{"title":"A Saltwater Battery Inspired by the Membrane Potential Found in Biological Cells","authors":"Andrew Jester, Ross Lee, Pritpal Singh","volume":198,"journal":"International Journal of Bioengineering and Life Sciences","pagesStart":36,"pagesEnd":50,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10013119","abstract":"<p>As the world transitions to a more sustainable energy economy, the deployment of energy storage technologies is expected to increase to develop a more resilient grid system. However, current technologies are associated with various environmental and safety issues throughout their entire lifecycle; therefore, a new battery technology is desirable for grid applications to curtail these risks. Biological cells, such as human neurons and electrocytes in the electric eel, can serve as a more sustainable design template for a new bio-inspired (i.e., biomimetic) battery. Within biological cells, an electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane forms the membrane potential, which serves as the driving force for ion transport into\/out of the cell akin to the charging\/discharging of a battery cell. This work serves as the first step for developing such a biomimetic battery cell, starting with the fabrication and characterization of ion-selective membranes to facilitate ion transport through the cell. Performance characteristics (e.g., cell voltage, power density, specific energy, roundtrip efficiency) for the cell under investigation are compared to incumbent battery technologies and biological cells to assess the readiness level for this emerging technology. Using a Na+-Form Nafion-117 membrane, the cell in this work successfully demonstrated behavior like human neurons; these findings will inform how cell components can be re-engineered to enhance device performance.<\/p>","references":"[1]\tU.S. Department of Energy, \u201cGlobal Energy Storage Database.\u201d 18-Feb-2020.\r\n[2]\tM. Aneke and M. Wang, \u201cEnergy storage technologies and real life applications \u2013 A state of the art review,\u201d Applied Energy, vol. 179, pp. 350\u2013377, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.06.097.\r\n[3]\tL. Oliveira, M. Messagie, J. Mertens, H. Laget, T. Coosemans, and J. Van Mierlo, \u201cEnvironmental performance of electricity storage systems for grid applications, a life cycle approach,\u201d Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 101, pp. 326\u2013335, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016\/j.enconman.2015.05.063.\r\n[4]\tL. Oliveira, M. Messagie, S. Rangaraju, J. Sanfelix, M. Hernandez Rivas, and J. 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