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id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yuhanna al-Armani</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Yuhanna_al-Armani" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Yuhanna_al-Armani" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Yuhanna al-Armani al-Qudsi</b> (1726 – 1786, <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>) was an artist of <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> origin in <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Egypt">Ottoman Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is most notable for his religious works, especially his <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Art#Icon_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Art">Coptic</a> <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a> that decorate <a href="/wiki/The_Hanging_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hanging Church">The Hanging Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Old_Cairo" title="Old Cairo">Old Cairo</a>. </p><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Yuhanna al-Armani</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Yuhanna-Mercurius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yuhanna-Mercurius.jpg/220px-Yuhanna-Mercurius.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yuhanna-Mercurius.jpg/330px-Yuhanna-Mercurius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Yuhanna-Mercurius.jpg/440px-Yuhanna-Mercurius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="1186"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Icon of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Mercurius" title="Saint Mercurius">St Mercurius</a> by Yuhanna al-Armani</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Yuhanna al-Armani al-Qudsi</div><br>cca 1720</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1786<br><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Armenian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Art">Religious Painting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Icons" class="mw-redirect" title="Icons">Icons</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hanging_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hanging Church">The Hanging Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Cairo" title="Coptic Cairo">Coptic Cairo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Art">Coptic Art</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Biography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Biography</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Life"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Career"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Career</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Art_work"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Art work</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Icon_of_St._George_(Mari_Girgis),_1753"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Icon of St. George (Mari Girgis), 1753</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Icon_of_St_Behnam_(Mari_Bihnam)_and_his_sister_St_Sarah_(Sarra),_1782"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Icon of St Behnam (Mari Bihnam) and his sister St Sarah (Sarra), 1782</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Icon_of_St_Onoprius_(Abu_Nofer)_and_the_Ethiopian_monk_St_Takla_Haymanot,_1754"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Icon of St Onoprius (Abu Nofer) and the Ethiopian monk St Takla Haymanot, 1754</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Yuhanna_al-Armani&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life">Life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Yuhanna_al-Armani&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Originally born Ohem Karapetian in 1726 to an Armenian family residing in Jerusalem, he would later change his first name to the more well-known Arabic pronunciation, <i>Yuhanna</i>, and almost completely omit his given surname upon moving to Cairo.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its stead, he would add <i>al-Armani</i> and <i>al-Qudsi</i> paying homage to both his Armenian heritage and his home town of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yuhanna died in Cairo in 1786.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career">Career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Yuhanna_al-Armani&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Yuhanna worked in the Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic</a> style of <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a> painting, which at that point was an endangered art style due to periods of tense relationships with the Muslim majority which also affected other aspects of Coptic culture such as the Coptic language.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in the 18th century, there was a decline of Ottoman power in Egypt, as well as a shift in the Ottomans' policy towards non-Muslim <a href="/wiki/Copts_in_Egypt" title="Copts in Egypt">Copts</a> and Christians were able to exert a greater social presence which made a revival of the style possible.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yuhanna's artistic career was a successful, and characterized by a close partnership with another Coptic icon painter known as Ibrahim al-Nasikh (also known as <i>Ibrahim the scribe</i>) whom Yuhanna may have shared a workshop and collaborated with on some works which is reflected in their art sharing many stylistic similarities.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is some debate over the actual nature of their partnership, and evidence pointing to them having more of a master-apprentice relationship, with Ibrahim being the master and Yuhanna as the apprentice.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their combined artistic style is influenced and informed by post-Byzantine as well as Syrio-Palestinian style icons.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This influence can be seen in one of the more iconic aspects of their style which is the use of written text alongside the visuals, which functions as narration of the scene and provides additional information such as names of the saints.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their subject matter also featured more regionally-specific Egyptian motifs such as mounted warrior saints, which appear numerous times both in their work as well as in the work of other Egyptian Coptic icon painters.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Art_work">Art work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Yuhanna_al-Armani&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Art work" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Icon_of_St._George_(Mari_Girgis),_1753"><span id="Icon_of_St._George_.28Mari_Girgis.29.2C_1753"></span>Icon of St. George (Mari Girgis), 1753</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Yuhanna_al-Armani&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Icon of St. George (Mari Girgis), 1753" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><i>Mari Girgis</i> is a painted wooden icon depicting a mounted man in armor, presumably St. George, accompanied by two much smaller figures the moment that he is about to deliver the final blow defeating the dragon and saving the princess.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also the inclusion of Arabic and Coptic script at the top of the piece as well as at the bottom a mainstay of Yuhanna and Ibrahims style as well as indicative of post-Byzantine and Syrio-Palestinian influence.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This piece, like all Icons, was created as a devotional piece to St. George. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Icon_of_St_Behnam_(Mari_Bihnam)_and_his_sister_St_Sarah_(Sarra),_1782"><span id="Icon_of_St_Behnam_.28Mari_Bihnam.29_and_his_sister_St_Sarah_.28Sarra.29.2C_1782"></span>Icon of St Behnam (Mari Bihnam) and his sister St Sarah (Sarra), 1782</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Yuhanna_al-Armani&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Icon of St Behnam (Mari Bihnam) and his sister St Sarah (Sarra), 1782" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>This piece is a painted wooden Icon seemingly depicting multiple narrative scenes with the largest and central scene most likely being the scene of great importance.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central scene depicts a man of monumental size, presumable St. Behnam, with a crown, a Halo, and wearing fine clothing riding a horse facing the left hand side of the piece. The much smaller scenes depicting groups of people enacting various actions such as an army marching or people being anointed. The piece also includes the Arabic and Coptic script typical of Yuhanna and Ibrahims style.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This pieces intention was to tell the story of St. Benham. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Icon_of_St_Onoprius_(Abu_Nofer)_and_the_Ethiopian_monk_St_Takla_Haymanot,_1754"><span id="Icon_of_St_Onoprius_.28Abu_Nofer.29_and_the_Ethiopian_monk_St_Takla_Haymanot.2C_1754"></span>Icon of St Onoprius (Abu Nofer) and the Ethiopian monk St Takla Haymanot, 1754</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Yuhanna_al-Armani&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Icon of St Onoprius (Abu Nofer) and the Ethiopian monk St Takla Haymanot, 1754" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>This piece is painted linen Icon on a wooden frame seemingly depicting two men one dressed in a plain tunic with unkempt hair and beard holding a cross and the other man dressed in traditional Coptic dress holding a cane and a book.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The piece also includes sporadic Arabic and Coptic script typical of Yuhanna and Ibrahims style.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The piece was intended to be a devotional piece to these two saints. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Yuhanna_al-Armani&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magdi Guirguis, <i>An Armenian Artist in Ottoman Cairo: Yuhanna al-Armani and His Coptic Icons</i> (Cairo,: The American University in Cairo Press, 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGuirguis2008" class="citation cs2">Guirguis, Magdi (2008-04-15), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5743/cairo/9789774161520.003.0004">"Egyptian Icons before Yuhanna al-Armani"</a>, <i>An Armenian Artist in Ottoman CairoYuhanna al-Armani and His Coptic Icons</i>, American University in Cairo Press, pp. 39–48<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=An+Armenian+Artist+in+Ottoman+CairoYuhanna+al-Armani+and+His+Coptic+Icons&rft.atitle=Egyptian+Icons+before+Yuhanna+al-Armani&rft.pages=39-48&rft.date=2008-04-15&rft.aulast=Guirguis&rft.aufirst=Magdi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.5743%2Fcairo%2F9789774161520.003.0004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYuhanna+al-Armani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a 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(2004-01-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0141-6790.2004.02701003.x">"Icon and narration in eighteenth‐century Christian Egypt: the works of Yuhanna al‐Armani al‐Qudsi and Ibrahim al‐Nasikh"</a>. <i>Art History</i>. <b>27</b> (1): 62–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0141-6790.2004.02701003.x">10.1111/j.0141-6790.2004.02701003.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0141-6790">0141-6790</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Art+History&rft.atitle=Icon+and+narration+in+eighteenth%E2%80%90century+Christian+Egypt%3A+the+works+of+Yuhanna+al%E2%80%90Armani+al%E2%80%90Qudsi+and+Ibrahim+al%E2%80%90Nasikh&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=62-94&rft.date=2004-01-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0141-6790.2004.02701003.x&rft.issn=0141-6790&rft.aulast=Tribe&rft.aufirst=Tania+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%2Fj.0141-6790.2004.02701003.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYuhanna+al-Armani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeyberger2018" class="citation journal cs1">Heyberger, Bernard (2018-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4000/assr.38853">"Le renouveau de l'image de religion chez les chrétiens orientaux"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Archives_de_sciences_sociales_des_religions" title="Archives de sciences sociales des religions">Archives de sciences sociales des religions</a></i> (183): 191–205. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fassr.38853">10.4000/assr.38853</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0335-5985">0335-5985</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+de+sciences+sociales+des+religions&rft.atitle=Le+renouveau+de+l%E2%80%99image+de+religion+chez+les+chr%C3%A9tiens+orientaux&rft.issue=183&rft.pages=191-205&rft.date=2018-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fassr.38853&rft.issn=0335-5985&rft.aulast=Heyberger&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4000%2Fassr.38853&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYuhanna+al-Armani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulock1946" class="citation book cs1">Mulock, Cawthra (1946). <i>The Icons of Yuhanna and Ibrahim The Scribe</i>. 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Shalaby, Mostafa (2014-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bcps.2014.24309">"A Comparison between Coptic Icons in Christian Churches and the Icons of the Monastery of St. Catherine in Sinai"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Center Papyrological Studies</i>. <b>31</b> (1): 1–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21608%2Fbcps.2014.24309">10.21608/bcps.2014.24309</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2636-3186">2636-3186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Center+Papyrological+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Comparison+between+Coptic+Icons+in+Christian+Churches+and+the+Icons+of+the+Monastery+of+St.+Catherine+in+Sinai&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-27&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21608%2Fbcps.2014.24309&rft.issn=2636-3186&rft.aulast=Baligh&rft.aufirst=Randa&rft.au=Shalaby%2C+Mostafa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.21608%2Fbcps.2014.24309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYuhanna+al-Armani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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