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class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Valenciennes" title="Batalla de Valenciennes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla de Valenciennes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Valenciennes" title="Schlacht bei Valenciennes – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht bei Valenciennes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Valenciennes_(1656)" title="Batalla de Valenciennes (1656) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Valenciennes (1656)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Valenciennes_(1656)" title="Siège de Valenciennes (1656) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Siège de Valenciennes (1656)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Valenciennes" title="Battaglia di Valenciennes – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Valenciennes" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beleg_van_Valencijn_(1656)" title="Beleg van Valencijn (1656) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Beleg van Valencijn (1656)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8C%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84_(1656%E5%B9%B4)" title="ヴァランシエンヌの戦い (1656年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァランシエンヌの戦い (1656年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1656)" title="Осада Валансьена (1656) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" 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data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°21′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°31′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.3581°N 3.5233°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.3581; 3.5233</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1656 battle during the Franco-Spanish War</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Valenciennes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Spanish_War_(1635)" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635)">Franco-Spanish War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Valenciennes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Battle_of_Valenciennes.jpg/300px-Battle_of_Valenciennes.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Battle_of_Valenciennes.jpg/450px-Battle_of_Valenciennes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Battle_of_Valenciennes.jpg/600px-Battle_of_Valenciennes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1953" data-file-height="1593" /></a></span><br />John Joseph of Austria leads the Spanish Army to the victory at the Battle of Valenciennes, by <a href="/wiki/David_Teniers_II" class="mw-redirect" title="David Teniers II">David Teniers II</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>16 July 1656</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Valenciennes" title="Valenciennes">Valenciennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Spanish victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_la_Tour_d%27Auvergne,_Vicomte_de_Turenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne">Vicomte de Turenne</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_La_Fert%C3%A9-Senneterre" title="Henri de La Ferté-Senneterre">Maréchal La Ferté</a>  (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_of_Austria" title="John Joseph of Austria">John Joseph of Austria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9_(1621%E2%80%931686)" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis, Prince of Condé (1621–1686)">Prince of Condé</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 24,000–30,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020227_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020227-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(9,000 engaged)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 22,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p>6,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart190883_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart190883-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–7,500 </p> <ul><li>2,000<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart190883_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart190883-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–5,500 dead or wounded<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020231_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020231-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2,500–4,000 captured<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020231_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020231-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997140_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997140-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart190883_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart190883-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 500<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020231_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020231-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007192_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007192-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–1,500<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart190883_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart190883-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dead or wounded</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%931659)" title="Template:Campaignbox Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%931659)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%931659)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Franco-Spanish_War_(1635–1659)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%931659)" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)"><span class="wrap">Franco-Spanish War</span></a><br /> (1635–1659)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Flanders and Northern France</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Les_Avins" title="Battle of Les Avins">Les Avins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leuven" title="Siege of Leuven">Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Le_Catelet_(1636)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Le Catelet (1636)">Le Catelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Capelle" title="Siege of La Capelle">La Capelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_of_the_Somme" title="Crossing of the Somme">Somme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Siege_of_Corbie" title="First Siege of Corbie">1st Corbie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Landrecies_(1637)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Landrecies (1637) (page does not exist)">1st Landrecies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saint-Omer" title="Siege of Saint-Omer">1st Saint Omer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_of_Thionville" title="Relief of Thionville">1st Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Charlemont_(1640)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Charlemont (1640) (page does not exist)">Charlemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Arras_(1640)" title="Siege of Arras (1640)">1st Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Aire-sur-la-Lys_(1641&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Aire-sur-la-Lys (1641 (page does not exist)">Aire-sur-la-Lys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Marf%C3%A9e" title="Battle of La Marfée">La Marfée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Honnecourt" title="Battle of Honnecourt">Honnecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocroi" title="Battle of Rocroi">Rocroi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Thionville_(1643)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Thionville (1643) (page does not exist)">2nd Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gravelines_(1644)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Gravelines (1644)">1st Gravelines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_B%C3%A9thune_(1645)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Béthune (1645) (page does not exist)">Béthune</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Saint-Omer_(1645)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Saint-Omer (1645) (page does not exist)">2nd Saint Omer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Lens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Lens (page does not exist)">1st Lens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Bergues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Bergues (page does not exist)">Bergues</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mardyck_(1646)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Mardyck (1646) (page does not exist)">1st Mardyck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Furnes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Furnes (page does not exist)">Furnes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Dunkirk_(1646)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Dunkirk (1646) (page does not exist)">1st Dunkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Armenti%C3%A8res_(1647)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Armentières (1647) (page does not exist)">Armentières</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Nieuwpoort_(1647)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Nieuwpoort (1647) (page does not exist)">Nieuwpoort</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Commines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Commines (page does not exist)">Commines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Landrecies_(1647)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Landrecies (1647) (page does not exist)">2nd Landrecies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Diksmuide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Diksmuide (page does not exist)">Diksmuide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Ypres_(1647)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Ypres (1647) (page does not exist)">Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lens" title="Battle of Lens">2nd Lens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Rethel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Rethel (page does not exist)">Rethel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92%E5%9C%8D%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0" class="extiw" title="zh:勒泰勒圍城戰">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mouzon" title="Siege of Mouzon">Mouzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1654)" title="Battle of Arras (1654)">2nd Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Landrecies_(1655)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Landrecies (1655) (page does not exist)">3rd Landrecies</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valenciennes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Mardyck_(1657)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Mardyck (1657) (page does not exist)">2nd Mardyck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dunkirk_(1658)" title="Siege of Dunkirk (1658)">2nd Dunkirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dunes_(1658)" title="Battle of the Dunes (1658)">The Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Gravelines_(1658)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Gravelines (1658) (page does not exist)">2nd Gravelines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Bergues_(1658)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Bergues (1658) (page does not exist)">Bergues</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Northern Spain and Southern France</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leucate" title="Siege of Leucate">Leucate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fuenterrab%C3%ADa_(1638)" title="Siege of Fuenterrabía (1638)">Fuenterrabía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Salses" title="Siege of Salses">1st Salses</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Ille-sur-T%C3%AAt_(1640)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Ille-sur-Têt (1640) (page does not exist)">Ille-sur-Têt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montju%C3%AFc_(1641)" title="Battle of Montjuïc (1641)">Montjuïc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Tarragona_(1641)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Tarragona (1641) (page does not exist)">1st Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Almenar_(1641)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Almenar (1641) (page does not exist)">Almenar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montmel%C3%B3" title="Battle of Montmeló">Montmeló</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_La_Granada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of La Granada (page does not exist)">La Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Monz%C3%B3n_(1642)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Monzón (1642) (page does not exist)">Monzón</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Collioure_(1642)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Collioure (1642) (page does not exist)">Collioure</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Tortosa_(1642)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Tortosa (1642) (page does not exist)">1st Tortosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Perpignan_(1642)" title="Siege of Perpignan (1642)">Perpignan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Roses_(1642)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Roses (1642) (page does not exist)">1st Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Salses_(1642)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Salses (1642) (page does not exist)">2nd Salses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lleida_(1642)" title="Battle of Lleida (1642)">1st Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Miravet_(1643)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Miravet (1643) (page does not exist)">Miravet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Monz%C3%B3n_(1643)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Monzón (1643) (page does not exist)">Monzón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lleida_(1644)" title="Siege of Lleida (1644)">2nd Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Tarragona_(1644)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Tarragona (1644) (page does not exist)">4th Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Roses_(1645)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Roses (1645) (page does not exist)">2nd Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_San_Lorenzo_de_Mongay_(1645)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of San Lorenzo de Mongay (1645) (page does not exist)">San Lorenzo de Mongay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Balaguer_(1645)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Balaguer (1645) (page does not exist)">Balaguer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Lleida_(1646)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Lleida (1646) (page does not exist)">3rd Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Lleida_(1647)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Lleida (1647) (page does not exist)">4th Lleida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Tortosa_(1648)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Tortosa (1648) (page does not exist)">2nd Tortosa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Montblanc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Montblanc (page does not exist)">Montblanc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Tortosa_(1650)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Tortosa (1650) (page does not exist)">3rd Tortosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Barcelona_(1651)" title="Siege of Barcelona (1651)">2nd Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Castell%C3%B3_d%27Emp%C3%BAries_(1653)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Castelló d'Empúries (1653) (page does not exist)">Castelló d'Empúries</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Girona_(1653)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Girona (1653) (page does not exist)">Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Villefranche-de-Conflent_(1654)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Villefranche-de-Conflent (1654) (page does not exist)">Villefranche-de-Conflent</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Cadaqu%C3%A9s_(1655)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Cadaqués (1655) (page does not exist)">Cadaqués</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Solsona_(1655)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Solsona (1655) (page does not exist)">Solsona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Solsona_(1655)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Solsona (1655) (page does not exist)">Berga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Solsona_(1657)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Solsona (1657) (page does not exist)">Castellfollit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Camprod%C3%B3n_(1658)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Camprodón (1658) (page does not exist)">Camprodon</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Italy</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Valenza_(1635)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Valenza (1635) (page does not exist)">1st Valenza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Morbegno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Morbegno (page does not exist)">Morbegno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tornavento" title="Battle of Tornavento">Tornavento</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Marbegno_(1637)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Marbegno (1637) (page does not exist)">Marbegno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Breme_(1638)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Breme (1638) (page does not exist)">Breme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Vercelli_(1638)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Vercelli (1638) (page does not exist)">Vercelli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Chieri_(1639)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Chieri (1639) (page does not exist)">Chieri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Casale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Casale (page does not exist)">Casale</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%96%A9%E8%90%8A%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="extiw" title="zh:卡薩萊戰役">zh</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Turin_(1640)" title="Siege of Turin (1640)">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Valenza_(1641)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Valenza (1641) (page does not exist)">2nd Valenza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cremona_(1644)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Cremona (1644) (page does not exist)">1st Cremona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Proh_(1645)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Proh (1645) (page does not exist)">Proh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_Revolt_(1647%E2%80%931648)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolitan Revolt (1647–1648)">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Cremona_(1648)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Cremona (1648) (page does not exist)">2nd Cremona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Pavia_(1655)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Pavia (1655) (page does not exist)">Pavia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Valenza_(1656)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Valenza (1656) (page does not exist)">3rd Valenza</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>France hinterland</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Fronde" title="The Fronde">The Fronde</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Franche-Comté and Germany</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Dole_(1636)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Dole (1636) (page does not exist)">Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Martignat_(1637)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Martignat (1637) (page does not exist)">Martignat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Savigny_(1637)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Savigny (1637) (page does not exist)">Savigny</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Arbent_(1637)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Arbent (1637) (page does not exist)">Arbent</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cornod_(1637)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Cornod (1637) (page does not exist)">Cornod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Saint-Amour_(1637)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Saint-Amour (1637) (page does not exist)">Saint-Amour</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Sainte-Agn%C3%A8s_(1637)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Sainte-Agnès (1637) (page does not exist)">Sainte-Agnès</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Lons-le-Saunier_(1637)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Lons-le-Saunier (1637) (page does not exist)">Lons-le-Saunier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Bletterans_(1637)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Bletterans (1637) (page does not exist)">Bletterans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_Poligny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Battle of Poligny (page does not exist)">1st Poligny</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Poligny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Battle of Poligny (page does not exist)">2nd Poligny</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Pontarlier_(1639)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Pontarlier (1639) (page does not exist)">Pontarlier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Jonvelle_(1639)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Jonvelle (1639) (page does not exist)">Jonvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Maynal_(1641)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Maynal (1641) (page does not exist)">Maynal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tuttlingen" title="Battle of Tuttlingen">Tuttlingen</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Caribbean</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Tortuga" title="Capture of Tortuga">Tortuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Rocher" title="Capture of Fort Rocher">Fort Rocher</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Naval battles</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9rins_Islands_expedition_(1635)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lérins Islands expedition (1635) (page does not exist)">1st Lérins Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Sardinia_(1637)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raid on Sardinia (1637) (page does not exist)">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9rins_Islands_expedition_(1637)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lérins Islands expedition (1637) (page does not exist)">2nd Lérins Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9rins_Islands_expedition_(1638)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lérins Islands expedition (1638) (page does not exist)">3rd Lérins Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Genoa_(1638)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Genoa (1638) (page does not exist)">Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Getaria" title="Battle of Getaria">Getaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attack_on_Laredo_and_Santo%C3%B1a_(1639)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attack on Laredo and Santoña (1639) (page does not exist)">Laredo <b>·</b> Santoña</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_%C3%8Ele_de_R%C3%A9_(1640)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Île de Ré (1640) (page does not exist)">Île de Ré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_C%C3%A1diz_(1640)" title="Battle of Cádiz (1640)">Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Battle_of_Tarragona_(July_1641)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Battle of Tarragona (July 1641)">2nd Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarragona_(August_1641)" title="Battle of Tarragona (August 1641)">3rd Tarragona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barcelona" title="Battle of Barcelona">1st Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_(1643)" title="Battle of Cartagena (1643)">Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orbetello" title="Battle of Orbetello">Orbetello</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Castellammare_(1647)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Castellammare (1647) (page does not exist)">Castellammare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Piombino_and_Porto_Longone_(1650)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Piombino and Porto Longone (1650) (page does not exist)">Piombino <b>·</b> Porto Longone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_23_November_1650" title="Action of 23 November 1650">Cambrils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_galleon_Lion_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Capture of the galleon Lion Couronné">Formentera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attack_on_Sant_Feliu_(1651)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attack on Sant Feliu (1651) (page does not exist)">Sant Feliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bordeaux_(1653)" title="Battle of Bordeaux (1653)">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Barcelona_(1655)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Barcelona (1655) (page does not exist)">3rd Barcelona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Valenciennes</b> was fought on 16 July 1656 between the Spanish troops commanded by <a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_of_Austria" title="John Joseph of Austria">John Joseph of Austria</a> and the French troops under <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_la_Tour_d%27Auvergne,_Vicomte_de_Turenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne">Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne</a>, in the outskirts of the city of <a href="/wiki/Valenciennes" title="Valenciennes">Valenciennes</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%931659)" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)">Franco-Spanish War</a>. After a period of Spanish recovery following the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Peace of Münster">Peace of Münster</a> in 1648, France went again on the offensive in 1654, having succeeded in suppressing internal rebellions, and took several towns in the province of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" title="County of Hainaut">Hainaut</a> over the course of two years. On early 1656, Turenne was instructed by the French court to continue the offensive. He intended at first to besiege <a href="/wiki/Tournai" title="Tournai">Tournai</a>, but realising that it had been strongly reinforced by the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Flanders" title="Army of Flanders">Army of Flanders</a> under the newly appointed John Joseph of Austria, illegitimate son of <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a>, he went instead to besiege Valenciennes, in the course of the <a href="/wiki/Scheldt_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheldt River">Scheldt River</a>. </p><p>The defenders of the city opened locks and breached dikes to flood the surroundings and hamper the siege. Their strong resistance gave time the Spanish army to prepare a relief which took place one month after the beginning of the siege. The early hours of 16 July, the forces led by John Joseph of Austria and the <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9_(1621%E2%80%931686)" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis, Prince of Condé (1621–1686)">Prince of Condé</a>, the victor of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocroi" title="Battle of Rocroi">Battle of Rocroi</a>, now in Spanish service, stormed the French circumvallation lines west of Valenciennes, defended by the forces of Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_La_Fert%C3%A9-Senneterre" title="Henri de La Ferté-Senneterre">Henri de La Ferté-Senneterre</a>. The Spanish were victorious and destroyed Le Ferté's army, whom Turenne was unable to help because of the floods that separated their respective armies. </p><p>The Battle of Valenciennes was the worst of only a few defeats that Turenne suffered in his long career campaigning, and is regarded as Spain's last great victory of the 17th century, as well as one of France's worst defeats of the century. Coupled with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Pavia_(1655)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Pavia (1655) (page does not exist)">another Spanish victory</a> over the French at <a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Pavia</a> in 1655, that of Valenciennes seriously damaged France's military capabilities and fueled the hopes in the Spanish court for a favourable peace with France after more than twenty years of conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaffi2006411_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaffi2006411-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peace talks took place at Madrid during the summer of that year, but ultimately failed to produce any result, and the war continued for three more years, until the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_the_Pyrenees" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of the Pyrenees">Peace of the Pyrenees</a> in 1659. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>France and Spain had been in war since 1635. The outbreak of revolts in <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> in 1640 allowed the French to gain advantage in all the fronts, notably after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocroi" title="Battle of Rocroi">Battle of Rocroi</a> in 1643. However, the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_M%C3%BCnster" title="Peace of Münster">Peace of Münster</a> between Spain and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> in 1648, together with the beginning of a series of civil wars in France known as the <a href="/wiki/Fronde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fronde">Fronde</a>, allowed Spain to recover most of the lost ground. By the end of 1652, the armies of <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a> had recovered <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> and most of Catalonia, the strategic ports of <a href="/wiki/Gravelines" title="Gravelines">Gravelines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a> in Flanders, and managed to capture the fortified city of <a href="/wiki/Casale_Monferrato" title="Casale Monferrato">Casale Monferrato</a> in Italy. Spain offered peace to France, yet <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a>, chief minister to <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>, rejected them, hoping that the kingdom would be able to recover.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997127-128_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997127-128-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1653, the French Royal armies subdued the Fronde in <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> and the southwestern France, while the poor relationship between the leader of the Fronde, the Prince of Condé, and the commanders of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Flanders" title="Army of Flanders">Army of Flanders</a>, archduke <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Wilhelm_of_Austria" title="Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria">Leopold Wilhelm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_P%C3%A9rez_de_Vivero,_3rd_Count_of_Fuensalda%C3%B1a" title="Alfonso Pérez de Vivero, 3rd Count of Fuensaldaña">Count Fuensaldaña</a>, hampered the planned Spanish-Frondeur invasion of France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997132_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997132-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1654, France continued to bolster its position by subduing the Fronde in <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> and laying siege to the city of <a href="/wiki/Stenay" title="Stenay">Stenay</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>, which was held by the Condéan army. In response, Leopold Wilhelm and Condé, together with the allied forces of duke <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles IV of Lorraine">Charles IV of Lorraine</a>, laid siege to <a href="/wiki/Arras" title="Arras">Arras</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Artois" title="County of Artois">County of Artois</a>. Stenay surrendered on 6 August, while a French army under Turenne <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1654)" title="Battle of Arras (1654)">stormed</a> the Spanish lines of circumvallation around Arras on 25 August and forced the Spanish army and its allies to abandon the siege in hurry. The French victory was not decisive, since the archduke was able to take the field again within a few weeks after making new recruits.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaffi2006410_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaffi2006410-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle had, however, deep political consequences, since Condé, whose dexterity saved the allied army from destruction, was hailed as a hero by the Spanish court, and the support from Philip IV and his <i><a href="/wiki/Favourite" title="Favourite">valido</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Haro" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis de Haro">Luis de Haro</a>, gave him the status of 'informal authority' in competence with Leopold Wilhelm and Fuensaldaña.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmigo_Vázquez2018194-196_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmigo_Vázquez2018194-196-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Spanish situation worsened further in 1655 as the French army under Turenne took <a href="/wiki/Landrecies" title="Landrecies">Landrecies</a> after an eighteen-days siege in 14 July, and the strategic towns of <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9-sur-l%27Escaut" title="Condé-sur-l'Escaut">Condé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Ghislain" title="Saint-Ghislain">Saint-Ghislain</a>, situated north of Valenciennes, on 18 and 25 August. After that, the French consolidated their control in the province of Hainaut by seizing and fortifying positions around Condé, <a href="/wiki/Arleux" title="Arleux">Arleux</a> and other localities. Important cities like <a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bouchain" title="Bouchain">Bouchain</a>, Valenciennes and <a href="/wiki/Tournai" title="Tournai">Tournai</a> were put under threat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997139_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997139-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just as the campaign finished, the Spanish prestige was seriously damaged when the Lorrainer forces, led by duke <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Francis,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Nicholas Francis, Duke of Lorraine">Francis</a>, defected to France in November and allowed them to take control of a series of fortresses in Lorraine, the <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Trier" title="Electorate of Trier">Electorate of Trier</a> and the middle Rhine. The change of side was motivated by the arrest and imprisoning of duke Charles by Philip IV, who accused him of conspiring with Mazarin and who wished to turn Lorraine into a Spanish client state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997140_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997140-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Teniers_III_(Attr.)_-_Triumphal_entry_of_Don_John_of_Austria_the_Younger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/David_Teniers_III_%28Attr.%29_-_Triumphal_entry_of_Don_John_of_Austria_the_Younger.jpg/300px-David_Teniers_III_%28Attr.%29_-_Triumphal_entry_of_Don_John_of_Austria_the_Younger.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/David_Teniers_III_%28Attr.%29_-_Triumphal_entry_of_Don_John_of_Austria_the_Younger.jpg/450px-David_Teniers_III_%28Attr.%29_-_Triumphal_entry_of_Don_John_of_Austria_the_Younger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/David_Teniers_III_%28Attr.%29_-_Triumphal_entry_of_Don_John_of_Austria_the_Younger.jpg/600px-David_Teniers_III_%28Attr.%29_-_Triumphal_entry_of_Don_John_of_Austria_the_Younger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1545" /></a><figcaption><i>Triumphal entry of John Joseph of Austria into the Southern Netherlands</i>, attributed to <a href="/wiki/David_Teniers_III" title="David Teniers III">David Teniers III</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Spanish defeats led Philip IV to replace Leopold Wilhelm as governor of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a> and commander of the Army of Flanders by John Joseph of Austria, his illegitimate son. Despite his young age, John was already an experienced and successful commander who had brought <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Naples</a> and Catalonia back under Spanish rule, as well as a skilled negotiator. On 17 February 1656, the Spanish monarch ordered his son to secretly embark at Barcelona towards <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a> in order to travel to <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> as fast as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007185_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007185-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Near <a href="/wiki/Minorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Minorca">Minorca</a>, the small squadron of two galleys where he travelled was attacked by <a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" title="Barbary pirates">Barbary pirates</a>. One of the galleys was captured, and John barely escaped. He landed at Genoa on 23 March and reached Milan the 29th. From there, he travelled to <a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a> and then to <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>, from where he moved into <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Bavaria" title="Electorate of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. Having crossed the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> at <a href="/wiki/Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a>, he took a boat at <a href="/wiki/Miltenberg" title="Miltenberg">Miltenberg</a> and sailed down the <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main</a> up to <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>. There, he was joined by the <a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Benavides_Carrillo,_Marquis_of_Caracena" title="Luis de Benavides Carrillo, Marquis of Caracena">Marquis of Caracena</a>, who had been appointed Governor of the Arms (second in command) of the Army of Flanders after the Prince of Condé, through his agents at <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, managed to have Fuensaldaña sacked.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmigo_Vázquez2018196_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmigo_Vázquez2018196-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They travelled by boat to <a href="/wiki/Mayence" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayence">Mayence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coblenz" class="mw-redirect" title="Coblenz">Coblenz</a>, finally landing at <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> on 1 May. There they received by Fuensaldaña with 400 Spanish and 400 Condéan cavalry soldiers, who escorted them to the Spanish Netherlands. John met Leopold Wilhelm on 10 May at the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Scherpenheuvel" title="Basilica of Our Lady of Scherpenheuvel">Basilica of Our Lady of Scherpenheuvel</a>, and Condé near <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a> the next journey. The entrance at Brussels took place on 12 May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007189_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007189-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1656, the Army of Flanders had 22,000 soldiers available for field operations. On 2 April, a <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brussels_(1656)" title="Treaty of Brussels (1656)">treaty of alliance</a> was agreed at Brussels between representatives of Philip IV and <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a> in which the exiled British monarch agreed to raise troops to fight for Spain against France in exchange of support for him to be restored on his throne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020109_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020109-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the meantime, however, the French enjoyed numerical superiority and took the initiative. Their forces were divided into two armies, one of 16,500 men led by Turenne, who acted as overall commander, and another one of 9,000 to 10,000 men under Field Marshal La Ferté. Having joined forces at <a href="/wiki/Chauny" title="Chauny">Chauny</a> on 1 May, they established their depots at <a href="/wiki/Le_Quesnoy" title="Le Quesnoy">Le Quesnoy</a> and took the field on early June.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726206-207_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726206-207-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The then 18 years old Louis XIV intended to participate in the campaign and left Paris on 27 May towards <a href="/wiki/Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Compiègne">Compiègne</a>. He arrived at <a href="/wiki/La_F%C3%A8re" title="La Fère">La Fère</a> on 7 June to follow the operations from there, and Mazarin soon joined him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontglat1853314_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontglat1853314-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turenne aimed first at besieging Tournai and advanced towards there on 12 June. However, the Spanish command anticipated the move and reinforced the city with 4,000 men. The French commander decided then to besiege Valenciennes. On 15 June his army closed on from one side, while next day La Ferté approached from the other, being their troops separated by the <a href="/wiki/Scheldt_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheldt river">Scheldt river</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020109_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020109-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siege">Siege</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Siege"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Si%C3%A8ge_de_Valenciennes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Valenciennes.jpg/300px-Si%C3%A8ge_de_Valenciennes.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Valenciennes.jpg/450px-Si%C3%A8ge_de_Valenciennes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Valenciennes.jpg/600px-Si%C3%A8ge_de_Valenciennes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1725" /></a><figcaption>The Siege of Valenciennes.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investment">Investment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Investment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The garrison of Valenciennes consisted of 2,000 infantry and 300 cavalry soldiers led by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Bournonville" title="Alexander von Bournonville">Alexander de Bournonville</a>, Count of Henin, which were reinforced gradually by 6,000 armed burghers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007190_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007190-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish Tercio of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Meneses_Brito" title="Francisco de Meneses Brito">Francisco de Meneses Brito</a> was entrusted the guard of the gate of <a href="/wiki/Anzin" title="Anzin">Anzin</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadel</a>, which gave access to the river, while Bournonville's own German regiment was positioned to protect the gates of <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> and Le Quesnoy, the Walloon Tercio of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_de_Lannoy,_2nd_Count_of_la_Motterie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe de Lannoy, 2nd Count of la Motterie (page does not exist)">Count de La Motterie</a> was detached to protect the gate of <a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a>, and the burghers took care of the gate of <a href="/wiki/Famars" title="Famars">Famars</a>, the Tourelle —a small palace belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a> on the right bank of the Scheldt— and the redoubt of St. Ignace. The Walloon Tercio of Maestre de Campo Verkeest, which was garrisoning the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Amand-les-Eaux" title="Saint-Amand-les-Eaux">Saint-Amand</a>, tried to reinforce Valenciennes, but could not get across the French lines<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault188974-76_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault188974-76-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French army invested Valenciennes and started the construction of a circumvallation line. Turenne deployed his troops between the Abbey of Saint-Saulve and the road to Bouchain. He established his quarter with the bulk of the army in the road to Le Quesnoy, since any relief army would likely appear on that side. Southwest of Turenne's quarter, separated from it by a stream called <a href="/wiki/Rhonelle" title="Rhonelle">Rhonelle</a>, which flows into the Scheldt at Valenciennes, there were two further quarters garrisoned by the Lorrainer troops led by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Emmanuel,_Count_of_Ligneville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Emmanuel, Count of Ligneville (page does not exist)">Count of Ligneville</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maison_Militaire_du_Roi_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Maison Militaire du Roi de France">Maison du Roi</a> under <a href="/wiki/Anne_de_Noailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne de Noailles">Anne de Noailles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726207_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726207-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Pontoon_bridge" title="Pontoon bridge">pontoon bridge</a> was built over the Scheldt to connect Turenne's with La Ferté's armies. West of the river, the latter extended his lines from Bourlain to l'Épaix.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault188974_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault188974-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four redoubts were built on this section to counter any attempt to relieve the city. However, La Ferté did a serious mistake: not extending the lines to cover the high ground which presided over the whole section.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726208_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726208-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to hamper the French siege works, Bournonville ordered the terrain around the city to be flooded. On 16 June, the defenders breached a <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">dike</a> near the Tourelle, which led to the marshes of Bourlain to be flooded. Next day, the canal of the Cambrai <a href="/wiki/Faubourg" title="Faubourg">faubourg</a> was obstructed, and, as a consequence, the surroundings of l'Épaix were flooded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault188981,_85_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault188981,_85-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same day, the defenders of the citadel made a sortie in which 150 French soldiers were killed or wounded. On the 18th, the French took the tower of <a href="/wiki/Raismes" title="Raismes">Raismes</a>, a fortified post halfway between Valenciennes and Saint-Amand, and repelled an attempt by troops from the garrison of Bouchain to reinforce Valenciennes across the Lorrainer lines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault188988-89_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault188988-89-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to ease the communications between the two besieging armies, the French sappers started to build a bridge of <a href="/wiki/Fascines" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascines">fascines</a> over the flooded terrain south of Valenciennes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault188991_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault188991-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, Bournonville ordered another dike to be breached, which increased the water level by three feet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault188993_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault188993-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This did not stopped the construction of the bridge, which was finished by 26 June and had a length of 2,000 paces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault1889106_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault1889106-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparations_for_the_relief">Preparations for the relief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Preparations for the relief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once the circumvallation line was completed on 26 June, the besiegers started to dig trenches in two approaches directed to the citadel from the quarter of Marshal La Ferté.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726208_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726208-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To support the attacks, the French erected two batteries in front of the port of Montoise; one was furnished by seven 34 or 35-pounder heavy cannons, and the other by seven.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault1889111_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault1889111-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the following days, the Spanish defenders made several sorties that slowed the pace of the attacks and gave time forJohn Joseph of Austria and Condé to prepare the relief. They were then at Douai ahead a force of 10,500 to 10,000 infantry and 5,000 to 5,500 Spanish cavalry, plus 5,800 Condéans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 June, they advanced to Valenciennes from the south and established a fortified camp at Mont Houy, a hill located between the villages of Famars and La <a href="/wiki/Fontenelle_Abbey_(Nord)" title="Fontenelle Abbey (Nord)">Fontenelle</a> with the Scheldt on the right and the Rhonelle on the left. A smaller detachment of 4,000 men under the <a href="/wiki/John_Gaspar_Ferdinand_de_Marchin,_Comte_de_Granville" title="John Gaspar Ferdinand de Marchin, Comte de Granville">Count of Marsin</a> positioned itself on the opposite side of Scheldt at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Amand-les-Eaux" title="Saint-Amand-les-Eaux">Saint-Amand-les-Eaux</a>, north of the French lines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Spanish forces skirmished along the French lines looking for a weak spot, a three-cannon battery was established at Mount Houy to bombard the quarters of Ligneville and Noailles. In turn, the French troops increased the pace of their trench works and, by the night of 1 to 2 July, they were in position to launch an assault over the <a href="/wiki/Ravelin" title="Ravelin">ravelin</a> of Montoise. That night, the Regiment of Piemont launched an attack on the <a href="/wiki/Covertway" title="Covertway">covertway</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Counterscarp" title="Counterscarp">counterscarp</a>, which was repelled by the defenders. The night of 5 to 6 July, a second assault took place, this time by the Regiment of La Ferté. Paillet, its commanding officer, was killed, and the unit lost a third of its strength. The next day, however, the Regiment of Piemont succeeded in the taking counterscarp.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726209_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726209-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bournonville then wrote a letter to John Joseph to inform him that he would not be able ro resist more than a few days. On 14 July, the prince assembled a war council in which it was decided to attack the French lines and relieve Valenciennes. Next day, the baggage was sent to Bouchain while the bulk of the Spanish Army crossed the Scheldt at <a href="/wiki/Denain" title="Denain">Denain</a> to attack the army of La Ferté.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229-230_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229-230-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_of_battle">Order of battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Order of battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_army">Spanish army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spanish army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Juanjosedeaustria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting of John Joseph of Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Juanjosedeaustria.jpg/148px-Juanjosedeaustria.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Juanjosedeaustria.jpg/222px-Juanjosedeaustria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Juanjosedeaustria.jpg/296px-Juanjosedeaustria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">John Joseph of Austria by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carre%C3%B1o_de_Miranda" title="Juan Carreño de Miranda">Juan Carreño de Miranda</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Justus_van_Egmont_(1601-1674)_(studio_of_or_after)_-_Prince_Louis_II_de_Bourbon_(1621%E2%80%931686),_Prince_de_Cond%C3%A9,_%27Le_Grand_Cond%C3%A9%27_(miscalled_%27The_2nd_Earl_Rivers%27)_-_343173_-_National_Trust.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting of the Prince of Condé" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Justus_van_Egmont_%281601-1674%29_%28studio_of_or_after%29_-_Prince_Louis_II_de_Bourbon_%281621%E2%80%931686%29%2C_Prince_de_Cond%C3%A9%2C_%27Le_Grand_Cond%C3%A9%27_%28miscalled_%27The_2nd_Earl_Rivers%27%29_-_343173_-_National_Trust.jpg/148px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Justus_van_Egmont_%281601-1674%29_%28studio_of_or_after%29_-_Prince_Louis_II_de_Bourbon_%281621%E2%80%931686%29%2C_Prince_de_Cond%C3%A9%2C_%27Le_Grand_Cond%C3%A9%27_%28miscalled_%27The_2nd_Earl_Rivers%27%29_-_343173_-_National_Trust.jpg/222px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Justus_van_Egmont_%281601-1674%29_%28studio_of_or_after%29_-_Prince_Louis_II_de_Bourbon_%281621%E2%80%931686%29%2C_Prince_de_Cond%C3%A9%2C_%27Le_Grand_Cond%C3%A9%27_%28miscalled_%27The_2nd_Earl_Rivers%27%29_-_343173_-_National_Trust.jpg/296px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Prince of Condé by the studio of <a href="/wiki/Justus_van_Egmont" title="Justus van Egmont">Justus van Egmont</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Excluding the forces that had been left to guard the camp at Mount Houy, the Spanish army numbered about 10,000 infantry, 7,500 cavalry and 300 <a href="/wiki/Dragoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragoons">dragoons</a>. Four or five Spanish tercios were present: the Tercio Viejo de los Estados de Flandes under Diego Goñi de Peralta, the Tercio Viejo de los Estados de Holanda under Juan Antonio Pacheco Osorio, the Tercio Viejo de los Estados de Brabante under Antonio Furtado de Mendonça, the tercio of Gabriel de Toledo and perhaps that of Gaspar Bonifaz.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also three Italian tercios under Maestres de Campo <a href="/wiki/House_of_Carafa" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Carafa">Carafa</a>, Campi and <a href="/wiki/Bentivoglio_family" title="Bentivoglio family">Bentivoglio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish and Italian troops were considered to be the finest soldiers in the army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997139_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997139-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walloon units, composed by local combatants, included the tercios of the Prince of Steenhuyse, the Count of Megen, the Lord of Richebourg, the Count of Noyelle and Maestre de Campo Verkeest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two or three Irish tercios were part of the army, namely those under the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Tyrone" title="Count of Tyrone">Count of Tyrone</a> and Sean Murphy, and possibly the Tercio of Thomas Nelson. Five to eight German regiments were also present. A relation published shortly after the battle mentions those of Wolfgang of Bournonville, the Count of Nassau, the Baron of Lesbeguen, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Hornes,_Count_of_Houtekerke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Eugène de Hornes, Count of Houtekerke (page does not exist)">Count of Hornes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Fran%C3%A7ois,_1st_Duke_of_Arenberg" title="Philippe François, 1st Duke of Arenberg">Duke of Aarschot and Count of Arenberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The army of the Prince of Condé numbered 2,000 infantry, 3,500 cavalry and 300 dragoons, including the French regiments of Persan, Guitaut and Condé, and Irish regiments of Dempsey and O'Meagler, though most of them stayed at the camp of Mount Houy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_army">French army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: French army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Army of Turenne had from 9,000 to 9,500 infantry soldiers from the French regiments of <a href="/wiki/French_Guards_Regiment" title="French Guards Regiment">Gardes Françaises</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guards" title="Swiss Guards">Gardes Suisses</a>, Bussy-Rabutin, Vervins, Dumbarton, Vandy, La Couronne, Montausier, Rambures, Bretagne, Vendôme, La Marine, Turenne and Picardy, and the Lorrainer regiments of Tornielles, Marasque, Konos, Kusac and de Cascar, plus 7,500 to 8,000 cavalry and up to 40 cannons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020227_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020227-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these men, 9,500 were lodged at Turenne's quarter, 4,000 at Ligneville's quarter, and a further 3,500 at Noailles quarter. La Ferté had 6,000 to 6,500 infantry soldiers from the regiments of Gardes Françaises, Gardes Suisses, Piemont, Espagny, Lignières, La Ferté, Belzunce, La Marine and Manchini, plus 3,500 to 4,000 cavalry and 15 cannons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020227_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020227-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 July, the <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Rabutin,_comte_de_Bussy" title="Roger de Rabutin, comte de Bussy">Count of Bussy</a> stated in a letter that "order is so good among our troops, and our troops so well intended, that I expect the good success of our enterprise".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBussy-Rabutin173166_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBussy-Rabutin173166-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After one month of siege, however, La Ferté's army was down to 8,000 or 9,000 men, which Bussy would later judge not enough to guard its circumvallation lines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBussy-Rabutin173169_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBussy-Rabutin173169-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RP-P-OB-78.971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/RP-P-OB-78.971.jpg/300px-RP-P-OB-78.971.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/RP-P-OB-78.971.jpg/450px-RP-P-OB-78.971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/RP-P-OB-78.971.jpg/600px-RP-P-OB-78.971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5236" data-file-height="4080" /></a><figcaption>The relief of Valenciennes by the Spanish army on 16 July 1656, anonymous Flemish engraving.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Spanish army positioned for the battle during the late hours of 15 July. A detachment of 1,000 men with cavalry, dragoons and musketeers stayed at Mount Houy with the heavy artillery to mask the manoeuvre of the main army, which was also covered by the high ground. Marsin was instructed to attack the quarter of La Ferté with his small detachment from the north, aiming at <a href="/wiki/Beuvrages" title="Beuvrages">Beuvrages</a>, as a feint, while the principal attack would come from the west over the French lines in direction to the village of Anzin. The Spanish right was commanded by the Marquis of Caracena and included six or seven infantry battalions formed by the Spanish and Irish tercios; the <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lamoral,_3rd_Prince_of_Ligne" title="Claude Lamoral, 3rd Prince of Ligne">Prince of Ligne</a> was in charge of the center, which comprised seven Walloon and Italian infantry battalions, and Condé led the left wing, formed by six German regiments and the Condéan Regiment of Persan. The infantry was deployed in two <a href="/wiki/Echelon_formation" title="Echelon formation">echelons</a>. 18 cavalry squadrons closed the right wing and 31 the left, while 14 were kept in reserve. In all, the relief force numbered 20 battalions and 63 squadrons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020230_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020230-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each infantry battalion included approximately 460 men, while each cavalry squadron had about 120 soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020173_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020173-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bournonville, for his part, had been instructed to open several locks to further flood the surrounding area and to attack La Ferté's army from its back using armed boats.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault1889148_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault1889148-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fire of the Spanish heavy artillery from Mount Houy at 2.00 a.m. gave the signal to attack. Marsin, in command of 6 infantry battalions and 13 cavalry squadrons, 2,500 infantry and 1,500 cavalry in all, assaulted the French lines with vigour. However, he was forced to retreat after several failed attempts at breaching it in face of a strong defense by the Regiment des Gardes Suisses. The main attack proceeded with better success. Each section of the army was headed by a vanguard of <a href="/wiki/Musketeers" class="mw-redirect" title="Musketeers">musketeers</a> armed with <a href="/wiki/Grenades" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenades">grenades</a>. These men threw grenades over the French lines and then jumped into the ditches to scale the breastworks. On the right, the Spanish and Irish infantry under Caracena succeeded in taking the first and second line of works, as did the Germans under Condé in the left. The Walloons and Italians, however, were stopped by the heavy musketry fire from the <a href="/wiki/French_Guards_Regiment" title="French Guards Regiment">Gardes Françaises</a>. While hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Sappers" class="mw-redirect" title="Sappers">sappers</a> worked to fill the ditches, remove the stockades and open ways for the cavalry, the infantry led by the Prince of Ligne launched new attacks on the center and, at the third time, succeeded in taking the second line of works.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020230_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020230-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Spanish attack was on progress, Turenne, on the opposite bank of the Scheldt, realised what was happening and urgently dispatched six infantry regiments to reinforce La Ferté across the fascine platform and the pontoon bridge. In the meantime, La Ferté launched a counterattack with his reserves, which included 18 cavalry squadrons, but the Spanish battalions, reinforced with the cavalry that had entered the battlefield across the ways opened by the sappers, drove them back. Bournonville attacked then from Valenciennes, and the French resistance collapsed. La Ferté was taken prisoner by a gentleman of Condé's entourage,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726210_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726210-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the survivors fled in disarray. Hundreds of them drowned while trying to cross the Scheldt north of Valenciennes. Just 2,500 men from La Ferté's army managed to escape, yet it was impossible for them to join Turenne, so they had to shelter themselves at the town of Condé. In the south, meanwhile, Caracena redeployed his troops to attack two of the regiments sent by Turenne which had already crossed the river and were quickly destroyed. Two hours after the beginning of the battle, the Spanish cavalry linked with the garrison of Valenciennes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020230_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020230-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Realising that the battle was lost, by 6 a.m. Turenne ordered his troops to abandon their encampments leaving behind their artillery and baggage. The victorious Spanish cavalry moved across Valenciennes to fall upon the French infantry which was leaving the trenches. A French cavalry squadron under the Marquis of Resnel skirmished with the pursuers and allowed the foot soldiers to escape. The retreat to Le Quesnoy was covered by 15 squadrons under the Count of Bussy. They were followed just by two squadrons of <a href="/wiki/Croats_(military_unit)" title="Croats (military unit)">Croatian cavalry</a> in Spanish service, since the pontoon bridge that would have enabled the Spanish army to cross into the other side of the Scheldt was blocked by abandoned cannons and chariots, which prevented a general chase,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007191-192_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007191-192-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turenne was able to regroup his army by the evening.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726211_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726211-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French losses amounted to 7,000 to 8,000 men, including 2,500 to 3,000 prisoners, and 46 cannons. Large amounts of powder, bombs, grenades other ammunitions were also taken, plus 9 pontoons, 15 boats and hundreds of chariots.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault1889157_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault1889157-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides this, 9,000 sacks of flour and several portable campaign mills were found at Turenne's quarter at the Abbey of Saint-Saulve. The booty taken by the Spanish troops, including <a href="/wiki/Cutlery" title="Cutlery">silver cutlery</a> and luxury clothes, was so big that the days following the battle the streets of Valenciennes were crowded of carts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault1889153_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault1889153-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish army lost 500 men during the battle and 200 to 300 during the siege.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020231_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020231-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>News of the Spanish victory at Valenciennes arrived at Brussels the same day that the battle was fought. On 21 July, the Council of State in Brussels ordered the raising of the siege to be marked by public celebrations. The city council of Antwerp did the same next day, and by 28 July the journalist Willem Scheybels published a detailed account of the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArblaster201420-21_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArblaster201420-21-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> News soon reached <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> too, where the French defeat was celebrated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurloe1742205_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurloe1742205-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Madrid, Philip IV was informed about the victory on 1 August and attributed it do the divine intervention in a letter to his confidat, <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Jesus_of_%C3%81greda" title="Mary of Jesus of Ágreda">sor María Jesús de Ágreda</a>, since 'we could only receive such a great benefit from his infinite goodness'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilvela1886112_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilvela1886112-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Paris, Louis XIV and his court were afflicted by the news. The <a href="/wiki/Queen_mother" title="Queen mother">Queen mother</a> of France, <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a> consoled herself by saying that 'the prayers of the Spaniards sometimes had to obtain graces from heaven'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotteville185557_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotteville185557-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, the many supporters of the Prince of Condé were exultant. A British Royalist in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> reported to <a href="/wiki/George_Radcliffe_(politician)" title="George Radcliffe (politician)">George Radcliffe</a>, advisor to the <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">Duke of York</a>, that 'the consequence of this action is like to be very great. It is scarce credible what joy is in Paris for it out of their extream dislike of cardinal Mazarin'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurloe1742199_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurloe1742199-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The outcome of the battle bolstered the reputation of John Joseph and earned him the respect of the Netherlandish population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrápaga_Monchet20152842_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrápaga_Monchet20152842-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having refreshed his army, he moved immediately to besiege Condé. Cardinal Mazarin instructed Turenne to not lose Condé and Saint-Ghislain, considering that their lost would damage further the French prestige.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997140-141_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997140-141-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two towns, however, were located behind the Spanish lines, and Turenne, now in command of just 17,000 men, considered the Spanish position too strong to attempt a relief. He withdrew his army to <a href="/wiki/Berlaimont" title="Berlaimont">Berlaimont</a> and moved soon to <a href="/wiki/Inchy" title="Inchy">Inchy</a> to ravage the <a href="/wiki/Lys_(river)" title="Lys (river)">Lys</a> basin, aiming at draw the Spanish army away from Condé.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontglat1853315_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontglat1853315-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Joseph did not lift the siege, and on 18 August the French garrison of Condé, numbering 2,772 infantry and 536 cavalry soldiers, surrendered to the Spanish Army. On the meantime, Turenne took the town of La Capelle after a brief siege.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontglat1853316_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontglat1853316-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippe_Francois_D%27Arenberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Philippe_Francois_D%27Arenberg.jpg/220px-Philippe_Francois_D%27Arenberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Philippe_Francois_D%27Arenberg.jpg/330px-Philippe_Francois_D%27Arenberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Philippe_Francois_D%27Arenberg.jpg/440px-Philippe_Francois_D%27Arenberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="2126" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of the 7th Duke of Aarschot, who was promoted to general for his actions in the battle.</figcaption></figure> <p>Both sides engaged in serious peace talks at Madrid during the summer, since shortly before the battle Mazarin had sent his confidant <a href="/wiki/Hugues_de_Lionne" title="Hugues de Lionne">Hugues de Lionne</a> to discuss peace terms with Philip IV and Luis de Haro. The French crown agreed to retire its support to the rebellious Portugal, as well as well as to evacuate its positions in Catalonia and restitute the <a href="/wiki/Cerdanya" title="Cerdanya">Cerdanya</a>, plus the <a href="/wiki/Charolais,_France" title="Charolais, France">Charolais</a> and the towns of <a href="/wiki/Thionville" title="Thionville">Thionville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Damvillers" title="Damvillers">Damvillers</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9thune" title="Béthune">Béthune</a>, Le Quesnoy and <a href="/wiki/La_Bass%C3%A9e" title="La Bassée">La Bassée</a>, in Flanders. Philip IV accepted to recognize the French control over Artois and <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, and to return to France the towns of Rocroi and <a href="/wiki/Le_Catelet" title="Le Catelet">Le Catelet</a>. The conversations ultimately failed because of the negative of Mazarin to restore the Prince of Condé his offices, which would enabled Philip to exert a direct influence over the French court, and by the refusal of the Spanish monarch to agree a marriage between her daughter and heir apparent, the infanta <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Maria Theresa</a>, and Louis XIV.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997141-144_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997141-144-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In military terms, the Battle of Valenciennes resulted in the lose by France of thousands of veteran soldiers, which, in accordance to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> ambassador in Paris, <a href="/wiki/Giovan_Battista_Nani" title="Giovan Battista Nani">Giovan Battista Nani</a>, meant that from there on, France was unable to mount fast and decisive campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaffi2006410-411_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaffi2006410-411-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the magnitude of the defeat and the failure of the peace talks sparked a major crisis of confidence among the crown's creditors, Louis XIV's <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Finances" title="Superintendent of Finances">Superintendent of Finances</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Fouquet" title="Nicolas Fouquet">Fouquet</a>, was forced to raise new revenues to float more loans, which generated agitation on a scale unprecedented since the Fronde, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anais" title="Orléanais">Orléanais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berry,_France" title="Berry, France">Berry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParrott2020270_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParrott2020270-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 March 1657, the Army of Flanders took Saint-Ghislain after eight days of siege. Turenne invested Cambrai on 28 May, but the Prince of Condé relieved its garrison and forced the French army to retreat. Only the landing at France of 6,000 soldiers from the <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a> after France allied with the <a href="/wiki/English_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="English Commonwealth">English Commonwealth</a> in March would allow the French to make some gains, namely the capture of <a href="/wiki/Mardyck" title="Mardyck">Mardyck</a>, yet their armies were defeated at Catalonia and Lombardy in the 1657 campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020112_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020112-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rewards_and_promotions">Rewards and promotions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rewards and promotions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rewards were abundant among the Netherlandish noblemen who had fought at Valenciennes. <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Fran%C3%A7ois,_1st_Duke_of_Arenberg" title="Philippe François, 1st Duke of Arenberg">Philippe-François d'Arenberg</a>, who was shot through his hat when he attacked the French lines ahead his German soldiers, was promoted to general on 17 August 1656. Bournonville was given the title of prince by Philip IV on 12 September 1656.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit2014203-204_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagelsmit2014203-204-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maestre de Campo Francisco de Meneses, a commoner and a career soldier with more than thirty years of experience at the theaters of Naples, <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, the Netherlands and Catalonia, was far less fortunate. Despite having played a key role at the defense of Valenciennes, his actions went unnoticed at the Spanish court. After Valenciennes, Meneses led the attack over Saint-Ghislain and fought with great distinction at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dunes_(1658)" title="Battle of the Dunes (1658)">Battle of the Dunes</a>, after he which he went to Madrid to ask for a promotion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGonzález_de_León2009344_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGonzález_de_León2009344-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French ambassador to Philip IV, the <a href="/wiki/Antoine_III_de_Gramont" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine III de Gramont">Duke of Grammont</a>, was surprised by the fact that 'he was so obscure that while we were in Madrid he was not allowed to speak either with the King or with the Admiral of Castille'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGonzález_de_León2009344-355_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGonzález_de_León2009344-355-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_City_Valenciennes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_City_Valenciennes.jpg/300px-The_City_Valenciennes.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_City_Valenciennes.jpg/450px-The_City_Valenciennes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_City_Valenciennes.jpg/600px-The_City_Valenciennes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6066" data-file-height="5239" /></a><figcaption>View of the Battle of Valenciennes, oil on canvas by David Teniers II.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Battle of Valenciennes became the subject poems, songs, artworks, prints, coins, and publications, including several paintings by Flemish artists like <a href="/wiki/David_Teniers_II" class="mw-redirect" title="David Teniers II">David Teniers II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Snayers" class="mw-redirect" title="Pieter Snayers">Pieter Snayers</a>. Teniers, who was the court painter at Brussels, depicted the relief in a canvas using all the topographical, allegorical and rhetorical means of the Baroque imagery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201745_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201745-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commanders of the army, including John Joseph, the Prince of Condé and the Marquis of Caracena, were portrayed along a bust of Philip IV. In the painting, John Joseph appears in horseback, performing a <a href="/wiki/Levade" class="mw-redirect" title="Levade">levade</a>, a position which makes reference to his leadership abilities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrápaga_Monchet20152842-2843_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrápaga_Monchet20152842-2843-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snayers, a celebrated battle artist, was commissioned to depict the battle in a large canvas. It was owned by the <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Bracamonte,_3rd_Count_of_Pe%C3%B1aranda" title="Gaspar de Bracamonte, 3rd Count of Peñaranda">Count of Peñaranda</a>, who had led the Spanish delegation at the Peace of Münster, and, on his death on 1676, it was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Bonaventura_I._Graf_Harrach" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Bonaventura I. Graf Harrach">Ferdinand Bonaventura von Harrach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Imperial</a> ambassador at the Spanish court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez_del_Barrio2008295-296_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez_del_Barrio2008295-296-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The painting was much celebrated, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_rhetoric" title="Chamber of rhetoric">rederijker</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Bie" title="Cornelis de Bie">Cornelis de Bie</a> devoted more space to it in his work <i><a href="/wiki/Het_Gulden_Cabinet" title="Het Gulden Cabinet">Het Gulden Cabinet</a></i> (1662), a collection of biographical sketches of Flemish and Dutch painters, than to any other painting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997142_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997142-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the field of literature, the siege and the battle were sung in <i><a href="/wiki/Epinicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinicia">epinicia</a></i> written by the pupils of the Jesuit colleges in the Netherlands. A theatre play was held at Valenciennes shortly before the relief 'with piquant jokes and sarcasm', as regretted by father <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Annat" title="François Annat">François Annat</a>, confessor of Louis XIV.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelfosse200846-47_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelfosse200846-47-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Next year, a play entitled <i>Josué</i>, meant to praise John Joseph of Austria, was performed at Brussels in a great stage. In 1660, after the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_the_Pyrenees" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of the Pyrenees">Peace of the Pyrenees</a>, Juan Bautista Maldonado, rhetoric teacher at the College of Valenciennes, wrote a long poem entitled <i>Palma Valentianae seu Valentiana liberata</i>, praising Philip IV and John Joseph.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelfosse200847-48_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelfosse200847-48-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medals were another mean to celebrate the triumph. The <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Brabant</a> medallist Waterloos cast a number of them in gold, silver and bronze, intended to be worn around the neck with a ribbon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201427_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201427-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the religious perspective, the Flemish canon and historian <a href="/wiki/Antonius_Sanderus" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonius Sanderus">Antonius Sanderus</a>, offered an explanation for the moment chosen by John Joseph to attack the French lines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201754_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201754-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He emphasized that the Siege of Valenciennes began on 15 June, the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Corpus_Christi" title="Feast of Corpus Christi">Feast of Corpus Christi</a>, and that the French, led by the Protestant Turenne, by starting the siege that day, committed a sacrilege. On the other hand, the Spanish Army launched its attack the same day that the <a href="/wiki/Brussels_massacre" title="Brussels massacre">Eucharistic Miracle of Brussels</a> was celebrated. John Joseph ordered the prayers, processions and ceremonies held at Brussels to be devoted to the success of the relief.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201754_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201754-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The divine intervention is reflected as well in Tenier's painting, where, in the heavens above the battlefield, the Sacrament of Miracle appears beneath an enthroned Mary, amid celestial beams of light and angels with captured French flags,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201752_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201752-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also at Waterloos' medals, which, on the reverse, depicted the reliquary of the Blessed Sacrament of Miracles containing the three hosts, accompanied by an inscription.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201427_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201427-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Spanish Netherlands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020227-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020227_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020227_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020227_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPicouet2020">Picouet 2020</a>, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPicouet2020">Picouet 2020</a>, p. 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBodart190883-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart190883_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart190883_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart190883_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBodart190883_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBodart1908">Bodart 1908</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020231-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020231_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020231_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020231_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020231_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPicouet2020">Picouet 2020</a>, p. 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997140-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997140_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997140_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsrael1997">Israel 1997</a>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007192-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007192_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuiz_Rodríguez2007">Ruiz Rodríguez 2007</a>, p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaffi2006411-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaffi2006411_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaffi2006">Maffi 2006</a>, p. 411.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997127-128-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997127-128_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsrael1997">Israel 1997</a>, p. 127-128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997132-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997132_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsrael1997">Israel 1997</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaffi2006410-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaffi2006410_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaffi2006">Maffi 2006</a>, p. 410.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmigo_Vázquez2018194-196-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmigo_Vázquez2018194-196_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmigo_Vázquez2018">Amigo Vázquez 2018</a>, p. 194-196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997139-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997139_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997139_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsrael1997">Israel 1997</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007185-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007185_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuiz_Rodríguez2007">Ruiz Rodríguez 2007</a>, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmigo_Vázquez2018196-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmigo_Vázquez2018196_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmigo_Vázquez2018">Amigo Vázquez 2018</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007189-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007189_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuiz_Rodríguez2007">Ruiz Rodríguez 2007</a>, p. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020109-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020109_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020109_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPicouet2020">Picouet 2020</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726206-207-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726206-207_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuincy1726">Quincy 1726</a>, p. 206-207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontglat1853314-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontglat1853314_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontglat1853">Montglat 1853</a>, p. 314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007190-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007190_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuiz_Rodríguez2007">Ruiz Rodríguez 2007</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault188974-76-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault188974-76_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHénault1889">Hénault 1889</a>, p. 74-76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726207-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726207_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuincy1726">Quincy 1726</a>, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault188974-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault188974_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHénault1889">Hénault 1889</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726208-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726208_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726208_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuincy1726">Quincy 1726</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault188981,_85-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault188981,_85_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHénault1889">Hénault 1889</a>, p. 81, 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault188988-89-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault188988-89_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHénault1889">Hénault 1889</a>, p. 88-89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault188991-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault188991_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHénault1889">Hénault 1889</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault188993-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault188993_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHénault1889">Hénault 1889</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault1889106-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault1889106_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHénault1889">Hénault 1889</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault1889111-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault1889111_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHénault1889">Hénault 1889</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726209-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726209_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuincy1726">Quincy 1726</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229-230-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020229-230_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPicouet2020">Picouet 2020</a>, p. 229-230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBussy-Rabutin173166-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBussy-Rabutin173166_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBussy-Rabutin1731">Bussy-Rabutin 1731</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBussy-Rabutin173169-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBussy-Rabutin173169_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBussy-Rabutin1731">Bussy-Rabutin 1731</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020230-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020230_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020230_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020230_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPicouet2020">Picouet 2020</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020173-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020173_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPicouet2020">Picouet 2020</a>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault1889148-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault1889148_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHénault1889">Hénault 1889</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726210-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726210_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuincy1726">Quincy 1726</a>, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007191-192-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz_Rodríguez2007191-192_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuiz_Rodríguez2007">Ruiz Rodríguez 2007</a>, p. 191-192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726211-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuincy1726211_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuincy1726">Quincy 1726</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault1889157-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault1889157_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHénault1889">Hénault 1889</a>, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHénault1889153-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHénault1889153_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHénault1889">Hénault 1889</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArblaster201420-21-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArblaster201420-21_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArblaster2014">Arblaster 2014</a>, p. 20-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurloe1742205-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurloe1742205_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThurloe1742">Thurloe 1742</a>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilvela1886112-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilvela1886112_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilvela1886">Silvela 1886</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMotteville185557-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMotteville185557_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMotteville1855">Motteville 1855</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurloe1742199-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurloe1742199_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThurloe1742">Thurloe 1742</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrápaga_Monchet20152842-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrápaga_Monchet20152842_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrápaga_Monchet2015">Trápaga Monchet 2015</a>, p. 2842.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997140-141-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997140-141_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsrael1997">Israel 1997</a>, p. 140-141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontglat1853315-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontglat1853315_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontglat1853">Montglat 1853</a>, p. 315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontglat1853316-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontglat1853316_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMontglat1853">Montglat 1853</a>, p. 316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997141-144-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997141-144_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsrael1997">Israel 1997</a>, p. 141-144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaffi2006410-411-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaffi2006410-411_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaffi2006">Maffi 2006</a>, p. 410-411.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParrott2020270-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParrott2020270_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParrott2020">Parrott 2020</a>, p. 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020112-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPicouet2020112_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPicouet2020">Picouet 2020</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagelsmit2014203-204-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit2014203-204_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagelsmit2014">Nagelsmit 2014</a>, p. 203-204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGonzález_de_León2009344-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGonzález_de_León2009344_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGonzález_de_León2009">González de León 2009</a>, p. 344.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGonzález_de_León2009344-355-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGonzález_de_León2009344-355_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGonzález_de_León2009">González de León 2009</a>, p. 344-355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201745-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201745_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagelsmit2017">Nagelsmit 2017</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrápaga_Monchet20152842-2843-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrápaga_Monchet20152842-2843_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrápaga_Monchet2015">Trápaga Monchet 2015</a>, p. 2842-2843.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez_del_Barrio2008295-296-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez_del_Barrio2008295-296_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartínez_del_Barrio2008">Martínez del Barrio 2008</a>, p. 295-296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997142-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael1997142_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsrael1997">Israel 1997</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelfosse200846-47-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelfosse200846-47_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDelfosse2008">Delfosse 2008</a>, p. 46-47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelfosse200847-48-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelfosse200847-48_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDelfosse2008">Delfosse 2008</a>, p. 47-48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201427-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201427_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201427_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagelsmit2014">Nagelsmit 2014</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201754-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201754_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201754_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagelsmit2017">Nagelsmit 2017</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201752-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagelsmit201752_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagelsmit2017">Nagelsmit 2017</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmigo_Vázquez2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Amigo Vázquez, Lourdes (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24197%2Fihemc.38.2018.187-218">"La otra imagen del héroe. 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Época Moderna y Contemporánea</i> (in Spanish). <b>38</b> (38): 187–218. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24197%2Fihemc.38.2018.187-218">10.24197/ihemc.38.2018.187-218</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239783440">239783440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Investigaciones+Hist%C3%B3ricas.+%C3%89poca+Moderna+y+Contempor%C3%A1nea&rft.atitle=La+otra+imagen+del+h%C3%A9roe.+El+Grand+Cond%C3%A9+como+aliado+del+rey+de+Espa%C3%B1a+%281651-1659%29&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=38&rft.pages=187-218&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.24197%2Fihemc.38.2018.187-218&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239783440%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Amigo+V%C3%A1zquez&rft.aufirst=Lourdes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.24197%252Fihemc.38.2018.187-218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Valenciennes+%281656%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArblaster2014" class="citation book cs1">Arblaster, Paul (2014). <i>From Ghent to Aix: How They Brought the News in the Habsburg Netherlands, 1550-1700</i>. 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Helion & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781911628613" title="Special:BookSources/9781911628613"><bdi>9781911628613</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armies+of+Philip+IV+of+Spain+1621%E2%80%931665.+The+Fight+for+European+Supremacy&rft.pub=Helion+%26+Company&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781911628613&rft.aulast=Picouet&rft.aufirst=Pierre+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Valenciennes+%281656%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuincy1726" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sevin_de_Quincy" title="Charles Sevin de Quincy">Quincy, Charles Sevin</a> (1726). <i>Histoire militaire du règne de Louis-le-Grand, roi de France</i>. Vol. I. Denis Mariette.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+militaire+du+r%C3%A8gne+de+Louis-le-Grand%2C+roi+de+France&rft.pub=Denis+Mariette&rft.date=1726&rft.aulast=Quincy&rft.aufirst=Charles+Sevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Valenciennes+%281656%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuiz_Rodríguez2007" class="citation book cs1">Ruiz Rodríguez, Ignacio (2007). <i>Don Juan José de Austria en la Monarquía Hispánica: Entre la política, el poder y la intriga</i>. Dykinson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788498490299" title="Special:BookSources/9788498490299"><bdi>9788498490299</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Don+Juan+Jos%C3%A9+de+Austria+en+la+Monarqu%C3%ADa+Hisp%C3%A1nica%3A+Entre+la+pol%C3%ADtica%2C+el+poder+y+la+intriga&rft.pub=Dykinson&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9788498490299&rft.aulast=Ruiz+Rodr%C3%ADguez&rft.aufirst=Ignacio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Valenciennes+%281656%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvela1886" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Silvela, Francisco (1886). <i>Cartas de la venerable madre Sor María de Ágreda y del Señor Rey Don Felipe IV</i> (in Spanish). Vol. II. Sucesores de Rivadeneyra.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cartas+de+la+venerable+madre+Sor+Mar%C3%ADa+de+%C3%81greda+y+del+Se%C3%B1or+Rey+Don+Felipe+IV&rft.pub=Sucesores+de+Rivadeneyra&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Silvela&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Valenciennes+%281656%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Stradling, R.A. (1994) <i>Spain's struggle for Europe 1598-1668</i>. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85285-089-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85285-089-0">978-1-85285-089-0</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurloe1742" class="citation book cs1">Thurloe, John (1742). <i>A Collection of the State Papers of John Thurloe, Esq</i>. Executor of Fletcher Gyles.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Collection+of+the+State+Papers+of+John+Thurloe%2C+Esq.&rft.pub=Executor+of+Fletcher+Gyles&rft.date=1742&rft.aulast=Thurloe&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Valenciennes+%281656%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrápaga_Monchet2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Trápaga Monchet, Koldo (2015). "La percepción de don Juan de Austria en Flandes (1656–1659)". In Iglesias Rodríguez, Juan José; Pérez García, Rafael M.; Fernández Chaves, Manuel F. (eds.). <i>Comercio y cultura en la Edad Moderna: actas de la XIII Reunión Científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna. Comunicaciones</i> (in Spanish). Universidad de Sevilla. pp. 2839–2852. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-472-1746-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-472-1746-5"><bdi>978-84-472-1746-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=La+percepci%C3%B3n+de+don+Juan+de+Austria+en+Flandes+%281656%E2%80%931659%29&rft.btitle=Comercio+y+cultura+en+la+Edad+Moderna%3A+actas+de+la+XIII+Reuni%C3%B3n+Cient%C3%ADfica+de+la+Fundaci%C3%B3n+Espa%C3%B1ola+de+Historia+Moderna.+Comunicaciones&rft.pages=2839-2852&rft.pub=Universidad+de+Sevilla&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-84-472-1746-5&rft.aulast=Tr%C3%A1paga+Monchet&rft.aufirst=Koldo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Valenciennes+%281656%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)&params=50.3581_N_3.5233_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°21′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°31′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.3581°N 3.5233°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.3581; 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