CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>KEGG DRUG Database</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/kegg25.css"> <style> #dbnav ul li { padding: 6px 0 6px 18px; } div.frame5 td { border: 1px solid #e4ddf8; padding: 0 4px 0 4px; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="topnav" ontouchstart=""> <div class="navlist"> <a href="/kegg/">KEGG</a> </div> <div class="dropdown"> Databases <div class="dropdown-content"> <ul> <li><a href="/kegg/pathway.html">Pathway</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/brite.html">Brite</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/ko.html">KO</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/genes.html">Genes</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/compound/">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/disease/">Disease</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/drug/">Drug</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/medicus.html">Medicus</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown"> Tools <div class="dropdown-content"> <ul> <li><a href="/kegg/mapper/">Mapper</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/webapp/">Web Apps</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/syntax/">Syntax</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown"> Auto annotation <div class="dropdown-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.kegg.jp/blastkoala/">BlastKOALA</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.kegg.jp/ghostkoala/">GhostKOALA</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="navlist"> <a href="https://www.kanehisa.jp/">Kanehisa Lab</a> </div> </div> <div id="header"> <div class="logo"> <a href="/kegg/"><img src="/Fig/kegg128.gif" alt="KEGG icon"></a> </div> <div class="title"> <h2 class="txt5">KEGG DRUG Database</h2> <h5>Diseases viewed as perturbed states of the molecular system</h5> </div> <div class="langbar"> <a href="/kegg/drug/drug_ja.html">» Japanese</a> </div> </div> <div id="dbnav" class="bar5"> <ul> <li><a href="/kegg/kegg2.html">KEGG2</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/pathway.html">PATHWAY</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/brite.html">BRITE</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/module.html">MODULE</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/ko.html">KO</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/network.html">NETWORK</a></li> <li><a href="/kegg/disease/">DISEASE</a></li> <li><span class="current">DRUG</span></li> <li><a href="/kegg/medicus.html">MEDICUS</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="content">  <div class="searchbox"> <div style="width:320px; float:left;"> <form action="https://www.kegg.jp/kegg-bin/search"> <span class="small">Search DRUG by D number, names and <label><input type="checkbox" name="column" value="component"> component</label></span> <br> <input type="search" name="q" size="32"> <input type="hidden" name="display" value="drug"> <input type="hidden" name="from" value="drug"> <input type="submit" value="Go"> </form> </div> <div style="float:left;"> <form action="https://www.kegg.jp/kegg-bin/search"> <span class="small">Search DGROUP by DG number and name</span> <br> <input type="search" name="q" size="32"> <input type="hidden" name="display" value="dgroup"> <input type="hidden" name="from" value="dgroup"> <input type="submit" value="Go"> </form> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> <div class="searchbox"> <form action="https://www.kegg.jp/medicus-bin/search_medicus"> <span class="small">Search DRUG in KEGG MEDICUS</span> <br> <input type="search" name="q" size="32"> <input type="hidden" name="display" value="drug"> <input type="hidden" name="from" value="drug"> <input type="submit" value="Go"> </form> </div> <div class="main"> <hr class="frame5"> <h4 class="txt5">KEGG DRUG Database</h4> <div class="indent"> <b>KEGG DRUG</b> is a comprehensive drug information resource for approved drugs in Japan, USA and Europe, unified based on the chemical structure and/or the chemical component of active ingredients. Each KEGG DRUG entry is identified by the D number and associated with KEGG original annotations including therapeutic targets, drug metabolism, and other molecular interaction network information. <br><br> <div class="frame5"> <div style="float:left;"> <b class="txt5">Current statistics</b> (2025/2/17) <table> <tr> <td>KEGG DRUG entries (D numbers)</td> <td class="right">12,603</td> </tr> <tr> <td>D numbers with targets</td> <td class="right">7,014</td> </tr> <tr> <td>   D numbers with human gene targets</td> <td class="right">5,741</td> </tr> <tr> <td>   Unique human genes (hsa IDs)</td> <td class="right">1,237</td> </tr> <tr> <td>   Unique human gene variants (hsa_var IDs)</td> <td class="right">57</td> </tr> <tr> <td>D numbers linked to Japanese drug labels</td> <td class="right">2,263</td> </tr> <tr> <td>   with indicated diseases (H numbers)</td> <td class="right">1,598</td> </tr> <tr> <td>   Unique H numbers</td> <td class="right">501</td> </tr> <tr> <td>D numbers linked to FDA drug labels</td> <td class="right">2,098</td> </tr> <tr> <td>   with indicated diseases (H numbers)</td> <td class="right">1,566</td> </tr> <tr> <td>   Unique H numbers</td> <td class="right">491</td> </tr> </table> </div> <div style="float:left; padding-left:20px;"> <b class="txt5">Special drug types</b> <table> <tr> <td>Antibody therapy products</td> <td class="right">675</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Antisense therapy products</td> <td class="right">81</td> </tr>  <tr> <td>Gene therapy products</td> <td class="right">21</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cellular therapy products</td> <td class="right">38</td> </tr> </table> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> </div> <h4 class="txt5" id="dgroup">KEGG DGROUP Database</h4> <div class="indent"> <b class="txt5">KEGG DGROUP</b> contains structurally and functionally related groups of D number entries in KEGG DRUG. There are five types of drug groups, each identified by the DG number. <ul> <li>Chemical - grouped as identical chemical structures with minor variations of salts, hydration states, etc.</li> <li>Structure - grouped as similar chemical structures having the same skeleton, etc.</li> <li>Target - grouped by drug targets</li> <li>Class - drug classes often representing similar mechanisms of action</li> <li>Metabolism - grouped by substrates, inhibitors and inducers of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters</li> </ul> Chemical groups are often used for identifying essentially the same active ingredients of drugs in different countries. </div> <br> <hr class="frame5"> <h4 class="txt5" id="drug_class">Drug Classification</h4> <div class="indent"> KEGG DRUG entries are systematically organized in various ways, utilizing both established and KEGG-original classification systems and focusing on specific features such as drug targets and gene variants. <br><br> <div class="frame5"> <table> <tr> <td class="center">Category</td> <td class="center">Classification</td> <td class="center">Remark</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Prescription drug</td> <td><a href="/brite/br08303">ATC Classification</a></td> <td><a href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/">ATC 2025</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/brite/br08302">USP drug classification</a></td> <td><a href="https://www.usp.org/health-quality-safety/usp-drug-classification-system">USP DC 2025</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/brite/br08301">Therapeutic category of drugs in Japan</a></td> <td><a href="https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/0000066597.html">JP18</a> (2021)</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">OTC drug (Japan)</td> <td><a href="/brite/br08313">Classification of Japanese OTC drugs</a></td> <td rowspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/brite/br08312">Risk category of Japanese OTC drugs</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Crude drug (Japan)</td> <td><a href="/brite/br08304">TCM drugs in Japan</a></td> <td rowspan="2">JP18<br>Non-JPS 2018</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/brite/br08305">Crude drugs in Japan</a></td> </tr>  <tr> <td>Narcotic (Japan)</td> <td><a href="/kegg/drug/br08308.html">Narcotics and psychotropics in Japan</a></td> <td></td> </tr> </table> </div> <br> <div class="frame5"> <table> <tr> <td class="center">Feature</td> <td class="center">Content</td> <td class="center">Remark</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">New drug</td> <td><a href="/kegg/drug/br08319.html">New drug approvals in the USA</a></td> <td>FDA</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/kegg/drug/br08329.html">New drug approvals in Europe</a></td> <td>EMA</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/kegg/drug/br08318.html">New drug approvals in Japan</a></td> <td>PMDA</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/kegg/drug/br08328.html">New drug approvals in the USA, Europe and Japan</a></td> <td>Combined</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Drug group</td> <td><a href="/brite/br08330">Drug groups</a></td> <td rowspan="8">KEGG original</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/brite/br08332">Drug classes</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Drug target</td> <td><a href="/brite/br08310">Target-based classification of drugs</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/brite/br08307">Antimicrobials + target</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/brite/br08327">Antimicrobials abbreviations</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Drug metabolism</td> <td><a href="/kegg/drug/br08309.html">Drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Gene variant</td> <td><a href="/kegg/drug/br08341.html">Pharmacogenomic biomarkers</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Prodrug</td> <td><a href="/kegg/drug/br08324.html">Prodrugs</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">Other</td> <td><a href="/kegg/drug/br08317.html">Topical steroids potency</a></td> <td rowspan="4"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/kegg/drug/br08314.html">Rx-to-OTC switch list in Japan</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/kegg/drug/br08315.html">Rx-to-OTC switch list in the USA</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="/brite/br08311">Drugs listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia</a></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <br> <hr class="frame5"> <h4 class="txt5" id="drug_name">Generic Names and Trade Names</h4> <div class="indent"> The generic names of drugs can be different in different countries or organizations. The same structure may be called differently and the same name may mean different structures. To accommodate such differences the generic names are associated with the following codes in parentheses. <ul> <li>JAN - Japanese Approved Name</li> <li>USAN - United States Adopted Name</li> <li>NF - National Formulary drug name</li> <li>INN - International Nonproprietary Name</li> <li>BAN - British Approved Name</li> <li>DCF - D茅nomination commune fran莽aise</li> </ul> Specifically, for the drugs in Japan and USA whether they are listed in the pharmacopoeia is denoted by: <ul> <li>JP18 - <a href="https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/0000066597.html">Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 18th edition</a></li> <li>USP - <a href="https://www.usp.org/">United States Pharmacopeia</a></li> </ul> which also imply the JAN and USAN names, respectively. Furthermore, the drugs in Japan include: <ul> <li>Non-JPS - Japanese standards for non-Pharmacopoeial crude drugs</li> </ul> for additional crude drugs. <br><br> When drug products are available in Japan and/or USA, the following notations are often utilized: <div class="indent"><JP> <JP/US> <US></div> </div> <hr class="frame5"> <h4 class="txt5" id="drug_product">Drug Products in Japan and USA</h4> <div class="indent"> Drug products in Japan and the USA are given D number links for integration in the <a href="/kegg/medicus.html">KEGG MEDICUS</a> resource. <br><br> The YJ code is the most widely used drug product code in Japan. It is an extension of the 12-character code used in the <a href="/brite/jp08325">drug pricing system</a> of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Korosho). The Korosho code consists of: <div class="indent"> · four digits for the <a href="/brite/br08301">threrapeutic category</a><br> · three digits for the route of administration and ingredients<br> · two characters for dosage form and strength<br> · two digits for brand names (01 for the unified item under generic name pricing)<br> · a check digit </div> Drug price standards are determined either by brand name pricing or generic name pricing, and for the latter 01 is given to the brand name digits in the Korosho code. In contrast, YJ codes are assigned with different digits for different products under the same generic name pricing. In KEGG the first nine characters of Korosho codes are named YK codes, which are used to assign D numbers to Japanese drug products. <br><br> FDA's <a href="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/national-drug-code-directory">National Drug Code (NDC)</a> is used to identify drug products in the USA. Currently, the NDC is a 10-digit code consisting of three segments representing: <div class="indent"> · 4-5 digits for labeler code<br> · 3-4 digits for product code<br> · 1-2 digits for package code </div> The first two segments are used to link to/from KEGG D numbers. </div> <hr class="frame5"> <h4 class="txt5">Additional Databases</h4> <div class="indent"> There are two additional databases associated with KEGG DRUG/DGROUP. <br><br> <b class="txt5">Drug Interaction Database</b> contains known adverse drug-drug interactions associated with contraindications (CI) and precautions (P) extracted from all the drug labels of Japanese prescription drugs. <ul> <li><a href="https://www.kegg.jp/medicus-bin/select_drug?lang=en">KEGG MEDICUS Drug Interaction Checker</a></li> </ul> <b class="txt5">KEGG Drug Structure Maps</b> are part of the KEGG PATHWAY database, graphically illustrating our knowledge of drug development, as many marketed drugs have been developed from lead compounds or existing drugs by introducing chemical structure transformations retaining the core chemical structures. <ul> <li><a href="/kegg/pathway.html#drug">KEGG Pathway Maps: Drug Development</a></li> </ul> </div> <hr class="frame5"> <i>Last updated: December 17, 2024</i> </div>  </div> </body> </html>