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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Soviet era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_status,_local_government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_status,_local_government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legal status, local government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_status,_local_government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legal status, local government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_status,_local_government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal_status_and_local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_status_and_local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Legal status and local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_status_and_local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditional_subdivision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_subdivision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Traditional subdivision</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_subdivision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formal_subdivision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formal_subdivision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Formal subdivision</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formal_subdivision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Historical population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Ethnic composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Language statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Jews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_and_galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Museums and galleries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_anthem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_anthem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>City anthem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_anthem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>City symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Manufacture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education and science</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education_and_science-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education and science subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education_and_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scientific_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Scientific research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>University education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Secondary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Public libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.1</span> <span>Local public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads_and_bridges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads_and_bridges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.2</span> <span>Roads and bridges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads_and_bridges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.3</span> <span>Air transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.4</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_and_sanitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_and_sanitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Water and sanitation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_and_sanitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Twin towns – sister cities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_cooperation_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_cooperation_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Other cooperation agreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_cooperation_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts,_literature,_and_entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts,_literature,_and_entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Arts, literature, and entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts,_literature,_and_entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Science and technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_conflicts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_conflicts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5</span> <span>Military conflicts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_conflicts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.6</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.7</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Honour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kyiv</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 221 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-221" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">221 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijif" title="Kijif – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kijif" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiew" title="Kiew – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kiew" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AA%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%AD" title="ኪየቭ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኪየቭ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiova" title="Kiova – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kiova" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A6nugeard" title="Cænugeard – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cænugeard" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%81" title="كييف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كييف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%A5%D6%82" title="Քիեւ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Քիեւ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyev" title="Kiyev – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kiyev" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%81" title="کی‌یئف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کی‌یئف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD" title="কিয়েভ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিয়েভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%9E" title="Кіеў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіеў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%9E" title="Кіеў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кіеў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5" title="कीव – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कीव" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiew" title="Kiew – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kiew" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀིབ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀིབ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijev" title="Kijev – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kijev" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADiv" title="Kíiv – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kíiv" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%C3%BF" title="Кейÿ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кейÿ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyjev" title="Kyjev – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyjev" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%DA%A4" title="كييڤ – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كييڤ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiova" title="Kiova – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kiova" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiew" title="Kiew – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kiew" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsinaa%CA%BCee%C5%82%C3%ADk%CA%BCeh" title="Tsinaaʼeełíkʼeh – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsinaaʼeełíkʼeh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijew" title="Kijew – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kijew" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiiev" title="Kiiev – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiiev" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%B5%CE%B2%CE%BF" title="Κίεβο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κίεβο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Киев ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Киев ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievo" title="Kievo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kievo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%81" title="کی‌یف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کی‌یف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%ABv" title="Kiëv – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kiëv" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADv" title="Cív – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cív" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1yiv" title="Kıyiv – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kıyiv" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADiv" title="Kíiv – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kíiv" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌾𐌿𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐍉𐌽𐌾𐌿𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%9A%B0" title="키이우 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="키이우" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiewa" title="Kiewa – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kiewa" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D6%87" title="Կիև – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիև" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5" title="कीव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कीव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijew" title="Kijew – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kijew" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijev" title="Kijev – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kijev" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyiv" title="Kiyiv – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kiyiv" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiovia" title="Kiovia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Kiovia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKiyevi" title="IKiyevi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IKiyevi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A6nugar%C3%B0ur" title="Kænugarður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kænugarður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91" title="קייב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קייב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiy%C3%A8f" title="Kiyèf – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kiyèf" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiy%C9%9B%C9%9Bv%C9%A9" title="Kiyɛɛvɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kiyɛɛvɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕೀವ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೀವ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="კიევი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კიევი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%88" title="کیٖو – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کیٖو" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czijew" title="Czijew – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Czijew" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Кыйив – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Кыйив" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C3%A8v" title="Kyèv – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kyèv" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%AEev" title="Kîev – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kîev" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%9F" title="ຄີຟ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄີຟ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijiva" title="Kijiva – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kijiva" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiovia" title="Kiovia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kiovia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijiva" title="Kijiva – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kijiva" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiew" title="Kiew – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kiew" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyjivas" title="Kyjivas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kyjivas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyjiw" title="Kyjiw – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kyjiw" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciiv" title="Ciiv – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ciiv" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijev" title="Kijev – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kijev" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijev" title="Kijev – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kijev" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="കീവ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കീവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieu" title="Kieu – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kieu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5" title="क्यीव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्यीव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="კიევი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კიევი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%81" title="كييف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كييف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%81" title="کی‌یف – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کی‌یف" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Кыив – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кыив" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ကီးယက်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကီးယက်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD" title="किभ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="किभ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A6" title="キーウ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キーウ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiew" title="Kiew – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kiew" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyev" title="Kiyev – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kiyev" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiiv" title="Kyiiv – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kyiiv" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyev" title="Kiyev – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kiyev" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5" title="ਕੀਵ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੀਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81" title="کیف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%81" title="کییف – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کییف" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C" title="កៀវ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កៀវ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijv" title="Kijv – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kijv" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiew" title="Kiew – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kiew" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kij%C3%B3w" title="Kijów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kijów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%B5%CE%B2%CE%BF" title="Κίεβο – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Κίεβο" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1yiv" title="Kıyiv – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kıyiv" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyiw" title="Kiyiw – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kiyiw" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%94%D0%B2" title="Кієв – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кієв" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci-pu" title="Ci-pu – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ci-pu" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7" title="ᱠᱤᱭᱮᱵᱷ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱤᱭᱮᱵᱷ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%D1%97v" title="Kyїv – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Kyїv" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievi" title="Kievi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kievi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%81" title="ڪيف – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪيف" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyjev" title="Kyjev – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kyjev" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijev" title="Kijev – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kijev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%EA%99%91%D1%A5%D0%B2%D1%8A" title="Кꙑѥвъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Кꙑѥвъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyj%C5%8Dw" title="Kyjōw – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kyjōw" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%8E%DA%A4" title="کیێڤ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کیێڤ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Кијев – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кијев" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijev" title="Kijev – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kijev" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiova" title="Kiova – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiova" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D" title="கீவ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கீவ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9F" title="เคียฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคียฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Киив – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Киив" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiivi" title="Kiivi – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kiivi" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%BDew" title="Kiýew – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kiýew" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyip" title="Kyip – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kyip" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Киев – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Киев" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2" title="Київ – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Київ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%81" title="کیئف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیئف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%90%DB%8B" title="كىيېۋ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كىيېۋ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gihfuj" title="Gihfuj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gihfuj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijev" title="Kijev – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kijev" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCyiv" title="Küyiv – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Küyiv" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiiova" title="Kiiova – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kiiova" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyif" title="Kiyif – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Kiyif" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="基輔" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kyiv" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyew" title="Kiyew – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kiyew" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%85" title="基辅 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="基辅" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95" title="קיעוו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קיעוו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="基輔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Kiev" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijevs" title="Kijevs – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kijevs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94" title="基輔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基輔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiip" title="Kiip – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kiip" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijev" title="Kijev – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kijev" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1899#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Ukraine</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the capital of Ukraine. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kyiv (disambiguation)">Kyiv (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city and city with special status in Ukraine</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Kyiv</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">Київ</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>)</span></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Kiev</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/City_with_special_status" title="City with special status">city with special status</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" 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href="/wiki/Maidan_Nezalezhnosti" title="Maidan Nezalezhnosti">Independence Square</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:156px;max-width:156px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P1130119-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P1130119-1.JPG/154px-P1130119-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="154" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P1130119-1.JPG/231px-P1130119-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/P1130119-1.JPG/308px-P1130119-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra" title="Kyiv Pechersk Lavra">Kyiv Pechersk Lavra</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%2C_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2019.jpg/154px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%2C_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%2C_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2019.jpg/231px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%2C_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%2C_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2019.jpg/308px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%2C_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/House_with_Chimaeras" title="House with Chimaeras">House with Chimaeras</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg/130px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg/195px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg/260px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6108" data-file-height="4842" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral,_Kyiv" title="Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv">Saint Sophia Cathedral</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:161px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96_%28cropped%29.jpg/432px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96_%28cropped%29.jpg/576px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4952" data-file-height="2783" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mariinskyi_Palace" title="Mariinskyi Palace">Mariinskyi Palace</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Kyiv"><img alt="Flag of Kyiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/100px-Flag_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/150px-Flag_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/200px-Flag_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kyiv" title="Flag of Kyiv">Flag</a></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Kyiv"><img alt="Coat of arms of Kyiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/75px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/113px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/150px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kyiv" title="Coat of arms of Kyiv">Coat of arms</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyiv_logo_english.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Kyiv"><img alt="Official logo of Kyiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Kyiv_logo_english.svg/100px-Kyiv_logo_english.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Kyiv_logo_english.svg/150px-Kyiv_logo_english.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Kyiv_logo_english.svg/200px-Kyiv_logo_english.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">Logo</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Mother of <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_people" title="Rus' people">Rus'</a> Cities<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <a href="/wiki/How_Can_I_Not_Love_You,_Kyiv_of_Mine!" class="mw-redirect" title="How Can I Not Love You, Kyiv of Mine!">How Can I Not Love You, Kyiv of Mine!</a><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="151" data-mwtitle="How_can_I_not_love_you_Kyiv_of_mine.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/How_can_I_not_love_you_Kyiv_of_mine.ogg/How_can_I_not_love_you_Kyiv_of_mine.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/How_can_I_not_love_you_Kyiv_of_mine.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="300" data-zoom="9" data-lat="50.4" data-lon="30.54" data-overlays="["_1cbbc753a13966c648933f5164000327dcc053cd"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/9/50.4/30.54/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,50.4,30.54,300x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kyiv&revid=1258938619&groups=_1cbbc753a13966c648933f5164000327dcc053cd" width="300" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,50.4,30.54,300x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kyiv&revid=1258938619&groups=_1cbbc753a13966c648933f5164000327dcc053cd 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Kyiv</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Ukraine_under_russian_occupation,_grey_(2014%E2%80%932022).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kyiv is located in Ukraine"><img alt="Kyiv is located in Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Map_of_Ukraine_under_russian_occupation%2C_grey_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg/300px-Map_of_Ukraine_under_russian_occupation%2C_grey_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Map_of_Ukraine_under_russian_occupation%2C_grey_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg/450px-Map_of_Ukraine_under_russian_occupation%2C_grey_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Map_of_Ukraine_under_russian_occupation%2C_grey_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg/600px-Map_of_Ukraine_under_russian_occupation%2C_grey_%282014%E2%80%932022%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3780" data-file-height="2540" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.163%;left:46.997%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kyiv"><img alt="Kyiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kyiv</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Kyiv in Ukraine</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Ukraine</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kyiv is located in Europe"><img alt="Kyiv is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/300px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/450px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/600px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.368%;left:65.949%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kyiv"><img alt="Kyiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kyiv</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Kyiv (Europe)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kyiv&params=50_27_00_N_30_31_24_E_region:UA-30_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°27′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">30°31′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.45000°N 30.52333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.45000; 30.52333</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">Municipality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_and_local_government_of_Kyiv" title="Legal status and local government of Kyiv">Kyiv</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">482 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a> (officially)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyi">Kyi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">City council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_City_Council" title="Kyiv City Council">Kyiv City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="#Subdivisions">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List of 10</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Darnytskyi_District" title="Darnytskyi District">Darnytskyi District</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Desnianskyi_District,_Kyiv" title="Desnianskyi District, Kyiv">Desnianskyi District</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dniprovskyi_District,_Kyiv" title="Dniprovskyi District, Kyiv">Dniprovskyi District</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Holosiivskyi_District" title="Holosiivskyi District">Holosiivskyi District</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Obolonskyi_District" title="Obolonskyi District">Obolonskyi District</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pecherskyi_District" title="Pecherskyi District">Pecherskyi District</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Podilskyi_District" title="Podilskyi District">Podilskyi District</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Shevchenkivskyi_District,_Kyiv" title="Shevchenkivskyi District, Kyiv">Shevchenkivskyi District</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Solomianskyi_District" title="Solomianskyi District">Solomianskyi District</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sviatoshynskyi_District" title="Sviatoshynskyi District">Sviatoshynskyi District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Kyiv" title="Mayor of Kyiv">Mayor and Head of City State Administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a><sup id="cite_ref-KKMs5614_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKMs5614-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poroshenko_appoints_Klitschko_head_of_Kyiv_city_administration_-_decree_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poroshenko_appoints_Klitschko_head_of_Kyiv_city_administration_-_decree-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/City_with_special_status" title="City with special status">city with special status</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">839 km<sup>2</sup> (324 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">179 m (587 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(1 January 2021)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/City_with_special_status" title="City with special status">city with special status</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral decrease"><img alt="Neutral decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/11px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/17px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/22px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></span></span> 2,952,301<sup id="cite_ref-Number_of_present_population_of_Ukraine_1_January_2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Number_of_present_population_of_Ukraine_1_January_2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of cities in Ukraine">1st</a> in Ukraine<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_cities_by_population_within_city_limits" title="List of European cities by population within city limits">7th</a> in Europe</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,299/km<sup>2</sup> (8,540/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,475,000<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation.de_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_metropolitan_area" title="Kyiv metropolitan area">Kyiv metropolitan area</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kyivan,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kievan<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> Киянин, Киянка (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">uk</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ukrainian_subdivisions_by_GRP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ukrainian subdivisions by GRP">GDP</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a> and <a href="/wiki/City_with_special_status" title="City with special status">city with special status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_hryvnia" title="Ukrainian hryvnia">₴</a>1.28 <a href="/wiki/1,000,000,000,000" class="mw-redirect" title="1,000,000,000,000">trillion</a> (<a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">US$</a>46.76 <a href="/wiki/1,000,000,000" title="1,000,000,000">billion</a>) (2021)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">₴431,616 (<a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">US$</a>15,815.9) (2021)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">01xxx–04xxx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+380 44</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">UA-30</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration plate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">AA, KA (before 2004: КА, КВ, КЕ, КН, КІ, KT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards" title="Federal Information Processing Standards">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_FIPS_region_codes_(S-U)#UP:_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of FIPS region codes (S-U)">UP12</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kyivcity.gov.ua/">kyivcity.gov.ua</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kyiv</b> (also <b>Kiev</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the capital and most populous <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of cities in Ukraine">city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. It is in north-central Ukraine along the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper River</a>. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2,952,301,<sup id="cite_ref-Number_of_present_population_of_Ukraine_1_January_2022_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Number_of_present_population_of_Ukraine_1_January_2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making Kyiv the <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_cities_by_population_within_city_limits" title="List of European cities by population within city limits">seventh-most populous</a> city in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kyiv is an important industrial, scientific, educational, and cultural center in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>. It is home to many <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high-tech</a> industries, higher education institutions, and historical landmarks. The city has an extensive system of <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kyiv" title="Transport in Kyiv">public transport</a> and infrastructure, including the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Metro" title="Kyiv Metro">Kyiv Metro</a>. </p><p>The city's name is said to derive from the name of <a href="/wiki/Kyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyi">Kyi</a>, one of its four legendary founders. During <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyiv" title="History of Kyiv">its history</a>, Kyiv, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of prominence and obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial center as early as the 5th century. A <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a> settlement on the great trade route between <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, Kyiv was a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until its capture by the <a href="/wiki/Varangians" title="Varangians">Varangians</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a>) in the mid-9th century. Under Varangian rule, the city became a capital of <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavic</a> state. Completely <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kiev_(1240)" title="Siege of Kiev (1240)">destroyed</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Mongol invasions</a> in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. Coming under <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Poland</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>, the city would grow from a frontier market into an important centre of Orthodox learning in the sixteenth century, and later of industry, commerce, and administration by the nineteenth.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city prospered again during the Russian Empire's <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> in the late 19th century. In 1918, when the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a> declared independence from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a> after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> there, Kyiv became its capital. From the end of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian-Soviet_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian-Soviet war">Ukrainian-Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Soviet war">Polish-Soviet</a> wars in 1921, Kyiv was a city of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a>, and made its capital in 1934. The city suffered significant destruction during <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">World War II</a> but quickly recovered in the postwar years, remaining the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>'s third-largest city. </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">the collapse of the Soviet Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of Ukraine">Ukrainian independence</a> in 1991, Kyiv remained Ukraine's capital and experienced a steady <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration to Ukraine">influx</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">ethnic Ukrainian</a> migrants from other <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Ukraine">regions of the country</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Ukraine_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Ukraine-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the country's transformation to a <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">electoral democracy</a>, Kyiv has continued to be Ukraine's largest and wealthiest city. Its armament-dependent industrial output fell after the Soviet collapse, adversely affecting science and technology, but new sectors of the economy such as services and <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">finance</a> facilitated Kyiv's growth in salaries and investment, as well as providing continuous funding for the development of <a href="/wiki/Housing" title="Housing">housing</a> and urban infrastructure. Kyiv emerged as the most <a href="/wiki/Pro-Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Western">pro-Western</a> region of Ukraine; <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Ukraine" title="Political parties in Ukraine">parties</a> advocating tighter <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">integration with the European Union</a> dominate during <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ukraine" title="Elections in Ukraine">elections</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Kyiv" title="Names of Kyiv">Names of Kyiv</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polonia_Et_Ungaria_XX_Nova_Tabula,_detail_of_Kyiv_episcopate_(%E2%80%9CKyouia_epatus%E2%80%9D).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Polonia_Et_Ungaria_XX_Nova_Tabula%2C_detail_of_Kyiv_episcopate_%28%E2%80%9CKyouia_epatus%E2%80%9D%29.jpg/260px-Polonia_Et_Ungaria_XX_Nova_Tabula%2C_detail_of_Kyiv_episcopate_%28%E2%80%9CKyouia_epatus%E2%80%9D%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Polonia_Et_Ungaria_XX_Nova_Tabula%2C_detail_of_Kyiv_episcopate_%28%E2%80%9CKyouia_epatus%E2%80%9D%29.jpg/390px-Polonia_Et_Ungaria_XX_Nova_Tabula%2C_detail_of_Kyiv_episcopate_%28%E2%80%9CKyouia_epatus%E2%80%9D%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Polonia_Et_Ungaria_XX_Nova_Tabula%2C_detail_of_Kyiv_episcopate_%28%E2%80%9CKyouia_epatus%E2%80%9D%29.jpg/520px-Polonia_Et_Ungaria_XX_Nova_Tabula%2C_detail_of_Kyiv_episcopate_%28%E2%80%9CKyouia_epatus%E2%80%9D%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption>Detail of Sebastian Münster's <i><a href="/wiki/File:Polonia_Et_Ungaria_XX_Nova_Tabula.jpg" title="File:Polonia Et Ungaria XX Nova Tabula.jpg">Map of Poland and Hungary</a></i>, 1552, showing Kyiv labelled "Kyouia ep<i>iscop</i>atus" ("Kyiv episcopate")</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>English: <span lang="en">Kyiv</span> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KEE</span>-iv</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KEEV</span></i></a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) or Kiev (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KEE</span>-ev</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lpd3_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpd3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Київ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ukrainian-language romanization"><i lang="uk-Latn">Kyiv</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="uk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">[ˈkɪjiu̯]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/13\/Uk-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.ogg\/Uk-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Uk-\u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/Uk-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.ogg/Uk-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Uk-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.ogg" title="File:Uk-Київ.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Киев</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Kiyev</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈkʲi(j)ɪf]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/69\/Ru-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2.ogg\/Ru-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-\u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Ru-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2.ogg/Ru-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2.ogg" title="File:Ru-Киев.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-lpd3_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lpd3-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The traditional etymology, stemming from the <i><a href="/wiki/Primary_Chronicle" title="Primary Chronicle">Primary Chronicle</a></i>, is that the name is a derivation of <a href="/wiki/Kyi,_Shchek_and_Khoryv" title="Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv">Kyi</a> (Ukrainian: <span lang="uk">Кий</span>, Russian: <span lang="ru">Кий</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">rom.</a>:</span> <i>Ky</i> or <i>Kiy</i>), the legendary eponymous founder of the city. According to <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Trubachyov" title="Oleg Trubachyov">Oleg Trubachyov</a>'s etymological dictionary from the <a href="/wiki/Old_East_Slavic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old East Slavic language">Old East Slavic</a> name <i>*Kyjevŭ gordŭ</i> (literally, "Kyi's castle", "Kyi's <a href="/wiki/Gord_(archaeology)" title="Gord (archaeology)">gord</a>"), from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Slavic">Proto-Slavic</a> <i>*kyjevъ</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This etymology has been questioned, for instance by <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Hrushevsky" title="Mykhailo Hrushevsky">Mykhailo Hrushevsky</a> who called it an "etymological myth", and meant that the names of the legendary founders are in turn based on place names. According to the Canadian Ukrainian linguist <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Rudnyckyj" title="Jaroslav Rudnyckyj">Jaroslav Rudnyckyj</a>, the name can be connected to the Proto-Slavic root <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kyj%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kyjь">*kyjь</a>, but should be interpreted as meaning 'stick, pole' as in its modern Ukrainian equivalent <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9#Ukrainian" class="extiw" title="wikt:кий">Кий</a>. The name should in that case be interpreted as 'palisaded settlement'.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Kyiv</i> is the romanized official Ukrainian name for the city,<sup id="cite_ref-collins_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collins-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is used for legislative and official acts.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Kiev</i> is the traditional English name for the city,<sup id="cite_ref-collins_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collins-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but because of its historical derivation from the Russian name, <i>Kiev</i> lost favor with many Western media outlets after the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> in 2014 in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/KyivNotKiev" title="KyivNotKiev">KyivNotKiev</a> campaign launched by Ukraine to change the way that international media were spelling the city's name.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kyiv" title="History of Kyiv">History of Kyiv</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kyiv" title="Timeline of Kyiv">Timeline of Kyiv</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kiev" title="Principality of Kiev">Principality of Kiev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prince_of_Kiev" title="Grand Prince of Kiev">Grand Prince of Kiev</a></div> <p>The first known humans in the region of Kyiv lived there in the late <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">paleolithic period</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-use_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-use-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population around Kyiv during the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> formed part of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture" title="Cucuteni–Trypillia culture">Trypillian culture</a>, as evidenced by artifacts from that culture found in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the early <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> certain tribes settled around Kyiv that practiced land cultivation, husbandry and trading with the <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a> and ancient states of the northern Black Sea coast.<sup id="cite_ref-use_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-use-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Findings of Roman coins of the 2nd to the 4th centuries suggest trade relations with the eastern provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-use_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-use-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable archaeologists of the area around Kyiv include <a href="/wiki/Vikentiy_Khvoyka" title="Vikentiy Khvoyka">Vikentiy Khvoyka</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3></div> <p>Scholars continue to debate when the city was founded: The traditional founding date is 482 CE, so the city celebrated <a href="/wiki/1500th_anniversary_of_Kyiv" class="mw-redirect" title="1500th anniversary of Kyiv">its 1,500th anniversary</a> in 1982. Archaeological data indicates a founding in the sixth or seventh centuries,<sup id="cite_ref-eob_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eob-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some researchers dating the founding as late as the late 9th century.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyi,_Czech,_Khoryv_and_Lubed_in_der_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82chronik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Kyi%2C_Czech%2C_Khoryv_and_Lubed_in_der_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82chronik.jpg/220px-Kyi%2C_Czech%2C_Khoryv_and_Lubed_in_der_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82chronik.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Kyi%2C_Czech%2C_Khoryv_and_Lubed_in_der_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82chronik.jpg/330px-Kyi%2C_Czech%2C_Khoryv_and_Lubed_in_der_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82chronik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Kyi%2C_Czech%2C_Khoryv_and_Lubed_in_der_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82chronik.jpg/440px-Kyi%2C_Czech%2C_Khoryv_and_Lubed_in_der_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82chronik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Legendary <a href="/wiki/Kyi,_Shchek_and_Khoryv" title="Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv">Kyi, Shchek, Khoryv and Lybid</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82_Chronicle" title="Radziwiłł Chronicle">Radziwiłł Chronicle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are several legendary accounts of the origin of the city. One tells of members of a Slavic tribe (<a href="/wiki/Polans_(eastern)" title="Polans (eastern)">Eastern Polans</a>), brothers Kyi (the eldest, after whom the city was named), Shchek, Khoryv, and their sister Lybid, who founded the city (See the <i><a href="/wiki/Primary_Chronicle" title="Primary Chronicle">Primary Chronicle</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-use_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-use-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another legend states that <a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Andrew">Saint Andrew</a> passed through the area in the 1st century. Where the city is now he erected a cross, where a church later was built. Since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> an image of <a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Saint Michael</a> has represented the city as well as the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Kiev">duchy</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%A1l_V%C3%A1g%C3%B3_(1853-1928)_painter_The_Hungarian_at_Kiev_(1896-99).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/P%C3%A1l_V%C3%A1g%C3%B3_%281853-1928%29_painter_The_Hungarian_at_Kiev_%281896-99%29.jpg/220px-P%C3%A1l_V%C3%A1g%C3%B3_%281853-1928%29_painter_The_Hungarian_at_Kiev_%281896-99%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/P%C3%A1l_V%C3%A1g%C3%B3_%281853-1928%29_painter_The_Hungarian_at_Kiev_%281896-99%29.jpg/330px-P%C3%A1l_V%C3%A1g%C3%B3_%281853-1928%29_painter_The_Hungarian_at_Kiev_%281896-99%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/P%C3%A1l_V%C3%A1g%C3%B3_%281853-1928%29_painter_The_Hungarian_at_Kiev_%281896-99%29.jpg/440px-P%C3%A1l_V%C3%A1g%C3%B3_%281853-1928%29_painter_The_Hungarian_at_Kiev_%281896-99%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2525" data-file-height="1445" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a> at Kyiv in 830 during the times of the <a href="/wiki/Rus%27_Khaganate" title="Rus' Khaganate">Rus' Khaganate</a>; painting by <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1l_V%C3%A1g%C3%B3" title="Pál Vágó">Pál Vágó</a> (1853–1928)</figcaption></figure> <p>There is little historical evidence pertaining to the period when the city was founded. Scattered <a href="/wiki/Slavic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic peoples">Slavic</a> settlements existed in the area from the 6th century, but it is unclear whether any of them later developed into the city. On the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_world_map" title="Ptolemy's world map">Ptolemy world map</a> there are several settlements indicated along the mid-stream of <a href="/wiki/Borysthenes" title="Borysthenes">Borysthenes</a>, among which is Azagarium, which some historians believe to be the predecessor to Kyiv.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, according to the 1773 <i>Dictionary of Ancient Geography</i> of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macbean" title="Alexander Macbean">Alexander Macbean</a>, that settlement corresponds to the modern city of <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl" title="Chernobyl">Chernobyl</a>. Just south of Azagarium, there is another settlement, Amadoca, believed to be the capital of the Amadoci people<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> living in an area between the marshes of Amadoca in the west and the Amadoca mountains in the east. </p><p>Another name for Kyiv mentioned in history, the origin of which is not completely clear, is Sambat, which apparently has something to do with the <a href="/wiki/Khazar_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Khazar Empire">Khazar Empire</a>. The <i>Primary Chronicle</i> says the residents of Kyiv told <a href="/wiki/Askold_and_Dir" title="Askold and Dir">Askold</a> "there were three brothers Kyi, Shchek, and Khoriv. They founded this town and died, and now we are staying and paying taxes to their relatives the Khazars". In <i>De Administrando Imperio</i>, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Porphyrogenitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine Porphyrogenitus">Constantine Porphyrogenitus</a> mentions a caravan of small cargo boats which assembled annually, and writes, "They come down the river Dnieper and assemble at the strong-point of Kyiv (Kioava), also called Sambatas".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least three Arabic-speaking 10th century geographers who traveled the area mention the city of Zānbat as the chief city of the Russes. Among them are ibn Rustah, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Gardezi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Sa'id Gardezi">Abu Sa'id Gardezi</a>, and an author of the <a href="/wiki/Hudud_al-%27Alam" title="Hudud al-'Alam">Hudud al-'Alam</a>. The texts of those authors were discovered by Russian orientalist <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Tumansky" title="Alexander Tumansky">Alexander Tumansky</a>. The etymology of Sambat has been argued by many historians, including <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Ильинский, Григорий Андреевич">Grigoriy Ilyinsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Nikolay Karamzin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Potocki" title="Jan Potocki">Jan Potocki</a>, <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Ламбин, Николай Петрович">Nikolay Lambin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Lelewel" title="Joachim Lelewel">Joachim Lelewel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B0brandur_Vigf%C3%BAsson" title="Guðbrandur Vigfússon">Guðbrandur Vigfússon</a>. </p><p>The Primary Chronicle states that at some point during the late 9th or early 10th century Askold and Dir, who may have been of Viking or Varangian descent, ruled in Kyiv. They were murdered by <a href="/wiki/Oleg_of_Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleg of Novgorod">Oleg of Novgorod</a> in 882, but some historians, such as <a href="/wiki/Omeljan_Pritsak" title="Omeljan Pritsak">Omeljan Pritsak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Zuckerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine Zuckerman">Constantine Zuckerman</a>, dispute that, arguing that Khazar rule continued as late as the 920s, leaving historical documents such as the <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Letter" title="Kievan Letter">Kievan Letter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schechter_Letter" title="Schechter Letter">Schechter Letter</a>. </p><p>Other historians suggest that <a href="/wiki/Magyar_tribes" title="Magyar tribes">Magyar tribes</a> ruled the city between 840 and 878, before migrating with some <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazar</a> tribes to the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Basin">Carpathian Basin</a>. The Primary Chronicle mentions Hungarians passing near Kyiv. <a href="/wiki/Askold%27s_Grave" title="Askold's Grave">Askold's Grave</a> was previously known as "<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Угорское урочище">Uhorske urochyshche</a>" (Hungarian place).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the aforementioned scholars the building of the fortress of Kyiv was finished in 840 under the leadership of Keő (Keve), Csák, and Geréb, three brothers, possibly members of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarj%C3%A1n_tribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarján tribe (page does not exist)">Tarján tribe</a>. The three names appear in the Kyiv Chronicle as Kyi, Shchek, and Khoryv and may be not of Slavic origin, as Russian historians have always struggled to account for their meanings and origins. According to Hungarian historian Viktor Padányi, their names were inserted into the Kyiv Chronicle in the 12th century, and they were identified as old-Russian mythological heroes.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lebedev_baptism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Lebedev_baptism.jpg/220px-Lebedev_baptism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Lebedev_baptism.jpg/330px-Lebedev_baptism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Lebedev_baptism.jpg/440px-Lebedev_baptism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption><i>The Baptism of Kievans</i>, a painting by <a href="/wiki/Klavdiy_Lebedev" class="mw-redirect" title="Klavdiy Lebedev">Klavdiy Lebedev</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Kyiv stood on the <a href="/wiki/Trade_route_from_the_Varangians_to_the_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks">trade route between the Varangians and the Greeks</a>. In 968 the nomadic <a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a> attacked and then <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kiev_(968)" title="Siege of Kiev (968)">besieged the city</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1000 CE the city had a population of 45,000.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1169, Grand Prince <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Bogolyubsky" title="Andrey Bogolyubsky">Andrey Bogolyubsky</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Vladimir-Suzdal">Vladimir-Suzdal</a> <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Kiev_(1169)" title="Sack of Kiev (1169)">sacked Kyiv</a>, leaving the old town and the prince's hall in ruins.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took many pieces of religious artwork - including the <i><a href="/wiki/Theotokos_of_Vladimir" class="mw-redirect" title="Theotokos of Vladimir">Theotokos of Vladimir</a></i> icon - from Vyshhorod.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1203, Prince <a href="/wiki/Rurik_Rostislavich" title="Rurik Rostislavich">Rurik Rostislavich</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchak</a> allies captured and burned Kyiv. In the 1230s, the city was besieged and ravaged several times by different Rus princes. The city had not recovered from these attacks when, in 1240, the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Mongol invasion of Rus'</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Batu_Khan" title="Batu Khan">Batu Khan</a>, completed the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kyiv_(1240)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Kyiv (1240)">destruction of Kyiv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These events had a profound effect on the future of the city and on the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_ancient_Rus" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of ancient Rus">East Slavic civilization</a>. Before Bogolyubsky's pillaging, Kyiv had had a reputation as one of the largest cities in the world, with a population exceeding 100,000 at the beginning of the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1320s, a Lithuanian army led by Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Gediminas" title="Gediminas">Gediminas</a> defeated a Slavic army led by <a href="/wiki/Stanislav_of_Kyiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanislav of Kyiv">Stanislav of Kyiv</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_on_the_Irpen%27_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle on the Irpen' River">Battle on the Irpen' River</a> and conquered the city. The <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a>, who also claimed Kyiv, retaliated in 1324–1325, so while Kyiv was ruled by a Lithuanian prince, it had to pay tribute to the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a>. Finally, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blue_Waters" title="Battle of Blue Waters">Battle of Blue Waters</a> in 1362, <a href="/wiki/Algirdas" title="Algirdas">Algirdas</a>, Grand Duke of Lithuania, incorporated Kyiv and surrounding areas into the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1482, <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> sacked and burned much of Kyiv.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the Lithuanian rule, the core of the city was located in <a href="/wiki/Podil" title="Podil">Podil</a> and there was a Lithuanian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyiv_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyiv Castle (page does not exist)">Kyiv Castle</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="uk:Київський замок">uk</a>]</span> with 18 towers on the <a href="/wiki/Zamkova_Hora_(Kyiv)" title="Zamkova Hora (Kyiv)">Zamkova Hora</a> which served as a residence of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Olgerdovich" title="Vladimir Olgerdovich">Vladimir Olgerdovich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prince_of_Kiev" title="Grand Prince of Kiev">Grand Prince of Kyiv</a>, and subsequently of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Vytautas" title="Vytautas">Vytautas</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>The 1686 city map of Kyiv ("Kiovia"), fortified <a href="/wiki/Podil" title="Podil">Podil</a> with the "alten" city shown in ruins ("Rudera")</figcaption></figure> <p>With the 1569 <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Lublin" title="Union of Lublin">Union of Lublin</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> was established, the Lithuanian-controlled lands of the Kyiv region (<a href="/wiki/Podolia" title="Podolia">Podolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia">Volhynia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Podlachia" title="Podlachia">Podlachia</a>) were transferred from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Crown of the Kingdom of Poland</a>, and Kyiv became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv Voivodeship">Kyiv Voivodeship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1658 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hadiach" title="Treaty of Hadiach">Treaty of Hadiach</a> envisaged Kyiv becoming the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Rus%27_(1658)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Rus' (1658)">Grand Duchy of Rus'</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Ruthenian_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this provision of the treaty never went into operation.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_suzerainty">Russian suzerainty</h3></div> <p>Occupied by Russian troops since the 1654 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Pereyaslav">Treaty of Pereyaslav</a>, Kyiv became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> from 1667 on the <a href="/wiki/Truce_of_Andrusovo" title="Truce of Andrusovo">Truce of Andrusovo</a> and enjoyed a degree of autonomy. None of the Polish-Russian treaties concerning Kyiv have ever been ratified.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, Kyiv was a primary <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Christian centre</a>, attracting <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim">pilgrims</a>, and the cradle of many of the empire's most important religious figures, but until the 19th century, the city's commercial importance remained marginal. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg/220px-Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg/330px-Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg/440px-Pic_I_V_Ivasiuk_Mykola_Bohdan_Khmelnytskys_Entry_to_Kyiv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1298" /></a><figcaption><i>The Entrance of <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a> to Kyiv in 1649</i> by <a href="/wiki/Mykola_Ivasyuk" title="Mykola Ivasyuk">Mykola Ivasyuk</a> (1865–1937) depicts events after the <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a> against Polish domination.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1834, the Russian government established Saint Vladimir University, now called the <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko_National_University_of_Kyiv" title="Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv">Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv</a> after the Ukrainian poet <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Taras Shevchenko</a> (1814–1861). (Shevchenko worked as a field researcher and editor for the geography department). The medical faculty of Saint Vladimir University, separated into an independent institution in 1919–1921 during the Soviet period, became the <a href="/wiki/Bogomolets_National_Medical_University" title="Bogomolets National Medical University">Bogomolets National Medical University</a> in 1995. </p><p>During the 18th and 19th centuries, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a> and ecclesiastical authorities dominated city life;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> had involvement in a significant part of Kyiv's infrastructure and commercial activity. In the late 1840s the historian, <a href="/wiki/Mykola_Kostomarov" title="Mykola Kostomarov">Mykola Kostomarov</a> (Russian: <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Nikolai Kostomarov</i></span>), founded a secret political society, the Brotherhood of <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Saint Cyril</a> and Methodius, whose members put forward the idea of a federation of free <a href="/wiki/Slavic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic peoples">Slavic peoples</a> with Ukrainians as a distinct and separate group rather than a subordinate part of the Russian nation; the Russian authorities quickly suppressed the society. </p><p>Following the gradual loss of Ukraine's autonomy, Kyiv experienced growing <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a> in the 19th century, by means of Russian migration, administrative actions, and social modernization. At the beginning of the 20th century the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="Russian language in Ukraine">Russian-speaking</a> part of the population dominated the city centre, while the <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">lower classes</a> living on the outskirts retained Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Folk_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk culture">folk culture</a> to a significant extent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, enthusiasts among ethnic Ukrainian aristocrats, soldiers, and merchants made attempts to preserve the native culture in Kyiv, by clandestine book-printing, amateur theatre, folk studies, etc. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiev_downtown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kiev_downtown.jpg/220px-Kiev_downtown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kiev_downtown.jpg/330px-Kiev_downtown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kiev_downtown.jpg/440px-Kiev_downtown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3227" data-file-height="2360" /></a><figcaption>Kyiv in the late 19th century</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Industrialization_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Industrialization in the Russian Empire">Russian industrial revolution</a> in the late 19th century, Kyiv became an important trade and transportation centre of the Russian Empire, specialising in sugar and grain export by railway and on the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnieper river">Dnieper river</a>. By 1900, the city had also become a significant industrial centre, with a population of 250,000. Landmarks of that period include the railway infrastructure, the foundation of numerous educational and cultural facilities, and notable architectural monuments (mostly merchant-oriented). In 1892, the <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Kyiv" title="Trams in Kyiv">first electric tram line</a> of the Russian Empire started running in Kyiv (the third in the world). Kyiv prospered during the late 19th century <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> in the Russian Empire, when it became the third most important city of the Empire and the major centre of commerce in its southwest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_era">Soviet era</h3></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_after_the_Russian_Revolution" title="Ukraine after the Russian Revolution">turbulent period</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution_(1917)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Revolution (1917)">1917 Russian Revolution</a>, Kyiv became the capital of several <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">successive Ukrainian states</a> and was caught in the middle of several conflicts: <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, during which German soldiers occupied it from 2 March 1918 to November 1918, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> of 1917 to 1922, and the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> of 1919–1921. During the last three months of 1919, Kyiv was intermittently controlled by the <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a>. Kyiv changed hands sixteen times from the end of 1918 to August 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1921 to 1991, the city formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>, which became a founding republic of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1922. The major events that took place in Soviet Ukraine during the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a> all affected Kyiv: the 1920s <a href="/wiki/Ukrainization" title="Ukrainization">Ukrainization</a> as well as the migration of the rural Ukrainophone population made the <a href="/wiki/Russophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Russophone">Russophone</a> city Ukrainian-speaking and bolstered the development of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian culture">Ukrainian cultural life</a> in the city; the <a href="/wiki/Industrialization_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Industrialization in the Soviet Union">Soviet industrialization</a> that started in the late 1920s turned the city, a former centre of commerce and religion, into a major industrial, technological and scientific centre; the <a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">1932–1933 Great Famine</a> devastated the part of the migrant population not registered for ration cards; and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a> of 1937–1938 almost eliminated the city's <a href="/wiki/Intelligentsia" title="Intelligentsia">intelligentsia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brama_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brama-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Figes_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figes-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Social_Catastrophe_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Social_Catastrophe-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1934, Kyiv became the capital of Soviet Ukraine. The city boomed again during the years of Soviet industrialization as its population grew rapidly and many industrial giants were established, some of which exist today. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0_1936.jpg/220px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0_1936.jpg/330px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0_1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0_1936.jpg/440px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0_1936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1413" data-file-height="1181" /></a><figcaption>Until 1936, Kyiv was a city on the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruined_Kiev_in_WWII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ruined_Kiev_in_WWII.jpg/220px-Ruined_Kiev_in_WWII.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ruined_Kiev_in_WWII.jpg/330px-Ruined_Kiev_in_WWII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ruined_Kiev_in_WWII.jpg/440px-Ruined_Kiev_in_WWII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="1223" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of Kyiv during <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">World War II</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">World War II</a>, the city again suffered significant damage, and <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> occupied it from 19 September 1941 to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">6 November 1943</a>. <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> forces killed or captured more than 600,000 Soviet soldiers in the great encircling <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kyiv (1941)">Battle of Kyiv</a> in 1941. Most of those captured never returned alive.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> occupied the city, a team of <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> officers who had remained hidden dynamited most of the buildings on the <a href="/wiki/Khreshchatyk" title="Khreshchatyk">Khreshchatyk</a>, the main street of the city, where German military and civil authorities had occupied most of the buildings; the buildings burned for days and 25,000 people were left homeless. </p><p>Allegedly in response to the actions of the NKVD, the Germans rounded up all the local <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Ukraine" title="The Holocaust in Ukraine">Jews</a> they could find, nearly 34,000,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and massacred them at <a href="/wiki/Babi_Yar" title="Babi Yar">Babi Yar</a> in Kyiv on 29 and 30 September 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the months that followed, thousands more were taken to Babi Yar where they were shot. It is estimated that the Germans murdered <a href="/wiki/List_of_victims_of_the_Babi_Yar_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="List of victims of the Babi Yar massacre">more than 100,000 people</a> of various ethnic groups, mostly civilians, at Babi Yar during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiev_24.7.1990_Ukrainian_Flag.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Kiev_24.7.1990_Ukrainian_Flag.JPG/170px-Kiev_24.7.1990_Ukrainian_Flag.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Kiev_24.7.1990_Ukrainian_Flag.JPG/255px-Kiev_24.7.1990_Ukrainian_Flag.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Kiev_24.7.1990_Ukrainian_Flag.JPG/340px-Kiev_24.7.1990_Ukrainian_Flag.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1887" data-file-height="2950" /></a><figcaption>The Ukrainian national flag was raised outside Kyiv's City Hall for the first time on 24 July 1990.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kyiv recovered economically in the post-war years, becoming once again the third-most important city of the Soviet Union. The <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">catastrophic accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant</a> in 1986 occurred only 100 km (62 mi) north of the city. However, the prevailing south wind blew most of the radioactive debris away from Kyiv. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence">Independence</h3></div> <p>In the course of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1982%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the Soviet Union (1982–1991)">collapse of the Soviet Union</a> the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Ukrainian parliament</a> proclaimed the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Ukraine" title="Declaration of Independence of Ukraine">Declaration of Independence of Ukraine</a> in the city on 24 August 1991. In 2004–2005, the city played host to the largest post-Soviet public demonstrations up to that time, in support of the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a>. From November 2013 until February 2014, central Kyiv became the primary location of <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a>. During the onset of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> in February 2022, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian forces</a> attempted to <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_offensive_(2022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv offensive (2022)">seize Kyiv</a> but were <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kyiv (2022)">repelled</a> by <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Ukrainian forces</a> on the outskirts of the city; Kyiv itself escaped major damage. Following the Russian retreat from the region in April 2022, Kyiv has been subject to frequent <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kyiv strikes (2022–present)">air strikes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Mountains" title="Kyiv Mountains">Kyiv Mountains</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography">Geography</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyiv,_Ukraine_ESA22370890_(cropped).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Kyiv%2C_Ukraine_ESA22370890_%28cropped%29.jpeg/220px-Kyiv%2C_Ukraine_ESA22370890_%28cropped%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Kyiv%2C_Ukraine_ESA22370890_%28cropped%29.jpeg/330px-Kyiv%2C_Ukraine_ESA22370890_%28cropped%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Kyiv%2C_Ukraine_ESA22370890_%28cropped%29.jpeg/440px-Kyiv%2C_Ukraine_ESA22370890_%28cropped%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3258" data-file-height="3258" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Programme" title="Copernicus Programme">Copernicus Programme</a> <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2" title="Sentinel-2">Sentinel-2</a> image of Kyiv and the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Geographically, Kyiv is on the border of the <a href="/wiki/Polesia" title="Polesia">Polesia</a> woodland ecological zone, a part of the European mixed woods area, and the East European <a href="/wiki/Forest_steppe" title="Forest steppe">forest steppe</a> <a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">biome</a>. However, the city's unique landscape distinguishes it from the surrounding region. Kyiv is completely surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Oblast" title="Kyiv Oblast">Kyiv Oblast</a>. </p><p>Originally on the west bank, today Kyiv is on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper" title="Dnieper">Dnieper</a>, which flows southwards through the city towards the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>. The older and higher western part of the city sits on numerous wooded hills (<a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Mountains" title="Kyiv Mountains">Kyiv Hills</a>), with ravines and small rivers. Kyiv's geographical relief contributed to its <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponyms</a>, such as <i>Podil</i> ("lower"), <i>Pechersk</i> ("caves"), and <i>uzviz</i> (a steep street, "descent"). Kyiv is a part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Dnieper_Upland" title="Dnieper Upland">Dnieper Upland</a> adjoining the western bank of the Dnieper in its mid-flow, and which contributes to the city's elevation change. </p><p>The northern outskirts of the city border the <a href="/wiki/Polesian_Lowland" title="Polesian Lowland">Polesian Lowland</a>. Kyiv expanded into the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper_Lowland" title="Dnieper Lowland">Dnieper Lowland</a> on the left bank (<i>to the east</i>) as late as the 20th century. The whole portion of Kyiv on the left bank of the Dnieper is generally referred to as the <i>Left Bank</i> (<span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">Лівий берег</span></span>, <i>Livyi bereh</i>). Significant areas of the left bank Dnieper valley were artificially sand-deposited, and are protected by dams. </p><p>Within the city the Dnieper River forms a branching system of <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributaries</a>, isles, and harbors within the city limits. The city is close to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Desna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Desna River">Desna River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Reservoir" title="Kyiv Reservoir">Kyiv Reservoir</a> in the north, and the <a href="/wiki/Kaniv_Reservoir" title="Kaniv Reservoir">Kaniv Reservoir</a> in the south. Both the Dnieper and Desna rivers are <a href="/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation">navigable</a> at Kyiv, although regulated by the reservoir shipping locks and limited by winter freeze-over. </p><p>In total, there are 448 bodies of open water within the boundaries of Kyiv, which include the Dnieper itself, its reservoirs, and several small rivers, dozens of lakes and artificially created ponds. They occupy 7949 hectares. Additionally, the city has 16 developed beaches (totalling 140 hectares) and 35 near-water recreational areas (covering more than 1,000 hectares). Many are used for pleasure and recreation, although some of the bodies of water are not suitable for swimming.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> 2011 evaluation, there were no risks of <a href="/wiki/Natural_disaster" title="Natural disaster">natural disasters</a> in Kyiv and <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_metropolitan_area" title="Kyiv metropolitan area">its metropolitan area</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UN_Urban_agglomerations_types_of_natural_risks_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_Urban_agglomerations_types_of_natural_risks-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <p>Kyiv has a warm-summer <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">humid continental</a> <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Dfb</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The warmest months are June, July, and August, with mean temperatures of 13.8 to 24.8 °C (56.8 to 76.6 °F). The coldest are December, January, and February, with mean temperatures of −4.6 to −1.1 °C (23.7 to 30.0 °F). The highest ever temperature recorded in the city was 39.4 °C (102.9 °F) on 30 July 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-extremes1_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes1-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-extremes2_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The coldest temperature ever recorded in the city was −32.9 °C (−27.2 °F) on 11 January 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-extremes1_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes1-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-extremes2_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snow cover usually lies from mid-November to the end of March, with the frost-free period lasting 180 days on average, but surpassing 200 days in some years.<sup id="cite_ref-eob_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eob-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kyiv (1991–2020, extremes 1881–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(95.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.4<br />(102.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.3<br />(102.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0E00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.4<br />(102.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.5<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9<br />(25.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.1<br />(−24.0) </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.2<br />(−26.0) </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.9<br />(−12.8) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.4<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.9<br />(26.8) </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.8<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.9<br />(−7.4) </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30.0<br />(−22.0) </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−32.2<br />(−26.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73<br />(2.9) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68<br />(2.7) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">618<br />(24.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11<br />(4.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">138 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #1818FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.03 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">73 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.0 </td> <td style="background: #0909FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.3 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000FB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000F8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000D5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000B6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000E3; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">73.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #4C4C4C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #808080; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #B2B275; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">257 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">273 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">287 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">252 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189 </td> <td style="background: #B7B757; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123 </td> <td style="background: #606060; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #383838; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">31 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,843 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net,<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_kyiv_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda_kyiv-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Central Observatory for Geophysics (extremes),<sup id="cite_ref-extremes1_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes1-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-extremes2_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> (humidity 1981–2010)<sup id="cite_ref-WMOCLINOkyiv_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMOCLINOkyiv-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Danish_Meteorological_Institute" title="Danish Meteorological Institute">Danish Meteorological Institute</a> (sun, 1931–1960)<sup id="cite_ref-KyivDMI_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KyivDMI-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Weather Atlas<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_status,_local_government_and_politics"><span id="Legal_status.2C_local_government_and_politics"></span>Legal status, local government and politics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_status_and_local_government">Legal status and local government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Legal_status_and_local_government_of_Kyiv" title="Legal status and local government of Kyiv">Legal status and local government of Kyiv</a></div> <p>The municipality of the city of Kyiv has a <a href="/wiki/Cities_with_special_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities with special status">special legal status</a> within Ukraine compared to the other <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">administrative subdivisions of the country</a>. The most significant difference is that the city is considered as a region of Ukraine (see <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Ukraine">Regions of Ukraine</a>). It is the only city that has double jurisdiction. The Head of <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Local_State_Administration_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Local State Administration (Ukraine)">City State Administration</a> – the city's governor – is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">president of Ukraine</a>, while the Head of the City Council – the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Kyiv" title="Mayor of Kyiv">mayor of Kyiv</a> – is elected by local popular vote. </p><p>The mayor of Kyiv is <a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a>, who was sworn in on 5 June 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-KKMs5614_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KKMs5614-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after he had won the <a href="/wiki/2014_Kyiv_local_election" title="2014 Kyiv local election">25 May 2014 Kyiv mayoral elections</a> with almost 57% of the votes.<sup id="cite_ref-votecountKMEIU4614_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-votecountKMEIU4614-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 25 June 2014, Klitschko is also <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_City_State_Administration" title="Kyiv City State Administration">Head of Kyiv City Administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Poroshenko_appoints_Klitschko_head_of_Kyiv_city_administration_-_decree_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poroshenko_appoints_Klitschko_head_of_Kyiv_city_administration_-_decree-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Klitschko was last reelected in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Kyiv_local_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Kyiv local election">2020 Kyiv local election</a> with 50.52% of the votes, in the first round of the election.<sup id="cite_ref-3131537KlitschkoRE_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3131537KlitschkoRE-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most key buildings of the national government are along <a href="/wiki/Hrushevsky_Street_(Kyiv)" title="Hrushevsky Street (Kyiv)">Hrushevskoho Street</a> (<i>vulytsia Mykhaila Hrushevskoho</i>) and Institute Street (<i>vulytsia Instytutska</i>). Hrushevskoho Street is named after the Ukrainian academician, politician, historian, and statesman <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Hrushevsky" title="Mykhailo Hrushevsky">Mykhailo Hrushevsky</a>, who wrote an academic book titled: "Bar Starostvo: Historical Notes: XV–XVIII" about the history of <a href="/wiki/Bar,_Ukraine" title="Bar, Ukraine">Bar, Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That portion of the city is also unofficially known as the government quarter (<span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">урядовий квартал</span></span>). </p><p>The city state administration and council is in the Kyiv City council building on Khreshchatyk Street. The oblast state administration and council is in the oblast council building on <i>ploshcha Lesi Ukrainky</i> ("Lesya Ukrainka Square"). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Government buildings in Kyiv</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2,_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The seat of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine"><img alt="The seat of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%2C_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8.jpg/170px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%2C_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%2C_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8.jpg/255px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%2C_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%2C_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8.jpg/340px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%2C_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The seat of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ukraine" title="Government of Ukraine">Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pres-adm-ukraine-2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The presidential administration building"><img alt="The presidential administration building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pres-adm-ukraine-2008.jpg/160px-Pres-adm-ukraine-2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pres-adm-ukraine-2008.jpg/240px-Pres-adm-ukraine-2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pres-adm-ukraine-2008.jpg/320px-Pres-adm-ukraine-2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The presidential administration building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Ukraine.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Ministry of Foreign Affairs"><img alt="The Ministry of Foreign Affairs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Ukraine.JPG/160px-Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Ukraine.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Ukraine.JPG/240px-Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Ukraine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Ukraine.JPG/320px-Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Ukraine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA,_36_(01)_-_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The seat of Kyiv City State and City Council on Khreshchatyk Street"><img alt="The seat of Kyiv City State and City Council on Khreshchatyk Street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C_36_%2801%29_-_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/160px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C_36_%2801%29_-_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C_36_%2801%29_-_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/240px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C_36_%2801%29_-_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C_36_%2801%29_-_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg/320px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C_36_%2801%29_-_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The seat of Kyiv City State and <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_City_Council" title="Kyiv City Council">City Council</a> on Khreshchatyk Street</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2020_Kyiv_local_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Kyiv local election">2020 Kyiv local election</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <span class="extendedconfirmed-show"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyiv&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a></span><span class="nonextendedconfirmed-show"><span class="sysop-show"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyiv&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> or </span><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AKyiv&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+extended-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Extended-confirmed-protected+edit+request+on+22+November+2024&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+extended-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Kyiv">making an edit request</a></span></span>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The growing political and economic role of the city, combined with its international relations, as well as extensive <a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Ukraine" title="Internet in Ukraine">internet and social network penetration</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Siumar_on_Kyiv_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siumar_on_Kyiv-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have made Kyiv the most pro-Western and pro-democracy region of Ukraine; (so called) <a href="/wiki/National_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="National democratic">National Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Ukraine" title="Political parties in Ukraine">parties</a> advocating tighter <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Ukraine–European Union relations">integration with the European Union</a> receive most votes during <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ukraine" title="Elections in Ukraine">elections</a> in Kyiv.<sup id="cite_ref-radiosvoboda.org_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radiosvoboda.org-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Битва_за_Київ_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Битва_за_Київ-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nebozhenko_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nebozhenko-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pravda1629_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pravda1629-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a poll conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_International_Institute_of_Sociology" title="Kyiv International Institute of Sociology">Kyiv International Institute of Sociology</a> in the first half of February 2014, 5.3% of those polled in Kyiv believed "Ukraine and Russia must unite into a single state", nationwide this percentage was 12.5.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_to_Kiev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/View_to_Kiev.jpg/220px-View_to_Kiev.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/View_to_Kiev.jpg/330px-View_to_Kiev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/View_to_Kiev.jpg/440px-View_to_Kiev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>A view of the left bank neighbourhoods of Kyiv</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Neighborhoods_in_Kyiv" title="Category:Neighborhoods in Kyiv">Category:Neighborhoods in Kyiv</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Kyiv" title="Subdivisions of Kyiv">Subdivisions of Kyiv</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Traditional_subdivision">Traditional subdivision</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-07-15_Dniprovska_Embankment,_Berezniaky,_Kyiv_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2018-07-15_Dniprovska_Embankment%2C_Berezniaky%2C_Kyiv_2.jpg/220px-2018-07-15_Dniprovska_Embankment%2C_Berezniaky%2C_Kyiv_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2018-07-15_Dniprovska_Embankment%2C_Berezniaky%2C_Kyiv_2.jpg/330px-2018-07-15_Dniprovska_Embankment%2C_Berezniaky%2C_Kyiv_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2018-07-15_Dniprovska_Embankment%2C_Berezniaky%2C_Kyiv_2.jpg/440px-2018-07-15_Dniprovska_Embankment%2C_Berezniaky%2C_Kyiv_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>The Berezniaky neighbourhood in <a href="/wiki/Dniprovskyi_District,_Kyiv" title="Dniprovskyi District, Kyiv">Dniprovskyi District</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Dnieper_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnieper River">Dnieper River</a> naturally divides Kyiv into the Right Bank and the Left Bank areas. Historically on the western right bank of the river, the city expanded into the left bank only in the 20th century. Most of Kyiv's attractions as well as the majority of business and governmental institutions are on the right bank. The eastern "Left Bank" is predominantly residential. There are large industrial and green areas in both the Right Bank and the Left Bank. </p><p>Kyiv is further informally divided into historical or territorial neighbourhoods, each housing from about 5,000 to 100,000 inhabitants. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1538px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of Right-Bank Kyiv, where the city centre is located (May 2011)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg/1530px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="1530" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg/2295px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg/3060px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14570" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg" title="File:Панорама Правого берега.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A <a href="/wiki/Panorama" title="Panorama">panoramic</a> view of Right-Bank Kyiv, where the city centre is located (May 2011)</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Formal_subdivision">Formal subdivision</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0.gif/280px-%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0.gif" decoding="async" width="280" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0.gif/420px-%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0.gif/560px-%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>The ten <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Kyiv" title="Subdivisions of Kyiv">districts (raions) of Kyiv</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Г – <a href="/wiki/Holosiivskyi_District" title="Holosiivskyi District">Holosiivskyi District</a></li><li>О – <a href="/wiki/Obolonskyi_District" title="Obolonskyi District">Obolonskyi District</a></li><li>Печ – <a href="/wiki/Pecherskyi_District" title="Pecherskyi District">Pecherskyi District</a></li><li>Под – <a href="/wiki/Podilskyi_District" title="Podilskyi District">Podilskyi District</a></li><li>Ш – <a href="/wiki/Shevchenkivskyi_District,_Kyiv" title="Shevchenkivskyi District, Kyiv">Shevchenkivskyi District</a></li><li>Св – <a href="/wiki/Sviatoshynskyi_District" title="Sviatoshynskyi District">Sviatoshynskyi District</a></li><li>Сол – <a href="/wiki/Solomianskyi_District" title="Solomianskyi District">Solomianskyi District</a></li><li>Дар – <a href="/wiki/Darnytskyi_District" title="Darnytskyi District">Darnytskyi District</a></li><li>Дес – <a href="/wiki/Desnianskyi_District,_Kyiv" title="Desnianskyi District, Kyiv">Desnianskyi District</a></li><li>Дн – <a href="/wiki/Dniprovskyi_District,_Kyiv" title="Dniprovskyi District, Kyiv">Dniprovskyi District</a></li></ul></div></figcaption></figure> <p>The first known formal subdivision of Kyiv dates to 1810 when the city was subdivided into 4 parts: <a href="/wiki/Pechersk,_Kyiv" title="Pechersk, Kyiv">Pechersk</a>, Starokyiv, and the first and the second parts of <a href="/wiki/Podil" title="Podil">Podil</a>. In 1833–1834 according to <a href="/wiki/Russian_tsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian tsar">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I</a>'s decree, Kyiv was subdivided into 6 police <a href="/wiki/Raion" title="Raion">raions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Ukraine" title="Urban districts of Ukraine">districts</a>); later being increased to 10. In 1917, there were 8 Raion Councils (<i>Duma</i>), which were reorganised by <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">bolsheviks</a> into 6 Party-Territory Raions. </p><p>During the Soviet era, as the city was expanding, the number of raions also gradually increased. These newer districts of the city, along with some older areas were then named in honour of prominent communists and socialist-revolutionary figures; however, due to the way in which many communist party members eventually, after a certain period of time, fell out of favour and so were replaced with new, fresher minds, so too did the names of Kyiv's districts change accordingly. </p><p>The last district reform took place in 2001 when the number of districts was decreased from 14 to 10. </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Omelchenko" title="Oleksandr Omelchenko">Oleksandr Omelchenko</a> (mayor from 1999 to 2006), there were further plans for the merger of some districts and revision of their boundaries, and the total number of districts had been planned to be decreased from 10 to 7. With the election of the new mayor-elect (<a href="/wiki/Leonid_Chernovetskyi" title="Leonid Chernovetskyi">Leonid Chernovetskyi</a>) in 2006, these plans were shelved. </p><p>Each district has its own <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">locally elected council</a> with jurisdiction over a limited scope of affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-796003Kyivdistrictcouncils_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-796003Kyivdistrictcouncils-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_metropolitan_area" title="Kyiv metropolitan area">Kyiv metropolitan area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Kyiv_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/City_of_Kyiv_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/220px-City_of_Kyiv_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/City_of_Kyiv_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/330px-City_of_Kyiv_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/City_of_Kyiv_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg/440px-City_of_Kyiv_population_pyramid_in_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3189" data-file-height="2651" /></a><figcaption>City of Kyiv population pyramid in 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the official <a href="/wiki/Resident_registration" title="Resident registration">registration</a> statistics, there were 2,847,200 residents within the city limits of Kyiv in July 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Kiev_statistical_report_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kiev_statistical_report-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_population">Historical population</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">10xx</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1647</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−85.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1666</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−33.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1763</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+320.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1797</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">19,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−54.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1835</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">36,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+92.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1845</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+37.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1856</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1865</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">71,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+27.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1874</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">127,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+78.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1884</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">154,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1897</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">247,700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+60.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1905</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">450,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+81.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1909</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">468,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1912</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">442,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−5.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1914</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">626,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+41.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1917</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">430,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−31.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1919</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">544,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1922</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">366,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−32.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1923</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">413,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+12.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">513,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1930</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">578,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1940</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">930,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+60.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1943</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">180,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−80.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">991,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+450.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,109,840</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,631,908</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+47.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,143,855</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+31.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,602,754</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,611,327</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,799,199</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,952,301</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">at 1 January of years 10xx-1959,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1959-2022<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Census_(2001)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Census (2001)">All-Ukrainian Census</a>, the population of Kyiv in 2001 was 2,611,327.<sup id="cite_ref-population_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historic changes in population are shown in the side table. According to the census, some 1,393,000 (53.3%) were female and 1,219,000 (46.7%) were male. Comparing the results with the previous census (1989) shows the trend of <a href="/wiki/Population_ageing" title="Population ageing">population ageing</a> which, while prevalent throughout the country, is partly offset in Kyiv by the inflow of working age migrants. Some 1,069,700 people had higher or completed secondary education, a significant increase of 21.7% since 1989. </p><p>The June 2007 unofficial population estimate based on amount of <a href="/wiki/Bakery" title="Bakery">bakery</a> products sold in the city (thus including temporary visitors and commuters) gave a number of at least 3.5 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-undercounted_residents_in_Kiev_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-undercounted_residents_in_Kiev-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_composition">Ethnic composition</h3></div> <p>Kyiv's ethnic composition has shifted greatly over the last centuries. According to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1874_Kiev_city_census&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1874 Kiev city census (page does not exist)">census of March 2, 1874</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_(1874)" class="extiw" title="uk:Київський одноденний перепис (1874)">uk</a>]</span>, conducted by the local branch of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Geographical_Society" title="Russian Geographical Society">Russian Geographical Society</a>, there were 127,205 people living in Kyiv. Of these, 80% spoke "<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>," 11% spoke "<a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Jewish</a>," 6% spoke <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> and 2% spoke <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>. Of the "Russian" speakers, 39% were recorded as speaking Little Russian (Ukrainian), which meant that Ukrainian speakers accounted for 30% of the city as a whole. Of the remaining "Russian" speakers, however, there were only 10% who spoke Greater Russian (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>) and 2% who spoke <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>. The remaining 49% spoke in "generally Russian speech."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamm1993103_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamm1993103-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the official census of 1897, the number of Great Russian speakers rose to 54%; speakers of Little Russian accounted for 22%. Jewish speakers accounted for 12%, Polish 6.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamm1993103-104_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamm1993103-104-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the September 1917 city-census of Kyiv, conducted by the authorities of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a>, the Ukrainian share of the population had been reduced to only 16%, while Russians now made up a majority at 50%. The <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_city_census_(1919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv city census (1919)">March 1919 Kyiv city census</a>, conducted by the Bolshevik authorities, showed an increase in the percentage of the population identifying as Ukrainian to 25%. From then on, the city's Ukrainian population once again began to expand in terms of their share of the population, slowly returning to its former level.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Census_(1926)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Census (1926)">1926 Soviet census</a>, Ukrainians, at 41.6%, had once again begun to outnumber Russians, who made up 25.5%. By the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Census_(1959)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Census (1959)">1959 Soviet census</a>, Kyiv was once more a Ukrainian majority city, with 60% of the population identifying as such, the same percentage as in 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2001 census data, more than 130 nationalities and ethnic groups reside within the territory of Kyiv. <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> constitute the largest <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> in Kyiv, accounting for 2,110,800 people, or 82.2% of the population. <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> comprise 337,300 (13.1%), Jews 17,900 (0.7%), <a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> 16,500 (0.6%), <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> 6,900 (0.3%), <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> 4,900 (0.2%), <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani people">Azerbaijanis</a> 2,600 (0.1%), Tatars 2,500 (0.1%), <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> 2,400 (0.1%), <a href="/wiki/Moldovans" title="Moldovans">Moldovans</a> 1,900 (0.1%).<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2015 study by the <a href="/wiki/International_Republican_Institute" title="International Republican Institute">International Republican Institute</a> found that 94% of Kyiv was ethnic Ukrainian, and 5% ethnic Russian.<sup id="cite_ref-iri1_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iri1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the city's non-Slav population comprises Tatars, <a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples of the Caucasus">South Caucasians</a>, and other peoples from the <a href="/wiki/Former_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Former Soviet Union">former Soviet Union</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_statistics">Language statistics</h3></div> <p>Both Ukrainian and Russian are commonly spoken in the city; approximately 75% of Kyiv's population responded "Ukrainian" to the 2001 census question on their native language, roughly 25% responded "Russian".<sup id="cite_ref-CensusKiev_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusKiev-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2006 survey, Ukrainian is used at home by 23% of Kyivans, 52% use Russian, and 24% switch between both.<sup id="cite_ref-ZerkaloKiev_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZerkaloKiev-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2003 sociological survey, when the question "What language do you use in everyday life?" was asked, 52% said "mostly Russian", 32% "both Russian and Ukrainian in equal measure", 14% "mostly Ukrainian", and 4.3% "exclusively Ukrainian".<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the census of 1897, of Kyiv's approximately 240,000 people approximately 56% of the population spoke the Russian language, 23% spoke the Ukrainian language, 13% spoke Yiddish, 7% spoke Polish and 1% spoke the Belarusian language.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2015 study by the International Republican Institute found that the languages spoken at home in Kyiv were Ukrainian (27%), Russian (32%), and an equal combination of Ukrainian and Russian (40%).<sup id="cite_ref-iri1_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iri1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jews">Jews</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kyiv" title="History of the Jews in Kyiv">History of the Jews in Kyiv</a></div> <p>The Jews of Kyiv are first mentioned in a 10th-century letter. The Jewish population remained relatively small until the nineteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-jewishvirtuallibrary.org_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishvirtuallibrary.org-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogroms</a> was carried out in 1882, and another in 1905. On the eve of World War I, the city's Jewish population was over 81,000.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1939 there were approximately 224,000 Jews in Kyiv,<sup id="cite_ref-jewishvirtuallibrary.org_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishvirtuallibrary.org-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some of whom fled the city ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">German invasion</a> of the Soviet Union that began in June 1941. On 29 and 30 September 1941, nearly 34,000 Kyivan Jews were massacred at Babi Yar by the Wehrmacht, <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Ukrainian Auxiliary Police">Ukrainian Auxiliary Police</a>, and local collaborators.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jews began returning to Kyiv at the end of the war, but experienced another pogrom in September 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 21st century, Kyiv's Jewish community numbers about 20,000. There are two major synagogues in the city: the <a href="/wiki/Great_Choral_Synagogue_(Kyiv)" title="Great Choral Synagogue (Kyiv)">Great Choral Synagogue</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Brodsky_Choral_Synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodsky Choral Synagogue">Brodsky Choral Synagogue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Kyiv" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Kyiv">Category:Buildings and structures in Kyiv</a></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1326px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_of_Podil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of Podil, one of Kyiv's central neighborhoods"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Panorama_of_Podil.jpg/1318px-Panorama_of_Podil.jpg" decoding="async" width="1318" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Panorama_of_Podil.jpg/1977px-Panorama_of_Podil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Panorama_of_Podil.jpg/2636px-Panorama_of_Podil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5178" data-file-height="982" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_of_Podil.jpg" title="File:Panorama of Podil.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A <a href="/wiki/Panorama" title="Panorama">panoramic</a> view of <a href="/wiki/Podil" title="Podil">Podil</a>, one of Kyiv's central neighborhoods</div></div></div></div> <p>Modern Kyiv is a mix of the old (Kyiv preserved about 70 percent of more than 1,000 buildings built during 1907–1914)<sup id="cite_ref-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the new, seen in everything from the architecture to the stores and to the people themselves. When the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a> was moved from <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a> to Kyiv many new buildings were commissioned to give the city "the gloss and polish of a capital".<sup id="cite_ref-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the discussions that centered on how to create a showcase city center, the current city center of Khreshchatyk and <a href="/wiki/Maidan_Nezalezhnosti" title="Maidan Nezalezhnosti">Maidan Nezalezhnosti</a> (Independence Square) were not the obvious choices.<sup id="cite_ref-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv_104-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the early, ultimately not materialised, ideas included a part of Pechersk, <a href="/wiki/Lypky" title="Lypky">Lypky</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Square,_Kyiv" class="mw-redirect" title="European Square, Kyiv">European Square</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mykhailivska_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Mykhailivska Square">Mykhailivska Square</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv_104-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plans of building massive monuments (of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> and Stalin) were also abandoned, due to lack of money (in the 1930s–1950s) and because of Kyiv's hilly landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv_104-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Experiencing rapid population growth between the 1970s and the mid-1990s, the city has continued its consistent growth after the turn of the millennium. As a result, Kyiv's central districts provide a dotted contrast of new, modern buildings among the pale yellows, blues, and greys of older apartments. <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">Urban sprawl</a> has gradually reduced, while population densities of suburbs has increased. The most expensive properties are in the Pechersk and Khreshchatyk areas. It is also prestigious to own a property in newly constructed buildings in the <a href="/wiki/Kharkivskyi_Masyv" title="Kharkivskyi Masyv">Kharkivskyi neighborhood</a> or <a href="/wiki/Obolon_Raion" class="mw-redirect" title="Obolon Raion">Obolon</a> along the Dnieper. </p><p>Ukrainian independence at the turn of the millennium has heralded other changes. Western-style residential complexes, modern <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclubs</a>, classy restaurants and prestigious hotels opened in the centre. And most importantly, with the easing of the visa rules in 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ukraine is positioning itself as a prime tourist attraction, with Kyiv, among the other large cities, looking to profit from new opportunities. The centre of Kyiv has been cleaned up and buildings have been restored and redecorated, especially Khreshchatyk and Maidan Nezalezhnosti. Many historic areas of Kyiv, such as <a href="/wiki/Andriivskyi_Descent" title="Andriivskyi Descent">Andriivskyi Descent</a>, have become popular street vendor locations, where one can find traditional <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Ukraine">Ukrainian art</a>, religious items, books, game sets (most commonly <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a>) as well as jewellery for sale.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/2009_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference">United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009</a>, Kyiv was the only <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a> city to have been inscribed into the TOP30 European Green City Index (placed 30th).<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kyiv's most famous historical architecture complexes are the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral,_Kyiv" title="Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv">St. Sophia Cathedral</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra" title="Kyiv Pechersk Lavra">Kyiv Pechersk Lavra</a> (Monastery of the Caves), which are recognized by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. Noteworthy historical architectural landmarks also include the <a href="/wiki/Mariinskyi_Palace" title="Mariinskyi Palace">Mariinskyi Palace</a> (designed and constructed from 1745 to 1752, then reconstructed in 1870), several <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> churches such as <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Golden-Domed_Monastery" title="St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery">St. Michael's Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Church,_Kyiv" title="St Andrew's Church, Kyiv">St. Andrew's</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral" title="St Volodymyr's Cathedral">St. Volodymyr's</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Cyril%27s_Monastery,_Kyiv" title="St. Cyril's Monastery, Kyiv">St. Cyril's</a>, the reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate,_Kyiv" title="Golden Gate, Kyiv">Golden Gate</a> and others. </p><p>One of Kyiv's widely recognized modern landmarks is the highly visible giant <a href="/wiki/Mother_Ukraine" title="Mother Ukraine">Mother Ukraine</a> statue made of titanium standing at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_History_of_Ukraine_in_the_Second_World_War" title="National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War">National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War</a> on the Right bank of the Dnieper. Other notable sites is the cylindrical Salut hotel, across from Glory Square and the <a href="/wiki/Eternal_flame" title="Eternal flame">eternal flame</a> at the World War Two memorial <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Kyiv)" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Kyiv)">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/House_with_Chimaeras" title="House with Chimaeras">House with Chimaeras</a>. </p><p>Among Kyiv's best-known monuments are <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Mikeshin" title="Mikhail Mikeshin">Mikhail Mikeshin</a>'s statue of <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a> astride his horse near <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sophia%27s_Cathedral,_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Sophia's Cathedral, Kiev">St. Sophia Cathedral</a>, the venerated <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_I_of_Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir I of Kiev">Vladimir the Great</a> (St. Vladimir), the <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus'">baptizer of Rus'</a>, overlooking the river above Podil from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Volodymyr_Hill" title="Saint Volodymyr Hill">Saint Volodymyr Hill</a>, the monument to Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv and Lybid, the legendary founders of the city at the Dnieper embankment. On Independence Square in the city centre, two monuments elevate two of the city protectors; the historic protector of Kyiv Michael Archangel atop a reconstruction of one of the old city's gates and a modern invention, the goddess-protector <a href="/wiki/Berehynia" class="mw-redirect" title="Berehynia">Berehynia</a> atop a tall column. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Architecture and historically significant sites and monuments in Kyiv</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Gate_Kiev_2018_G1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Golden Gate"><img alt="Golden Gate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Golden_Gate_Kiev_2018_G1.jpg/255px-Golden_Gate_Kiev_2018_G1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Golden_Gate_Kiev_2018_G1.jpg/383px-Golden_Gate_Kiev_2018_G1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Golden_Gate_Kiev_2018_G1.jpg/510px-Golden_Gate_Kiev_2018_G1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="3616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Golden Gate</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2,_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._9.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Holy Dormition Cathedral"><img alt="Holy Dormition Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%2C_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._9.jpg/270px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%2C_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._9.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%2C_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._9.jpg/405px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%2C_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%2C_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._9.jpg/540px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%2C_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Holy Dormition Cathedral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Sophia%27s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Sophia Cathedral"><img alt="St. Sophia Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/St._Sophia%27s.jpg/240px-St._Sophia%27s.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/St._Sophia%27s.jpg/360px-St._Sophia%27s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/St._Sophia%27s.jpg/480px-St._Sophia%27s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St. Sophia Cathedral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Volodymyr's Cathedral"><img alt="St. Volodymyr's Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev.jpg/115px-St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev.jpg/173px-St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev.jpg/230px-St._Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral_in_Kiev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="4668" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St. Volodymyr's Cathedral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:80-391-9007_Kyiv_St.Michael%27s_Golden-Domed_Monastery_RB_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery"><img alt="St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/80-391-9007_Kyiv_St.Michael%27s_Golden-Domed_Monastery_RB_18.jpg/270px-80-391-9007_Kyiv_St.Michael%27s_Golden-Domed_Monastery_RB_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/80-391-9007_Kyiv_St.Michael%27s_Golden-Domed_Monastery_RB_18.jpg/405px-80-391-9007_Kyiv_St.Michael%27s_Golden-Domed_Monastery_RB_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/80-391-9007_Kyiv_St.Michael%27s_Golden-Domed_Monastery_RB_18.jpg/540px-80-391-9007_Kyiv_St.Michael%27s_Golden-Domed_Monastery_RB_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pokrova_Nunnery_Kyiv.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathedral of St Nicholas, Pokrovsky Nunnery"><img alt="Cathedral of St Nicholas, Pokrovsky Nunnery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Pokrova_Nunnery_Kyiv.JPG/232px-Pokrova_Nunnery_Kyiv.JPG" decoding="async" width="155" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Pokrova_Nunnery_Kyiv.JPG/348px-Pokrova_Nunnery_Kyiv.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Pokrova_Nunnery_Kyiv.JPG/464px-Pokrova_Nunnery_Kyiv.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3389" data-file-height="2631" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pokrovsky_Nunnery" title="Pokrovsky Nunnery">Cathedral of St Nicholas, Pokrovsky Nunnery</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral,_Kyiv_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Cathedral"><img alt="St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral%2C_Kyiv_8.jpg/120px-St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral%2C_Kyiv_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral%2C_Kyiv_8.jpg/180px-St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral%2C_Kyiv_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral%2C_Kyiv_8.jpg/240px-St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral%2C_Kyiv_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2003" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Roman_Catholic_Cathedral,_Kyiv" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Cathedral, Kyiv">St. Nicholas Roman Catholic Cathedral</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyiv,_St_Andrew_church_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Andrew's Church"><img alt="Saint Andrew's Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Kyiv%2C_St_Andrew_church_%282%29.jpg/135px-Kyiv%2C_St_Andrew_church_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Kyiv%2C_St_Andrew_church_%282%29.jpg/202px-Kyiv%2C_St_Andrew_church_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Kyiv%2C_St_Andrew_church_%282%29.jpg/270px-Kyiv%2C_St_Andrew_church_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Saint Andrew's Church</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mariinskyi Palace"><img alt="Mariinskyi Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96.jpg/271px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96.jpg/406px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96.jpg/541px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5916" data-file-height="3938" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mariinskyi Palace</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Bank_of_Ukraine_new.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Bank of Ukraine"><img alt="National Bank of Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/National_Bank_of_Ukraine_new.jpg/273px-National_Bank_of_Ukraine_new.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/National_Bank_of_Ukraine_new.jpg/409px-National_Bank_of_Ukraine_new.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/National_Bank_of_Ukraine_new.jpg/545px-National_Bank_of_Ukraine_new.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4340" data-file-height="2867" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Ukraine" title="National Bank of Ukraine">National Bank of Ukraine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 169.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 167.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""House with Chimaeras""><img alt=""House with Chimaeras"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_4.jpg/251px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_4.jpg/376px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_4.jpg/501px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5092" data-file-height="3658" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"House with Chimaeras"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brodsky_Synagogue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brodsky Choral Synagogue – Moorish Revival architecture"><img alt="Brodsky Choral Synagogue – Moorish Revival architecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Brodsky_Synagogue.jpg/261px-Brodsky_Synagogue.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Brodsky_Synagogue.jpg/391px-Brodsky_Synagogue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Brodsky_Synagogue.jpg/522px-Brodsky_Synagogue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Brodsky_Synagogue_(Kyiv)" title="Brodsky Synagogue (Kyiv)">Brodsky Choral Synagogue</a> – Moorish Revival architecture</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Kyiv" title="Category:Culture in Kyiv">Category:Culture in Kyiv</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Opera_of_Ukraine_P1150634.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/National_Opera_of_Ukraine_P1150634.jpg/180px-National_Opera_of_Ukraine_P1150634.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/National_Opera_of_Ukraine_P1150634.jpg/270px-National_Opera_of_Ukraine_P1150634.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/National_Opera_of_Ukraine_P1150634.jpg/360px-National_Opera_of_Ukraine_P1150634.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3352" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Opera_House_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Opera House of Ukraine">Kyiv National Opera House</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiev_Academic_Puppet_Theatre_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Kiev_Academic_Puppet_Theatre_%286%29.jpg/180px-Kiev_Academic_Puppet_Theatre_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Kiev_Academic_Puppet_Theatre_%286%29.jpg/270px-Kiev_Academic_Puppet_Theatre_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Kiev_Academic_Puppet_Theatre_%286%29.jpg/360px-Kiev_Academic_Puppet_Theatre_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Academic_Puppet_Theatre" title="Kyiv Academic Puppet Theatre">Kyiv Academic Puppet Theatre</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Esc_2005_concert_on_maidan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Esc_2005_concert_on_maidan.jpg/180px-Esc_2005_concert_on_maidan.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Esc_2005_concert_on_maidan.jpg/270px-Esc_2005_concert_on_maidan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Esc_2005_concert_on_maidan.jpg/360px-Esc_2005_concert_on_maidan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1438" /></a><figcaption>A public concert held on <a href="/wiki/Maidan_Nezalezhnosti" title="Maidan Nezalezhnosti">Maidan Nezalezhnosti</a> during Kyiv's 2005 Eurovision Song Contest </figcaption></figure> <p>Kyiv was the historic cultural centre of the <a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavic</a> civilization and a major cradle for the <a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus">Christianization of Kievan Rus</a>. Kyiv retained through centuries its cultural importance and even at times of relative decay, it remained the centre of primary importance of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Its sacred sites of Kyiv Pechersk Lavra (the Monastery of the Caves) and the Saint Sophia Cathedral are attracting pilgrims for centuries and recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, remaining the primary religious centres as well as major tourist attractions. The above-mentioned sites are also part of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_Ukraine" title="Seven Wonders of Ukraine">Seven Wonders of Ukraine</a> collection. </p><p>In September 2023, the UNESCO World Heritage Committee placed the Saint Sophia Cathedral and Kyiv Pechersk Lavra on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_in_Danger" title="List of World Heritage in Danger">List of World Heritage in Danger</a>. According to the committee, although the Ukrainian government has taken action to protect the sites, "optimal conditions are no longer met to fully guarantee the protection of the Outstanding Universal Value of the property and that it is threatened by potential danger due to the war”. The list is protected by the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Convention" title="World Heritage Convention">1972 UNESCO Convention</a>, ratified by both Russia and Ukraine. Inclusion on the list is intended to mobilize urgent international support.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kyiv's theatres include the <a href="/wiki/National_Opera_of_Ukraine" title="National Opera of Ukraine">Kyiv Opera House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Franko_National_Academic_Drama_Theater" title="Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater">Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesya_Ukrainka_National_Academic_Theater" title="Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater">Lesya Ukrainka National Academic Theater</a>, the Kyiv <a href="/wiki/Puppet" title="Puppet">Puppet Theater</a>, <a href="/wiki/October_Palace" title="October Palace">October Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Philharmonic_of_Ukraine" title="National Philharmonic of Ukraine">National Philharmonic of Ukraine</a> and others. In 1946 Kyiv had four theatres, one opera house and one concert hall,<sup id="cite_ref-life_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but most tickets then were allocated to "privileged groups".<sup id="cite_ref-life_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other significant cultural centres include the <a href="/wiki/Dovzhenko_Film_Studios" title="Dovzhenko Film Studios">Dovzhenko Film Studios</a>, and the Kyiv Circus. The most important of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Kyiv" title="Category:Museums in Kyiv">city's many museums</a> are the Kyiv State Historical Museum, National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War, the <a href="/wiki/National_Art_Museum_of_Ukraine" title="National Art Museum of Ukraine">National Art Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Western_and_Oriental_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Western and Oriental Art">Museum of Western and Oriental Art</a>, the <a href="/wiki/PinchukArtCentre" title="PinchukArtCentre">Pinchuk Art Centre</a> and the National Museum of <a href="/wiki/Russian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian culture">Russian art</a>. </p><p>In 2005, Kyiv hosted the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2005" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2005">50th annual</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a> and in 2017 the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2017" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2017">62nd annual</a> Eurovision Song Contest. </p><p>Numerous songs and paintings were dedicated to the city. Some songs became part of Russian, Ukrainian and Jewish folklore. The most popular songs are "<a href="/wiki/Yak_tebe_ne_liubyty,_Kyieve_mii!" title="Yak tebe ne liubyty, Kyieve mii!">How not to love you, Kyiv of mine?</a>" and "Kyiv Waltz". Renowned Ukrainian composer <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Bilash" title="Oleksandr Bilash">Oleksandr Bilash</a> wrote an operetta called "Legend of Kyiv". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attractions">Attractions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Kyiv" title="List of public art in Kyiv">List of public art in Kyiv</a></div> <p>It is said that one can walk from one end of Kyiv to the other in the summertime without leaving the shade of its many trees. Most characteristic are the <a href="/wiki/Aesculus_hippocastanum" title="Aesculus hippocastanum">horse-chestnuts</a> (<span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">каштани</span></span>, <span title="Ukrainian-language text"><i lang="uk-Latn">kashtany</i></span>). </p><p>Kyiv is known as a green city with <a href="/wiki/M.M._Gryshko_National_Botanical_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden">two botanical gardens</a> and numerous large and small parks. The National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War is here, which offers both indoor and outdoor displays of military history and equipment surrounded by verdant hills overlooking the Dnieper river. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:306px;max-width:306px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.JPG/140px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.JPG/210px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.JPG/280px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:160px;max-width:160px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG/158px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG" decoding="async" width="158" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG/237px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG/316px-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The monument to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vladimir_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Vladimir Monument">St. Volodymyr, the Baptiser of Rus'</a>, overlooking from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vladimir_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Vladimir Hill">Saint Vladimir Hill</a> the scenic panorama of the left bank of Dnieper, is one of the symbols of Kyiv, often depicted in paintings and photographic works of the city.</div></div></div></div> <p>Among the numerous islands, Venetsiiskyi (or <a href="/wiki/Hydropark_in_Kyiv" title="Hydropark in Kyiv">Hydropark</a>) is the most developed. It is accessible by metro or by car, and includes an amusement park, swimming beaches, boat rentals, and night clubs. Other major islands include <a href="/wiki/Trukhaniv_Island" title="Trukhaniv Island">Trukhaniv</a>, Muromets, and Dolobetskyi. The Victory Park (<i>Park Peremohy</i>) near Darnytsia subway station is a popular destination for strollers, joggers, and cyclists. Boating, fishing, and water sports are popular pastimes in Kyiv. The area lakes and rivers freeze over in the winter and ice fishermen are a frequent sight, as are children with their ice skates. However, the peak of summer draws out a greater mass of people to the shores for swimming or sunbathing, with daytime high temperatures sometimes reaching 30 to 34 °C (86 to 93 °F).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vydubychi_Monastery_2008(Kiev).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vydubychi_Monastery_2008%28Kiev%29.JPG/220px-Vydubychi_Monastery_2008%28Kiev%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vydubychi_Monastery_2008%28Kiev%29.JPG/330px-Vydubychi_Monastery_2008%28Kiev%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vydubychi_Monastery_2008%28Kiev%29.JPG/440px-Vydubychi_Monastery_2008%28Kiev%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Lilacs in the National Botanical Garden, with the <a href="/wiki/Vydubychi_Monastery" title="Vydubychi Monastery">Vydubychi Monastery</a>, Darnytskyi Rail Bridge and left-bank Kyiv visible in the background</figcaption></figure> <p>The centre of Kyiv (Maidan Nezalezhnosti and Khreschatyk Street) becomes a large outdoor party place at night during summer months, with thousands of people having a good time in nearby restaurants, clubs and outdoor cafes. The central streets are closed for auto traffic on weekends and holidays. Andriivskyi Descent is one of the best known historic streets and a major tourist attraction in Kyiv. The hill is the site of the Castle of Richard the Lionheart; the baroque-style St Andrew's Church; the home of Kyiv born <a href="/wiki/Russian_literature" title="Russian literature">writer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov_Museum" title="Mikhail Bulgakov Museum">Mikhail Bulgakov</a>; the <i>monument to <a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_I_the_Wise" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaroslav I the Wise">Yaroslav the Wise</a></i>, the Grand Prince of Kyiv and of <a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Novgorod</a>; and numerous other monuments.<sup id="cite_ref-Sights_of_Kiev_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sights_of_Kiev-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A wide variety of farm produce is available in many of Kyiv's farmer markets with the <a href="/wiki/Bessarabskyi_Market" title="Bessarabskyi Market">Bessarabskyi Market</a> in the very centre of the city being most famous. Each residential region has its own market, or <i>rynok</i>. Here one will find table after table of individuals hawking everything imaginable: vegetables, fresh and smoked meats, fish, cheese, honey, dairy products such as milk and home-made <i>smetana</i> (sour cream), <a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">caviar</a>, cut flowers, housewares, tools and hardware, and clothing. Each of the markets has its own unique mix of products with some markets devoted solely to specific wares such as automobiles, car parts, pets, clothing, flowers, and other things. </p><p>At the city's southern outskirts, near the historic <a href="/wiki/Pyrohiv" title="Pyrohiv">Pyrohiv</a> village, there is an <a href="/wiki/Open-air_museum" title="Open-air museum">outdoor museum</a> officially called the Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of Ukraine. It has an area of 1.5 square kilometres (1 sq mi). This territory houses several "mini-villages" that represent by region the traditional rural architecture of Ukraine. </p><p>Kyiv also has numerous recreational attractions like bowling alleys, go-cart tracks, paintball venues, billiard halls and even shooting ranges. The 100-year-old <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Zoo" title="Kyiv Zoo">Kyiv Zoo</a> is on 40 hectares and according to CBC "the zoo has 2,600 animals from 328 species".<sup id="cite_ref-CBCAP_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBCAP-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1375px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_golden_domed_St_Michael%27s_Kiev.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of Mykhailiv Square (central Kyiv). From left to right: the Diplomatic Academy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (behind the monument to Princess Olga) and St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Panorama_golden_domed_St_Michael%27s_Kiev.jpg/1367px-Panorama_golden_domed_St_Michael%27s_Kiev.jpg" decoding="async" width="1367" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Panorama_golden_domed_St_Michael%27s_Kiev.jpg/2051px-Panorama_golden_domed_St_Michael%27s_Kiev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Panorama_golden_domed_St_Michael%27s_Kiev.jpg/2734px-Panorama_golden_domed_St_Michael%27s_Kiev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10215" data-file-height="1816" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_golden_domed_St_Michael%27s_Kiev.jpg" title="File:Panorama golden domed St Michael's Kiev.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A <a href="/wiki/Panorama" title="Panorama">panoramic</a> view of Mykhailiv Square (central Kyiv). From left to right: the Diplomatic Academy, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> (behind the monument to Princess Olga) and <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Golden-Domed_Monastery" title="St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery">St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery</a>.</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_galleries">Museums and galleries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Museums_in_Kyiv" title="Museums in Kyiv">Museums in Kyiv</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8,_2015_%D1%80..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8%2C_2015_%D1%80..jpg/220px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8%2C_2015_%D1%80..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8%2C_2015_%D1%80..jpg/330px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8%2C_2015_%D1%80..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8%2C_2015_%D1%80..jpg/440px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8%2C_2015_%D1%80..jpg 2x" data-file-width="4675" data-file-height="2527" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Museum_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historical Museum of Ukraine">National Historical Museum of Ukraine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kyiv is home to some 40 different museums.<sup id="cite_ref-CULKSO_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CULKSO-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009 they recorded a total of 4.3 million visits.<sup id="cite_ref-CULKSO_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CULKSO-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War is a memorial complex commemorating the Eastern Front of World War II in the hills on the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Kyiv#Historical_neighborhoods" title="Subdivisions of Kyiv">right-bank</a> of the Dnieper in <a href="/wiki/Pechersk_Raion" class="mw-redirect" title="Pechersk Raion">Pechersk</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv fortress">Kyiv fortress</a> is the 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortification</a> buildings situated in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> capital Kyiv, that once belonged to <a href="/wiki/Western_Russian_fortresses" title="Western Russian fortresses">western Russian fortresses</a>. These structures (once a united complex) were built in the Pechersk and neighbourhoods by the Russian army. </p><p>Some of the buildings are restored and turned into a museum called the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Fortress" title="Kyiv Fortress">Kyiv Fortress</a>, while others are in use in various military and commercial installations. The National Art Museum of Ukraine is a museum dedicated to Ukrainian art. The Golden Gate is a historic gateway in the ancient city's walls. The name <i>Zoloti Vorota</i> (Golden Gate) is also used for a nearby theatre and <a href="/wiki/Zoloti_Vorota_(Kyiv_Metro)" title="Zoloti Vorota (Kyiv Metro)">a station</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Metro" title="Kyiv Metro">Kyiv Metro</a>. The small <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Chernobyl_Museum" title="Ukrainian National Chernobyl Museum">Ukrainian National Chernobyl Museum</a> acts as both a memorial and historical center devoted to the events surrounding the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and its effect on the Ukrainian people, the environment, and subsequent attitudes toward the safety of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> as a whole. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Kyiv" title="Category:Sport in Kyiv">Category:Sport in Kyiv</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B3_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_(2011)._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B3_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%282011%29._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82..jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B3_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%282011%29._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B3_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%282011%29._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82..jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B3_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%282011%29._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B3_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%282011%29._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82..jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B3_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%282011%29._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>The annual 5.5-kilometre (3.4-mile) "Run under the Chestnuts" is a popular public sporting event in Kyiv, with hundreds taking part every year.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kyiv has many professional and amateur football clubs, including <a href="/wiki/FC_Dynamo_Kyiv" title="FC Dynamo Kyiv">Dynamo Kyiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/FC_Arsenal_Kyiv" title="FC Arsenal Kyiv">Arsenal Kyiv</a> and <a href="/wiki/FC_Obolon_Kyiv" title="FC Obolon Kyiv">FC Obolon Kyiv</a> but only Dynamo Kyiv play in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Premier_League" title="Ukrainian Premier League">Ukrainian Premier League</a>. Of these three, Dynamo Kyiv has had the most success over the course of its history. For example, up until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the club won 13 <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Top_League" title="Soviet Top League">USSR Championships</a>, 9 <a href="/wiki/USSR_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR Cup">USSR Cups</a>, and 3 <a href="/wiki/USSR_Super_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR Super Cup">USSR Super Cups</a>, thus making Dynamo the most successful club in the history of the Soviet Top League.<sup id="cite_ref-trophy_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trophy-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other prominent non-football sport clubs in the city include: the <a href="/wiki/Sokil_Kyiv" title="Sokil Kyiv">Sokil Kyiv</a> ice hockey club and <a href="/wiki/BC_Budivelnyk" title="BC Budivelnyk">BC Budivelnyk</a> basketball club. Both of these teams play in the highest Ukrainian leagues for their respective sports. Budivelnyk was founded in 1945, Sokil was founded in 1963, during the existence of the Soviet Union. Both these teams play their home games at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Sports_(Kyiv)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Sports (Kyiv)">Kyiv Palace of Sports</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyiv_NSC_Olimpiyskyi_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kyiv_NSC_Olimpiyskyi_5.jpg/220px-Kyiv_NSC_Olimpiyskyi_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kyiv_NSC_Olimpiyskyi_5.jpg/330px-Kyiv_NSC_Olimpiyskyi_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Kyiv_NSC_Olimpiyskyi_5.jpg/440px-Kyiv_NSC_Olimpiyskyi_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="866" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Olimpiyskiy_National_Sports_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex">Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics" title="1980 Summer Olympics">1980 Summer Olympics</a> held in the Soviet Union, Kyiv held the preliminary matches and the quarter-finals of the football tournament at its <a href="/wiki/Olimpiyskiy_National_Sports_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex">Olympic Stadium</a>, which was reconstructed specially for the event. From 1 December 2008, the stadium underwent a full-scale reconstruction in order to satisfy standards put in place by <a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">UEFA</a> for hosting the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2012" title="UEFA Euro 2012">Euro 2012</a> football tournament; the opening ceremony took place in the presence of president <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> on 8 October 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-YanuBOO_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YanuBOO-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the first major event being a <a href="/wiki/Shakira" title="Shakira">Shakira</a> concert which was specially planned to coincide with the stadium's re-opening during Euro 2012. Other notable sport stadiums/sport complexes in Kyiv include the <a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Lobanovskyi_Dynamo_Stadium" title="Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium">Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Sports,_Kyiv" title="Palace of Sports, Kyiv">Palace of Sports</a>, among many others. </p><p>Most Ukrainian national teams play their home international matches in Kyiv. The <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_national_football_team" title="Ukraine national football team">Ukraine national football team</a>, for example, will play matches at the re-constructed Olympic Stadium from 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Kyiv" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Kyiv">Category:Tourist attractions in Kyiv</a></div> <p>Since introducing a visa-free regime for EU-member states and Switzerland in 2005, Ukraine has seen a steady increase in the number of foreign tourists visiting the country.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Ukrainian_financial_crisis" title="2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis">2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis</a>, the average annual growth in the number of foreign visits in Kyiv was 23% over a three-year period.<sup id="cite_ref-touristsstat_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-touristsstat-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, a total of 1.6 million tourists stayed in Kyiv hotels, of whom almost 259,000 (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 16%) were foreigners.<sup id="cite_ref-touristsstat_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-touristsstat-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After UEFA Euro 2012, the city became the most popular destination for European tourists. A record number of 1.8 million foreign tourists was registered then along with about 2.5 million domestic tourists. More than 850,000 foreign tourists visited Kyiv in the first half of 2018, as compared to 660,000 tourists over the same period in 2013. As of 2018, the hotel occupancy rate from May to September averages 45–50%. Hostels and three-star hotels are approximately 90% full, four-star hotels 65–70%. Six five-star hotels average 50–55% occupancy. Ordinary tourists generally come from May to October, and business tourists from September to May.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_anthem">City anthem</h3></div> <p>In 2014, the Kyiv city's council established the city's anthem.<sup id="cite_ref-anthem_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthem-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became a 1962 song, "<a href="/wiki/Yak_tebe_ne_liubyty,_Kyieve_mii!" title="Yak tebe ne liubyty, Kyieve mii!">Yak tebe ne liubyty, Kyieve mii!</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-anthem_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthem-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">Як тебе не любити, Києве мій!</span></span>, roughly "How can I not love you, Kyiv of mine!"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_symbols">City symbols</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Horse_chestnut_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse chestnut tree">horse chestnut tree</a> is one of the symbols of Kyiv.<sup id="cite_ref-7253616chestnutKyivD_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7253616chestnutKyivD-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was heavily present on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kyiv" title="Coat of arms of Kyiv">city's coat of arms</a> used from 1969 to 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-7253616chestnutKyivD_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7253616chestnutKyivD-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Kyiv" title="Category:Economy of Kyiv">Category:Economy of Kyiv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ukraine" title="Economy of Ukraine">Economy of Ukraine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_38_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8C_2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2012_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_38_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8C_2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2012_01.JPG/220px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_38_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8C_2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2012_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_38_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8C_2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2012_01.JPG/330px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_38_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8C_2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2012_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_38_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8C_2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2012_01.JPG/440px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_38_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8C_2_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2012_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The TsUM <a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">department store</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As with most <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital cities</a>, Kyiv is a major administrative, cultural, and scientific centre of the country. It is the largest city in Ukraine in terms of both population and area and enjoys the highest levels of business activity. On 1 January 2010, there were around 238,000 <a href="/wiki/List_of_company_registers#Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of company registers">business entities</a> registered in Kyiv.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Official figures show that between 2004 and 2008 Kyiv's economy outstripped the rest of the country's, growing by an annual average of 11.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-GDPKSO_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPKSO-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GDPSSC_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPSSC-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>, Kyiv's economy suffered a severe setback in 2009 with <a href="/wiki/Gross_regional_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross regional product">gross regional product</a> contracting by 13.5% in real terms.<sup id="cite_ref-GDPKSO_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPKSO-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a record high, the decline in activity was 1.6 <a href="/wiki/Percentage_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Percentage points">percentage points</a> smaller than that for the country as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-GDPSSC_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPSSC-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economy in Kyiv, as in the rest of Ukraine, recovered somewhat in 2010 and 2011. Kyiv is a middle-income city, with prices comparable to many mid-size American cities (i.e., considerably lower than Western Europe). </p><p>Because the city has a large and diverse economic base and is not dependent on any single industry or company, its unemployment rate has historically been relatively low – only 3.75% over 2005–2008.<sup id="cite_ref-JOBKSO_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JOBKSO-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, even as the rate of joblessness jumped to 7.1% in 2009, it remained far below the national average of 9.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-JOBKSO_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JOBKSO-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JOBSSC_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JOBSSC-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of January 2022, the average monthly salary in Kyiv reached 21,347 <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_hryvnia" title="Ukrainian hryvnia">UAH</a> (€540) gross and 17,184 UAH (€430) net.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kyiv is the undisputed center of business and commerce of Ukraine and home to the country's largest companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Naftogaz" title="Naftogaz">Naftogaz Ukrainy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energorynok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energorynok (page does not exist)">Energorynok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyivstar" title="Kyivstar">Kyivstar</a>. In 2010, the city accounted for 18% of national <a href="/wiki/Retail_sales" class="mw-redirect" title="Retail sales">retail sales</a> and 24% of all construction activity.<sup id="cite_ref-RSKSO_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSKSO-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RSSSC_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSSSC-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CWKSO_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWKSO-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CWSSC_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWSSC-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Real estate is one of the major forces in Kyiv's economy. Average prices of <a href="/wiki/Apartments" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartments">apartments</a> are the highest in the country and among the highest in eastern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kyiv also ranks high in terms of <a href="/wiki/Commercial_real_estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial real estate">commercial real estate</a> and has Ukraine's tallest <a href="/wiki/Office_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Office building">office buildings</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Gulliver_(building)" title="Gulliver (building)">Gulliver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parus_Business_Centre" title="Parus Business Centre">Parus</a>) and some of Ukraine's biggest shopping malls (such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dream_Town&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dream Town (page does not exist)">Dream Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Plaza" title="Ocean Plaza">Ocean Plaza</a>). </p><p>In May 2011, Kyiv authorities presented a 15-year development strategy which calls for attracting as much as EUR82 billion of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign investment</a> by 2025 to modernize the city's transport and utilities infrastructure and make it more attractive for tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Historical economic data </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2004</th> <th>2005</th> <th>2006</th> <th>2007</th> <th>2008</th> <th>2009</th> <th>2010</th> <th>2011</th> <th>2012</th> <th>2013 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nominal_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominal GDP">Nominal</a> <a href="/wiki/Gross_Regional_Product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Regional Product">GRP</a> (UAH <a href="/wiki/1000000000_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="1000000000 (number)">bn</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-GDPKSO_124-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPKSO-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>61.4</td> <td>77.1</td> <td>95.3</td> <td>135.9</td> <td>169.6</td> <td>169.5</td> <td>196.6</td> <td>223.8</td> <td>275.7</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nominal GRP (USD bn)**<sup id="cite_ref-GDPKSO_124-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPKSO-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SBNBU_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBNBU-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>11.5</td> <td>15.0</td> <td>18.9</td> <td>26.9</td> <td>32.2</td> <td>21.8</td> <td>24.8</td> <td>28.0</td> <td>34.5</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nominal GRP per capita (USD)**<sup id="cite_ref-GDPKSO_124-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPKSO-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SBNBU_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBNBU-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>4,348</td> <td>5,616</td> <td>6,972</td> <td>9,860</td> <td>11,693</td> <td>7,841</td> <td>8,875</td> <td>10,007</td> <td>12,192</td> <td>13,687 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Monthly wage (USD)**<sup id="cite_ref-SBNBU_137-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBNBU-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AWKSO_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWKSO-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>182</td> <td>259</td> <td>342</td> <td>455</td> <td>584</td> <td>406</td> <td>432</td> <td>504</td> <td>577</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment rate">Unemployment rate</a> (%)***<sup id="cite_ref-LMKSO_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LMKSO-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>n/a</td> <td>4.6</td> <td>3.8</td> <td>3.3</td> <td>3.3</td> <td>7.1</td> <td>6.4</td> <td>6.1</td> <td>6.0</td> <td>5.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Retail sales (UAH bn)<sup id="cite_ref-RSKSO_131-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSKSO-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>n/a</td> <td>n/a</td> <td>n/a</td> <td>34.87</td> <td>46.50</td> <td>42.79</td> <td>50.09</td> <td>62.80</td> <td>73.00</td> <td>77.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Retail sales (USD bn)<sup id="cite_ref-RSKSO_131-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSKSO-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SBNBU_137-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBNBU-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>n/a</td> <td>n/a</td> <td>n/a</td> <td>6.90</td> <td>8.83</td> <td>5.49</td> <td>6.31</td> <td>7.88</td> <td>9.14</td> <td>9.65 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Foreign direct investment (USD bn)<sup id="cite_ref-FDIKSO_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDIKSO-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2.1</td> <td>3.0</td> <td>4.8</td> <td>7.0</td> <td>11.7</td> <td>16.8</td> <td>19.2</td> <td>21.8</td> <td>24.9</td> <td>27.3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>* – data not available;</small> <small>** – calculated at annual average official exchange rate;</small> <small>*** – <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a> methodology (% of <a href="/wiki/Workforce" title="Workforce">workforce</a>).</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3></div> <p>Primary <a href="/wiki/Industry_(economics)" title="Industry (economics)">industries</a> in Kyiv include <a href="/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility">utilities</a> – i.e., electricity, gas and water supply (26% of total <a href="/wiki/Output_(economics)" title="Output (economics)">industrial output</a>), manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco products (22%), <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemical</a> (17%), <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a> (13%) and manufacture of paper and paper products, including publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media (11%).<sup id="cite_ref-IPKSO_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPKSO-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Oil_Transportation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Oil Transportation (page does not exist)">Institute of Oil Transportation</a> is headquartered here. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacture">Manufacture</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonov_An-124-100M_Ruslan,_Antonov_Design_Bureau_AN2177099.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Antonov_An-124-100M_Ruslan%2C_Antonov_Design_Bureau_AN2177099.jpg/220px-Antonov_An-124-100M_Ruslan%2C_Antonov_Design_Bureau_AN2177099.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Antonov_An-124-100M_Ruslan%2C_Antonov_Design_Bureau_AN2177099.jpg/330px-Antonov_An-124-100M_Ruslan%2C_Antonov_Design_Bureau_AN2177099.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Antonov_An-124-100M_Ruslan%2C_Antonov_Design_Bureau_AN2177099.jpg/440px-Antonov_An-124-100M_Ruslan%2C_Antonov_Design_Bureau_AN2177099.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-124_Ruslan" title="Antonov An-124 Ruslan">An-124</a>, the largest aircraft ever mass-produced, designed by <a href="/wiki/Antonov" title="Antonov">Antonov</a> in Kyiv</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuznia_na_Rybalskomu" title="Kuznia na Rybalskomu">Kuznia na Rybalskomu</a>, naval production</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonov_Serial_Production_Plant" title="Antonov Serial Production Plant">Antonov Serial Production Plant</a> (former Aviant), airplanes manufacturing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeros" title="Aeros">Aeros</a>, small aircraft production</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Roshen_Factory" title="Kyiv Roshen Factory">Kyiv Roshen Factory</a>, confectionery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_Factory" title="Arsenal Factory">Kyiv Arsenal</a> (former arms manufacturer), specializes in production of optic-precision instruments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obolon_(company)" title="Obolon (company)">Obolon</a>, brewery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Aircraft_Repair_Plant_410" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv Aircraft Repair Plant 410">Kyiv Aircraft Repair Plant 410</a>, repair factory at <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_International_Airport_(Zhuliany)" title="Kyiv International Airport (Zhuliany)">Zhuliany Airport</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_science">Education and science</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Kyiv" title="Category:Education in Kyiv">Category:Education in Kyiv</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific_research">Scientific research</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_54_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2010_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_54_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2010_01.JPG/220px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_54_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2010_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_54_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2010_01.JPG/330px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_54_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2010_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_54_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2010_01.JPG/440px-%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_54_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_2010_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The Ukrainian Academy of Sciences is based in Kyiv.</figcaption></figure> <p>Scientific research is conducted in many institutes of higher education and, additionally, in many <a href="/wiki/Research_institute" title="Research institute">research institutes</a> affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Ukraine" title="National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine">Ukrainian Academy of Sciences</a>. Kyiv is home to <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_and_Science_of_Ukraine" title="Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine">Ukraine's ministry of education and science</a>, and is also noted for its contributions to medical and computer science research. </p><p>In 2016, UNIT Factory (Ukrainian National IT Factory) opened. It offers a completely new format of IT education. The education is completely free for all trainees subject to compliance with the terms of the program. Within this project are the Technology Companies' Development Center (TCDC), BIONIC University open inter-corporate IT-university, as well as two hi-tech laboratories—VR Lab (Crytek) and Smart City lab.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_education">University education</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universidad_Roja_de_Kiev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Universidad_Roja_de_Kiev.jpg/220px-Universidad_Roja_de_Kiev.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Universidad_Roja_de_Kiev.jpg/330px-Universidad_Roja_de_Kiev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Universidad_Roja_de_Kiev.jpg/440px-Universidad_Roja_de_Kiev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>National Taras Shevchenko University</figcaption></figure> <p>Kyiv hosts many universities, the major ones being <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko_National_University_of_Kyiv" title="Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv">Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Kyiv Polytechnic Institute">National Technical University "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Kyiv-Mohyla_Academy" title="National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy">Kyiv-Mohyla Academy</a><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_National_University_of_Trade_and_Economics" title="Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics">Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics</a>. Of these, the Mohyla Academy is the oldest, founded as a theological school in 1632, but Shevchenko University, founded in 1834, is the oldest in continuous operation. The total number of institutions of higher education in Kyiv approaches 200,<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowing young people to pursue almost any line of study. While education traditionally remains largely in the hands of the state there are several accredited private institutions in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_education">Secondary education</h3></div> <p>There are about 530 general secondary schools and about 680 nursery schools and <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergartens</a> in Kyiv.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, there are evening schools for adults, specialist technical schools, and the <a href="/wiki/Evangel_Theological_Seminary" title="Evangel Theological Seminary">Evangel Theological Seminary</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_libraries">Public libraries</h3></div> <p>There are many libraries in the city, with the <a href="/wiki/Vernadsky_National_Library_of_Ukraine" title="Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine">Vernadsky National Library</a>, which is Ukraine's main <a href="/wiki/Academic_library" title="Academic library">academic library</a> and scientific <a href="/wiki/Information_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Information centre">information centre</a>, as well as one of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">national libraries</a>, being the largest and most important one.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Library is affiliated with the Academy of Sciences in so far as it is a <a href="/wiki/Deposit_library" class="mw-redirect" title="Deposit library">deposit library</a> and thus serves as the academy's archives' store. The national library is the world's foremost repository of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Jewish folk music</a> recorded on <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder" title="Phonograph cylinder">Edison wax cylinders</a>. Their Collection of Jewish Musical Folklore (1912–1947) was inscribed on UNESCO's <a href="/wiki/Memory_of_the_World_Register" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory of the World Register">Memory of the World Register</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-mow_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mow-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kyiv" title="Transport in Kyiv">Transport in Kyiv</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Local_public_transport">Local public transport</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%97-301_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%97-301_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.jpg/220px-%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%97-301_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%97-301_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.jpg/330px-%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%97-301_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%97-301_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.jpg/440px-%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%97-301_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2562" data-file-height="2589" /></a><figcaption>Trolleybus ElektroLAZ-301 at Sofia Square, passing by the statue of Bohdan Khmelnytsky</figcaption></figure> <p>Local public transportation in Kyiv includes the Metro, buses and <a href="/wiki/Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">minibuses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Funicular" title="Kyiv Funicular">funicular</a>. There is also an <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Urban_Electric_Train" title="Kyiv Urban Electric Train">intra-city ring railway service</a>. </p><p>The publicly owned and operated Kyiv Metro is the fastest, the most convenient and affordable network that covers most, but not all, of the city. The Metro is expanding towards the city limits to meet growing demand, having three lines with a total length of 66.1 kilometres (41.1 miles) and 51 stations (some of which are renowned architectural landmarks). The Metro carries around 1.422 million passengers daily<sup id="cite_ref-update_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-update-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accounting for 38% of the Kyiv's public transport load. In 2011, the total number of trips exceeded 519 million.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The historic tram system was the first electric tramway in the former Russian Empire and the third one in Europe after the <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Berlin" title="Trams in Berlin">Berlin Straßembahn</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> tramway. The tram system consists of 139.9 km (86.9 mi) of track,<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 14 km (8.7 mi) two <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Light_Rail" title="Kyiv Light Rail">Rapid Tram</a> lines, served by 21 routes with the use of 523 tram cars. Once a well maintained and widely used method of transport, the system is now gradually being phased out in favor of buses and trolleybuses. </p><p>The Kyiv Funicular was constructed during 1902–1905. It connects the historic <a href="/wiki/Old_Kyiv" title="Old Kyiv">Uppertown</a>, and the lower commercial neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Podil" title="Podil">Podil</a> through the steep Saint Volodymyr Hill overseeing the Dnieper River. The line consists of two stations. </p><p>All public road transport (except for some minibuses) is operated by the united <a href="/wiki/Kyivpastrans" title="Kyivpastrans">Kyivpastrans</a> municipal company. It is heavily subsidized by the city. </p><p>The Kyiv public transport system, except for taxi, uses a simple <a href="/wiki/Flat_rate" title="Flat rate">flat rate</a> tariff system regardless of distance traveled: tickets or tokens must be purchased each time a vehicle is boarded. <a href="/wiki/Digital_ticket" title="Digital ticket">Digital ticket</a> system is already established in Kyiv Metro, with plans for other transport modes. The cost of one ride is far lower than in Western Europe. </p><p>The taxi market in Kyiv is expansive but not regulated. In particular, the taxi fare per kilometer is not regulated. There is a fierce competition between private taxi companies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="833" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zoloti_Vorota_(Kyiv_Metro)" title="Zoloti Vorota (Kyiv Metro)">Zoloti Vorota Metro Station Central Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roads_and_bridges">Roads and bridges</h4></div> <p>Kyiv represents the focal point of Ukraine's "national roads" system, thus linked by road to all cities of the country. <a href="/wiki/International_E-road_network" title="International E-road network">European routes</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_route_E40" title="European route E40"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E40.svg/35px-Tabliczka_E40.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E40.svg/53px-Tabliczka_E40.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E40.svg/70px-Tabliczka_E40.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="130" /></a></span>, <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_route_E95" title="European route E95"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Tabliczka_E95.svg/35px-Tabliczka_E95.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Tabliczka_E95.svg/53px-Tabliczka_E95.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Tabliczka_E95.svg/70px-Tabliczka_E95.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="130" /></a></span> and <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_route_E373" title="European route E373"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tabliczka_E373.svg/35px-Tabliczka_E373.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tabliczka_E373.svg/53px-Tabliczka_E373.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Tabliczka_E373.svg/70px-Tabliczka_E373.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="130" /></a></span> intersect in Kyiv. </p><p>There are eight Dnieper bridges and dozens of <a href="/wiki/Grade_separation" title="Grade separation">grade-separated</a> intersections in the city. Several new intersections are under construction. There are plans to build a full-size, fully grade-separated <a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">ring road</a> around Kyiv.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Kyiv's roads were in poor technical condition and maintained inadequately.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">Traffic jams</a> and lack of parking space are growing problems for all road transport services in Kyiv. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boryspil_International_Airport_Kyiv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Boryspil_International_Airport_Kyiv.jpg/220px-Boryspil_International_Airport_Kyiv.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Boryspil_International_Airport_Kyiv.jpg/330px-Boryspil_International_Airport_Kyiv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Boryspil_International_Airport_Kyiv.jpg/440px-Boryspil_International_Airport_Kyiv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7678" data-file-height="5121" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boryspil_International_Airport" title="Boryspil International Airport">Boryspil International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air_transport">Air transport</h4></div> <p>Kyiv is served by two international passenger airports: the <a href="/wiki/Boryspil_International_Airport" title="Boryspil International Airport">Boryspil Airport</a> 30 kilometres (19 miles) away, and the smaller, municipally owned <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_International_Airport_(Zhuliany)" title="Kyiv International Airport (Zhuliany)">Zhuliany Airport</a> on the southern outskirts of the city. There are also the <a href="/wiki/Hostomel_Airport" title="Hostomel Airport">Hostomel cargo airport</a> and additional three operating <a href="/wiki/Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Airfield">airfields</a> facilitating the <a href="/wiki/Antonov" title="Antonov">Antonov aircraft manufacturing company</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railways">Railways</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_DSC_5417.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_DSC_5417.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_DSC_5417.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_DSC_5417.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_DSC_5417.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_DSC_5417.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_DSC_5417.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3741" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kyiv-Pasazhyrskyi_railway_station" title="Kyiv-Pasazhyrskyi railway station">Kyiv-Pasazhyrskyi Railway Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Railways are Kyiv's main mode of intracity- and suburban transportation. The city has a developed railroad infrastructure including a long-distance passenger station, 6 cargo stations, depots, and repairing facilities. However, this system still fails to meet the demand for passenger service. Particularly, the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv-Pasazhyrskyi_railway_station" title="Kyiv-Pasazhyrskyi railway station">Kyiv-Pasazhyrskyi railway station</a> is the city's only long-distance passenger terminal (<i>vokzal</i>). </p><p>Construction is underway for turning the large <a href="/wiki/Darnytsia_railway_station" title="Darnytsia railway station">Darnytsia railway station</a> on the left-bank part of Kyiv into a long-distance passenger hub, which may ease traffic at the central station.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bridges_in_Kyiv" title="Bridges in Kyiv">Bridges over the Dnieper River</a> are another problem restricting the development of city's railway system. Presently, only one rail bridge out of two is available for intense train traffic. A new combined rail-auto bridge is under construction, as a part of Darnytsia project. </p><p>In 2011, the Kyiv city administration established the new Urban Train for Kyiv. This service runs at standard 4- to 10-minute intervals throughout the day and follows a circular route around the city centre, which allows it to serve many of Kyiv's inner suburbs. Interchanges between the Kyiv Metro and Fast Tram exist at many of the urban train's station stops.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Suburban 'Kyiv City Express' trains (colloquially known as <i><a href="/wiki/Elektrichka" title="Elektrichka">elektrychka</a></i>) are serviced by the publicly owned <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Railways" title="Ukrainian Railways">Ukrainian Railways</a>. The suburban train service is fast, and unbeatably safe in terms of traffic accidents. But the trains are not reliable, as they may fall significantly behind schedule, may not be safe in terms of crime, and the <i>elektrychka</i> cars are poorly maintained and overcrowded in <a href="/wiki/Rush_hour" title="Rush hour">rush hours</a>. </p><p>There are nine <i>elektrychka</i> directions from Kyiv:<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bila_Tserkva" title="Bila Tserkva">Bila Tserkva</a> – <a href="/wiki/Uzyn" title="Uzyn">Uzyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastiv" title="Fastiv">Fastiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klavdiievo-Tarasove" title="Klavdiievo-Tarasove">Klavdiievo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myronivka" title="Myronivka">Myronivka</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bohuslav" title="Bohuslav">Bohuslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhyn" title="Nizhyn">Nizhyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainka,_Kyiv_Oblast" title="Ukrainka, Kyiv Oblast">Ukrainka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasylkiv" title="Vasylkiv">Vasylkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyshhorod" title="Vyshhorod">Vyshhorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahotyn" title="Yahotyn">Yahotyn</a></li></ul> <p>More than a dozen of <i>elektrychka</i> stops are within the city allowing residents of different neighborhoods to use the suburban trains. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=DTEK_Kyiv_Electric_Networks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DTEK Kyiv Electric Networks (page does not exist)">DTEK Kyiv Electric Networks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%9A_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:ДТЕК Київські електромережі">uk</a>]</span> (formerly Kyivenergo) is the electric power <a href="/wiki/Distribution_network_operator" title="Distribution network operator">distribution network operator</a> for Kyiv, owned by oligarch <a href="/wiki/Rinat_Akhmetov" title="Rinat Akhmetov">Rinat Akhmetov</a>. As of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyiv&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> it had:<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TEC-5(low).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/TEC-5%28low%29.jpg/220px-TEC-5%28low%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/TEC-5%28low%29.jpg/330px-TEC-5%28low%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/TEC-5%28low%29.jpg/440px-TEC-5%28low%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="1401" /></a><figcaption>CHP-5 (<span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">ТЕЦ-5</span></span>) is the largest and most powerful <a href="/wiki/Cogeneration" title="Cogeneration">combined heat and power</a> plant in Ukraine.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>12,038 km of power transmission lines with a voltage of 0.4–110 kV</li> <li>64 <a href="/wiki/Electrical_substation" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical substation">substations</a> with a voltage of 35–110 kV</li> <li>243 <a href="/wiki/Switchgear" title="Switchgear">switchgears</a> and 3728 <a href="/wiki/Transformer_substation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transformer substation">transformer substations</a> at 10 kV</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyivteploenergo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyivteploenergo (page does not exist)">Kyivteploenergo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="uk:Київтеплоенерго">uk</a>]</span> operates a centralized heating system, which provides heating and hot water to customers through a network of pipes that distribute hot water from centralized heating plants to buildings throughout the city. It operates a 2700 km network, two of the largest <a href="/wiki/Cogeneration" title="Cogeneration">combined heat and power</a> plants in Ukraine CHP-5 and CHP-6, as well as the only <a href="/wiki/Waste_incineration" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste incineration">waste incineration</a> plant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_(plant)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energia (plant) (page does not exist)">Energia (plant)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4_%C2%AB%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="uk:Завод «Енергія»">uk</a>]</span> operating in Ukraine. </p><p>In line with the EU <a href="/wiki/Third_Energy_Package" title="Third Energy Package">Third Energy Package</a>, since 2019 state energy policy abandoned the <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_plus" title="Rotterdam plus">Rotterdam plus</a> system and has required transmission system operator (TSO) and regional utilities unbundling in order to separate electricity distribution and retail electricity supply.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_and_sanitation">Water and sanitation</h3></div> <p>The national government has delegated responsibility for water and sanitation services to local authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyivvodokanal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyivvodokanal (page does not exist)">Kyivvodokanal</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" class="extiw" title="uk:Київводоканал">uk</a>]</span> is a <a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company#Ukraine" title="Joint-stock company">private joint-stock company</a> that provides such services to Kyiv. The length of water supply networks is 4231 km, of which 1798 km are dilapidated. The length of sewage networks is 2662 km, of which 830 km are dilapidated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine">List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine</a></div> <p>Kyiv is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ashgabat" title="Ashgabat">Ashgabat</a>, Turkmenistan (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, Kazakhstan (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece (1996)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, Azerbaijan (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a>, Kyrgyzstan (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, Brazil (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, Slovakia (1969)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Romania (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, United States (1991)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, Moldova (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland (1989)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Italy (1967)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Indonesia (2005)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, Poland (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, Japan (1971)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, Germany (1956)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, Peru (2005)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, Mexico (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany (1989)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Odense_Municipality" title="Odense Municipality">Odense</a>, Denmark (1989)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Osh_Region" title="Osh Region">Osh Region</a>, Kyrgyzstan (2002)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, South Africa (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, Latvia (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, Chile (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, Bulgaria (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>, China (2005)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, Estonia (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, Finland (1954)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a>, Uzbekistan (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia (1999)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>, France (1975)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, Lithuania (1991)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, China (1990)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_cooperation_agreements">Other cooperation agreements</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia (2002)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, Israel (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Canada (1991)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli, Libya</a> (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, Armenia (1995)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Kyiv" title="Category:People from Kyiv">Category:People from Kyiv</a></div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts,_literature,_and_entertainment"><span id="Arts.2C_literature.2C_and_entertainment"></span>Arts, literature, and entertainment</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Horowitz_1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Vladimir_Horowitz_1986.jpg/140px-Vladimir_Horowitz_1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Vladimir_Horowitz_1986.jpg/210px-Vladimir_Horowitz_1986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Vladimir_Horowitz_1986.jpg/280px-Vladimir_Horowitz_1986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="1985" /></a><figcaption>Pianist <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a>, 1986</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milla_Jovovich_Cannes_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Milla_Jovovich_Cannes_Crop.jpg/140px-Milla_Jovovich_Cannes_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Milla_Jovovich_Cannes_Crop.jpg/210px-Milla_Jovovich_Cannes_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Milla_Jovovich_Cannes_Crop.jpg/280px-Milla_Jovovich_Cannes_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Milla_Jovovich" title="Milla Jovovich">Milla Jovovich</a>, 2000</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Bronevoy" title="Leonid Bronevoy">Leonid Bronevoy</a> (1928–2017), Soviet and Russian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bulgakov" title="Mikhail Bulgakov">Mikhail Bulgakov</a> (1891–1940), Soviet writer, medical doctor and playwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenia_Chuprina" title="Eugenia Chuprina">Eugenia Chuprina</a> (born 1971), poet, novelist, writer and playwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_the_Traveller" title="Daniel the Traveller">Daniel the Traveller</a>, 12th-century travel writer from the <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Ehrenburg" title="Ilya Ehrenburg">Ilya Ehrenburg</a> (1891–1967), Soviet writer, journalist, translator and cultural figure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Grabar" title="André Grabar">André Grabar</a> (1896–1990), historian of <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque art</a> and the art of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> and the Bulgarian Empire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_Gubin" title="Selma Gubin">Selma Gubin</a> (1903–1974), Russian Empire-born American artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Hnatyuk" title="Dmytro Hnatyuk">Dmytro Hnatyuk</a> (1925–2016), Soviet and Ukrainian opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olha_Haidamaka" title="Olha Haidamaka">Olha Haidamaka</a> (born 1990), Ukrainian artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Horn" title="Milton Horn">Milton Horn</a> (1906–1995), Russian-American sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a> (1903–1989), American classical pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Ivanov_(film_director)" title="Viktor Ivanov (film director)">Viktor Ivanov</a> (1909–1981), Soviet film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milla_Jovovich" title="Milla Jovovich">Milla Jovovich</a> (born 1975), American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonya_Koshkina" title="Sonya Koshkina">Sonya Koshkina</a> (born 1985), Ukrainian journalist, editor-in-chief</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateryna_Kukhar" title="Kateryna Kukhar">Kateryna Kukhar</a> (born 1982), prima ballerina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danylo_Knyshuk" title="Danylo Knyshuk">Danylo Knyshuk</a> (born 1978), Ukrainian sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viacheslav_Kryshtofovych" title="Viacheslav Kryshtofovych">Viacheslav Kryshtofovych</a> (born 1947), Ukrainian film director and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Layevska" title="Ana Layevska">Ana Layevska</a> (born 1982), Ukrainian-Mexican actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Levit-Broun" title="Boris Levit-Broun">Boris Levit-Broun</a> (born 1950), Russian poet, writer, and artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Lifar" title="Serge Lifar">Serge Lifar</a> (1905–1986), French ballet dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Kazimir Malevich</a> (1879–1935), pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Geometric_abstract_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Geometric abstract art">geometric abstract art</a> and the originator of the avant-garde <a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalya_Marchenkova" title="Natalya Marchenkova">Natalya Marchenkova</a> (born 1948), animator and animation director, born in Kyiv<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Matsak" title="Natalia Matsak">Natalia Matsak</a> (born 1982), ballet dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galyna_Moskvitina" title="Galyna Moskvitina">Galyna Moskvitina</a> (born 1963), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Putrov" title="Ivan Putrov">Ivan Putrov</a> (born 1980), dancer, former Principal with <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Ballet" title="The Royal Ballet">The Royal Ballet</a> in London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maksym_Petrenko" title="Maksym Petrenko">Maksym Petrenko</a> (1983–2022), Ukrainian writer, scientist, inventor, educator, soldier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yudif_Grigorevna_Rozhavskaya" title="Yudif Grigorevna Rozhavskaya">Yudif Grigorevna Rozhavskaya</a> (1923–1982), composer and pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Rybchynskyi" title="Yuriy Rybchynskyi">Yuriy Rybchynskyi</a> (born 1945), poet and playwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalya_Semenchenko" title="Natalya Semenchenko">Natalya Semenchenko</a> (born 1976), professor, writer, and publicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Shestov" title="Lev Shestov">Lev Shestov</a> (1866–1938), Russian <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">existentialist</a> philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksana_Shvets" title="Oksana Shvets">Oksana Shvets</a> (1955–2022), Ukrainian actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vertinsky" title="Alexander Vertinsky">Alexander Vertinsky</a> (1889—1957), singer, composer, poet, cabaret artist and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludmila_Anatolievna_Yaroshevskaya" title="Ludmila Anatolievna Yaroshevskaya">Ludmila Anatolievna Yaroshevskaya</a> (1906–1975), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemy_Vedel" title="Artemy Vedel">Artemy Vedel</a> (1767–1808), composer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg/140px-Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg/210px-Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg/280px-Igor_Sikorsky-TIME-1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky">Igor Sikorsky</a> on Time magazine cover, 1953</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Amosov" title="Nikolai Amosov">Nikolai Amosov</a> (1913–2002), Soviet and Ukrainian heart surgeon and inventor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zino_Davidoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Zino Davidoff">Zino Davidoff</a> (1906–1994), Swiss premium tobacco manufacturer; known as "King of Cigars"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Koum" title="Jan Koum">Jan Koum</a> (born 1976), American computer programmer, CEO and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Kaspruk" title="Viktor Kaspruk">Viktor Kaspruk</a>, (born 1955), political scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ostrowski" title="Alexander Ostrowski">Alexander Ostrowski</a> (1893–1986), mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borys_Paton" title="Borys Paton">Borys Paton</a> (1918–2020), scientist, chairman of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Ukraine" title="National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine">National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky">Igor Sikorsky</a> (1889–1972), Russian-American aviation pioneer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Zaginaichenko" title="Svetlana Zaginaichenko">Svetlana Zaginaichenko</a> (1957-2015), physicist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics_2">Politics</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golda_Meir_03265u.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Golda_Meir_03265u.jpg/140px-Golda_Meir_03265u.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Golda_Meir_03265u.jpg/210px-Golda_Meir_03265u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Golda_Meir_03265u.jpg/280px-Golda_Meir_03265u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1822" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a>, Prime Minister of Israel, 1973</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a> (1898–1978), Israeli politician, the fourth <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_P._Melnikow" title="Henry P. Melnikow">Henry P. Melnikow</a>, economic consultant to unions involved in labor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Berdyaev" title="Nikolai Berdyaev">Nikolai Berdyaev</a> (1874–1948), Russian Orthodox religious and political philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Markovitch" title="Jonathan Markovitch">Jonathan Markovitch</a> (born 1967), Chief Rabbi of Kyiv</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Mohyla" title="Petro Mohyla">Petro Mohyla</a> (1596–1647), <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan bishop</a> of Kyiv from 1633<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Morgulis" title="Mikhail Morgulis">Mikhail Morgulis</a> (1941–2021), Russian-language writer, editor and theologian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_of_Kiev" title="Moses of Kiev">Moses of Kiev</a>, 12th century Talmudist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophan_Prokopovich" title="Theophan Prokopovich">Theophan Prokopovich</a> (1681–1736), theologian, poet, mathematician and philosopher<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_conflicts">Military conflicts</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugeniusz_Horbaczewski" title="Eugeniusz Horbaczewski">Eugeniusz Horbaczewski</a> (1917–1944), Polish fighter pilot</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuliia_Paievska" title="Yuliia Paievska">Yuliia "Taira" Paievska</a> (born 1968), founder of "Taira's Angels"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Blokhin" title="Oleg Blokhin">Oleg Blokhin</a> (born 1952), Ukrainian football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Ladik" title="Oleg Ladik">Oleg Ladik</a> (born 1971), Ukrainian-born Canadian Olympic wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Lobanovskyi" title="Valeriy Lobanovskyi">Valeriy Lobanovskyi</a> (1939–2002), Soviet and Ukrainian football coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Saliuk_Jr." title="Oleksandr Saliuk Jr.">Oleksandr Saliuk Jr.</a> (born 1978), Ukrainian rally driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Shevchenko" title="Andriy Shevchenko">Andriy Shevchenko</a> (born 1976), Ukrainian footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Slyusar" title="Igor Slyusar">Igor Slyusar</a> (born 1989), Ukrainian professional ice hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Skuz" title="Igor Skuz">Igor Skuz</a> (born 1976), Ukrainian racing driver</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_of_Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Oleg of Novgorod">Oleg of Novgorod</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 845–912</span>), <a href="/wiki/Rurik_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rurik dynasty">Rurikid</a> prince who ruled 882–912<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_of_Kiev" title="Olga of Kiev">Olga of Kiev</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 900–969</span>), a regent of <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a> for her son <a href="/wiki/Sviatoslav_I" title="Sviatoslav I">Sviatoslav</a> from 945 until 960<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nicholas Pritzker, scion of the <a href="/wiki/Pritzker_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritzker Family">Pritzker Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_the_Great" title="Vladimir the Great">Vladimir the Great</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 958–1015</span>), <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prince_of_Kiev" title="Grand Prince of Kiev">Grand Prince of Kiev</a> and ruler of <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a> from 980 to 1015<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Markovich_Brodsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Markovich Brodsky">Israel Markovich Brodsky</a> (1823–1888), businessman and philanthropist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honour">Honour</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Peninsula" title="Kyiv Peninsula">Kyiv Peninsula</a> in <a href="/wiki/Graham_Land" title="Graham Land">Graham Land</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, is named after the city of Kyiv.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ukraine" title="Portal:Ukraine">Ukraine portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_landmarks_of_cultural_heritage_in_Kyiv" title="List of national landmarks of cultural heritage in Kyiv">List of national landmarks of cultural heritage in Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Dnieper_River" class="mw-redirect" title="List of crossings of the Dnieper River">List of crossings of the Dnieper River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities,_colleges,_and_research_institutions_in_Kyiv" title="List of universities, colleges, and research institutions in Kyiv">List of universities, colleges, and research institutions in Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Ukraine" title="Outline of Ukraine">Outline of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehupetz" title="Yehupetz">Yehupetz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="#Name">§ Name</a> for alternative spellings and pronunciations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography" title="Reforms of Russian orthography">pre-1918 spelling</a>: Кіевъ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography" title="Reforms of Russian orthography">pre-1918 spelling</a>: Кій</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kyiv">"Kyiv – History"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504135716/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/317542/Kiev">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Kyiv+%E2%80%93+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FKyiv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Number_of_present_population_of_Ukraine_1_January_2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Number_of_present_population_of_Ukraine_1_January_2022_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Number_of_present_population_of_Ukraine_1_January_2022_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2022/zb/05/zb_%D0%A1huselnist.pdf">"Number of present population of Ukraine 1 January 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Ukrainian). UkrStat.gov.ua. 1 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810155123/https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2022/zb/05/zb_%D0%A1huselnist.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Number+of+present+population+of+Ukraine+1+January+2022&rft.pub=UkrStat.gov.ua&rft.date=2022-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukrstat.gov.ua%2Fdruk%2Fpublicat%2Fkat_u%2F2022%2Fzb%2F05%2Fzb_%25D0%25A1huselnist.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOksana_Lyachynska2012" class="citation web cs1">Oksana Lyachynska (31 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/guide/about-kyiv/kyivs-1530th-birthday-marked-with-fun-protest-1-128618.html">"Kyiv's 1,530th birthday marked with fun, protest"</a>. <i>Kyiv Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140601085436/http://www.kyivpost.com/guide/about-kyiv/kyivs-1530th-birthday-marked-with-fun-protest-1-128618.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Kyiv%27s+1%2C530th+birthday+marked+with+fun%2C+protest&rft.date=2012-05-31&rft.au=Oksana+Lyachynska&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fguide%2Fabout-kyiv%2Fkyivs-1530th-birthday-marked-with-fun-protest-1-128618.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KKMs5614-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KKMs5614_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KKMs5614_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/208052.html">Vitali Klitschko sworn in as mayor of Kyiv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202603/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/208052.html">Archived</a> 11 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (5 June 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poroshenko_appoints_Klitschko_head_of_Kyiv_city_administration_-_decree-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poroshenko_appoints_Klitschko_head_of_Kyiv_city_administration_-_decree_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poroshenko_appoints_Klitschko_head_of_Kyiv_city_administration_-_decree_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/210904.html">Poroshenko appoints Klitschko head of Kyiv city administration – decree</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140704081010/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/210904.html">Archived</a> 4 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (25 June 2014)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/210980.html">Poroshenko orders Klitschko to bring title of best European capital back to Kyiv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714210807/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/210980.html">Archived</a> 14 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (25 June 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citypopulation.de-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation.de_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html">"Major Agglomerations of the World"</a>. Citypopulation.de. 1 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191123050211/http://citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+Agglomerations+of+the+World&rft.pub=Citypopulation.de&rft.date=2021-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fworld%2FAgglomerations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Kyiv">"Definition of KYIV"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928161317/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Kyiv">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Definition+of+KYIV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FKyiv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kyiv">"Kyiv definition and meaning"</a>. <i>Collins English Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221128125544/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kyiv">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Kyiv+definition+and+meaning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fkyiv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kievan">kievan. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314083809/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kievan">Archived</a> 14 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 29 May 2013 from Dictionary.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2023/05/zb_vrp_2021.xlsx&ved=2ahUKEwjY1N_wjK-AAxVL8LsIHfbyBoIQFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3p1PStO6ejpZRSYd9Ix41p">"ВАЛОВИЙ РЕГІОНАЛЬНИЙ ПРОДУКТ У 2021 РОЦІ"</a>. <i>ukrstat.gov.ua</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ukrstat.gov.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%98%D0%99+%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%93%D0%86%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%99+%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%A3%D0%9A%D0%A2+%D0%A3+2021+%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A6%D0%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukrstat.gov.ua%2Fdruk%2Fpublicat%2Fkat_u%2F2023%2F05%2Fzb_vrp_2021.xlsx%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjY1N_wjK-AAxVL8LsIHfbyBoIQFnoECBEQAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw3p1PStO6ejpZRSYd9Ix41p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citymayors.com/features/euro_cities1.html">"City Mayors: The 500 largest European cities (1 to 100)"</a>. <i>www.citymayors.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100102120542/http://citymayors.com/features/euro_cities1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citymayors.com&rft.atitle=City+Mayors%3A+The+500+largest+European+cities+%281+to+100%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citymayors.com%2Ffeatures%2Feuro_cities1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/kiev">"Kiev"</a>. <i>TheFreeDictionary.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180805021737/https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kiev">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheFreeDictionary.com&rft.atitle=Kiev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com%2Fkiev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_of_Ukraine-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-History_of_Ukraine_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagocsi2010" class="citation book cs1">Magocsi, Paul Robert (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0mKRsElYNkC&pg=PT481"><i>A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples</i></a> (2nd, Revised ed.). University of Toronto Press. p. 481. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-9879-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-9879-6"><bdi>978-1-4426-9879-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614025229/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0mKRsElYNkC&pg=PT481">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ukraine%3A+The+Land+and+Its+Peoples&rft.pages=481&rft.edition=2nd%2C+Revised&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-9879-6&rft.aulast=Magocsi&rft.aufirst=Paul+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ0mKRsElYNkC%26pg%3DPT481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreston2022" class="citation web cs1">Preston, Rich [@RichPreston] (25 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RichPreston/status/1497147957996630017">"And here's what the BBC Pronunciation Unit advises. We changed our pronunciation and spelling of Kiev to Kyiv in 2019"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=And+here%27s+what+the+BBC+Pronunciation+Unit+advises.+We+changed+our+pronunciation+and+spelling+of+Kiev+to+Kyiv+in+2019.&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRichPreston%2Fstatus%2F1497147957996630017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Kyiv">"Kyiv"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Kyiv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FKyiv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2011" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Peter_Roach_(phonetician)" title="Peter Roach (phonetician)">Roach, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jane_Setter" title="Jane Setter">Setter, Jane</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Esling" title="John Esling">Esling, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary</a></i> (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6"><bdi>978-0-521-15255-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15255-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lpd3-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lpd3_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lpd3_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrubachev1987" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Trubachyov" title="Oleg Trubachyov">Trubachev, O. N.</a>, ed. (1987). "*kyjevъ/*kyjevo". <i>Ėtimologicheskiĭ slovarʹ slavi͡anskikh I͡Azykov: Praslavi͡anskiĭ leksicheskiĭ fond</i> (in Russian). Vol. 13 (*kroměžirъ–*kyžiti). Moscow: Nauka. pp. 256–257.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%2Akyjev%D1%8A%2F%2Akyjevo&rft.btitle=%C4%96timologicheski%C4%AD+slovar%CA%B9+slavi%CD%A1anskikh+I%CD%A1Azykov%3A+Praslavi%CD%A1anski%C4%AD+leksicheski%C4%AD+fond&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=256-257&rft.pub=Nauka&rft.date=1987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudnyc'kyj, Jaroslav Bohdan (1962–1982). An etymological dictionary of the Ukrainian language. 2., rev. ed. Winnipeg: Ukrainian free acad. of sciences, pp. 660–663.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collins-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-collins_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collins_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kiev">"Kiev"</a>. <i>Collins English Dictionary</i>. HarperCollins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501212120/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kiev">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Kiev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fkiev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span> The entry is the same as the print edition of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Collins Dictionary of English</i> (13th ed.). Glasgow, UK: HarperCollins. 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collins+Dictionary+of+English&rft.place=Glasgow%2C+UK&rft.edition=13th&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span> It includes the note "<i>Ukrainian name</i>: Kyiv". For American English, the website also includes the definition from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Webster's New World College Dictionary</i> (4th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+New+World+College+Dictionary&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span> In the 2018 fifth edition, WNWCD changed the main headword to <i>Kyiv</i>, with <i>Kiev</i> as a see-also entry with the label "Russ. name for <b>Kyiv</b>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Kiev">"Kiev"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</i>. Merriam-Webster. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201113053916/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Kiev">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Kiev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FKiev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span> Merriam–Webster's online dictionary entry has the headword "<b>Kiev</b>" with the label "variants: <i>or Ukrainian</i> <b>Kyiv</b> <i>or</i> <b>Kyyiv</b>." According to M–W's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/help/explanatory-notes/dict-usage">help on entries</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811071307/https://www.merriam-webster.com/help/explanatory-notes/dict-usage">Archived</a> 11 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, the key word <i>or</i> signals an equal variant spelling: "these the two spellings occur with equal or nearly equal frequency and can be considered equal variants. Both are standard, and either one may be used according to personal inclination."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUkrainian_Commission_for_Legal_Terminology" class="citation web cs1">Ukrainian Commission for Legal Terminology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uazone.net/Kiev_Kyiv.html">"Kiev?, Kyiv?! Which is right?"</a>. UA Zone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526012255/http://www.uazone.net/Kiev_Kyiv.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kiev%3F%2C+Kyiv%3F%21+Which+is+right%3F&rft.pub=UA+Zone&rft.au=Ukrainian+Commission+for+Legal+Terminology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uazone.net%2FKiev_Kyiv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023014/https://www.lexico.com/definition/kiev">"Kiev"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/definition/kiev">the original</a> on 12 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionary+on+Lexico.com&rft.atitle=Kiev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fkiev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span> The entry includes the usage note "Ukrainian name <b>Kyiv</b>", and the dictionary has a see-also entry for "Kyiv" cross-referencing this one. The entry text is republished from the print edition of the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Oxford Dictionary of English</i> (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+English&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/kiev">"Kiev"</a>. <i>Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online</i>. Pearson English Language Teaching. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506050832/http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/kiev">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Longman+Dictionary+of+Contemporary+English+Online&rft.atitle=Kiev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ldoceonline.com%2Fdictionary%2Fkiev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/kyiv-not-kiev-why-spelling-matters-in-ukraines-quest-for-an-independent-identity/">"Kyiv not Kiev: Why spelling matters in Ukraine's quest for an independent identity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlantic Council">The Atlantic Council</a>. 21 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200119141129/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/kyiv-not-kiev-why-spelling-matters-in-ukraines-quest-for-an-independent-identity/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kyiv+not+Kiev%3A+Why+spelling+matters+in+Ukraine%27s+quest+for+an+independent+identity&rft.pub=The+Atlantic+Council&rft.date=2019-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2Fblogs%2Fukrainealert%2Fkyiv-not-kiev-why-spelling-matters-in-ukraines-quest-for-an-independent-identity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-use-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-use_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-use_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-use_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-use_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leksika.com.ua/13290305/ure/kiyiv">Kyiv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161124133700/http://leksika.com.ua/13290305/ure/kiyiv">Archived</a> 24 November 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Encyclopedia" title="Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia">Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leksika.com.ua/13290305/ure/kiyiv">Kiev</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161124133700/http://leksika.com.ua/13290305/ure/kiyiv">Archived</a> 24 November 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Encyclopedia" title="Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia">Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia</a>: "Населення періоду мідного віку на тер. К. було носієм т. з. трипільської культури; відомі й знахідки окремих предметів бронзового віку."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eob-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eob_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eob_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kyiv">Kyiv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504135716/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/317542/Kiev">Archived</a> 4 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Britannica"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a>. Retrieved 9 March 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Petro_Tolochko" title="Petro Tolochko">Petro Tolochko</a>, Glib Ivakin, Yaroslava Vermenych. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Kyiv_mst">Kyiv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226013846/http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Kyiv_mst">Archived</a> 26 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabinovich GA From the history of urban settlements in the eastern Slavs. In the book.: History, culture, folklore and ethnography of the Slavic peoples. M. 1968. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЕрофалов-Пилипчак2019" class="citation book cs1">Ерофалов-Пилипчак, Борис (22 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YWg2ywEACAAJ"><i>Римский Киев: или Castrum Azagarium на Киево-Подоле</i></a>. A+C. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786177765010" title="Special:BookSources/9786177765010"><bdi>9786177765010</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621175340/https://books.google.com/books/about/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2.html?id=YWg2ywEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2020</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%3A+%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+Castrum+Azagarium+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5&rft.pub=A%2BC&rft.date=2019-02-22&rft.isbn=9786177765010&rft.aulast=%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA&rft.aufirst=%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYWg2ywEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazlitt1851" class="citation web cs1">Hazlitt, William (22 February 1851). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eMUBAAAAYAAJ&dq=Amadoca&pg=PA29">"The Classical Gazetteer: A Dictionary of Ancient Geography, Sacred and Profane"</a>. Whittaker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804081050/https://books.google.com/books?id=eMUBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA29&lpg=PA29&dq=Amadoca&source=bl&ots=IlQ3FheTTw&sig=ACfU3U0CbJwExMEZ01bbTNgNHIofesupoQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz0fCGkYjqAhU5RDABHRzPB90Q6AEwEHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Amadoca&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2020</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Classical+Gazetteer%3A+A+Dictionary+of+Ancient+Geography%2C+Sacred+and+Profane&rft.pub=Whittaker&rft.date=1851-02-22&rft.aulast=Hazlitt&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeMUBAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3DAmadoca%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sigfús Blöndal. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vFRug14ui7gC&dq=de+administrando+imperio+Kioava&pg=PA9">The Varangians of Byzantium</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200625114047/https://books.google.com/books?id=vFRug14ui7gC&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=de+administrando+imperio+Kioava&source=bl&ots=Wnsq6ePXjd&sig=ACfU3U0q7AqEvpTy7StBDeqXxKsRj5Ee3A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0ooe3rYjqAhVwQjABHfbIBRsQ6AEwAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=de%20administrando%20imperio%20Kioava&f=false">Archived</a> 25 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pechersk.kyivcity.gov.ua/content/mennyu-1.html">History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613215705/https://pechersk.kyivcity.gov.ua/content/mennyu-1.html">Archived</a> 13 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Pechersk Raion in the Kiev City.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">dr. Viktor Padányi – Dentu-Magyaria p. 325, footnote 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoweRyaboy" class="citation web cs1">Lowe, Steven; Ryaboy, Dmitriy V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027115640/http://www.geocities.com/egfroth1/Pechenegs">"The Pechenegs"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.com/egfroth1/Pechenegs">the original</a> on 27 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Pechenegs&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Ryaboy%2C+Dmitriy+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Fegfroth1%2FPechenegs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_M._HOHENBERGLynn_Hollen_LeesPaul_M_Hohenberg2009" class="citation book cs1">Paul M. HOHENBERG; Lynn Hollen Lees; Paul M Hohenberg (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-fm0wWa_L80C&pg=PA10"><i>The Making of Urban Europe, 1000–1994</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03873-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03873-8"><bdi>978-0-674-03873-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140728201257/http://books.google.com/books?id=-fm0wWa_L80C&pg=PA10">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Urban+Europe%2C+1000%E2%80%931994&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-03873-8&rft.au=Paul+M.+HOHENBERG&rft.au=Lynn+Hollen+Lees&rft.au=Paul+M+Hohenberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-fm0wWa_L80C%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlokhy2006" class="citation book cs1">Plokhy, Serhii (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329135435/http://shron.chtyvo.org.ua/Plokhii_Serhii/The_Origins_of_the_Slavic_Nations_Premodern_Identities_in_Russia_Ukraine_and_Belarus__en.pdf"><i>The Origins of the Slavic Nations</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cambridge University Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521864039" title="Special:BookSources/9780521864039"><bdi>9780521864039</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shron.chtyvo.org.ua/Plokhii_Serhii/The_Origins_of_the_Slavic_Nations_Premodern_Identities_in_Russia_Ukraine_and_Belarus__en.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Slavic+Nations&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780521864039&rft.aulast=Plokhy&rft.aufirst=Serhii&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshron.chtyvo.org.ua%2FPlokhii_Serhii%2FThe_Origins_of_the_Slavic_Nations_Premodern_Identities_in_Russia_Ukraine_and_Belarus__en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2004" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Janet L. B. (2004) [1986]. <i>Treasure of the Land of Darkness: The Fur Trade and Its Significance for Medieval Russia</i>. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511523199">10.1017/CBO9780511523199</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521548113" title="Special:BookSources/9780521548113"><bdi>9780521548113</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treasure+of+the+Land+of+Darkness%3A+The+Fur+Trade+and+Its+Significance+for+Medieval+Russia&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511523199&rft.isbn=9780521548113&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Janet+L.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janet Martin, <i>Medieval Russia:980–1584</i>, (Cambridge University Press, 1996), 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120530043944/https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/citd/RussianHeritage/4.PEAS/4.L/12.III.5.html">The Destruction of Kiev</a>, University of Toronto Research Repository</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrest_Subtelny1989" class="citation book cs1">Orest Subtelny (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mRE9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA38"><i>Ukraine. A History. [Illustr.] (Repr.)</i></a>. CUP Archive. p. 38. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614015220/https://books.google.com/books?id=mRE9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA38">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine.+A+History.+%26%2391%3BIllustr.%26%2393%3B+%28Repr.%29&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Orest+Subtelny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmRE9AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Michael (2000). <i>The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 6, c.1300–c.1415</i>. Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36290-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-36290-0">978-0-521-36290-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jerzy Lukowski, W. H. Zawadzki (2006). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HMylRh-wHWEC">A concise history of Poland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614032901/https://books.google.com/books?id=HMylRh-wHWEC">Archived</a> 14 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Cambridge University Press. p.53. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-61857-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-61857-6">0-521-61857-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bernardinai.lt/2010-05-03-ukraina-lietuvos-epocha-1320-1569/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Ukraina: Lietuvos epocha, 1320–1569"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bernardinai.lt" title="Bernardinai.lt">Bernardinai.lt</a></i> (in Lithuanian). 3 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230336/https://www.bernardinai.lt/2010-05-03-ukraina-lietuvos-epocha-1320-1569/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bernardinai.lt&rft.atitle=%22Ukraina%3A+Lietuvos+epocha%2C+1320%E2%80%931569%22&rft.date=2010-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bernardinai.lt%2F2010-05-03-ukraina-lietuvos-epocha-1320-1569%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://we.org.ua/history/hto-pobuduvav-kyyivskyj-zamok/">"Хто побудував київський замок?"</a>. <i>Про Україну</i> (in Ukrainian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170101014616/https://we.org.ua/history/hto-pobuduvav-kyyivskyj-zamok/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%83&rft.atitle=%D0%A5%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwe.org.ua%2Fhistory%2Fhto-pobuduvav-kyyivskyj-zamok%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies, Norman (1982). <i>God's Playground: A History of Poland, Vol. 1: The Origins to 1795</i>. Columbia University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-05351-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-05351-8">978-0-231-05351-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996). <i>A History of Ukraine</i>, University of Washington Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-97580-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-97580-6">0-295-97580-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Т.Г. Таирова-Яковлева, Иван Выговский // Единорогъ. Материалы по военной истории Восточной Европы эпохи Средних веков и Раннего Нового времени, вып.1, М., 2009: <i>Под влиянием польской общественности и сильного диктата Ватикана сейм в мае 1659 г. принял Гадячский договор в более чем урезанном виде. Идея Княжества Руського вообще была уничтожена, равно как и положение о сохранении союза с Москвой. Отменялась и ликвидация унии, равно как и целый ряд других позитивных статей.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eugeniusz_Romer" title="Eugeniusz Romer">Eugeniusz Romer</a>, O wschodniej granicy Polski z przed 1772 r., w: Księga Pamiątkowa ku czci Oswalda Balzera, t. II, Lwów 1925, s. [358].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEksteins1999" class="citation book cs1">Eksteins, Modris (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/walkingsincedayb0000ekst"><i>Walking Since Daybreak</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Harcourt" title="Houghton Mifflin Harcourt">Houghton Mifflin</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/walkingsincedayb0000ekst/page/87">87</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-618-08231-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-618-08231-X"><bdi>0-618-08231-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walking+Since+Daybreak&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-618-08231-X&rft.aulast=Eksteins&rft.aufirst=Modris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwalkingsincedayb0000ekst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brama-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brama_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brama.com/ukraine/history/terror/index.html">"The Great Purge under Stalin 1937–38"</a>. brama.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100124123256/http://www.brama.com/ukraine/history/terror/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+Purge+under+Stalin+1937%E2%80%9338&rft.pub=brama.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brama.com%2Fukraine%2Fhistory%2Fterror%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Figes-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Figes_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Figes" title="Orlando Figes">Orlando Figes</a> <i>The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia</i>, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0805074619" title="Special:BookSources/0805074619">0805074619</a>, pages 227–315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Social_Catastrophe-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Social_Catastrophe_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Gellately, <i>Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe</i> (Knopf, 2007: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4000-4005-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-4000-4005-1">1-4000-4005-1</a>), 720 pages.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Goldhagen, <i>Hitler's Willing Executioners</i> (p. 290) – "2.8 million young, healthy Soviet POWs" killed by the Germans, "mainly by starvation... in less than eight months" of 1941–42, before "the decimation of Soviet POWs... was stopped" and the Germans "began to use them as laborers".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/babiyar.html">"Babi Yar"</a>. <i>Jewish Virtual Library</i>. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140817044645/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/babiyar.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft.atitle=Babi+Yar&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FHolocaust%2Fbabiyar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andy Dougan, <i>Dynamo: Triumph and Tragedy in Nazi-Occupied Kiev</i> (Globe Pequot, 2004: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59228-467-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-59228-467-1">1-59228-467-1</a>), p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005421">"Kiev and Babi Yar"</a>. <i>Holocaust Encyclopedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323160622/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005421">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Holocaust+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Kiev+and+Babi+Yar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Farticle.php%3Flang%3Den%26ModuleId%3D10005421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kyivcity.gov.ua/news/u_kiyevi_bilya_vodoym_vidkrito_32_zoni_dlya_vidpochinku_z_yakikh_12__iz_mozhlivistyu_kupannya/">"У Києві біля водойм відкрито 32 зони для відпочинку, з яких 12 – із можливістю купання"</a>. <i>kyivcity.gov.ua</i> (in Ukrainian). 19 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809002809/https://kyivcity.gov.ua/news/u_kiyevi_bilya_vodoym_vidkrito_32_zoni_dlya_vidpochinku_z_yakikh_12__iz_mozhlivistyu_kupannya/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kyivcity.gov.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%A3+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96+%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BC+%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE+32+%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%2C+%D0%B7+%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+12+%E2%80%93+%D1%96%D0%B7+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F&rft.date=2020-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkyivcity.gov.ua%2Fnews%2Fu_kiyevi_bilya_vodoym_vidkrito_32_zoni_dlya_vidpochinku_z_yakikh_12__iz_mozhlivistyu_kupannya%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2020/06/19/7256376/">"У Кличка розповіли, де в Києві можна купатися, а де тільки засмагати. Список"</a>. <i>pravda.com.ua</i> (in Ukrainian). 19 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200624083402/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2020/06/19/7256376/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pravda.com.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%A3+%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B8%2C+%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8F%2C+%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8.+%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA&rft.date=2020-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2020%2F06%2F19%2F7256376%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_Urban_agglomerations_types_of_natural_risks-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_Urban_agglomerations_types_of_natural_risks_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006152606/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/WUP2011-F23-City_Risk_Natural-Disasters.xls">"Urban agglomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2011 and types of natural risks"</a>. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/WUP2011-F23-City_Risk_Natural-Disasters.xls">the original</a> on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Z</i>. <b>15</b> (3): 259–263. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MetZe..15..259K">2006MetZe..15..259K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1127%2F0941-2948%2F2006%2F0130">10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0941-2948">0941-2948</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305153610/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteorol.+Z.&rft.atitle=World+Map+of+the+K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger+climate+classification+updated&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=259-263&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=0941-2948&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1127%2F0941-2948%2F2006%2F0130&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006MetZe..15..259K&rft.aulast=Kottek&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=J.+Grieser&rft.au=C.+Beck&rft.au=B.+Rudolf&rft.au=F.+Rubel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkoeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at%2Fpdf%2Fkottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-extremes1-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-extremes1_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-extremes1_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-extremes1_66-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua/index.php?lang=en&fn=k_klimat&f=kyiv">"ЦГО Кліматичні дані по м.Києву"</a>. <i>cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua</i> (in Ukrainian). Central Observatory for Geophysics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418123950/http://cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua/index.php?lang=en&fn=k_klimat&f=kyiv">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%A6%D0%93%D0%9E+%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC.%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua%2Findex.php%3Flang%3Den%26fn%3Dk_klimat%26f%3Dkyiv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-extremes2-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-extremes2_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-extremes2_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-extremes2_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua/index.php?dv=klimat-rekords/">"ЦГО Кліматичні рекорди"</a>. <i>cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua</i> (in Ukrainian). Central Observatory for Geophysics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200331222524/http://cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua/index.php?dv=klimat-rekords%2F">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%A6%D0%93%D0%9E+%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua%2Findex.php%3Fdv%3Dklimat-rekords%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pogoda_kyiv-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pogoda_kyiv_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191213141910/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/33345.htm">"Weather and Climate – The Climate of Kyiv"</a> (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/33345.htm">the original</a> on 13 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weather+and+Climate+%E2%80%93+The+Climate+of+Kyiv&rft.pub=Weather+and+Climate+%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate%2F33345.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMOCLINOkyiv-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMOCLINOkyiv_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210717143555/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20%282%29.xls">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010"</a>. World Meteorological Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20(2).xls">the original</a> on 17 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1981%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=World+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1981-2010%2FRA-VI%2FUkraine%2F12.6.%2520WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%2520%282%29.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KyivDMI-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KyivDMI_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCappelenJensen" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cappelen, John; Jensen, Jens. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130427173827/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf">"Ukraine – Kyiv"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931–1960)</i> (in Danish). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+Data+for+Selected+Stations+%281931%E2%80%931960%29&rft.atitle=Ukraine+%E2%80%93+Kyiv&rft.pages=332&rft.aulast=Cappelen&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Jensen%2C+Jens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.dk%2Fdmi%2Ftr01-17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/ukraine/kiev-climate">"Kiev, Ukraine – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast"</a>. <i>Weather Atlas</i>. Yu Media Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703190237/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/ukraine/kiev-climate">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weather+Atlas&rft.atitle=Kiev%2C+Ukraine+%E2%80%93+Detailed+climate+information+and+monthly+weather+forecast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-atlas.com%2Fen%2Fukraine%2Fkiev-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-votecountKMEIU4614-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-votecountKMEIU4614_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/207829.html">Klitschko officially announced as winner of Kyiv mayor election</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200907181110/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/207829.html">Archived</a> 7 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (4 June 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3131537KlitschkoRE-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3131537KlitschkoRE_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-elections/3131537-vitali-klitschko-wins-in-first-round-of-kyiv-mayor-election.html">Vitali Klitschko wins in first round of Kyiv mayor election</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201106152400/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-elections/3131537-vitali-klitschko-wins-in-first-round-of-kyiv-mayor-election.html">Archived</a> 6 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a> (6 November 2020)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hrushevsky, M., Bar Starostvo: Historical Notes: XV–XVIII, St. Vladimir University Publishing House, Bol'shaya-Vasil'kovskaya, Building no. 29–31, Kiev, Ukraine, 1894; Lviv, Ukraine, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-12-004335-6" title="Special:BookSources/5-12-004335-6">5-12-004335-6</a>, pp. 1–623, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siumar_on_Kyiv-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Siumar_on_Kyiv_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFСюмар,_Вікторія2012" class="citation news cs1">Сюмар, Вікторія (22 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2012/05/22/6964965/">"Київ: стратегічна позиція чи "чемодан" без ручки?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140501135627/http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2012/05/22/6964965/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%3A+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F+%D1%87%D0%B8+%22%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%22+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8%3F&rft.date=2012-05-22&rft.au=%D0%A1%D1%8E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%2C+%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Farticles%2F2012%2F05%2F22%2F6964965%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-radiosvoboda.org-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-radiosvoboda.org_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFСвобода2012" class="citation news cs1">Свобода, Радіо (31 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/24756059.html">"Виборчі комісії фіксують перемогу опозиційних кандидатів у Києві"</a>. <i>Радіо Свобода</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222143446/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/24756059.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D1%96+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97+%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2+%D1%83+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%96&rft.date=2012-10-31&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiosvoboda.org%2Fa%2F24756059.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Битва_за_Київ-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Битва_за_Київ_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kontrakty.ua/article/59790"><bdi lang="uk">Битва за Київ: чому посада мера вже не потрібна Кличку і чи будуть вибори взагалі</bdi></a> (in Ukrainian). Kontrakty. 19 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130824001327/http://kontrakty.ua/article/59790">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%3A+%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%83+%D1%96+%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96&rft.date=2013-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkontrakty.ua%2Farticle%2F59790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nebozhenko-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nebozhenko_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gazeta.ua/articles/politics/_u-kozhnogo-kiyanina-v-golovi-dosvid-majdanu-i-ce-golovnij-bil-vsih-predstavnikiv/493982"><bdi lang="uk">У кожного киянина в голові – досвід Майдану</bdi></a> (in Ukrainian). 20 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220305145530/https://gazeta.ua/articles/politics/_u-kozhnogo-kiyanina-v-golovi-dosvid-majdanu-i-ce-golovnij-bil-vsih-predstavnikiv-vladi-ekspert/493982">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A3+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96+%E2%80%93+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83&rft.date=2013-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgazeta.ua%2Farticles%2Fpolitics%2F_u-kozhnogo-kiyanina-v-golovi-dosvid-majdanu-i-ce-golovnij-bil-vsih-predstavnikiv%2F493982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pravda1629-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pravda1629_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2012/10/29/6975859/">Interactive parliamentary election 2012 result maps</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121229195207/http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2012/10/29/6975859/">Archived</a> 29 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a><br /><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvk.gov.ua/">Election results in Ukraine since 1998</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101203204641/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/">Archived</a> 3 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Election_Commission_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Election Commission of Ukraine">Central Election Commission of Ukraine</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2UoQ-ueHjdEC&pg=PA1629">Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614003027/https://books.google.com/books?id=2UoQ-ueHjdEC&pg=PA1629">Archived</a> 14 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1851099077" title="Special:BookSources/1851099077">1851099077</a> (page 1629)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cQqr7f9QkngC&pg=PA122">Ukraine on its Meandering Path Between East and West</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614021111/https://books.google.com/books?id=cQqr7f9QkngC&pg=PA122">Archived</a> 14 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Andrej Lushnycky and <a href="/wiki/Mykola_Riabchuk" title="Mykola Riabchuk">Mykola Riabchuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lang_(publishing_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Lang (publishing company)">Peter Lang</a>, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/303911607X" title="Special:BookSources/303911607X">303911607X</a> (page 122)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2012-11-07/after-parliamentary-elections-ukraine-a-tough-victory-party-regions">After the parliamentary elections in Ukraine: a tough victory for the Party of Regions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130317180048/http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2012-11-07/after-parliamentary-elections-ukraine-a-tough-victory-party-regions">Archived</a> 17 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Eastern_Studies" title="Centre for Eastern Studies">Centre for Eastern Studies</a> (7 November 2012)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H23Pv4Ik3vMC&pg=PA396">Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806095344/https://books.google.com/books?id=H23Pv4Ik3vMC&pg=PA396">Archived</a> 6 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Uwe_Backes" title="Uwe Backes">Uwe Backes</a> and Patrick Moreau, <a href="/wiki/Vandenhoeck_%26_Ruprecht" title="Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht">Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht</a>, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-525-36912-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-525-36912-8">978-3-525-36912-8</a> (page 396)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/126937.html#.UUzMyKnCus0">Party of Regions gets 185 seats in Ukrainian parliament, Batkivschyna 101 – CEC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031065126/http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/126937.html#.UUzMyKnCus0">Archived</a> 31 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (12 November 2012)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130420221924/http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/udar-submits-to-rada-resolution-on-ukraines-integration-with-eu/">UDAR submits to Rada resolution on Ukraine's integration with EU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (8 January 2013)<br /><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucipr.kiev.ua/publications/electronic-bulletin-your-choice-2012-issue-4-batkivshchyna/lang/en">Electronic Bulletin "Your Choice – 2012". Issue 4: Batkivshchyna</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203020408/http://www.ucipr.kiev.ua/publications/electronic-bulletin-your-choice-2012-issue-4-batkivshchyna/lang/en">Archived</a> 3 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ukrainian Center for Independent Political Research (24 October 2012)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geopolitika.lt/?artc=4429">Ukraine's Party System in Transition? The Rise of the Radically Right-Wing All-Ukrainian Association "Svoboda"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202121637/http://www.geopolitika.lt/?artc=4429">Archived</a> 2 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Umland" title="Andreas Umland">Andreas Umland</a>, Centre for Geopolitical Studies (1 May 2011)<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2012/10/29/6975859/">"Вибори-2012. Результати голосування"</a> (in Ukrainian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130825040209/http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2012/10/29/6975859/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8-2012.+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Farticles%2F2012%2F10%2F29%2F6975859%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kiis.com.ua/?lang=eng&cat=reports&id=236&page=1">How relations between Ukraine and Russia should look like? Public opinion polls' results</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171223055352/http://www.kiis.com.ua/?lang=eng&cat=reports&id=236&page=1">Archived</a> 23 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_International_Institute_of_Sociology" title="Kyiv International Institute of Sociology">Kyiv International Institute of Sociology</a> (4 March 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-796003Kyivdistrictcouncils-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-796003Kyivdistrictcouncils_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/796003.html">Elections to Kyiv district councils will take place on October 30 [2022] – the decision of the Kyiv City Council</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203180827/https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/796003.html">Archived</a> 3 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a> (3 February 2022)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kiev_statistical_report-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kiev_statistical_report_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=527"><bdi lang="uk">Чисельність населення м.Києва</bdi></a> [Population of Kyiv city] (in Ukrainian). UkrStat.gov.ua. 1 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201009112619/http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=527">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%BC.%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=UkrStat.gov.ua&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua%2Fp.php3%3Fc%3D527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVilenchukYatsuk2009" class="citation book cs1">Vilenchuk, S.R.; Yatsuk, T.B., eds. (2009). <i>Kyiv Statistical Yearbook for 2008</i>. Kiev: Vydavnytstvo Konsultant LLC. p. 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-966-8459-28-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-966-8459-28-3"><bdi>978-966-8459-28-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kyiv+Statistical+Yearbook+for+2008&rft.place=Kiev&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=Vydavnytstvo+Konsultant+LLC&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-966-8459-28-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKudritskiy1982" class="citation book cs1">Kudritskiy, A. V. (1982). <i>KIEV entsiklopedicheskiy spravochnik</i>. Kiev: Glavnaya redaktsia Ukrainskoy Sovetskoy Entsiklopedii. p. 30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=KIEV+entsiklopedicheskiy+spravochnik&rft.place=Kiev&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Glavnaya+redaktsia+Ukrainskoy+Sovetskoy+Entsiklopedii&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Kudritskiy&rft.aufirst=A.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-cities.htm">"Cities & Towns of Ukraine"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cities+%26+Towns+of+Ukraine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpop-stat.mashke.org%2Fukraine-cities.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-population_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The most recent <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Census_(2001)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Census (2001)">Ukrainian census</a>, conducted on 5 December 2001, gave the population of Kyiv as 2 611 300 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100820175437/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/regions/reg_mkyiv/">Ukrcensus.gov.ua – Kyiv city</a> Web address accessed on 4 August 2007). Estimates based on the amount of bakery products sold in the city (thus including temporary visitors and commuters) suggest a minimum of 3.5 million. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.korrespondent.net/main/194785">There are up to 1.5 mln undercounted residents in Kiev</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202214728/http://www.korrespondent.net/main/194785">Archived</a> 2 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Korrespondent" title="Korrespondent">Korrespondent</a></i>, 15 June 2005 <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-undercounted_residents_in_Kiev-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-undercounted_residents_in_Kiev_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.korrespondent.net/main/194785">"There are up to 1.5 mln undercounted residents in Kiev"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Korrespondent" title="Korrespondent">Korrespondent</a></i> (in Russian). 15 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202214728/http://www.korrespondent.net/main/194785">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korrespondent&rft.atitle=There+are+up+to+1.5+mln+undercounted+residents+in+Kiev&rft.date=2007-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.korrespondent.net%2Fmain%2F194785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamm1993103-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamm1993103_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamm1993">Hamm 1993</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamm1993103-104-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamm1993103-104_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamm1993">Hamm 1993</a>, p. 103-104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakarykTkacz2010" class="citation book cs1">Makaryk, Irene Rima; Tkacz, Virlana (1 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PWknXDfsY6cC&pg=PA74"><i>Modernism in Kyiv: Kiev/Kyïv/Kiev/Kijów: Jubilant Experimentation</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-4098-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-4098-6"><bdi>978-1-4426-4098-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425002007/https://books.google.com/books?id=PWknXDfsY6cC&pg=PA74">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modernism+in+Kyiv%3A+Kiev%2FKy%C3%AFv%2FKiev%2FKij%C3%B3w%3A+Jubilant+Experimentation&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-4098-6&rft.aulast=Makaryk&rft.aufirst=Irene+Rima&rft.au=Tkacz%2C+Virlana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPWknXDfsY6cC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKubijovyčPavlovskyStebelskyZhukovsky2017" class="citation web cs1">Kubijovyč, Volodymyr; Pavlovsky, Vadym; Stebelsky, Ihor; Zhukovsky, Arkadii (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CY%5CKyiv.htm">"Kyiv"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Ukraine" title="Encyclopedia of Ukraine">Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324190745/http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CY%5CKyiv.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Ukraine&rft.atitle=Kyiv&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Kubijovy%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Volodymyr&rft.au=Pavlovsky%2C+Vadym&rft.au=Stebelsky%2C+Ihor&rft.au=Zhukovsky%2C+Arkadii&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fdisplay.asp%3Flinkpath%3Dpages%255CK%255CY%255CKyiv.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKubijovyčPavlovskyStebelskyZhukovsky" class="citation web cs1">Kubijovyč, Volodymyr; Pavlovsky, Vadym; Stebelsky, Ihor; Zhukovsky, Arkadii. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CY%5CKyiv.htm">"Kyiv"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Ukraine" title="Encyclopedia of Ukraine">Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324190745/http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CY%5CKyiv.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Ukraine&rft.atitle=Kyiv&rft.aulast=Kubijovy%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Volodymyr&rft.au=Pavlovsky%2C+Vadym&rft.au=Stebelsky%2C+Ihor&rft.au=Zhukovsky%2C+Arkadii&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fdisplay.asp%3Flinkpath%3Dpages%255CK%255CY%255CKyiv.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iri1-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iri1_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iri1_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/2015-05-19_ukraine_national_municipal_survey_march_2-20_2015.pdf">"Ukrainian Municipal Survey, March 2–20 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IRI</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019081334/http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/2015-05-19_ukraine_national_municipal_survey_march_2-20_2015.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IRI&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+Municipal+Survey%2C+March+2%E2%80%9320+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iri.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fwysiwyg%2F2015-05-19_ukraine_national_municipal_survey_march_2-20_2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CensusKiev-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CensusKiev_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the official <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Census_(2001)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Census (2001)">2001 census</a> data: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091214013239/http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/nationality/city_kyiv/">"Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 | Результати | Основні підсумки | Національний склад населення | місто Киів"</a> (in Ukrainian). ukrcensus.gov.ua. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/nationality/city_kyiv/">the original</a> on 14 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+2001+%7C+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%7C+%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8+%7C+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%7C+%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%96%D0%B2&rft.pub=ukrcensus.gov.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukrcensus.gov.ua%2Fresults%2Fgeneral%2Fnationality%2Fcity_kyiv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100125152423/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/language/city_kyiv">"Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 | Результати | Основні підсумки | Мовний склад населення | місто Київ"</a> (in Ukrainian). ukrcensus.gov.ua. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/language/city_kyiv">the original</a> on 25 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+2001+%7C+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%7C+%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8+%7C+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%7C+%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2&rft.pub=ukrcensus.gov.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukrcensus.gov.ua%2Fresults%2Fgeneral%2Flanguage%2Fcity_kyiv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZerkaloKiev-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZerkaloKiev_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Kiev: the city, its residents, problems of today, wishes for tomorrow", <i><a href="/wiki/Zerkalo_Nedeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerkalo Nedeli">Zerkalo Nedeli</a></i>, 29 April – 12 May 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zerkalo-nedeli.com/ie/show/596/53322/">in Russian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070217114918/http://www.zerkalo-nedeli.com/ie/show/596/53322/">Archived</a> 17 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zn.kiev.ua/ie/show/596/53322/">in Ukrainian</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070217114918/http://www.zn.kiev.ua/ie/show/596/53322/">Archived</a> 17 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20032/72">"What language is spoken in Ukraine?"</a>. Welcome to Ukraine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011112630/http://www.wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20032%2F72">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+language+is+spoken+in+Ukraine%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wumag.kiev.ua%2Findex2.php%3Fparam%3Dpgs20032%2F72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=533">Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам. г. Киев</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201433/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=533">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Russian).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jewishvirtuallibrary.org-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jewishvirtuallibrary.org_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jewishvirtuallibrary.org_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/kiev">"Kiev"</a>. <i>www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818163132/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0012_0_11117.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft.atitle=Kiev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fkiev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/kiev">"The Jewish Community of Kiev"</a>. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613221401/https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/kiev">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Community+of+Kiev&rft.pub=The+Museum+of+the+Jewish+People+at+Beit+Hatfutsot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdbs.bh.org.il%2Fplace%2Fkiev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070103133722/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005421">"Kiev and Babi Yar"</a>. <i>Holocaust Encyclopedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005421">the original</a> on 3 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kiev+and+Babi+Yar&rft.btitle=Holocaust+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Farticle.php%3Flang%3Den%26ModuleId%3D10005421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutman1990" class="citation book cs1">Gutman, Israel (1990). <i>Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, vol. 1</i>. Macmillan. pp. 133–6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Holocaust%2C+vol.+1&rft.pages=133-6&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Gutman&rft.aufirst=Israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quest-cdecjournal.it/focus.php?id=212">"State-sponsored Anti-Semitism in Postwar USSR. Studies and Research Perspectives; Antonella Salomoni"</a>. Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History / Questioni di storia ebraica contemporanea. 2 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200122164317/http://www.quest-cdecjournal.it/focus.php?id=212">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State-sponsored+Anti-Semitism+in+Postwar+USSR.+Studies+and+Research+Perspectives%3B+Antonella+Salomoni&rft.pub=Quest.+Issues+in+Contemporary+Jewish+History+%2F+Questioni+di+storia+ebraica+contemporanea&rft.date=2010-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quest-cdecjournal.it%2Ffocus.php%3Fid%3D212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFalla_levy" class="citation web cs1">alla levy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130831211002/http://jpeopleworld.com/index.php?dir=site&page=country&subj_cs=4755">"Jewish People Around the World"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpeopleworld.com/index.php?dir=site&page=country&subj_cs=4755">the original</a> on 31 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+People+Around+the+World&rft.au=alla+levy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpeopleworld.com%2Findex.php%3Fdir%3Dsite%26page%3Dcountry%26subj_cs%3D4755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv_104-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv_104-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forgotten_Soviet_Plans_For_Kyiv_104-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/109648/">Forgotten Soviet Plans For Kyiv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204003123/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/109648/">Archived</a> 4 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (28 July 2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.workpermit.com/news/2005_08_10/europe/ukraine.htm">Workpermit.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091230163628/http://www.workpermit.com/news/2005_08_10/europe/ukraine.htm">Archived</a> 30 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 30 July 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kiev.info/shopping/andrey_sp.htm"><i>Kiev.info</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627025919/http://www.kiev.info/shopping/andrey_sp.htm">Archived</a> 27 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Newspaper&rft.atitle=Unesco+adds+sites+in+Kyiv+and+Lviv+to+list+of+world+heritage+in+danger&rft.date=2023-09-15&rft.aulast=Goukassian&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartnewspaper.com%2F2023%2F09%2F15%2Funesco-adds-kyiv-lviv-sites-world-heritage-danger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnwer2023" class="citation web cs1">Anwer, Baraa (15 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ukraine-russia-un-heritage-war-54620f9e495fe50349cc568c8347ab87">"UNESCO puts 2 locations in war-ravaged Ukraine on its list of historic sites in danger"</a>. <i>Associated Press News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231019054501/https://apnews.com/article/ukraine-russia-un-heritage-war-54620f9e495fe50349cc568c8347ab87">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=UNESCO+puts+2+locations+in+war-ravaged+Ukraine+on+its+list+of+historic+sites+in+danger&rft.date=2023-09-15&rft.aulast=Anwer&rft.aufirst=Baraa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fukraine-russia-un-heritage-war-54620f9e495fe50349cc568c8347ab87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/158/">"World Heritage in Danger"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Convention</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705132146/https://whc.unesco.org/en/158/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hotels-Kiev.com&rft.atitle=Andreyevskiy+Spusk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotels-kiev.com%2Fandreevsky_spusk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312052631/http://guide.kyiv.ru/ru/city/streets/2005/10/20/107.html">"Andreevsky spusk"</a>. <i>Kyiv Guide</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guide.kyiv.ru/ru/city/streets/2005/10/20/107.html">the original</a> on 12 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Guide&rft.atitle=Andreevsky+spusk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fguide.kyiv.ru%2Fru%2Fcity%2Fstreets%2F2005%2F10%2F20%2F107.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBCAP-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBCAP_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/kiev-zoo-a-concentration-camp-for-animals-1.1106751">"Kiev zoo a 'concentration camp for animals'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>CBC news</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+news&rft.atitle=Kiev+zoo+a+%27concentration+camp+for+animals%27&rft.date=2011-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fkiev-zoo-a-concentration-camp-for-animals-1.1106751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CULKSO-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CULKSO_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CULKSO_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=534">"Culture and Arts"</a> (in Ukrainian). Kyiv Statistics Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201085912/http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=534">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Arts&rft.pub=Kyiv+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua%2Fp.php3%3Fc%3D534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trophy-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trophy_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fcdynamo.kiev.ua/en/trophy">Trophies of Dynamo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111018191534/http://www.fcdynamo.kiev.ua/en/trophy">Archived</a> 18 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Official website of Dynamo Kyiv</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YanuBOO-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YanuBOO_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111022164516/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/city/detail/114397/">"Kyiv opens host stadium for Euro 2012 final"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a></i>. 9 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/city/detail/114397/">the original</a> on 22 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Kyiv+opens+host+stadium+for+Euro+2012+final&rft.date=2011-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcity%2Fdetail%2F114397%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2007/tyr/tyr_u/potoki2006_u.htm">"Туристичні потоки"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.pub=Ukrstat.gov.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrstat.gov.ua%2Foperativ%2Foperativ2007%2Ftyr%2Ftyr_u%2Fpotoki2006_u.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-touristsstat-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-touristsstat_119-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-touristsstat_119-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=538">"Головне управління статистики м.Києва – Туристичні потоки"</a>. kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201014231723/http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=538">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BC.%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.pub=kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua%2Fp.php3%3Fc%3D538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/kyiv/10240080-number-of-foreign-tourists-in-kyiv-growing-city-official.html">"Number of foreign tourists in Kyiv growing"</a>. <i>www.unian.info</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030063845/https://www.unian.info/kyiv/10240080-number-of-foreign-tourists-in-kyiv-growing-city-official.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unian.info&rft.atitle=Number+of+foreign+tourists+in+Kyiv+growing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.info%2Fkyiv%2F10240080-number-of-foreign-tourists-in-kyiv-growing-city-official.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anthem-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anthem_121-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anthem_121-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyiv.pravda.com.ua/news/5464ecc6c3e17/">The Kyiv council approved the Kyiv city anthem (Київрада затвердила гімн Києва)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203233229/http://kyiv.pravda.com.ua/news/5464ecc6c3e17/">Archived</a> 3 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a>. 13 November 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7253616chestnutKyivD-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-7253616chestnutKyivD_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-7253616chestnutKyivD_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2020/05/29/7253616/">"Thujoy Khreshchatyk". Why Kyivans miss chestnuts and how they became a symbol of the capital</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200605155457/https://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2020/05/29/7253616/">Archived</a> 5 June 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (29 May 2019) <span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVilenchukMashkova2010" class="citation book cs1">Vilenchuk, R. G.; Mashkova, L. O., eds. (2010). <i>Kyiv Statistical Yearbook for 2009</i>. Kyiv: Vydavnytstvo Konsultant LLC. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-966-8459-28-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-966-8459-28-3"><bdi>978-966-8459-28-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kyiv+Statistical+Yearbook+for+2009&rft.place=Kyiv&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Vydavnytstvo+Konsultant+LLC&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-966-8459-28-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDPKSO-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GDPKSO_124-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDPKSO_124-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDPKSO_124-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDPKSO_124-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDPKSO_124-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=425">"Gross Regional Product"</a> (in Ukrainian). Kyiv Statistics Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201074952/http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=425">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gross+Regional+Product&rft.pub=Kyiv+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua%2Fp.php3%3Fc%3D425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDPSSC-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GDPSSC_125-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDPSSC_125-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/">"Gross Domestic Product"</a> (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Committee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130123112523/http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gross+Domestic+Product&rft.pub=State+Statistics+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrstat.gov.ua%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JOBKSO-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JOBKSO_126-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JOBKSO_126-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=512">"Labour Market"</a> (in Ukrainian). Kyiv Statistics Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201014011658/http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=512">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Labour+Market&rft.pub=Kyiv+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua%2Fp.php3%3Fc%3D512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JOBSSC-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JOBSSC_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/">"Labour Market"</a> (in Ukrainian). Kyiv Statistics Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130123112523/http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Labour+Market&rft.pub=Kyiv+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrstat.gov.ua%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uteka.ua/calculator/salary-calculator">"Калькулятор зарплаты"</a>. <i>uteka.ua</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200303072156/https://uteka.ua/calculator/salary-calculator">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uteka.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futeka.ua%2Fcalculator%2Fsalary-calculator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://index.minfin.com.ua/labour/salary/average/">"Средняя зарплата в Украине [2019] ᐈ Средняя зарплата в Киеве и регионах"</a>. <i>index.minfin.com.ua</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220210214021/https://index.minfin.com.ua/labour/salary/average/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=index.minfin.com.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5+%5B2019%5D+%E1%90%88+%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findex.minfin.com.ua%2Flabour%2Fsalary%2Faverage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=21347&From=UAH&To=EUR">"Convert 21,347 Ukrainian Hryvnia to Euro – UAH to EUR Exchange Rates | Xe"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225083618/https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=26759&From=UAH&To=EUR">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Convert+21%2C347+Ukrainian+Hryvnia+to+Euro+%E2%80%93+UAH+to+EUR+Exchange+Rates+%26%23124%3B+Xe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xe.com%2Fcurrencyconverter%2Fconvert%2F%3FAmount%3D21347%26From%3DUAH%26To%3DEUR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RSKSO-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RSKSO_131-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RSKSO_131-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RSKSO_131-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=1081">"Retail Sales"</a> (in Ukrainian). Kyiv Statistics Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201081022/http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=1081">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Retail+Sales&rft.pub=Kyiv+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua%2Fp.php3%3Fc%3D1081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RSSSC-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RSSSC_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/">"Retail Sales"</a> (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Committee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130123112523/http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Retail+Sales&rft.pub=State+Statistics+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrstat.gov.ua%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CWKSO-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CWKSO_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=1000">"Construction Works"</a> (in Ukrainian). Kyiv Statistics Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201013125636/http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=1000">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Construction+Works&rft.pub=Kyiv+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua%2Fp.php3%3Fc%3D1000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CWSSC-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CWSSC_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/">"Construction Works"</a> (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Committee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130123112523/http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Construction+Works&rft.pub=State+Statistics+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrstat.gov.ua%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Europe/Ukraine/square-meter-prices">"Square Metre Prices in Ukraine"</a>. Global Property Guide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723085532/http://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Europe/Ukraine/square-meter-prices">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Square+Metre+Prices+in+Ukraine&rft.pub=Global+Property+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpropertyguide.com%2FEurope%2FUkraine%2Fsquare-meter-prices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantarovich2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Santarovich, Andrey (27 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bin.ua/news/regional/capital/115757-strategiya-razvitiya-kieva-predpolagaet.html">"Kyiv Development Strategy Calls for EUR82 billion in foreign investment"</a> (in Russian). Business Information Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319093137/http://bin.ua/news/regional/capital/115757-strategiya-razvitiya-kieva-predpolagaet.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kyiv+Development+Strategy+Calls+for+EUR82+billion+in+foreign+investment&rft.pub=Business+Information+Network&rft.date=2011-05-27&rft.aulast=Santarovich&rft.aufirst=Andrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbin.ua%2Fnews%2Fregional%2Fcapital%2F115757-strategiya-razvitiya-kieva-predpolagaet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SBNBU-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SBNBU_137-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SBNBU_137-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SBNBU_137-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SBNBU_137-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bank.gov.ua/files/stat.pdf">"Statistical Bulletin (May 2012)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Ukrainian). National Bank of Ukraine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120708204014/http://www.bank.gov.ua/files/stat.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Bulletin+%28May+2012%29&rft.pub=National+Bank+of+Ukraine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bank.gov.ua%2Ffiles%2Fstat.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AWKSO-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AWKSO_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=505">"Average Monthly Wage Dynamics"</a> (in Ukrainian). Kyiv Statistics Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201082108/http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=505">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Average+Monthly+Wage+Dynamics&rft.pub=Kyiv+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua%2Fp.php3%3Fc%3D505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LMKSO-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LMKSO_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=512">"Labour Market Indicators"</a> (in Ukrainian). Kyiv Statistics Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201014011658/http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=512">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Labour+Market+Indicators&rft.pub=Kyiv+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua%2Fp.php3%3Fc%3D512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDIKSO-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDIKSO_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=477">"Foreign Direct Investment"</a> (in Ukrainian). Kyiv Statistics Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201083649/http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=477">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Direct+Investment&rft.pub=Kyiv+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua%2Fp.php3%3Fc%3D477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPKSO-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IPKSO_141-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=1002">"Industrial Production by Economic Activity"</a> (in Ukrainian). Kyiv Statistics Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201014033130/http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=1002">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Industrial+Production+by+Economic+Activity&rft.pub=Kyiv+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua%2Fp.php3%3Fc%3D1002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kfund.ua/en/unit-factory-a-key-element-of-the-future-innovation-park-opened-in-kyiv/">"UNIT Factory, a key element of the future innovation park, opened in Kyiv"</a>. <i>kfund.ua</i>. 16 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803065209/http://kfund.ua/en/unit-factory-a-key-element-of-the-future-innovation-park-opened-in-kyiv/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kfund.ua&rft.atitle=UNIT+Factory%2C+a+key+element+of+the+future+innovation+park%2C+opened+in+Kyiv&rft.date=2016-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkfund.ua%2Fen%2Funit-factory-a-key-element-of-the-future-innovation-park-opened-in-kyiv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univ.kiev.ua/">Kyiv University official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910185903/http://www.univ.kiev.ua/">Archived</a> 10 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 28 July 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kpi.ua/">KPI official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190513004654/https://kpi.ua/">Archived</a> 13 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukma.edu.ua/eng/">"National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201163008/https://www.ukma.edu.ua/eng/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+University+of+Kyiv-Mohyla+Academy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukma.edu.ua%2Feng%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osvita.org.ua/highedu/?cmd=search&HS%5breg%5d=2&HS%5bp_i%5d=5&HS%5bbutton%5d=go">Osvita.org URL accessed on 20 June 2006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130085833/http://www.osvita.org.ua/highedu/?cmd=search&HS%5breg%5d=2&HS%5bp_i%5d=5&HS%5bbutton%5d=go">Archived</a> 30 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVilenchukYatsuk2009" class="citation book cs1">Vilenchuk, S. R.; Yatsuk, T.B., eds. (2009). <i>Kyiv Statistical Yearbook for 2008</i>. Kyiv: Vydavnytstvo Konsultant LLC. p. 283. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-966-8459-28-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-966-8459-28-3"><bdi>978-966-8459-28-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kyiv+Statistical+Yearbook+for+2008&rft.place=Kyiv&rft.pages=283&rft.pub=Vydavnytstvo+Konsultant+LLC&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-966-8459-28-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100330162634/http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/eng/">"The Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine"</a>. Nbuv.gov.ua. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/eng/">the original</a> on 30 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Vernadsky+National+Library+of+Ukraine&rft.pub=Nbuv.gov.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbuv.gov.ua%2Feng%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mow-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mow_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080623175517/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D23132%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html">"Collection of Jewish Musical Folklore (1912–1947)"</a>. UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. 16 May 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=23132&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html">the original</a> on 23 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collection+of+Jewish+Musical+Folklore+%281912%E2%80%931947%29&rft.pub=UNESCO+Memory+of+the+World+Programme&rft.date=2008-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.unesco.org%2Fci%2Fen%2Fev.php-URL_ID%3D23132%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-update-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-update_150-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=2257">"Головне управління статистики м.Києва – Пасажирські перевезення АРХІВ 2011 року"</a>. <i>kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201091103/http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=2257">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BC.%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A5%D0%86%D0%92+2011+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua%2Fp.php3%3Fc%3D2257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a 2004 plan of the Kyiv tram, please see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mashke.org/kievtram/history/schemes/2004/2004-tram.jpg">mashke.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194057/http://www.mashke.org/kievtram/history/schemes/2004/2004-tram.jpg">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fakty.ua/140163-masshtabnoe-stroitelstvo">"Азаров дал добро на строительство кольцевой дороги вокруг Киева – Газета "ФАКТЫ и комментарии"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Fakty.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019081338/http://fakty.ua/140163-masshtabnoe-stroitelstvo">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%22%D0%A4%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A2%D0%AB+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%22&rft.pub=Fakty.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffakty.ua%2F140163-masshtabnoe-stroitelstvo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.segodnya.ua/news/251194.html">"Вторая кольцевая дорога вокруг Киева обойдется в $5-5,5 млрд. – Последние новости Киева – Однако в направлении окружной дороги уже вся земля выкуплена | СЕГОДНЯ"</a>. Segodnya.ua. 27 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201005113158/https://kiev.segodnya.ua/kiev/kpower/vtoraja-koltsevaja-doroha-vokruh-kieva-obojdetcja-v-5-5-5-mlrd-59823.html/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%245-5%2C5+%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%80%D0%B4.+%E2%80%93+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%26%23124%3B+%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%AF&rft.pub=Segodnya.ua&rft.date=2007-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.segodnya.ua%2Fnews%2F251194.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://korrespondent.net/kyiv/1259650-azarov-prognoziruet-nachalo-stroitelstva-vtoroj-kolcevoj-dorogi-vokrug-kieva-v-2012-godu">"Азаров прогнозирует начало строительства второй кольцевой дороги вокруг Киева в 2012 году | Новости Киева"</a>. Korrespondent.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019092254/http://korrespondent.net/kyiv/1259650-azarov-prognoziruet-nachalo-stroitelstva-vtoroj-kolcevoj-dorogi-vokrug-kieva-v-2012-godu">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B2+2012+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83+%26%23124%3B+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=Korrespondent.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkorrespondent.net%2Fkyiv%2F1259650-azarov-prognoziruet-nachalo-stroitelstva-vtoroj-kolcevoj-dorogi-vokrug-kieva-v-2012-godu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/203506.html">Kyiv Administration: Roads Are In Poor Technical State Because They Have Reached End Of Their Service Lives And Annual Maintenance Volume Is Low</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090616154750/http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/203506.html">Archived</a> 16 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_News_Agency" title="Ukrainian News Agency">Ukrainian News Agency</a> (12 June 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archunion.com.ua/proekt-new-006.shtml">Archunion.com.ua</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206120010/http://www.archunion.com.ua/proekt-new-006.shtml">Archived</a> 6 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 20 June 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425083357/http://ua.rian.ru/economy/20111004/78875513.html">"Азаров запустил в Киеве городскую электричку | Экономика | РИА Новости – Украина"</a>. Ua.rian.ru. 13 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ua.rian.ru/economy/20111004/78875513.html">the original</a> on 25 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%83+%26%23124%3B+%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%26%23124%3B+%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%E2%80%93+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.pub=Ua.rian.ru&rft.date=2012-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fua.rian.ru%2Feconomy%2F20111004%2F78875513.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kyivcityexpress.uz.gov.ua/map.html">"Мапа сполучень"</a>. <i>Kyiv City Express</i> (in Ukrainian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604142404/https://kyivcityexpress.uz.gov.ua/map.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+City+Express&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkyivcityexpress.uz.gov.ua%2Fmap.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303172217/https://www.dtek-kem.com.ua/ua/about">"Наша компанія ДТЕК Київські електромереж"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dtek-kem.com.ua/ua/about">the original</a> on 3 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F+%D0%94%D0%A2%D0%95%D0%9A+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96+%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dtek-kem.com.ua%2Fua%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/ua-ko/brd/m_20839/down.do?brd_id=20145&seq=101&data_tp=A&file_seq=3">"Ukraine electricity generation: Investment opportunities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(South_Korea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (South Korea)">South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>. 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314023540/https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/ua-ko/brd/m_20839/down.do?brd_id=20145&seq=101&data_tp=A&file_seq=3">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine+electricity+generation%3A+Investment+opportunities&rft.pub=South+Korean+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foverseas.mofa.go.kr%2Fua-ko%2Fbrd%2Fm_20839%2Fdown.do%3Fbrd_id%3D20145%26seq%3D101%26data_tp%3DA%26file_seq%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_World_Bank" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/The_World_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Bank">The World Bank</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.danubis.org/eng/country-notes/ukraine/">"SOS DANUBIS.org – Ukraine"</a>. International Association of Water Supply Companies in the Danube River Catchment Area. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220051258/https://sos.danubis.org/eng/country-notes/ukraine/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SOS+DANUBIS.org+%E2%80%93+Ukraine&rft.pub=International+Association+of+Water+Supply+Companies+in+the+Danube+River+Catchment+Area&rft.au=The+World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsos.danubis.org%2Feng%2Fcountry-notes%2Fukraine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kyivcity.gov.ua/files/2018/2/15/Mista-pobratymy.pdf">"Перелік міст, з якими Києвом підписані документи про поріднення, дружбу, співробітництво, партнерство"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>kyivcity.gov.ua</i> (in Ukrainian). Kyiv. 15 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210826063927/https://kyivcity.gov.ua/files/2018/2/15/Mista-pobratymy.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kyivcity.gov.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA+%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%2C+%D0%B7+%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F%2C+%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D1%83%2C+%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%2C+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.date=2018-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkyivcity.gov.ua%2Ffiles%2F2018%2F2%2F15%2FMista-pobratymy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.berlin.de/aktuelles/8445429-958090-neue-staedtepartnerschaft-mit-kyiv-vital.html">"Neue Städtepartnerschaft mit Kyiv: Vitali Klitschko in Berlin"</a>. <i>berlin.de</i> (in German). 11 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002071409/https://www.berlin.de/aktuelles/8445429-958090-neue-staedtepartnerschaft-mit-kyiv-vital.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=berlin.de&rft.atitle=Neue+St%C3%A4dtepartnerschaft+mit+Kyiv%3A+Vitali+Klitschko+in+Berlin&rft.date=2023-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berlin.de%2Faktuelles%2F8445429-958090-neue-staedtepartnerschaft-mit-kyiv-vital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediafax.ro/social/nicusor-dan-am-hotarat-sa-aprobam-infratirea-dintre-bucuresti-si-kiev-20598398">"Nicuşor Dan: Am hotărât să aprobăm înfrăţirea dintre Bucureşti şi Kiev"</a>. <i>mediafax.ro</i> (in Romanian). Mediafax. 7 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305222842/https://www.mediafax.ro/social/nicusor-dan-am-hotarat-sa-aprobam-infratirea-dintre-bucuresti-si-kiev-20598398">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mediafax.ro&rft.atitle=Nicu%C5%9For+Dan%3A+Am+hot%C4%83r%C3%A2t+s%C4%83+aprob%C4%83m+%C3%AEnfr%C4%83%C5%A3irea+dintre+Bucure%C5%9Fti+%C5%9Fi+Kiev&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediafax.ro%2Fsocial%2Fnicusor-dan-am-hotarat-sa-aprobam-infratirea-dintre-bucuresti-si-kiev-20598398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJournalist" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Journalist, Magnus Ankerstjerne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tv2kosmopol.dk/koebenhavn/koebenhavn-vedtager-venskabsaftale-med-kyiv">"København vedtager venskabsaftale med Kyiv"</a>. <i>TV 2 Kosmopol</i> (in Danish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329221024/https://www.tv2kosmopol.dk/koebenhavn/koebenhavn-vedtager-venskabsaftale-med-kyiv">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+2+Kosmopol&rft.atitle=K%C3%B8benhavn+vedtager+venskabsaftale+med+Kyiv&rft.aulast=Journalist&rft.aufirst=Magnus+Ankerstjerne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tv2kosmopol.dk%2Fkoebenhavn%2Fkoebenhavn-vedtager-venskabsaftale-med-kyiv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeazley1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Raymond_Beazley" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Raymond Beazley">Beazley, Charles Raymond</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Daniel of Kiev"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Daniel_of_Kiev">"Daniel of Kiev" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). p. 808.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Daniel+of+Kiev&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=808&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Beazley&rft.aufirst=Charles+Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.animator.ru/db/?ver=eng&p=show_person&pid=1475">"Marchenkova, Natalya"</a>. <i>animator.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612144838/https://www.animator.ru/db/?ver=eng&p=show_person&pid=1475">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=animator.ru&rft.atitle=Marchenkova%2C+Natalya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.animator.ru%2Fdb%2F%3Fver%3Deng%26p%3Dshow_person%26pid%3D1475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mogila, Peter"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mogila,_Peter">"Mogila, Peter" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 646.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mogila%2C+Peter&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=646&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBain1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet_Bain" title="Robert Nisbet Bain">Bain, Robert Nisbet</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Prokopovich, Theofan"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Prokopovich,_Theofan">"Prokopovich, Theofan" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). p. 434.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Prokopovich%2C+Theofan&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=434&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Bain&rft.aufirst=Robert+Nisbet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBain1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet_Bain" title="Robert Nisbet Bain">Bain, Robert Nisbet</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Oleg"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Oleg">"Oleg" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). pp. 76–77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oleg&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=76-77&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Bain&rft.aufirst=Robert+Nisbet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Olga"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Olga">"Olga" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Olga&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=80&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBain1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet_Bain" title="Robert Nisbet Bain">Bain, Robert Nisbet</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vladimir, St"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Vladimir,_St">"Vladimir, St" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). p. 168.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vladimir%2C+St&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=168&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Bain&rft.aufirst=Robert+Nisbet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=140157">Kyiv Peninsula.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210710084857/https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=140157">Archived</a> 10 July 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Brutzkus" title="Julius Brutzkus">Brutzkus, J</a>. "The Khazar Origin of Ancient Kiev". Slavonic and East European Review. American Series, vol. 3, no. 1, 1944, pp. 108–124. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3020228">JSTOR</a>. Accessed 16 June 2020.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kiev (government)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kiev_(government)">"Kiev (government)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 788–789.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kiev+%28government%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=788-789&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamm1993" class="citation book cs1">Hamm, Michael F. (1993). <i>Kiev. A portrait, 1800–1917</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kiev.+A+portrait%2C+1800%E2%80%931917&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Hamm&rft.aufirst=Michael+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch</a>; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kiev (city)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kiev_(city)">"Kiev (city)" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 789–790.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kiev+%28city%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=789-790&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Kropotkin&rft.aufirst=Peter+Alexeivitch&rft.au=Bealby%2C+John+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyiv" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Kyiv</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="c:Київ">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Kyiv" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Kyiv">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kyiv" class="extiw" title="voy:Kyiv">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899" class="extiw" title="d:Q1899">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kyivcity.gov.ua/">Київська міська державна адміністрація</a> – official web portal of the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_City_State_Administration" title="Kyiv City State Administration">Kyiv City State Administration</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/Kyiv">Kyiv</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899#P2002" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116183554/https://visitkyiv.travel/en/">Kyiv—Official Tourist Guide</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest Hosts</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2005" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2005">2005</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2006" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2006">2006</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2016" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2016">2016</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest Hosts</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2017" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2017">2017</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2018">2018</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Dniprovskyi_District,_Kyiv" title="Dniprovskyi District, Kyiv">Dniprovskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holosiivskyi_District" title="Holosiivskyi District">Holosiivskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obolonskyi_District" title="Obolonskyi District">Obolonskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecherskyi_District" title="Pecherskyi District">Pecherskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podilskyi_District" title="Podilskyi District">Podilskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shevchenkivskyi_District,_Kyiv" title="Shevchenkivskyi District, Kyiv">Shevchenkivskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomianskyi_District" title="Solomianskyi District">Solomianskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sviatoshynskyi_District" title="Sviatoshynskyi District">Sviatoshynskyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Kyiv#Historical_neighborhoods" title="Subdivisions of Kyiv"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Historical neighborhoods of Kyiv">Neighborhoods</span></a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Historical right-bank neighborhoods">Right-bank</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademmistechko_(Kyiv)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademmistechko (Kyiv) (page does not exist)">Akademmistechko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askold%27s_Grave" title="Askold's Grave">Askold's Grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uhorske_Urochyshche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uhorske Urochyshche (page does not exist)">Uhorske Urochyshche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aviamistechko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aviamistechko (page does not exist)">Aviamistechko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babi_Yar" title="Babi Yar">Babi Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batyieva_Hora" title="Batyieva Hora">Batyieva Hora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkovets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkovets (page does not exist)">Berkovets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sviatoshyn_Raion" class="mw-redirect" title="Sviatoshyn Raion">Bilychi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borshchahivka" title="Borshchahivka">Borshchahivka</a> <ul><li>Bratska</li> <li>Mykhailivska</li> <li>Mykilska</li> <li>Southern</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherepanova_Hora" title="Cherepanova Hora">Cherepanova Hora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chokolivka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chokolivka (page does not exist)">Chokolivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chorna_Hora,_Kyiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chorna Hora, Kyiv (page does not exist)">Chorna Hora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demiivka" title="Demiivka">Demiivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feofaniia" title="Feofaniia">Feofaniia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galagany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galagany (page does not exist)">Galagany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holosiiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Holosiiv">Holosiiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karavaievi_Dachi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karavaievi Dachi (page does not exist)">Karavaievi Dachi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khresty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khresty (page does not exist)">Khresty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koncha-Zaspa" title="Koncha-Zaspa">Koncha-Zaspa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korchuvate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korchuvate (page does not exist)">Korchuvate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudriavets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kudriavets (page does not exist)">Kudriavets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurenivka" title="Kurenivka">Kurenivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kytaiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kytaiv (page does not exist)">Kytaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukianivka_(neighborhood)" title="Lukianivka (neighborhood)">Lukianivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lypky" title="Lypky">Lypky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysa_Hora_(Kyiv)" title="Lysa Hora (Kyiv)">Lysa Hora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minskyi_Masyv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minskyi Masyv (page does not exist)">Minskyi Masyv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mostytskyi_Masyv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mostytskyi Masyv (page does not exist)">Mostytskyi Masyv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mysholovka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mysholovka (page does not exist)">Mysholovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Zabudova" title="Nova Zabudova">Nova Zabudova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novobilychi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novobilychi (page does not exist)">Novobilychi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyvky" title="Nyvky">Nyvky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obolonskyi_District" title="Obolonskyi District">Obolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Kyiv" title="Old Kyiv">Old Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleksandrivska_Slobidka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oleksandrivska Slobidka (page does not exist)">Oleksandrivska Slobidka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pankivshchyna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pankivshchyna (page does not exist)">Pankivshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pechersk,_Kyiv" title="Pechersk, Kyiv">Pechersk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berestove" title="Berestove">Berestove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klov" title="Klov">Klov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasylkivska_Rohatka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasylkivska Rohatka (page does not exist)">Vasylkivska Rohatka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pershotravnevyi_Masyv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pershotravnevyi Masyv (page does not exist)">Pershotravnevyi Masyv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrivka,_Kyiv" title="Petrivka, Kyiv">Petrivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrohiv" title="Pyrohiv">Pyrohiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podil" title="Podil">Podil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priorka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priorka (page does not exist)">Priorka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushcha-Vodytsia" title="Pushcha-Vodytsia">Pushcha-Vodytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubezhivka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubezhivka (page does not exist)">Rubezhivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rybalskyi_Peninsula" title="Rybalskyi Peninsula">Rybalskyi Ostriv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuliavka" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuliavka">Shuliavka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shyrma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shyrma (page does not exist)">Shyrma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soldatska_Slobidka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soldatska Slobidka (page does not exist)">Soldatska Slobidka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomianka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomianka (page does not exist)">Solomianka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sovky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sovky (page does not exist)">Sovky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sviatoshyn" title="Sviatoshyn">Sviatoshyn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synioozernyi_Masyv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synioozernyi Masyv (page does not exist)">Synioozernyi Masyv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrets (page does not exist)">Syrets</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatarka,_Kyiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatarka, Kyiv (page does not exist)">Tatarka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telychka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telychka (page does not exist)">Telychka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teremky" title="Teremky">Teremky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidradnyi" title="Vidradnyi">Vidradnyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vita-Lytovska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vita-Lytovska (page does not exist)">Vita-Lytovska</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitriani_Hory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitriani Hory (page does not exist)">Vitriani Hory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vozdvyzhenka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vozdvyzhenka (page does not exist)">Vozdvyzhenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vydubychi" title="Vydubychi">Vydubychi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vynohradar" title="Vynohradar">Vynohradar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyshhorodskyi_Masyv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vyshhorodskyi Masyv (page does not exist)">Vyshhorodskyi Masyv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yevbaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yevbaz (page does not exist)">Yevbaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikove_Cemetery" title="Baikove Cemetery">Zabaikivia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaliznychnyi_Masyv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaliznychnyi Masyv (page does not exist)">Zaliznychnyi Masyv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamkova_Hora_(Kyiv)" title="Zamkova Hora (Kyiv)">Zamkova Hora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuliany" title="Zhuliany">Zhuliany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvirynets" title="Zvirynets">Zvirynets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Islands of Kyiv">Islands</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dykyi_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dykyi Island (page does not exist)">Dykyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydropark_in_Kyiv" title="Hydropark in Kyiv">Hidropark</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venetsiiskyi_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venetsiiskyi Island (page does not exist)">Venetsiiskyi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolobetskyi_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolobetskyi Island (page does not exist)">Dolobetskyi</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kozatskyi_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kozatskyi Island (page does not exist)">Kozatskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lopukhovatyi_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lopukhovatyi Island (page does not exist)">Lopukhovatyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muromets_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muromets Island (page does not exist)">Muromets</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olzhyn_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olzhyn Island (page does not exist)">Olzhyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusanivka" title="Rusanivka">Rusanivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trukhaniv_Island" title="Trukhaniv Island">Trukhaniv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velykyi_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velykyi Island (page does not exist)">Velykyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vodnykiv_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vodnykiv Island (page does not exist)">Vodnykiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhukiv_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhukiv Island (page does not exist)">Zhukiv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Historical left-bank neighborhoods">Left-bank</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berezniaky" title="Berezniaky">Berezniaky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortnychi" title="Bortnychi">Bortnychi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bykivnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bykivnia">Bykivnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervonyi_Khutir" title="Chervonyi Khutir">Chervonyi Khutir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnytsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Darnytsia">Darnytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DVRZ_(neighborhood)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DVRZ (neighborhood) (page does not exist)">DVRZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkivskyi_Masyv" title="Kharkivskyi Masyv">Kharkivskyi Masyv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulykove&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kulykove (page does not exist)">Kulykove</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kybalchych&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kybalchych (page does not exist)">Kybalchych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisovyi_Masyv" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisovyi Masyv">Lisovyi Masyv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livoberezhnyi_Masyv" title="Livoberezhnyi Masyv">Livoberezhnyi Masyv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykilska_Slobidka" title="Mykilska Slobidka">Mykilska Slobidka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osokorky" title="Osokorky">Osokorky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pivnichno-Brovarskyi_Masyv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pivnichno-Brovarskyi Masyv (page does not exist)">Pivnichno-Brovarskyi Masyv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozniaky" title="Pozniaky">Pozniaky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raiduzhnyi_Masyv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raiduzhnyi Masyv (page does not exist)">Raiduzhnyi Masyv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rembaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rembaza (page does not exist)">Rembaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusanivka" title="Rusanivka">Rusanivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rusanivski_Sady&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rusanivski Sady (page does not exist)">Rusanivski Sady</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sotsmisto,_Kyiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sotsmisto, Kyiv (page does not exist)">Sotsmisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troieshchyna" title="Troieshchyna">Troieshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskresenka_(Kyiv)" title="Voskresenka (Kyiv)">Voskresenka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voskresenski_Sady&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voskresenski Sady (page does not exist)">Voskresenski Sady</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyhurivshchyna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vyhurivshchyna (page does not exist)">Vyhurivshchyna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup>Unofficial designation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Urban_districts_of_Kyiv" title="Category:Urban districts of Kyiv">Category:Urban districts of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neighborhoods_in_Kyiv" title="Category:Neighborhoods in Kyiv">Category:Neighborhoods in Kyiv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_Related_to_Kyiv" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_Related_to_Kyiv" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles Related to Kyiv</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Seven_Wonders_of_Ukraine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seven_Wonders_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Seven Wonders of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seven_Wonders_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Seven Wonders of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seven_Wonders_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seven Wonders of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Seven_Wonders_of_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_Ukraine" title="Seven Wonders of Ukraine">Seven Wonders of</a> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_Ukraine" title="Seven Wonders of Ukraine">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sofiyivka_Park" title="Sofiyivka Park">Sofiyivka Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra" title="Kyiv Pechersk Lavra">Kyiv Pechersk Lavra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamianets-Podilskyi_Castle" title="Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle">Kamianets-Podilskyi Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khortytsia" title="Khortytsia">Khortytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chersonesus" title="Chersonesus">Chersonesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral,_Kyiv" title="Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv">Saint Sophia Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotyn_Fortress" title="Khotyn Fortress">Khotyn Fortress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Natural_Wonders_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine">Natural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Askania-Nova" title="Askania-Nova">Askania-Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite-steppe_lands_of_Buh" title="Granite-steppe lands of Buh">Granite-steppe lands of Buh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dniester_Canyon" title="Dniester Canyon">Dniester Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Cave_(Crimea)" title="Marble Cave (Crimea)">Marble Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podilski_Tovtry_National_Nature_Park" title="Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park">Podilski Tovtry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatsk_National_Natural_Park" title="Shatsk National Natural Park">Shatsk National Natural Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synevyr" title="Synevyr">Lake Synevyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Wondrous_Castles_and_Palaces_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Wondrous Castles and Palaces of Ukraine">Architectural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lubart%27s_Castle" title="Lubart's Castle">Lutsk Upper Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamianets-Podilskyi_Castle" title="Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle">Kamianets-Podilskyi Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi_fortress" title="Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi fortress">Akkerman Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residence_of_Bukovinian_and_Dalmatian_Metropolitans" title="Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans">Metropolitan Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotyn_Fortress" title="Khotyn Fortress">Khotyn Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachanivka" title="Kachanivka">Kachanivka Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorontsov_Palace_(Alupka)" title="Vorontsov Palace (Alupka)">Vorontsov Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyiv</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Church,_Kyiv" title="St Andrew's Church, Kyiv">St Andrew's Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andriivskyi_Descent" title="Andriivskyi Descent">and descent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_with_Chimaeras" title="House with Chimaeras">House with Chimaeras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vydubychi_Monastery" title="Vydubychi Monastery">Vydubychi Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral" title="St Volodymyr's Cathedral">St Volodymyr's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Kyiv-Mohyla_Academy" title="National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy">Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (Old Podil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra" title="Kyiv Pechersk Lavra">Kyiv Pechersk Lavra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral,_Kyiv" title="Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv">Saint Sophia Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">Administrative divisions of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyiv</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Ukraine" title="Oblasts of Ukraine">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherkasy_Oblast" title="Cherkasy Oblast">Cherkasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv_Oblast" title="Chernihiv Oblast">Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi_Oblast" title="Chernivtsi Oblast">Chernivtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast" title="Dnipropetrovsk Oblast">Dnipropetrovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast" title="Donetsk Oblast">Donetsk</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_Oblast" title="Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast">Ivano-Frankivsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_Oblast" title="Kherson Oblast">Kherson</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi_Oblast" title="Khmelnytskyi Oblast">Khmelnytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirovohrad_Oblast" title="Kirovohrad Oblast">Kirovohrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Oblast" title="Kyiv Oblast">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast" title="Luhansk Oblast">Luhansk</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_Oblast" title="Lviv Oblast">Lviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_Oblast" title="Mykolaiv Oblast">Mykolaiv</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa_Oblast" title="Odesa Oblast">Odesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltava_Oblast" title="Poltava Oblast">Poltava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivne_Oblast" title="Rivne Oblast">Rivne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumy_Oblast" title="Sumy Oblast">Sumy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternopil_Oblast" title="Ternopil Oblast">Ternopil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia_Oblast" title="Vinnytsia Oblast">Vinnytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volyn_Oblast" title="Volyn Oblast">Volyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakarpattia_Oblast" title="Zakarpattia Oblast">Zakarpattia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporizhzhia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr_Oblast" title="Zhytomyr Oblast">Zhytomyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_with_special_status" title="City with special status">Cities with special status</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_republics_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous republics of Ukraine">Autonomous republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Crimea</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherkasy" title="Cherkasy">Cherkasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi" title="Chernivtsi">Chernivtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a><sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk" title="Kramatorsk">Kramatorsk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Ivano-Frankivsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi" title="Khmelnytskyi">Khmelnytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kropyvnytskyi" title="Kropyvnytskyi">Kropyvnytskyi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a><sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Sievierodonetsk" title="Sievierodonetsk">Sievierodonetsk</a><sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutsk" title="Lutsk">Lutsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivne" title="Rivne">Rivne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumy" title="Sumy">Sumy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternopil" title="Ternopil">Ternopil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzhhorod" title="Uzhhorod">Uzhhorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia" title="Vinnytsia">Vinnytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia" title="Zaporizhzhia">Zaporizhzhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr" title="Zhytomyr">Zhytomyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup>Claimed and controlled by <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Crimea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal City</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> <br /> <sup>2</sup>Claimed and partially controlled by Russia as the <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a> <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lugansk_People%27s_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugansk People's Republic">Lugansk People's Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Oblast_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaporizhzhia Oblast (Russia)">Zaporozhye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kherson_Oblast_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kherson Oblast (Russia)">Kherson</a> <a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">oblasts</a><br /> <sup>3</sup> Partially claimed and partially controlled by Russia as a part of <a href="/wiki/Kherson_Oblast_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kherson Oblast (Russia)">Kherson</a> <a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">oblast</a><br /> <sup>4</sup>Partially controlled by Russia, but not claimed as its part.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Ukraine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Ukraine" title="Template:Cities in Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Cities in Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of cities in Ukraine">Cities in Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_with_special_status" title="City with special status">City with special status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_regional_significance_(Ukraine)" title="City of regional significance (Ukraine)">City of regional significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_district_significance_(Ukraine)" title="City of district significance (Ukraine)">City of district significance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000-1,000,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia" title="Zaporizhzhia">Zaporizhzhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih" title="Kryvyi Rih">Kryvyi Rih</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000-500,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Makiivka" title="Makiivka">Makiivka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia" title="Vinnytsia">Vinnytsia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkasy" title="Cherkasy">Cherkasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumy" title="Sumy">Sumy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horlivka" title="Horlivka">Horlivka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr" title="Zhytomyr">Zhytomyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamianske,_Kamianske_Raion" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamianske, Kamianske Raion">Kamianske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kropyvnytskyi" title="Kropyvnytskyi">Kropyvnytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi" title="Khmelnytskyi">Khmelnytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivne" title="Rivne">Rivne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi" title="Chernivtsi">Chernivtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremenchuk" title="Kremenchuk">Kremenchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternopil" title="Ternopil">Ternopil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Ivano-Frankivsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutsk" title="Lutsk">Lutsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bila_Tserkva" title="Bila Tserkva">Bila Tserkva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000-200,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk" title="Kramatorsk">Kramatorsk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melitopol" title="Melitopol">Melitopol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kerch" title="Kerch">Kerch</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikopol,_Ukraine" title="Nikopol, Ukraine">Nikopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloviansk" title="Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berdiansk" title="Berdiansk">Berdiansk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sievierodonetsk" title="Sievierodonetsk">Sievierodonetsk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alchevsk" title="Alchevsk">Alchevsk</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlohrad" title="Pavlohrad">Pavlohrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzhhorod" title="Uzhhorod">Uzhhorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brovary" title="Brovary">Brovary</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yevpatoria" title="Yevpatoria">Yevpatoria</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Cities located in <a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hero_Cities_of_the_Soviet_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hero_Cities_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template:Hero Cities of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hero_Cities_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Template talk:Hero Cities of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hero_Cities_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hero Cities of the Soviet Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hero_Cities_of_the_Soviet_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hero_City_(Soviet_Union)" title="Hero City (Soviet Union)">Hero Cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Stalingrad</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brest_Fortress" title="Brest Fortress">Brest Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch" title="Kerch">Kerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiysk" title="Novorossiysk">Novorossiysk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hero_Cities_of_Ukraine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hero_Cities_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Hero Cities of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hero_Cities_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Hero Cities of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hero_Cities_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hero Cities of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hero_Cities_of_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hero_City_of_Ukraine" title="Hero City of Ukraine">Hero Cities of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerch" title="Kerch">Kerch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awarded by independent Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bucha,_Ukraine" title="Bucha, Ukraine">Bucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostomel" title="Hostomel">Hostomel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin" title="Irpin">Irpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okhtyrka" title="Okhtyrka">Okhtyrka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha" title="Volnovakha">Volnovakha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_capitals_in_Ukraine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Capitals of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Capitals of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_capitals_in_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical capitals in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval and <br />early modern <br />capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/18px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/27px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/36px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyiv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia" title="Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia">Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png/18px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png/27px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png/36px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyr (city)">Volodymyr</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Halych.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/COA_of_Halych.svg/18px-COA_of_Halych.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/COA_of_Halych.svg/27px-COA_of_Halych.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/COA_of_Halych.svg/36px-COA_of_Halych.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="399" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Halych" title="Halych">Halych</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="604" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chyhyryn" title="Chyhyryn">Chyhyryn</a> (1648–1676)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadyach_gerb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hadyach_gerb.png/18px-Hadyach_gerb.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hadyach_gerb.png/27px-Hadyach_gerb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hadyach_gerb.png/36px-Hadyach_gerb.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="268" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hadiach" title="Hadiach">Hadiach</a> (<a href="/wiki/Left-bank_Ukraine" title="Left-bank Ukraine">Left-bank</a>, 1663–1668)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg/18px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg/27px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg/36px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="655" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Baturyn" title="Baturyn">Baturyn</a> (1676–1708, 1751–1764)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hlukhiv_gerb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hlukhiv_gerb.png/18px-Hlukhiv_gerb.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hlukhiv_gerb.png/27px-Hlukhiv_gerb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hlukhiv_gerb.png/36px-Hlukhiv_gerb.png 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="391" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hlukhiv" title="Hlukhiv">Hlukhiv</a> (1708–1751)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainian states <br /> after the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and<br />before the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="West Ukrainian People's Republic">West Ukrainian People's Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="604" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1.png/18px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1.png/27px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1.png/36px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1.png 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mostyska" title="Mostyska">Mostyska</a> (<i>de facto</i>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png/18px-Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png/27px-Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png/36px-Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Stanyslaviv</a> (<i>de facto</i>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG/18px-Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG/27px-Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG/36px-Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG 2x" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="90" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Buchach" title="Buchach">Buchach</a> (<i>de facto</i>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Chortkiv_2023.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COA_of_Chortkiv_2023.png/18px-COA_of_Chortkiv_2023.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COA_of_Chortkiv_2023.png/27px-COA_of_Chortkiv_2023.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COA_of_Chortkiv_2023.png/36px-COA_of_Chortkiv_2023.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chortkiv" title="Chortkiv">Chortkiv</a> (<i>de facto</i>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="886" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ternopil" title="Ternopil">Ternopil</a> (<i>de facto</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/18px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/27px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/36px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyiv</a> (1917–1920)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png/18px-Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png/27px-Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png/36px-Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="301" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kamianets-Podilskyi" title="Kamianets-Podilskyi">Kamianets-Podilskyi</a> (<i>de facto</i>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png/18px-Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png/27px-Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png/36px-Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="268" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia" title="Vinnytsia">Vinnytsia</a> (<i>de facto</i>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_zhmerynka.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_zhmerynka.PNG/18px-Coat_of_arms_zhmerynka.PNG" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_zhmerynka.PNG/27px-Coat_of_arms_zhmerynka.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_zhmerynka.PNG/36px-Coat_of_arms_zhmerynka.PNG 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zhmerynka" title="Zhmerynka">Zhmerynka</a> (<i>de facto</i>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Khmelnitsky.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_Arms_of_Khmelnitsky.svg/18px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Khmelnitsky.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_Arms_of_Khmelnitsky.svg/27px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Khmelnitsky.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_Arms_of_Khmelnitsky.svg/36px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Khmelnitsky.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="460" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi" title="Khmelnytskyi">Proskuriv</a> (<i>de facto</i>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rivne" title="Rivne">Rivne</a> (<i>de facto</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Republic">Ukrainian Soviet Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/18px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/27px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/36px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyiv</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png/18px-Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png/27px-Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png/36px-Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="594" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bashtanka" title="Bashtanka">Poltavka</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashtanka_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bashtanka Republic (page does not exist)">Bashtanka Republic</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="uk:Баштанська республіка)">uk</a>]</span>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="886" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ternopil" title="Ternopil">Ternopil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Galician_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Galician Soviet Socialist Republic">Galician Soviet Socialist Republic</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other formations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg/18px-Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg/27px-Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg/36px-Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="762" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Huliaipole" title="Huliaipole">Huliaipole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a>, 1917–1919)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jasina_gerb.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jasina_gerb.gif/18px-Jasina_gerb.gif" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jasina_gerb.gif/27px-Jasina_gerb.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jasina_gerb.gif/36px-Jasina_gerb.gif 2x" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Yasinia" title="Yasinia">Yasinia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hutsul_Republic" title="Hutsul Republic">Hutsul Republic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mliiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mliiv (page does not exist)">Mliiv</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="uk:Мліїв">uk</a>]</span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mliiv_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mliiv Republic (page does not exist)">Mliiv Republic</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Мліївська республіка">uk</a>]</span>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="895" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Katerynoslav</a> (<a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a>, 1919)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png/18px-Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png/27px-Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png/36px-Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="497" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melnyky,_Medvedivka_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melnyky, Medvedivka hromada (page does not exist)">Melnyky</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_(%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="uk:Мельники (Черкаський район, Медведівська громада)">uk</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Kholodny_Yar_Republic" title="Kholodny Yar Republic">Kholodny Yar Republic</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a> (since 1919), <br /> independent <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (since 1991), <br /> other contemporary states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a> (part of the<br /><a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> 1922-91), <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="612" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a> (1919-1934)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/18px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/27px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/36px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyiv</a> (since 1934)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carpatho-Ukraine" title="Carpatho-Ukraine">Carpatho-Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hust_gerb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hust_gerb.png/18px-Hust_gerb.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hust_gerb.png/27px-Hust_gerb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hust_gerb.png/36px-Hust_gerb.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Khust" title="Khust">Khust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Capital_cities_of_the_candidate_countries_of_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capital_cities_of_the_European_Union_candidates" title="Template:Capital cities of the European Union candidates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capital_cities_of_the_European_Union_candidates" title="Template talk:Capital cities of the European Union candidates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capital_cities_of_the_European_Union_candidates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capital cities of the European Union candidates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=European_Union&#124;link=European_Union_Capital_cities_of_the_candidate_countries_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a> cities of the <a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union#Current_agenda_and_applicants" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">candidate countries</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo"><img alt="Sarajevo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_Sarajevo.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sarajevo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_Sarajevo.svg/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sarajevo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_Sarajevo.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sarajevo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="184" data-file-height="237" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia (country)</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi"><img alt="Tbilisi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Insigne_incognitum.svg/45px-Insigne_incognitum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Insigne_incognitum.svg/68px-Insigne_incognitum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Insigne_incognitum.svg/90px-Insigne_incognitum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica"><img alt="Podgorica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Insigne_Birziminii.svg/45px-Insigne_Birziminii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Insigne_Birziminii.svg/68px-Insigne_Birziminii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Insigne_Birziminii.svg/90px-Insigne_Birziminii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade"><img alt="Belgrade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Insigne_Belogradi.svg/45px-Insigne_Belogradi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Insigne_Belogradi.svg/68px-Insigne_Belogradi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Insigne_Belogradi.svg/90px-Insigne_Belogradi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana"><img alt="Tirana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Insigne_Tyranae.svg/45px-Insigne_Tyranae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Insigne_Tyranae.svg/68px-Insigne_Tyranae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Insigne_Tyranae.svg/90px-Insigne_Tyranae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="378" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje"><img alt="Skopje" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Insigne_Scopiae.svg/45px-Insigne_Scopiae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Insigne_Scopiae.svg/68px-Insigne_Scopiae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Insigne_Scopiae.svg/90px-Insigne_Scopiae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău"><img alt="Chișinău" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Insigne_incognitum.svg/45px-Insigne_incognitum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Insigne_incognitum.svg/68px-Insigne_incognitum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Insigne_incognitum.svg/90px-Insigne_incognitum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>:</small><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyiv</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv"><img alt="Kyiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/45px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/68px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/90px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; float:left; line-height:90%; width:95px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>:</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; height:80px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Insigne_incognitum.svg/45px-Insigne_incognitum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Insigne_incognitum.svg/68px-Insigne_incognitum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Insigne_incognitum.svg/90px-Insigne_incognitum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/150028026">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212170/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmDjDbBvHCvYyMwmv4yVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kiew"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4030522-3">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81022031">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15239976q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15239976q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kyjev (Ukrajina)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129724&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX453110">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000052832&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000538972&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/10573">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007404884405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/51c526a4-ed34-4eaf-94cf-0b96cd019d47">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02730292X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045009">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=11194">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\K\Y\Kyiv">Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyiv&oldid=1258938619">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyiv&oldid=1258938619</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kyiv" 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</div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ftkqq","wgBackendResponseTime":301,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_1cbbc753a13966c648933f5164000327dcc053cd":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geomask","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1899","properties":{"title":"Kyiv","fill-opacity":0.4,"stroke":"#808080","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#808080"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.370","walltime":"4.184","ppvisitednodes":{"value":41538,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":825560,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":134886,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":36,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":73,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":661295,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3324.584 1 -total"," 28.52% 948.053 2 Template:Reflist"," 16.68% 554.659 1 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[\"CITEREFKubijovyčPavlovskyStebelskyZhukovsky2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKudritskiy1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoweRyaboy\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagocsi2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMakarykTkacz2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOksana_Lyachynska2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrest_Subtelny1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul_M._HOHENBERGLynn_Hollen_LeesPaul_M_Hohenberg2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlokhy2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPreston\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSantarovich2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_World_Bank\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrubachev1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUkrainian_Commission_for_Legal_Terminology\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVilenchukMashkova2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVilenchukYatsuk2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFalla_levy\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFЕрофалов-Пилипчак2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFСвобода2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFСюмар,_Вікторія2012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 8,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Administrative divisions of Ukraine\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"CE\"] = 1,\n [\"Capital cities of the European Union candidates\"] = 1,\n [\"Capitals of Ukraine\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 4,\n [\"Circa\"] = 4,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite EPD\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite LPD\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Merriam-Webster\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite tweet\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 88,\n [\"Cities in Ukraine\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 12,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"DecreaseNeutral\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"FXConvert\"] = 2,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 52,\n [\"For timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"Gallery\"] = 1,\n [\"Hero Cities of Ukraine\"] = 1,\n [\"Hero Cities of the Soviet Union\"] = 1,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 3,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 11,\n [\"Ill\"] = 5,\n [\"In lang\"] = 8,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Interlanguage link\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 6,\n [\"Langx\"] = 5,\n [\"List of European capitals by region\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 6,\n [\"Maplink\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"Native name\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Panorama\"] = 3,\n [\"Pipe\"] = 4,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-extended\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 3,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 2,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 2,\n [\"S-end\"] = 2,\n [\"S-start\"] = 2,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 14,\n [\"Seealso\"] = 1,\n [\"Seven Wonders of Ukraine\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Slink\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"Subdivisions of Kyiv\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 1,\n [\"Twitter\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Update\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 43,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 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