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id="toc-1925–1933:_United_Artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Swanson_Producing_Corporation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swanson_Producing_Corporation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Swanson Producing Corporation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swanson_Producing_Corporation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gloria_Swanson_Productions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gloria_Swanson_Productions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Gloria Swanson Productions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gloria_Swanson_Productions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gloria_Productions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gloria_Productions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 Gloria Productions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gloria_Productions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Artists_stars_on_the_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Artists_stars_on_the_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.4 United Artists stars on the radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Artists_stars_on_the_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gloria_Swanson_British_Productions_Ltd." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gloria_Swanson_British_Productions_Ltd."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.5 Gloria Swanson British Productions Ltd. </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gloria_Swanson_British_Productions_Ltd.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1938–1950:_Creating_new_paths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1938–1950:_Creating_new_paths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1938–1950: Creating new paths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1938–1950:_Creating_new_paths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1950–1977:_Later_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950–1977:_Later_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 1950–1977: Later career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950–1977:_Later_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sunset_Boulevard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunset_Boulevard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Sunset Boulevard </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sunset_Boulevard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.2 Final films </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_and_theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_and_theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.3 Television and theatre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_and_theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriages_and_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriages_and_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Marriages and relationships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriages_and_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wallace_Beery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wallace_Beery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Wallace Beery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wallace_Beery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herbert_K._Somborn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herbert_K._Somborn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Herbert K. Somborn </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herbert_K._Somborn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Henri_de_la_Falaise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Henri_de_la_Falaise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 Henri de la Falaise </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Henri_de_la_Falaise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.4 Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Michael_Farmer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Michael_Farmer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.5 Michael Farmer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Michael_Farmer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herbert_Marshall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herbert_Marshall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.6 Herbert Marshall </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herbert_Marshall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-William_M._Davey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#William_M._Davey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.7 William M. Davey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-William_M._Davey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-William_Dufty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#William_Dufty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.8 William Dufty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-William_Dufty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Honors and legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Portrayals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portrayals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Stage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Filmography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Filmography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shorts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shorts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Shorts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shorts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Features </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Television </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Awards and nominations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 General </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Interviews </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Gloria Swanson</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" > 76 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="غلوريا سوانسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غلوريا سوانسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="قلوریا سوانسون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قلوریا سوانسون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="গ্লোরিয়া সোয়ানসন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্লোরিয়া সোয়ানসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глория Свенсон – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Глория Свенсон" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Глорыя Свенсан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Глорыя Свенсан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Глория Суонсън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Глория Суонсън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swansonov%C3%A1" title="Gloria Swansonová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gloria Swansonová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BB%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Γκλόρια Σουάνσον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκλόρια Σουάνσον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="گلوریا سوانسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گلوریا سوانسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%84%EC%8A%A8" title="글로리아 스완슨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="글로리아 스완슨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1_%D5%8D%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Գլորիա Սվանսոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գլորիա Սվանսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="גלוריה סוונסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גלוריה סוונסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="გლორია სვენსონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გლორია სვენსონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глория Свенсон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Глория Свенсон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorija_Svansone" title="Glorija Svansone – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Glorija Svansone" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BA" title="ഗ്ലോറിയ സ്വാൻസൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്ലോറിയ സ്വാൻസൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्लोरिया स्वान्सन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्लोरिया स्वान्सन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="جلوريا سوانسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جلوريا سوانسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глориа Свансон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Глориа Свансон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="グロリア・スワンソン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グロリア・スワンソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8" title="ਗਲੋਰੀਆ ਮੇ ਜੋਸੇਫਾਈਨ ਸਵੈਨਸਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਲੋਰੀਆ ਮੇ ਜੋਸੇਫਾਈਨ ਸਵੈਨਸਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Свенсон, Глория – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Свенсон, Глория" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swansonov%C3%A1" title="Gloria Swansonová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gloria Swansonová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" title="گلۆریا سوانسن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گلۆریا سوانسن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глорија Свансон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Глорија Свансон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="குளோரியா சுவான்சன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குளோரியா சுவான்சன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глория Свенсон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Глория Свенсон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="గ్లోరియా స్వాన్సన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్లోరియా స్వాన్సన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Глорія Свенсон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Глорія Свенсон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" title="گلوریا سوانسن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گلوریا سوانسن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gloria Swanson" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American actress (1899–1983)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the actress. For the fictional character "Gloria Swenson", see <a href="/wiki/Gloria_(1999_American_film)" title="Gloria (1999 American film)">Gloria (1999 American film)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gloria_(1980_film)" title="Gloria (1980 film)">Gloria (1980 film)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Gloria Swanson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white photo of a woman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg/220px-Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg/330px-Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg/440px-Gloria_Swanson_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="1000" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Swanson in 1941</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Gloria May Josephine Swanson</div> (1899-03-27)March 27, 1899 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 4, 1983(1983-04-04) (aged 84) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Heavenly_Rest" title="Church of the Heavenly Rest">Church of the Heavenly Rest</a>, New York City</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Gloria Mae</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Actress</li><li>producer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1914–1983</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Beery" title="Wallace Beery">Wallace Beery</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1916; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1918)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_K._Somborn" title="Herbert K. Somborn">Herbert K. Somborn</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1919; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1922)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Henry_de_La_Falaise" title="Henry de La Falaise">Henry de La Falaise</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1925; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1931)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Michael Farmer</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1931; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1934)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">William Davey</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1945; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1946)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/William_Dufty" title="William Dufty">William Dufty</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1976)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Autograph_Gloria_Swanson.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Autograph_Gloria_Swanson.svg/150px-Autograph_Gloria_Swanson.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Autograph_Gloria_Swanson.svg/225px-Autograph_Gloria_Swanson.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Autograph_Gloria_Swanson.svg/300px-Autograph_Gloria_Swanson.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="89" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Gloria Josephine Mae Swanson<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> (March 27, 1899 – April 4, 1983) was an American actress. She first achieved fame acting in dozens of <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent films</a> in the 1920s and was nominated three times for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a>, most famously for her 1950 turn in <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(film)" title="Sunset Boulevard (film)">Sunset Boulevard</a>, which also earned her a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a>. Swanson was born in Chicago and raised in a military family that moved from base to base. Her infatuation with <a href="/wiki/Essanay_Studios" title="Essanay Studios">Essanay Studios</a> actor <a href="/wiki/Francis_X._Bushman" title="Francis X. Bushman">Francis X. Bushman</a> led to her aunt taking her to tour the actor's Chicago studio. The 15-year-old Swanson was offered a brief walk-on for one film and eventually a stock-players contract, beginning her life's career in front of the cameras. Swanson left school, and was soon hired to work in California for <a href="/wiki/Mack_Sennett" title="Mack Sennett">Mack Sennett</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Keystone_Studios" title="Keystone Studios">Keystone Studios</a> comedy shorts opposite <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Vernon" title="Bobby Vernon">Bobby Vernon</a>. She was eventually recruited by <a href="/wiki/Famous_Players%E2%80%93Lasky" title="Famous Players–Lasky">Famous Players–Lasky</a>/Paramount Pictures, where she was put under contract for seven years and became a global superstar. She starred in a series of films about society, directed by <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Male_and_Female" title="Male and Female">Male and Female</a> (1919). She continued as a successful movie star in <a href="/wiki/The_Affairs_of_Anatol" title="The Affairs of Anatol">The Affairs of Anatol</a> (1921) and <a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_Rocks_(film)" title="Beyond the Rocks (film)">Beyond the Rocks</a> (1922). She also starred in critically acclaimed performances such as <a href="/wiki/Zaza_(1923_film)" title="Zaza (1923 film)">Zaza</a> (1923) and <a href="/wiki/Madame_Sans-G%C3%AAne_(1925_film)" title="Madame Sans-Gêne (1925 film)">Madame Sans-Gêne</a> (1925). In 1925, Swanson joined <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> as one of the film industry's pioneering women filmmakers. She produced and starred in the 1928 film <a href="/wiki/Sadie_Thompson_(film)" title="Sadie Thompson (film)">Sadie Thompson</a>, earning a nomination for Best Actress at the first annual <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>. Her sound film debut performance in 1929's <a href="/wiki/The_Trespasser_(1929_film)" title="The Trespasser (1929 film)">The Trespasser</a> earned her a second Academy Award nomination. <a href="/wiki/Queen_Kelly" title="Queen Kelly">Queen Kelly</a> (1928–29) was a box-office disaster, but is remembered as a silent classic. After almost two decades in front of the cameras, her film success waned during the 1930s. Swanson received renewed praise for her return to the screen in her role as Norma Desmond in Sunset Boulevard (1950). She made only three more films, but guest-starred on several television shows, and acted in road productions of stage plays. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Swanson was born in a small house in Chicago in 1899, the only child of Adelaide (née Klanowski) and Joseph Theodore Swanson (né Svensson), a soldier.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuirk198415,_17-2">[2]</a> She was raised in the <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> faith. Her father was a Swedish American and her mother was of German, French, and Polish ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuirk198417-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarzigMatovic2018283-4">[4]</a> Because of her father's attachment to the U.S. Army, the family moved frequently. She spent some of her childhood in <a href="/wiki/Key_West" title="Key West">Key West</a>, Florida, where she was enrolled in a Catholic convent school,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch20136–8-5">[5]</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, where she saw her first motion pictures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch20139–11-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1914–1918:_Essanay/Keystone/Triangle">1914–1918: Essanay/Keystone/Triangle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1914–1918: Essanay/Keystone/Triangle">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bobby_Vernon,_Gloria_Swanson,_and_Teddy_the_Dog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white photo of a young man, a young woman, and a dog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bobby_Vernon%2C_Gloria_Swanson%2C_and_Teddy_the_Dog.jpg/220px-Bobby_Vernon%2C_Gloria_Swanson%2C_and_Teddy_the_Dog.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bobby_Vernon%2C_Gloria_Swanson%2C_and_Teddy_the_Dog.jpg/330px-Bobby_Vernon%2C_Gloria_Swanson%2C_and_Teddy_the_Dog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Bobby_Vernon%2C_Gloria_Swanson%2C_and_Teddy_the_Dog.jpg/440px-Bobby_Vernon%2C_Gloria_Swanson%2C_and_Teddy_the_Dog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1389" data-file-height="1760" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Vernon" title="Bobby Vernon">Bobby Vernon</a> with Swanson and <a href="/wiki/Teddy_(dog)" title="Teddy (dog)">Teddy the Dog</a> in <a href="/wiki/Teddy_at_the_Throttle" title="Teddy at the Throttle">Teddy at the Throttle</a> (1917)</figcaption></figure> Her family once again residing in Chicago, the adolescent Gloria developed a crush on actor <a href="/wiki/Francis_X._Bushman" title="Francis X. Bushman">Francis X. Bushman</a> and knew he was employed by <a href="/wiki/Essanay_Studios" title="Essanay Studios">Essanay Studios</a> in the city. Swanson later recalled that her Aunt Inga brought her at the age of 15 to visit Bushman's studio, where she was discovered by a tour guide. Other accounts have the star-struck Swanson herself talking her way into the business. In either version, she was soon hired as an extra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201311–12-7">[7]</a> The movie industry was still in its infancy, churning out short subjects, without the advantage of today's casting agencies and talent agents promoting their latest find. A willing extra was often a valuable asset. Her first role was a brief <a href="/wiki/Walk-on_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walk-on (actor)">walk-on</a> with actress <a href="/wiki/Gerda_Holmes" title="Gerda Holmes">Gerda Holmes</a>, that paid an enormous (in those days) $3.25.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201312-8">[8]</a> The studio soon offered her steady work at $13.25 (equivalent to $403 in 2023) per week.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201313-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-10">[10]</a> Swanson left school to work full-time at the studio.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201313-9">[9]</a> In 1915, she co-starred in <a href="/wiki/Sweedie_Goes_to_College" title="Sweedie Goes to College">Sweedie Goes to College</a> with her future first husband <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Beery" title="Wallace Beery">Wallace Beery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201318,_25-11">[11]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gloria_Swanson_-_Portrait_(1917).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gloria_Swanson_-_Portrait_%281917%29.png/170px-Gloria_Swanson_-_Portrait_%281917%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gloria_Swanson_-_Portrait_%281917%29.png/255px-Gloria_Swanson_-_Portrait_%281917%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gloria_Swanson_-_Portrait_%281917%29.png/340px-Gloria_Swanson_-_Portrait_%281917%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1058" data-file-height="1382" /></a><figcaption>Portrait (1917)</figcaption></figure> Swanson's mother accompanied her to California in 1916 for her roles in <a href="/wiki/Mack_Sennett" title="Mack Sennett">Mack Sennett</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Keystone_Studios" title="Keystone Studios">Keystone Studios</a> comedy shorts opposite <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Vernon" title="Bobby Vernon">Bobby Vernon</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/Clarence_G._Badger" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence G. Badger">Clarence G. Badger</a>. They were met at the train station by Beery, who was pursuing his own career ambitions at Keystone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201320–23-12">[12]</a> Vernon and Swanson projected a great screen chemistry that proved popular with audiences. Director <a href="/wiki/Charley_Chase" title="Charley Chase">Charley Chase</a> recalled that Swanson was "frightened to death" of Vernon's dangerous stunts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201323,_30-13">[13]</a> Surviving movies in which they appear together include <a href="/wiki/The_Danger_Girl_(1916_film)" title="The Danger Girl (1916 film)">The Danger Girl</a> (1916), <a href="/wiki/The_Sultan%27s_Wife" title="The Sultan's Wife">The Sultan's Wife</a> (1917), and <a href="/wiki/Teddy_at_the_Throttle" title="Teddy at the Throttle">Teddy at the Throttle</a> (1917).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirchard2009135-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201335-15">[15]</a> Badger was sufficiently impressed by Swanson to recommend her to the director <a href="/wiki/Jack_Conway_(filmmaker)" title="Jack Conway (filmmaker)">Jack Conway</a> for <a href="/wiki/Her_Decision" title="Her Decision">Her Decision</a> and <a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Believe_Everything" title="You Can't Believe Everything">You Can't Believe Everything</a> in 1918.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirchard2009135-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201340–42-16">[16]</a> Triangle had never put Swanson under contract, but did increase her pay to $15 a week. When she was approached by <a href="/wiki/Famous_Players%E2%80%93Lasky" title="Famous Players–Lasky">Famous Players–Lasky</a> to work for <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a>, the resulting legal dispute obligated her to Triangle for several more months. Soon afterward, Triangle was in a financial bind and loaned Swanson to DeMille for the comedy <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Change_Your_Husband" title="Don't Change Your Husband">Don't Change Your Husband</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirchard2009135–136-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201335-15">[15]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_and_Female_(1919)_-_Swanson_Bath.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Male_and_Female_%281919%29_-_Swanson_Bath.jpg/220px-Male_and_Female_%281919%29_-_Swanson_Bath.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Male_and_Female_%281919%29_-_Swanson_Bath.jpg/330px-Male_and_Female_%281919%29_-_Swanson_Bath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Male_and_Female_%281919%29_-_Swanson_Bath.jpg/440px-Male_and_Female_%281919%29_-_Swanson_Bath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Swanson in <a href="/wiki/Male_and_Female" title="Male and Female">Male and Female</a> (1919)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1919–1926:_Famous_Players–Lasky/Paramount_Pictures">1919–1926: Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount Pictures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1919–1926: Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount Pictures">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gloria_Swanson_-_Screen_Acting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gloria_Swanson_-_Screen_Acting.jpg/220px-Gloria_Swanson_-_Screen_Acting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gloria_Swanson_-_Screen_Acting.jpg/330px-Gloria_Swanson_-_Screen_Acting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gloria_Swanson_-_Screen_Acting.jpg/440px-Gloria_Swanson_-_Screen_Acting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>Swanson in the 1920s</figcaption></figure> At the behest of DeMille, Swanson signed a contract with Famous Players–Lasky on December 30, 1918, for $150 a week, to be raised to $200 a week, and eventually $350 a week.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirchard2009138-18">[18]</a> Her first picture under her new contract was DeMille's World War I romantic drama <a href="/wiki/For_Better,_for_Worse_(1919_film)" title="For Better, for Worse (1919 film)">For Better, for Worse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirchard2009139-19">[19]</a> She made six pictures under the direction of DeMille,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeauchamp2009109-20">[20]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Male_and_Female" title="Male and Female">Male and Female</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201355-21">[21]</a> (1919), in which she posed with a lion as "Lion's Bride".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201356-22">[22]</a> While she and her father were dining out one evening, the man who would become her second husband, Equity Pictures president <a href="/wiki/Herbert_K._Somborn" title="Herbert K. Somborn">Herbert K. Somborn</a>, introduced himself, by inviting her to meet one of her personal idols, actress <a href="/wiki/Clara_Kimball_Young" title="Clara Kimball Young">Clara Kimball Young</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201358,_61-23">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glora_Swanson_and_Rudolph_Valentino_in_%27Beyond_the_Rocks%27,_1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white photo of a man and woman embracing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Glora_Swanson_and_Rudolph_Valentino_in_%27Beyond_the_Rocks%27%2C_1922.jpg/220px-Glora_Swanson_and_Rudolph_Valentino_in_%27Beyond_the_Rocks%27%2C_1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Glora_Swanson_and_Rudolph_Valentino_in_%27Beyond_the_Rocks%27%2C_1922.jpg/330px-Glora_Swanson_and_Rudolph_Valentino_in_%27Beyond_the_Rocks%27%2C_1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Glora_Swanson_and_Rudolph_Valentino_in_%27Beyond_the_Rocks%27%2C_1922.jpg/440px-Glora_Swanson_and_Rudolph_Valentino_in_%27Beyond_the_Rocks%27%2C_1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2102" data-file-height="2719" /></a><figcaption>Swanson and Rudolph Valentino in a scene from <a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_Rocks_(film)" title="Beyond the Rocks (film)">Beyond the Rocks</a> (1922)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Why_Change_Your_Wife%3F" title="Why Change Your Wife?">Why Change Your Wife?</a>, <a href="/wiki/Something_to_Think_About" title="Something to Think About">Something to Think About</a> (both 1920), and <a href="/wiki/The_Affairs_of_Anatol" title="The Affairs of Anatol">The Affairs of Anatol</a> (1921) soon followed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013439–440-24">[24]</a> She next appeared in 10 films directed by <a href="/wiki/Sam_Wood" title="Sam Wood">Sam Wood</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson20141016-25">[25]</a> starting with <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Moment_(1921_film)" title="The Great Moment (1921 film)">The Great Moment</a> (1921) and including <a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_Rocks_(film)" title="Beyond the Rocks (film)">Beyond the Rocks</a> in 1922 with her longtime friend <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino" title="Rudolph Valentino">Rudolph Valentino</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201359-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Valentino had become a star in 1921 for his appearance in <a href="/wiki/The_Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (film)">The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a>, but Swanson had known him since his days as an aspiring actor getting small parts, with no apparent hope for his professional future. She was impressed by his shy, well-mannered personality, the complete opposite of what his public image would become.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201393–94-28">[28]</a> After her films with Wood, she appeared in <a href="/wiki/Zaza_(1923_film)" title="Zaza (1923 film)">Zaza</a> (1923) directed by <a href="/wiki/Allan_Dwan" title="Allan Dwan">Allan Dwan</a>. During her time at Famous Players–Lasky, seven more of her films were directed by Dwan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer2013423-29">[29]</a> In 1925, Swanson starred in the French-American comedy <a href="/wiki/Madame_Sans-G%C3%AAne_(1925_film)" title="Madame Sans-Gêne (1925 film)">Madame Sans-Gêne</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9once_Perret" title="Léonce Perret">Léonce Perret</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer2013123-30">[30]</a> Filming was allowed for the first time at many of the historic sites relating to Napoleon. While it was well received at the time, no prints are known to exist and it is considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Lost_film" title="Lost film">lost film</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013150,_370-31">[31]</a> Swanson appeared in a 1925 short produced by <a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Phonofilm" title="Phonofilm">Phonofilm</a> sound-on-film process.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201386-32">[32]</a> She made a number of films for Paramount, including <a href="/wiki/The_Coast_of_Folly_(1925_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Coast of Folly (1925 film)">The Coast of Folly</a> (1925), <a href="/wiki/Stage_Struck_(1925_film)" title="Stage Struck (1925 film)">Stage Struck</a> (1925) and <a href="/wiki/The_Untamed_Lady" title="The Untamed Lady">The Untamed Lady</a> (1926).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013443–444-33">[33]</a> Before she could produce films with United Artists, she completed <a href="/wiki/Fine_Manners" title="Fine Manners">Fine Manners</a> with Paramount and turned down an offer to make <a href="/wiki/The_King_of_Kings_(1927_film)" title="The King of Kings (1927 film)">The King of Kings</a> with DeMille.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013167,_169–170-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1925–1933:_United_Artists">1925–1933: United Artists</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1925–1933: United Artists">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LibertyMagazine7Mar1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/LibertyMagazine7Mar1925.jpg/220px-LibertyMagazine7Mar1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/LibertyMagazine7Mar1925.jpg/330px-LibertyMagazine7Mar1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/LibertyMagazine7Mar1925.jpg/440px-LibertyMagazine7Mar1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>Swanson on the March 7, 1925, cover of <a href="/wiki/Liberty_(general_interest_magazine)" title="Liberty (general interest magazine)">Liberty</a> magazine</figcaption></figure> She turned down a one-million-dollar-a-year (equivalent to $17,500,000 in 2023)<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-10">[10]</a> contract with Paramount in favor of joining the newly created <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a> partnership on June 25, 1925, accepting a six-picture distribution offer from president <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schenck" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Schenck">Joseph Schenck</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalio200958-35">[35]</a> At the time, Swanson was considered the most bankable star of her era.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalio200957–58-36">[36]</a> United Artists had its own Art Cinema Corporation subsidiary to advance financial loans for the productions of individual partners.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013169-37">[37]</a> The partnership agreement included her commitment to a buy-in of $100,000 of preferred stock subscription.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalio200958-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Swanson_Producing_Corporation">Swanson Producing Corporation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Swanson Producing Corporation">edit</a>]</div> The Swanson Producing Corporation was set up as the umbrella organization for her agreement with United Artists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013171-38">[38]</a> Under that name, she produced <a href="/wiki/The_Love_of_Sunya" title="The Love of Sunya">The Love of Sunya</a> with herself in the title role.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013175-39">[39]</a> The film, co-starring <a href="/wiki/John_Boles_(actor)" title="John Boles (actor)">John Boles</a>, was directed by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Parker_(director)" title="Albert Parker (director)">Albert Parker</a>, based on the play The Eyes of Youth by <a href="/wiki/Max_Marcin" title="Max Marcin">Max Marcin</a> and Charles Guernon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013171-38">[38]</a> The production was a disaster, with Parker being indecisive and the actors not experienced enough to deliver the performances he wanted. The film fell behind in its schedule and, by the time of its release, the end product had not lived up to Swanson's expectations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013174–177-40">[40]</a> While it did not lose money, it was a financial wash, breaking even on the production costs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalio200983-41">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glorija_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Glorija_2.png/220px-Glorija_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Glorija_2.png/330px-Glorija_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Glorija_2.png/440px-Glorija_2.png 2x" data-file-width="2505" data-file-height="3385" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Gloria Swanson by <a href="/wiki/Milena_Pavlovi%C4%87-Barili" title="Milena Pavlović-Barili">Milena Pavlović-Barili</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gloria_Swanson_Productions">Gloria Swanson Productions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gloria Swanson Productions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sadie_Thompson_(film)" title="Sadie Thompson (film)">Sadie Thompson (film)</a></div> She engaged the services of director <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Walsh" title="Raoul Walsh">Raoul Walsh</a> in 1927 and together they conceived of making a film based on <a href="/wiki/W._Somerset_Maugham" title="W. Somerset Maugham">W. Somerset Maugham</a>'s short story "Miss Thompson".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoss2011100–101-42">[42]</a> Gloria Swanson Productions proposed to film the controversial <a href="/wiki/Sadie_Thompson_(film)" title="Sadie Thompson (film)">Sadie Thompson</a> about the travails of a prostitute living in American Samoa, a project that initially pleased United Artists president Joseph Schenck.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013181,_183-43">[43]</a> As she moved forward with the project, association members urged Schenck to halt the production due to its subject matter. The members took further steps by registering their discontent with <a href="/wiki/Will_H._Hays" title="Will H. Hays">Will H. Hays</a>, Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion Picture Association of America">Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013184–185-44">[44]</a> Walsh previously had his own battles with the Hays office, having managed to skirt around censorship issues with <a href="/wiki/What_Price_Glory%3F_(1926_film)" title="What Price Glory? (1926 film)">What Price Glory?</a> <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoss2011101–102-45">[45]</a> By bringing him to the table, literally over breakfast in her home, Hays and Swanson developed a working relationship for the film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoss2011103-46">[46]</a> Hays was enthusiastic about the basic story, but did have specific issues that were dealt with before the film's release.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoss2011103-46">[46]</a> The project was filmed on <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina_Island_(California)" title="Santa Catalina Island (California)">Santa Catalina Island</a>, just off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoss2011104-47">[47]</a> Gross receipts slightly exceeded $850,000 (equivalent to $14,900,000 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalio200983-41">[41]</a> At the first annual <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, Swanson received a nomination for Best Actress for her performance, and the film's cinematographer <a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(cinematographer)" title="George Barnes (cinematographer)">George Barnes</a> was also nominated.<a href="#cite_note-Oscars-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gloria_Productions">Gloria Productions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gloria Productions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_in_Indiscreet_(1931)_(front)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_in_Indiscreet_%281931%29_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_in_Indiscreet_%281931%29_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_in_Indiscreet_%281931%29_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_in_Indiscreet_%281931%29_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_in_Indiscreet_%281931%29_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_in_Indiscreet_%281931%29_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1460" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption>Swanson (left) in <a href="/wiki/Indiscreet_(1931_film)" title="Indiscreet (1931 film)">Indiscreet</a></figcaption></figure> By the end of 1927, Swanson was in dire financial straits, with only $65 in the bank.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013201-49">[49]</a> Her two productions had generated income, but too slowly to offset her production loan debts to Art Cinema Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalio200983-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013198–199-50">[50]</a> Swanson had also not made good on her $100,000 subscription for preferred United Artists shared stock.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalio200983-41">[41]</a> She had received financial proposals from United Artists studio head Joseph Schenck, as well as from Bank of America, prior to engaging the services of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.</a> as her financial advisor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013202-51">[51]</a> He proposed to personally bankroll her next picture and conducted a thorough examination of her financial records.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013205-52">[52]</a> Kennedy advised her to shut down Swanson Producing Corporation. She agreed to his plan for a fresh start under the dummy corporate name of Gloria Productions, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013205-52">[52]</a> Upon his advice, she fired most of her staff and sold her rights for The Love of Sunya and Sadie Thompson to Art Cinema Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013207–208-53">[53]</a> Kennedy then created the position of "European director of <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a>" to put her third husband <a href="/wiki/Henry_de_La_Falaise" title="Henry de La Falaise">Henry de La Falaise</a> on the payroll.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013209-54">[54]</a> Sound films were already becoming popular with audiences, most notably the films of singer <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a>, who had success with <a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a> released in 1927 and <a href="/wiki/The_Singing_Fool" title="The Singing Fool">The Singing Fool</a> in 1928.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennig2000276-55">[55]</a> Kennedy, however, advised her to hire <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Stroheim" title="Erich von Stroheim">Erich von Stroheim</a> to direct another silent film, The Swamp, subsequently retitled <a href="/wiki/Queen_Kelly" title="Queen Kelly">Queen Kelly</a>. She was hesitant to hire Stroheim, who was known for being difficult to deal with and who was unwilling to work within any budget. Kennedy, nevertheless, was insistent and was able to get Stroheim released from contractual obligations to producer <a href="/wiki/Pat_Powers_(businessman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pat Powers (businessman)">Pat Powers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennig2000275-56">[56]</a> Stroheim worked for several months on writing the basic script.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennig2000276-55">[55]</a> Filming of Queen Kelly began in November.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> His filming was slow, albeit meticulous, and the cast and crew suffered from long hours. Shooting was shut down in January, and Stroheim fired, after complaints by Swanson about him and about the general direction the film was taking.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennig2000277–278-58">[58]</a> Swanson and Kennedy tried to salvage it with an alternative ending shot on November 24, 1931, directed by Swanson and photographed by <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland">Gregg Toland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013247-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELennig2000288-60">[60]</a> Only two other films were made under Gloria Productions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson20141016-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Trespasser_(1929_film)" title="The Trespasser (1929 film)">The Trespasser</a> in 1929 was a sound production, and garnered Swanson her second Oscar nomination.<a href="#cite_note-1931Oscars-61">[61]</a> Written by <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Goulding" title="Edmund Goulding">Edmund Goulding</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Laura_Hope_Crews" title="Laura Hope Crews">Laura Hope Crews</a> fine-tuning the dialogue, Kennedy approved funding for the go-ahead on the production.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013232-62">[62]</a> The film was a melodrama, complete with musical numbers sung by Swanson and completed in 21 days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013235–236-63">[63]</a> The world premiere was held in London, the first American sound production to do so. Swanson was mobbed by adoring fans. Before leaving London, she sang at a concert carried over the BBC.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013239-64">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/What_a_Widow!" title="What a Widow!">What a Widow!</a> in 1930 was the final film for Gloria Productions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013444–445-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Artists_stars_on_the_radio">United Artists stars on the radio</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: United Artists stars on the radio">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a> and her husband <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a> hosted the March 29, 1928, episode of the Dodge Hour radio program, originating from Pickford's private bungalow at United Artists, and broadcast to audiences in American movie theaters. The brainchild of Joseph Schenck, it was a promotional come-on to attract audiences into movie theaters to hear the voices of their favorite actors, as sound productions became the future of commercial films.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHershfield200017-67">[67]</a> On hand were Swanson, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norma_Talmadge" title="Norma Talmadge">Norma Talmadge</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Barrymore" title="John Barrymore">John Barrymore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Dolores del Río">Dolores del Río</a>, and <a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gloria_Swanson_British_Productions_Ltd.">Gloria Swanson British Productions Ltd.</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gloria Swanson British Productions Ltd.">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Press_photo_of_John_Boles_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Music_in_the_Air_(front)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Press_photo_of_John_Boles_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Music_in_the_Air_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Press_photo_of_John_Boles_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Music_in_the_Air_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Press_photo_of_John_Boles_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Music_in_the_Air_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Press_photo_of_John_Boles_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Music_in_the_Air_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Press_photo_of_John_Boles_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Music_in_the_Air_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Press_photo_of_John_Boles_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Music_in_the_Air_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Swanson and <a href="/wiki/John_Boles_(actor)" title="John Boles (actor)">John Boles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_Air_(film)" title="Music in the Air (film)">Music in the Air</a> (1934)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_and_Laurence_Olivier_in_Perfect_Understanding_(front)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_and_Laurence_Olivier_in_Perfect_Understanding_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_and_Laurence_Olivier_in_Perfect_Understanding_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_and_Laurence_Olivier_in_Perfect_Understanding_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_and_Laurence_Olivier_in_Perfect_Understanding_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_and_Laurence_Olivier_in_Perfect_Understanding_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Press_photo_of_Gloria_Swanson_and_Laurence_Olivier_in_Perfect_Understanding_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1324" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption>Swanson and <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Perfect_Understanding" title="Perfect Understanding">Perfect Understanding</a> (1933)</figcaption></figure> Before she began filming <a href="/wiki/Perfect_Understanding" title="Perfect Understanding">Perfect Understanding</a> as Gloria Swanson British Productions Ltd., she finished a two-film package production for Art Cinema, which included <a href="/wiki/Indiscreet_(1931_film)" title="Indiscreet (1931 film)">Indiscreet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tonight_or_Never_(1931_film)" title="Tonight or Never (1931 film)">Tonight or Never</a> (1931).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalio200984-69">[69]</a> Perfect Understanding, a 1933 sound production comedy, was the only film produced by this company.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013282,_445-70">[70]</a> Made entirely at <a href="/wiki/Ealing_Studios" title="Ealing Studios">Ealing Studios</a>, it co-starred <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> as Swanson's on-screen husband.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013282,_284-71">[71]</a> United Artists bought back all of her stock with them, in order to provide her financing to make this film, and thereby ending her relationship with the partnership.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalio200984-69">[69]</a> The film was panned by the critics upon its release and failed at the box office.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013286-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1938–1950:_Creating_new_paths">1938–1950: Creating new paths</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1938–1950: Creating new paths">edit</a>]</div> When she made the transition to sound films as her career simultaneously began to decline, Swanson moved permanently to New York City in 1938.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013299-73">[73]</a> Swanson starred in <a href="/wiki/Father_Takes_a_Wife" title="Father Takes a Wife">Father Takes a Wife</a> for <a href="/wiki/RKO_Radio_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="RKO Radio Pictures">RKO</a> in 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013303–304-74">[74]</a> She began appearing in stage productions and starred in The Gloria Swanson Hour on <a href="/wiki/WPIX-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="WPIX-TV">WPIX-TV</a> in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013316-75">[75]</a> Swanson threw herself into painting and sculpting and, in 1954, published Gloria Swanson's Diary, a general newsletter.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013349,_384-76">[76]</a> She toured in <a href="/wiki/Summer_stock" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer stock">summer stock</a>, engaged in political activism, designed and marketed clothing and accessories, and made personal appearances on radio and in movie theaters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013303–304-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950–1977:_Later_career">1950–1977: Later career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1950–1977: Later career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sunset_Boulevard">Sunset Boulevard</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sunset Boulevard">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(film)" title="Sunset Boulevard (film)">Sunset Boulevard (film)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Press_photo_of_William_Holden_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Sunset_Boulevard_(front)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Press_photo_of_William_Holden_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Sunset_Boulevard_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Press_photo_of_William_Holden_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Sunset_Boulevard_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Press_photo_of_William_Holden_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Sunset_Boulevard_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Press_photo_of_William_Holden_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Sunset_Boulevard_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Press_photo_of_William_Holden_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Sunset_Boulevard_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Press_photo_of_William_Holden_and_Gloria_Swanson_in_Sunset_Boulevard_%28front%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1361" data-file-height="964" /></a><figcaption>Swanson and <a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(film)" title="Sunset Boulevard (film)">Sunset Boulevard</a> (1950)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30em; ; font-size: 100%; color: #202122;background-color: cornsilk;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> “It should be pointed out that Gloria Swanson was not Norma Desmond. Unlike her delusional screen counterpart, Swanson was fiercely realistic. She lived in the present –not in the past– and pursued many interests with passionate zeal. She was also a good actress. Judging by the number of people who think she was Norma Desmond, maybe a little too good.” – Biographer Lon Davis in Silent Lives: 100 Biographies of the Silent Film Era. (2008).<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> </blockquote> </div>The film <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(film)" title="Sunset Boulevard (film)">Sunset Boulevard</a> was conceived by director <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> and screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brackett" title="Charles Brackett">Charles Brackett</a>, and came to include writer <a href="/wiki/D._M._Marshman_Jr." title="D. M. Marshman Jr.">D. M. Marshman Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2010109-79">[79]</a> They bandied about the name of <a href="/wiki/Mae_West" title="Mae West">Mae West</a>, whose public persona even in her senior years was as a sex symbol, but she objected to playing a has-been.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2010112-80">[80]</a> Mary Pickford was also considered for the lead role of Norma Desmond.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2010111,_112-81">[81]</a> It was director <a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> who suggested Swanson, noting that she was once such a valuable asset to her studio that she was "carried in a sedan chair from her dressing room to the set".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2010112-80">[80]</a> The storyline of the film follows a faded silent movie actress Norma Desmond (Swanson), in love with a failed screenwriter Joe Gillis (<a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2010114-82">[82]</a> She lives at the mansion with her former-husband-director-turned-butler Max von Mayerling (<a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Stroheim" title="Erich von Stroheim">Erich von Stroheim</a>), who personally disliked the role and only agreed to it out of financial need.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2010109–110,_113-83">[83]</a> A clip from Queen Kelly was used for the scene where Joe and Norma are watching one of her silent films, and she declares, "... we didn't need dialogue, we had faces".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2010115-84">[84]</a> Norma plays a card game of bridge with a group of actors also known as "the <a href="/wiki/Wax_museum" title="Wax museum">Waxworks</a>". They included <a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/H.B._Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="H.B. Warner">H.B. Warner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Q._Nilsson" title="Anna Q. Nilsson">Anna Q. Nilsson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2010122-85">[85]</a> During the scene leading up to Cecil B. DeMille's cameo, where Max chauffeurs Joe and Norma to the studio, her <a href="/wiki/Isotta_Fraschini" title="Isotta Fraschini">Isotta Fraschini</a> luxury automobile was towed from behind the camera, because Stroheim had never learned how to drive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2010114,_117-86">[86]</a> Norma's dreams of a comeback are subverted, and when Gillis tries to break up with her, she threatens to kill herself, but instead kills him. She becomes delusional by the time the police and news media arrive. Max sets up the studio lighting towards her on the staircase and directs her down towards the waiting police and news cameras,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2010123-87">[87]</a> where she says, "All right, Mr. DeMille, I'm ready for my close-up."<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Although Swanson had objected to enduring a screen test for the film, she had been glad to be making much more money than she had been in television and on stage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2010112-80">[80]</a> She found the overall experience of making the movie a pleasure, and later stated, "I hated to have the picture end ... When Mr. Wilder called ‘Print it!’ I burst into tears...”<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2010118-89">[89]</a> She was nominated for a Best Actress Academy Award, but lost to <a href="/wiki/Judy_Holliday" title="Judy Holliday">Judy Holliday</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Final_films">Final films</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Final films">edit</a>]</div> Swanson received several acting offers following the release of Sunset Boulevard, but turned most of them down, saying they tended to be pale imitations of Norma Desmond.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013342,_382–383-91">[91]</a> Her last major Hollywood motion picture role was also her first color film, the poorly received <a href="/wiki/3_for_Bedroom_C" title="3 for Bedroom C">3 for Bedroom C</a> in 1952.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013343-92">[92]</a> Nationally syndicated columnist <a href="/wiki/Aileen_Mehle" title="Aileen Mehle">Suzy</a> called it "one of the worst movies ever made."<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In 1956, Swanson made <a href="/wiki/Nero%27s_Mistress" title="Nero's Mistress">Nero's Mistress</a>, an Italian film shot in Rome, which starred <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Sordi" title="Alberto Sordi">Alberto Sordi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_de_Sica" class="mw-redirect" title="Vittorio de Sica">Vittorio de Sica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013343,_447-94">[94]</a> Her final screen appearance, in 1974, was as herself in <a href="/wiki/Airport_1975" title="Airport 1975">Airport 1975</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013447-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Television_and_theatre">Television and theatre</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Television and theatre">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fred_MacMurray_Gloria_Swanson_My_Three_Sons_1965.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white photo of a man and woman looking at each other" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Fred_MacMurray_Gloria_Swanson_My_Three_Sons_1965.JPG/220px-Fred_MacMurray_Gloria_Swanson_My_Three_Sons_1965.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Fred_MacMurray_Gloria_Swanson_My_Three_Sons_1965.JPG/330px-Fred_MacMurray_Gloria_Swanson_My_Three_Sons_1965.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Fred_MacMurray_Gloria_Swanson_My_Three_Sons_1965.JPG/440px-Fred_MacMurray_Gloria_Swanson_My_Three_Sons_1965.JPG 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption>Swanson with <a href="/wiki/Fred_MacMurray" title="Fred MacMurray">Fred MacMurray</a> in the promo of <a href="/wiki/My_Three_Sons" title="My Three Sons">My Three Sons</a> (1965)</figcaption></figure> Swanson hosted The Gloria Swanson Hour, one of the first live television series in 1948 in which she invited friends and others to be guests.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013316-75">[75]</a> Swanson later hosted Crown Theatre with Gloria Swanson, a television anthology series in which she occasionally acted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013347–348-96">[96]</a> Through the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s, Swanson appeared on many different talk and variety shows such as <a href="/wiki/The_Carol_Burnett_Show" title="The Carol Burnett Show">The Carol Burnett Show</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Johnny_Carson" title="The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson">The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson</a> to recollect her movies and to lampoon them as well.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013355,_377-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> On The Carol Burnett Show in 1973, Swanson reprised her impersonation of Charlie Chaplin from both Sunset Boulevard and Manhandled.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013377–378-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> She was the "mystery guest" on <a href="/wiki/What%27s_My_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="What's My Line">What's My Line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013355-101">[101]</a> She acted in "Behind the Locked Door" on <a href="/wiki/The_Alfred_Hitchcock_Hour" class="mw-redirect" title="The Alfred Hitchcock Hour">The Alfred Hitchcock Hour</a> in 1964 and, in the same year, she was nominated for a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe">Golden Globe</a> award for her performance in <a href="/wiki/Burke%27s_Law_(1963_TV_series)" title="Burke's Law (1963 TV series)">Burke's Law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013358-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer2013368-103">[103]</a> She made a guest appearance on <a href="/wiki/The_Dick_Cavett_Show" title="The Dick Cavett Show">The Dick Cavett Show</a> in the summer of 1970; a guest on the same show as <a href="/wiki/Janis_Joplin" title="Janis Joplin">Janis Joplin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013346,_354–355,_381-104">[104]</a> She made a notable appearance in a 1966 episode of <a href="/wiki/The_Beverly_Hillbillies" title="The Beverly Hillbillies">The Beverly Hillbillies</a>, in which she plays herself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013358-102">[102]</a> In the episode, the Clampetts mistakenly believe Swanson is destitute and decide to finance a comeback movie for her – in a silent film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDesjardins201511-105">[105]</a> After near-retirement from movies, Swanson appeared in many plays throughout her later life, beginning in the 1940s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013307-106">[106]</a> Actor and playwright Harold J. Kennedy, who had learned the ropes at Yale and with Orson Welles' <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Theatre" title="Mercury Theatre">Mercury Theatre</a>, suggested Swanson do a road tour of "Reflected Glory", a comedy that had run on the Broadway stage with <a href="/wiki/Tallulah_Bankhead" title="Tallulah Bankhead">Tallulah Bankhead</a> as its star.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013305-107">[107]</a> Kennedy wrote the script for the play A Goose for the Gander, which began its road tour in Chicago in August 1944.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013308-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Swanson also toured with Let Us Be Gay.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013314-111">[111]</a> After her success with Sunset Boulevard, she starred on Broadway in a revival of <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_(play)" title="Twentieth Century (play)">Twentieth Century</a> with <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a>, and in Nina with <a href="/wiki/David_Niven" title="David Niven">David Niven</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013339,_341-112">[112]</a> Her last major stage role was in the 1971 Broadway production of <a href="/wiki/Butterflies_Are_Free_(play)" title="Butterflies Are Free (play)">Butterflies Are Free</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Booth_Theatre" title="Booth Theatre">Booth Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013374–375-113">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brownlow" title="Kevin Brownlow">Kevin Brownlow</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Gill_(film_historian)" title="David Gill (film historian)">David Gill</a> interviewed her for <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(British_TV_series)" title="Hollywood (British TV series)">Hollywood</a>, a television history of the silent era.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013396-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gloria_Swanson_65_Allan_Warren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gloria Swanson in her home" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Gloria_Swanson_65_Allan_Warren.jpg/220px-Gloria_Swanson_65_Allan_Warren.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Gloria_Swanson_65_Allan_Warren.jpg/330px-Gloria_Swanson_65_Allan_Warren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Gloria_Swanson_65_Allan_Warren.jpg/440px-Gloria_Swanson_65_Allan_Warren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4930" data-file-height="5366" /></a><figcaption>Swanson in her New York City apartment (1972). Photo by <a href="/wiki/Allan_Warren" title="Allan Warren">Allan Warren</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cincinnati_Enquirer_1932_01_11_page_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_Cincinnati_Enquirer_1932_01_11_page_10.jpg/220px-The_Cincinnati_Enquirer_1932_01_11_page_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="419" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/The_Cincinnati_Enquirer_1932_01_11_page_10.jpg/330px-The_Cincinnati_Enquirer_1932_01_11_page_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/The_Cincinnati_Enquirer_1932_01_11_page_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Ce soir ou Jamais, fragrance ad, 1932. The Cincinnati Enquirer.</figcaption></figure> Swanson was a <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian">vegetarian</a> and an early health food advocate<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer2013309-115">[115]</a> who was known for bringing her own meals to public functions in a tin box.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013355-101">[101]</a> She was known for her love of fragrances and was often portrayed among her wide collection of bottles. For the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Tonight_or_Never_(1931_film)" title="Tonight or Never (1931 film)">Tonight or Never</a> in 1931, given that the movie title was inspired by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Offenthal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Offenthal (page does not exist)">Offenthal</a> fragrance name, an unprecedented tie-in advertising campaign was conceived to promote both the movie and the fragrance.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> She was a pupil of the yoga guru <a href="/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi">Indra Devi</a> and was photographed performing a series of yoga poses, reportedly looking much younger than her age, for Devi to use in her book Forever Young, Forever Healthy; but the publisher <a href="/wiki/Prentice-Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Prentice-Hall">Prentice-Hall</a> decided to use the photographs for Swanson's book, not Devi's. In return, Swanson, who normally didn't do publicity events, helped to launch Devi's book at the <a href="/wiki/Waldorf-Astoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldorf-Astoria">Waldorf-Astoria</a> in 1953.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010188–190-117">[117]</a> As a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> she supported the <a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a> and <a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a> campaigns for president of <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964 presidential campaign</a> of <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer2013368-103">[103]</a> In 1980, she chaired the New York chapter of Seniors for Reagan-Bush.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer2013383-118">[118]</a> In 1964, Swanson spoke at a "Project Prayer" rally attended by 2,500 at the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_Auditorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrine Auditorium">Shrine Auditorium</a> in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson19641–2-119">[119]</a> The gathering, which was hosted by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eisley" title="Anthony Eisley">Anthony Eisley</a>, a star of ABC's <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Eye" title="Hawaiian Eye">Hawaiian Eye</a> series, sought to flood the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> with letters in support of mandatory school prayer, following two decisions in 1962 and 1963 of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a>, which struck down mandatory prayer as conflicting with the <a href="/wiki/Establishment_Clause" title="Establishment Clause">Establishment Clause</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment to the United States Constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson19641-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarper2009353-121">[121]</a> Joining Swanson and Eisley at the Project Prayer rally were <a href="/wiki/Walter_Brennan" title="Walter Brennan">Walter Brennan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Nolan" title="Lloyd Nolan">Lloyd Nolan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhonda_Fleming" title="Rhonda Fleming">Rhonda Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pat_Boone" title="Pat Boone">Pat Boone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dale_Evans" title="Dale Evans">Dale Evans</a>. Swanson declared "Under God we became the freest, strongest, wealthiest nation on earth. Should we change that?"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson19642-122">[122]</a> In 1975, Swanson traveled the United States and helped to promote the book <a href="/wiki/Sugar_Blues" title="Sugar Blues">Sugar Blues</a> written by her husband, <a href="/wiki/William_Dufty" title="William Dufty">William Dufty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PalmBeachPost-123">[123]</a> He also ghostwrote Swanson's 1981 autobiography Swanson on Swanson, which became a commercial success.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013386-125">[125]</a> The same year, she designed a stamp cachet for the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Decade_for_Women" title="United Nations Decade for Women">United Nations Decade for Women</a>, which was her last creative project.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013389-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriages_and_relationships">Marriages and relationships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Marriages and relationships">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wallace_Beery">Wallace Beery</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Wallace Beery">edit</a>]</div> Wallace Beery and Swanson married on her 17th birthday on March 27, 1916, but by her wedding night she felt she had made a mistake and saw no way out of it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201325-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201327-128">[128]</a> She did not like his home or his family and was repulsed by him as a lover. After becoming pregnant, she saw her husband with other women and learned he had been fired from Keystone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201328–29-129">[129]</a> Taking medication given to her by Beery, purported to be for morning sickness, she miscarried the fetus and was taken unconscious to the hospital.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201329-130">[130]</a> Soon afterwards, she filed for divorce, which was finalized on December 12, 1918.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Under California law in that era, after a divorce was granted, there was a one-year waiting period before it became finalized so that neither of the parties could remarry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013143-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Herbert_K._Somborn">Herbert K. Somborn</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Herbert K. Somborn">edit</a>]</div> She married <a href="/wiki/Herbert_K._Somborn" title="Herbert K. Somborn">Herbert K. Somborn</a> on December 20, 1919.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201366-133">[133]</a> He was at that time president of Equity Pictures Corporation and later the owner of the <a href="/wiki/Brown_Derby" title="Brown Derby">Brown Derby</a> restaurant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201359,_457-134">[134]</a> Their daughter, Gloria Swanson Somborn, was born on October 7, 1920.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201366-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201367-136">[136]</a> In 1923, she adopted one-year-old Sonny Smith, whom she renamed Joseph Patrick Swanson after her father.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013111-137">[137]</a> During their divorce proceedings, Somborn accused her of adultery with 13 men, including Cecil B. DeMille and <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Neilan" title="Marshall Neilan">Marshall Neilan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013112-138">[138]</a> The public sensationalism led to Swanson having a "<a href="/wiki/Morals_clause" title="Morals clause">morals clause</a>" added to her studio contract.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013114-139">[139]</a> Somborn was granted a divorce in Los Angeles, on September 19, 1923.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Henri_de_la_Falaise">Henri de la Falaise</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Henri de la Falaise">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gloria_Swanson_and_husband_Henri_de_la_Falaise,_1925_(front)_(full_image_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gloria_Swanson_and_husband_Henri_de_la_Falaise%2C_1925_%28front%29_%28full_image_crop%29.jpg/220px-Gloria_Swanson_and_husband_Henri_de_la_Falaise%2C_1925_%28front%29_%28full_image_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gloria_Swanson_and_husband_Henri_de_la_Falaise%2C_1925_%28front%29_%28full_image_crop%29.jpg/330px-Gloria_Swanson_and_husband_Henri_de_la_Falaise%2C_1925_%28front%29_%28full_image_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Gloria_Swanson_and_husband_Henri_de_la_Falaise%2C_1925_%28front%29_%28full_image_crop%29.jpg/440px-Gloria_Swanson_and_husband_Henri_de_la_Falaise%2C_1925_%28front%29_%28full_image_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>Swanson and Henri de la Falaise leaving Los Angeles for New York, July 1925</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> My marriage to Henri gave me the only real peace and happiness I had ever known—or have ever known since. Of my five marriages this one came the nearest to being what I, in my haus-frau heart, have always wanted a marriage to be. He was then and he remains in memory a more delightful companion than any I have known.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013378–379-141">[141]</a> </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Gloria Swanson, 1950</cite> </div> During the production of Madame Sans-Gêne, Swanson met her third husband, <a href="/wiki/Henry_de_la_Falaise" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry de la Falaise">Henri, Marquis de la Falaise</a> (commonly known as Henri de la Falaise),<a href="#cite_note-DesMoines-142">[142]</a> who had been hired to be her translator during the film's production.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013138-143">[143]</a> Though Henri was a Marquis and related to the famous <a href="/wiki/Hennessy" title="Hennessy">Hennessy</a> cognac family, he had no personal wealth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013138,_148-144">[144]</a> She had conceived a child with him before her divorce from Somborn was final, a situation that would have led to a public scandal and possible end of her film career. She had an abortion, which she later regretted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013144–145,_147-145">[145]</a> They married on January 28, 1925, after the Somborn divorce was finalized.<a href="#cite_note-DesMoines-142">[142]</a> Following a four-month recuperation from her abortion, they returned to the United States as European nobility. Swanson now held the title of Marquise.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013148,_301-146">[146]</a> She received a huge welcome home with parades in both New York and Los Angeles. He became a film executive representing <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a> (USA) in France.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013205–208,_213-147">[147]</a> This marriage ended in divorce in 1930.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013248–250-148">[148]</a> In spite of the divorce they remained close, and Falaise became a partner in her <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> efforts to aid potential scientist refugees fleeing from behind Nazi lines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013300-149">[149]</a> Swanson described herself as a "mental vampire", someone with a searching curiosity about how things worked, and who pursued the possibilities of turning those ideas into reality.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013299-73">[73]</a> In 1939, she created Multiprises, an inventions and patents company; Henri de la Falaise provided a transitional Paris office for the scientists and gave written documentation to authorities guaranteeing jobs for them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013299–300-150">[150]</a> Viennese electronics engineer Richard Kobler, chemist Leopold Karniol, metallurgist Anton Kratky, and acoustical engineer Leopold Neumann, were brought to New York and headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013300–301-151">[151]</a> The group nicknamed her "Big Chief".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013301-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">edit</a>]</div> While still married to Henri, Swanson had a lengthy affair with the married <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.</a>, father of future President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013237-153">[153]</a> He became her business partner, and their relationship was an open secret in Hollywood. He took over all of her personal and business affairs and was supposed to make her millions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013205-52">[52]</a> Kennedy left her after the disastrous Queen Kelly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013258–262-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Michael_Farmer">Michael Farmer</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Michael Farmer">edit</a>]</div> After the marriage to Henri and her affair with Kennedy was over, Swanson became acquainted with Michael Farmer, the man who would become her fourth husband. They met by chance in Paris when Swanson was being fitted by <a href="/wiki/Coco_Chanel" title="Coco Chanel">Coco Chanel</a> for her 1931 film <a href="/wiki/Tonight_or_Never_(1931_film)" title="Tonight or Never (1931 film)">Tonight or Never</a>. Farmer was a man of independent financial means who seemed not to have been employed. Rumors were that he was a <a href="/wiki/Gigolo" title="Gigolo">gigolo</a>. Swanson began spending time with him,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013271–273-155">[155]</a> during which she discovered a breast lump and also became pregnant, but was not yet divorced from Henri.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013273-156">[156]</a> She was not interested in marrying Farmer, but he did not want to break off the relationship. When Farmer found out she was pregnant, he threatened to go public with the news unless she agreed to marry him, something she did not want to do. Her friends, some of whom openly disliked him, thought she was making a mistake.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013274-157">[157]</a> They married on August 16, 1931, and separated 2 years later.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013275-159">[159]</a> Because of the possibility that Swanson's divorce from La Falaise had not been finalized at the time of the wedding, she was forced to remarry Farmer the following November, by which time she was four months pregnant with Michelle Bridget Farmer, who was born on April 5, 1932.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013278,_281-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Herbert_Marshall">Herbert Marshall</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Herbert Marshall">edit</a>]</div> Swanson and Farmer divorced in 1934 after she became involved with married British actor <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marshall" title="Herbert Marshall">Herbert Marshall</a>. The media reported widely on her affair with Marshall.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> After almost three years with the actor, Swanson left him once she became convinced he would never divorce his wife <a href="/wiki/Edna_Best" title="Edna Best">Edna Best</a>, for her. In an early manuscript of her autobiography written in her own hand decades later, Swanson recalled "I was never so convincingly and thoroughly loved as I was by Herbert Marshall."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013298-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="William_M._Davey">William M. Davey</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: William M. Davey">edit</a>]</div> Davey was a wealthy investment broker whom Swanson met in October 1944 while she was appearing in A Goose for the Gander. They married January 29, 1945.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013311-165">[165]</a> Swanson had initially thought she was going to be able to retire from acting, but the marriage was troubled from the start by Davey's alcoholism. Erratic behavior and acrimonious recriminations followed. Swanson and her daughter Michelle Farmer visited an <a href="/wiki/Alcoholics_Anonymous" title="Alcoholics Anonymous">Alcoholics Anonymous</a> meeting and gathered AA pamphlets, which they placed around the apartment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013312-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Davey moved out.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013312-166">[166]</a> In the subsequent legal separation proceedings, the judge ordered him to pay Swanson alimony. In an effort to avoid the payments, Davey unsuccessfully filed for divorce on the grounds of mental cruelty. He died within a year, not having paid anything to Swanson, and left the bulk of his estate to the <a href="/wiki/Damon_Runyon_Cancer_Research_Foundation" title="Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation">Damon Runyon Cancer Memorial Fund</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013313–314-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="William_Dufty">William Dufty</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: William Dufty">edit</a>]</div> Swanson's final marriage occurred in 1976 and lasted until her death. Her sixth husband <a href="/wiki/William_Dufty" title="William Dufty">William Dufty</a> was a writer who worked for many years at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a>, where he was assistant to the editor from 1951 to 1960. He was the co-author (ghostwriter) of <a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a>'s autobiography <a href="/wiki/Lady_Sings_the_Blues_(book)" title="Lady Sings the Blues (book)">Lady Sings the Blues</a>, the author of <a href="/wiki/Sugar_Blues" title="Sugar Blues">Sugar Blues</a>, a 1975 best-selling health book still in print, and the author of the English version of <a href="/wiki/Georges_Ohsawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Ohsawa">Georges Ohsawa</a>'s You Are All Sanpaku.<a href="#cite_note-LAT-170">[170]</a> They met in the mid-1960s and moved in together.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013363-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDufty199312,_23-172">[172]</a> Swanson shared her husband's enthusiasm for <a href="/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet" title="Macrobiotic diet">macrobiotic diets</a>, and they traveled widely together to speak about nutrition.<a href="#cite_note-PalmBeachPost-123">[123]</a> Swanson and her husband first got to know <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a> because they were fans of Dufty's work.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013381-173">[173]</a> Swanson testified on Lennon's behalf at his immigration hearing in New York City, which led to his becoming a permanent US resident.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Besides her <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> apartment, she and Dufty spent time at their homes in Beverly Hills, California; <a href="/wiki/Colares_(Sintra)" title="Colares (Sintra)">Colares, Portugal</a>; <a href="/wiki/Croton-on-Hudson,_New_York" title="Croton-on-Hudson, New York">Croton-on-Hudson, New York</a>; and Palm Springs, California.<a href="#cite_note-Harry_Ransom_Center-175">[175]</a> After Swanson's death, Dufty returned to his former home in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Michigan" title="Birmingham, Michigan">Birmingham, Michigan</a>. He died of cancer in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-LAT-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> Swanson died of a <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">heart ailment</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medical_Center" title="Weill Cornell Medical Center">New York Hospital</a> on April 4, 1983, having recently returned from her home on the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Riviera" title="Portuguese Riviera">Portuguese Riviera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-obit-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Her body was cremated and her ashes interred at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Heavenly_Rest" title="Church of the Heavenly Rest">Church of the Heavenly Rest</a> on <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> in New York City, attended by a small number of family members.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> After Swanson's death, there was a series of auctions from August to September 1983 at <a href="/wiki/William_Doyle_Galleries" class="mw-redirect" title="William Doyle Galleries">William Doyle Galleries</a> in New York. Collectors bought her furniture and decorations, jewelry, clothing, and memorabilia from her personal life and career.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_legacy">Honors and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Honors and legacy">edit</a>]</div> In 1960, Gloria Swanson was honored with two stars on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>: one for motion pictures at 6750 Hollywood Boulevard, and another for television at 6301 Hollywood Boulevard.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> In 1955 and 1957, Swanson was awarded The George Eastman Award, given by <a href="/wiki/George_Eastman_House" class="mw-redirect" title="George Eastman House">George Eastman House</a> for distinguished contribution to the art of film,<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> and in 1966, the museum honored her with a career film retrospective, titled A Tribute to Gloria Swanson, which screened several of her movies.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> In 1974, Swanson was one of the honorees of the first Telluride Film Festival.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013382-184">[184]</a> A parking lot by <a href="/wiki/Sims_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Sims Park">Sims Park</a> in downtown New Port Richey, Florida, is named after the star, who is said to have owned property along the Cotee River.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> In 1982, a year before her death, Swanson sold her archives of over 600 boxes for an undisclosed sum, including photographs, artwork, copies of films and private papers, including correspondence, contracts, and financial dealings, to the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Center</a> at the University of Texas at Austin. Upon her death in 1983, much of the remainder of her holdings was purchased by UT-Austin at an auction held at the <a href="/wiki/Doyle_New_York" title="Doyle New York">Doyle New York</a> gallery. An undisclosed amount of memorabilia was also gifted to the HRC Center between 1983 and 1988.<a href="#cite_note-Harry_Ransom_Center-175">[175]</a> In 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> chose Sunset Boulevard, along with 24 other films, "to be preserved in the permanent collection of the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> of the Library of Congress as culturally, historically, and aesthetically important".<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrayals">Portrayals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Portrayals">edit</a>]</div> Swanson has been played both on television and in film by the following actresses: <ul><li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a> on <a href="/wiki/The_Carol_Burnett_Show" title="The Carol Burnett Show">The Carol Burnett Show</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Diane_Venora" title="Diane Venora">Diane Venora</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Cotton_Club_(film)" title="The Cotton Club (film)">The Cotton Club</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolbrook2011158-188">[188]</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Madolyn_Smith" title="Madolyn Smith">Madolyn Smith</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Kennedys_of_Massachusetts" title="The Kennedys of Massachusetts">The Kennedys of Massachusetts</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Ann_Turkel" title="Ann Turkel">Ann Turkel</a> in White Hot: The Mysterious Murder of Thelma Todd<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Wiig" title="Kristen Wiig">Kristen Wiig</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Debi_Mazar" title="Debi Mazar">Debi Mazar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Return_to_Babylon" title="Return to Babylon">Return to Babylon</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stage">Stage</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Stage">edit</a>]</div> Note: The list below is limited to New York Broadway theatrical productions. <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> credits of Gloria Swanson </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Title </th> <th scope="col">Date </th> <th scope="col">Role </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref(s)</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">A Goose for the Gander </th> <td>January 23, 1945 – February 3, 1945 </td> <td>Katherine </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Bathsheba </th> <td>March 26, 1947 – April 19, 1947 </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Twentieth Century </th> <td>December 24, 1950 – June 2, 1951 </td> <td>Lily Garland </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nina </th> <td>December 5, 1951 – January 12, 1952 </td> <td>Nina </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Butterflies Are Free </th> <td>September 7, 1971 – July 2, 1972 </td> <td>Mrs. Baker </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Key </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#ffc;">† </td> <td>Denotes a <a href="/wiki/Lost_film" title="Lost film">lost</a> or presumed lost film. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shorts">Shorts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Shorts">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Short subject </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Title </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Role </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes Studio/Distributor </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref(s)</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;">The Song of the Soul † </td> <td>1914 </td> <td> </td> <td>Unconfirmed </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201314-198">[198]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;">The Misjudged Mr. Hartley † </td> <td>1915 </td> <td>Maid </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201319-199">[199]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;">At the End of a Perfect Day † </td> <td>1915 </td> <td>Hands Bouquet to Holmes </td> <td>Uncredited, actual release date of January 26, 2015 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201314-198">[198]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Ambition_of_the_Baron" title="The Ambition of the Baron">The Ambition of the Baron</a> </th> <td>1915 </td> <td>Bit part </td> <td>Essanay Film starring Francis X. Bushman </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201314-200">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/His_New_Job" title="His New Job">His New Job</a> </th> <td>1915 </td> <td>Stenographer </td> <td>Essanay Film Written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201319-199">[199]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/The_Fable_of_Elvira_and_Farina_and_the_Meal_Ticket" title="The Fable of Elvira and Farina and the Meal Ticket">The Fable of Elvira and Farina and the Meal Ticket</a> † </td> <td>1915 </td> <td>Farina, Elvira's Daughter </td> <td>Credited as Gloria Mae Essanay Film </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201319-199">[199]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Sweedie_Goes_to_College" title="Sweedie Goes to College">Sweedie Goes to College</a> † </td> <td>1915 </td> <td>College Girl </td> <td>Wallace Beery played Sweedie in a series of shorts Essanay Film </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201318-201">[201]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/The_Romance_of_an_American_Duchess" title="The Romance of an American Duchess">The Romance of an American Duchess</a> † </td> <td>1915 </td> <td>Minor Role </td> <td>Uncredited Essanay Film </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201315-202">[202]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/The_Broken_Pledge" title="The Broken Pledge">The Broken Pledge</a> † </td> <td>1915 </td> <td>Gloria </td> <td>Essanay Film </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201321-203">[203]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/A_Dash_of_Courage" title="A Dash of Courage">A Dash of Courage</a> † </td> <td>1916 </td> <td> </td> <td>Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by <a href="/wiki/Clarence_G._Badger" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarence G. Badger">Clarence G. Badger</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201322-204">[204]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Hearts_and_Sparks" title="Hearts and Sparks">Hearts and Sparks</a> † </td> <td>1916 </td> <td> </td> <td>Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201329-205">[205]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/A_Social_Cub" title="A Social Cub">A Social Cub</a> † </td> <td>1916 </td> <td> </td> <td>Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKing2009172-206">[206]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Danger_Girl_(1916_film)" title="The Danger Girl (1916 film)">The Danger Girl</a> </th> <td>1916 </td> <td>Reggie's madcap sister </td> <td>Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201324,_36,_355-207">[207]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Haystacks_and_Steeples" title="Haystacks and Steeples">Haystacks and Steeples</a> † </td> <td>1916 </td> <td> </td> <td>Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201330-208">[208]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Nick_of_Time_Baby" title="The Nick of Time Baby">The Nick of Time Baby</a> </th> <td>1916 </td> <td> </td> <td>Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201331-209">[209]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Teddy_at_the_Throttle" title="Teddy at the Throttle">Teddy at the Throttle</a> </th> <td>1917 </td> <td>Gloria Dawn, His Sweetheart </td> <td>Uncredited with Bobby Vernon Keystone/Triangle directed by Clarence G. Badger </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201334-210">[210]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Baseball_Madness" title="Baseball Madness">Baseball Madness</a> † </td> <td>1917 </td> <td> </td> <td>Victor Film/Universal </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013399n36-211">[211]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Dangers_of_a_Bride" title="Dangers of a Bride">Dangers of a Bride</a> † </td> <td>1917 </td> <td> </td> <td>Keystone/Triangle directed by Clarence G. Badger </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201335-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Whose_Baby%3F" title="Whose Baby?">Whose Baby?</a> </th> <td>1917 </td> <td> </td> <td>Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201335-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Sultan%27s_Wife" title="The Sultan's Wife">The Sultan's Wife</a> </th> <td>1917 </td> <td>Gloria </td> <td>Keystone/Triangle with Bobby Vernon directed by Clarence G. Badger </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShearer201335-15">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Pullman_Bride" title="The Pullman Bride">The Pullman Bride</a> </th> <td>1917 </td> <td>The Girl </td> <td>Paramount-Mack Sennett directed by Clarence G. Badger </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201334–35-212">[212]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/A_Trip_to_Paramountown" title="A Trip to Paramountown">A Trip to Paramountown</a> </th> <td>1922 </td> <td>Herself </td> <td>Paramount </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features">Features</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Feature film credits of Gloria Swanson </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Title </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Role </th> <th scope="col">Notes Studio/Distributor </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref(s)</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Sale" title="Society for Sale">Society for Sale</a> † </td> <td>1918 </td> <td>Phylis Clyne </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Triangle_Film_Corporation" title="Triangle Film Corporation">Triangle Film Corporation</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Her_Decision" title="Her Decision">Her Decision</a> † </td> <td>1918 </td> <td>Phyllis Dunbar </td> <td>Triangle Film Corporation directed by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Conway_(filmmaker)" title="Jack Conway (filmmaker)">Jack Conway</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013438-215">[215]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Believe_Everything" title="You Can't Believe Everything">You Can't Believe Everything</a> † </td> <td>1918 </td> <td>Patricia Reynolds </td> <td>Triangle Film Corporation directed by Jack Conway </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013439-216">[216]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Station_Content" title="Station Content">Station Content</a> </th> <td>1918 </td> <td>Kitty Manning </td> <td>Triangle Film Corporation directed by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hoyt" title="Arthur Hoyt">Arthur Hoyt</a> One reel survives </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013439-216">[216]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Everywoman%27s_Husband" title="Everywoman's Husband">Everywoman's Husband</a> </th> <td>1918 </td> <td>Edith Emerson </td> <td>Triangle Film Corporation directed by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_P._Hamilton" title="Gilbert P. Hamilton">Gilbert P. Hamilton</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013439-216">[216]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Shifting_Sands_(1918_film)" title="Shifting Sands (1918 film)">Shifting Sands</a> </th> <td>1918 </td> <td>Marcia Grey </td> <td>Triangle Film Corporation directed by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Parker_(director)" title="Albert Parker (director)">Albert Parker</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201339-217">[217]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Code_(film)" title="The Secret Code (film)">The Secret Code</a> † </td> <td>1918 </td> <td>Sally Carter Rand </td> <td>Triangle Film Corporation directed by Albert Parker </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013439-216">[216]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Wife_or_Country" title="Wife or Country">Wife or Country</a> † </td> <td>1918 </td> <td>Sylvia Hamilton </td> <td>Triangle Film Corporation directed by <a href="/wiki/E._Mason_Hopper" title="E. Mason Hopper">E. Mason Hopper</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013439-216">[216]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Change_Your_Husband" title="Don't Change Your Husband">Don't Change Your Husband</a> </th> <td>1919 </td> <td>Leila Porter </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Cecil B. DeMille </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201339-217">[217]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/For_Better,_for_Worse_(1919_film)" title="For Better, for Worse (1919 film)">For Better, for Worse</a> </th> <td>1919 </td> <td>Sylvia Norcross </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Cecil B. DeMille </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013439-216">[216]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Male_and_Female" title="Male and Female">Male and Female</a> </th> <td>1919 </td> <td>Lady Mary Lasenby </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Cecil B. DeMille </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013440-218">[218]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Why_Change_Your_Wife%3F" title="Why Change Your Wife?">Why Change Your Wife?</a> </th> <td>1920 </td> <td>Beth Gordon </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Cecil B. DeMille </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013440-218">[218]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Something_to_Think_About" title="Something to Think About">Something to Think About</a> </th> <td>1920 </td> <td>Ruth Anderson </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Cecil B. DeMille </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013440-218">[218]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Affairs_of_Anatol" title="The Affairs of Anatol">The Affairs of Anatol</a> </th> <td>1921 </td> <td>Vivian Spencer – Anatol's Wife </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Cecil B. DeMille </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013440-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirchard2009162-219">[219]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Moment_(1921_film)" title="The Great Moment (1921 film)">The Great Moment</a> † </td> <td>1921 </td> <td>Nada Pelham/Nadine Pelham </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by <a href="/wiki/Sam_Wood" title="Sam Wood">Sam Wood</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013440-218">[218]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Under_the_Lash" title="Under the Lash">Under the Lash</a> † </td> <td>1921 </td> <td>Deborah Krillet </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013440–441-220">[220]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Tell_Everything" title="Don't Tell Everything">Don't Tell Everything</a> † </td> <td>1921 </td> <td>Marian Westover </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013441-221">[221]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Her_Husband%27s_Trademark" title="Her Husband's Trademark">Her Husband's Trademark</a> </th> <td>1922 </td> <td>Lois Miller </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013441-221">[221]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Her_Gilded_Cage" title="Her Gilded Cage">Her Gilded Cage</a> † </td> <td>1922 </td> <td>Suzanne Ornoff </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013441-221">[221]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_Rocks_(film)" title="Beyond the Rocks (film)">Beyond the Rocks</a> </th> <td>1922 </td> <td>Theodora Fitzgerald </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013441-221">[221]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/The_Impossible_Mrs._Bellew" title="The Impossible Mrs. Bellew">The Impossible Mrs. Bellew</a> † </td> <td>1922 </td> <td>Betty Bellew </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013441-221">[221]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/My_American_Wife_(1922_film)" title="My American Wife (1922 film)">My American Wife</a> † </td> <td>1922 </td> <td>Natalie Chester </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013441–442-222">[222]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Prodigal_Daughters" title="Prodigal Daughters">Prodigal Daughters</a> † </td> <td>1923 </td> <td>Swifty Forbes </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013442-223">[223]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Bluebeard%27s_8th_Wife" title="Bluebeard's 8th Wife">Bluebeard's 8th Wife</a> † </td> <td>1923 </td> <td>Mona deBriac </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Sam Wood </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013442-223">[223]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(1923_film)" title="Hollywood (1923 film)">Hollywood</a> † </td> <td>1923 </td> <td>Cameo role </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Zaza_(1923_film)" title="Zaza (1923 film)">Zaza</a> </th> <td>1923 </td> <td>Zaza </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by <a href="/wiki/Allan_Dwan" title="Allan Dwan">Allan Dwan</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013442-223">[223]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Humming_Bird_(1924_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Humming Bird (1924 film)">The Humming Bird</a> </th> <td>1924 </td> <td>Toinette </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Olcott" title="Sidney Olcott">Sidney Olcott</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013442-223">[223]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/A_Society_Scandal" title="A Society Scandal">A Society Scandal</a> † </td> <td>1924 </td> <td>Marjorie Colbert </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Allan Dwan </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013442-223">[223]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Manhandled_(1924_film)" title="Manhandled (1924 film)">Manhandled</a> </th> <td>1924 </td> <td>Tessie McGuire </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Allan Dwan </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013442-223">[223]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Her_Love_Story" title="Her Love Story">Her Love Story</a> † </td> <td>1924 </td> <td>Princess Marie </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Allan Dwan </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013443-225">[225]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Wages_of_Virtue" title="Wages of Virtue">Wages of Virtue</a> † </td> <td>1924 </td> <td>Carmelita </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Allan Dwan </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013443-225">[225]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/Madame_Sans-G%C3%AAne_(1925_film)" title="Madame Sans-Gêne (1925 film)">Madame Sans-Gêne</a> † </td> <td>1925 </td> <td>Madame Sans-Gêne </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9once_Perret" title="Léonce Perret">Léonce Perret</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013443-225">[225]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/The_Coast_of_Folly" title="The Coast of Folly">The Coast of Folly</a> † </td> <td>1925 </td> <td>Joyce Gathway/Nadine Gathway </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Allan Dwan </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013443-225">[225]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Stage_Struck_(1925_film)" title="Stage Struck (1925 film)">Stage Struck</a> </th> <td>1925 </td> <td>Jennie Hagen </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by Allan Dwan </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013443-225">[225]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/The_Untamed_Lady" title="The Untamed Lady">The Untamed Lady</a> † </td> <td>1926 </td> <td>St. Clair Van Tassel </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Tuttle" title="Frank Tuttle">Frank Tuttle</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013444-226">[226]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fine_Manners" title="Fine Manners">Fine Manners</a> </th> <td>1926 </td> <td>Orchid Murphy </td> <td>Famous Players–Lasky/Paramount directed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rosson" title="Richard Rosson">Richard Rosson</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013444-226">[226]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Love_of_Sunya" title="The Love of Sunya">The Love of Sunya</a> </th> <td>1927 </td> <td>Sunya Ashling </td> <td>Swanson Producing Corporation/United Artists directed by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Parker_(director)" title="Albert Parker (director)">Albert Parker</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013444-226">[226]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Sadie_Thompson_(film)" title="Sadie Thompson (film)">Sadie Thompson</a> </th> <td>1928 </td> <td>Sadie Thompson </td> <td>Gloria Swanson Productions/United Artists directed by <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Walsh" title="Raoul Walsh">Raoul Walsh</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013444-226">[226]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Kelly" title="Queen Kelly">Queen Kelly</a> </th> <td>1928 </td> <td>Kitty Kelly/Queen Kelly </td> <td>Joseph P. Kennedy/United Artists directed by Erich von Stroheim </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013444-226">[226]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Trespasser_(1929_film)" title="The Trespasser (1929 film)">The Trespasser</a> </th> <td>1929 </td> <td>Marion Donnell </td> <td>Gloria Productions/United Artists directed by <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Goulding" title="Edmund Goulding">Edmund Goulding</a> Released in two versions, one silent, and the other with sound </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013444–445-65">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffc;"><a href="/wiki/What_a_Widow!" title="What a Widow!">What a Widow!</a> † </td> <td>1930 </td> <td>Tamarind Brook </td> <td>Gloria Productions/United Artists directed by Allan Dwan </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013445-227">[227]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Indiscreet_(1931_film)" title="Indiscreet (1931 film)">Indiscreet</a> </th> <td>1931 </td> <td>Geraldine "Gerry" Trent </td> <td>Feature Productions, Inc. A DeSylva, Brown & Henderson Production directed by <a href="/wiki/Leo_McCarey" title="Leo McCarey">Leo McCarey</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013445-227">[227]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tonight_or_Never_(1931_film)" title="Tonight or Never (1931 film)">Tonight or Never</a> </th> <td>1931 </td> <td>Nella Vago </td> <td>Feature Productions, Inc./United Artists directed by <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_LeRoy" title="Mervyn LeRoy">Mervyn LeRoy</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013445-227">[227]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Perfect_Understanding" title="Perfect Understanding">Perfect Understanding</a> </th> <td>1933 </td> <td>Judy Rogers </td> <td>Gloria Swanson British Productions, Ltd./United Artists directed by <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Gardner" title="Cyril Gardner">Cyril Gardner</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013445–446-228">[228]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_Air_(film)" title="Music in the Air (film)">Music in the Air</a> </th> <td>1934 </td> <td>Frieda Hotzfelt </td> <td>Erich Pommer Productions/Fox Film directed by <a href="/wiki/Joe_May" title="Joe May">Joe May</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013446-229">[229]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Father_Takes_a_Wife" title="Father Takes a Wife">Father Takes a Wife</a> </th> <td>1941 </td> <td>Leslie Collier Osborne </td> <td>Marcus Lee/RKO Radio Pictures, Inc. directed by William Dorfman </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013446-229">[229]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(film)" title="Sunset Boulevard (film)">Sunset Boulevard</a> </th> <td>1950 </td> <td>Norma Desmond </td> <td>Charles Brackett/Paramount directed by <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013446-229">[229]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/3_for_Bedroom_C" title="3 for Bedroom C">3 for Bedroom C</a> </th> <td>1952 </td> <td>Ann Haven/costume designer </td> <td>Brenco Pictures Corporation/Warner Bros. directed by <a href="/wiki/Milton_H._Bren" title="Milton H. Bren">Milton H. Bren</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013446–447-230">[230]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nero%27s_Mistress" title="Nero's Mistress">Nero's Mistress</a> </th> <td>1956 </td> <td>Agrippina </td> <td>Les Films Marceau and Titanus/Manhattan Films International directed by <a href="/wiki/Steno_(director)" title="Steno (director)">Steno</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013447-95">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Airport_1975" title="Airport 1975">Airport 1975</a> </th> <td>1974 </td> <td>Herself </td> <td>Universal Pictures directed by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Smight" title="Jack Smight">Jack Smight</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013447-95">[95]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Television">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Television </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Title </th> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Role </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref(s)</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">The Gloria Swanson Hour </th> <td>1948 </td> <td>Hostess </td> <td>Variety show </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013315–317-231">[231]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">The Peter Lind Hayes Show </th> <td>1950 </td> <td>Herself </td> <td>Episode #1.1 sitcom show </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Opening_Night" title="Hollywood Opening Night">Hollywood Opening Night</a> </th> <td>1953 </td> <td> </td> <td>Episode: "The Pattern" </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Crown Theatre with Gloria Swanson </th> <td>1954–1955 </td> <td>Hostess </td> <td>25 episodes </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013347–348-96">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Steve_Allen_Show" title="The Steve Allen Show">The Steve Allen Show</a> </th> <td>1957 </td> <td>Norma Desmond </td> <td>Episode #3.8 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013359-234">[234]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Straightaway_(TV_series)" title="Straightaway (TV series)">Straightaway</a> </th> <td>1961 </td> <td>Lorraine Carrington </td> <td>Episode: "A Toast to Yesterday" </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dr._Kildare_(TV_series)" title="Dr. Kildare (TV series)">Dr. Kildare</a> </th> <td>1963 </td> <td>Julia Colton </td> <td>Episode: "The Good Luck Charm" </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013358-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Burke%27s_Law_(1963_TV_series)" title="Burke's Law (1963 TV series)">Burke's Law</a> </th> <td>1963–1964 </td> <td>Various roles </td> <td>2 episodes </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013358-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kraft_Suspense_Theatre" title="Kraft Suspense Theatre">Kraft Suspense Theatre</a> </th> <td>1964 </td> <td>Mrs. Charlotte Heaton </td> <td>Segment: "Who Is Jennifer?" </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013358-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock_Presents" title="Alfred Hitchcock Presents">The Alfred Hitchcock Hour</a> </th> <td>1964 </td> <td>Mrs. Daniels </td> <td>Episode: "Behind the Locked Door" </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013358-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/My_Three_Sons" title="My Three Sons">My Three Sons</a> </th> <td>1965 </td> <td>Margaret McSterling </td> <td>Episode: "The Fountain of Youth" </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013358-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Casey" title="Ben Casey">Ben Casey</a> </th> <td>1965 </td> <td>Victoria Hoffman </td> <td>Episode: "Minus That Rusty Old Hacksaw" </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013358-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Beverly_Hillbillies" title="The Beverly Hillbillies">The Beverly Hillbillies</a> </th> <td>1966 </td> <td>Herself </td> <td>Episode: "The Gloria Swanson Story" </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013358-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">The Eternal Tramp Special </th> <td>1972 </td> <td>Narrator </td> <td>aka <a href="/wiki/Chaplinesque,_My_Life_and_Hard_Times" title="Chaplinesque, My Life and Hard Times">Chaplinesque, My Life and Hard Times</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Carol_Burnett_Show" title="The Carol Burnett Show">The Carol Burnett Show</a> </th> <td>1973 </td> <td>Herself </td> <td>Episode #7.3 </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013377–378-99">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Killer_Bees_(1974_film)" title="Killer Bees (1974 film)">Killer Bees</a> </th> <td>1974 </td> <td>Madame Maria von Bohlen </td> <td>Television movie </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013375–376-237">[237]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Debate_(Canadian_TV_series)" title="The Great Debate (Canadian TV series)">The Great Debate</a> </th> <td>1974 </td> <td>Herself </td> <td>Canadian interview show with James Bawden </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBawdenMiller201614–25-238">[238]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(British_TV_series)" title="Hollywood (British TV series)">Hollywood</a> </th> <td>1980 </td> <td>Herself </td> <td>Television documentary </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Awards and nominations">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Award </th> <th scope="col">Result </th> <th scope="col">Category </th> <th scope="col">Film or series </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref(s)</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1929 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Best Actress</a> </td> <td>Sadie Thompson </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars-48">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1931 </th> <td>The Trespasser </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-1931Oscars-61">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1951 </th> <td rowspan="2">Sunset Boulevard </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1951 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama">Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1964 </th> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td>Best TV Star – Female </td> <td>Burke's Law </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013358-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #EAEAEA;"> <th scope="row">1951 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nastro_d%27Argento" title="Nastro d'Argento">Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td>Best Actress – Foreign Film (Migliore Attrice Straniera) </td> <td rowspan="3">Sunset Boulevard </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #EAEAEA;"> <th scope="row">1951 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jussi_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Jussi Award">Jussi Award</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td>Best Foreign Actress </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #EAEAEA;"> <th scope="row">1950 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_of_Motion_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="National Board of Review of Motion Pictures">National Board of Review of Motion Pictures</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_of_Motion_Pictures#Award_categories" class="mw-redirect" title="National Board of Review of Motion Pictures">Best Actress</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #EAEAEA;"> <th scope="row">1980 </th> <td>Career Achievement Award </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-</div> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #EAEAEA;"> <th scope="row">1975 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturn Award">Saturn Award</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td>Special Award </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">-</div> </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_with_Academy_Award_nominations" title="List of actors with Academy Award nominations">List of actors with Academy Award nominations</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output 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portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/19px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/29px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/38px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/187518%7C62549/Gloria-Swanson/#overview">"Gloria Swanson"</a>. tcm.com. Turner Classic Movies, Inc. Retrieved November 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tcm.com&rft.atitle=Gloria+Swanson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Ftcmdb%2Fperson%2F187518%257C62549%2FGloria-Swanson%2F%23overview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuirk198415,_17-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuirk198415,_17_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFQuirk1984">Quirk 1984</a>, pp. 15, 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuirk198417-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuirk198417_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFQuirk1984">Quirk 1984</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarzigMatovic2018283-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarzigMatovic2018283_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarzigMatovic2018">Harzig & Matovic 2018</a>, p. 283. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch20136–8-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelsch20136–8_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWelsch2013">Welsch 2013</a>, pp. 6–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch20139–11-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelsch20139–11_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWelsch2013">Welsch 2013</a>, pp. 9–11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201311–12-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelsch201311–12_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWelsch2013">Welsch 2013</a>, pp. 11–12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201312-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelsch201312_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWelsch2013">Welsch 2013</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch201313-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelsch201313_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelsch201313_9-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWelsch2013">Welsch 2013</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_10-2">c</a> 1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf">How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf">How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a>. 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Retrieved May 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tampa+Tribune&rft.atitle=Miss+Swanson+Divorces+Her+4th+Husband&rft.date=1934-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F52170708%2Fmiss-swanson-divorces-her-4th-husband%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013275-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013275_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWelsch2013">Welsch 2013</a>, p. 275. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013278,_281-160"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013278,_281_160-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWelsch2013">Welsch 2013</a>, pp. 278, 281. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1935" class="citation magazine cs1">Lee, Sonia (April 1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/pictureplay4143stre#page/n311/mode/2up/search/%22herbert+marshall%22">"Scared of Spring"</a>. Picture Play Magazine. Vol. 42. p. 70. Retrieved May 27, 2020. <q>Hollywood is wondering if Gloria Swanson, once free of Michael Farmer, will make Herbert husband Number Five</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Picture+Play+Magazine&rft.atitle=Scared+of+Spring&rft.volume=42&rft.pages=70&rft.date=1935-04&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fpictureplay4143stre%23page%2Fn311%2Fmode%2F2up%2Fsearch%2F%2522herbert%2Bmarshall%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeak1935" class="citation news cs1">Peak, Mayme Ober (January 13, 1935). "To Be Called Sauve Gets on My Nerves". Daily Boston Globe. p. B5. <q>Now the Marshalls are separated by more than an ocean and continent. Since their separation, gossip has romantically linked the names of Gloria Swanson and Herbert Marshall. They are constantly seen together.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=To+Be+Called+Sauve+Gets+on+My+Nerves&rft.pages=B5&rft.date=1935-01-13&rft.aulast=Peak&rft.aufirst=Mayme+Ober&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19340925&id=nSUbAAAAIBAJ&pg=3826,3593485">"Film Writer Socks Actor in Row Over Gloria Swanson; Foes Tell Different Versions of How It All Happened"</a>. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. September 25, 1934. p. 1. Retrieved May 27, 2020. <q>...Swanson, whose name has been linked romantically with Mr. Marshall's prior to and since her separation from Michael Farmer. Mr. Marshall is likewise separated from Edna Best, English actress.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.atitle=Film+Writer+Socks+Actor+in+Row+Over+Gloria+Swanson%3B+Foes+Tell+Different+Versions+of+How+It+All+Happened&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1934-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1144%26dat%3D19340925%26id%3DnSUbAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3826%2C3593485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013298-164"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013298_164-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWelsch2013">Welsch 2013</a>, p. 298. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013311-165"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013311_165-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWelsch2013">Welsch 2013</a>, p. 311. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013312-166">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013312_166-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelsch2013312_166-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWelsch2013">Welsch 2013</a>, p. 312. </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52231712/gloria-swanson-tells-daveys-drinking/">"Gloria Swanson Tells Davey's Drinking Habit"</a>. 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Vanity Fair.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=CONVERSATIONS+WITH+LENNON&rft.date=2001-11&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.vanityfair.com%2Farticle%2F2001%2F11%2F01%2Fconversations-with-lennon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harry_Ransom_Center-175">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harry_Ransom_Center_175-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harry_Ransom_Center_175-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/uthrc/00154/hrc-00154.html">"An Inventory of Her Papers at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center"</a>. University Texas Website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200504071541/https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/uthrc/00154/hrc-00154.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+Texas+Website&rft.atitle=An+Inventory+of+Her+Papers+at+the+Harry+Ransom+Humanities+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.utexas.edu%2Ftaro%2Futhrc%2F00154%2Fhrc-00154.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-176"><a href="#cite_ref-obit_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlint1983" class="citation news cs1">Flint, Peter B. (April 5, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102230128/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/05/obituaries/gloria-swanson-dies-20-s-film-idol.html">"Gloria Swanson Dies. 20's Film Idol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. A1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/04/05/obituaries/gloria-swanson-dies-20-s-film-idol.html">the original</a> on November 2, 2014. <q>Gloria Swanson, a symbol of enduring glamour who was perhaps the most glittering goddess of Hollywood's golden youth in the 1920s, died of a heart ailment yesterday in New York Hospital. The actress entered the hospital two weeks ago after suffering what friends said was a mild heart attack...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gloria+Swanson+Dies.+20%27s+Film+Idol&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=1983-04-05&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=Peter+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F04%2F05%2Fobituaries%2Fgloria-swanson-dies-20-s-film-idol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yXMsAAAAIBAJ&pg=6910,654278">"Gloria Swanson Dies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_Herald-Journal" title="Syracuse Herald-Journal">Herald-Journal</a>. Associated Press. April 5, 1983. Retrieved October 10, 2012. <q>Gloria Swanson, the quintessential glamour girl who reigned in Hollywood's golden age died in her sleep at New York Hospital early Monday. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald-Journal&rft.atitle=Gloria+Swanson+Dies&rft.date=1983-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DyXMsAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6910%2C654278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonnelley2003" class="citation book cs1">Donnelley, Paul (2003). Fade to Black: A Book of Movie Obituaries. Omnibus. p. 887. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7119-9512-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7119-9512-5"><bdi>0-7119-9512-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fade+to+Black%3A+A+Book+of+Movie+Obituaries&rft.pages=887&rft.pub=Omnibus&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7119-9512-5&rft.aulast=Donnelley&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57641537/182000-spent-for-memorabilia-of-star/">"$182,000 spent for memorabilia of star Swanson"</a>. Press and Sun-Bulletin. 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The University Press of Kentucky. pp. 14–26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-6712-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-6712-1"><bdi>978-0-8131-6712-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gloria+Swanson&rft.btitle=Conversations+with+Classic+Film+Stars%3A+Interviews+from+Hollywood%27s+Golden+Era&rft.pages=14-26&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-6712-1&rft.aulast=Bawden&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Miller%2C+Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fchapter%2F1752337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988">(subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeauchamp2009" class="citation book cs1">Beauchamp, Cari (2009). Joseph P. Kennedy presents : his Hollywood years (First Vintage books ed.). New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-47522-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-47522-0"><bdi>978-0-307-47522-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+P.+Kennedy+presents+%3A+his+Hollywood+years&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First+Vintage+books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-307-47522-0&rft.aulast=Beauchamp&rft.aufirst=Cari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirchard2009" class="citation book cs1">Birchard, Robert S. S. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/14354">Cecil B. DeMille's Hollywood</a>. The University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2636-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-2636-4"><bdi>978-0-8131-2636-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cecil+B.+DeMille%27s+Hollywood&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-2636-4&rft.aulast=Birchard&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fbook%2F14354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988">(subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarper2009" class="citation book cs1">Carper, James C. (2009). The Praeger handbook of religion and education in the United States. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-99227-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-99227-9"><bdi>978-0-275-99227-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Praeger+handbook+of+religion+and+education+in+the+United+States&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-275-99227-9&rft.aulast=Carper&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesjardins2015" class="citation book cs1">Desjardins, Mary R. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iyKDCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT11">Recycled Stars: Female Film Stardom in the Age of Television and Video</a>. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-7603-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-7603-3"><bdi>978-0-8223-7603-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recycled+Stars%3A+Female+Film+Stardom+in+the+Age+of+Television+and+Video&rft.place=Durham%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-7603-3&rft.aulast=Desjardins&rft.aufirst=Mary+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiyKDCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDufty1993" class="citation book cs1">Dufty, William (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SugarBlues_201806/page/n7/mode/1up">Sugar Blues</a>. Grand Central Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sugar+Blues&rft.pub=Grand+Central+Publishing&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Dufty&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSugarBlues_201806%2Fpage%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarzigMatovic2018" class="citation book cs1">Harzig, Christiane; Matovic, Margareta, eds. (2018). "Embracing a Middle-Class Life: Swedish-American Women in Lake View". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/2195998">Peasant Maids, City Women: From the European Countryside to Urban America</a>. Cornell University Press. pp. 261–298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-2554-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-2554-8"><bdi>978-1-5017-2554-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Embracing+a+Middle-Class+Life%3A+Swedish-American+Women+in+Lake+View&rft.btitle=Peasant+Maids%2C+City+Women%3A+From+the+European+Countryside+to+Urban+America&rft.pages=261-298&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-5017-2554-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fchapter%2F2195998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988">(subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHershfield2000" class="citation book cs1">Hershfield, Joanne (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/31973">Invention Of Dolores Del Rio</a>. University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-5282-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-5282-2"><bdi>978-0-8166-5282-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invention+Of+Dolores+Del+Rio&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-5282-2&rft.aulast=Hershfield&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fbook%2F31973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988">(subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolbrook2011" class="citation book cs1">Holbrook, Morris (2011). Music, Movies, Meanings, and Markets : Cinemajazzamatazz. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-81553-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-81553-3"><bdi>978-0-203-81553-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music%2C+Movies%2C+Meanings%2C+and+Markets+%3A+Cinemajazzamatazz.&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-203-81553-3&rft.aulast=Holbrook&rft.aufirst=Morris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2009" class="citation book cs1">King, Rob (2009). The fun factory : the Keystone Film Company and the emergence of mass culture. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25538-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25538-8"><bdi>978-0-520-25538-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+fun+factory+%3A+the+Keystone+Film+Company+and+the+emergence+of+mass+culture&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-520-25538-8&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Rob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLennig2000" class="citation book cs1">Lennig, Arthur (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/12345">Stroheim</a>. The University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-7125-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-7125-8"><bdi>978-0-8131-7125-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stroheim&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-7125-8&rft.aulast=Lennig&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fbook%2F12345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988">(subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoss2011" class="citation book cs1">Moss, Marilyn (2011). "Pre-Code Walsh". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/40314">Raoul Walsh: The True Adventures of Hollywood's Legendary Director</a>. The University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-3394-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-3394-2"><bdi>978-0-8131-3394-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pre-Code+Walsh&rft.btitle=Raoul+Walsh%3A+The+True+Adventures+of+Hollywood%27s+Legendary+Director&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-3394-2&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fchapter%2F40314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988">(subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson1964" class="citation web cs1">Pearson, Drew (May 14, 1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232324/http://dspace.wrlc.org/doc/bitstream/2041/50658/b18f14-0514zdisplay.pdf">"The Washington Merry-Go-Round"</a> (PDF). dspace.wrlc.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dspace.wrlc.org/doc/bitstream/2041/50658/b18f14-0514zdisplay.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on January 16, 2013. Retrieved September 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Washington+Merry-Go-Round&rft.pub=dspace.wrlc.org&rft.date=1964-05-14&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdspace.wrlc.org%2Fdoc%2Fbitstream%2F2041%2F50658%2Fb18f14-0514zdisplay.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2010" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, Gene (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/1400">Some Like It Wilder: The Life and Controversial Films of Billy Wilder</a>. The University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-7367-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8131-7367-2"><bdi>978-0-8131-7367-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Like+It+Wilder%3A+The+Life+and+Controversial+Films+of+Billy+Wilder&rft.pub=The+University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8131-7367-2&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fbook%2F1400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988">(subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuirk1984" class="citation book cs1">Quirk, Lawrence J. (1984). The Films of Gloria Swanson. Citadel Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8065-0874-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8065-0874-4"><bdi>0-8065-0874-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Films+of+Gloria+Swanson&rft.pub=Citadel+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8065-0874-4&rft.aulast=Quirk&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShearer2013" class="citation book cs1">Shearer, Stephen Michael (2013). Gloria Swanson : the Ultimate Star. Thomas Dunne Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-00155-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-00155-9"><bdi>978-1-250-00155-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gloria+Swanson+%3A+the+Ultimate+Star&rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-250-00155-9&rft.aulast=Shearer&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyman2010" class="citation book cs1">Syman, Stefanie (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/subtlebodystoryo0000syma/page/188/mode/1up">The Subtle Body: the Story of Yoga in America</a>. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-53284-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-53284-0"><bdi>978-0-374-53284-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/456171421">456171421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Subtle+Body%3A+the+Story+of+Yoga+in+America&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F456171421&rft.isbn=978-0-374-53284-0&rft.aulast=Syman&rft.aufirst=Stefanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsubtlebodystoryo0000syma%2Fpage%2F188%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomson2014" class="citation book cs1">Thomson, David (2014). The New Biographical Dictionary of Film (Sixth ed.). New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-71184-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-71184-8"><bdi>978-0-375-71184-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Biographical+Dictionary+of+Film&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Sixth&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-375-71184-8&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelsch2013" class="citation book cs1">Welsch, Tricia (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/26271">Gloria Swanson: Ready for Her Close-Up</a>. University Press of Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62103-991-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62103-991-4"><bdi>978-1-62103-991-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gloria+Swanson%3A+Ready+for+Her+Close-Up&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-62103-991-4&rft.aulast=Welsch&rft.aufirst=Tricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fbook%2F26271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988">(subscription required)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMino1925" class="citation book cs1">Mino, Salvestri (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fondazionecsc.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Gloria__Swanson_1.pdf">Gloria Swanson: La grande attrice di moda</a> (PDF). Milan, Gloriosa Editore.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gloria+Swanson%3A+La+grande+attrice+di+moda&rft.pub=Milan%2C+Gloriosa+Editore&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Mino&rft.aufirst=Salvestri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffondazionecsc.b-cdn.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F11%2FGloria__Swanson_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 60em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCard1994" class="citation book cs1">Card, James (1994). Seductive Cinema: The Art of Silent Film (paperback reprint). University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8166-3390-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8166-3390-8"><bdi>0-8166-3390-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seductive+Cinema%3A+The+Art+of+Silent+Film&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8166-3390-8&rft.aulast=Card&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson1970" class="citation book cs1">Hudson, Richard (1970). Gloria Swanson. Castle Books. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/75-88280">75-88280</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gloria+Swanson&rft.pub=Castle+Books&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F75-88280&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKobal1985" class="citation book cs1">Kobal, John (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/peoplewilltalk00koba">People Will Talk</a>. Knopf, New York. Especially Introduction and Chapter 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-53660-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-53660-6"><bdi>0-394-53660-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=People+Will+Talk&rft.pages=Especially+Introduction+and+Chapter+1&rft.pub=Knopf%2C+New+York&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-394-53660-6&rft.aulast=Kobal&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpeoplewilltalk00koba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaggs2003" class="citation book cs1">Staggs, Sam (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/closeuponsunsetb00stag">Close-up on Sunset Boulevard: Billy Wilder, Norma Desmond, and the Dark Hollywood Dream</a>. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-27453-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-27453-X"><bdi>0-312-27453-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Close-up+on+Sunset+Boulevard%3A+Billy+Wilder%2C+Norma+Desmond%2C+and+the+Dark+Hollywood+Dream&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-312-27453-X&rft.aulast=Staggs&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcloseuponsunsetb00stag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapert1998" class="citation book cs1">Tapert, Annette (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/powerofglamourwo0000tape">The Power of Glamour</a>. Crown Publishers, Inc. Introduction and Chapter 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-70376-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-70376-9"><bdi>0-517-70376-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+Glamour&rft.pages=Introduction+and+Chapter+1&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-517-70376-9&rft.aulast=Tapert&rft.aufirst=Annette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpowerofglamourwo0000tape&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGloria+Swanson" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Gloria Swanson at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gloria_Swanson" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Gloria Swanson">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" class="extiw" title="q:Gloria Swanson">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229232" class="extiw" title="d:Q229232">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: General">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Person/62549-Gloria-Swanson">Gloria Swanson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">American Film Institute Catalog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0841797/">Gloria Swanson</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/68850">Gloria Swanson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229232#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/187518%7C62549/wp">Gloria Swanson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229232#P3056" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-gloria-swanson/">Gloria Swanson</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221131937/https://wfpp.cdrs.columbia.edu/pioneer/ccp-gloria-swanson/">Archived</a> December 21, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the Women Film Pioneers Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gswanson.weebly.com/">Glorious Gloria Swanson</a> – Tribute site</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId=ead/00154.xml&query=gloria%20swanson&query-join=and/">Gloria Swanson's papers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232315/http://research.hrc.utexas.edu:8080/hrcxtf/view?docId=ead%2F00154.xml&query=gloria%20swanson&query-join=and%2F">Archived</a> January 16, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/">Harry Ransom Center</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Texas_at_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Texas at Austin">the University of Texas at Austin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=708">Gloria Swanson photographs and bibliography</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interviews">Interviews</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Swanson&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Interviews">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://solstice.ischool.utexas.edu/tmwi/index.php/Gloria_Swanson">Gloria Swanson</a>, video of <a href="/wiki/The_Mike_Wallace_Interview" title="The Mike Wallace Interview">The Mike Wallace Interview</a>, April 28, 1957</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlqAsesmLQ0&#t=27m01s">Gloria Swanson, interview on Dick Cavett Show</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, August 3, 1970</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Gloria_Swanson" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Gloria_Swanson" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Gloria Swanson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture_–_Drama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actress_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Template:Golden Globe Award Best Actress Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actress_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award Best Actress Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Actress_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award Best Actress Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture_–_Drama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Drama" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama">Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1943–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Jones" title="Jennifer Jones">Jennifer Jones</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Russell" title="Rosalind Russell">Rosalind Russell</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Wyman" title="Jane Wyman">Jane Wyman</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a> (1949)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Swanson</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Wyman" title="Jane Wyman">Jane Wyman</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Booth" title="Shirley Booth">Shirley Booth</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Kelly" title="Grace Kelly">Grace Kelly</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Magnani" title="Anna Magnani">Anna Magnani</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Hayward" title="Susan Hayward">Susan Hayward</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greer_Garson" title="Greer Garson">Greer Garson</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Page" title="Geraldine Page">Geraldine Page</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Page" title="Geraldine Page">Geraldine Page</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Caron" title="Leslie Caron">Leslie Caron</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bancroft" title="Anne Bancroft">Anne Bancroft</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Eggar" title="Samantha Eggar">Samantha Eggar</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anouk_Aim%C3%A9e" title="Anouk Aimée">Anouk Aimée</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Evans" title="Edith Evans">Edith Evans</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Bujold" title="Geneviève Bujold">Geneviève Bujold</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_MacGraw" title="Ali MacGraw">Ali MacGraw</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Mason" title="Marsha Mason">Marsha Mason</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gena_Rowlands" title="Gena Rowlands">Gena Rowlands</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Fletcher" title="Louise Fletcher">Louise Fletcher</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Dunaway" title="Faye Dunaway">Faye Dunaway</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Field" title="Sally Field">Sally Field</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore" title="Mary Tyler Moore">Mary Tyler Moore</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Field" title="Sally Field">Sally Field</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlee_Matlin" title="Marlee Matlin">Marlee Matlin</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Kirkland" title="Sally Kirkland">Sally Kirkland</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sigourney_Weaver" title="Sigourney Weaver">Sigourney Weaver</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Pfeiffer" title="Michelle Pfeiffer">Michelle Pfeiffer</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Bates" title="Kathy Bates">Kathy Bates</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Hunter" title="Holly Hunter">Holly Hunter</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Lange" title="Jessica Lange">Jessica Lange</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Stone" title="Sharon Stone">Sharon Stone</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Blethyn" title="Brenda Blethyn">Brenda Blethyn</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Swank" title="Hilary Swank">Hilary Swank</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Roberts" title="Julia Roberts">Julia Roberts</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sissy_Spacek" title="Sissy Spacek">Sissy Spacek</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlize_Theron" title="Charlize Theron">Charlize Theron</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Swank" title="Hilary Swank">Hilary Swank</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felicity_Huffman" title="Felicity Huffman">Felicity Huffman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Christie" title="Julie Christie">Julie Christie</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Winslet" title="Kate Winslet">Kate Winslet</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Bullock" title="Sandra Bullock">Sandra Bullock</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Portman" title="Natalie Portman">Natalie Portman</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Chastain" title="Jessica Chastain">Jessica Chastain</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julianne_Moore" title="Julianne Moore">Julianne Moore</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brie_Larson" title="Brie Larson">Brie Larson</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Huppert" title="Isabelle Huppert">Isabelle Huppert</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_McDormand" title="Frances McDormand">Frances McDormand</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Close" title="Glenn Close">Glenn Close</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger" title="Renée Zellweger">Renée Zellweger</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andra_Day" title="Andra Day">Andra Day</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Gladstone" title="Lily Gladstone">Lily Gladstone</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Actress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Template talk:National Board of Review Award for Best Actress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Actress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="National Board of Review Award for Best Actress">National Board of Review Award for Best Actress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1945–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Crawford" title="Joan Crawford">Joan Crawford</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Magnani" title="Anna Magnani">Anna Magnani</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Johnson" title="Celia Johnson">Celia Johnson</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a> (1948)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Swanson</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Sterling" title="Jan Sterling">Jan Sterling</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Booth" title="Shirley Booth">Shirley Booth</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Simmons" title="Jean Simmons">Jean Simmons</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Kelly" title="Grace Kelly">Grace Kelly</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Magnani" title="Anna Magnani">Anna Magnani</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_McGuire" title="Dorothy McGuire">Dorothy McGuire</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Signoret" title="Simone Signoret">Simone Signoret</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greer_Garson" title="Greer Garson">Greer Garson</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Page" title="Geraldine Page">Geraldine Page</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bancroft" title="Anne Bancroft">Anne Bancroft</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Neal" title="Patricia Neal">Patricia Neal</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley" title="Kim Stanley">Kim Stanley</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Christie" title="Julie Christie">Julie Christie</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Evans" title="Edith Evans">Edith Evans</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Page" title="Geraldine Page">Geraldine Page</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenda_Jackson" title="Glenda Jackson">Glenda Jackson</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Papas" title="Irene Papas">Irene Papas</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gena_Rowlands" title="Gena Rowlands">Gena Rowlands</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Adjani" title="Isabelle Adjani">Isabelle Adjani</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bancroft" title="Anne Bancroft">Anne Bancroft</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Field" title="Sally Field">Sally Field</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sissy_Spacek" title="Sissy Spacek">Sissy Spacek</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenda_Jackson" title="Glenda Jackson">Glenda Jackson</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Turner" title="Kathleen Turner">Kathleen Turner</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Holly_Hunter" title="Holly Hunter">Holly Hunter</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodie_Foster" title="Jodie Foster">Jodie Foster</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Pfeiffer" title="Michelle Pfeiffer">Michelle Pfeiffer</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Farrow" title="Mia Farrow">Mia Farrow</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geena_Davis" title="Geena Davis">Geena Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sarandon" title="Susan Sarandon">Susan Sarandon</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Hunter" title="Holly Hunter">Holly Hunter</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_Richardson" title="Miranda Richardson">Miranda Richardson</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_McDormand" title="Frances McDormand">Frances McDormand</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Bonham_Carter" title="Helena Bonham Carter">Helena Bonham Carter</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernanda_Montenegro" title="Fernanda Montenegro">Fernanda Montenegro</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_McTeer" title="Janet McTeer">Janet McTeer</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Roberts" title="Julia Roberts">Julia Roberts</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halle_Berry" title="Halle Berry">Halle Berry</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julianne_Moore" title="Julianne Moore">Julianne Moore</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Keaton" title="Diane Keaton">Diane Keaton</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Bening" title="Annette Bening">Annette Bening</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felicity_Huffman" title="Felicity Huffman">Felicity Huffman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Christie" title="Julie Christie">Julie Christie</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hathaway" title="Anne Hathaway">Anne Hathaway</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carey_Mulligan" title="Carey Mulligan">Carey Mulligan</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesley_Manville" title="Lesley Manville">Lesley Manville</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilda_Swinton" title="Tilda Swinton">Tilda Swinton</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Chastain" title="Jessica Chastain">Jessica Chastain</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julianne_Moore" title="Julianne Moore">Julianne Moore</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brie_Larson" title="Brie Larson">Brie Larson</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Adams" title="Amy Adams">Amy Adams</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Zellweger" title="Renée Zellweger">Renée Zellweger</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carey_Mulligan" title="Carey Mulligan">Carey Mulligan</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Zegler" title="Rachel Zegler">Rachel Zegler</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Yeoh" title="Michelle Yeoh">Michelle Yeoh</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Gladstone" title="Lily Gladstone">Lily Gladstone</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_Pal_Memorial_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #6CC"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_George_Pal_Memorial_Award" title="Template:The George Pal Memorial Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_George_Pal_Memorial_Award" title="Template talk:The George Pal Memorial Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_George_Pal_Memorial_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The George Pal Memorial Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Pal_Memorial_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_George_Pal_Memorial_Award" title="The George Pal Memorial Award">George Pal Memorial Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>C. Dean Anderson (1975)</li> <li>Don Fanzo (1975)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gloria Swanson</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fay_Wray" title="Fay Wray">Fay Wray</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Badham" title="John Badham">John Badham</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Meyer" title="Nicholas Meyer">Nicholas Meyer</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Trumbull" title="Douglas Trumbull">Douglas Trumbull</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Band" title="Charles Band">Charles Band</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Leibovit" title="Arnold Leibovit">Arnold Leibovit</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Cohen" title="Larry Cohen">Larry Cohen</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Roddenberry" title="Gene Roddenberry">Gene Roddenberry</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Marshall_(filmmaker)" title="Frank Marshall (filmmaker)">Frank Marshall</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wah_Chang" title="Wah Chang">Wah Chang</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Warren" title="Gene Warren">Gene Warren</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Winston" title="Stan Winston">Stan Winston</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carpenter" title="John Carpenter">John Carpenter</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(film_producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen Kennedy (film producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Devlin" title="Dean Devlin">Dean Devlin</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wick" title="Douglas Wick">Douglas Wick</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Raimi" title="Sam Raimi">Sam Raimi</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Z._Arkoff" title="Samuel Z. Arkoff">Samuel Z. Arkoff</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Harryhausen" title="Ray Harryhausen">Ray Harryhausen</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro" title="Guillermo del Toro">Guillermo del Toro</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kurtzman" title="Alex Kurtzman">Alex Kurtzman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Orci" title="Roberto Orci">Roberto Orci</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Nicotero" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory Nicotero">Gregory Nicotero</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kinberg" title="Simon Kinberg">Simon Kinberg</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Filoni" title="Dave Filoni">Dave Filoni</a> (2022/2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229232#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229232#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229232#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121326630">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/51696347">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/3443/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvtcdXFKgFF4XHdmTQjG3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122997506">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50011542">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119258131">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119258131">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00516480">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36342836">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0095210&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1132038">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1601088">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068607164">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90853857">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000042936">Chile</a></li><li><a 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style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/cfe2eb2b-d2dc-44b6-9450-599b30aabade">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/315592">RKD Artists</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/101909">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1248849">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd122997506.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/122997506">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02738540X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65t3s8w">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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