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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distr%C3%B2fia_endotelial_de_Fuchs" title="Distròfia endotelial de Fuchs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Distròfia endotelial de Fuchs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchs-Endotheldystrophie" title="Fuchs-Endotheldystrophie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fuchs-Endotheldystrophie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrofia_endotelial_de_Fuchs" title="Distrofia endotelial de Fuchs – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Distrofia endotelial de Fuchs" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchsova_endotelna_distrofija" title="Fuchsova endotelna distrofija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fuchsova endotelna distrofija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrofia_endoteliale_di_Fuchs" title="Distrofia endoteliale di Fuchs – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Distrofia endoteliale di Fuchs" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endotheeldystrofie_van_Fuchs" title="Endotheeldystrofie van Fuchs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Endotheeldystrofie van Fuchs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystrofia_Fuchsa" title="Dystrofia Fuchsa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dystrofia Fuchsa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrofia_de_Fuchs" title="Distrofia de Fuchs – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Distrofia de Fuchs" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Fuchs' dystrophy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD)</td></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fuchs_dystrophy_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Fuchs_dystrophy_1.JPG/220px-Fuchs_dystrophy_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Fuchs_dystrophy_1.JPG/330px-Fuchs_dystrophy_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Fuchs_dystrophy_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Fuchs corneal dystrophy. Light microscopic appearance of the cornea showing numerous excrescences (guttae) on the posterior surface of <a href="/wiki/Descemet%27s_membrane" title="Descemet's membrane">Descemet's membrane</a> and the presence of <a href="/wiki/Cyst" title="Cyst">cysts</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Corneal_epithelium" title="Corneal epithelium">corneal epithelium</a> beneath ectopically placed intraepithelial <a href="/wiki/Basement_membrane" title="Basement membrane">basement membrane</a>. <a href="/wiki/Periodic_acid-Schiff_stain" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodic acid-Schiff stain">Periodic acid-Schiff stain</a>. From a review by Klintworth, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19236704_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19236704-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">fooks-<span style="font-size:90%">DIS</span>-trə-fee</i></a> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464888?uselang=en#P1995" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fuchs dystrophy</b>, also referred to as <b>Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy</b> (<b>FECD</b>) and <b>Fuchs endothelial dystrophy</b> (<b>FED</b>), is a slowly progressing <a href="/wiki/Corneal_dystrophy" title="Corneal dystrophy">corneal dystrophy</a> that usually affects both <a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">eyes</a> and is slightly more common in women than in men. Although early signs of Fuchs dystrophy are sometimes seen in people in their 30s and 40s, the disease rarely affects vision until people reach their 50s and 60s. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuchs%27_dystrophy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Signs and symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a progressive, chronic condition, signs and symptoms of Fuchs dystrophy gradually progress over decades of life, starting in middle age. Early symptoms include blurry vision upon wakening which improves during the morning,<sup id="cite_ref-WillsEye4th_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WillsEye4th-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as fluid retained in the cornea is unable to evaporate through the surface of the eye when the lids are closed overnight. As the disease worsens, the interval of blurry morning vision extends from minutes to hours.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In moderate stages of the disease, an increase in guttae and swelling in the cornea can contribute to changes in vision and decreased sharpness throughout the day. Contrast sensitivity may be affected. The change in the refractive index of the cornea may result in subtle refractive shifts, which affected individuals may experience as a small change in their eyeglass prescription. </p><p>In the late stages of the disease, the cornea is unable to maintain its fluid content and blisters, known as bullae, form on the surface of the cornea. These cause foreign body sensations and can be painful. The cornea may not heal from such epithelial defects, until corneal transplantation is able to restore the endothelial pump function. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cause">Cause</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuchs%27_dystrophy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cause"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FECD is a <a href="/wiki/Degenerative_disease" title="Degenerative disease">degenerative disease</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Corneal_endothelium" title="Corneal endothelium">corneal endothelium</a> with accumulation of focal <a href="/wiki/Tubercle_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubercle (anatomy)">outgrowths</a> called <a href="/wiki/Guttae_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guttae (medical)">guttae</a> (meaning a drop-like appearance) and thickening of <a href="/wiki/Descemet%27s_membrane" title="Descemet's membrane">Descemet's membrane</a>, leading to <a href="/wiki/Corneal_endothelium#Mechanisms_of_corneal_edema" title="Corneal endothelium">corneal edema</a> and loss of vision. The corneal endothelial cell layer and its basement membrane (Descemet's membrane) act as a barrier to hydration of the corneal stroma by aqueous humor and are "pump" cells of the cornea that function to maintain hydration of the cornea at a specific level that maintains corneal <a href="/wiki/Stromal_cell" title="Stromal cell">stromal</a> clarity through precise spatial arrangement of collagen fibers. In FED, Descemet's membrane is grossly thickened with accumulation of abnormal wide-spaced <a href="/wiki/Collagen" title="Collagen">collagen</a> and numerous guttae. Corneal endothelial cells in end-stage FED are reduced in number and appear attenuated, causing progressive stromal edema (swelling). Progressive endothelial cell loss causes relative influx of <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqueous humor">aqueous humor</a> into the cornea, leading to swelling (corneal stromal edema), which results in blurred vision. Eventually, the <a href="/wiki/Epithelium" title="Epithelium">epithelium</a> also becomes edematous, resulting in more severe visual impairment. Focal <a href="/wiki/Blister" title="Blister">blisters</a> of epithelial edema ("bullae") may be particularly painful when they burst.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The inheritance of FECD is complex and polymorphic such that although inheritance is <a href="/wiki/Dominance_relationship#Autosomal_dominant_gene" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominance relationship">autosomal dominant</a> there are genetic and environmental modifiers that determine the degree to which members of the same family express the disease. There is reasonable evidence of associations between transcription factor 4 (TCF4) genetic polymorphisms and risk of Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (FED).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endothelial cell loss may be aggravated or accelerated by intraocular trauma or surgery. A common scenario involves prolonged corneal swelling or edema following cataract surgery or other types of ocular surgery. Hence, patients with a history of Fuchs' dystrophy may be at a greater risk of corneal edema after ocular surgery as they have fewer functioning endothelial cells.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>FECD is classified into 4 stages, from early signs of guttae formation to end-stage subepithelial scarring. Diagnosis is made by biomicroscopic examination in the clinic. Other modalities, such as corneal thickness measurement (<a href="/wiki/Corneal_pachymetry" title="Corneal pachymetry">pachymetry</a>), in-vivo <a href="/wiki/Confocal_microscopy" title="Confocal microscopy">confocal biomicroscopy</a>, and specular microscopy can be used in conjunction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The exact pathogenesis is unknown but factors include endothelial cell apoptosis, sex hormones, inflammation, and aqueous humor flow and composition. Mutations in <a href="/wiki/COL8A2" class="mw-redirect" title="COL8A2">collagen VIII</a>, a major component of Descemet's membrane secreted by endothelial cells, have been linked to the early-onset FECD.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15914606_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15914606-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetically</a> <a href="/wiki/Heterogeneous_condition" title="Heterogeneous condition">heterogeneous disease</a>, the phenotype, or clinical experience of patients with Fuchs dystrophy may reflect the combination of genetic contributors to the disease. Some genetic lesions correlate with more severe disease and earlier onset.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, some individuals may experience symptoms of the disease at a much earlier age, while others may not experience symptoms until late in life.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Genes include: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Type </th> <th><a href="/wiki/OMIM" class="mw-redirect" title="OMIM">OMIM</a> </th> <th>Gene </th> <th>Locus </th></tr> <tr> <td>FECD1 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/136800">136800</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/COL8A2" class="mw-redirect" title="COL8A2">COL8A2</a></i> </td> <td>1p34.3-p32.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>FECD4 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/610206">610206</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/SLC4A11" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC4A11">SLC4A11</a></i> </td> <td>20p13-p12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>FECD6 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/189909">189909</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/ZEB1" title="ZEB1">ZEB1</a></i> </td> <td>10p11.2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuchs%27_dystrophy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The diagnosis of Fuchs dystrophy is often made with slit lamp biomicroscopy. With direct illumination, the clinician can visualize guttae, the characteristic pathological changes in disease.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Scheimpflug imaging, anterior segment <a href="/wiki/Optical_coherence_tomography" title="Optical coherence tomography">optical coherence tomography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confocal_microscopy" title="Confocal microscopy">confocal microscopy</a>, and specular microscopy are additional imaging techniques that can identify the presence of guttae and quantify the thickness of the cornea. While corneal thickness can be a valuable indicator of how the cornea is changing over time, it is affected by multiple factors and is not adequate itself as a screening tool to diagnose Fuchs dystrophy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuchs%27_dystrophy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Non-surgical treatments of FECD may be used to treat symptoms of early disease. Medical management includes topical hypertonic saline, the use of a hairdryer to dehydrate the precorneal tear film, and therapeutic soft <a href="/wiki/Contact_lens" title="Contact lens">contact lenses</a>. Hypertonic saline draws water out of the cornea through osmosis. When using a hairdryer, the patient is instructed to hold it at an arm's length or directed across the face in a cold setting, to dry out the epithelial blisters. This can be done two or three times a day. Scleral lenses can improve vision when it is affected by irregularities on the surface of the cornea,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but may stress the corneal endothelium. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Corneal_transplantation" title="Corneal transplantation">Corneal transplantation</a> is the definitive treatment for FECD. The most common types of surgery for FECD are Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), which account for over half of corneal transplants in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuart_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuart-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Injection of cultured endothelial cells is under investigation and in a series of 11 patients in Japan with bullous keratopathy, was able to clear corneal edema.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuchs%27_dystrophy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Epidemiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Few studies have examined the prevalence of FECD on a large scale. First assessed in a clinical setting, Fuchs himself estimated the occurrence of dystrophia epithelialis corneae to be one in every 2000 patients; a rate that is likely reflective of those who progress to advanced disease. Cross-sectional studies suggest a relatively higher prevalence of disease in European countries relative to other areas of the world. Fuchs dystrophy rarely affects individuals under 50 years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-WillsEye4th_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WillsEye4th-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuchs%27_dystrophy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The condition was first described by <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> ophthalmologist <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Fuchs_(doctor)" title="Ernst Fuchs (doctor)">Ernst Fuchs</a> (1851–1930), after whom it is named. In 1910, Fuchs first reported 13 cases of central corneal clouding, loss of corneal sensation and the formation of <a href="/wiki/Epithelium" title="Epithelium">epithelial</a> bullae, or blisters, which he labeled 'dystrophia epithelialis corneae'. It was characterized by late onset, slow progression, decreased visual acuity in the morning, lack of inflammation, diffuse corneal opacity, intense centrally, and roughened epithelium with vesicle-like features.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A shift to the understanding of FECD as primarily a disease of the corneal <a href="/wiki/Endothelium" title="Endothelium">endothelium</a> resulted after a number of observations in the 1920s. Crystal-like features of the endothelium were noted by Kraupa in 1920, who suggested that the epithelial changes were dependent on the endothelium. Using a <a href="/wiki/Slit_lamp" title="Slit lamp">slit lamp</a>, Vogt described the excrescences associated with FCD as drop-like in appearance in 1921. In 1924, Graves then provided an extremely detailed explanation of the endothelial elevations visible with slit lamp biomicroscopy. A patient with unilateral epithelial dystrophy and bilateral endothelial changes was described by the Friedenwalds in 1925; subsequent involvement of the second eye led them to emphasize that endothelial changes preceded epithelial changes. As only a subset of patients with endothelial changes proceeded to epithelial involvement, Graves stated on 19 October 1925 to the New York Academy of Medicine that "Fuchs' epithelial dystrophy may be a very late sequel to severer cases of the deeper affection".<sup id="cite_ref-Eghrari_&_Gottsch_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eghrari_&_Gottsch-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuchs%27_dystrophy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuchs_heterochromic_iridocyclitis" title="Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis">Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis</a> (a disease of the <a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">iris</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocular_straylight" title="Ocular straylight">Ocular straylight</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuchs%27_dystrophy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid19236704-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid19236704_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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id="CITEREFEghrariJohn_D_Gottsch2010" class="citation journal cs1">Eghrari, Allen O; John D Gottsch (April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897712">"Fuchs' corneal dystrophy"</a>. <i>Expert Rev Ophthalmol</i>. <b>5</b> (2): 147–159. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1586%2Feop.10.8">10.1586/eop.10.8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897712">2897712</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20625449">20625449</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Rev+Ophthalmol&rft.atitle=Fuchs%27+corneal+dystrophy&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=147-159&rft.date=2010-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2897712%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20625449&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1586%2Feop.10.8&rft.aulast=Eghrari&rft.aufirst=Allen+O&rft.au=John+D+Gottsch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2897712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFuchs%27+dystrophy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuchs%27_dystrophy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050327021720/http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/cornealdisease/index.asp">Facts About the Cornea and Corneal Disease - The National Eye Institute (United States)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464888" class="extiw" title="d:Q1464888">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/H18.5">H18.5</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=371.57">371.57</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/136800">136800</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/610158">610158</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D005642">D005642</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb31163.htm">31163</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007295.htm">007295</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1193591-overview">article/1193591</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_corneal_dystrophy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_corneal_dystrophy" title="Template:Human corneal dystrophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_corneal_dystrophy" title="Template talk:Human corneal dystrophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_corneal_dystrophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human corneal dystrophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_corneal_dystrophy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Corneal_dystrophy" title="Corneal dystrophy">corneal dystrophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epithelial" class="mw-redirect" title="Epithelial">Epithelial</a> and subepithelial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epithelial_basement_membrane_dystrophy" title="Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy">Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatinous_drop-like_corneal_dystrophy" title="Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy">Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisch_epithelial_corneal_dystrophy" title="Lisch epithelial corneal dystrophy">Lisch epithelial corneal dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meesmann_corneal_dystrophy" title="Meesmann corneal dystrophy">Meesmann corneal dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subepithelial_mucinous_corneal_dystrophy" title="Subepithelial mucinous corneal dystrophy">Subepithelial mucinous corneal dystrophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bowman%27s_layer" title="Bowman's layer">Bowman's layer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reis%E2%80%93Bucklers_corneal_dystrophy" title="Reis–Bucklers corneal dystrophy">Reis–Bucklers corneal dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiel-Behnke_dystrophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiel-Behnke dystrophy">Thiel-Behnke dystrophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stroma_of_cornea" title="Stroma of cornea">Stroma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_stromal_corneal_dystrophy" title="Congenital stromal corneal dystrophy">Congenital stromal corneal dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleck_corneal_dystrophy" title="Fleck corneal dystrophy">Fleck corneal dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granular_corneal_dystrophy" title="Granular corneal dystrophy">Granular corneal dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_corneal_dystrophy" title="Lattice corneal dystrophy">Lattice corneal dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macular_corneal_dystrophy" title="Macular corneal dystrophy">Macular corneal dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_amorphous_corneal_dystrophy" title="Posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy">Posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnyder_crystalline_corneal_dystrophy" title="Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy">Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Descemet%27s_membrane" title="Descemet's membrane">Descemet's membrane</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Endothelial" class="mw-redirect" title="Endothelial">endothelial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_hereditary_endothelial_dystrophy" title="Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy">Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fuchs' dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_polymorphous_corneal_dystrophy" title="Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy">Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-linked_endothelial_corneal_dystrophy" title="X-linked endothelial corneal dystrophy">X-linked endothelial corneal dystrophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Diseases_of_the_human_eye" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Accessory_visual_structures" title="Accessory visual structures">Adnexa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eyelid" title="Eyelid">Eyelid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Inflammation" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inflammation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stye" title="Stye">Stye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalazion" title="Chalazion">Chalazion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blepharitis" title="Blepharitis">Blepharitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meibomian_gland_dysfunction" title="Meibomian gland dysfunction">Meibomian gland dysfunction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entropion" title="Entropion">Entropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectropion" title="Ectropion">Ectropion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagophthalmos" title="Lagophthalmos">Lagophthalmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blepharochalasis" title="Blepharochalasis">Blepharochalasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptosis_(eyelid)" title="Ptosis (eyelid)">Ptosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blepharophimosis" title="Blepharophimosis">Blepharophimosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanthelasma" title="Xanthelasma">Xanthelasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankyloblepharon" title="Ankyloblepharon">Ankyloblepharon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eyelash" title="Eyelash">Eyelash</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trichiasis" title="Trichiasis">Trichiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madarosis" title="Madarosis">Madarosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distichiasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Distichiasis">Distichiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichomegaly" title="Trichomegaly">Trichomegaly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lacrimal_apparatus" title="Lacrimal apparatus">Lacrimal apparatus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacryoadenitis" title="Dacryoadenitis">Dacryoadenitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphora_(medicine)" title="Epiphora (medicine)">Epiphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacryocystitis" title="Dacryocystitis">Dacryocystitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerophthalmia" title="Xerophthalmia">Xerophthalmia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orbit_(anatomy)" title="Orbit (anatomy)">Orbit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exophthalmos" title="Exophthalmos">Exophthalmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enophthalmos" title="Enophthalmos">Enophthalmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_cellulitis" title="Orbital cellulitis">Orbital cellulitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_lymphoma" title="Orbital lymphoma">Orbital lymphoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periorbital_cellulitis" title="Periorbital cellulitis">Periorbital cellulitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conjunctiva" title="Conjunctiva">Conjunctiva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemosis" title="Chemosis">Chemosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunctivitis" title="Conjunctivitis">Conjunctivitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allergic_conjunctivitis" title="Allergic conjunctivitis">allergic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterygium_(conjunctiva)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pterygium (conjunctiva)">Pterygium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudopterygium" title="Pseudopterygium">Pseudopterygium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinguecula" title="Pinguecula">Pinguecula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subconjunctival_bleeding" title="Subconjunctival bleeding">Subconjunctival hemorrhage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Globe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Globe_(human_eye)" title="Globe (human eye)">Globe</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fibrous_tunic_of_eyeball" title="Fibrous tunic of eyeball">Fibrous tunic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sclera" title="Sclera">Sclera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scleritis" title="Scleritis">Scleritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcleritis" title="Episcleritis">Episcleritis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cornea" title="Cornea">Cornea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keratitis" title="Keratitis">Keratitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herpetic_keratitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpetic keratitis">herpetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthamoeba_keratitis" title="Acanthamoeba keratitis">acanthamoebic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungal_keratitis" title="Fungal keratitis">fungal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_keratitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Exposure keratitis">Exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photokeratitis" title="Photokeratitis">Photokeratitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneal_ulcer" title="Corneal ulcer">Corneal ulcer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thygeson%27s_superficial_punctate_keratopathy" title="Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy">Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneal_dystrophy" title="Corneal dystrophy">Corneal dystrophy</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fuchs'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meesmann_corneal_dystrophy" title="Meesmann corneal dystrophy">Meesmann</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneal_ectatic_disorders" title="Corneal ectatic disorders">Corneal ectasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keratoconus" title="Keratoconus">Keratoconus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellucid_marginal_degeneration" title="Pellucid marginal degeneration">Pellucid marginal degeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keratoglobus" title="Keratoglobus">Keratoglobus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrien%27s_marginal_degeneration" title="Terrien's marginal degeneration">Terrien's marginal degeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-LASIK_ectasia" title="Post-LASIK ectasia">Post-LASIK ectasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keratoconjunctivitis" title="Keratoconjunctivitis">Keratoconjunctivitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keratoconjunctivitis_sicca" class="mw-redirect" title="Keratoconjunctivitis sicca">sicca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneal_opacity" title="Corneal opacity">Corneal opacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corneal_neovascularization" title="Corneal neovascularization">Corneal neovascularization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayser%E2%80%93Fleischer_ring" title="Kayser–Fleischer ring">Kayser–Fleischer ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haab%27s_striae" title="Haab's striae">Haab's striae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcus_senilis" title="Arcus senilis">Arcus senilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_keratopathy" title="Band keratopathy">Band keratopathy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uvea" title="Uvea">Vascular tunic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(anatomy)" title="Iris (anatomy)">Iris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ciliary_body" title="Ciliary body">Ciliary body</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uveitis" title="Uveitis">Uveitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_uveitis" title="Intermediate uveitis">Intermediate uveitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphema" title="Hyphema">Hyphema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubeosis_iridis" title="Rubeosis iridis">Rubeosis iridis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_pupillary_membrane" title="Persistent pupillary membrane">Persistent pupillary membrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridodialysis" title="Iridodialysis">Iridodialysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synechia_(eye)" title="Synechia (eye)">Synechia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Choroid" title="Choroid">Choroid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choroideremia" title="Choroideremia">Choroideremia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choroiditis" class="mw-redirect" title="Choroiditis">Choroiditis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chorioretinitis" title="Chorioretinitis">Chorioretinitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focal_choroidal_excavation" title="Focal choroidal excavation">Focal choroidal excavation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypoidal_choroidal_vasculopathy" title="Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy">Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lens_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lens (anatomy)">Lens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cataract" title="Cataract">Cataract</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_cataract" title="Congenital cataract">Congenital cataract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_cataract" title="Childhood cataract">Childhood cataract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphakia" title="Aphakia">Aphakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectopia_lentis" title="Ectopia lentis">Ectopia lentis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Retinal_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Retinal disease">Retina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retinitis" title="Retinitis">Retinitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chorioretinitis" title="Chorioretinitis">Chorioretinitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytomegalovirus_retinitis" title="Cytomegalovirus retinitis">Cytomegalovirus retinitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinal_detachment" title="Retinal detachment">Retinal detachment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_vitreous_detachment" title="Posterior vitreous detachment">Posterior vitreous detachment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoschisis" title="Retinoschisis">Retinoschisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocular_ischemic_syndrome" title="Ocular ischemic syndrome">Ocular ischemic syndrome</a> / <a href="/wiki/Central_retinal_vein_occlusion" title="Central retinal vein occlusion">Central retinal vein occlusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_retinal_artery_occlusion" title="Central retinal artery occlusion">Central retinal artery occlusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_retinal_artery_occlusion" title="Branch retinal artery occlusion">Branch retinal artery occlusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinopathy" title="Retinopathy">Retinopathy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diabetic_retinopathy" title="Diabetic retinopathy">diabetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertensive_retinopathy" title="Hypertensive retinopathy">hypertensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purtscher%27s_retinopathy" title="Purtscher's retinopathy">Purtscher's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinopathy_of_prematurity" title="Retinopathy of prematurity">of prematurity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bietti%27s_crystalline_dystrophy" title="Bietti's crystalline dystrophy">Bietti's crystalline dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coats%27_disease" title="Coats' disease">Coats' disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle_cell_retinopathy" title="Sickle cell retinopathy">Sickle cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photic_retinopathy" title="Photic retinopathy">photic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macular_degeneration" title="Macular degeneration">Macular degeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinitis_pigmentosa" title="Retinitis pigmentosa">Retinitis pigmentosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinal_haemorrhage" title="Retinal haemorrhage">Retinal haemorrhage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_serous_retinopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Central serous retinopathy">Central serous retinopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macular_edema" title="Macular edema">Macular edema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiretinal_membrane" title="Epiretinal membrane">Epiretinal membrane</a> (Macular pucker)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitelliform_macular_dystrophy" title="Vitelliform macular dystrophy">Vitelliform macular dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leber%27s_congenital_amaurosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Leber's congenital amaurosis">Leber's congenital amaurosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdshot_chorioretinopathy" title="Birdshot chorioretinopathy">Birdshot chorioretinopathy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">Glaucoma</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ocular_hypertension" title="Ocular hypertension">Ocular hypertension</a> / <a href="/wiki/Primary_juvenile_glaucoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary juvenile glaucoma">Primary juvenile glaucoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floater" title="Floater">Floater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leber%27s_hereditary_optic_neuropathy" title="Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy">Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocular_hypotony" title="Ocular hypotony">Ocular hypotony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_eye_(medicine)" title="Red eye (medicine)">Red eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_rupture" title="Globe rupture">Globe rupture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungal_keratitis" title="Fungal keratitis">Keratomycosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phthisis_bulbi" title="Phthisis bulbi">Phthisis bulbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_fetal_vasculature" title="Persistent fetal vasculature">Persistent fetal vasculature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_tunica_vasculosa_lentis" title="Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis">Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familial_exudative_vitreoretinopathy" title="Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy">Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease">Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pathways" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Visual_system" title="Visual system">Pathways</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">Optic nerve</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Optic_disc" title="Optic disc">Optic disc</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optic_neuritis" title="Optic neuritis">Optic neuritis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optic_papillitis" title="Optic papillitis">optic papillitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papilledema" title="Papilledema">Papilledema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Kennedy_syndrome" title="Foster Kennedy syndrome">Foster Kennedy syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optic_atrophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Optic atrophy">Optic atrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optic_disc_drusen" title="Optic disc drusen">Optic disc drusen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optic_neuropathy" title="Optic neuropathy">Optic neuropathy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ischemic_optic_neuropathy" title="Ischemic optic neuropathy">Ischemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy" title="Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy">anterior (AION)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy" title="Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy">posterior (PION)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arteritic_anterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy" title="Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy">arteritic anterior (AAION or arteritic AION)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-arteritic_anterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy" title="Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy">non-arteritic anterior (NAION)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjer%27s_optic_neuropathy" title="Kjer's optic neuropathy">Kjer's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leber%27s_hereditary_optic_neuropathy" title="Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy">Leber's hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_and_nutritional_optic_neuropathy" title="Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy">Toxic and nutritional</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strabismus" title="Strabismus">Strabismus</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Extraocular_muscles" title="Extraocular muscles">Extraocular muscles</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Binocular_vision" title="Binocular vision">Binocular vision</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Accommodation_(eye)" class="mw-redirect" title="Accommodation (eye)">Accommodation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Paralytic_strabismus" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strabismus#Paralytic_strabismus" title="Strabismus">Paralytic strabismus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmoparesis" title="Ophthalmoparesis">Ophthalmoparesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_progressive_external_ophthalmoplegia" title="Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia">Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kearns%E2%80%93Sayre_syndrome" title="Kearns–Sayre syndrome">Kearns–Sayre syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve_disease" title="Cranial nerve disease">palsies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nerve_palsy" title="Oculomotor nerve palsy">Oculomotor (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_nerve_palsy" title="Fourth nerve palsy">Fourth-nerve (IV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_nerve_palsy" title="Sixth nerve palsy">Sixth-nerve (VI)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strabismus#Other_strabismus" title="Strabismus">Other strabismus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esotropia" title="Esotropia">Esotropia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Exotropia" title="Exotropia">Exotropia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertropia" title="Hypertropia">Hypertropia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterophoria" title="Heterophoria">Heterophoria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esophoria" title="Esophoria">Esophoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exophoria" title="Exophoria">Exophoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclotropia" title="Cyclotropia">Cyclotropia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown%27s_syndrome" title="Brown's syndrome">Brown's syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_syndrome" title="Duane syndrome">Duane syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other binocular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conjugate_gaze_palsy" title="Conjugate gaze palsy">Conjugate gaze palsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convergence_insufficiency" title="Convergence insufficiency">Convergence insufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internuclear_ophthalmoplegia" title="Internuclear ophthalmoplegia">Internuclear ophthalmoplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_and_a_half_syndrome" title="One and a half syndrome">One and a half syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Refraction" title="Refraction">Refraction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refractive_error" title="Refractive error">Refractive error</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far-sightedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-sightedness">Hyperopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-sightedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-sightedness">Myopia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astigmatism" title="Astigmatism">Astigmatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisometropia" title="Anisometropia">Anisometropia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aniseikonia" title="Aniseikonia">Aniseikonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyopia" title="Presbyopia">Presbyopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vision_disorder" title="Vision disorder">Vision disorders</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">Blindness</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amblyopia" title="Amblyopia">Amblyopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leber%27s_congenital_amaurosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Leber's congenital amaurosis">Leber's congenital amaurosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplopia" title="Diplopia">Diplopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotoma" title="Scotoma">Scotoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_blindness" title="Color blindness">Color blindness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achromatopsia" title="Achromatopsia">Achromatopsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichromacy" title="Dichromacy">Dichromacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochromacy" title="Monochromacy">Monochromacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctalopia" title="Nyctalopia">Nyctalopia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oguchi_disease" title="Oguchi disease">Oguchi disease</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">Blindness</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vision_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Vision loss">Vision loss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Visual_impairment" title="Visual impairment">Visual impairment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anopsia" title="Anopsia">Anopsia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemianopsia" title="Hemianopsia">Hemianopsia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binasal_hemianopsia" title="Binasal hemianopsia">binasal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitemporal_hemianopsia" title="Bitemporal hemianopsia">bitemporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonymous_hemianopsia" title="Homonymous hemianopsia">homonymous</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrantanopia" title="Quadrantanopia">Quadrantanopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">subjective</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asthenopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Asthenopia">Asthenopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemeralopia" title="Hemeralopia">Hemeralopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophobia" title="Photophobia">Photophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scintillating_scotoma" title="Scintillating scotoma">Scintillating scotoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pupil" title="Pupil">Pupil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisocoria" title="Anisocoria">Anisocoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyll_Robertson_pupil" title="Argyll Robertson pupil">Argyll Robertson pupil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Gunn_pupil" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Gunn pupil">Marcus Gunn pupil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adie_syndrome" title="Adie syndrome">Adie syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miosis" title="Miosis">Miosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mydriasis" title="Mydriasis">Mydriasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycloplegia" title="Cycloplegia">Cycloplegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinaud%27s_syndrome" title="Parinaud's syndrome">Parinaud's syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nystagmus" title="Nystagmus">Nystagmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_blindness" title="Childhood blindness">Childhood blindness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Infections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eye_disease" title="Eye disease">Infections</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trachoma" title="Trachoma">Trachoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onchocerciasis" title="Onchocerciasis">Onchocerciasis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Diseases_of_collagen,_laminin_and_other_scleroproteins" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scleroprotein_disease" title="Template:Scleroprotein disease"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scleroprotein_disease" title="Template talk:Scleroprotein disease"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scleroprotein_disease" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scleroprotein disease"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diseases_of_collagen,_laminin_and_other_scleroproteins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diseases of <a href="/wiki/Collagen" title="Collagen">collagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laminin" title="Laminin">laminin</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Scleroprotein" class="mw-redirect" title="Scleroprotein">scleroproteins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Collagen_disease" title="Collagen disease">Collagen disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COL1" class="mw-redirect" title="COL1">COL1</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osteogenesis_imperfecta" title="Osteogenesis imperfecta">Osteogenesis imperfecta</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">(types I–IV)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehlers%E2%80%93Danlos_syndrome" title="Ehlers–Danlos syndrome">Ehlers–Danlos syndrome</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">(types 1, 2, & 7)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Type-II_collagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Type-II collagen">COL2</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypochondrogenesis" title="Hypochondrogenesis">Hypochondrogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achondrogenesis_type_2" title="Achondrogenesis type 2">Achondrogenesis<span class="nowrap"> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">(type 2)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickler_syndrome" title="Stickler syndrome">Stickler syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_syndrome" title="Marshall syndrome">Marshall syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spondyloepiphyseal_dysplasia_congenita" title="Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita">Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spondyloepimetaphyseal_dysplasia,_Strudwick_type" title="Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Strudwick type">Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia,<span class="nowrap"> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">(Strudwick type)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kniest_dysplasia" title="Kniest dysplasia">Kniest dysplasia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Type_II_collagenopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Type II collagenopathy">Type II collagenopathy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COL3" class="mw-redirect" title="COL3">COL3</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ehlers%E2%80%93Danlos_syndrome" title="Ehlers–Danlos syndrome">Ehlers–Danlos syndrome</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">(types 3 & 4)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack%E2%80%93Barabas_syndrome" title="Sack–Barabas syndrome">Sack–Barabas syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COL4" class="mw-redirect" title="COL4">COL4</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alport_syndrome" title="Alport syndrome">Alport syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COL5" class="mw-redirect" title="COL5">COL5</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ehlers%E2%80%93Danlos_syndrome" title="Ehlers–Danlos syndrome">Ehlers–Danlos syndrome</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">(types 1 & 2)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Collagen_VI" title="Collagen VI">COL6</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethlem_myopathy" title="Bethlem myopathy">Bethlem myopathy</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">(type 1)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullrich_congenital_muscular_dystrophy" title="Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy">Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">(type 1)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COL7" class="mw-redirect" title="COL7">COL7</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epidermolysis_bullosa_dystrophica" title="Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica">Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recessive_dystrophic_epidermolysis_bullosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa">Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart_syndrome" title="Bart syndrome">Bart syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transient_bullous_dermolysis_of_the_newborn" title="Transient bullous dermolysis of the newborn">Transient bullous dermolysis of the newborn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">COL8:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fuchs' dystrophy</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">(type 1)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">COL9:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_epiphyseal_dysplasia" title="Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia">Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">(types 2, 3, & 6)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">COL10:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schmid_metaphyseal_chondrodysplasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia">Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">COL11:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weissenbacher%E2%80%93Zweym%C3%BCller_syndrome" title="Weissenbacher–Zweymüller syndrome">Weissenbacher–Zweymüller syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otospondylomegaepiphyseal_dysplasia" title="Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia">Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Type_XI_collagenopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Type XI collagenopathy">Type XI collagenopathy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">COL12:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethlem_myopathy" title="Bethlem myopathy">Bethlem myopathy</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">(type 2)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullrich_congenital_muscular_dystrophy" title="Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy">Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy</a><span class="nowrap"> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">(type 2)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">COL17:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullous_pemphigoid" title="Bullous pemphigoid">Bullous pemphigoid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">COL18:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knobloch_syndrome" title="Knobloch syndrome">Knobloch syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Laminin" title="Laminin">Laminin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junctional_epidermolysis_bullosa_(medicine)" title="Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (medicine)">Junctional epidermolysis bullosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laryngoonychocutaneous_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Laryngoonychocutaneous syndrome">Laryngoonychocutaneous syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_stromal_corneal_dystrophy" title="Congenital stromal corneal dystrophy">Congenital stromal corneal dystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raine_syndrome" title="Raine syndrome">Raine syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbach%E2%80%93Wiethe_disease" title="Urbach–Wiethe disease">Urbach–Wiethe disease</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TECTA" title="TECTA">TECTA</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genes_related_to_nonsyndromic_deafness" class="mw-redirect" title="Genes related to nonsyndromic deafness">DFNA8/12, DFNB21</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>see also <a href="/wiki/Template:Fibrous_proteins" title="Template:Fibrous proteins">fibrous proteins</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genetic_disorder,_membrane:_Solute_carrier_disorders" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solute_carrier_disorders" title="Template:Solute carrier disorders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solute_carrier_disorders" title="Template talk:Solute carrier disorders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solute_carrier_disorders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solute carrier disorders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genetic_disorder,_membrane:_Solute_carrier_disorders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">Genetic disorder</a>, membrane: <a href="/wiki/Solute_carrier_family" title="Solute carrier family">Solute carrier</a> disorders</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1-10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Glutamate_aspartate_transporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Glutamate aspartate transporter">SLC1A3</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episodic_ataxia" title="Episodic ataxia">Episodic ataxia 6</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC1A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC1A4">SLC1A4</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SPATCCM" title="SPATCCM">SPATCCM</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GLUT1" title="GLUT1">SLC2A1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Vivo_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="De Vivo disease">De Vivo disease</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GLUT2" title="GLUT2">SLC2A2</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fanconi-Bickel_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanconi-Bickel syndrome">Fanconi-Bickel syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GLUT5" title="GLUT5">SLC2A5</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fructose_malabsorption" title="Fructose malabsorption">Fructose malabsorption</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC2A10" title="SLC2A10">SLC2A10</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arterial_tortuosity_syndrome" title="Arterial tortuosity syndrome">Arterial tortuosity syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC3A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC3A1">SLC3A1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cystinuria" title="Cystinuria">Cystinuria</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC4A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC4A1">SLC4A1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_spherocytosis" title="Hereditary spherocytosis">Hereditary spherocytosis 4</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hereditary_elliptocytosis" title="Hereditary elliptocytosis">Hereditary elliptocytosis 4</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC4A11" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC4A11">SLC4A11</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_endothelial_dystrophy_type_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital endothelial dystrophy type 2">Congenital endothelial dystrophy type 2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fuchs' dystrophy 4</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC5A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC5A1">SLC5A1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glucose-galactose_malabsorption" title="Glucose-galactose malabsorption">Glucose-galactose malabsorption</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC5A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC5A2">SLC5A2</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renal_glycosuria" title="Renal glycosuria">Renal glycosuria</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sodium-iodide_symporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium-iodide symporter">SLC5A5</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_dyshormonogenesis" title="Thyroid dyshormonogenesis">Thyroid dyshormonogenesis type 1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC6A19" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC6A19">SLC6A19</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hartnup_disease" title="Hartnup disease">Hartnup disease</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC7A7" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC7A7">SLC7A7</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lysinuric_protein_intolerance" title="Lysinuric protein intolerance">Lysinuric protein intolerance</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC7A9" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC7A9">SLC7A9</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cystinuria" title="Cystinuria">Cystinuria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11-20</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC11A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC11A1">SLC11A1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sodium-chloride_symporter" title="Sodium-chloride symporter">SLC12A3</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gitelman_syndrome" title="Gitelman syndrome">Gitelman syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC16A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC16A1">SLC16A1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinsulinemic_hypoglycemia" title="Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia">HHF7</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC16A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC16A2">SLC16A2</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allan%E2%80%93Herndon%E2%80%93Dudley_syndrome" title="Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome">Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC17A3" title="SLC17A3">SLC17A3</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Von_Gierke%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Von Gierke's disease">Von Gierke's disease</a>, GSD-Ic</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC17A5" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC17A5">SLC17A5</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salla_disease" title="Salla disease">Salla disease</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC17A8" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC17A8">SLC17A8</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonsyndromic_deafness" title="Nonsyndromic deafness">DFNA25</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21-40</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC26A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC26A2">SLC26A2</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_epiphyseal_dysplasia" title="Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia">Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achondrogenesis" title="Achondrogenesis">Achondrogenesis</a> <a href="/wiki/Achondrogenesis_type_1B" title="Achondrogenesis type 1B">type 1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recessive_multiple_epiphyseal_dysplasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia">Recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atelosteogenesis,_type_II" title="Atelosteogenesis, type II">Atelosteogenesis, type II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diastrophic_dysplasia" title="Diastrophic dysplasia">Diastrophic dysplasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pendrin" title="Pendrin">SLC26A4</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pendred_syndrome" title="Pendred syndrome">Pendred syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC35C1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC35C1">SLC35C1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_disorder_of_glycosylation" title="Congenital disorder of glycosylation">CDOG 2C</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC37A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC37A4">SLC37A4</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Von_Gierke%27s_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Von Gierke's disease">Von Gierke's disease</a>, GSD-Ib</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SLC39A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC39A4">SLC39A4</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrodermatitis_enteropathica" title="Acrodermatitis enteropathica">Acrodermatitis enteropathica</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ferroportin" title="Ferroportin">SLC40A1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_iron_overload" title="African iron overload">African iron overload</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">51-60</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/MPC1" class="mw-redirect" title="MPC1">SLC54A1</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/MPC1" class="mw-redirect" title="MPC1">Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>see also <a href="/wiki/Template:Solute_carrier_family" title="Template:Solute carrier family">solute carrier family</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genetic_disorders_relating_to_deficiencies_of_transcription_factor_or_coregulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transcription_factor_and_coregulator_deficiencies" title="Template:Transcription factor and coregulator deficiencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transcription_factor_and_coregulator_deficiencies" title="Template talk:Transcription factor and coregulator deficiencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transcription_factor_and_coregulator_deficiencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transcription factor and coregulator deficiencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genetic_disorders_relating_to_deficiencies_of_transcription_factor_or_coregulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder">Genetic disorders</a> relating to deficiencies of <a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">transcription factor</a> or coregulators</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(1) Basic domains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1.2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feingold_syndrome" title="Feingold syndrome">Feingold syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saethre%E2%80%93Chotzen_syndrome" title="Saethre–Chotzen syndrome">Saethre–Chotzen syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1.3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tietz_syndrome" title="Tietz syndrome">Tietz syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(2) Zinc finger<br />DNA-binding domains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2.1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Intracellular_receptor" title="Intracellular receptor">Intracellular receptor</a>): <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone_resistance" title="Thyroid hormone resistance">Thyroid hormone resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androgen_insensitivity_syndrome" title="Androgen insensitivity syndrome">Androgen insensitivity syndrome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partial_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome" title="Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome">PAIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mild_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome" title="Mild androgen insensitivity syndrome">MAIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complete_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome" title="Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome">CAIS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_and_bulbar_muscular_atrophy" title="Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy">Kennedy's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohypoaldosteronism" title="Pseudohypoaldosteronism">PHA1AD pseudohypoaldosteronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_insensitivity_syndrome" title="Estrogen insensitivity syndrome">Estrogen insensitivity syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-linked_adrenal_hypoplasia_congenita" title="X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita">X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODY_1" title="MODY 1">MODY 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familial_partial_lipodystrophy" title="Familial partial lipodystrophy">Familial partial lipodystrophy 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XY_gonadal_dysgenesis" title="XY gonadal dysgenesis">SF1 XY gonadal dysgenesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2.2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barakat_syndrome" title="Barakat syndrome">Barakat syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricho%E2%80%93rhino%E2%80%93phalangeal_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricho–rhino–phalangeal syndrome">Tricho–rhino–phalangeal syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2.3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greig_cephalopolysyndactyly_syndrome" title="Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome">Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pallister%E2%80%93Hall_syndrome" title="Pallister–Hall syndrome">Pallister–Hall syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys%E2%80%93Drash_syndrome" title="Denys–Drash syndrome">Denys–Drash syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane-radial_ray_syndrome" title="Duane-radial ray syndrome">Duane-radial ray syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturity_onset_diabetes_of_the_young" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturity onset diabetes of the young">MODY 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-linked_intellectual_disability" title="X-linked intellectual disability">MRX 89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townes%E2%80%93Brocks_syndrome" title="Townes–Brocks syndrome">Townes–Brocks syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrocallosal_syndrome" title="Acrocallosal syndrome">Acrocallosal syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myotonic_dystrophy" title="Myotonic dystrophy">Myotonic dystrophy 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2.5</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_polyendocrine_syndrome_type_1" title="Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1">Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(3) Helix-turn-helix domains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aristaless_related_homeobox" title="Aristaless related homeobox">ARX</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohtahara_syndrome" title="Ohtahara syndrome">Ohtahara syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lissencephaly" title="Lissencephaly">Lissencephaly X2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MNX1" title="MNX1">MNX1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Currarino_syndrome" title="Currarino syndrome">Currarino syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HOXD13" title="HOXD13">HOXD13</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synpolydactyly" title="Synpolydactyly">SPD1 synpolydactyly</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PDX1" title="PDX1">PDX1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MODY_4" title="MODY 4">MODY 4</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LMX1B" title="LMX1B">LMX1B</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nail%E2%80%93patella_syndrome" title="Nail–patella syndrome">Nail–patella syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MSX1" class="mw-redirect" title="MSX1">MSX1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tooth_and_nail_syndrome" title="Tooth and nail syndrome">Tooth and nail syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleft_lip_and_palate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleft lip and palate">OFC5</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PITX2" title="PITX2">PITX2</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axenfeld%E2%80%93Rieger_syndrome" title="Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome">Axenfeld syndrome 1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/POU4F3" title="POU4F3">POU4F3</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonsyndromic_deafness" title="Nonsyndromic deafness">DFNA15</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/POU3F4" title="POU3F4">POU3F4</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonsyndromic_deafness" title="Nonsyndromic deafness">DFNX2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ZEB1" title="ZEB1">ZEB1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_polymorphous_corneal_dystrophy" title="Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy">Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fuchs' dystrophy 3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ZEB2" title="ZEB2">ZEB2</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mowat%E2%80%93Wilson_syndrome" title="Mowat–Wilson syndrome">Mowat–Wilson syndrome</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/PAX2" title="PAX2">PAX2</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papillorenal_syndrome" title="Papillorenal syndrome">Papillorenal syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PAX3" title="PAX3">PAX3</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waardenburg_syndrome" title="Waardenburg syndrome">Waardenburg syndrome 1&3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PAX4" title="PAX4">PAX4</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maturity_onset_diabetes_of_the_young" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturity onset diabetes of the young">MODY 9</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PAX6" title="PAX6">PAX6</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gillespie_syndrome" title="Gillespie syndrome">Gillespie syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloboma_of_optic_nerve" title="Coloboma of optic nerve">Coloboma of optic nerve</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PAX8" title="PAX8">PAX8</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_hypothyroidism" title="Congenital hypothyroidism">Congenital hypothyroidism 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PAX9" title="PAX9">PAX9</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypodontia" title="Hypodontia">STHAG3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Forkhead_box_C1" title="Forkhead box C1">FOXC1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axenfeld_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Axenfeld syndrome">Axenfeld syndrome 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridogoniodysgenesis,_dominant_type" title="Iridogoniodysgenesis, dominant type">Iridogoniodysgenesis, dominant type</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FOXC2" title="FOXC2">FOXC2</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lymphedema%E2%80%93distichiasis_syndrome" title="Lymphedema–distichiasis syndrome">Lymphedema–distichiasis syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FOXE1" title="FOXE1">FOXE1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamforth%E2%80%93Lazarus_syndrome" title="Bamforth–Lazarus syndrome">Bamforth–Lazarus syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FOXE3" title="FOXE3">FOXE3</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_segment_mesenchymal_dysgenesis" title="Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis">Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FOXF1" title="FOXF1">FOXF1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_capillary_dysplasia" title="Alveolar capillary dysplasia">ACD/MPV</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FOXI1" title="FOXI1">FOXI1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlarged_vestibular_aqueduct" title="Enlarged vestibular aqueduct">Enlarged vestibular aqueduct</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forkhead_box_L2" class="mw-redirect" title="Forkhead box L2">FOXL2</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premature_ovarian_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Premature ovarian failure">Premature ovarian failure 3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FOXP3" title="FOXP3">FOXP3</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPEX_syndrome" title="IPEX syndrome">IPEX</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3.5</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/IRF6" title="IRF6">IRF6</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Woude_syndrome" title="Van der Woude syndrome">Van der Woude syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popliteal_pterygium_syndrome" title="Popliteal pterygium syndrome">Popliteal pterygium syndrome</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(4) β-Scaffold factors<br />with minor groove contacts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4.2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperimmunoglobulin_E_syndrome" title="Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome">Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4.3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holt%E2%80%93Oram_syndrome" title="Holt–Oram syndrome">Holt–Oram syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li%E2%80%93Fraumeni_syndrome" title="Li–Fraumeni syndrome">Li–Fraumeni syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulnar%E2%80%93mammary_syndrome" title="Ulnar–mammary syndrome">Ulnar–mammary syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4.7</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campomelic_dysplasia" title="Campomelic dysplasia">Campomelic dysplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODY_3" title="MODY 3">MODY 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODY_5" class="mw-redirect" title="MODY 5">MODY 5</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steroidogenic_factor_1" title="Steroidogenic factor 1">SF1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XY_gonadal_dysgenesis" title="XY gonadal dysgenesis">SRY XY gonadal dysgenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premature_ovarian_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Premature ovarian failure">Premature ovarian failure 7</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SOX10" title="SOX10">SOX10</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waardenburg_syndrome" title="Waardenburg syndrome">Waardenburg syndrome 4c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_deaf-blind_hypopigmentation_syndrome" title="Yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome">Yemenite deaf-blind hypopigmentation syndrome</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4.11</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleidocranial_dysostosis" title="Cleidocranial dysostosis">Cleidocranial dysostosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(0) Other transcription factors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="0.6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">0.6</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabuki_syndrome" title="Kabuki syndrome">Kabuki syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/TCF4" title="TCF4">TCF4</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitt%E2%80%93Hopkins_syndrome" title="Pitt–Hopkins syndrome">Pitt–Hopkins syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ZFP57" title="ZFP57">ZFP57</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transient_neonatal_diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus">TNDM1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TP63" title="TP63">TP63</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapp%E2%80%93Hodgkin_syndrome" title="Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome">Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hay%E2%80%93Wells_syndrome" title="Hay–Wells syndrome">Hay–Wells syndrome</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ectrodactyly%E2%80%93ectodermal_dysplasia%E2%80%93cleft_syndrome" title="Ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft syndrome">Ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft syndrome 3</a>/<a href="/wiki/Limb%E2%80%93mammary_syndrome" title="Limb–mammary syndrome">Limb–mammary syndrome</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cleft_lip_and_palate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleft lip and palate">OFC8</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transcription_coregulator" title="Transcription coregulator">Transcription coregulators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coactivator:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/CREB-binding_protein" title="CREB-binding protein">CREBBP</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rubinstein%E2%80%93Taybi_syndrome" title="Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome">Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corepressor:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/HR_(gene)" title="HR (gene)">HR</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Atrichia_with_papular_lesions" title="Atrichia with papular lesions">Atrichia with papular lesions</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fuchs%27_dystrophy&oldid=1251979283">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fuchs%27_dystrophy&oldid=1251979283</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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