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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Отношения между Виетнам и Русия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Отношения между Виетнам и Русия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD-%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ռուս-վիետնամական հարաբերություններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուս-վիետնամական 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searchaux" style="display:none">Bilateral relations</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Russia–Vietnam relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_Vietnam_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of Russia and Vietnam"><img alt="Map indicating locations of Russia and Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Russia_Vietnam_Locator.svg/250px-Russia_Vietnam_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Russia_Vietnam_Locator.svg/375px-Russia_Vietnam_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Russia_Vietnam_Locator.svg/500px-Russia_Vietnam_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/90px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/68px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/90px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey">Diplomatic mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center">Russian embassy, <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;">Vietnamese embassy, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Russia–Vietnam relations</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Российско-вьетнамские отношения</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Rossiysko-v'yetnamskiye otnosheniya</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i lang="vi">Quan hệ Nga – Việt</i>) date back formally to 30 January 1950, when the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Soviet Socialist Republics">Union of Soviet Socialist Republics</a> established an embassy to <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vnembassy_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vnembassy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviet Union was one of the first countries in the world to recognize and formally establish diplomatic relations with Vietnam, laying the foundations for strong and cooperative friendship between the two countries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/International_participation_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="International participation in the Vietnam War">International participation in the Vietnam War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nikita_Khrushchev,_Mao_Zedong,_Ho_Chi_Minh_and_Soong_Ching-ling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Nikita_Khrushchev%2C_Mao_Zedong%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_and_Soong_Ching-ling.jpg/220px-Nikita_Khrushchev%2C_Mao_Zedong%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_and_Soong_Ching-ling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Nikita_Khrushchev%2C_Mao_Zedong%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_and_Soong_Ching-ling.jpg/330px-Nikita_Khrushchev%2C_Mao_Zedong%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_and_Soong_Ching-ling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Nikita_Khrushchev%2C_Mao_Zedong%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_and_Soong_Ching-ling.jpg/440px-Nikita_Khrushchev%2C_Mao_Zedong%2C_Ho_Chi_Minh_and_Soong_Ching-ling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>North Vietnam's leader <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a> with Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> and China's leader <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>, 1959</figcaption></figure> <p>The first Vietnamese appeared in the USSR in the early 1920s. These were students from <a href="/wiki/Communist_International" title="Communist International">Comintern</a> universities, mainly from the <a href="/wiki/Communist_University_of_the_Toilers_of_the_East" title="Communist University of the Toilers of the East">Communist University of the Toilers of the East</a>. About 70 Vietnamese passed through this system of communist education in Soviet Russia. <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a> studied in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> in the 1920s, along with other members of the <a href="/wiki/Indochinese_Communist_Party" title="Indochinese Communist Party">Indochinese Communist Party</a>. </p><p>The Soviet Union was the first country, along with its <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">satellite states in Eastern Europe</a> and the newly established <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>, to diplomatically recognize the <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">Democratic Republic of Vietnam</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a> in January 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> pressured the <a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a> delegation to accept <a href="/wiki/Partition_(politics)" title="Partition (politics)">partition</a> as a compromise solution to the conflict at the <a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a>. Later, in 1964, Soviet Premier <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a> visited <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> to try to dissuade <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Du%E1%BA%A9n" title="Lê Duẩn">Lê Duẩn</a> against escalating the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> against <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the USSR was traditionally one of Vietnam's strongest allies and offered crucial military aid to <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a> during the war. Aid included air-defense equipment such as <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface-to-air missiles">surface-to-air missiles</a>. It also included pilot training and aircraft, such as "some all-weather <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mikoyan_and_MiG_aircraft" title="List of Mikoyan and MiG aircraft">MIG fighters</a>" and several <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-28" title="Ilyushin Il-28">IL-28 light bombers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a>, Vietnam initially sought to balance relations with China on one hand and the USSR on the other.<sup id="cite_ref-:Wang_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Wang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 93">: 93 </span></sup> Vietnamese leadership was to divided over which of the countries to support.<sup id="cite_ref-:Wang_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Wang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 93">: 93 </span></sup> The pro-Soviet group led by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Du%E1%BA%A9n" title="Lê Duẩn">Lê Duẩn</a> eventually developed momentum, especially as China sought to improve its relations with the United States, which Vietnamese leadership viewed as a betrayal of the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="China–Vietnam relations">China-Vietnam relationship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Wang_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Wang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 93">: 93 </span></sup> Vietnam's increasing closeness with the USSR in turn alarmed Chinese leadership, which feared encirclement by the USSR.<sup id="cite_ref-:Wang_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Wang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 93–94">: 93–94 </span></sup> This contributed to China's decision to invade Vietnam, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">1979 Sino-Vietnamese War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Wang_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Wang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 93–94">: 93–94 </span></sup> </p><p>Vietnam joined the <a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Council for Mutual Economic Assistance</a> on June 28, 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-:Wang_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Wang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 94">: 94 </span></sup> Soviet military aid to Vietnam increased from $75-$125 million in 1977 to $600-$800 million in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-:Wang_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Wang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 94">: 94 </span></sup> On November 3, 1978, Vietnam and the Soviet Union signed a formal military alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-:Wang_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Wang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 94">: 94 </span></sup> The Soviet Union supported <a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia</a>, launched in December 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-:Wang_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Wang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 94">: 94 </span></sup> </p><p>The Soviet Union, although it did not take direct military action, provided intelligence and equipment support for Vietnam during the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviets deployed troops at the Sino-Soviet border as an act of showing support to Vietnam, as well as tying up Chinese troops.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Pacific_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Pacific Fleet">Soviet Pacific Fleet</a> also deployed 15 ships to the Vietnamese coast to relay Chinese battlefield communications to Vietnamese forces.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam_and_Russia">Vietnam and Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vietnam and Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Putin_and_General_Secretary_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/President_Putin_and_General_Secretary_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng.jpg/220px-President_Putin_and_General_Secretary_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/President_Putin_and_General_Secretary_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng.jpg/330px-President_Putin_and_General_Secretary_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/President_Putin_and_General_Secretary_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng.jpg/440px-President_Putin_and_General_Secretary_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Vietnam's Communist Party chief <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Nguyễn Phú Trọng">Nguyễn Phú Trọng</a> with Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, 5 September 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1985%E2%80%931991)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Soviet Union (1985–1991)">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> in 1991, friendly relations were established between Vietnam and the Russian Federation, the USSR's main <a href="/wiki/Successor_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Successor state">successor state</a>. Nearly 5% of the official count of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people_in_Russia" title="Vietnamese people in Russia">Vietnamese population in Russia</a> is composed of students with Russian government scholarships.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2001, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Soviet-Vietnam ties, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian president</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> made an official visit to <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, where he was received by <a href="/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">Vietnamese president</a> <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Trần Đức Lương">Trần Đức Lương</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vnembassy_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vnembassy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bilateral trade amounted to <a href="/wiki/United_states_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="United states dollar">$</a>550 million in 2001; Russian exports to Vietnam included machinery and steel, while Vietnam sold textiles and rice. The two countries also maintained relations in the energy sector, with joint venture <a href="/wiki/Vietsovpetro" title="Vietsovpetro">Vietsovpetro</a> pumping <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> from the <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1ch_H%E1%BB%95_oil_field" title="Bạch Hổ oil field">Bạch Hổ oil field</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AsiaTimes_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AsiaTimes-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> became a benefactor to the country during the 1980s until the USSR collapsed in 1991, leaving Vietnam with a weakened ideological, economic and military ally. In rhetoric, Vietnam officially remains one of the world's last communist countries – the communist <a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle" title="Hammer and sickle">hammer-and-sickle</a> flag can still be seen – but it has embraced a "<a href="/wiki/Socialist-oriented_market_economy" title="Socialist-oriented market economy">socialist-oriented market economy</a>" along with Asian and Western investment over the past two decades. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister of Russia">Foreign Minister of Russia</a>, visited Vietnam in July 2009. "Relations between the two countries have developed positively," Lavrov said. "We are convinced that the bilateral cooperation will be at a high level."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2022, at the Kremlin's request, Vietnam has deported several <a href="/wiki/Russian_diaspora" title="Russian diaspora">Russian citizens living in Vietnam</a> because they criticized the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:V%C3%B5_V%C4%83n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_and_Putin_in_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/V%C3%B5_V%C4%83n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_and_Putin_in_2023.jpg/220px-V%C3%B5_V%C4%83n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_and_Putin_in_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/V%C3%B5_V%C4%83n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_and_Putin_in_2023.jpg/330px-V%C3%B5_V%C4%83n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_and_Putin_in_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/V%C3%B5_V%C4%83n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_and_Putin_in_2023.jpg/440px-V%C3%B5_V%C4%83n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng_and_Putin_in_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4829" data-file-height="3219" /></a><figcaption>Vietnamese President <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5_V%C4%83n_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng" title="Võ Văn Thưởng">Võ Văn Thưởng</a> with Russian President Putin, 17 October 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 2022, <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a> met with Vietnamese Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B9i_Thanh_S%C6%A1n" title="Bùi Thanh Sơn">Bùi Thanh Sơn</a> in Hanoi. Lavrov called Vietnam a "key partner" of Russia in <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2022 and February 2023, Vietnam abstained from UN votes to condemn the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vietnamese government told reporters not to say "invasion", and to minimize coverage of the war in Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 21 – 23 May 2023, deputy chairman of Russia's Security Council, <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a>, visited Hanoi and met with Vietnam's <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party</a> chief <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Nguyễn Phú Trọng">Nguyễn Phú Trọng</a>. They discussed the strengthening of ties between Russia and Vietnam and the current international situation.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 – 20 June 2024, Russian President Vladimir Putin visited Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He met with Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV)'s General Secretary <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Nguyễn Phú Trọng">Nguyễn Phú Trọng</a> and President <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m" title="Tô Lâm">Tô Lâm</a>. Putin thanked Vietnam for its "balanced position" on the Ukrainian crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Vietnamese officials, Putin "is expected to announce agreements in sectors including trade, investment, technology and education," and talks will also focus on energy and arms.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_cooperation">Military cooperation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Military cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A1_238_%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9F_%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%90,_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_1967_%D0%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A1_238_%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9F_%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%90%2C_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_1967_%D0%B3.jpg/220px-%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A1_238_%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9F_%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%90%2C_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_1967_%D0%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A1_238_%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9F_%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%90%2C_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_1967_%D0%B3.jpg/330px-%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A1_238_%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9F_%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%90%2C_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_1967_%D0%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A1_238_%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9F_%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%90%2C_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_1967_%D0%B3.jpg/440px-%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%A1_238_%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9F_%D0%92%D0%9D%D0%90%2C_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_1967_%D0%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1426" data-file-height="1045" /></a><figcaption>A regimental group of Soviet military specialists with the 238th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment of the VPA.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putin_in_Vietnam_in_2006-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Putin_in_Vietnam_in_2006-2.jpg/170px-Putin_in_Vietnam_in_2006-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Putin_in_Vietnam_in_2006-2.jpg/255px-Putin_in_Vietnam_in_2006-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Putin_in_Vietnam_in_2006-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Minh_Tri%E1%BA%BFt" title="Nguyễn Minh Triết">Nguyễn Minh Triết</a>.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putin_in_Vietnam_in_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Putin_in_Vietnam_in_2006.jpg/220px-Putin_in_Vietnam_in_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Putin_in_Vietnam_in_2006.jpg/330px-Putin_in_Vietnam_in_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Putin_in_Vietnam_in_2006.jpg/440px-Putin_in_Vietnam_in_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Vladimir Putin during the official welcome ceremony to Vietnam in 2006.</figcaption></figure> <p>The military cooperation between the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a> and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">People's Army of Vietnam</a> had fallen off since the dissolution of the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-AsiaTimes_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AsiaTimes-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An increasingly more assertive <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> in its claims to the <a href="/wiki/Spratly_Islands_dispute" title="Spratly Islands dispute">Spratly Islands dispute</a> has prompted Vietnam to gradually deepen its <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="India–Vietnam relations">strategic relationship</a> with <a href="/wiki/India-Vietnam_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="India-Vietnam relations">India</a>, another long-standing USSR and Russian partner and ally, and Russia itself,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the Russian government recently signing several military contracts with Vietnam involving the sale of six <a href="/wiki/Varshavyanka-class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Varshavyanka-class submarine">Varshavyanka-class submarines</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and twelve new <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30MKK" title="Sukhoi Su-30MKK">Sukhoi Su-30MK2</a> multirole fighter aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Russian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> approved of a draft Russian-Vietnamese military cooperation pact towards the end of August 2013 formalizing the two nations' defense cooperation.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2014, against the backdrop of intensified diplomatic confrontation between Russia and the West referred to by some as <a href="/wiki/Cold_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold War II">Cold War II</a>, an agreement was signed by Russia and Vietnam that significantly simplified the use of the <a href="/wiki/Cam_Ranh_Base" title="Cam Ranh Base">Cam Ranh Base</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a>. According to the US, Russia's intensified <a href="/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" title="Russian Air Force">air force</a> activities in the region that relied on the use of the base to refuel its nuclear-capable <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bomber" title="Strategic bomber">strategic bombers</a> <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">TU-95</a>, engaged in "provocative" flights, including around <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, home to a major <a href="/wiki/Joint_Region_Marianas" title="Joint Region Marianas">US air and naval installation</a>. In March 2015, according to the US, these actions caused the US military command to publicly voice concern and acknowledge its diplomatic intervention regarding the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-Stopflights_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stopflights-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vladimir Putin has stated Vietnam as his "important ally" and will furthermore hope to resume military cooperation in the future. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cam_Ranh_Base">Cam Ranh Base</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cam Ranh Base"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a> had until 2002<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maintained a presence in Vietnam at the US-built <a href="/wiki/Cam_Ranh_Base" title="Cam Ranh Base">military base</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cam_Ranh_Bay" title="Cam Ranh Bay">Cam Ranh Bay</a> which had been turned over to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Vietnam_Navy" title="Republic of Vietnam Navy">Republic of Vietnam Navy</a> and captured by <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnamese</a> forces in 1975. By 1987, the Soviets expanded the base to four times its original size. The Soviet Union and Vietnam officially denied the base's existence.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988, the Soviet Foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a> discussed the option of withdrawal from Cam Ranh Bay, and the reduction in forces was effected by 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Russian military presence no longer exist at Cam Ranh Bay, Russia is currently still using the existing base as a supply station allowed by the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy" title="Vietnam People's Navy">Vietnam People's Navy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_military_specialists">Soviet military specialists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Soviet military specialists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A group of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Armed_Forces" title="Soviet Armed Forces">Soviet Armed Forces</a> military specialists in Vietnam came at the invitation of Ho Chi Minh personally to render military and engineering assistance to the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_People%27s_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese People's Army">Vietnamese People's Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Куминов_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Куминов-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From July 1965 to December 1974, more than 6000 generals and officers and more than 4,500 soldiers were sent to Vietnam as specialists. Small contingents of auxiliary forces from other states like <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> accompanied the Soviets.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1975-2002, forty-four Soviet servicemen were killed in Vietnam, mainly in aviation accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-Мемориал-Камрань_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Мемориал-Камрань-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_polls">Opinion polls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Opinion polls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_in_Vietnam_1-2_March_2001-23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Vladimir_Putin_in_Vietnam_1-2_March_2001-23.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Vietnam_1-2_March_2001-23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Vladimir_Putin_in_Vietnam_1-2_March_2001-23.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Vietnam_1-2_March_2001-23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Vladimir_Putin_in_Vietnam_1-2_March_2001-23.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Vietnam_1-2_March_2001-23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Putin and <a href="/wiki/Victor_Zolotov" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Zolotov">Victor Zolotov</a> in Vietnam, March 2001</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2017, 83% of Vietnamese had a favorable view of Russia and 89% of Vietnamese had a favorable view of Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bilateral_trade_and_investment">Bilateral trade and investment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bilateral trade and investment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vietnam in 2008 approved the use of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Vietnam" title="Nuclear power in Vietnam">atomic power for civilian purposes</a>, and Russia has already said it would like to take part in the planned programme. Khiem said the two sides also reaffirmed their traditional relations in other fields, including defence. That report came after the Russian newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a></i> said Vietnam was also about to sign a deal for six Russian <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with the <a href="/wiki/Gepard-class_frigate" title="Gepard-class frigate">Gepard class frigate</a> and a joint production in anti ship missiles as military ties are growing again. </p><p>Vietnam's President Triet, on a visit to Moscow in October 2008, signed a pact for Vietnamese and Russian firms to develop energy fields off the Vietnam coast. In the telecommunications sector, Russia's <a href="/wiki/VimpelCom" class="mw-redirect" title="VimpelCom">VimpelCom</a> on mid-July 2009 announced the commercial launch in Vietnam of its <a href="/wiki/Beeline_(brand)" title="Beeline (brand)">Beeline</a> mobile service through <a href="/w/index.php?title=GTEL-Mobile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GTEL-Mobile (page does not exist)">GTEL-Mobile</a>, a joint venture with a Vietnamese state-owned company. Lavrov was to travel Sunday July 26 to southern <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a> to meet local government officials there.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 2000s, Russian influence in Vietnam has begun to grow again but remains far below that of Soviet times. On Saturday July 25, Vietnam and Russia signed a memorandum of understanding between their respective atomic energy agencies but no details were released. "Cooperation on atomic energy will be a priority", Lavrov said.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospital_Friendship_Hanoi_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Hospital_Friendship_Hanoi_2018.jpg/220px-Hospital_Friendship_Hanoi_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Hospital_Friendship_Hanoi_2018.jpg/330px-Hospital_Friendship_Hanoi_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Hospital_Friendship_Hanoi_2018.jpg/440px-Hospital_Friendship_Hanoi_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2007" data-file-height="1384" /></a><figcaption><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%87nh_vi%E1%BB%87n_H%E1%BB%AFu_Ngh%E1%BB%8B" class="extiw" title="vi:Bệnh viện Hữu Nghị">Vietnam-Soviet Friendship Hospital</a> in Hanoi</figcaption></figure> <p>Preliminary Vietnamese government data show that exports to Russia totalled almost 139 million dollars in the first five months of 2009 while imports were valued at about $525 million. Vietnam's former wartime enemy, the United States, which normalised <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="United States–Vietnam relations">diplomatic ties</a> in 1995, received Vietnamese exports worth more than $4 billion in the first five months, the data showed. Imports exceeded $932 million.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2012 trade between the two nations has reached $3.5 billion </p><p>In March 2013, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Community" title="Eurasian Economic Community">Eurasian Economic Community</a> minister of trade <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrey_Slepnev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrey Slepnev (page does not exist)">Andrey Slepnev</a> visited Hanoi to open talks on the possibility of Vietnam joining the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Customs_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian Customs Union">Eurasian Customs Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2021, it was decided to create favourable conditions for the effective operation of <a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zarubezhneft" title="Zarubezhneft">Zarubezhneft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novatek" title="Novatek">Novatek</a> in Vietnam and <a href="/wiki/Petrovietnam" title="Petrovietnam">PetroVietnam</a> in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trade remains an important tool in enhancing bilateral ties.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_missions">Diplomatic missions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Diplomatic missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Russia_to_Vietnam" title="List of ambassadors of Russia to Vietnam">List of ambassadors of Russia to Vietnam</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <dl><dt>Of Vietnam</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (Embassy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Ekaterinburg</a> (Consulate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a> (Consulate)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <dl><dt>Of Russia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> (Embassy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a> (Consulate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a> (Consulate)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="United States–Vietnam relations">United States–Vietnam relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Vietnam–European Union relations">Vietnam–European Union relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="China–Vietnam relations">China–Vietnam relations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vnembassy-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vnembassy_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vnembassy_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vietnamembassy-usa.org/news/story.php?d=20010305003822">"Vietnam-Russia traditional ties reach new heights"</a>. Embassy of Vietnam in the United States of America. 2001-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vietnam-Russia+traditional+ties+reach+new+heights&rft.date=2001-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vietnamembassy-usa.org%2Fnews%2Fstory.php%3Fd%3D20010305003822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley2010" class="citation cs2">Bradley, Mark Philip (2010-12-31), Anderson, David L. (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/ande13480-003/html">"1. Setting the Stage: Vietnamese Revolutionary Nationalism and the First Vietnam War"</a>, <i>The Columbia History of the Vietnam War</i>, Columbia University Press, pp. 93–119, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7312%2Fande13480-003">10.7312/ande13480-003</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13480-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13480-4"><bdi>978-0-231-13480-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-09</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Columbia+History+of+the+Vietnam+War&rft.atitle=1.+Setting+the+Stage%3A+Vietnamese+Revolutionary+Nationalism+and+the+First+Vietnam+War&rft.pages=93-119&rft.date=2010-12-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7312%2Fande13480-003&rft.isbn=978-0-231-13480-4&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Mark+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.7312%2Fande13480-003%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHastings2018" class="citation book cs1">Hastings, Max (2018). <i>Vietnam: An Epic Tragedy, 1945-1975</i>. New York: Harper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0062405661" title="Special:BookSources/978-0062405661"><bdi>978-0062405661</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+An+Epic+Tragedy%2C+1945-1975&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0062405661&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000652931.pdf">"CIA Special Report: Status of Soviet and Chinese Support to North Vietnam"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+Special+Report%3A+Status+of+Soviet+and+Chinese+Support+to+North+Vietnam.&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FDOC_0000652931.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Wang-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:Wang_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Wang_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Wang_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Wang_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Wang_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Wang_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Wang_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Wang_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Wang_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang2024" class="citation book cs1">Wang, Frances Yaping (2024). <i>The Art of State Persuasion: China's Strategic Use of Media in Interstate Disputes</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197757512" title="Special:BookSources/9780197757512"><bdi>9780197757512</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+State+Persuasion%3A+China%27s+Strategic+Use+of+Media+in+Interstate+Disputes&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9780197757512&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Frances+Yaping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dantri.com.vn/the-gioi/lien-xo-chia-lua-voi-viet-nam-trong-chien-tranh-bien-gioi-the-nao-1368336169.htm">"Liên Xô "chia lửa" với Việt Nam trong chiến tranh biên giới thế nào?"</a>. <i>dantri.com.vn</i>. 7 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150705210313/http://dantri.com.vn/the-gioi/lien-xo-chia-lua-voi-viet-nam-trong-chien-tranh-bien-gioi-the-nao-727510.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://thediplomat.com/2022/03/how-did-asian-countries-vote-on-the-uns-ukraine-resolution/">"How Did Asian Countries Vote on the UN's Ukraine Resolution?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat" title="The Diplomat">The Diplomat</a></i>. 3 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=How+Did+Asian+Countries+Vote+on+the+UN%27s+Ukraine+Resolution%3F&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2022%2F03%2Fhow-did-asian-countries-vote-on-the-uns-ukraine-resolution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/russias-putin-praises-vietnam-its-stance-ukraine-2024-06-19/">"Russia's Putin praises Vietnam for its stance on Ukraine"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 19 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Putin+praises+Vietnam+for+its+stance+on+Ukraine&rft.date=2024-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Frussias-putin-praises-vietnam-its-stance-ukraine-2024-06-19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Russians+in+Vietnam%3A+U.S.+sees+a+threat&rft.date=1987-03-01&rft.aulast=Trainor&rft.aufirst=Bernard+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9B0DE3D81F3FF932A35750C0A961948260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMydans1988" class="citation news cs1">Mydans, Seth (1988-12-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE3DE1130F930A15751C1A96E948260">"Soviets Hint at Leaving Cam Ranh Bay"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Soviets+Hint+at+Leaving+Cam+Ranh+Bay&rft.date=1988-12-23&rft.aulast=Mydans&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D940DE3DE1130F930A15751C1A96E948260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisman1990" class="citation news cs1">Weisman, Steven R. (1990-06-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE7DA103FF937A35755C0A966958260">"Japanese-U.S. Relations Undergoing a Redesign"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Japanese-U.S.+Relations+Undergoing+a+Redesign&rft.date=1990-06-04&rft.aulast=Weisman&rft.aufirst=Steven+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9C0CE7DA103FF937A35755C0A966958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Куминов-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Куминов_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКуминов_И._Я.2000" class="citation book cs1">Куминов И. Я. (2000). "Советская военно-техническая помощь Вьетнаму в годы войны". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblio.nhat-nam.ru/Voina_vo_Vietname_Conference-2000.pdf"><i>Война во Вьетнаме: Взгляд сквозь годы</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Без грифа «секретно» (Материалы научно-практической конференции «Советско-вьетнамское военное и экономическое сотрудничество в годы агрессии США против ДРВ (1963—1973 гг.)» <span class="nowrap">400 экз</span> ed.). М.: Межрегиональная общественная организация ветеранов войны во Вьетнаме. pp. 39–45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D1%8C+%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%3A+%D0%92%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4+%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B&rft.place=%D0%9C.&rft.series=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0+%C2%AB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%C2%BB&rft.pages=39-45&rft.edition=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2+%D0%94%D0%A0%D0%92+%281963%E2%80%941973+%D0%B3%D0%B3.%29%C2%BB+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E400+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B7%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pub=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5&rft.date=2000&rft.au=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%98.+%D0%AF.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblio.nhat-nam.ru%2FVoina_vo_Vietname_Conference-2000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|agency=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЛященко_А.2003" class="citation journal cs1">Лященко А. (29 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.redstar.ru/2003/07/29_07/3_02.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Буря на Карибах"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Krasnai︠a︡ Zvezda : T︠s︡entralýĭ Organ Revoli︠u︡t︠s︡ionnogo Voennogo Soveta SSSR</i> (Центральный печатный орган <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Министерство обороны Российской Федерации">Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</a>) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Красная звезда (газета) (page does not exist)">Красная звезда</a> ed.). М.: Редакционно-издательский центр МО РФ. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0023-4559">0023-4559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Krasnai%EF%B8%A0a%EF%B8%A1+Zvezda+%3A+T%EF%B8%A0s%EF%B8%A1entral%C3%BD%C4%AD+Organ+Revoli%EF%B8%A0u%EF%B8%A1t%EF%B8%A0s%EF%B8%A1ionnogo+Voennogo+Soveta+SSSR&rft.atitle=%22%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%85%22&rft.date=2003-07-29&rft.issn=0023-4559&rft.au=%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%90.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.redstar.ru%2F2003%2F07%2F29_07%2F3_02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFИванов_С._В.2000" class="citation book cs1">Иванов С. В. (2000). "Годы учёбы". <i>Боевое применение МиГ-17, МиГ-19 во Вьетнаме</i>. Война в воздухе. М.: ООО «АРС». p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D0%B1%D1%8B&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%93-17%2C+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%93-19+%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%92%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5&rft.place=%D0%9C.&rft.series=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B5&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9E+%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A1%C2%BB&rft.date=2000&rft.au=%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A1.+%D0%92.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Мемориал-Камрань-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Мемориал-Камрань_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFНгуен_Куинь_Хыонг.2009" class="citation journal cs1">Нгуен Куинь Хыонг. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhat-nam.ru/vietnamwar/vietnam21.html">"Открытие Мемориала в Камрани"</a> (Иллюстрированный журнал. Печатный орган Министерства культуры СРВ и вьетнамского комитета по культурным связям с зарубежными странами) (Вьетнам ed.). Ханой: Вьетнамское информационное агентство. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1728-726X">1728-726X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=1728-726X&rft.au=%D0%9D%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D0%A5%D1%8B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhat-nam.ru%2Fvietnamwar%2Fvietnam21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2022/03/explaining-the-vietnamese-publics-mixed-responses-to-the-russia-ukraine-crisis/">"Explaining the Vietnamese Public's Mixed Responses to the Russia-Ukraine Crisis"</a>. <i>The Diplomat</i>. 18 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=Explaining+the+Vietnamese+Public%27s+Mixed+Responses+to+the+Russia-Ukraine+Crisis&rft.date=2022-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2022%2F03%2Fexplaining-the-vietnamese-publics-mixed-responses-to-the-russia-ukraine-crisis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2017/08/16/publics-worldwide-unfavorable-toward-putin-russia/">"Publics Worldwide Unfavorable Toward Putin, Russia"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center</i>. 16 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Publics+Worldwide+Unfavorable+Toward+Putin%2C+Russia&rft.date=2017-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fglobal%2F2017%2F08%2F16%2Fpublics-worldwide-unfavorable-toward-putin-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/18/anti-western-and-hyper-macho-putins-appeal-in-southeast-asia">"Anti-Western and hyper macho, Putin's appeal in Southeast Asia"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 18 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Anti-Western+and+hyper+macho%2C+Putin%E2%80%99s+appeal+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.date=2022-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F11%2F18%2Fanti-western-and-hyper-macho-putins-appeal-in-southeast-asia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.vietnamnet.vn/politics/2009/07/859740/">Russian FM to visits Vietnam</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090727103342/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/politics/2009/07/859740/">Archived</a> 2009-07-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qnaol.net/QNAEn/News_bulletin/News/Pages/09-07-23-1521_967_0023.aspx">Russian FM to visits Vietnam</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=14164180&PageNum=0">Lavrov begins visit for ASEAN Regional Forum</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thanhniennews.com/politics/?catid=1&newsid=51067">Russia, Vietnam talk 60th anniversary celebrations</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederov2013" class="citation news cs1">Federov, Gleb (2013-03-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130410011906/http://rbth.asia/world/2013/03/28/vietnam_may_join_the_customs_union_45603.html">"Vietnam may join the Customs Union"</a>. <i>Russia Beyond The Headlines</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbth.asia/world/2013/03/28/vietnam_may_join_the_customs_union_45603.html">the original</a> on 2013-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russia+Beyond+The+Headlines&rft.atitle=Vietnam+may+join+the+Customs+Union&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft.aulast=Federov&rft.aufirst=Gleb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbth.asia%2Fworld%2F2013%2F03%2F28%2Fvietnam_may_join_the_customs_union_45603.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130410011843/http://rbth.asia/news/2013/03/28/free_trade_zone_with_vietnam_mutual_benefits_45619.html">"Free trade zone with Vietnam: mutual benefits"</a>. <i>Russia Beyond The Headlines</i>. 2013-03-28. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbth.asia/news/2013/03/28/free_trade_zone_with_vietnam_mutual_benefits_45619.html">the original</a> on 2013-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russia+Beyond+The+Headlines&rft.atitle=Free+trade+zone+with+Vietnam%3A+mutual+benefits&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbth.asia%2Fnews%2F2013%2F03%2F28%2Ffree_trade_zone_with_vietnam_mutual_benefits_45619.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.com/economy/1343321">"Russia, Vietnam, confirm determination to enhance strategic partnership — Lavrov"</a>. <i>TASS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TASS&rft.atitle=Russia%2C+Vietnam%2C+confirm+determination+to+enhance+strategic+partnership+%E2%80%94+Lavrov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.com%2Feconomy%2F1343321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVietnamPlus2021" class="citation web cs1">VietnamPlus (2021-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.vietnamplus.vn/president-wishes-to-lift-trade-with-russia-by-15-times/216442.vnp">"President wishes to lift trade with Russia by 15 times | Business | Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus)"</a>. <i>VietnamPlus</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VietnamPlus&rft.atitle=President+wishes+to+lift+trade+with+Russia+by+15+times+%7C+Business+%7C+Vietnam%2B+%28VietnamPlus%29&rft.date=2021-12-01&rft.au=VietnamPlus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.vietnamplus.vn%2Fpresident-wishes-to-lift-trade-with-russia-by-15-times%2F216442.vnp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussia%E2%80%93Vietnam+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Vietnamese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.gov.vn/vi/cn_vakv/euro/nr040819111648">Documents on the Russia–Vietnam relationship at the Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vietnamvisacorp.com/tips/how-to-apply-for-vietnam-visa-from-russia.html">Vietnam visa from Russia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diplomatic_missions_2">Diplomatic missions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Diplomatic missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian and Vietnamese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vietnam.mid.ru/">Embassy of Russia in Hanoi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vietnamembassy-russia.org">Embassy of Vietnam in Moscow</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danang.mid.ru">Consulate General of Russia in Danang</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English and Vietnamese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vietnamconsulate-vladivostok.org">Consulate-General of Vietnam in Vladivostok</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia" title="Foreign relations of Russia">Foreign relations of Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Algeria–Russia relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Angola–Russia relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Benin–Russia relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Botswana–Russia relations">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Burkina Faso–Russia relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Burundi–Russia relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Cameroon–Russia relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Central African Republic–Russia relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–Russia relations">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Republic of the Congo–Russia relations">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Djibouti–Russia relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Egypt–Russia relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Equatorial Guinea–Russia relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Eritrea–Russia relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Eswatini–Russia relations">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Russia relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia–Russia relations">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ghana–Russia relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Guinea-Bissau–Russia relations">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ivory Coast–Russia relations">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Kenya–Russia relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Lesotho–Russia relations">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Libya–Russia relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Madagascar–Russia relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Mali–Russia relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Mauritania–Russia relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Mauritius–Russia relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Morocco–Russia relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Mozambique–Russia relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Namibia–Russia relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Nigeria–Russia relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Rwanda_relations" title="Russia–Rwanda relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Senegal_relations" title="Russia–Senegal relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Seychelles_relations" title="Russia–Seychelles relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="Russia–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Russia–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93South_Sudan_relations" title="Russia–South Sudan relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="Russia–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="Russia–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="Russia–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Uganda_relations" title="Russia–Uganda relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="Russia–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="Russia–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Argentina–Russia relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Bolivia–Russia relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Brazil–Russia relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Canada–Russia relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Chile–Russia relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Colombia–Russia relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Costa Rica–Russia relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Cuba–Russia relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ecuador–Russia relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Guatemala–Russia relations">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Guyana–Russia relations">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Honduras–Russia relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Mexico–Russia relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Nicaragua–Russia relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Panama–Russia relations">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Paraguay–Russia relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Peru–Russia relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Trinidad_and_Tobago_relations" title="Russia–Trinidad and Tobago relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russian Empire–United States relations">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Russia–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Russia–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Afghanistan–Russia relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Armenia–Russia relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Russia relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Bahrain–Russia relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Bangladesh–Russia relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Bhutan–Russia relations">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Brunei–Russia relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Cambodia–Russia relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="China–Russia relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="East Timor–Russia relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Georgia–Russia relations">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Abkhazia–Russia relations">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93South_Ossetia_relations" title="Russia–South Ossetia relations">South Ossetia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="India–Russia relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Indonesia–Russia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Iran–Russia relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Iraq–Russia relations">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Kurdistan Region–Russia relations">Kurdistan Region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Israel–Russia relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Japan–Russia relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Jordan–Russia relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Kazakhstan–Russia relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Kuwait–Russia relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Kyrgyzstan–Russia relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Laos–Russia relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Lebanon–Russia relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Malaysia–Russia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Maldives–Russia relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Mongolia–Russia relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Myanmar–Russia relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Nepal–Russia relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="North Korea–Russia relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Oman–Russia relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Pakistan–Russia relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Palestine–Russia relations">Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Hamas_relations" title="Russia–Hamas relations">Hamas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Philippines–Russia relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Qatar–Russia relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Russia–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Russia–Singapore relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Russia–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="Russia–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Russia–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Russia–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Tajikistan_relations" title="Russia–Tajikistan relations">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Russia–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Russia–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Turkmenistan_relations" title="Russia–Turkmenistan relations">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Russia–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="Russia–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="Russia–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Albania–Russia relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Austria–Russia relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Belarus–Russia relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Belgium–Russia relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Russia relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Bulgaria–Russia relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Croatia–Russia relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Cyprus–Russia relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Czech Republic–Russia relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Denmark–Russia relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Estonia–Russia relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Finland–Russia relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="France–Russia relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Germany–Russia relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Greece–Russia relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Hungary–Russia relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Iceland–Russia relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Ireland–Russia relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Italy–Russia relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Latvia–Russia relations">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Liechtenstein–Russia relations">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Lithuania–Russia relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Luxembourg–Russia relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Malta–Russia relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Moldova–Russia relations">Moldova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Transnistria_relations" title="Russia–Transnistria relations">Transnistria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Monaco–Russia relations">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Montenegro–Russia relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Netherlands–Russia relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="North Macedonia–Russia relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Norway–Russia relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Poland–Russia relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Portugal–Russia relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Romania–Russia relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Russia–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="Russia–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Slovenia_relations" title="Russia–Slovenia relations">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Russia–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Russia–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Russia–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Donetsk People's Republic–Russia relations">Donetsk PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Luhansk People's Republic–Russia relations">Luhansk PR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Russia–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Holy See–Russia relations">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Australia–Russia relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Fiji–Russia relations">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Nauru–Russia relations">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="New Zealand–Russia relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Tonga_relations" title="Russia–Tonga relations">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Vanuatu_relations" title="Russia–Vanuatu relations">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multilateral relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Russia–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Russia and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_policy_of_Russia" title="Arctic policy of Russia">Arctic policy of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russia_and_the_Antarctic" title="Category:Russia and the Antarctic">Russia and the Antarctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Abroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Near Abroad">Near Abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:70px;"><div id="Diplomacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)">Foreign Minister</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Russia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Russia">Diplomatic missions of Russia</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Russia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Russia">in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector" title="Russia in the European energy sector">European energy sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_military_cooperation_agreements_with_other_countries" title="List of Russian military cooperation agreements with other countries">Military Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Russia" title="Category:Treaties of Russia">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine_of_Russia" title="Military doctrine of Russia">Military doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Vietnam&#124;link=Vietnam_Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Foreign relations of Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Vietnam&#124;link=Vietnam_Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign relations of Vietnam">Foreign relations of Vietnam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Algeria–Vietnam relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Angola–Vietnam relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Kenya–Vietnam relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Libya–Vietnam relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Madagascar–Vietnam relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Tanzania–Vietnam relations">Tanzania</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Coat of arms of Vietnam"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg/90px-Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg/135px-Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg/180px-Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="529" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Canada–Vietnam relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Chile–Vietnam relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Cuba–Vietnam relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Mexico–Vietnam relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Peru–Vietnam relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="United States–Vietnam relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Uruguay–Vietnam relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Venezuela–Vietnam relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Afghanistan–Vietnam relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Bangladesh–Vietnam relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Brunei–Vietnam relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Cambodia–Vietnam relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="China–Vietnam relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="India–Vietnam relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Indonesia–Vietnam relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Iran–Vietnam relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Iraq–Vietnam relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Israel–Vietnam relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Japan–Vietnam relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Laos–Vietnam relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Malaysia–Vietnam relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Mongolia–Vietnam relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Myanmar–Vietnam relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="North Korea–Vietnam relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Pakistan–Vietnam relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Palestine–Vietnam relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Philippines–Vietnam relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Qatar–Vietnam relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Vietnam relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Singapore–Vietnam relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="South Korea–Vietnam relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Taiwan–Vietnam relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Thailand–Vietnam relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Turkey–Vietnam relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="United Arab Emirates–Vietnam relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Austria–Vietnam relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Belarus–Vietnam relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Bulgaria–Vietnam relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Czech Republic–Vietnam relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Denmark–Vietnam relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Finland–Vietnam relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="France–Vietnam relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Germany–Vietnam relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Greece–Vietnam relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Holy See–Vietnam relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Hungary–Vietnam relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Italy–Vietnam relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Luxembourg–Vietnam relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Poland–Vietnam relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Slovakia–Vietnam relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Spain–Vietnam relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Ukraine–Vietnam relations">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Australia–Vietnam relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="New Zealand–Vietnam relations">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Vietnam–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Vietnam–European Union relations">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memberships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_and_the_International_Monetary_Fund" title="Vietnam and the International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong%E2%80%93Ganga_Cooperation" title="Mekong–Ganga Cooperation">Mekong–Ganga Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization (WTO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Vietnam" title="List of diplomatic missions of Vietnam">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Vietnam" title="List of diplomatic missions in Vietnam">in Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_diplomacy" title="Bamboo diplomacy">Bamboo diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Vietnam" title="Foreign aid to Vietnam">Foreign aid to Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Vietnamese" title="Overseas Vietnamese">Overseas Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en">Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation_(APEC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Template:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Template talk:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation_(APEC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>¹</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Australia_1989" title="APEC Australia 1989">1989</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Singapore_1990&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Singapore 1990 (page does not exist)">1990</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Republic_of_Korea_1991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Republic of Korea 1991 (page does not exist)">1991</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Thailand_1992&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Thailand 1992 (page does not exist)">1992</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_United_States_1993&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC United States 1993 (page does not exist)">1993</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Indonesia_1994" title="APEC Indonesia 1994">1994</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Japan_1995&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Japan 1995 (page does not exist)">1995</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Philippines_1996" title="APEC Philippines 1996">1996</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Canada_1997" title="APEC Canada 1997">1997</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Malaysia_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Malaysia 1998 (page does not exist)">1998</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_New_Zealand_1999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC New Zealand 1999 (page does not exist)">1999</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Brunei_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Brunei 2000 (page does not exist)">2000</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_China_2001" title="APEC China 2001">2001</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Mexico_2002" title="APEC Mexico 2002">2002</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Thailand_2003" title="APEC Thailand 2003">2003</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Chile_2004" title="APEC Chile 2004">2004</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_South_Korea_2005" title="APEC South Korea 2005">2005</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Vietnam_2006" title="APEC Vietnam 2006">2006</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Australia_2007" title="APEC Australia 2007">2007</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Peru_2008" title="APEC Peru 2008">2008</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Singapore_2009" title="APEC Singapore 2009">2009</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Japan_2010" title="APEC Japan 2010">2010</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_United_States_2011" title="APEC United States 2011">2011</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Russia_2012" title="APEC Russia 2012">2012</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Indonesia_2013" title="APEC Indonesia 2013">2013</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_China_2014" title="APEC China 2014">2014</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Philippines_2015" title="APEC Philippines 2015">2015</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Peru_2016" title="APEC Peru 2016">2016</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Vietnam_2017" title="APEC Vietnam 2017">2017</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Papua_New_Guinea_2018" title="APEC Papua New Guinea 2018">2018</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Chile_2019" title="APEC Chile 2019">2019</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Malaysia_2020" title="APEC Malaysia 2020">2020</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_New_Zealand_2021" title="APEC New Zealand 2021">2021</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Thailand_2022" title="APEC Thailand 2022">2022</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_United_States_2023" title="APEC United States 2023">2023</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Peru_2024" title="APEC Peru 2024">2024</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Business_Travel_Card" title="APEC Business Travel Card">APEC Business Travel Card</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_blue" title="APEC blue">APEC blue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Climate_Center" title="APEC Climate Center">APEC Climate Center</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Sculpture_Garden" title="APEC Sculpture Garden">APEC Sculpture Garden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/APEC_Youth_Science_Festival" title="APEC Youth Science Festival">APEC Youth Science Festival</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><small>1. A <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">special administrative region of China</a>, participates as "Hong Kong, China"</small></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russia–Vietnam_relations&oldid=1258993692">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russia–Vietnam_relations&oldid=1258993692</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russia%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Category:Russia–Vietnam relations">Russia–Vietnam relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bilateral_relations_of_Russia" title="Category:Bilateral relations of Russia">Bilateral relations of Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bilateral_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Category:Bilateral relations of Vietnam">Bilateral relations of Vietnam</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_April_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2018">Articles with dead external links from April 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter" title="Category:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter">CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from October 2024">Articles with dead external links from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Vietnamese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Vietnamese-language text">Articles containing Vietnamese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:Articles with Russian-language sources (ru)">Articles with Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Vietnamese-language_sources_(vi)" title="Category:Articles with Vietnamese-language sources (vi)">Articles with Vietnamese-language sources (vi)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 20:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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