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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LEDs_and_lasers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>LEDs and lasers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LEDs_and_lasers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transistors_and_power_ICs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transistors_and_power_ICs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Transistors and power ICs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transistors_and_power_ICs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Radars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nanoscale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nanoscale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Nanoscale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nanoscale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spintronics_potential" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spintronics_potential"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Spintronics potential</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spintronics_potential-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synthesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Synthesis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Synthesis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Synthesis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Synthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bulk_substrates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulk_substrates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Bulk substrates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulk_substrates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metal-organic_vapour_phase_epitaxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metal-organic_vapour_phase_epitaxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metal-organic_vapour_phase_epitaxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Molecular_beam_epitaxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molecular_beam_epitaxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Molecular beam epitaxy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molecular_beam_epitaxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliumnitried" title="Galliumnitried – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Galliumnitried" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="نتريد الغاليوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نتريد الغاليوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="نیترید قالیوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیترید قالیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrur_de_gal%C2%B7li" title="Nitrur de gal·li – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nitrur de gal·li" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliumnitrid" title="Galliumnitrid – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Galliumnitrid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliumnitriid" title="Galliumnitriid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Galliumnitriid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitruro_de_galio" title="Nitruro de galio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nitruro de galio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="نیترید گالیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیترید گالیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrure_de_gallium" title="Nitrure de gallium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nitrure de gallium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%88%ED%99%94_%EA%B0%88%EB%A5%A8" title="질화 갈륨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="질화 갈륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1" title="गैलियम नाइट्राइड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गैलियम नाइट्राइड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitruro_di_gallio" title="Nitruro di gallio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nitruro di gallio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93" title="גליום ניטריד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גליום ניטריד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliumnitride" title="Galliumnitride – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Galliumnitride" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AA%92%E5%8C%96%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="窒化ガリウム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="窒化ガリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotek_galu" title="Azotek galu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azotek galu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitreto_de_g%C3%A1lio" title="Nitreto de gálio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nitreto de gálio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нитрид галлия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нитрид галлия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galijum_nitrid" title="Galijum nitrid – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Galijum nitrid" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galijum_nitrid" title="Galijum nitrid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Galijum nitrid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliumnitridi" title="Galliumnitridi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Galliumnitridi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliumnitrid" title="Galliumnitrid – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Galliumnitrid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="காலியம் நைட்ரைடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காலியம் நைட்ரைடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8E" title="Нітрид галію – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нітрид галію" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gali_nitride" title="Gali nitride – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gali nitride" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E5%8C%96%E9%8E%B5" title="氮化鎵 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氮化鎵" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Gallium nitride, the chemical compound. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gan (disambiguation)">Gan</a>.</div> <p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1268415487">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> </p> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Gallium nitride </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GaNcrystal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/GaNcrystal.jpg/220px-GaNcrystal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/GaNcrystal.jpg/330px-GaNcrystal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/GaNcrystal.jpg/440px-GaNcrystal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="210" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GaN_Wurtzite_polyhedra.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/GaN_Wurtzite_polyhedra.png/220px-GaN_Wurtzite_polyhedra.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/GaN_Wurtzite_polyhedra.png/330px-GaN_Wurtzite_polyhedra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/GaN_Wurtzite_polyhedra.png/440px-GaN_Wurtzite_polyhedra.png 2x" data-file-width="1588" data-file-height="1338" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Gallium nitride</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">gallium(III) nitride</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=25617-97-4">25617-97-4</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BGa%5D%23N">Interactive image</a></span></li><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BGa%2B3%5D.%5BN-3%5D">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.105057.html">105057</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.042.830">100.042.830</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411713#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/=">LW9640000 = LW9640000</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/1R9CC3P9VL">1R9CC3P9VL</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID2067111">DTXSID2067111</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411713#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/Ga.N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/Ga.N/rGaN/c1-2</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: JMASRVWKEDWRBT-MDMVGGKAAI</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">[Ga]#N</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">[Ga+3].[N-3]</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td>GaN  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td>83.730 g/mol<sup id="cite_ref-b92_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b92-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>    </td></tr> <tr> <td>Appearance </td> <td>yellow powder </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> </td> <td>6.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup><sup id="cite_ref-b92_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b92-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> </td> <td>> 1600 °C<sup id="cite_ref-b92_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b92-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-melting_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-melting-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></div> </td> <td>Insoluble<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Band_gap" title="Band gap">Band gap</a> </td> <td>3.4 eV (300 K, direct) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Electron_mobility" title="Electron mobility">Electron mobility</a> </td> <td>1500 cm<sup>2</sup>/(V·s) (300 K)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal conductivity">Thermal conductivity</a> </td> <td>1.3 W/(cm·K) (300 K)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</a> (<i>n</i><sub>D</sub>)</div> </td> <td>2.429 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Structure </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystal structure</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wurtzite_(crystal_structure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wurtzite (crystal structure)">Wurtzite</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Space_group" title="Space group">Space group</a></div> </td> <td><i>C</i><sub>6v</sub><sup>4</sup>-<i>P</i>6<sub>3</sub><i>mc</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Lattice_constant" title="Lattice constant">Lattice constant</a></div> </td> <td><div><i>a</i> = 318.6 pm, <i>c</i> = 518.6 pm<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Coordination_geometry" title="Coordination geometry">Coordination geometry</a></div> </td> <td>Tetrahedral </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Thermochemistry </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_change_of_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard enthalpy change of formation">Std enthalpy of<br />formation</a> <span style="font-size:112%;">(Δ<sub>f</sub><i>H</i><sup>⦵</sup><sub>298</sub>)</span></div> </td> <td>−110.2 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-b92t_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b92t-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Hazards </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals"><b>GHS</b> labelling</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_pictograms" title="GHS hazard pictograms">Pictograms</a></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS07: Exclamation mark"><img alt="GHS07: Exclamation mark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals#Signal_word" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">Signal word</a></div> </td> <td><b>Warning</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_statements" title="GHS hazard statements">Hazard statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction">H317</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_precautionary_statements" title="GHS precautionary statements">Precautionary statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.">P261</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P272: Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.">P272</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.">P280</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with soap and water.">P302+P352</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P321: Specific treatment (see ... on this label).">P321</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P333+P313: If skin irritation or a rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.">P333+P313</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...">P501</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704"><b>NFPA 704</b></a> (fire diamond) </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1170367383">.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-ref{float:right;padding:1px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container{width:82px;font-family:sans-serif;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref{float:left;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-images{float:left;font-size:20px;text-align:center;position:relative;height:80px;width:80px;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-map{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond .noresize{margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code{line-height:1em;text-align:center;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code>a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-blue{width:13px;top:31px;left:15px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-red{width:12px;top:12px;left:35px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-yellow{width:13px;top:31px;left:54px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-image{position:relative;top:51px;left:0}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;line-height:80%;position:absolute;top:52px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text a>span{position:absolute;color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors{font-size:15px;width:23px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wox{font-size:15px;font-stretch:condensed;width:21px;line-height:80%;top:-4px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-abcp{font-size:13.5px;font-stretch:condensed;width:28px;left:26px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-ac{font-size:10px;width:30px;left:25px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-strike{text-decoration:line-through}</style><div class="nfpa-704-diamond notheme"><div class="nfpa-74-diamond-refs"><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-container nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-images nounderlines"> <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-map"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" usemap="#ImageMap_b27845110d7e52b0" /></span><map name="ImageMap_b27845110d7e52b0"><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" shape="poly" coords="23,23,47,47,23,70,0,47" alt="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" title="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" shape="poly" coords="47,0,70,23,47,47,23,23" alt="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" shape="poly" coords="70,23,94,47,70,70,47,47" alt="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" title="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" shape="poly" coords="47,47,70,70,47,94,23,70" alt="Special hazards (white): no code" title="Special hazards (white): no code" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-blue"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" class="notheme mw-no-invert">2</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-red"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" class="notheme mw-no-invert">0</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-yellow"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" class="notheme mw-no-invert">0</span></a></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flash_point" title="Flash point">Flash point</a> </td> <td>Non-flammable </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a> (SDS) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sigma-Aldrich" title="Sigma-Aldrich">Sigma-Aldrich Co.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/481769">Gallium nitride</a>. Retrieved on 18 February 2024. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Related compounds </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">anions</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gallium_phosphide" title="Gallium phosphide">Gallium phosphide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gallium_arsenide" title="Gallium arsenide">Gallium arsenide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gallium_antimonide" title="Gallium antimonide">Gallium antimonide</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">cations</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boron_nitride" title="Boron nitride">Boron nitride</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_nitride" title="Aluminium nitride">Aluminium nitride</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indium_nitride" title="Indium nitride">Indium nitride</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related compounds</div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_arsenide" title="Aluminium gallium arsenide">Aluminium gallium arsenide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indium_gallium_arsenide" title="Indium gallium arsenide">Indium gallium arsenide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gallium_arsenide_phosphide" title="Gallium arsenide phosphide">Gallium arsenide phosphide</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_nitride" title="Aluminium gallium nitride">Aluminium gallium nitride</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indium_gallium_nitride" title="Indium gallium nitride">Indium gallium nitride</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; color:inherit; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/12px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/24px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=476994965&page2=Gallium+nitride">verify</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">what is</a> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?) </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>Gallium nitride</b> (<b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a></span></b>) is a binary <a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">III</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen group">V</a> <a href="/wiki/Direct_bandgap" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct bandgap">direct bandgap</a> <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> commonly used in blue <a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">light-emitting diodes</a> since the 1990s. The <a href="/wiki/Compound_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound (chemistry)">compound</a> is a very hard material that has a <a href="/wiki/Wurtzite_crystal_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Wurtzite crystal structure">Wurtzite crystal structure</a>. Its wide <a href="/wiki/Band_gap" title="Band gap">band gap</a> of 3.4 <a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">eV</a> affords it <a href="/wiki/Wide-bandgap_semiconductor#Materials_properties" title="Wide-bandgap semiconductor">special properties</a> for applications in <a href="/wiki/Optoelectronic" class="mw-redirect" title="Optoelectronic">optoelectronics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> high-power and high-frequency devices. For example, GaN is the substrate that makes violet (405 nm) laser diodes possible, without requiring nonlinear optical <a href="/wiki/Second-harmonic_generation" title="Second-harmonic generation">frequency doubling</a>. </p><p>Its sensitivity to <a href="/wiki/Ionizing_radiation" title="Ionizing radiation">ionizing radiation</a> is low (like other <a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">group III</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitride" title="Nitride">nitrides</a>), making it a suitable material for <a href="/wiki/Solar_cell" title="Solar cell">solar cell</a> arrays for <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellites</a>. Military and space applications could also benefit as <a href="/wiki/Radiation_hardening" title="Radiation hardening">devices have shown stability in high radiation environments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because GaN transistors can operate at much higher temperatures and work at much higher voltages than <a href="/wiki/Gallium_arsenide" title="Gallium arsenide">gallium arsenide</a> (GaAs) transistors, they make ideal power amplifiers at microwave frequencies. In addition, GaN offers promising characteristics for <a href="/wiki/Terahertz_radiation" title="Terahertz radiation">THz</a> devices.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to high power density and voltage breakdown limits GaN is also emerging as a promising candidate for 5G cellular base station applications. Since the early 2020s, GaN power transistors have come into increasing use in <a href="/wiki/Power_supply" title="Power supply">power supplies</a> in electronic equipment, converting <a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">AC</a> <a href="/wiki/Mains_electricity" title="Mains electricity">mains electricity</a> to low-voltage <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">DC</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_properties">Physical properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Physical properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal-GaN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Crystal-GaN.jpg/220px-Crystal-GaN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Crystal-GaN.jpg/330px-Crystal-GaN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Crystal-GaN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>GaN crystal</figcaption></figure> <p>GaN is a very hard (<a href="/wiki/Knoop_hardness_test" title="Knoop hardness test">Knoop hardness</a> 14.21 GPa<sup id="cite_ref-GaNRZ_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GaNRZ-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup>), mechanically stable <a href="/wiki/Wide-bandgap_semiconductor" title="Wide-bandgap semiconductor">wide-bandgap semiconductor</a> material with high <a href="/wiki/Heat_capacity" title="Heat capacity">heat capacity</a> and thermal conductivity.<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.1143/JJAP.36.5393_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.1143/JJAP.36.5393-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its pure form it resists cracking and can be deposited in <a href="/wiki/Thin_film" title="Thin film">thin film</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sapphire" title="Sapphire">sapphire</a> or <a href="/wiki/Silicon_carbide" title="Silicon carbide">silicon carbide</a>, despite the mismatch in their <a href="/wiki/Lattice_constant" title="Lattice constant">lattice constants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.1143/JJAP.36.5393_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.1143/JJAP.36.5393-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GaN can be <a href="/wiki/Dopant" title="Dopant">doped</a> with <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> (Si) or with <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a><sup id="cite_ref-ostidDE97001220_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ostidDE97001220-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/N-type_semiconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="N-type semiconductor">n-type</a> and with magnesium (Mg) to <a href="/wiki/P-type_semiconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="P-type semiconductor">p-type</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.1143/JJAP.28.L2112_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.1143/JJAP.28.L2112-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Si and Mg atoms change the way the GaN crystals grow, introducing <a href="/wiki/Tensile_stress" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensile stress">tensile stresses</a> and making them brittle.<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.1143/JJAP.40.L195_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.1143/JJAP.40.L195-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> <a href="/wiki/Nitride" title="Nitride">nitride</a> compounds also tend to have a high <a href="/wiki/Dislocation" title="Dislocation">dislocation</a> density, on the order of 10<sup>8</sup> to 10<sup>10</sup> defects per square centimeter.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Research_Laboratory" title="United States Army Research Laboratory">U.S. Army Research Laboratory</a> (ARL) provided the first measurement of the high field electron <a href="/wiki/Velocity" title="Velocity">velocity</a> in GaN in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientists at ARL experimentally obtained a peak <a href="/wiki/Steady_state" title="Steady state">steady-state</a> velocity of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005190000000000000♠"></span>1.9<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>7</sup> cm/s</span>, with a <a href="/wiki/Transient_state" title="Transient state">transit</a> time of 2.5 picoseconds, attained at an <a href="/wiki/Electric_field" title="Electric field">electric field</a> of 225 kV/cm. With this information, the <a href="/wiki/Electron_mobility" title="Electron mobility">electron mobility</a> was calculated, thus providing data for the design of GaN devices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Developments">Developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the earliest syntheses of gallium nitride was at the George Herbert Jones Laboratory in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early synthesis of gallium nitride was by Robert Juza and Harry Hahn in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>GaN with a high crystalline quality can be obtained by depositing a buffer layer at low temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such high-quality GaN led to the discovery of p-type GaN,<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.1143/JJAP.28.L2112_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.1143/JJAP.28.L2112-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> p–n junction blue/UV-<a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LEDs</a><sup id="cite_ref-doi10.1143/JJAP.28.L2112_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.1143/JJAP.28.L2112-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and room-temperature stimulated emission<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.1143/JJAP.29.L205_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.1143/JJAP.29.L205-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (essential for laser action).<sup id="cite_ref-doi10.7567/JJAP.34.L1517_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doi10.7567/JJAP.34.L1517-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has led to the commercialization of high-performance blue LEDs and long-lifetime violet laser diodes, and to the development of nitride-based devices such as UV detectors and high-speed <a href="/wiki/Field-effect_transistor" title="Field-effect transistor">field-effect transistors</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LEDs">LEDs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: LEDs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>High-brightness GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) completed the range of primary colors, and made possible applications such as daylight-visible full-color LED displays, white LEDs and blue <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> devices. The first GaN-based high-brightness LEDs used a thin film of GaN deposited via <a href="/wiki/Metalorganic_vapour-phase_epitaxy" title="Metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy">metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy</a> (MOVPE) on <a href="/wiki/Sapphire" title="Sapphire">sapphire</a>. Other substrates used are <a href="/wiki/Zinc_oxide" title="Zinc oxide">zinc oxide</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Lattice_constant" title="Lattice constant">lattice constant</a> mismatch of only 2% and <a href="/wiki/Silicon_carbide" title="Silicon carbide">silicon carbide</a> (SiC).<sup id="cite_ref-review_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-review-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Group III nitride semiconductors are, in general, recognized as one of the most promising semiconductor families for fabricating optical devices in the visible short-wavelength and UV region.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GaN_transistors_and_power_ICs">GaN transistors and power ICs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: GaN transistors and power ICs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The very high <a href="/wiki/Breakdown_voltages" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakdown voltages">breakdown voltages</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> high <a href="/wiki/Electron_mobility" title="Electron mobility">electron mobility</a>, and high <a href="/wiki/Saturation_velocity" title="Saturation velocity">saturation velocity</a> of GaN has made it an ideal candidate for high-power and high-temperature microwave applications, as evidenced by its high <a href="/wiki/Johnson%27s_figure_of_merit" title="Johnson's figure of merit">Johnson's figure of merit</a>. Potential markets for high-power/high-frequency devices based on GaN include <a href="/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">microwave</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio-frequency">radio-frequency</a> power amplifiers (e.g., those used in high-speed wireless data transmission) and high-voltage switching devices for power grids. A potential mass-market application for GaN-based RF <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistors</a> is as the microwave source for <a href="/wiki/Microwave_oven" title="Microwave oven">microwave ovens</a>, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Magnetron" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetron">magnetrons</a> currently used. The large band gap means that the performance of GaN transistors is maintained up to higher temperatures (~400 °C<sup id="cite_ref-GS-WGN_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GS-WGN-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) than silicon transistors (~150 °C<sup id="cite_ref-GS-WGN_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GS-WGN-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) because it lessens the effects of <a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity#In_semiconductors_and_insulators" title="Electrical resistivity and conductivity">thermal generation of charge carriers</a> that are inherent to any semiconductor. The first gallium nitride metal semiconductor field-effect transistors (GaN <a href="/wiki/MESFET" title="MESFET">MESFET</a>) were experimentally demonstrated in 1993<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they are being actively developed. </p><p>In 2010, the first <a href="/wiki/Enhancement-mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhancement-mode">enhancement-mode</a> GaN transistors became generally available.<sup id="cite_ref-EPC-EM-2010_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPC-EM-2010-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only n-channel transistors were available.<sup id="cite_ref-EPC-EM-2010_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPC-EM-2010-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These devices were designed to replace power MOSFETs in applications where switching speed or power conversion efficiency is critical. These transistors are built by growing a thin layer of GaN on top of a standard silicon wafer, often referred to as <i>GaN-on-Si</i> by manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allows the FETs to maintain costs similar to silicon power MOSFETs but with the superior electrical performance of GaN. Another seemingly viable solution for realizing enhancement-mode GaN-channel HFETs is to employ a lattice-matched quaternary AlInGaN layer of acceptably low spontaneous polarization mismatch to GaN.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>GaN power ICs monolithically integrate a GaN FET, GaN-based drive circuitry and circuit protection into a single surface-mount device.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Integration means that the gate-drive loop has essentially zero impedance, which further improves efficiency by virtually eliminating FET turn-off losses. Academic studies into creating low-voltage GaN power ICs began at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) and the first devices were demonstrated in 2015. Commercial GaN power IC production began in 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CMOS_logic">CMOS logic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: CMOS logic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2016 the first GaN <a href="/wiki/CMOS_logic" class="mw-redirect" title="CMOS logic">CMOS logic</a> using PMOS and NMOS transistors was reported with gate lengths of 0.5 μm (gate widths of the PMOS and NMOS transistors were 500 μm and 50 μm, respectively).<sup id="cite_ref-sct-2016-cmos_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sct-2016-cmos-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LEDs_and_lasers">LEDs and lasers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: LEDs and lasers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GaN-based violet <a href="/wiki/Laser_diode" title="Laser diode">laser diodes</a> are used to read <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc" class="mw-redirect" title="Blu-ray Disc">Blu-ray Discs</a>. The mixture of GaN with <a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indium_gallium_nitride" title="Indium gallium nitride">InGaN</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_nitride" title="Aluminium gallium nitride">AlGaN</a>) with a band gap dependent on the ratio of In or Al to GaN allows the manufacture of light-emitting diodes (<a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LEDs</a>) with colors that can go from red to ultra-violet.<sup id="cite_ref-review_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-review-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transistors_and_power_ICs">Transistors and power ICs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transistors and power ICs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FBH_GaN_High_electron_mobility_transistor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/FBH_GaN_High_electron_mobility_transistor.jpg/220px-FBH_GaN_High_electron_mobility_transistor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/FBH_GaN_High_electron_mobility_transistor.jpg/330px-FBH_GaN_High_electron_mobility_transistor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/FBH_GaN_High_electron_mobility_transistor.jpg/440px-FBH_GaN_High_electron_mobility_transistor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>GaN <a href="/wiki/High-electron-mobility_transistor" title="High-electron-mobility transistor">high-electron-mobility transistors</a> (manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand-Braun-Institut" title="Ferdinand-Braun-Institut">Ferdinand-Braun-Institut</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>GaN transistors are suitable for high frequency, high voltage, high temperature and high-efficiency applications.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GaN is efficient at transferring current, and this ultimately means that less energy is lost to heat. <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>GaN <a href="/wiki/High-electron-mobility_transistor" title="High-electron-mobility transistor">high-electron-mobility transistors</a> (HEMT) have been offered commercially since 2006, and have found immediate use in various wireless infrastructure applications due to their high efficiency and high voltage operation. A second generation of devices with shorter gate lengths will address higher-frequency telecom and aerospace applications.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>GaN-based metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (<a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a>) and metal–semiconductor field-effect transistors (<a href="/wiki/MESFET" title="MESFET">MESFET</a>) also offer advantages including lower loss in high power electronics, especially in automotive and electric car applications.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis2009_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis2009-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2008 these can be formed on a silicon substrate.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis2009_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis2009-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High-voltage (800 V) <a href="/wiki/Schottky_barrier_diode" class="mw-redirect" title="Schottky barrier diode">Schottky barrier diodes</a> (SBDs) have also been made.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis2009_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis2009-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The higher efficiency and high power density of integrated GaN power ICs allows them to reduce the size, weight and component count of applications including mobile and laptop chargers, consumer electronics, computing equipment and electric vehicles. </p><p>GaN-based electronics (not pure GaN) have the potential to drastically cut energy consumption, not only in consumer applications but even for <a href="/wiki/Power_transmission" title="Power transmission">power transmission</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility">utilities</a>. </p><p>Unlike silicon transistors that switch off due to power surges,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="A 'power surge' in this context makes no sense. (May 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> GaN transistors are typically <a href="/wiki/Depletion_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Depletion mode">depletion mode</a> devices (i.e. on / resistive when the gate-source voltage is zero). Several methods have been proposed to reach normally-off (or E-mode) operation, which is necessary for use in power electronics:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>the implantation of fluorine ions under the gate (the negative charge of the F-ions favors the depletion of the channel)</li> <li>the use of a MIS-type gate stack, with recess of the AlGaN</li> <li>the integration of a cascaded pair constituted by a normally-on GaN transistor and a low voltage silicon MOSFET</li> <li>the use of a p-type layer on top of the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radars">Radars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Radars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GaN technology is also utilized in military electronics such as <a href="/wiki/Active_electronically_scanned_array" title="Active electronically scanned array">active electronically scanned array</a> radars.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thales_Group" title="Thales Group">Thales Group</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/Ground_Master_400" title="Ground Master 400">Ground Master 400</a> radar in 2010 utilizing GaN technology. In 2021 Thales put in operation more than 50,000 GaN Transmitters on radar systems.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> funded <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> to incorporate GaN active-device technology into the <a href="/wiki/AN/TPQ-53_Quick_Reaction_Capability_Radar" title="AN/TPQ-53 Quick Reaction Capability Radar">AN/TPQ-53</a> radar system to replace two medium-range radar systems, the <a href="/wiki/AN/TPQ-36_Firefinder_radar" title="AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder radar">AN/TPQ-36</a> and the <a href="/wiki/AN/TPQ-37_Firefinder_radar" title="AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder radar">AN/TPQ-37</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mwrf.com_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mwrf.com-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AN/TPQ-53 radar system was designed to detect, classify, track, and locate enemy indirect fire systems, as well as unmanned aerial systems.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AN/TPQ-53 radar system provided enhanced performance, greater mobility, increased reliability and supportability, lower life-cycle cost, and reduced crew size compared to the AN/TPQ-36 and the AN/TPQ-37 systems.<sup id="cite_ref-mwrf.com_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mwrf.com-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lockheed Martin fielded other tactical operational radars with GaN technology in 2018, including <a href="/wiki/FPS-117#AN/TPS-77" class="mw-redirect" title="FPS-117">TPS-77 Multi Role Radar System</a> deployed to <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Lockheed Martin's partner <a href="/wiki/Elta_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Elta Systems">ELTA Systems Limited</a>, developed a GaN-based <a href="/wiki/EL/M-2084" title="EL/M-2084">ELM-2084</a> Multi Mission Radar that was able to detect and track air craft and ballistic targets, while providing fire control guidance for missile interception or air defense artillery. </p><p>On April 8, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Saab_AB" title="Saab AB">Saab</a> flight tested its new GaN designed <a href="/wiki/Active_electronically_scanned_array" title="Active electronically scanned array">AESA</a> <a href="/wiki/X_band" title="X band">X-band</a> radar in a <a href="/wiki/Saab_JAS_39_Gripen" title="Saab JAS 39 Gripen">JAS-39 Gripen</a> fighter.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saab already offers products with GaN based radars, like the <a href="/wiki/Giraffe_radar" title="Giraffe radar">Giraffe radar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erieye" title="Erieye">Erieye</a>, <a href="/wiki/GlobalEye" title="GlobalEye">GlobalEye</a>, and Arexis EW.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saab also delivers major subsystems, assemblies and software for the <a href="/wiki/AN/TPS-80_Ground/Air_Task_Oriented_Radar" title="AN/TPS-80 Ground/Air Task Oriented Radar">AN/TPS-80 (G/ATOR)</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>India's <a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisation" title="Defence Research and Development Organisation">Defence Research and Development Organisation</a> is developing <a href="/wiki/Uttam_AESA_Radar#Virupaakhsha" title="Uttam AESA Radar">Virupaakhsha</a> radar for <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30MKI" title="Sukhoi Su-30MKI">Sukhoi Su-30MKI</a> based on GaN technology. The radar is a further development of <a href="/wiki/Uttam_AESA_Radar" title="Uttam AESA Radar">Uttam AESA Radar</a> for use on <a href="/wiki/HAL_Tejas" title="HAL Tejas">HAL Tejas</a> which employs <a href="/wiki/Gallium_arsenide" title="Gallium arsenide">GaAs</a> technology. <sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nanoscale">Nanoscale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nanoscale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gallium_nitride_nanotube" title="Gallium nitride nanotube">GaN nanotubes</a> and nanowires are proposed for applications in nanoscale <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a>, optoelectronics and biochemical-sensing applications.<sup id="cite_ref-nanotube_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nanotube-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zhao2018III_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhao2018III-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spintronics_potential">Spintronics potential</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Spintronics potential"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When doped with a suitable <a href="/wiki/Transition_metal" title="Transition metal">transition metal</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, GaN is a promising <a href="/wiki/Spintronics" title="Spintronics">spintronics</a> material (<a href="/wiki/Magnetic_semiconductor" title="Magnetic semiconductor">magnetic semiconductors</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-review_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-review-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synthesis">Synthesis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Synthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulk_substrates">Bulk substrates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bulk substrates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GaN crystals can be grown from a molten Na/Ga melt held under 100 atmospheres of pressure of N<sub>2</sub> at 750 °C. As Ga will not react with N<sub>2</sub> below 1000 °C, the powder must be made from something more reactive, usually in one of the following ways: </p> <dl><dd>2 Ga + 2 NH<sub>3</sub> → 2 GaN + 3 H<sub>2</sub><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 2 NH<sub>3</sub> → 2 GaN + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Gallium nitride can also be synthesized by injecting ammonia gas into molten gallium at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003117315000000000♠"></span>900–980 °C</span> at normal atmospheric pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metal-organic_vapour_phase_epitaxy">Metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blue, white and ultraviolet <a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">LEDs</a> are grown on industrial scale by <a href="/wiki/Metalorganic_vapour-phase_epitaxy" title="Metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy">metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy (MOVPE)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The precursors are <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> with either <a href="/wiki/Trimethylgallium" title="Trimethylgallium">trimethylgallium</a> or <a href="/wiki/Triethylgallium" title="Triethylgallium">triethylgallium</a>, the carrier gas being <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>. Growth temperature ranges between <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003107315000000000♠"></span>800 and 1100 °C</span>. Introduction of <a href="/wiki/Trimethylaluminium" title="Trimethylaluminium">trimethylaluminium</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Trimethylindium" title="Trimethylindium">trimethylindium</a> is necessary for growing quantum wells and other kinds of <a href="/wiki/Heterostructure" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterostructure">heterostructures</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Molecular_beam_epitaxy">Molecular beam epitaxy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Molecular beam epitaxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commercially, GaN crystals can be grown using <a href="/wiki/Molecular_beam_epitaxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular beam epitaxy">molecular beam epitaxy</a> or MOVPE. This process can be further modified to reduce dislocation densities. First, an ion beam is applied to the growth surface in order to create nanoscale roughness. Then, the surface is polished. This process takes place in a vacuum. Polishing methods typically employ a liquid electrolyte and UV irradiation to enable mechanical removal of a thin oxide layer from the wafer. More recent methods have been developed that utilize solid-state <a href="/wiki/Polymer_electrolytes" title="Polymer electrolytes">polymer electrolytes</a> that are solvent-free and require no radiation before polishing.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GaN dust is an irritant to skin, eyes and lungs. The environment, health and safety aspects of gallium nitride sources (such as <a href="/wiki/Trimethylgallium" title="Trimethylgallium">trimethylgallium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a>) and industrial hygiene monitoring studies of <a href="/wiki/MOVPE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOVPE">MOVPE</a> sources have been reported in a 2004 review.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bulk GaN is non-toxic and <a href="/wiki/Biocompatible" class="mw-redirect" title="Biocompatible">biocompatible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, it may be used in the electrodes and electronics of implants in living organisms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schottky_diode" title="Schottky diode">Schottky diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiconductor devices">Semiconductor devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular-beam_epitaxy" title="Molecular-beam epitaxy">Molecular-beam epitaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaxy" title="Epitaxy">Epitaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">Lithium-ion battery</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-b92-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b92_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b92_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b92_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHaynes2011" class="citation book cs1">Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). <i><a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a></i> (92nd ed.). 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North Carolina State University</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_nitride&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gallium(−V)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentamagnesium_digallide" title="Pentamagnesium digallide">Mg<sub>5</sub>Ga<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gallium(I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(I)_oxide" title="Gallium(I) oxide">Ga<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium_halides#Monohalides" title="Gallium halides">GaCl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium_halides#Monohalides" title="Gallium halides">GaBr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium_monoiodide" title="Gallium monoiodide">GaI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gallium(II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(II)_sulfide" title="Gallium(II) sulfide">GaS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(II)_selenide" title="Gallium(II) selenide">GaSe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(II)_telluride" title="Gallium(II) telluride">GaTe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gallium(I,III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallium_halides#Intermediate_halides" title="Gallium halides">GaCl<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gallium(III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallium_arsenide" title="Gallium arsenide">GaAs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallane" title="Gallane">GaH<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digallane" title="Digallane">Ga<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_bromide" title="Gallium(III) bromide">GaBr<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium_trichloride" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium trichloride">GaCl<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_fluoride" title="Gallium(III) fluoride">GaF<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_iodide" title="Gallium(III) iodide">GaI<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GaN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_hydroxide" title="Gallium(III) hydroxide">Ga(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_cyanide" title="Gallium(III) cyanide">Ga(CN)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium_nitrate" title="Gallium nitrate">Ga(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_sulfate" title="Gallium(III) sulfate">Ga<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium_phosphate" title="Gallium phosphate">GaPO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium_phosphide" title="Gallium phosphide">GaP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium_antimonide" title="Gallium antimonide">GaSb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_oxide" title="Gallium(III) oxide">Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_sulfide" title="Gallium(III) sulfide">Ga<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_selenide" title="Gallium(III) selenide">Ga<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium_acetate" title="Gallium acetate">Ga(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium(III)_telluride" title="Gallium(III) telluride">Ga<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub></a></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Organogallium(III)_compounds56" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organogallium_chemistry" title="Organogallium chemistry">Organogallium(III) compounds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallium_acetylacetonate" title="Gallium acetylacetonate">Ga(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>7</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimethylgallium" title="Trimethylgallium">Ga(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triethylgallium" title="Triethylgallium">Ga(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_nitride_ion125" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;table-layout:fixed;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nitrides" title="Template:Nitrides"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nitrides" title="Template talk:Nitrides"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nitrides" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nitrides"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_nitride_ion125" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Salts and covalent derivatives of the <a href="/wiki/Nitride" title="Nitride">nitride</a> ion</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="overflow-x:auto"> <table class="center"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hydrazine" title="Hydrazine"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hydridonitride" title="Hydridonitride">+H</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Inorganic_imide" title="Inorganic imide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">HN<sup>2−</sup></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Azanide" title="Azanide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>N<sup class="template-chem2-sup">−</sup></span></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="11" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="5"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Helium_compounds#Small_molecule" title="Helium compounds"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">He(N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">11</sub></span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithium_nitride" title="Lithium nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Li<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lithium_azide" title="Lithium azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">LiN<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_nitride" title="Beryllium nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Be<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_azide" title="Beryllium azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Be(N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boron_nitride" title="Boron nitride">BN</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitridoborate" title="Nitridoborate">-B</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dicyanoacetylene" title="Dicyanoacetylene"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cyanogen" title="Cyanogen"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Carbon_nitride" title="Β-Carbon nitride">β-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Graphitic_carbon_nitride" title="Graphitic carbon nitride">g-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carbon_nitride" title="Carbon nitride">C<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span></sub>N<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span></sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_oxide" title="Nitrogen oxide">N<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span></sub>O<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span></sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Oxynitride" title="Oxynitride">+O</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fluorine_azide" title="Fluorine azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>F</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_difluoride" title="Dinitrogen difluoride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>F<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tetrafluorohydrazine" title="Tetrafluorohydrazine"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>F<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trifluoride" title="Nitrogen trifluoride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitride_fluoride" title="Nitride fluoride">+F</a> </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitride" title="Sodium nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Na<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sodium_azide" title="Sodium azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NaN<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_nitride" title="Magnesium nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Mg<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_azide" title="Magnesium azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Mg(N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_nitride" title="Aluminium nitride">AlN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silicon_nitride" title="Silicon nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Si<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitridosilicate" title="Nitridosilicate">-Si</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_mononitride" title="Phosphorus mononitride">PN</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Triphosphorus_pentanitride" title="Triphosphorus pentanitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">P<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitridophosphate" title="Nitridophosphate">-P</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_nitride" title="Sulfur nitride">S<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span></sub>N<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span></sub></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_mononitride" title="Sulfur mononitride">SN</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Disulfur_dinitride" title="Disulfur dinitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">S<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tetrasulfur_tetranitride" title="Tetrasulfur tetranitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">S<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_diimide" title="Sulfur diimide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">SN<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_trichloride" title="Nitrogen trichloride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">NCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_azide" title="Chlorine azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">ClN<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitride_chloride" title="Nitride chloride">+Cl</a> </td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitride" title="Potassium nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Potassium_azide" title="Potassium azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">KN<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium_nitride" title="Calcium nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ca<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Calcium_azide" title="Calcium azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ca(N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandium_nitride" title="Scandium nitride">ScN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titanium_nitride" title="Titanium nitride">TiN</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titanium(IV)_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titanium(IV) nitride (page does not exist)"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ti<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadium_nitride" title="Vanadium nitride">VN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromium_nitride" title="Chromium nitride">CrN</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dichromium_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dichromium nitride (page does not exist)"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>N</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese_nitrides" title="Manganese nitrides">Mn<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span></sub>N<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span></sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron_nitrides" title="Iron nitrides">Fe<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span></sub>N<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span></sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobalt_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobalt nitride (page does not exist)"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Co<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nickel_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nickel nitride (page does not exist)"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ni<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copper(I)_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copper(I) nitride (page does not exist)"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cu<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc_nitride" title="Zinc nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Zn<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GaN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germanium_nitride" title="Germanium nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ge<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitridogermanate" title="Nitridogermanate">-Ge</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsenic_mononitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsenic mononitride (page does not exist)">AsN</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arsenide_nitride" title="Arsenide nitride">+As</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tetraselenium_tetranitride" title="Tetraselenium tetranitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Se<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_tribromide" title="Nitrogen tribromide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Br<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bromine_azide" title="Bromine azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">BrN<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitride_bromide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitride bromide (page does not exist)">+Br</a> </td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_azide" title="Rubidium azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">RbN<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium_nitride" title="Strontium nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Sr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Strontium_azide" title="Strontium azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Sr(N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yttrium_nitride" title="Yttrium nitride">YN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirconium_nitride" title="Zirconium nitride">ZrN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niobium_nitride" title="Niobium nitride">NbN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum_nitride" title="Molybdenum nitride">β-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Mo<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>N</span></a> </td> <td>Tc </td> <td>Ru </td> <td>Rh </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palladium_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palladium nitride (page does not exist)">PdN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_nitride" title="Silver nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ag<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N</span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_nitride" title="Cadmium nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Cd<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indium_nitride" title="Indium nitride">InN</a> </td> <td>Sn </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antimony_nitride" title="Antimony nitride">SbN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tellurium_nitride" title="Tellurium nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Te<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a>? </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_triiodide" title="Nitrogen triiodide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">I<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N</span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iodine_azide" title="Iodine azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">IN<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nitride_iodide" title="Nitride iodide">+I</a> </td> <td>Xe </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesium_azide" title="Caesium azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">CsN<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barium_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barium nitride (page does not exist)"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ba<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Barium_azide" title="Barium azide"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ba(N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lutetium_nitride" title="Lutetium nitride">LuN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hafnium_nitrides" title="Hafnium nitrides">HfN<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Hf<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tantalum_nitride" title="Tantalum nitride">TaN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tungsten_nitride" title="Tungsten nitride">WN</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhenium_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhenium nitride (page does not exist)">Re<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span></sub>N<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span></sub></a> </td> <td>Os </td> <td>Ir </td> <td>Pt </td> <td>Au </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury_nitride" title="Mercury nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Hg<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium(I)_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thallium(I) nitride (page does not exist)"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Tl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N</span></a> </td> <td><i>(<a href="/wiki/Inorganic_imide#Ionic" title="Inorganic imide">PbNH</a>)</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismuth(III)_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bismuth(III) nitride (page does not exist)">BiN</a> </td> <td>Po </td> <td>At </td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td>Fr </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radium_nitride" title="Radium nitride"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap">Ra<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">** </td> <td>Lr </td> <td>Rf </td> <td>Db </td> <td>Sg </td> <td>Bh </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="2" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none" colspan="20">  </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_nitride" title="Lanthanum nitride">LaN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerium_nitride" title="Cerium nitride">CeN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_nitride" title="Praseodymium(III) nitride">PrN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neodymium(III)_nitride" title="Neodymium(III) nitride">NdN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Promethium_nitride" title="Promethium nitride">PmN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samarium(III)_nitride" title="Samarium(III) nitride">SmN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europium(III)_nitride" title="Europium(III) nitride">EuN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_nitride" title="Gadolinium(III) nitride">GdN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terbium_nitride" title="Terbium nitride">TbN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium_nitride" title="Dysprosium nitride">DyN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holmium_nitride" title="Holmium nitride">HoN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Erbium_nitride" title="Erbium nitride">ErN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thulium_nitride" title="Thulium nitride">TmN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium(III)_nitride" title="Ytterbium(III) nitride">YbN</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose;color:black;"> <td style="background-color:white;color:inherit;border:none">** </td> <td>Ac </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thorium_nitrides" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium nitrides">Th<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span></sub>N<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span></sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Protactinium_nitride" title="Protactinium nitride">PaN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranium_nitrides" title="Uranium nitrides">U<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">x</span></sub>N<sub><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">y</span></sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neptunium_nitride" title="Neptunium nitride">NpN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plutonium_nitride" title="Plutonium nitride">PuN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Americium_nitride" title="Americium nitride">AmN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Curium_nitride" title="Curium nitride">CmN</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkelium(III)_mononitride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkelium(III) mononitride (page does not exist)">BkN</a> </td> <td>Cf </td> <td>Es </td> <td>Fm </td> <td>Md </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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