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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_General" title="El General – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="El General" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgardo_Franco" title="Edgardo Franco – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Edgardo Franco" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgardo_Franco" title="Edgardo Franco – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edgardo Franco" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_General" title="El General – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El General" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ال جينيرال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ال جينيرال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgardo_Franco" title="Edgardo Franco – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Edgardo Franco" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Panamanian considered father of Spanish reggae. For the Tunisian rapper, see <a href="/wiki/El_General_(rapper)" title="El General (rapper)">El General (rapper)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="fn">El General</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:El_general_1993_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/El_general_1993_2.png/220px-El_general_1993_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/El_general_1993_2.png/330px-El_general_1993_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/El_general_1993_2.png/440px-El_general_1993_2.png 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="897" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">El General at the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar_International_Song_Festival" title="Viña del Mar International Song Festival">Viña del Mar Festival</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1969-09-27</span>) </span>27 September 1969<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 55)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a>, Panama</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Reggae en Español">Reggae en Español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">dancehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga">ragga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Singer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instrument</th><td class="infobox-data note">Vocals</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1990–2006</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Records" title="RCA Records">RCA International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertelsmann_Music_Group" title="Bertelsmann Music Group">BMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodven_Records" title="Rodven Records">Rodven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PolyGram" title="PolyGram">PolyGram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydor_Records" title="Polydor Records">Polydor</a></li> <li>Lideres</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> <p><b>Edgardo Armando Franco</b> (born 27 September 1969), better known as <b>El General</b>, is a Panamanian former reggae artist<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> considered by some to be one of the fathers of <i><a href="/wiki/Reggae_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Reggae en Español">reggae en Español</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a precursor to <a href="/wiki/Reggaet%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Reggaetón">reggaetón</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LatHist_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatHist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the early 1990s, he was one of the artists who initiated the Spanish-language <a href="/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">dancehall</a> variety of reggae music. Early examples of this were the international and somewhat mainstream songs, "Te Ves Buena" and "Tu Pum Pum". “Tu Pum Pum" emerged after a friend of El General invited him to collaborate with a Jamaican producer that was searching for a “different sound in Panama."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both songs, performed in Spanish <a href="/wiki/Deejay_(Jamaican)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deejay (Jamaican)">deejaying</a> style, were very successful in North America. After getting his foot in the door of the commercial market, many other Spanish-language dancehall reggae artists became famous in the mainstream as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Santos,_Mayra_1996_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Santos,_Mayra_1996-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has a unique, easy to listen to style of <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a> and has produced many well-known songs all over Latin America. </p><p>El General retired from music in 2004 and became one of <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_General&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El General began singing and composing songs at the age of 12 in his home in <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Abajo" title="Río Abajo">Río Abajo</a>, Panama. El General is of Jamaican descent.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jamaicans, Bajans, Trinidadians and other West Indians moved to Panama to fill the need of labor for the construction of the Panama Canal. As laborers on the Canal they were met with harsh conditions like low wages and terrible living conditions. Black Panamanians of Caribbean descent (antillanos) were also mistreated and segregated based on their Caribbean ancestry and were unable to assimilate to national Panamanian culture.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While El General was growing up Spanish Reggae as a genre began to rise in Panama. In the 1980s, Spanish Reggae in Panama was the use of riddims that were popular in Jamaica and the rapping/singing of direct translations on the same beat.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Panamaians of Caribbean descent the use of Jamaican riddims was anti-establishment and enforced what Wayne Marshall says, “ ‘provides a telling set of examples of how the meanings of Jamaican reggae continue to resonate in Panama, even after translation into Spanish’ ”<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of Caribbean sounds in Spanish Reggae made the genre anti-establishment and a form of resistance to a country that denied Panamanians of Caribbean descent.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Describing himself as a “restless child,” El General would use different objects such as buckets, flutes, and anything in front of him to serve as an instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Musically influenced by <a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burro_Banton" title="Burro Banton">Burro Banton</a> growing up, El General recounts in an interview his love for reggae. When he was younger, he was a part of a group called Renato and the Four Stars, which is when he got his nickname, “El General,” where they would sing reggae in Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He then received a scholarship, the young artist moved to the United States to study <a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">business administration</a>, and became a professional accountant. While studying, he was also an MC for parties and opened up for dancehall and hip-hop musical acts. His connection to Black diasporic communities in New York both influenced his music and led to his music being spread across the Americas including the US, Panama, and Puerto Rico. This led to extreme popularity in the 90s with his first song “Tu Pum Pum,”<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_influence">Career and influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_General&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His breakout performance came in 1994, when he was featured on the song "Robi-Rob's Boriqua Anthem" from <a href="/wiki/C%2BC_Music_Factory" title="C+C Music Factory">C+C Music Factory</a>'s album <a href="/wiki/Anything_Goes!_(C%2BC_Music_Factory_album)" title="Anything Goes! (C+C Music Factory album)">Anything Goes</a>. During this time, he started working with <a href="/wiki/Chino_Rodriguez" title="Chino Rodriguez">Chino Rodriguez</a>, an entrepreneur in the Latin music industry, who convinced Franco a.k.a. El General (as his close friends and family would call him), to perform a <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">salsa</a> song before his performance of "Robi-Rob's Boriqua Anthem". The performance was at the <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Mercado" title="Ralph Mercado">Ralph Mercado</a> (owner of <a href="/wiki/RMM_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="RMM Records">RMM Records</a> and who always produced large Latino events in New York). The fans were surprised that El General (Franco) sang a salsa song. Ralph Mercado gave El General more time in the tight schedule of stage allotment to do the salsa song before the scheduled performance of "Boriqua Anthem". Chino Rodriguez was able to convince Ralph Mercado to allow more time so that El General could surprise his fans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He started his musical career when he was 19 years old, and for 17 years, his albums achieved gold status 32 times and platinum 17 times. Popular reggae in Spanish music in Panama was (and is still) called plena. Songs like "Muévelo" (1991), "Tu Pum Pum" (1991), "<a href="/wiki/Rica_y_Apretadita" title="Rica y Apretadita">Rica y Apretadita</a>" and "Te Ves Buena" are among his greatest hits. In 1992, El General received an MTV award for Best Latin Video with the great success of "Muévelo" produced by Pablo "Pabanor" Ortiz and <a href="/wiki/Erick_Morillo" title="Erick Morillo">Erick "More" Morillo</a>. In 1993, El General won the Rap Artist of the Year Award at the <a href="/wiki/Premio_Lo_Nuestro_1993" title="Premio Lo Nuestro 1993">Lo Nuestro Awards</a>. </p><p>When asked in an interview about reggae and its true roots, El General responded with the history of the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> and migration of Jamaican folks into Panama.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  He shared that his musicality had been influenced by Burro Banton and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a>, and how he had hoped to gain musical acceptance in Jamaica out of respect for reggae native home: Jamaica. He also shared that reggae transitioned into a meaningful form of protest and a means of sharing information regarding everyday life, the news, or corruption in the government. </p><p>The Panama Canal connects Atlantic and Pacific trade routes and the descendants of the Black workers brought over “dancehall—an updated version of Jamaican reggae—into Panamanian sound system parties,”<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Panama, as a result, became a “multicultural melting pot” in which folks from Jamaica and Barbados were entering Panamanian spaces. Many reggaeton songs use <a href="/wiki/Dembow" class="mw-redirect" title="Dembow">dembow</a> as their underlying basis for rhythm.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The relationship between labor of Black, low-income folks in Panama City and reggaeton music has been their usage of reggae music as a form of protest. Afro-Panamanian artist Renato expressed that it was through singing reggaeton that financially struggling Black folks could protest the government and police brutality.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This could be seen in the music of El General's former band partner Renato, whose 1987 Spanish Reggae song “Lo que el D.E.N.I. puede hacer”, based on Lloyd Lovindeer's Jamaican hit "Babylon Boops", recounts a case of police brutality in response to a domestic violence incident.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to reggae anti-policing history, themes regarding the commercialization of reggaeton, sexism, homophobia, and colorism emerged.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the podcast Loud hosted by Puerto Rican and reggaeton artist <a href="/wiki/Ivy_Queen" title="Ivy Queen">Ivy Queen</a>, Ivy Queen shared her concerns regarding the role that commercialization of the genre plays in potentially silencing the rebellious fundamental themes in the music. The pushing away of Black roots can be detrimental to the very history that is reggaeton. </p><p>El General's success has been tremendous and influential to the genre of Reggaeton today. After gaining international notoriety in the early 1990s, his style of Spanish Reggae influenced “Underground” which would birth what is now considered <i>Reggaetón</i> in Puerto Rico,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> establishing the popularity of Spanish-language reggae rap in Latin America and the Caribbean.<sup id="cite_ref-LatHist_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatHist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El General's success also serves as a way of understanding how important the connection between Black communities in Panama, the Caribbean (Jaimaica, Barbados, etc.), and the Caribbean-American communities in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The influence of El General and Panamanian Spanish Regé artists,  has been noted by popular reggae artists like Maicol Superstar<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement">Retirement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_General&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004, El General went on a farewell tour, announcing his retirement to focus on producing. However, after a few years, he seemed to have disappeared completely. A video that surfaced in 2008 features Franco explaining his return to the <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witness</a> faith and his leave from the music scene. Franco describes his time making music as a dark era and refers to his platinum records and accolades as “trophies from the devil”.<sup id="cite_ref-Cepeda_2017_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cepeda_2017-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Franco is part of a wave of Latin artists (like <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_el_Father" title="Héctor el Father">Héctor el Father</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farruko" title="Farruko">Farruko</a>) who have left Reggaeton for religious reasons. Gata, a cultural critic and Reggaeton artist, links the trend of these artists to notions of patriarchy and machismo and feeling guilty over sexual explicit lyrics.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_General&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Pu tun tun</i> (1990)</li> <li><i>Estás Buena</i> (1990)</li> <li><i>Muévelo Con el General</i> (1991)</li> <li>"Son Bow" (1990)</li> <li>"No Más Guerra" (1991)</li> <li><i>El Poder del General</i> (1992)</li> <li><i>Es Mundial</i> (1994)</li> <li><i>Clubb 555</i> (1995)</li> <li><i>Rapa Pan Pan</i> (1997)</li> <li><i>Move It Up</i> (1998)</li> <li><i>Grandes Éxitos</i> (1998)</li> <li><i>Colección Original</i> (1998)</li> <li><i>Serie 2000</i> (2000)</li> <li><i>Back to the Original</i> (2001)</li> <li><i>IS BACK</i> (2001)</li> <li><i>General De Fiesta</i> (2002)</li> <li><i>El General: The Hits</i> (2003)</li> <li><i>To' Rap-Eao</i> (2003)</li> <li><i>La Ficha Clave</i> (2004)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_General&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emol.com/noticias/internacional/2004/10/01/159951/gobierno-panameno-anula-pasaporte-diplomatico-a-sean-connery.html">"Gobierno panameño annual passport diplomatic a Sean Connery"</a> (in Spanish). emol. 1 October 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gobierno+paname%C3%B1o+annual+passport+diplomatic+a+Sean+Connery&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emol.com%2Fnoticias%2Finternacional%2F2004%2F10%2F01%2F159951%2Fgobierno-panameno-anula-pasaporte-diplomatico-a-sean-connery.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+General" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elespectador.com/entretenimiento/musica/el-reggaeton-el-genero-musical-que-subestimaron-articulo-811520">"Reggae en español, el género musical que subestimaron"</a>. <i>El Espectador</i> (in Spanish). 11 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Espectador&rft.atitle=Reggae+en+espa%C3%B1ol%2C+el+g%C3%A9nero+musical+que+subestimaron&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elespectador.com%2Fentretenimiento%2Fmusica%2Fel-reggaeton-el-genero-musical-que-subestimaron-articulo-811520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+General" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStavans2014" class="citation book cs1">Stavans, Ilan, ed. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3RbOEAAAQBAJ"><i>Latin Music: Musicians, Genres, and Themes</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 5–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34396-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34396-4"><bdi>978-0-313-34396-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latin+Music%3A+Musicians%2C+Genres%2C+and+Themes&rft.pages=5-6&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34396-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3RbOEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+General" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LatHist-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LatHist_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LatHist_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonardLugo-Lugo2015" class="citation book cs1">Leonard, David J.; Lugo-Lugo, Carmen R., eds. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FPBnBwAAQBAJ"><i>Latino History and Culture: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-46646-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-46646-8"><bdi>978-1-317-46646-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latino+History+and+Culture%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-46646-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFPBnBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+General" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanguardia2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vanguardia (2 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vanguardia.com.mx/show/3124516-donde-quedo-edgardo-franco-el-general-GTVG3124516">"¿Dónde quedó Edgardo A. Franco, "El General"?"</a>. <i>Vanguardia</i> (in Spanish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vanguardia&rft.atitle=%C2%BFD%C3%B3nde+qued%C3%B3+Edgardo+A.+Franco%2C+%22El+General%22%3F&rft.date=2016-03-02&rft.au=Vanguardia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvanguardia.com.mx%2Fshow%2F3124516-donde-quedo-edgardo-franco-el-general-GTVG3124516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+General" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Santos,_Mayra_1996-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Santos,_Mayra_1996_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Santos, Mayra. 1996. "Puerto Rican Underground." Centro 8, no. 1 & 2: 219–231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivera-Rideau2015" class="citation book cs1">Rivera-Rideau, Petra R. (2015). <i>Remixing Reggaetón</i>. United States of America: Duke University Press. pp. 29–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-5964-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-5964-7"><bdi>978-0-8223-5964-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remixing+Reggaet%C3%B3n&rft.place=United+States+of+America&rft.pages=29-31&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-5964-7&rft.aulast=Rivera-Rideau&rft.aufirst=Petra+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+General" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/puente-entre-panama-y-puerto-rico-feat-maicol-superstar/id1476423464?i=1000469124682">"Perreo 101: Puente Entre Panama y Puerto Rico feat. Maicol Superstar on Apple Podcasts"</a>. <i>Apple Podcasts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+Podcasts&rft.atitle=Perreo+101%3A+Puente+Entre+Panama+y+Puerto+Rico+feat.+Maicol+Superstar+on+Apple+Podcasts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpodcasts.apple.com%2Fus%2Fpodcast%2Fpuente-entre-panama-y-puerto-rico-feat-maicol-superstar%2Fid1476423464%3Fi%3D1000469124682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+General" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6104431/loud-spotify-podcast-reggaeton-history/">"Reggaeton Is So Much More Than Party Music. This Podcast Breaks Down Its Political Roots"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 6 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Reggaeton+Is+So+Much+More+Than+Party+Music.+This+Podcast+Breaks+Down+Its+Political+Roots&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6104431%2Floud-spotify-podcast-reggaeton-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+General" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://remezcla.com/features/music/tu-pum-pum-2/">"Panamanian Artists Helped Birth Reggaeton, Then the Industry Left Them Behind"</a>. <i>Remezcla</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Remezcla&rft.atitle=Panamanian+Artists+Helped+Birth+Reggaeton%2C+Then+the+Industry+Left+Them+Behind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fremezcla.com%2Ffeatures%2Fmusic%2Ftu-pum-pum-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+General" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cepeda_2017-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cepeda_2017_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCepeda2017" class="citation web cs1">Cepeda, Eduardo (6 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/7xpbpa/el-general-pioneered-the-sound-of-reggaeton-then-disappeared-entirely">"El General Pioneered the Sound of Reggaeton, Then Disappeared Entirely"</a>. <i>VICE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VICE&rft.atitle=El+General+Pioneered+the+Sound+of+Reggaeton%2C+Then+Disappeared+Entirely&rft.date=2017-06-06&rft.aulast=Cepeda&rft.aufirst=Eduardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2F7xpbpa%2Fel-general-pioneered-the-sound-of-reggaeton-then-disappeared-entirely&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+General" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_General&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1565975/">El General</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/13509710X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2002019555">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000045663">Argentina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/64291b1a-94b8-46cd-b1d1-8d2e1f2bffff">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/13509710X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=El_General&oldid=1257594466">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=El_General&oldid=1257594466</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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