CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Baja California - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3a2b73cf-e51e-48e6-b800-566b56e99d5b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Baja_California","wgTitle":"Baja California","wgCurRevisionId":1259068415,"wgRevisionId":1259068415,"wgArticleId":199793, "wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Baja_California","wgRelevantArticleId":199793,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"", "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":30,"lon":-115.16666666666667},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bn","autonym":"বাংলা","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo", "autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym": "客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hi","autonym":"हिन्दी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard" ,"dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sl","autonym":"slovenščina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti", "autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor", "gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv", "udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q58731","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true}, "wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Parque_nacional_Constituci%C3%B3n_de_1857.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="797"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Parque_nacional_Constituci%C3%B3n_de_1857.jpg/800px-Parque_nacional_Constituci%C3%B3n_de_1857.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="531"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Parque_nacional_Constituci%C3%B3n_de_1857.jpg/640px-Parque_nacional_Constituci%C3%B3n_de_1857.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="425"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Baja California - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Baja_California rootpage-Baja_California stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Random</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Nearby</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Baja+California" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Log in</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Baja+California" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Settings</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&utm_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Donate</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">About Wikipedia</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Disclaimers</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Baja California</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Baja_California" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Baja_California" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Baja+California" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Mexican state. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Baja California Peninsula">Baja California Peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Baja California (disambiguation)">Baja California (disambiguation)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a> or <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Sur" title="Baja California Sur">Baja California Sur</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><p><b>Baja California</b><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈbaxa<span class="wrap"> </span>kaliˈfoɾnja]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f4\/BajaCalifornia.ogg\/BajaCalifornia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"BajaCalifornia.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/BajaCalifornia.ogg/BajaCalifornia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:BajaCalifornia.ogg" title="File:BajaCalifornia.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; 'Lower California'), officially <b>Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California</b> (English: <span lang="en">Free and Sovereign State of Baja California</span>), is a state in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. It is the northwesternmost of the <a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Political divisions of Mexico">32 federal entities</a> of Mexico. Before becoming a state in 1952, the area was known as the North Territory of Baja California (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Territorio Norte de Baja California</i></span>). It has an area of 70,113 km<sup>2</sup> (27,071 sq mi) (3.57% of the land mass of Mexico) and comprises the northern half of the <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_peninsula" title="Baja California peninsula">Baja California peninsula</a>, north of the <a href="/wiki/28th_parallel_north" title="28th parallel north">28th parallel</a>, plus oceanic <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Island" title="Guadalupe Island">Guadalupe Island</a>. The mainland portion of the state is bordered on the west by the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>; on the east by <a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a>, the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a>; on the north by the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>; and on the south by <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Sur" title="Baja California Sur">Baja California Sur</a>. </p><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Baja California</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Mexico">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.2em;">Free and Sovereign State of Baja California</span><br><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mexican_Spanish" title="Mexican Spanish">Spanish</a>)</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parque_nacional_Constituci%C3%B3n_de_1857.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Constitution 1857 National Park"><img alt="Constitution 1857 National Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Parque_nacional_Constituci%C3%B3n_de_1857.jpg/250px-Parque_nacional_Constituci%C3%B3n_de_1857.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Parque_nacional_Constituci%C3%B3n_de_1857.jpg/375px-Parque_nacional_Constituci%C3%B3n_de_1857.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Parque_nacional_Constituci%C3%B3n_de_1857.jpg/500px-Parque_nacional_Constituci%C3%B3n_de_1857.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="797"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_1857_National_Park" title="Constitution 1857 National Park">Constitution 1857 National Park</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Baja_California.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Baja California"><img alt="Flag of Baja California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Baja_California.svg/100px-Flag_of_Baja_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Baja_California.svg/150px-Flag_of_Baja_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Baja_California.svg/200px-Flag_of_Baja_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="293"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Baja_California.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Baja California"><img alt="Coat of arms of Baja California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Coat_of_arms_of_Baja_California.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Baja_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Coat_of_arms_of_Baja_California.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Baja_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Coat_of_arms_of_Baja_California.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Baja_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="731"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Baja California">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: "<a href="/wiki/Canto_a_Baja_California" title="Canto a Baja California">Canto a Baja California</a>"</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baja_California_in_Mexico.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State of Baja California within Mexico"><img alt="State of Baja California within Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Baja_California_in_Mexico.svg/250px-Baja_California_in_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Baja_California_in_Mexico.svg/375px-Baja_California_in_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Baja_California_in_Mexico.svg/500px-Baja_California_in_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="1326"></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">State of Baja California within Mexico</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Baja_California&params=30_00_N_115_10_W_region:MX-BCN_dim:1000000_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">115°10′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.000°N 115.167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.000; -115.167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mexico" title="List of cities in Mexico">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Largest metro</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_metropolitan_area" title="Tijuana metropolitan area">Greater Tijuana</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before statehood</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Territory_of_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="North Territory of Baja California">North Territory of Baja California</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Admission</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 January 1952<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Mexico#States" class="mw-redirect" title="Political divisions of Mexico">29th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Baja_California" title="Governor of Baja California">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/23px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/35px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/46px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Marina_del_Pilar_%C3%81vila_Olmeda" title="Marina del Pilar Ávila Olmeda">Marina del Pilar Ávila</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_state_legislatures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mexican state legislatures">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Baja_California" title="Congress of Baja California">Congress of Baja California</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of Mexico">Senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Mexico)" title="Labor Party (Mexico)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/23px-Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/35px-Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/46px-Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="471"></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Bonilla_Valdez" title="Jaime Bonilla Valdez">Jaime Bonilla Valdez</a><br><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Mexico)" title="Labor Party (Mexico)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/23px-Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/35px-Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/46px-Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="471"></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Alejandra_Le%C3%B3n_Gast%C3%A9lum" title="Alejandra León Gastélum">Alejandra León Gastélum</a><br><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/PAN_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/23px-PAN_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/PAN_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/35px-PAN_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/PAN_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/46px-PAN_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gina_Cruz_Blackledge" title="Gina Cruz Blackledge">Gina Cruz Blackledge</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber of Deputies of Mexico">Deputies</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/LXV_Legislature_of_the_Mexican_Congress#Chamber_of_Deputies_2" title="LXV Legislature of the Mexican Congress">Federal Deputies</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="nowrap">• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/23px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/35px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/46px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yesenia_Ol%C3%BAa_Gonz%C3%A1lez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yesenia Olúa González (page does not exist)">Yesenia Olúa González</a> (<a href="/wiki/I_Federal_Electoral_District_of_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="I Federal Electoral District of Baja California">1st</a>)</span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="nowrap">• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/23px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/35px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/46px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julieta_Andrea_Ram%C3%ADrez_Padilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julieta Andrea Ramírez Padilla (page does not exist)">Julieta Andrea Ramírez Padilla</a> (<a href="/wiki/II_Federal_Electoral_District_of_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="II Federal Electoral District of Baja California">2nd</a>)</span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="nowrap">• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Mexico)" title="Labor Party (Mexico)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/23px-Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/35px-Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/46px-Worker%27s_Party_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="471"></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armando_Reyes_Ledesma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armando Reyes Ledesma (page does not exist)">Armando Reyes Ledesma</a> (<a href="/wiki/III_Federal_Electoral_District_of_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="III Federal Electoral District of Baja California">3rd</a>)</span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="nowrap">• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/23px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/35px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/46px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Socorro_Irma_Andazola_G%C3%B3mez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socorro Irma Andazola Gómez (page does not exist)">Socorro Irma Andazola Gómez</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=IV_Federal_Electoral_District_of_Baja_California&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IV Federal Electoral District of Baja California (page does not exist)">4th</a>)</span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="nowrap">• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/23px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/35px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/46px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelina_Moreno_Guerra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelina Moreno Guerra (page does not exist)">Evangelina Moreno Guerra</a> (<a href="/wiki/V_Federal_Electoral_District_of_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="V Federal Electoral District of Baja California">5th</a>)</span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="nowrap">• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/23px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/35px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/46px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A9ctor_Mares_Coss%C3%ADo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Héctor Mares Cossío (page does not exist)">Héctor Mares Cossío</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=VI_Federal_Electoral_District_of_Baja_California&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VI Federal Electoral District of Baja California (page does not exist)">6th</a>)</span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="nowrap">• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/23px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/35px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg/46px-Morena_logo_%28Mexico%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isa%C3%ADas_Bert%C3%ADn_Sandoval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaías Bertín Sandoval (page does not exist)">Isaías Bertín Sandoval</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=VII_Federal_Electoral_District_of_Baja_California&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VII Federal Electoral District of Baja California (page does not exist)">7th</a>)</span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="nowrap">• <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Green_Party_of_Mexico" title="Ecologist Green Party of Mexico"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Logo_Partido_Verde_%28M%C3%A9xico%29.svg/23px-Logo_Partido_Verde_%28M%C3%A9xico%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Logo_Partido_Verde_%28M%C3%A9xico%29.svg/35px-Logo_Partido_Verde_%28M%C3%A9xico%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Logo_Partido_Verde_%28M%C3%A9xico%29.svg/46px-Logo_Partido_Verde_%28M%C3%A9xico%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fausto_Gallardo_Garc%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fausto Gallardo García (page does not exist)">Fausto Gallardo García</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=VIII_Federal_Electoral_District_of_Baja_California&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VIII Federal Electoral District of Baja California (page does not exist)">8th</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">71,450 km<sup>2</sup> (27,590 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_states_by_area" title="List of Mexican states by area">12th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)<sup id="cite_ref-Intercensal2015_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intercensal2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,769,020 <sup id="cite_ref-collapse-Indicadores_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collapse-Indicadores-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_states_by_population" title="List of Mexican states by population">14th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_states_by_population_density" title="List of Mexican states by population density">19th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Bajacaliforniano(a)</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">MXN 1.082 trillion<br>(US$53.9 billion) (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">(US$14,185) (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-8">UTC-8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Standard Time">PST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-7" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-7">UTC-7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Daylight Time">PDT</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_engfactobox"><a href="#endnote_engfactobox">[a]</a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Mexico" title="Postal codes in Mexico">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">21, 22</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Area_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_in_Mexico_by_code_(600-699)" class="mw-redirect" title="Area codes in Mexico by code (600-699)">Area codes</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• 615</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• 616</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• 646</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• 653</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• 658</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• 661</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• 664</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• 665</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• 686</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">MX-BCN</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> 0.811 <span style="color:#090;">very high</span> <small><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_states_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mexican states by HDI">Ranked 2nd of 32</a></small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_engfactobox"><b><a href="#ref_engfactobox">^</a></b></span> a. 2010 and later. Baja California is the only state to use the U.S. DST schedule state-wide, while the rest of Mexico (except for small portions of other northern states) observes standard time year-round.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_engoffbox"><b><a href="#ref_engoffbox">^</a></b></span> b. The state's GDP was 294.8<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion <a href="/wiki/Mexican_peso" title="Mexican peso">pesos</a> in 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an amount corresponding to 23.03<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="United States dollars">United States dollars</a>, with US$1 valued at 12.80 pesos (value of 3 June 2010).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The state has an estimated population of 3,769,020 as of 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-collapse-Indicadores_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collapse-Indicadores-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> significantly higher than the sparsely populated Baja California Sur to the south, and similar to <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego County, California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial County, California</a> to its north. Over 75% of the population lives in <a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a> (the state's capital city), <a href="/wiki/Ensenada,_Baja_California" title="Ensenada, Baja California">Ensenada</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a> (the state's largest city). Other important cities include <a href="/wiki/San_Felipe,_Baja_California" title="San Felipe, Baja California">San Felipe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosarito" title="Rosarito">Rosarito</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tecate" title="Tecate">Tecate</a>. </p><p>Baja California is the 12th-largest state by area in Mexico. Its geography ranges from beaches to forests and deserts. The backbone of the state is the Sierra de Baja California, where <a href="/wiki/Picacho_del_Diablo" title="Picacho del Diablo">Picacho del Diablo</a>, the highest point of the peninsula, is located. This mountain range effectively divides the weather patterns in the state. In the northwest, the weather is semi-dry and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_(climate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean (climate)">Mediterranean</a>. In the narrow center, the weather changes to be more humid due to altitude. It is in this area where a few valleys can be found, such as the <a href="/wiki/Valle_de_Guadalupe" title="Valle de Guadalupe">Valle de Guadalupe</a>, the major wine-producing area in Mexico. To the east of the mountain range, the <a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert" title="Sonoran Desert">Sonoran Desert</a> dominates the landscape. In the south, the weather becomes drier and gives way to the <a href="/wiki/Vizca%C3%ADno_Desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Vizcaíno Desert">Vizcaíno Desert</a>. The state is also home to numerous islands off both of its shores. Baja California is also home to <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Island" title="Guadalupe Island">Guadalupe Island</a>, the westernmost point of Mexico. The <a href="/wiki/Coronado_Islands" title="Coronado Islands">Coronado Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isla_Todos_Santos" title="Isla Todos Santos">Todos Santos islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cedros_Island" title="Cedros Island">Cedros Island</a> are also on the Pacific shore. On the Gulf of California, the largest island is <a href="/wiki/Angel_de_la_Guarda_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel de la Guarda Island">Angel de la Guarda Island</a>, separated from the peninsula by the deep and narrow <a href="/wiki/Canal_de_Ballenas" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal de Ballenas">Canal de Ballenas</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Prehistory_and_Spanish_colonial_era"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Prehistory and Spanish colonial era</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Post-independence,_1821%E2%80%93present"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Post-independence, 1821–present</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Early_republic"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early republic</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Era_of_Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Era of Porfirio Díaz</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Postrevolutionary_Mexico"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Postrevolutionary Mexico</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Flora_and_fauna"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Flora and fauna</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#2010_earthquakes"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">2010 earthquakes</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Government"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Government</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Municipalities_of_Baja_California"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Municipalities of Baja California</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Politics"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Politics</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#State_elections"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">State elections</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Federal_elections"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Federal elections</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Employment"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Employment</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Economic_investment"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Economic investment</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Real_estate"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Real estate</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Highways"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Highways</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Media"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Media</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory_and_Spanish_colonial_era">Prehistory and Spanish colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prehistory and Spanish colonial era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The first people came to the peninsula at least 11,000 years ago. At that time, two main native groups are thought to have been present on the peninsula – the <a href="/wiki/Cochim%C3%AD" title="Cochimí">Cochimí</a> in the south, and several groups belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Yuman_language_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuman language family">Yuman language family</a> in the north, including the <a href="/wiki/Kiliwa_people" title="Kiliwa people">Kiliwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paipai_people" title="Paipai people">Paipai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocopa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocopa">Cocopa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan">Quechan</a>. These peoples were diverse in their adaptations to the region. The Cochimí of the peninsula's Central Desert were generalized hunter-gatherers who moved frequently; however, the Cochimí on Cedros Island off the west coast developed a strong maritime economy. The Kiliwa, Paipai, and Kumeyaay in the better-watered northwest were also hunter-gatherers, but that region supported denser populations and a more sedentary lifestyle. The Cocopa and Quechan of northeastern Baja California practiced agriculture in the floodplain of the lower <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a>. </p><p>Another group of people was the Guachimis, who came from the north and created much of the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage">UNESCO World Heritage</a>-recognized <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Guadalupe_cave_paintings" title="Sierra de Guadalupe cave paintings">Sierra de Guadalupe cave paintings</a>. Not much is known about them except that they lived in the area between 100<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC and 1300<span class="nowrap"> </span>AD.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Europeans reached the present state of Baja California in 1539, when <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Ulloa" title="Francisco de Ulloa">Francisco de Ulloa</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reconnoitered" class="extiw" title="wikt:reconnoitered">reconnoitered</a> its east coast on the Gulf of California and explored the peninsula's west coast at least as far north as Cedros Island. <a href="/wiki/Hernando_de_Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Hernando de Alarcón">Hernando de Alarcón</a> returned to the east coast and ascended the lower Colorado River in 1540, and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a> (or João Rodrigues Cabrilho <span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span>) completed the reconnaissance of the west coast in 1542. <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Vizca%C3%ADno" title="Sebastián Vizcaíno">Sebastián Vizcaíno</a> again surveyed the west coast in 1602, but outside visitors during the following century were few. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a> founded a permanent mission colony on the peninsula at <a href="/wiki/Loreto,_Baja_California_Sur" title="Loreto, Baja California Sur">Loreto</a> in 1697. During the following decades, they gradually extended their sway throughout the present state of Baja California Sur. In 1751–1753, the Croatian Jesuit mission-explorer <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Kon%C5%A1%C4%8Dak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Konščak">Ferdinand Konščak</a> made overland explorations northward into the state of Baja California. Jesuit missions were subsequently established among the Cochimí at <a href="/wiki/Misi%C3%B3n_Santa_Gertrudis" title="Misión Santa Gertrudis">Santa Gertrudis</a> (1752), <a href="/wiki/Misi%C3%B3n_San_Francisco_Borja" title="Misión San Francisco Borja">San Borja</a> (1762), and <a href="/wiki/Misi%C3%B3n_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_de_los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Misión Santa María de los Ángeles">Santa María</a> (1767). </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Jesuits" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of the Jesuits">expulsion of the Jesuits</a> in 1768, the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> administration (1768–1773) resulted in one new mission at <a href="/wiki/Misi%C3%B3n_San_Fernando_Rey_de_Espa%C3%B1a_de_Velicat%C3%A1" title="Misión San Fernando Rey de España de Velicatá">San Fernando Velicatá</a>. More importantly, the 1769 expedition to settle Alta California under <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portol%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaspar de Portolà">Gaspar de Portolà</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a> resulted in the first overland exploration of the northwestern portion of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limites_de_las_Californias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Limites_de_las_Californias.jpg/275px-Limites_de_las_Californias.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1390"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 275px;height: 275px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Limites_de_las_Californias.jpg/275px-Limites_de_las_Californias.jpg" data-width="275" data-height="275" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Limites_de_las_Californias.jpg/413px-Limites_de_las_Californias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Limites_de_las_Californias.jpg/550px-Limites_de_las_Californias.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Evolution of the political boundaries of the Californias:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:2px solid Maroon;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%B3u_Line" title="Palóu Line">Palóu Line</a> (1804–1836)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:2px solid #007FFF;"> </span> Gila River; border between Las Californias/Alta California and Sonora (1767–1847)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:2px solid Black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a> (1848–Present)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:2px solid Red;"> </span> Baja California Sur boundary (1931–Present)</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a> took over management of the Baja California missions from the Franciscans in 1773. They established a chain of new missions among the northern Cochimí and western Yumans, first on the coast and subsequently inland, extending from <a href="/wiki/Misi%C3%B3n_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Sant%C3%ADsimo_Rosario_de_Vi%C3%B1acado" class="mw-redirect" title="Misión Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario de Viñacado">El Rosario</a> (1774) to <a href="/wiki/Misi%C3%B3n_El_Descanso" title="Misión El Descanso">Descanso</a> (1817), just south of Tijuana below the <a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%B3u_Line" title="Palóu Line">Palóu Line</a>. </p><p>In 1804, the Spanish crown divided California into <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta ('Upper')</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Baja California Peninsula">Baja ('Lower') California</a> at the line separating the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> missions in the north from the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> missions in the south. The colonial governors were José Joaquín de Arillaga (1804–1805), <a href="/wiki/Felipe_de_Goicoechea" title="Felipe de Goicoechea">Felipe de Goicoechea</a> (1806–1814), and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Dar%C3%ADo_Arg%C3%BCello" title="José Darío Argüello">José Darío Argüello</a> (1814 – April 11, 1822). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence,_1821–present"><span id="Post-independence.2C_1821.E2.80.93present"></span>Post-independence, 1821–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-independence, 1821–present" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_republic">Early republic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early republic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Mexico" title="Liberalism in Mexico">Mexican liberals</a> were concerned that the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> retained too much power in the post-independence period and sought to undermine it by mandating the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican secularization act of 1833">secularization of missions</a> in 1833. In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American War">Mexican American War</a> (1846–1848) and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a>, the United States gained sovereignty over territory previously held first by <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> and then Mexico, most of which was sparsely settled. Alta California was incorporated into the U.S., and during the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a>, quickly gained enough population to be admitted to the union as a state. Baja California gains control of where is now the cities of <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tecate" title="Tecate">Tecate</a> from Alta California after the treaty and remained under Mexican control. In 1853, soldier of fortune (<a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">mercenary</a>) <a href="/wiki/William_Walker_(filibuster)" title="William Walker (filibuster)">William Walker</a> captured <a href="/wiki/La_Paz,_Baja_California_Sur" title="La Paz, Baja California Sur">La Paz</a>, declaring himself president of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Baja_California" title="Republic of Baja California">Republic of Baja California</a>. The Mexican government forced his retreat after several months. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Era_of_Porfirio_Díaz"><span id="Era_of_Porfirio_D.C3.ADaz"></span>Era of Porfirio Díaz</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Era of Porfirio Díaz" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>When liberal army general <a href="/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz" title="Porfirio Díaz">Porfirio Díaz</a> came to power in 1876, he embarked on a major program to develop and modernize Mexico. </p> <ul><li>1884: Luis Huller and <a href="/wiki/George_H._Sisson" title="George H. Sisson">George H. Sisson</a> obtain a concession covering much of the present state in return for promises to develop the area.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1905: The <i><a href="/wiki/Magonista" class="mw-redirect" title="Magonista">Magonista</a></i> revolution, an <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a> movement based on the writings of <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Ricardo Flores Magón</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Enrique Flores Magón">Enrique Flores Magón</a>, begins.</li> <li>1911: Mexicali and Tijuana are captured by the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Liberal_Party" title="Mexican Liberal Party">Mexican Liberal Party</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Partido Liberal Mexicano</i></span>, PLM), but soon surrender to Federal forces.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postrevolutionary_Mexico">Postrevolutionary Mexico</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Postrevolutionary Mexico" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>1917: On 11 December, "[a] prominent Mexican, close friend of President <a href="/wiki/Venustiano_Carranza" title="Venustiano Carranza">Carranza</a>" offered to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Ashurst" title="Henry F. Ashurst">Henry Ashurst</a> to sell Baja California to the U.S. for "fifty million dollars gold".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1931: Baja California is further divided into Northern and Southern territories.</li> <li>1952: The <i>North Territory of Baja California</i> becomes the 29th state of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, Baja California. The southern portion (below 28°N) remains a federally administered territory.</li> <li>1974: The <i>South Territory of Baja California</i> becomes the 31st state, Baja California Sur.</li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Ruffo_Appel" title="Ernesto Ruffo Appel">Ernesto Ruffo Appel</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">National Action Party</a> (PAN) becomes the first non-<a href="/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party" title="Institutional Revolutionary Party">Institutional Revolutionary Party</a> governor of Baja California and the first opposition governor of any state since the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Revolution</a>. Baja California would acquire a reputation as a stronghold for PAN into the 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Devils-Peak_Sierra-SanPedroMartir_BajaCalifornia_Mexico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Devils-Peak_Sierra-SanPedroMartir_BajaCalifornia_Mexico.jpg/220px-Devils-Peak_Sierra-SanPedroMartir_BajaCalifornia_Mexico.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Devils-Peak_Sierra-SanPedroMartir_BajaCalifornia_Mexico.jpg/220px-Devils-Peak_Sierra-SanPedroMartir_BajaCalifornia_Mexico.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Devils-Peak_Sierra-SanPedroMartir_BajaCalifornia_Mexico.jpg/330px-Devils-Peak_Sierra-SanPedroMartir_BajaCalifornia_Mexico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Devils-Peak_Sierra-SanPedroMartir_BajaCalifornia_Mexico.jpg/440px-Devils-Peak_Sierra-SanPedroMartir_BajaCalifornia_Mexico.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_San_Pedro_M%C3%A1rtir" title="Sierra de San Pedro Mártir">Sierra de San Pedro Mártir</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Picacho_del_Diablo" title="Picacho del Diablo">Picacho del Diablo</a> in the center</figcaption></figure> <p>Baja California encompasses a territory within <a href="/wiki/The_Californias" title="The Californias">the Californias</a> region of North America, which exhibits diverse geography for a relatively small area. The <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_ranges" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninsular ranges">Peninsular ranges</a> of the California cordillera run down the geographic center of the state. The most notable ranges of these mountains are the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Sierra de Juárez">Sierra de Juárez</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_San_Pedro_M%C3%A1rtir" title="Sierra de San Pedro Mártir">Sierra de San Pedro Mártir</a>. These ranges are the location of forests reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>'s <a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Mountains" title="San Gabriel Mountains">San Gabriel Mountains</a>. Picacho del Diablo is the highest peak on the peninsula. Valleys between the mountain ranges are located within a climate zone that is suitable for agriculture. Such valleys include the Valle de Guadalupe and the Valle de Ojos Negros, areas that produce citrus fruits and grapes. The mineral-rich mountain range extends southwards to the Gulf of California, where the western slope becomes wider, forming the Llanos del Berrendo on the border with Baja California Sur. The mountain ranges located in the center and southern part of the state include the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_La_Asamblea" title="Sierra de La Asamblea">Sierra de La Asamblea</a>, Sierra de Calamajué, Sierra de San Luis and the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_San_Borja" title="Sierra de San Borja">Sierra de San Borja</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baja_coast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Baja_coast.jpg/220px-Baja_coast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="576"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 158px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Baja_coast.jpg/220px-Baja_coast.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="158" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Baja_coast.jpg/330px-Baja_coast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Baja_coast.jpg/440px-Baja_coast.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coreopsis_maritima" title="Coreopsis maritima">Leptosyne maritima</a> growing on the <a href="/wiki/Ensenada_Municipality" title="Ensenada Municipality">Ensenada Municipality</a> coast, typical of the <a href="/wiki/California_coastal_sage_and_chaparral" title="California coastal sage and chaparral">California coastal sage and chaparral</a> ecoregion</figcaption></figure> <p>Temperate winds from the Pacific Ocean and the cold <a href="/wiki/California_Current" title="California Current">California Current</a> make the climate along the northwestern coast pleasant year-round.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the state's location on the California Current, rains from the north barely reach the peninsula, thus leaving southern areas drier. South of the <a href="/wiki/El_Rosario,_Baja_California" title="El Rosario, Baja California">El Rosario</a> River, the state changes from a Mediterranean landscape to a desert one. This desert exhibits diverse <a href="/wiki/Succulent" class="mw-redirect" title="Succulent">succulent</a> species that flourish in part due to the <a href="/wiki/Coastal_fog" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal fog">coastal fog</a>. </p><p>To the east, the Sonoran Desert enters the state from both California and Sonora. Some of the highest temperatures in Mexico are recorded in or nearby the Mexicali Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, with irrigation from the Colorado River, this area has become a true <a href="/wiki/Mexicali#The_building_of_an_agricultural_empire" title="Mexicali">agricultural center</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Cerro_Prieto" title="Cerro Prieto">Cerro Prieto</a> geothermal province is near Mexicali as well (this area is geologically part of a large <a href="/wiki/Pull_apart_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pull apart basin">pull apart basin</a>); it produces about 80% of the electricity consumed in the state and enough additional power to export to California. <a href="/wiki/Laguna_Salada_(Baja_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laguna Salada (Baja California)">Laguna Salada</a>, a saline lake below sea level lying between the rugged Sierra de Juárez and the Sierra de los Cucapah, is also in the vicinity of Mexicali. The state government has recently been considering plans to revive Laguna Salada.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest mountain in the Sierra de los Cucapah is Cerro del Centinela or <a href="/wiki/Mount_Signal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Signal">Mount Signal</a>. The Cucapah are the primary indigenous people from the mountains north to <a href="/wiki/Yuma,_Arizona" title="Yuma, Arizona">Yuma, Arizona</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ensenada_Grande.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ensenada_Grande.jpg/220px-Ensenada_Grande.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ensenada_Grande.jpg/220px-Ensenada_Grande.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ensenada_Grande.jpg/330px-Ensenada_Grande.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ensenada_Grande.jpg/440px-Ensenada_Grande.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isla_Partida" title="Isla Partida">Isla Partida</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_Marine_Archipelago_National_Park" title="San Lorenzo Marine Archipelago National Park">San Lorenzo Marine Archipelago National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are numerous islands on the Pacific shore. Guadalupe Island is located in the extreme west of the state's boundaries and is the site of large colonies of <a href="/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lions</a>. Cedros Island exists in the southwest of the state's maritime region. The Todos Santos islands and Coronado Islands are located off the coasts of Ensenada and Tijuana, respectively. All of the islands in the Gulf of California on the Baja California side belong to the municipality of Mexicali. </p><p>Baja California obtains much of its water from the Colorado River. Historically, the river drained into the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Delta" title="Colorado River Delta">Colorado River Delta</a> and then flowed into the Gulf of California, but due to large demands for water in the <a href="/wiki/American_Southwest" class="mw-redirect" title="American Southwest">American Southwest</a>, less water now reaches the Gulf. The <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_metropolitan_area" title="Tijuana metropolitan area">Tijuana metropolitan area</a> also relies on the <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_River" title="Tijuana River">Tijuana River</a> as a source of water. Much of rural Baja California depends predominantly on wells, a few dams and even oases. Tijuana also purchases water from San Diego County's Otay Water District. Potable water is the largest natural resource issue of the state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carignan_vineyard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Carignan_vineyard.jpg/220px-Carignan_vineyard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3970" data-file-height="2548"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Carignan_vineyard.jpg/220px-Carignan_vineyard.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Carignan_vineyard.jpg/330px-Carignan_vineyard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Carignan_vineyard.jpg/440px-Carignan_vineyard.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Vineyard in the <a href="/wiki/Valle_de_Guadalupe" title="Valle de Guadalupe">Valle de Guadalupe</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Baja California's climate varies from <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean</a> to <a href="/wiki/Arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Arid climate">arid</a>. The Mediterranean climate is found in the northwestern corner of the state, where the summers are dry and mild and the winters cool and rainy. This climate is observed in areas from Tijuana to <a href="/wiki/San_Quint%C3%ADn,_Baja_California" title="San Quintín, Baja California">San Quintín</a> and nearby interior valleys. The cold oceanic California Current often creates a low-level marine fog near the coast. The fog occurs along any part of the Pacific coast of the state. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paisaje_con_nieve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Paisaje_con_nieve.jpg/220px-Paisaje_con_nieve.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Paisaje_con_nieve.jpg/220px-Paisaje_con_nieve.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Paisaje_con_nieve.jpg/330px-Paisaje_con_nieve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Paisaje_con_nieve.jpg/440px-Paisaje_con_nieve.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Snowfall at <a href="/wiki/Constitution_1857_National_Park" title="Constitution 1857 National Park">Constitution 1857 National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The change of altitude towards the Sierra de Baja California creates an <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine climate</a> in this region. Summers are cool, while winters can be cold with below freezing temperatures at night. It is common to see snow in the Sierra de Juárez, Sierra de San Pedro Mártir and in the valleys in between the two ranges from December to April. Due to <a href="/wiki/Orographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Orographic">orographic</a> effects, precipitation is much higher in the mountains of northern Baja California than on the western coastal plain or eastern desert plain. Pine, cedar and fir forests are found in the mountains. </p><p>The east side of the mountains produces a <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadow</a>, creating an extremely arid environment. The Sonoran Desert region of Baja California experiences hot summers and nearly frostless mild winters. The Mexicali Valley (which is below sea level) experiences the highest temperatures in Mexico, frequently surpassing 47 °C (116.6 °F) in mid-summer, and exceeding 50 °C (122 °F) on some occasions. </p><p>Further south along the Pacific coast, the Mediterranean climate transitions into a desert climate, but it is milder and not as hot as along the gulf coast. Transition climates, from Mediterranean to desert, can be found from San Quintín to <a href="/wiki/El_Rosario,_Baja_California" title="El Rosario, Baja California">El Rosario</a>. Further inland and along the Gulf of California, the vegetation is scarce and temperatures are very high during the summer months. The islands in the Gulf of California also have a desert climate. Some oases can be found in the desert where few towns are located – for instance, <a href="/wiki/Catavina" class="mw-redirect" title="Catavina">Catavina</a>, San Borja and Santa Gertrudis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2020)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Martínez-Ballesté_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mart%C3%ADnez-Ballest%C3%A9-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Common trees in the high elevations are the <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeffrey pine">Jeffrey pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar pine">sugar pine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinon_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinon pine">pinon pine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2020)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Understory" title="Understory">Understory</a> species include <a href="/wiki/Manzanita" title="Manzanita">manzanita</a>. There is a variety of reptiles, including the <a href="/wiki/Western_fence_lizard" title="Western fence lizard">Western fence lizard</a>, which is at the southern extent of its range.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of the fish genus <i><a href="/wiki/Bajacalifornia" title="Bajacalifornia">Bajacalifornia</a></i> is derived from the Baja California peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the main wildlife refuges on the peninsula of Baja California, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_1857_National_Park" title="Constitution 1857 National Park">Constitution 1857 National Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_San_Pedro_M%C3%A1rtir_National_Park" title="Sierra de San Pedro Mártir National Park">Sierra de San Pedro Mártir National Park</a>, several coniferous species can be found. The most abundant are Jeffrey pine, <i><a href="/wiki/Pinus_ponderosa" title="Pinus ponderosa">Pinus ponderosa</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pinus_cembroides" title="Pinus cembroides">Pinus cembroides</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pinus_quadrifolia" title="Pinus quadrifolia">Pinus quadrifolia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pinus_monophylla" title="Pinus monophylla">Pinus monophylla</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Juniperus" class="mw-redirect" title="Juniperus">Juniperus</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Arctostaphylos_pringlei" title="Arctostaphylos pringlei"><i>Arctostaphylos pringlei</i> subsp. <i>drupacea</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Artemisia_ludoviciana" title="Artemisia ludoviciana">Artemisia ludoviciana</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Adenostoma_sparsifolium" title="Adenostoma sparsifolium">Adenostoma sparsifolium</a></i>. Baja California shares many plant species with the <a href="/wiki/Laguna_Mountains" title="Laguna Mountains">Laguna Mountains</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Mountains" title="San Jacinto Mountains">San Jacinto Mountains</a> in southwest California. The lower elevations of the Sierra de Juárez are characterized by <a href="/wiki/Chaparral" title="Chaparral">chaparral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desert_shrub" class="mw-redirect" title="Desert shrub">desert shrub</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Island" title="Guadalupe Island">Guadalupe Island</a> and its surrounding waters, 250 kilometres (160 miles) off the Pacific coast, has been designated the <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Island_Biosphere_Reserve" title="Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve">Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve</a> to preserve endangered marine and terrestrial species of animals and plants. </p><p>The fauna in the parks include a large number of mammals, primarily <a href="/wiki/Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">mule deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">bighorn sheep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">cougars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">bobcats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ringtail_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringtail cat">ringtail cats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrels</a> and more than 30 species of <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a>. The park is also home to many avian species like <a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">bald eagles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falcon" title="Falcon">falcons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodpecker" title="Woodpecker">woodpeckers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_vulture" title="Black vulture">black vultures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crow" title="Crow">crows</a>, and several species of <a href="/wiki/Sittidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sittidae">Sittidae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">duck</a>. </p> <div align="center"> <table class="toc" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" style="width:800px; float:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#green; color:white; font-size:100%; background-color:green;"><b>Flora and fauna of Baja California</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MountainLion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/MountainLion.jpg/125px-MountainLion.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="96" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="761"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 125px;height: 96px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/MountainLion.jpg/125px-MountainLion.jpg" data-width="125" data-height="96" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/MountainLion.jpg/188px-MountainLion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/MountainLion.jpg/250px-MountainLion.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:California_Quail_mail_in_Golden_Gate_Park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/California_Quail_mail_in_Golden_Gate_Park.JPG/120px-California_Quail_mail_in_Golden_Gate_Park.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/California_Quail_mail_in_Golden_Gate_Park.JPG/120px-California_Quail_mail_in_Golden_Gate_Park.JPG" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/California_Quail_mail_in_Golden_Gate_Park.JPG/180px-California_Quail_mail_in_Golden_Gate_Park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/California_Quail_mail_in_Golden_Gate_Park.JPG/240px-California_Quail_mail_in_Golden_Gate_Park.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaquita7_Olson_NOAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vaquita7_Olson_NOAA.jpg/125px-Vaquita7_Olson_NOAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 125px;height: 79px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vaquita7_Olson_NOAA.jpg/125px-Vaquita7_Olson_NOAA.jpg" data-width="125" data-height="79" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vaquita7_Olson_NOAA.jpg/188px-Vaquita7_Olson_NOAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Vaquita7_Olson_NOAA.jpg/250px-Vaquita7_Olson_NOAA.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg/125px-Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3560" data-file-height="2374"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 125px;height: 83px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg/125px-Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg" data-width="125" data-height="83" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg/188px-Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg/250px-Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:#e9e9e9;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Sea otter</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California_quail" title="California quail">California quail</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vaquita" title="Vaquita">Vaquita</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California_condor" title="California condor">California condor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antilocapra_americana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Antilocapra_americana.jpg/120px-Antilocapra_americana.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 101px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Antilocapra_americana.jpg/120px-Antilocapra_americana.jpg" data-width="120" data-height="101" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Antilocapra_americana.jpg/180px-Antilocapra_americana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Antilocapra_americana.jpg/240px-Antilocapra_americana.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:White_shark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/White_shark.jpg/125px-White_shark.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="87" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="835"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 125px;height: 87px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/White_shark.jpg/125px-White_shark.jpg" data-width="125" data-height="87" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/White_shark.jpg/188px-White_shark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/White_shark.jpg/250px-White_shark.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arctocephalus_townsendi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Arctocephalus_townsendi.jpg/120px-Arctocephalus_townsendi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="405"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 81px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Arctocephalus_townsendi.jpg/120px-Arctocephalus_townsendi.jpg" data-width="120" data-height="81" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Arctocephalus_townsendi.jpg/180px-Arctocephalus_townsendi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Arctocephalus_townsendi.jpg/240px-Arctocephalus_townsendi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crotalus_cerastes_mesquite_springs_CA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Crotalus_cerastes_mesquite_springs_CA.JPG/120px-Crotalus_cerastes_mesquite_springs_CA.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Crotalus_cerastes_mesquite_springs_CA.JPG/120px-Crotalus_cerastes_mesquite_springs_CA.JPG" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Crotalus_cerastes_mesquite_springs_CA.JPG/180px-Crotalus_cerastes_mesquite_springs_CA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Crotalus_cerastes_mesquite_springs_CA.JPG/240px-Crotalus_cerastes_mesquite_springs_CA.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Desert_Bighorn_Sheep_Joshua_Tree_cropped.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Desert_Bighorn_Sheep_Joshua_Tree_cropped.JPG/120px-Desert_Bighorn_Sheep_Joshua_Tree_cropped.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1828" data-file-height="1492"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 98px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Desert_Bighorn_Sheep_Joshua_Tree_cropped.JPG/120px-Desert_Bighorn_Sheep_Joshua_Tree_cropped.JPG" data-width="120" data-height="98" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Desert_Bighorn_Sheep_Joshua_Tree_cropped.JPG/180px-Desert_Bighorn_Sheep_Joshua_Tree_cropped.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Desert_Bighorn_Sheep_Joshua_Tree_cropped.JPG/240px-Desert_Bighorn_Sheep_Joshua_Tree_cropped.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:#e9e9e9;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">Pronghorn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_white_shark" title="Great white shark">Great white shark</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_fur_seal" title="Guadalupe fur seal">Guadalupe fur seal</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Crotalus_cerastes" title="Crotalus cerastes">Crotalus cerastes</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">Bighorn sheep</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boojum_tree_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Boojum_tree_02.jpg/120px-Boojum_tree_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Boojum_tree_02.jpg/120px-Boojum_tree_02.jpg" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Boojum_tree_02.jpg/180px-Boojum_tree_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Boojum_tree_02.jpg/240px-Boojum_tree_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:California_poppy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/California_poppy.jpg/120px-California_poppy.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/California_poppy.jpg/120px-California_poppy.jpg" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/California_poppy.jpg/180px-California_poppy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/California_poppy.jpg/240px-California_poppy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Washingtonia_filifera_%E2%80%94_Mary%27s_Grove_%E2%80%94_Florian_Boyd_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Washingtonia_filifera_%E2%80%94_Mary%27s_Grove_%E2%80%94_Florian_Boyd_001.jpg/120px-Washingtonia_filifera_%E2%80%94_Mary%27s_Grove_%E2%80%94_Florian_Boyd_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Washingtonia_filifera_%E2%80%94_Mary%27s_Grove_%E2%80%94_Florian_Boyd_001.jpg/120px-Washingtonia_filifera_%E2%80%94_Mary%27s_Grove_%E2%80%94_Florian_Boyd_001.jpg" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Washingtonia_filifera_%E2%80%94_Mary%27s_Grove_%E2%80%94_Florian_Boyd_001.jpg/180px-Washingtonia_filifera_%E2%80%94_Mary%27s_Grove_%E2%80%94_Florian_Boyd_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Washingtonia_filifera_%E2%80%94_Mary%27s_Grove_%E2%80%94_Florian_Boyd_001.jpg/240px-Washingtonia_filifera_%E2%80%94_Mary%27s_Grove_%E2%80%94_Florian_Boyd_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coreopsis_gigantea_6.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coreopsis_gigantea_6.JPG/120px-Coreopsis_gigantea_6.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coreopsis_gigantea_6.JPG/120px-Coreopsis_gigantea_6.JPG" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coreopsis_gigantea_6.JPG/180px-Coreopsis_gigantea_6.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coreopsis_gigantea_6.JPG/240px-Coreopsis_gigantea_6.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinus_radiata_HuckleberryHill1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pinus_radiata_HuckleberryHill1.jpg/120px-Pinus_radiata_HuckleberryHill1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pinus_radiata_HuckleberryHill1.jpg/120px-Pinus_radiata_HuckleberryHill1.jpg" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pinus_radiata_HuckleberryHill1.jpg/180px-Pinus_radiata_HuckleberryHill1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pinus_radiata_HuckleberryHill1.jpg/240px-Pinus_radiata_HuckleberryHill1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; background:#e9e9e9;"> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Fouquieria_columnaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouquieria columnaris">Fouquieria columnaris</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Eschscholzia_californica" title="Eschscholzia californica">Eschscholzia californica</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Washingtonia_filifera" title="Washingtonia filifera">Washingtonia filifera</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Coreopsis_gigantea" title="Coreopsis gigantea">Coreopsis gigantea</a></i> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Pinus_radiata" title="Pinus radiata">Pinus radiata</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_earthquakes">2010 earthquakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2010 earthquakes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2010_Baja_California_earthquake" title="2010 Baja California earthquake">2010 Baja California earthquake</a></div> <p>At 3:40:41 pm PDT on Easter Sunday, 4 April 2010, a 7.2 M<sub>w</sub>  (on the <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">moment magnitude scale</a>) magnitude northwest-trending <a href="/wiki/Strike-slip_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike-slip earthquake">strike-slip earthquake</a> hit the <a href="/wiki/Mexicali_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexicali Valley">Mexicali Valley</a>, with its <a href="/wiki/Epicenter" title="Epicenter">epicenter</a> 26 km (16 mi) southwest of the city of <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Victoria,_Baja_California" title="Guadalupe Victoria, Baja California">Guadalupe Victoria, Baja California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main shock was felt as far as the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas metro">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_metropolitan_area" title="Phoenix metropolitan area">Phoenix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tucson_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Tucson metropolitan area">Tucson metropolitan areas</a>, and in Yuma.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2020)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> At least a half-dozen <a href="/wiki/Aftershock" title="Aftershock">aftershocks</a> with magnitudes between 5.0 and 5.4 were reported, including a 5.1-magnitude shaker at 4:14 am that was centered near <a href="/wiki/El_Centro,_California" title="El Centro, California">El Centro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 6:31<span class="nowrap"> </span>am PDT on 5 April 2010, two people were confirmed dead.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bajacaliforniamapaconcodigosmunicipales(2020-2022).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bajacaliforniamapaconcodigosmunicipales%282020-2022%29.png/220px-Bajacaliforniamapaconcodigosmunicipales%282020-2022%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="4608"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bajacaliforniamapaconcodigosmunicipales%282020-2022%29.png/220px-Bajacaliforniamapaconcodigosmunicipales%282020-2022%29.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bajacaliforniamapaconcodigosmunicipales%282020-2022%29.png/330px-Bajacaliforniamapaconcodigosmunicipales%282020-2022%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Bajacaliforniamapaconcodigosmunicipales%282020-2022%29.png/440px-Bajacaliforniamapaconcodigosmunicipales%282020-2022%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Municipalities of Baja California in 2020</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipalities_of_Baja_California">Municipalities of Baja California</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Municipalities of Baja California" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Baja_California" title="Municipalities of Baja California">Municipalities of Baja California</a></div> <p>Baja California is subdivided into seven <i><a href="/wiki/Municipio_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipio (Mexico)">municipios</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities">municipalities</a>'): <a href="/wiki/Ensenada_Municipality,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensenada Municipality, Baja California">Ensenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexicali_Municipality,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexicali Municipality, Baja California">Mexicali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tecate_Municipality,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Tecate Municipality, Baja California">Tecate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Municipality,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Tijuana Municipality, Baja California">Tijuana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosarito_Beach_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosarito Beach Municipality">Rosarito</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Quint%C3%ADn_Municipality" title="San Quintín Municipality">San Quintín</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_Municipality,_Baja_California" title="San Felipe Municipality, Baja California">San Felipe</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_elections">State elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: State elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marina_del_Pilar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Marina_del_Pilar.jpg/220px-Marina_del_Pilar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1042" data-file-height="1042"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Marina_del_Pilar.jpg/220px-Marina_del_Pilar.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Marina_del_Pilar.jpg/330px-Marina_del_Pilar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Marina_del_Pilar.jpg/440px-Marina_del_Pilar.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marina_del_Pilar_%C3%81vila_Olmeda" title="Marina del Pilar Ávila Olmeda">Marina del Pilar Ávila Olmeda</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Baja_California" title="Governor of Baja California">governor of Baja California</a> since 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>In Baja California, state elections are held every two years (every three years prior to 2019) for the positions of <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Baja_California" title="Governor of Baja California">state governor</a>, 25 state deputies of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Baja_California" title="Congress of Baja California">Congress of Baja California</a>, and 5 municipal mayors. Of the 25 state deputies, 17 are elected by relative majority in each of the electoral districts, while another 8 are elected by proportional representation. The 17 deputies elected by relative majority may be re-elected for up to four consecutive terms, while the other 8 deputies can only serve one term. </p><p>During the 2019 Baja California state election, <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Bonilla_Valdez" title="Jaime Bonilla Valdez">Jaime Bonilla Valdez</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)">Morena</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Juntos_Hacemos_Historia" title="Juntos Hacemos Historia">Juntos Hacemos Historia</a> coalition won by a margin of 27.58% to become the governor of Baja California. In addition, 21 out of 25 state deputy positions and all 5 municipal mayoral positions were won by candidates aligned with the Juntos Hacemos Historia coalition. </p><p>During the 2021 Baja California state election, <a href="/wiki/Marina_del_Pilar_%C3%81vila_Olmeda" title="Marina del Pilar Ávila Olmeda">Marina del Pilar Ávila Olmeda</a> of the Morena-led <a href="/wiki/Juntos_Hacemos_Historia" title="Juntos Hacemos Historia">Juntos Hacemos Historia</a> coalition won by a margin of 17.49% to become the first female governor of Baja California. Of the state's 25 local deputies, 13 were won by Morena-aligned candidates, followed in a distant second place by candidates of the <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Encounter_Party" title="Solidarity Encounter Party">Solidarity Encounter Party</a> (PES), <a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">National Action Party</a> (PAN), and <a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Mexico)" title="Labor Party (Mexico)">Labor Party</a> (PT) with 3 seats each. All 5 municipal mayoral positions were again won by Morena-aligned candidates. </p><p>The next state elections are scheduled for <a href="/w/index.php?title=2023_Baja_California_state_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023 Baja California state election (page does not exist)">2023</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_elections">Federal elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Federal elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; font-size: 90%"> <caption><b>Presidential election results</b><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:lightgrey;"> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party" title="Institutional Revolutionary Party">PRI</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Mexico)" title="National Action Party (Mexico)">PAN</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Revolution" title="Party of the Democratic Revolution">PRD</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)">MORENA</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#C06352;"><a href="/wiki/2018_Mexican_general_election" title="2018 Mexican general election">2018</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#83B687;"><div style="float: left;"> 8.86% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>94,296</i></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#4E79B2;"><div style="float: left;"> 19.33% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>205,747</i></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:lightgrey;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#C06352;"><b><div style="float: left;"> 63.10% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>671,599</i></div></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#83B687;"><a href="/wiki/2012_Mexican_general_election" title="2012 Mexican general election">2012</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#83B687;"><b><div style="float: left;"> 36.99% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>446,192</i></div></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#4E79B2;"><div style="float: left;"> 27.20% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>328,116</i></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F9D86B;"><div style="float: left;"> 31.15% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>375,803</i></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:lightgrey;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#4E79B2;"><a href="/wiki/2006_Mexican_general_election" title="2006 Mexican general election">2006</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#83B687;"><div style="float: left;"> 21.38% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>203,233</i></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#4E79B2;"><b><div style="float: left;"> 47.35% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>450,186</i></div></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F9D86B;"><div style="float: left;"> 23.59% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>224,275</i></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:lightgrey;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#4E79B2;"><a href="/wiki/2000_Mexican_general_election" title="2000 Mexican general election">2000</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#83B687;"><div style="float: left;"> 37.04% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>319,477</i></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#4E79B2;"><b><div style="float: left;"> 49.76% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>429,194</i></div></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F9D86B;"><div style="float: left;"> 8.97% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>77,340</i></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:lightgrey;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#83B687;"><a href="/wiki/1994_Mexican_general_election" title="1994 Mexican general election">1994</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#83B687;"><b><div style="float: left;"> 48.92% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>402,332</i></div></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#4E79B2;"><div style="float: left;"> 36.18% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>297,565</i></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F9D86B;"><div style="float: left;"> 8.35% <span class="nowrap"> </span></div><div style="float: right;"> <i>68,669</i></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:lightgrey;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2018_Mexican_general_election" title="2018 Mexican general election">2018 Mexican general election</a>, the presidential vote of Baja California was won by a landslide of almost 44% by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)">Morena</a> party. Out of the 8 federal deputies representing Baja California in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Mexico)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)">Mexican Chamber of Deputies</a>, 5 were won by Morena candidates, 2 were won by <a href="/wiki/Social_Encounter_Party" title="Social Encounter Party">Social Encounter Party</a> candidates, and 1 was won by a <a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Mexico)" title="Labor Party (Mexico)">Labor Party</a> candidate. The next Mexican general election is scheduled for <a href="/wiki/2024_Mexican_general_election" title="2024 Mexican general election">2024</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2021_Mexican_legislative_election" title="2021 Mexican legislative election">2021 Mexican legislative election</a>, six of the eight federal deputies representing Baja California in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Mexico)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)">Mexican Chamber of Deputies</a> were won by <a href="/wiki/Morena_(political_party)" title="Morena (political party)">Morena</a> candidates, with the other two being won by candidates of the <a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Mexico)" title="Labor Party (Mexico)">Labor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Green_Party_of_Mexico" title="Ecologist Green Party of Mexico">Ecologist Green</a> parties. The next legislative elections are scheduled for <a href="/w/index.php?title=2024_Mexican_legislative_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2024 Mexican legislative election (page does not exist)">2024</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Baja_California" title="Special:EditPage/Baja California">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Baja California</span><br><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source:<sup id="cite_ref-VERACRUZINEGI_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VERACRUZINEGI-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Baja_California_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Baja California by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Baja California">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Baja_California" title="Municipalities of Baja California">Municipality</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Baja_California_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Baja California by population">Pop.</a> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toreo_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tijuana"><noscript><img alt="Tijuana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Toreo_Park.jpg/120px-Toreo_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Toreo_Park.jpg/120px-Toreo_Park.jpg" data-alt="Tijuana" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Toreo_Park.jpg/180px-Toreo_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Toreo_Park.jpg/240px-Toreo_Park.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punta_Este_Mexicali_2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mexicali"><noscript><img alt="Mexicali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Punta_Este_Mexicali_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Punta_Este_Mexicali_2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1191" data-file-height="844"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 85px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Punta_Este_Mexicali_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Punta_Este_Mexicali_2_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Mexicali" data-width="120" data-height="85" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Punta_Este_Mexicali_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Punta_Este_Mexicali_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Punta_Este_Mexicali_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Punta_Este_Mexicali_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Municipality" title="Tijuana Municipality">Tijuana</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,810,645 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cruise_to_Hawaii_(29191567550).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ensenada"><noscript><img alt="Ensenada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cruise_to_Hawaii_%2829191567550%29.jpg/120px-Cruise_to_Hawaii_%2829191567550%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cruise_to_Hawaii_%2829191567550%29.jpg/120px-Cruise_to_Hawaii_%2829191567550%29.jpg" data-alt="Ensenada" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cruise_to_Hawaii_%2829191567550%29.jpg/180px-Cruise_to_Hawaii_%2829191567550%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cruise_to_Hawaii_%2829191567550%29.jpg/240px-Cruise_to_Hawaii_%2829191567550%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><a href="/wiki/Ensenada,_Baja_California" title="Ensenada, Baja California">Ensenada</a><br><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosarito_Beach,_Baja_California,_Mexico_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rosarito"><noscript><img alt="Rosarito" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Rosarito_Beach%2C_Baja_California%2C_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Rosarito_Beach%2C_Baja_California%2C_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="385"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 84px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Rosarito_Beach%2C_Baja_California%2C_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Rosarito_Beach%2C_Baja_California%2C_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Rosarito" data-width="120" data-height="84" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Rosarito_Beach%2C_Baja_California%2C_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Rosarito_Beach%2C_Baja_California%2C_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Rosarito_Beach%2C_Baja_California%2C_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Rosarito_Beach%2C_Baja_California%2C_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><br><a href="/wiki/Rosarito" title="Rosarito">Rosarito</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mexicali_Municipality" title="Mexicali Municipality">Mexicali</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">854,186 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ensenada,_Baja_California" title="Ensenada, Baja California">Ensenada</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ensenada_Municipality" title="Ensenada Municipality">Ensenada</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">330,652 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rosarito" title="Rosarito">Rosarito</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Playas_de_Rosarito_Municipality" title="Playas de Rosarito Municipality"> Playas de Rosarito</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">100,660 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tecate" title="Tecate">Tecate</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tecate_Municipality" title="Tecate Municipality">Tecate</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">81,059 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Campo,_Baja_California" title="Villa del Campo, Baja California">Villa del Campo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tijuana_Municipality" title="Tijuana Municipality">Tijuana</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">33,360 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maneadero" title="Maneadero">Maneadero</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ensenada_Municipality" title="Ensenada Municipality">Ensenada</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">27,969 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Victoria,_Baja_California" title="Guadalupe Victoria, Baja California">Guadalupe Victoria</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mexicali_Municipality" title="Mexicali Municipality">Mexicali</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,081 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1zaro_C%C3%A1rdenas,_Baja_California" title="Lázaro Cárdenas, Baja California">Lázaro Cárdenas</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Quint%C3%ADn_Municipality" title="San Quintín Municipality">San Quintín</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,829 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Felipe,_Baja_California" title="San Felipe, Baja California">San Felipe</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_Municipality,_Baja_California" title="San Felipe Municipality, Baja California">San Felipe</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,143 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1895 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,875</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">— </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,583</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−82.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,760</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,537</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+141.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1930 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">48,327</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+105.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1940 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">78,907</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+63.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">226,965</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+187.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">520,165</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+129.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">870,421</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+67.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1980 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,177,886</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+35.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,660,855</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+41.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1995 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,112,140</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+27.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,487,367</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2005 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,844,469</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">3,155,070</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+10.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,315,766</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,769,020</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">2015 data from Encuesta Intercensal 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Intercensal2015_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intercensal2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Baja California (2010 census)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Roman Catholicism</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#B60000; width:72.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">72.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other Christian</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#7600ED; width:15.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">15.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other religion</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#9F009F; width:0.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#006733; width:10.0%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">10.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Unspecified</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#8D4500; width:2.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.7%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pioneros_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pioneros_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Pioneros_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pioneros_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Pioneros_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pioneros_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Pioneros_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pioneros_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Pioneros_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><i>Los Pioneros</i> monument in <a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a>, dedicated to the pioneers that settled the region</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the state is more European in ancestry, it has historically seen sizable East and Southeast Asian immigrant population. Mexicali has a large Chinese community, as well as many <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipinos</a> who arrived to the state during the eras of Spanish Philippines and American rule (1898–1946) in much of the 19th and 20th centuries. Tijuana and Ensenada were major ports of entry for East Asians entering the U.S. ever since the first <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian Americans</a> were present in California.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to the 2020 Census, 1.71% of Baja California's population identified as Black, <a href="/wiki/Afro-Mexican" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Mexican">Afro-Mexican</a>, or of African descent.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1960, large numbers of migrants from southern Mexican states have arrived to work in agriculture (especially the Mexicali Valley and nearby <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a>, California, U.S.) and manufacturing. The cities of Ensenada, Tijuana, and Mexicali grew as a result of migrants, primarily those who sought U.S. citizenship. Those temporary residents awaiting their entry into the United States are called <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">flotillas</i></span>, which is derived from the Spanish word <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">flota</i></span>, meaning 'fleet'.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There is also a sizable immigrant community from Central and South America, and from the United States and Canada. An estimated 200,000+ American <a href="/wiki/Expatriates" class="mw-redirect" title="Expatriates">expatriates</a> live in the state, especially in <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">coastal resort</a> towns such as Ensenada, known for affordable homes purchased by retirees who continue to hold U.S. citizenship. San Felipe, Rosarito and Tijuana also have a large American population (second largest in Mexico after Mexico City), particularly for their cheaper housing and proximity to San Diego.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some 60,000 Oaxacans live in Baja California. Some 40% of them lack proper birth certificates.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a <a href="/wiki/Consejo_Nacional_de_Ciencia_y_Tecnolog%C3%ADa_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Mexico)">Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología</a> (Conacyt) investigator, a little under a million people were classified as "poor" in the state, up from 2008 when there were roughly 810,000. Exactly who these people are, whether locals, interstate or international migrants, was not explained.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_Baja_California" title="Category:Universities and colleges in Baja California">Category:Universities and colleges in Baja California</a></div> <p>Baja California offers one of the best educational programs in the country, with high rankings in schooling and achievement. </p><p>The state government provides education and qualification courses to increase the workforce standards, such as school–enterprise linkage programs which help the development of a labor force according to the needs of the industry. </p><p>91.60% of the population from six to fourteen years of age attend elementary school. 61.95% of the population over fifteen years of age attends or has already graduated from high school. Public school is available in all levels from kindergarten to university. </p><p>The state has 32 universities offering 103 professional degrees. These universities have 19 research and development centers for basic and applied investigation in advanced projects related to biotechnology, physics, oceanography, computer science, digital <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power" title="Geothermal power">geothermal</a> technology, astronomy, aerospace, electrical engineering and clean energy, among others. At this educational level, supply is steadily growing. Baja California has developed a need to be self-sufficient in matters of technological and scientific innovation and to be less dependent on foreign countries. Current businesses demand new production processes as well as technology for the incubation of companies. The number of graduate degrees offered, including PhD programs, is 121. The state has 53 graduate schools.<sup id="cite_ref-GOBC_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GOBC-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baja_Tank_ship_16451432420_afa83d8152.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Baja_Tank_ship_16451432420_afa83d8152.jpg/220px-Baja_Tank_ship_16451432420_afa83d8152.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Baja_Tank_ship_16451432420_afa83d8152.jpg/220px-Baja_Tank_ship_16451432420_afa83d8152.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Baja_Tank_ship_16451432420_afa83d8152.jpg/330px-Baja_Tank_ship_16451432420_afa83d8152.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Baja_Tank_ship_16451432420_afa83d8152.jpg/440px-Baja_Tank_ship_16451432420_afa83d8152.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Filming of <i><a href="/wiki/Master_and_Commander:_The_Far_Side_of_the_World" title="Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World">Master and Commander</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Baja_Studios" title="Baja Studios">Baja Film Studios</a>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Rosarito" title="Rosarito">Rosarito</a>, Baja Film Studios has become one of the premier production facilities with <a href="/wiki/Horizon_tank" title="Horizon tank">horizon tanks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2005, Baja California's economy represents 3.3% of Mexico's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a>, or US$21.996 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-ICM_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICM-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2020)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Baja California's economy has a strong focus on tariff-free export oriented manufacturing (<a href="/wiki/Maquiladora" title="Maquiladora">maquiladora</a>). As of 2005, 284,255 people are employed in the manufacturing sector.<sup id="cite_ref-ICM_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICM-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are more than 900 companies operating under the federal <a href="/wiki/Prosec_Mexico" title="Prosec Mexico">Prosec</a> program in Baja California. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employment">Employment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Employment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In 2021, Baja California generated 57,550 new jobs, about 15.2 jobs per 1000 inhabitants, making it the 5th highest in the country and the second highest of any border state behind <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n" title="Nuevo León">Nuevo León</a> (86,364 new jobs). The majority of these new jobs were generated in and around the cities of <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ensenada,_Baja_California" title="Ensenada, Baja California">Ensenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosarito,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosarito, Baja California">Playas de Rosarito</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tecate,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Tecate, Baja California">Tecate</a>. Industries that experienced the highest degree of growth in 2021 include <a href="/wiki/Disruptive_innovation" title="Disruptive innovation">transformative industries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Mexico" title="Transportation in Mexico">transport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Mexico" title="Mass media in Mexico">communication</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Construction#Industry_scale_and_characteristics" title="Construction">construction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EP2022_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP2022-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of November 2021, Baja California has the highest <a href="/wiki/Employment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Employment rate">employment rate</a> of any state in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mexico" title="Northern Mexico">northern Mexico</a>, with a rate of 96.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-EP2022_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP2022-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_investment">Economic investment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Economic investment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>As of September 2021, Baja California receives the third highest amount of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a> of any state in Mexico, constituting about 7.7% of the national total and behind only <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n" title="Nuevo León">Nuevo León</a> (7.7%) and <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> (16.5%). About 81.4% of Baja California's foreign domestic investment comes from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, of which 50.3% comes from the construction of <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> pipelines and 8.2% comes car and truck manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-EP2022_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP2022-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real_estate">Real estate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Real estate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Off_topic plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain material <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Guide to writing better articles">not related to the topic of the article</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit">improve this section</a> or discuss this issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Baja_California" title="Talk:Baja California">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Foreign Investment Law of 1973<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allows foreigners to purchase land within the borders and coasts of Mexico by way of a trust handled through a Mexican bank (Fideicomiso). This trust assures to the buyer all the rights and privileges of ownership, and it can be sold, inherited, leased, or transferred at any time. Since 1994, the Foreign Investment Law stipulates that <span class="clarify-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">the Fideicomiso must be to a 50-year term</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Clarify" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="This passage needs to be better explained. (September 2020)">clarify</span></a></i>]</sup>, with the option to petition for a 50-year renewal at any time.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Any Mexican citizen buying a bank trust property has the option to either remain within the trust or opt out of it and request the title in <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">escritura</i></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Translation of the term escritura and why it is important in this context. (September 2020)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Mexico's early history involved foreign invasions and the loss of vast amounts of land; in fear of history being repeated, the Mexican constitution established the concept of the "Restricted Zone".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, in order to bring in more foreign tourist investment, the Bank Trust of Fideicomiso was created, thus allowing non-Mexicans to own land without any constitutional amendment necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the law went into effect, it has undergone many modifications in order to make purchasing land in Mexico a safer investment. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Highways">Highways</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Highways" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Highway_1" title="Mexican Federal Highway 1">Mexican Federal Highway 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Highway_2" title="Mexican Federal Highway 2">Mexican Federal Highway 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Highway_3" title="Mexican Federal Highway 3">Mexican Federal Highway 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Highway_5" title="Mexican Federal Highway 5">Mexican Federal Highway 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Highway_12" title="Mexican Federal Highway 12">Mexican Federal Highway 12</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Mexico" title="List of newspapers in Mexico">Newspapers</a> of Baja California include<sup id="cite_ref-Marín2006_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mar%C3%ADn2006-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>El Centinela</i>, <i>El informador de Baja California</i>, <i>El Mexicano (edición Tijuana)</i>, <i>El Mexicano Segunda Edición</i>, <i>El Sol de Tijuana</i>, <i>El Vigía</i>, <i>Esto de las Californias</i>, <i>Frontera</i>, <i>La Crónica de Baja California</i>, <i>La Voz de la Frontera</i>, and <i>Semanario Zeta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SIC_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIC-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-alt="map" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-alt="map" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_America" title="Portal:Latin America">Latin America portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/48px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/64px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mexico" title="Portal:Mexico">Mexico portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_west_coast_of_North_America" title="History of the west coast of North America">History of the west coast of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Californias" title="The Californias">Las Californias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Baja_California_cities" title="List of Baja California cities">List of Baja California cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California#Missions_in_present-day_Baja_California_(Mexico)" title="Spanish missions in California">Spanish missions in present-day Baja California</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This state is often informally referred to as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Baja California Norte</i></span> (literally "Lower California North" in English) or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Baja Norte</i></span>, to distinguish it from both the <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_peninsula" title="Baja California peninsula">Baja California peninsula</a> as a whole, of which it forms the northern half, and <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Sur" title="Baja California Sur">Baja California Sur</a>, the adjacent state that covers the southern half of the peninsula. While <i>Baja Norte</i> and <i>Baja California Norte</i> are well-established terms for the northern half of the Baja California peninsula, they do not officially exist as political designations for any state or region. The latter name (<i>Baja California Norte</i>) was officially adopted from 1974 to 1979,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and endured unofficially thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other words, "The northern state is officially known as Baja California, but since that name is easily confused with the name for the entire peninsula, it is commonly referred to by visitors and locals alike as Baja Norte."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Delta in the northeast recorded 54.0 °C (129.2 °F) on 3 August 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The state is currently (2008) looking at a plan by <a href="/wiki/SDSU" class="mw-redirect" title="SDSU">SDSU</a> Adj. Professor Newcomb (ICATS)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title='What does "ICATS" stand for? (September 2020)'>further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to do this using his geothermal desalination system to supply water locally. <a href="/wiki/SEMARNAT" class="mw-redirect" title="SEMARNAT">SEMARNAT</a> believes this to be the first viable plan presented.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-collapse-Indicadores-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-collapse-Indicadores_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collapse-Indicadores_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/areasgeograficas/#tabMCcollapse-Indicadores">"México en cifras"</a>. January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210718104723/https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/areasgeograficas/#tabMCcollapse-Indicadores">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9xico+en+cifras&rft.date=2016-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inegi.org.mx%2Fapp%2Fareasgeograficas%2F%23tabMCcollapse-Indicadores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190914040139/http://www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx/portal/nuestro_estado/historia/transformacion.jsp">"Transformación Política de Territorio Norte de la Baja California a Estado 29"</a> [Political Transformation of the North Territory of Peninsula de California to the 29th State] (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx/portal/nuestro_estado/historia/transformacion.jsp">the original</a> on 14 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Transformaci%C3%B3n+Pol%C3%ADtica+de+Territorio+Norte+de+la+Baja+California+a+Estado+29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bajacalifornia.gob.mx%2Fportal%2Fnuestro_estado%2Fhistoria%2Ftransformacion.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308034152/http://e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/bajacalifornia/medi.htm">"Medio Físico del Estado de Baja California"</a> [Landscape of the State of Baja California]. <i>Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México</i> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/bajacalifornia/medi.htm">the original</a> on 8 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Enciclopedia+de+los+Municipios+de+M%C3%A9xico&rft.atitle=Medio+F%C3%ADsico+del+Estado+de+Baja+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fe-local.gob.mx%2Fwork%2Ftemplates%2Fenciclo%2Fbajacalifornia%2Fmedi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Intercensal2015-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Intercensal2015_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intercensal2015_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151210230740/http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/encuestas/hogares/especiales/ei2015/doc/eic_2015_presentacion.pdf">"Encuesta Intercensal 2015"</a> [Inter-census Survey 2015] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/INEGI" class="mw-redirect" title="INEGI">INEGI</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/encuestas/hogares/especiales/ei2015/doc/eic_2015_presentacion.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encuesta+Intercensal+2015&rft.pub=INEGI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inegi.org.mx%2Fest%2Fcontenidos%2Fproyectos%2Fencuestas%2Fhogares%2Fespeciales%2Fei2015%2Fdoc%2Feic_2015_presentacion.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCitibanamex2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Citibanamex (13 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.banamex.com/sitios/analisis-financiero/pdf/revistas//IRAE/IRAE2023.pdf">"Indicadores Regionales de Actividad Económica 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230617233622/https://www.banamex.com/sitios/analisis-financiero/pdf/revistas//IRAE/IRAE2023.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indicadores+Regionales+de+Actividad+Econ%C3%B3mica+2023&rft.date=2023-06-13&rft.au=Citibanamex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.banamex.com%2Fsitios%2Fanalisis-financiero%2Fpdf%2Frevistas%2F%2FIRAE%2FIRAE2023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/time/dst/2023.html">"Daylight Saving Time Around the World 2023"</a>. <i>timeanddate.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104024842/https://www.timeanddate.com/time/dst/2023.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=timeanddate.com&rft.atitle=Daylight+Saving+Time+Around+the+World+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Ftime%2Fdst%2F2023.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722204506/http://www.inegi.org.mx/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/derivada/regionales/pib/pibe2006.pdf">"Sistema de Cuantas Nacionales de México"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/INEGI" class="mw-redirect" title="INEGI">INEGI</a>. 2010. p. 40. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inegi.org.mx/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos/derivada/regionales/pib/pibe2006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sistema+de+Cuantas+Nacionales+de+M%C3%A9xico&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=INEGI&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inegi.org.mx%2Fprod_serv%2Fcontenidos%2Fespanol%2Fbvinegi%2Fproductos%2Fderivada%2Fregionales%2Fpib%2Fpibe2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100608173515/http://www.pesomexicano.com.mx/archivo/2010/junio/03/reporte-jueves-3-de-junio-del-2010--cierre-del-peso-mexicano.htm#leermas">"Reporte: Jueves 3 de Junio del 2010. Cierre del peso mexicano"</a> [Report: Thursday, 3 June 2010. Close of the Mexican peso] (in Spanish). PesoMexicano. 3 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pesomexicano.com.mx/archivo/2010/junio/03/reporte-jueves-3-de-junio-del-2010--cierre-del-peso-mexicano.htm#leermas">the original</a> on 8 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reporte%3A+Jueves+3+de+Junio+del+2010.+Cierre+del+peso+mexicano&rft.pub=PesoMexicano&rft.date=2010-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pesomexicano.com.mx%2Farchivo%2F2010%2Fjunio%2F03%2Freporte-jueves-3-de-junio-del-2010--cierre-del-peso-mexicano.htm%23leermas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaldierna" class="citation book cs1">Saldierna, J. F. <i>Promexico</i>. Editorial Emán. p. 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Promexico&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Editorial+Em%C3%A1n&rft.aulast=Saldierna&rft.aufirst=J.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lands and Peoples: North America</i> (Volume 5 of <i>Lands and Peoples</i>, <a href="/wiki/Grolier" title="Grolier">Grolier</a>, 2005), p. 390.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofsandiego.com/business/2021/04/23/baja-california-embraces-new-branding-to-boost-tourism-during-pandemic-recovery/">Baja California Embraces New Branding to Boost Tourism During Pandemic Recovery</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220906212629/https://timesofsandiego.com/business/2021/04/23/baja-california-embraces-new-branding-to-boost-tourism-during-pandemic-recovery/">Archived</a> 6 September 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Times_of_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of San Diego">Times of San Diego</a></i> (23 Apr 2021).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, Fred and Jones, Gloria. <i>Baja Camping: The Complete Guide</i>, p. 6 (<a href="/wiki/Perseus_Books_Group" title="Perseus Books Group">Avalon Travel Publishing</a>, 1994).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/714">"Rock Paintings of the Sierra de San Francisco"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage">UNESCO World Heritage</a> Convention. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150628232659/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/714/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Heritage+List&rft.atitle=Rock+Paintings+of+the+Sierra+de+San+Francisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160316032333/http://www.mocavo.com/History-of-Riverside-County-California/107384/24">"History of Riverside County, California"</a>. <i>Mocavo</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mocavo.com/History-of-Riverside-County-California/107384/24">the original</a> on 16 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mocavo&rft.atitle=History+of+Riverside+County%2C+California&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mocavo.com%2FHistory-of-Riverside-County-California%2F107384%2F24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Novelo1984" class="citation journal cs1">de Novelo, Maria Eugenia Bonifaz (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080820112906/http://sandiegohistory.org/journal/84winter/ensenada.htm">"Ensenada: Its background, founding and early development"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_San_Diego_History" class="mw-redirect" title="The Journal of San Diego History">The Journal of San Diego History</a></i>. <b>30</b> (Winter). <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Historical Society">San Diego Historical Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/84winter/ensenada.htm">the original</a> on 20 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+San+Diego+History&rft.atitle=Ensenada%3A+Its+background%2C+founding+and+early+development&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=Winter&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=de+Novelo&rft.aufirst=Maria+Eugenia+Bonifaz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegohistory.org%2Fjournal%2F84winter%2Fensenada.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshurst1962" class="citation book cs1">Ashurst, Henry Fountain (1962). Sparks, George F. (ed.). <i>A Many-Colored Toga: The Diary of Henry Fountain Ashurst</i>. Tucson, AZ: <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Arizona_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Arizona Press">The University of Arizona Press</a>. p. 74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Many-Colored+Toga%3A+The+Diary+of+Henry+Fountain+Ashurst&rft.place=Tucson%2C+AZ&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=The+University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Ashurst&rft.aufirst=Henry+Fountain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDibble2012" class="citation web cs1">Dibble, Sandra (2 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2012/07/02/pan-loss-in-baja-california-mirrors-mexicos-trend/">"PAN loss in Baja California mirrors Mexico's trend"</a>. <i>San Diego Union-Tribune</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240614192119/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2012/07/02/pan-loss-in-baja-california-mirrors-mexicos-trend/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>. <q>Following the national trend, voters across this northwest border state — long viewed as a stronghold of the PAN — backed Enrique Peña Nieto of the Institutional Revolutionary Party in the presidential race.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Diego+Union-Tribune&rft.atitle=PAN+loss+in+Baja+California+mirrors+Mexico%27s+trend&rft.date=2012-07-02&rft.aulast=Dibble&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegouniontribune.com%2F2012%2F07%2F02%2Fpan-loss-in-baja-california-mirrors-mexicos-trend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070625074430/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/productos/normales/estacion/bc/NORMAL02011.TXT">"Normales Climatológicas 1971–2000"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Servicio_Meteorol%C3%B3gico_Nacional_(Mexico)" title="Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Mexico)">Servicio Meteorológico Nacional</a>. 25 June 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smn.cna.gob.mx/productos/normales/estacion/bc/NORMAL02011.TXT">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(TXT)</span> on 25 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normales+Climatol%C3%B3gicas+1971%E2%80%932000&rft.pub=Servicio+Meteorol%C3%B3gico+Nacional&rft.date=2007-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmn.cna.gob.mx%2Fproductos%2Fnormales%2Festacion%2Fbc%2FNORMAL02011.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martínez-Ballesté-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mart%C3%ADnez-Ballest%C3%A9_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez-BallestéEzcurra2018" class="citation journal cs1">Martínez-Ballesté, Andrea; Ezcurra, Exequiel (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18268%2FBSGM2018v70n1a5">"Reconstruction of past climatic events using oxygen isotopes in Washingtonia robusta growing in three anthropic oases in Baja California Sur"</a>. <i>Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana</i>. <b>70</b> (1): 79–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18268%2FBSGM2018v70n1a5">10.18268/BSGM2018v70n1a5</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bolet%C3%ADn+de+la+Sociedad+Geol%C3%B3gica+Mexicana&rft.atitle=Reconstruction+of+past+climatic+events+using+oxygen+isotopes+in+Washingtonia+robusta+growing+in+three+anthropic+oases+in+Baja+California+Sur&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=79-94&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18268%2FBSGM2018v70n1a5&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez-Ballest%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.au=Ezcurra%2C+Exequiel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.18268%252FBSGM2018v70n1a5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandegeeBrandegee1894" class="citation journal cs1">Brandegee, Katharine Layne; Brandegee, Townshend Stith (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14464#page/1/mode/1up">"Flora of the Cape Region"</a>. <i>Zoe: A Biological Journal</i>. <b>4</b> (4). Zoe Publishing Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200611043037/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14464#page/1/mode/1up">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_Heritage_Library" title="Biodiversity Heritage Library">Biodiversity Heritage Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoe%3A+A+Biological+Journal&rft.atitle=Flora+of+the+Cape+Region&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Brandegee&rft.aufirst=Katharine+Layne&rft.au=Brandegee%2C+Townshend+Stith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F14464%23page%2F1%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogan2008" class="citation web cs1">Hogan, C. Michael (30 August 2008). Stromberg, Nicklas (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213134001/http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_info.asp?thingid=55037">"Western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)"</a>. <i>Globaltwitcher</i>. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globaltwitcher&rft.atitle=Western+fence+lizard+%28Sceloporus+occidentalis%29&rft.date=2008-08-30&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=C.+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globaltwitcher.com%2Fartspec_info.asp%3Fthingid%3D55037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsendNichols1925" class="citation journal cs1">Townsend, Charles H.; Nichols, John T. (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/1170">"Deep Sea Fishes of the 'Albatross' Lower California Expedition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</a></i>. <b>52</b>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2246%2F1170">2246/1170</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200825201006/http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/1170">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.atitle=Deep+Sea+Fishes+of+the+%27Albatross%27+Lower+California+Expedition&rft.volume=52&rft.date=1925&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2246%2F1170&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=Charles+H.&rft.au=Nichols%2C+John+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitallibrary.amnh.org%2Fhandle%2F2246%2F1170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100406193028/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/ci14607652.php">"Magnitude 7.2 – Baja California, Mexico"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Earthquake_Hazards_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquake Hazards Program">Earthquake Hazards Program</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. 6 April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/ci14607652.php">the original</a> on 6 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earthquake+Hazards+Program&rft.atitle=Magnitude+7.2+%E2%80%93+Baja+California%2C+Mexico&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Frecenteqsww%2FQuakes%2Fci14607652.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> (4 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100409065603/http://www.ktvu.com/news/23050549/detail.html">"At Least Two Die In 7.3-Magnitude Baja Quake"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KTVU" title="KTVU">KTVU</a>. KTVU. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktvu.com/news/23050549/detail.html">the original</a> on 9 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=At+Least+Two+Die+In+7.3-Magnitude+Baja+Quake&rft.date=2010-04-04&rft.au=Associated+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktvu.com%2Fnews%2F23050549%2Fdetail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlandsValenciaVercammenGilgoff2010" class="citation news cs1">Rowlands, Ted; Valencia, Nick; Vercammen, Paul; Gilgoff, Dan (6 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/04/05/mexico.earthquake/index.html?hpt=T2">"Baja governor seeks emergency declaration after quake"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN_Wire" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN Wire">CNN Wire</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108185849/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/04/05/mexico.earthquake/index.html?hpt=T2">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Baja+governor+seeks+emergency+declaration+after+quake&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft.aulast=Rowlands&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft.au=Valencia%2C+Nick&rft.au=Vercammen%2C+Paul&rft.au=Gilgoff%2C+Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2010%2FWORLD%2Famericas%2F04%2F05%2Fmexico.earthquake%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3DT2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130321074238/http://electionsmx2012.appspot.com/results/embed?state=mx">"Resultados de las Elecciones Federales – México 2012"</a> [Federal Election Results – Mexico 2012] (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://electionsmx2012.appspot.com/results/embed?state=mx">the original</a> on 21 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resultados+de+las+Elecciones+Federales+%E2%80%93+M%C3%A9xico+2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felectionsmx2012.appspot.com%2Fresults%2Fembed%3Fstate%3Dmx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VERACRUZINEGI-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VERACRUZINEGI_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/cpv2020_b_bc_01_poblacion.xlsx">"Censo Baja California 2020"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230522034925/https://inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/ccpv/2020/tabulados/cpv2020_b_bc_01_poblacion.xlsx">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Censo+Baja+California+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finegi.org.mx%2Fcontenidos%2Fprogramas%2Fccpv%2F2020%2Ftabulados%2Fcpv2020_b_bc_01_poblacion.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130309042321/http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/ccpv/cpv2010/Default.aspx">"Censo de Población y Vivienda 2010"</a> [Census of Population and Housing 2010] (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/INEGI" class="mw-redirect" title="INEGI">INEGI</a>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/ccpv/cpv2010/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 9 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Censo+de+Poblaci%C3%B3n+y+Vivienda+2010&rft.pub=INEGI&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inegi.org.mx%2Fest%2Fcontenidos%2Fproyectos%2Fccpv%2Fcpv2010%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ccpv/2020/tableros/panorama/">"Panorama"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126013823/https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ccpv/2020/tableros/panorama/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Panorama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inegi.org.mx%2Fprogramas%2Fccpv%2F2020%2Ftableros%2Fpanorama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">López, Citlalli (28 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140525235340/http://www.noticiasnet.mx/portal/general/migrantes/127126-con-problemas-en-acta-de-nacimiento-40-de-oaxaque%C3%B1os-en-baja-california">"Con problemas en acta de nacimiento 40% de oaxaqueños en Baja California"</a> [40% of Oaxacans in Baja California have problems with birth certificates]. <i>Noticiasnet</i> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noticiasnet.mx/portal/oaxaca/general/migrantes/127126-problemas-acta-nacimiento-40-oaxaquenos-baja-california">the original</a> on 25 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Noticiasnet&rft.atitle=Con+problemas+en+acta+de+nacimiento+40%25+de+oaxaque%C3%B1os+en+Baja+California&rft.date=2012-11-28&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez&rft.aufirst=Citlalli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noticiasnet.mx%2Fportal%2Foaxaca%2Fgeneral%2Fmigrantes%2F127126-problemas-acta-nacimiento-40-oaxaquenos-baja-california&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalván2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Galván, Rocío (15 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018163502/http://www.oem.com.mx/elsoldetijuana/notas/n4303592.htm">"Aumentó pobreza en BC, de 2008 al 2014"</a> [Poverty increased in BC, from 2008 to 2014]. <i>El Sol de Tijuana</i> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Editorial_Mexicana" title="Organización Editorial Mexicana">Organización Editorial Mexicana</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oem.com.mx/elsoldetijuana/notas/n4303592.htm">the original</a> on 18 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Sol+de+Tijuana&rft.atitle=Aument%C3%B3+pobreza+en+BC%2C+de+2008+al+2014&rft.date=2016-10-15&rft.aulast=Galv%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Roc%C3%ADo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oem.com.mx%2Felsoldetijuana%2Fnotas%2Fn4303592.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GOBC-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GOBC_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011124241/http://www.investinbaja.gob.mx/english/workforce/education.htm">"Education System"</a>. <i>Invest in Baja</i>. Mexicali, Baja California: Secretariat of Economic Development. 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.investinbaja.gob.mx/english/workforce/education.htm">the original</a> on 11 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Invest+in+Baja&rft.atitle=Education+System&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investinbaja.gob.mx%2Fenglish%2Fworkforce%2Feducation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuttalib2007" class="citation web cs1">Muttalib, Bashirah (21 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2007/film/markets-festivals/twentieth-century-fox-sells-baja-1117965539/">"Twentieth Century Fox sells Baja"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180514141945/http://variety.com/2007/film/markets-festivals/twentieth-century-fox-sells-baja-1117965539/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2018. <q>The studio ultimately became one of the industry's premier water-tank facilities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Twentieth+Century+Fox+sells+Baja&rft.date=2007-05-21&rft.aulast=Muttalib&rft.aufirst=Bashirah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2007%2Ffilm%2Fmarkets-festivals%2Ftwentieth-century-fox-sells-baja-1117965539%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICM-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICM_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICM_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bancomext.gob.mx/">Industrial Costs in Mexico – A Guide for Foreign Investors 2007</a> (Report). Mexico City: Bancomext. 2007. p. 86. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140701034945/http://www.bancomext.gob.mx/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Industrial+Costs+in+Mexico+%E2%80%93+A+Guide+for+Foreign+Investors+2007&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Bancomext&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bancomext.gob.mx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EP2022-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EP2022_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP2022_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP2022_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx/Documentos/economia/panorama-economico.pdf">"Panorama Económico de Baja California - Enero de 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Secretario de Economía e Innovación de Baja California</i>. January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220406225226/http://www.bajacalifornia.gob.mx/Documentos/economia/panorama-economico.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Secretario+de+Econom%C3%ADa+e+Innovaci%C3%B3n+de+Baja+California&rft.atitle=Panorama+Econ%C3%B3mico+de+Baja+California+-+Enero+de+2022&rft.date=2022-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bajacalifornia.gob.mx%2FDocumentos%2Feconomia%2Fpanorama-economico.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/201459/Foreign_Investment_Law.pdf">"Foreign Investment Law"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>gob.mx</i>. Government of Mexico. 9 March 1973. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924231339/https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/201459/Foreign_Investment_Law.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gob.mx&rft.atitle=Foreign+Investment+Law&rft.date=1973-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gob.mx%2Fcms%2Fuploads%2Fattachment%2Ffile%2F201459%2FForeign_Investment_Law.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVargas1994" class="citation journal cs1">Vargas, Jorge A. (January 1994). "Mexico: Foreign Investment Act of 1993". <i><a href="/wiki/International_Legal_Materials" class="mw-redirect" title="International Legal Materials">International Legal Materials</a></i>. <b>33</b> (1): 207–224. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020782900027157">10.1017/S0020782900027157</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154227798">154227798</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Legal+Materials&rft.atitle=Mexico%3A+Foreign+Investment+Act+of+1993&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=207-224&rft.date=1994-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020782900027157&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154227798%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Vargas&rft.aufirst=Jorge+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100416040603/http://www.mexidata.info/id2615.html">"Mexico and Direct Foreign Ownership of Coastal Property"</a>. <i>MexiData.info</i>. 12 April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mexidata.info/id2615.html">the original</a> on 16 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MexiData.info&rft.atitle=Mexico+and+Direct+Foreign+Ownership+of+Coastal+Property&rft.date=2010-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mexidata.info%2Fid2615.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mexicolaw.com/LawInfo17.htm">"The Restricted Zone in Mexico"</a>. <i>Penner & Associates</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140525200429/https://mexicolaw.com/LawInfo17.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Penner+%26+Associates&rft.atitle=The+Restricted+Zone+in+Mexico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mexicolaw.com%2FLawInfo17.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRestrepo" class="citation web cs1">Restrepo, Mario. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bajaopenhouse.com/Fideicomiso_-_Bank_Trust/page_1922035.html">"Buying Real Estate in Baja? You Need a Fideicomiso!"</a>. <i>Baja Open House</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140525200432/https://www.bajaopenhouse.com/Fideicomiso_-_Bank_Trust/page_1922035.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baja+Open+House&rft.atitle=Buying+Real+Estate+in+Baja%3F+You+Need+a+Fideicomiso%21&rft.aulast=Restrepo&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bajaopenhouse.com%2FFideicomiso_-_Bank_Trust%2Fpage_1922035.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marín2006-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mar%C3%ADn2006_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManuel_Ortiz_Marín2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Manuel Ortiz Marín, ed. (2006). <i>Los medios de comunicación en Baja California</i> (in Spanish). Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-970-701-735-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-970-701-735-1"><bdi>978-970-701-735-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+medios+de+comunicaci%C3%B3n+en+Baja+California&rft.pub=Universidad+Aut%C3%B3noma+de+Baja+California&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-970-701-735-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIC-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SIC_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sic.gob.mx/lista.php?table=impresos&disciplina=&estado_id=2">"Publicaciones periódicas en Baja California"</a>. <i>Sistema de Información Cultural</i> (in Spanish). Gobierno de Mexico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726131045/https://sic.gob.mx/lista.php?table=impresos&disciplina=&estado_id=2">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sistema+de+Informaci%C3%B3n+Cultural&rft.atitle=Publicaciones+peri%C3%B3dicas+en+Baja+California&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsic.gob.mx%2Flista.php%3Ftable%3Dimpresos%26disciplina%3D%26estado_id%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200307192643/http://libguides.utsa.edu/latamnews">"Latin American & Mexican Online News"</a>. <i>Research Guides</i>. San Antonio, TX: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_San_Antonio_Libraries" title="University of Texas at San Antonio Libraries">University of Texas at San Antonio Libraries</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libguides.utsa.edu/latamnews">the original</a> on 7 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+Guides&rft.atitle=Latin+American+%26+Mexican+Online+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibguides.utsa.edu%2Flatamnews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlaisdell1962" class="citation book cs1">Blaisdell, Lowell L. (1962). <i>The Desert Revolution: Baja California, 1911</i>. Madison, WI: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Desert+Revolution%3A+Baja+California%2C+1911&rft.place=Madison%2C+WI&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Blaisdell&rft.aufirst=Lowell+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastillo-Muñoz2016" class="citation book cs1">Castillo-Muñoz, Verónica (November 2016). <i>The Other California: Land, Identity, and Politics on the Mexican Borderlands</i>. Oakland, CA: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520291638" title="Special:BookSources/9780520291638"><bdi>9780520291638</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+California%3A+Land%2C+Identity%2C+and+Politics+on+the+Mexican+Borderlands&rft.place=Oakland%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2016-11&rft.isbn=9780520291638&rft.aulast=Castillo-Mu%C3%B1oz&rft.aufirst=Ver%C3%B3nica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristensen2013" class="citation journal cs1">Christensen, Catherine (1 May 2013). "Mujeres Públicas: American Prostitutes in Baja California, 1910–1930". <i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Historical_Review" title="Pacific Historical Review">Pacific Historical Review</a></i>. <b>82</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>: 215–247. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fphr.2013.82.2.215">10.1525/phr.2013.82.2.215</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Mujeres+P%C3%BAblicas%3A+American+Prostitutes+in+Baja+California%2C+1910%E2%80%931930&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=215-247&rft.date=2013-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fphr.2013.82.2.215&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan1994" class="citation journal cs1">Duncan, Robert H. (November 1994). "The Chinese and the Economic Development of Northern Baja California, 1889–1929". <i><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_American_Historical_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic American Historical Review">Hispanic American Historical Review</a></i>. <b>74</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>: 615–647. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2517494">10.2307/2517494</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2517494">2517494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hispanic+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Chinese+and+the+Economic+Development+of+Northern+Baja+California%2C+1889%E2%80%931929&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=615-647&rft.date=1994-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2517494&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2517494%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDwyer2008" class="citation book cs1">Dwyer, John J. (September 2008). <i>The Agrarian Dispute: The Expropriation of American-Owned Rural Land in Postrevolutionary Mexico</i>. Durham, NC: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-08223-4309-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-08223-4309-7"><bdi>978-08223-4309-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Agrarian+Dispute%3A+The+Expropriation+of+American-Owned+Rural+Land+in+Postrevolutionary+Mexico&rft.place=Durham%2C+NC&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2008-09&rft.isbn=978-08223-4309-7&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart2006" class="citation book cs1">Hart, John Mason (January 2006). <i>Empire and Revolution: The Americans in Mexico since the Civil War</i>. Berkeley, CA: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520246713" title="Special:BookSources/9780520246713"><bdi>9780520246713</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+and+Revolution%3A+The+Americans+in+Mexico+since+the+Civil+War&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006-01&rft.isbn=9780520246713&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=John+Mason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerig1989" class="citation thesis cs1">Kerig, Dorothy Pierson (1989). <i>Yankee Enclave: The Colorado River Land Company and Mexican Agrarian Reform in Baja California 1902–1944</i> (PhD). <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Yankee+Enclave%3A+The+Colorado+River+Land+Company+and+Mexican+Agrarian+Reform+in+Baja+California+1902%E2%80%931944&rft.inst=University+of+California%2C+Irvine&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Kerig&rft.aufirst=Dorothy+Pierson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeón-PortillaPiñera_Ramírez2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Le%C3%B3n-Portilla" title="Miguel León-Portilla">León-Portilla, Miguel</a>; Piñera Ramírez, David (2010). <i>Baja California: historia breve</i> [<i>Baja California: brief history</i>] (in Spanish). Mexico City: <a href="/wiki/El_Colegio_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="El Colegio de México">El Colegio de México</a>: Fideicomiso Historia de las Américas: Fondo de Cultura Económica. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786074621891" title="Special:BookSources/9786074621891"><bdi>9786074621891</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baja+California%3A+historia+breve&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=El+Colegio+de+M%C3%A9xico%3A+Fideicomiso+Historia+de+las+Am%C3%A9ricas%3A+Fondo+de+Cultura+Econ%C3%B3mica&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9786074621891&rft.aulast=Le%C3%B3n-Portilla&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rft.au=Pi%C3%B1era+Ram%C3%ADrez%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez1956" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Martínez, Pablo L. (1956). <i>Historia de Baja California</i> [<i>History of Baja California</i>] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Editorial Baja California.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+Baja+California&rft.place=Mexico+City&rft.pub=Editorial+Baja+California&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez&rft.aufirst=Pablo+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen1963" class="citation journal cs1">Owen, Roger C. (1963). "Indians and Revolution: The 1911 Invasion of Baja California, Mexico". <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnohistory_(journal)" title="Ethnohistory (journal)">Ethnohistory</a></i>. <b>10</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>: 373–395. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F480336">10.2307/480336</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/480336">480336</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnohistory&rft.atitle=Indians+and+Revolution%3A+The+1911+Invasion+of+Baja+California%2C+Mexico&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=373-395&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F480336&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F480336%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Roger+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchantz2010" class="citation book cs1">Schantz, Eric M. (February 2010). "Behind the Noir Border: Tourism, the Vice Racket, and Power Relations in Baja California's Border Zone, 1938–65". In Berger, Dina; Wood, Andrew Grant (eds.). <i>Holiday in Mexico: Critical Reflections on Tourism and Tourist Encounters</i>. Durham, NC: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. pp. 130–160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4571-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4571-8"><bdi>978-0-8223-4571-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Noir+Border%3A+Tourism%2C+the+Vice+Racket%2C+and+Power+Relations+in+Baja+California%27s+Border+Zone%2C+1938%E2%80%9365&rft.btitle=Holiday+in+Mexico%3A+Critical+Reflections+on+Tourism+and+Tourist+Encounters&rft.place=Durham%2C+NC&rft.pages=130-160&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2010-02&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-4571-8&rft.aulast=Schantz&rft.aufirst=Eric+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern1973" class="citation book cs1">Stern, Norton B. (1973). <i>Baja California: Jewish Refuge and Homeland</i>. Baja California Travels series #32. Los Angeles, CA: <a href="/wiki/Dawson%27s_Book_Shop" title="Dawson's Book Shop">Dawson's Book Shop</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0870932322" title="Special:BookSources/0870932322"><bdi>0870932322</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baja+California%3A+Jewish+Refuge+and+Homeland&rft.place=Los+Angeles%2C+CA&rft.series=Baja+California+Travels+series+%2332&rft.pub=Dawson%27s+Book+Shop&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0870932322&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Norton+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanderwood2004" class="citation book cs1">Vanderwood, Paul J. (November 2004). <i>Juan Soldado: Rapist, Murderer, Martyr, Saint</i>. Durham, NC: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3415-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3415-6"><bdi>978-0-8223-3415-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Juan+Soldado%3A+Rapist%2C+Murderer%2C+Martyr%2C+Saint&rft.place=Durham%2C+NC&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2004-11&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-3415-6&rft.aulast=Vanderwood&rft.aufirst=Paul+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaja+California" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Baja California</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_(state)" class="extiw" title="c:Baja California (state)">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Baja_California" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Baja California">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Baja_California_(state)" class="extiw" title="voy:Baja California (state)">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2589601">Baja California</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110616064539/http://www.aida-americas.org/en/cabo_pulmo">Baja California Sur: Cabo Pulmo Coral Reef in Danger</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520145457/http://www.aida-americas.org/en">Interamerican Association for Environmental Defense</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927205944/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/wb2/ELOCAL/EMM_bajacalifornia">Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wate.com/news/baja-california-leads-mexico-in-overall-crime/">Baja California leads Mexico in overall crime</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&oldid=1259068415">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&oldid=1259068415</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="FlightTerminationSystem" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1732338535"> <span>Last edited on 23 November 2024, at 05:08</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B0er_California" title="Niðer California – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Niðer California" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нижняя Калифорния – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Нижняя Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ولاية باها كاليفورنيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ولاية باها كاليفورنيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estau_de_Baixa_California" title="Estau de Baixa California – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estau de Baixa California" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baxa_California" title="Baxa California – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Baxa California" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_Istadu" title="Baja California Istadu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Baja California Istadu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_Kaliforniya" title="Aşağı Kaliforniya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aşağı Kaliforniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_Chiu" title="Baja California Chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Baja California Chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ніжняя Каліфорнія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ніжняя Каліфорнія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ніжняя Каліфорнія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ніжняя Каліфорнія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Долна Калифорния – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Долна Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donja_Kalifornija" title="Donja Kalifornija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Donja Kalifornija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia-Izel" title="Kalifornia-Izel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kalifornia-Izel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixa_Calif%C3%B2rnia" title="Baixa Califòrnia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Baixa Califòrnia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_de_Baja_California" title="Estado de Baja California – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Estado de Baja California" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_(talaith)" title="Baja California (talaith) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Baja California (talaith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_(Bundesstaat)" title="Baja California (Bundesstaat) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baja California (Bundesstaat)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaa%C3%AD_Ah%C3%A9%C3%A9h%C3%A1sh%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81h_Hahoodzo" title="Ayaaí Ahééháshį́į́h Hahoodzo – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ayaaí Ahééháshį́į́h Hahoodzo" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_osariik" title="Baja California osariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Baja California osariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Μπάχα Καλιφόρνια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπάχα Καλιφόρνια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia_Beherea" title="Kalifornia Beherea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kalifornia Beherea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="باخا کالیفرنیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باخا کالیفرنیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basse-Californie_(%C3%89tat)" title="Basse-Californie (État) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Basse-Californie (État)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixa_California" title="Baixa California – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Baixa California" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%ED%95%98%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="바하칼리포르니아주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바하칼리포르니아주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ստորին Կալիֆոռնիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստորին Կալիֆոռնիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_Norte" title="Baja California Norte – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Baja California Norte" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Kalifornia" title="Basa Kalifornia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Basa Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_(negara_bagian)" title="Baja California (negara bagian) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Baja California (negara bagian)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%C3%A6%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Дæллаг Калифорни – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дæллаг Калифорни" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_(fylki)" title="Baja California (fylki) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Baja California (fylki)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassa_California" title="Bassa California – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bassa California" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%97%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="באחה קליפורניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="באחה קליפורניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="ქვემო კალიფორნია (ჩრდილოეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქვემო კალიფორნია (ჩრდილოეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төменгі Калифорния – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Төменгі Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_(jimbo)" title="Baja California (jimbo) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Baja California (jimbo)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basha_Kalifornia" title="Basha Kalifornia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Basha Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Inferior" title="California Inferior – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="California Inferior" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lejaskalifornija" title="Lejaskalifornija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lejaskalifornija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDemutin%C4%97_Kalifornija" title="Žemutinė Kalifornija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žemutinė Kalifornija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Als%C3%B3-Kalifornia" title="Alsó-Kalifornia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alsó-Kalifornia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Долна Калифорнија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Долна Калифорнија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ബാഹാ കാലിഫോർണിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാഹാ കാലിഫോർണിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बाहा कालिफोर्निया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बाहा कालिफोर्निया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="باخا كاليفورنيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باخا كاليفورنيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="باخا کالیفرنیا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="باخا کالیفرنیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_(staat)" title="Baja California (staat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Baja California (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E5%B7%9E" title="バハ・カリフォルニア州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バハ・カリフォルニア州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Лаха Калифорни – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лаха Калифорни" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_(Bundesstoot)" title="Baja California (Bundesstoot) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Baja California (Bundesstoot)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassa_Calif%C3%B2rnia_(estat)" title="Bassa Califòrnia (estat) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bassa Califòrnia (estat)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quyi_shimoliy_Kaliforniya" title="Quyi shimoliy Kaliforniya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Quyi shimoliy Kaliforniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਬਾਖ਼ਾ ਕਾਲੀਫ਼ੋਰਨੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਖ਼ਾ ਕਾਲੀਫ਼ੋਰਨੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="باجا کیلیفورنیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="باجا کیلیفورنیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassa_Calif%C3%B2rnia" title="Bassa Califòrnia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bassa Califòrnia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornia_Dolna" title="Kalifornia Dolna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalifornia Dolna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixa_Calif%C3%B3rnia" title="Baixa Califórnia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baixa Califórnia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_suyu" title="Baja California suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Baja California suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нижняя Калифорния – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нижняя Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calif%C3%B2rnia_Bassa" title="Califòrnia Bassa – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Califòrnia Bassa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California_(state)" title="Baja California (state) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Baja California (state)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%86%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_(%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA)" title="باخا کالیفۆرنیا (ویلایەت) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="باخا کالیفۆرنیا (ویلایەت)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Доња Калифорнија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Доња Калифорнија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donja_Kalifornija" title="Donja Kalifornija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Donja Kalifornija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="பாகா கலிபோர்னியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாகா கலிபோர்னியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Баха-Калифорния – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Баха-Калифорния" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐบาฮากาลิฟอร์เนีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐบาฮากาลิฟอร์เนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Калифорнияи Поёнии Шимолӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Калифорнияи Поёнии Шимолӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нижня Каліфорнія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нижня Каліфорнія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="باخا کیلیفورنیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="باخا کیلیفورنیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ca%C5%82if%C3%B2rnia" title="Basa Całifòrnia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Basa Całifòrnia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Baja California" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="下加利福尼亚州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="下加利福尼亚州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="下加利福尼亞州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="下加利福尼亞州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="下加利福尼亞州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="下加利福尼亞州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 05:08<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baja_California&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-jhvjh","wgBackendResponseTime":249,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.351","walltime":"1.726","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11759,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":264752,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":39657,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":24,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":217134,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1466.628 1 -total"," 26.43% 387.635 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 21.87% 320.712 2 Template:Reflist"," 21.84% 320.306 1 Template:Infobox"," 12.64% 185.363 28 Template:Cite_web"," 7.03% 103.077 11 Template:Fix"," 7.01% 102.828 8 Template:Lang"," 6.89% 101.084 1 Template:Baja_California"," 6.84% 100.249 2 Template:Navbox"," 6.81% 99.838 11 Template:If_empty"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.778","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21532435,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-g8fr8","timestamp":"20241123050857","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Baja California","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baja_California","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q58731","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q58731","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-03-22T06:28:10Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T05:08:55Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/49\/Parque_nacional_Constituci%C3%B3n_de_1857.jpg","headline":"state of Mexico"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>