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Khaybar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="حرة خيبر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرة خيبر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="حره خیبر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حره خیبر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrat_Khaybar" title="Harrat Khaybar – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Harrat Khaybar" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B2" title="ഹർറത് ഖൈബർ അഗ്നിപർവ്വത മേഖല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹർറത് ഖൈബർ അഗ്നിപർവ്വത മേഖല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrat_Khaybar" title="Harrat Khaybar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Harrat Khaybar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrat_Khaybar" title="Harrat Khaybar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Harrat Khaybar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A3" title="ฮัรร็อตค็อยบัร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮัรร็อตค็อยบัร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrat_Hayber" title="Harrat Hayber – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Harrat Hayber" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q629667#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Harrat_Khaybar&params=25_43_10_N_39_56_34_E_type:mountain_region:SA_scale:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°43′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°56′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.71944°N 39.94278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.71944; 39.94278</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Volcanic field in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Harrat Khaybar</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harrat_Khaybar_Space.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Harrat_Khaybar_Space.jpg/272px-Harrat_Khaybar_Space.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Harrat_Khaybar_Space.jpg/408px-Harrat_Khaybar_Space.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Harrat_Khaybar_Space.jpg/544px-Harrat_Khaybar_Space.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2005" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;">Harrat Khaybar seen from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> (North to the right of the picture)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Highest point</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,093 m (6,867 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Harrat_Khaybar&params=25_43_10_N_39_56_34_E_type:mountain_region:SA_scale:100000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°43′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°56′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.71944°N 39.94278°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.71944; 39.94278</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Naming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حرة خيبر</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geography</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.5em 0.2em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saudi_Arabia_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harrat Khaybar is located in Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Harrat Khaybar is located in Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Saudi_Arabia_relief_location_map.jpg/272px-Saudi_Arabia_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Saudi_Arabia_relief_location_map.jpg/408px-Saudi_Arabia_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Saudi_Arabia_relief_location_map.jpg/544px-Saudi_Arabia_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2003" data-file-height="1668" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.094%;left:26.343%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Harrat Khaybar"><img alt="Harrat Khaybar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/16px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/24px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/32px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Harrat Khaybar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_types" title="List of mountain types">Mountain type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_field" title="Volcanic field">Volcanic field</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">Last eruption</a></th><td class="infobox-data">650 CE ± 50 years</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ḥarrat Khaybar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حَرَّة خَيْبَر</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_field" title="Volcanic field">volcanic field</a> located north of <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>. It covers an area approximately 12,000 km<sup>2</sup> (4,600 sq mi). The most recent eruption occurred between 600 and 700 AD. Man-made stone structures dating to the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period have been studied in Harrat Khaybar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrat_Khaybar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basaltic lava fields of Harrat Khaybar were formed by a series of eruptions over the course of 5 million years. These eruptions took place along a series of <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_vent" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic vent">volcanic vents</a> stretching over a 100-kilometer (62 mile) north-south linear vent system. The fields cover an area of approximately 12,000 km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recent volcanic eruption took place between 600 and 700 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The White Mountains of Harrat Khaybar, Jabal Abyad and Jabal Bayda, derive their light appearance from <a href="/wiki/Comendite" title="Comendite">comendite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jabal Abyad, at an elevation of 2,093 metres (6,867 ft), is the tallest volcano in Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These mountains contrast with the darker appearance of the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiite" title="Hawaiite">hawaiite</a> lava flows and domes which dominate the lava fields, such as Jabal Qidr.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IUGS_geological_heritage_site">IUGS geological heritage site</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrat_Khaybar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: IUGS geological heritage site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In respect of it being 'the largest historic basaltic volcanic cone in intracontinental settings within a Pleistocene rhyolitic tuff ring and lava dome field', the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geological_Sciences" title="International Union of Geological Sciences">International Union of Geological Sciences</a> (IUGS) included 'The historic scoria cone of the Jabal Qidr' in its assemblage of 100 'geological heritage sites' around the world in a listing published in October 2022. The organisation defines an IUGS Geological Heritage Site as 'a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history.'<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_activity">Human activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrat_Khaybar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Human activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Evidence of early human habitation has been found in the lava fields of Harrat Khaybar. The remains of Neolithic human communities have been studied there, including habitations, fences, and funerary structures built out of volcanic stones.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structures are believed to have been constructed by pastoral tribes who lived in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar Neolithic structures have been studied throughout Arabia, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, and are collectively referred to as "The Works of the Old Men".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These structures were first observed by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> pilots in the 1920s, although they did not gain much academic or media attention at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Neolithic inhabitants also mined the volcanic field for obsidian <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sandstone <a href="/wiki/Mustatil" title="Mustatil">mustatils</a> associated with early <a href="/wiki/Cattle_cult" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle cult">cattle cults</a> have also been studied in Harrat Khaybar. Because the uneven lava plains are poorly suited to the construction of mustatils, many were built resting against volcanic vents.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pendant shaped tower tombs or <a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">cairns</a> in Harrat Khaybar have been dated back to the third millennium BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar funerary structures dating to the Middle <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> are found within a range spanning across northwestern Arabia, although a particularly high density have been found in Harrat Khaybar.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These groupings of structures are associated with the oases along the fringes of Harrat Khaybar.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keyhole and trumpet tombs, tomb structures not found elsewhere, have also been discovered in Harrat Khaybar.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Researchers have studied hundreds of large stone structures nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/Desert_kite" title="Desert kite">desert kites</a>" and "gates", but their exact purpose and function is still unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gates of Harrat Khaybar are so named because they resemble horizontally laid barred gates. This type of structure is rarely attested to outside of Harrat Khaybar.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest of the gates measure over 304 metres (1,000 ft) in length and 75 metres (250 ft) in width.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been theorized that desert kites may have been used to trap and hunt wild animals.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, it has been theorized that they were used to corral herds of <a href="/wiki/Gazelle" title="Gazelle">gazelles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kites found in Harrat Khaybar are similar to other stone structures found in neighboring Syria and Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many of the kites of Harrat Khaybar are built in a different shape than those found elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, neurologist Abdullah al-Saeed first began studying the structures in the lava fields and found them to be unimpressive, but reassessed their importance after reexamination of the area by the use of <a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a>. According to al-Saeed, he and his team did not observe the pattern and importance of the structures until observing them from an aerial viewpoint.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Saeed and his team later collaborated with British archaeologist <a href="/wiki/David_L._Kennedy" title="David L. Kennedy">David L. Kennedy</a>, who had used aerial archaeology to study similar structures in Jordan, but had not been allowed to cross the border into Saudi Arabia. According to Kennedy, the structures in the Harrat Khaybar were created between 2,000 and 9,000 years earlier than those in Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2017, the team of researchers had reportedly discovered more than 900 kites in Harrat Khaybar.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Umm_Jirsan_lava_tube">Umm Jirsan lava tube</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrat_Khaybar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Umm Jirsan lava tube"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the lava field is the Umm Jirsan <a href="/wiki/Lava_tube" title="Lava tube">lava tube</a>, with a length of 1,481 metres (4,859 ft) in three sections including two pieces of collapsed roof. It is Saudi Arabia's longest lava tube system.<sup id="cite_ref-Umm_Jirsan_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Umm_Jirsan-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2021, the analysis of many thousands of animal and human bones from the cave system revealed that striped hyenas (<i><a href="/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaena hyaena">Hyaena hyaena</a></i>) had used this as a den for around 7,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyena_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyena-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harrat_Khaybar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=231060">"Global Volcanism Program | Harrat Khaybar"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harrat+Khaybar&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmultimedia%2Fimagegallery%2Fimage_feature_1808.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarrat+Khaybar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hills_and_mountains_on_the_Arabian_Peninsula" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mountains_on_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Template:Mountains on the Arabian Peninsula"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mountains_on_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Template talk:Mountains on the Arabian Peninsula"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mountains_on_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mountains on the Arabian Peninsula"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hills_and_mountains_on_the_Arabian_Peninsula" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hills and <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula#Mountains" title="Arabian Peninsula">mountains on the Arabian Peninsula</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hajar_Mountains" title="Hajar Mountains">Hajar range</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Central_Hajar" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Hajar_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Hajar Mountains">Central Hajar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_(Oman)" title="Jebel Akhdar (Oman)">Jebel Akhdar</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Shams" title="Jebel Shams">Jebel Shams</a> (H)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hajar_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Hajar Mountains">Eastern Hajar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jabal Aswad</li> <li>Jabal Bani Jabar</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Hajar_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Hajar Mountains">Western Hajar</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_(Oman)" title="Jebel Akhdar (Oman)">Jebel Akhdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Ghawil" title="Jebel Ghawil">Jebel Ghawil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Shams" title="Jebel Shams">Jebel Shams</a> (H, HP)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ru&#039;us_al-Jibal" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ru%27us_al-Jibal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ru'us al-Jibal">Ru'us al-Jibal</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Al_Harim" title="Jabal Al Harim">Jabal Al Harim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Qihwi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebel Qihwi">Jebel Qihwi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balcony_Walk,_Jebel_Shams,_Oman_(36729358660).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jebel Shams of the Western-Central Hajar range, Oman"><img alt="Jebel Shams of the Western-Central Hajar range, Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Balcony_Walk%2C_Jebel_Shams%2C_Oman_%2836729358660%29.jpg/80px-Balcony_Walk%2C_Jebel_Shams%2C_Oman_%2836729358660%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Balcony_Walk%2C_Jebel_Shams%2C_Oman_%2836729358660%29.jpg/120px-Balcony_Walk%2C_Jebel_Shams%2C_Oman_%2836729358660%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Balcony_Walk%2C_Jebel_Shams%2C_Oman_%2836729358660%29.jpg/160px-Balcony_Walk%2C_Jebel_Shams%2C_Oman_%2836729358660%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_Mountains" title="Dhofar Mountains">Dhofar range</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Qamar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebel Qamar">Jebel Qamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Qara" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebel Qara">Jebel Qarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Samhan_Nature_Reserve" title="Jabal Samhan Nature Reserve">Jabal Samhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of mountains in Saudi Arabia">List of mountains in Saudi Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of volcanoes in Saudi Arabia">List of volcanoes in Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qarah_Mountain_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Al-Qarah Mountain (Saudi Arabia)">Jabal Al-Qarah</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sarawat_Mountains" title="Sarawat Mountains">Sarat range</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Al-Oraif" title="Jabal Al-Oraif">Jabal Al-Oraif</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asir_Mountains" title="Asir Mountains">'Asir range</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrat_al_Birk" title="Harrat al Birk">Harrat al Birk</a> (LF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Ad-Dhoor" title="Jabal Ad-Dhoor">Jabal Ad-Dhoor</a></li> <li>Jabal <a href="/wiki/Al-Hadab" title="Al-Hadab">Al-Hadab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Al-Majaz" title="Jabal Al-Majaz">Jabal Al-Majaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Al-Qo%27mah" title="Jabal Al-Qo'mah">Jabal Al-Qo'mah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_As-Sahla%27" title="Jabal As-Sahla'">Jabal As-Sahla'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebal_As-Seqaa" title="Jebal As-Seqaa">Jebal As-Seqaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Atherb" title="Jabal Atherb">Jabal Atherb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Khalaqah" title="Jabal Khalaqah">Jabal Khalaqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Lawa%27s" title="Jabal Lawa's">Jabal Lawa's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Mana%27" title="Jabal Mana'">Jabal Mana'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Maomah" title="Jabal Maomah">Jabal Maomah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Mareer" title="Jabal Mareer">Jabal Mareer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Masher" title="Jabal Masher">Jabal Masher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Moushref" title="Jabal Moushref">Jabal Moushref</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Nahran" title="Jabal Nahran">Jabal Nahran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Natfa%27" title="Jabal Natfa'">Jabal Natfa'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_%27Okran" title="Jabal 'Okran">Jabal 'Okran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Sawda" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Sawda">Jabal Sawdah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Yar" title="Jabal Yar">Jabal Yar</a> (VF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Warrab" title="Jabal Warrab">Jabal Warrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%27af_A%27l_Nassir" title="Sh'af A'l Nassir">Sh'af A'l Nassir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%27af_Bayhan" title="Sh'af Bayhan">Sh'af Bayhan</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Al_Bahah_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Bahah Region">Al-Bahah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabal_Shada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabal Shada (page does not exist)">Jabal Shada</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A7" class="extiw" title="ar:كهوف جبل شدا">ar</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jizan_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Jizan Region">Jizan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifa_Mountains" title="Fifa Mountains">Fifa Mountains</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/1463881/saudi-arabia">Jebel</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qeher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qeher (page does not exist)">Al-Qeher</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%87%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:جبل القهر">ar</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Najran_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Najran Region">Najran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/1365241/saudi-arabia">Jabal Abu Hamdan</a></li> <li>Jabal Raum</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hijaz_Mountains" title="Hijaz Mountains">Hijaz range</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harrat Khaybar</a> (VF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrat_Kishb" title="Harrat Kishb">Harrat Kishb</a> (LF) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Wahbah_crater" title="Al Wahbah crater">Al Wahbah crater</a> (VC)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrat_Lunayyir" title="Harrat Lunayyir">Harrat Lunayyir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrat_Rahat" title="Harrat Rahat">Harrat Rahat</a> (LF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Qubays_(mountain)" title="Abu Qubays (mountain)">Jabal Abu Qubays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_al-Nour" title="Jabal al-Nour">Jabal al-Nour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arafat" title="Mount Arafat">Jabal 'Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Daka" title="Jabal Daka">Jabal Daka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hada" title="Al Hada">Jabal Hada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sela_(Saudi_Arabia)" title="Sela (Saudi Arabia)">Jabal Sela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Thawr" title="Jabal Thawr">Jabal Thawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Uhud" title="Mount Uhud">Jabal Uhud</a></li> <li>Jabal Werqan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safa_and_Marwa" title="Safa and Marwa">Safa and Marwa</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Midian_range" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midian_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Midian Mountains">Midian range</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harrat_al-Sham" title="Harrat al-Sham">Harrat al-Sham</a> (VF) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Harrah,_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Harrah, Saudi Arabia">Jabal Al-Amud</a>? (VF)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_al-Lawz" title="Jabal al-Lawz">Jabal Al-Lawz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Al-Qalom" title="Jabal Al-Qalom">Jabal Al-Qalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_an_Nukhaylah" title="Jabal an Nukhaylah">Jabal an Nukhaylah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Hubaysh,_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Hubaysh, Saudi Arabia">Jabal Hubaysh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tabuk_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabuk Region">Tabuk Region</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Maqla" title="Jabal Maqla">Jabal Maqla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_%60Umayyid" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal `Umayyid">Jabal `Umayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Umm_Hayf%C4%81%27" title="Jabal Umm Hayfā'">Jabal Umm Hayfā'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebal_Ad-dhahr" title="Jebal Ad-dhahr">Mountains of Adh-Dhahr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baha_1308_IMG_4250.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sarat Mountains in the area of Al-Bahah, Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Sarat Mountains in the area of Al-Bahah, Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Baha_1308_IMG_4250.jpg/90px-Baha_1308_IMG_4250.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Baha_1308_IMG_4250.jpg/135px-Baha_1308_IMG_4250.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Baha_1308_IMG_4250.jpg/180px-Baha_1308_IMG_4250.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shammar_Mountains" title="Shammar Mountains">Shammar range</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salma_Mountains" title="Salma Mountains">Salma range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Shammar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Shammar">Jabal Shammar</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Aja_range" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aja range</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Aja_Protected_Area" title="Jabal Aja Protected Area">Jabal Aja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shammar_Mountains" title="Shammar Mountains">Shammar Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tuwayr_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuwayr Mountains">Tuwayr range</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jabal <a href="/wiki/Tuwaiq" title="Tuwaiq">Tuwaiq</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="List of mountains in the United Arab Emirates">List of mountains in the United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western_Hajar" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Hajar<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Ru'us al-Jibal</i><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Jais" title="Jebel Jais">Jebel Jais</a> (H)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_ar_Rahrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal ar Rahrah">Jabal Ar-Rahrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Ra%E1%B8%A9abah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Raḩabah">Jabal Rahabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Qada%27ah" title="Jabal Qada'ah">Jabal Qada'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Al_Mebrah" title="Jebel Al Mebrah">Jebel Yibir</a> (HP)<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shumayliyyah_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Shumayliyyah Mountains">Shumayliyyah range</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Al-Heben" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebel Al-Heben">Jebel Al-Heben</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outliers, outcrops or anticlines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Buhais" title="Jebel Buhais">Jebel Buhais</a> (AC, OC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Faya" title="Jebel Faya">Jebel Faya</a> (AC, OC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Hafeet" title="Jebel Hafeet">Jebel Hafeet</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (OL)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jabal_Al_Jais.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jebel Jais of the Western Hajar in Ras Al Khaimah, UAE"><img alt="Jebel Jais of the Western Hajar in Ras Al Khaimah, UAE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Jabal_Al_Jais.jpg/80px-Jabal_Al_Jais.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Jabal_Al_Jais.jpg/121px-Jabal_Al_Jais.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Jabal_Al_Jais.jpg/161px-Jabal_Al_Jais.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Yemen" title="List of volcanoes in Yemen">List of volcanoes in Yemen</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut_Mountains" title="Hadhramaut Mountains">Hadhramaut range</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jabal Ar-Rays?</li> <li>Jabal Husn Ghuraf</li> <li>Jebel Shaqb?</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yemen_Highlands_(10263628893).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Yemen_Highlands_%2810263628893%29.jpg/88px-Yemen_Highlands_%2810263628893%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Yemen_Highlands_%2810263628893%29.jpg/132px-Yemen_Highlands_%2810263628893%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Yemen_Highlands_%2810263628893%29.jpg/176px-Yemen_Highlands_%2810263628893%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5706" data-file-height="3885" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sarat range<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harra_of_Arhab" title="Harra of Arhab">Harra of Arhab</a> (VF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harras_of_Dhamar" title="Harras of Dhamar">Harras of Dhamar</a> (VF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harra_es-Sawad" title="Harra es-Sawad">Harra es-Sawad</a> (VF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Hubaysh,_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Hubaysh, Yemen">Jabal Hubaysh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibb_Governorate" title="Ibb Governorate">Ibb Governorate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Kanin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Kanin">Jabal Kanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Nuqm" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Nuqm">Jabal Nuqm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Sabir" title="Jabal Sabir">Jabal Sabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Tiyal" title="Jabal Tiyal">Jabal Tiyal</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Haraz_range" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Haraz" title="Jabal Haraz">Haraz range</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_An-Nabi_Shu%27ayb" title="Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb">Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb</a> (H, HP)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Note:</b> Mountains are sorted in alphabetical order, unless where it concerns ranges. The highest confirmed mountains in each country are indicated with 'HP', and those with the highest peak are indicated with 'HP', bearing in mind that in the UAE, the highest mountain and the mountain with the highest peak are different. <a href="/wiki/Outcrop" title="Outcrop">Outcrops</a> are indicated with 'OC', and <a href="/wiki/Inliers_and_outliers_(geology)" title="Inliers and outliers (geology)">outliers</a> with 'OL', and <a href="/wiki/Anticline" title="Anticline">anticlines</a> with 'AC'. <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">Volcanoes</a> are indicated with 'V', <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater" title="Volcanic crater">volcanic craters</a> with 'VC', <a href="/wiki/Lava_field" title="Lava field">lava fields</a> with 'LF', and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_field" title="Volcanic field">volcanic fields</a> with 'VF'. <p>Other notes: </p> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shared with the UAE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also regarded as being of the Western Hajar</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also regarded as being of the Western Hajar</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shared with the UAE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shared with the UAE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sensu lato</i>, shared with Yemen</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shared with Yemen</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sensu lato</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sensu lato</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shared with Oman</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shared with Oman</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Highest mountain in the UAE, but the peak is in Oman</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Due to the peak of Jebel Jais being in Oman, this mountain has the highest confirmed peak in the UAE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shared with Oman</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shared with Oman</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shared with Saudi Arabia</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Highest confirmed peak in the Arabian Peninsula</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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