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[o]" accesskey="o"> Masuk log</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting">pelajari lebih lanjut</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y">Kontribusi</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Karakteristik </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Karakteristik </button> <ul id="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sifat_fisik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_fisik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Sifat fisik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat_fisik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keterjadian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keterjadian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Keterjadian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keterjadian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Isotop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senyawa_dan_sifat_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa_dan_sifat_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Senyawa dan sifat kimia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Senyawa_dan_sifat_kimia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Senyawa dan sifat kimia </button> <ul id="toc-Senyawa_dan_sifat_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reaktivitas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaktivitas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Reaktivitas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaktivitas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senyawa_seng(I)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa_seng(I)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Senyawa seng(I) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa_seng(I)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senyawa_seng(II)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa_seng(II)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Senyawa seng(II) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa_seng(II)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tes_untuk_seng" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tes_untuk_seng"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Tes untuk seng </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tes_untuk_seng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Sejarah </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_kuno" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_kuno"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Penggunaan kuno </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_kuno-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Studi_awal_dan_penamaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studi_awal_dan_penamaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Studi awal dan penamaan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studi_awal_dan_penamaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isolasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isolasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Isolasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isolasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pekerjaan_berikutnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pekerjaan_berikutnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Pekerjaan berikutnya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pekerjaan_berikutnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Produksi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Produksi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Produksi </button> <ul id="toc-Produksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penambangan_dan_pengolahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penambangan_dan_pengolahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Penambangan dan pengolahan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penambangan_dan_pengolahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dampak_lingkungan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dampak_lingkungan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Dampak lingkungan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dampak_lingkungan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Aplikasi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Aplikasi </button> <ul id="toc-Aplikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antikorosi_dan_baterai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antikorosi_dan_baterai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Antikorosi dan baterai </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antikorosi_dan_baterai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paduan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paduan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Paduan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paduan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kegunaan_industri_lainnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kegunaan_industri_lainnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Kegunaan industri lainnya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kegunaan_industri_lainnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimia_organik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia_organik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Kimia organik </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimia_organik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suplemen_makanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suplemen_makanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Suplemen makanan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suplemen_makanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gastroenteritis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastroenteritis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 Gastroenteritis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastroenteritis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pilek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pilek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.2 Pilek </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pilek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penambahan_berat_badan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penambahan_berat_badan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.3 Penambahan berat badan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penambahan_berat_badan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lainnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lainnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.4 Lainnya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lainnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_topikal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_topikal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Penggunaan topikal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_topikal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peran_biologis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peran_biologis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Peran biologis </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Peran_biologis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Peran biologis </button> <ul id="toc-Peran_biologis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enzim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enzim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Enzim </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enzim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persinyalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persinyalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Persinyalan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persinyalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protein_lainnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protein_lainnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Protein lainnya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protein_lainnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Nutrisi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rekomendasi_diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rekomendasi_diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.1 Rekomendasi diet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rekomendasi_diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asupan_makanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asupan_makanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.2 Asupan makanan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asupan_makanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kekurangan_seng" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kekurangan_seng"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Kekurangan seng </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kekurangan_seng-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Remediasi_tanah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remediasi_tanah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Remediasi tanah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remediasi_tanah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agrikultur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agrikultur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Agrikultur </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agrikultur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tindakan_pencegahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tindakan_pencegahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Tindakan pencegahan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tindakan_pencegahan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Tindakan pencegahan </button> <ul id="toc-Tindakan_pencegahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Toksisitas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toksisitas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Toksisitas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toksisitas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keracunan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keracunan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Keracunan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keracunan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Lihat pula </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Catatan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Rujukan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Bibliografi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Seng</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 169 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-169" aria-hidden="true" > 169 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink" title="Sink – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sink" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%9A%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%AD" title="ዚንክ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዚንክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जस्ता – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जस्ता" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%83" title="زنك – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زنك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%DD%A3" title="زنݣ – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="زنݣ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%83" title="زنك – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زنك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95" title="জিংক – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জিংক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinc" title="Cinc – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cinc" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="जिंक – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जिंक" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink" title="Sink – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sink" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9" title="زینک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زینک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Цинк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ng" title="Séng – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Séng" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цынк – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цынк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цынк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цынк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цинк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जस्ता – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जस्ता" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%89%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA" title="သဉ့် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သဉ့်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95" title="জিংক – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জিংক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏི་ཚ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏི་ཚ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zink" title="Zink – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Zink" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cink" title="Cink – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Cink" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80-i%C3%B2ng" title="Ā-iòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ā-iòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9" title="زینک – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زینک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingu" title="Zingu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Zingu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinek" title="Zinek – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zinek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Цинк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinc" title="Sinc – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sinc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zink" title="Zink – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zink" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zink" title="Zink – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zink" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuat_yom" title="Kuat yom – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Kuat yom" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87inko" title="Çinko – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çinko" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%92%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%86%DE%B0" title="ޒިންކް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޒިންކް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ψευδάργυρος – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ψευδάργυρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinko" title="Zinko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zinko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsink" title="Tsink – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsink" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zink" title="Zink – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zink" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="روی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkki" title="Sinkki – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sinkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsink" title="Tsink – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsink" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kapa" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink" title="Sink – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sink" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink" title="Sink – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sink" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink" title="Sink – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sink" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinc" title="Sinc – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sinc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinc" title="Sinc – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sinc" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinc" title="Cinc – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cinc" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%A4" title="જસત – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જસત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinc" title="Shinc – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shinc" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82-y%C3%A8n" title="Â-yèn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Â-yèn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A5" title="אבץ – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जस्ता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जस्ता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cink" title="Cink – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cink" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynk" title="Cynk – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Cynk" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenk" title="Zenk – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zenk" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cink" title="Cink – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cink" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Ցինկ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցինկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Զինկ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Զինկ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinko" title="Zinko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Zinko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink" title="Sink – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sink" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zinco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9C%E9%89%9B" title="亜鉛 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="亜鉛" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/zinki" title="zinki – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="zinki" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8ng" title="Sèng – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sèng" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="თუთია – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თუთია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azzeng" title="Azzeng – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azzeng" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C9%A9%C5%8Bk%C9%A9" title="Zɩŋkɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Zɩŋkɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Мырыш – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мырыш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%81" title="ಸತುವು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸತುವು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%97%B0" title="아연 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아연" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C3%AEnko" title="Çînko – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çînko" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Цинк" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zynk" title="Zynk – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Zynk" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Цинк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zincum" title="Zincum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zincum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9nk" title="Zénk – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zénk" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тутия – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Тутия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zink" title="Zink – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zink" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingo" title="Zingo – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Zingo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinch" title="Zinch – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Zinch" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinch" title="Zinch – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Zinch" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinkas" title="Cinkas – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cinkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinks" title="Cinks – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cinks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Цинка – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Цинка" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanitso" title="Fanitso – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fanitso" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konutea" title="Konutea – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Konutea" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цинк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="നാകം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നാകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80" title="Цайр – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цайр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="जस्त – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जस्त" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Цинк" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timah_sari" title="Timah sari – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Timah sari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Zinco" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="သွပ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သွပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Цинк" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zink" title="Zink – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Zink" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जस्ता – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जस्ता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="जस्ता – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जस्ता" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zink_(element)" title="Zink (element) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zink (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink" title="Sink – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sink" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink" title="Sink – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sink" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinke" title="Sinke – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Sinke" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinku" title="Cinku – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Cinku" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE" title="ଦସ୍ତା – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଦସ୍ତା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цинк" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4" title="ਜਿਸਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਿਸਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="जिंक – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जिंक" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynk" title="Cynk – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cynk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinch" title="Zinch – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Zinch" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%A9" title="زنک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زنک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="جست – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جست" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zinco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin" title="Sin – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цинк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цінк – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Цінк" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="दस्ता – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="दस्ता" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingu" title="Zingu – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Zingu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zincu" title="Zincu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Zincu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="جست – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جست" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cink" title="Cink – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cink" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinok" title="Zinok – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zinok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cink" title="Cink – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cink" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeng%27e" title="Zeng'e – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zeng'e" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinki" title="Sinki – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sinki" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinku" title="Zinku – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zinku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цинк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zink" title="Zink – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Zink" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ng" title="Séng – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Séng" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zink" title="Zink – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zink" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinki" title="Zinki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Zinki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="துத்தநாகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துத்தநாகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="తుత్తునాగము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తుత్తునాగము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%AF%D0%B9_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7)" title="Рӯй (филиз) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рӯй (филиз)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5" title="สังกะสี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สังกะสี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87inko" title="Çinko – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çinko" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Тутыя – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тутыя" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%86%D9%83" title="سىنك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سىنك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цинк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="جست – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rux" title="Rux – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rux" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cink" title="Cink – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Cink" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BA%BDm" title="Kẽm – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kẽm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinkin" title="Zinkin – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Zinkin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singk" title="Singk – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Singk" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Цинкон – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Цинкон" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7" title="צינק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צינק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Zinc" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%85" title="鋅 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鋅" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-i%C3%A2n" title="A-iân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="A-iân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%85" title="鋅 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鋅" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q758#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c">Halaman</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Seng" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Bahasa Indonesia </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seng">Baca</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v">Sunting</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e">Sunting sumber</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h">Lihat riwayat</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Perkakas </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seng">Baca</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v">Sunting</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e">Sunting sumber</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=history">Lihat riwayat</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Seng" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j">Pranala balik</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Seng" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k">Perubahan terkait</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&oldid=26536051" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini">Pranala permanen</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini">Informasi halaman</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Seng&id=26536051&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini">Kutip halaman ini</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSeng">Lihat URL pendek</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSeng">Unduh kode QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Seng">Buat buku</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Seng&action=show-download-screen">Unduh versi PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p">Versi cetak</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Zinc" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q758" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g">Butir di Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r27002510">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333552">.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-station{width:25.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{width:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="background:lightgray;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="float:right;display:inline;background:lightgray;font-size:150%;">30Zn</div>Seng</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zinc_fragment_sublimed_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Zinc_fragment_sublimed_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/220px-Zinc_fragment_sublimed_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Zinc_fragment_sublimed_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/330px-Zinc_fragment_sublimed_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Zinc_fragment_sublimed_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/440px-Zinc_fragment_sublimed_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5135" data-file-height="3138" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Fragmen kristal dan kubus seng 1 cm3</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background:black"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zinc_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Zinc_spectrum_visible.png/220px-Zinc_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Zinc_spectrum_visible.png/330px-Zinc_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Zinc_spectrum_visible.png/440px-Zinc_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a> </div><div class="infobox-caption">Garis spektrum seng</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat umum</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Pengucapan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin: 0; text-align: left;"><ul><li style="margin: 0; text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">/séng/<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li><li style="margin: 0; text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">/sèng/</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Penampilan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">abu-abu perak</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r27002510" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Seng dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:185px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Media:Electron_shell_030_Zinc.svg" title="Media:Electron shell 030 Zinc.svg"><img alt="Perbesar gambar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Electron_shell_030_Zinc.svg/50px-Electron_shell_030_Zinc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Electron_shell_030_Zinc.svg/75px-Electron_shell_030_Zinc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Electron_shell_030_Zinc.svg/100px-Electron_shell_030_Zinc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:140px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"> 30Zn</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">Hidrogen</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Berilium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">Karbon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">Oksigen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Silikon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">Fosfor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clor (halaman belum tersedia)">Clor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potasium" class="mw-redirect" title="Potasium">Potasium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Kalsium</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Skandium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium">Chromium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mangan</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Besi</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Nikel</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Tembaga</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seng</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">Arsen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selen (halaman belum tersedia)">Selen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Bromin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kripton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver">Silver</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium">Caesium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium">Cerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold">Gold</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium">Thallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead">Lead</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium">Moscovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;">– ↑ Zn ↓ <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a> ← seng → <a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">galium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Templat:Navbox_unsur_diperbesar" title="Templat:Navbox unsur diperbesar">Lihat bagan navigasi yang diperbesar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">Nomor atom</a> (Z)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">30</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Golongan_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golongan (tabel periodik)">Golongan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">golongan 12</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">Periode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)#Periode_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">periode 4</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok (tabel periodik)">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Blok-d" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-d">blok-d</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nama_kategori_unsur_kimia#Kategori" title="Nama kategori unsur kimia">Kategori unsur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">  <a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">logam transisi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Berat_atom_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom standar">Berat atom standar</a> (Ar)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>65,38±0,02</li><li>65,38±0,02 (diringkas)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">Konfigurasi elektron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">[<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>] 3d10 4s2 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kelopak_elektron" title="Kelopak elektron">Elektron per kelopak</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2, 8, 18, 2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat fisik</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">Fase</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar">STS</a> (0 °C dan 101,325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(satuan)" title="Pascal (satuan)">kPa</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Padat" title="Padat">padat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">Titik lebur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">692,68 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (419,53 °C, 787,15 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik didih</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">1180 K (907 °C, 1665 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Kepadatan</a> mendekati <a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">s.k.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7,14 g/cm3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">saat cair, pada <abbr title="titik lebur">t.l.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">6,57 g/cm3 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kalor_peleburan" title="Kalor peleburan">Kalor peleburan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7,32 <a href="/wiki/Joule_per_mol" title="Joule per mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Entalpi_penguapan" title="Entalpi penguapan">Kalor penguapan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">115 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kapasitas_kalor" title="Kapasitas kalor">Kapasitas kalor molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">25,470 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_uap" title="Tekanan uap">Tekanan uap</a><div style="margin:0 auto;"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Suhu (Pascal)">P</abbr> (Pa) </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>pada <abbr title="Suhu (Kelvin)">T</abbr> (K) </th> <td>610 </td> <td>670 </td> <td>750 </td> <td>852 </td> <td>990 </td> <td>1179 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sifat atom</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">Bilangan oksidasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">−2, 0, +1, +2 (oksida <a href="/wiki/Amfoterisme" title="Amfoterisme">amfoter</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">Elektronegativitas</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">Skala Pauling: 1,65 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi" title="Energi ionisasi">Energi ionisasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">ke-1: 906,4 kJ/mol ke-2: 1733,3 kJ/mol ke-3: 3833 kJ/mol (<a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi_molar#seng" title="Energi ionisasi molar">artikel</a>) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_atom" title="Jari-jari atom">Jari-jari atom</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">empiris: 134 <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_kovalen" title="Jari-jari kovalen">Jari-jari kovalen</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">122±4 pm </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_van_der_Waals" title="Jari-jari van der Waals">Jari-jari van der Waals</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">139 pm </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Lain-lain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Kelimpahan alami</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Nuklida_primordial" title="Nuklida primordial">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">Struktur kristal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susunan_padat_bola_serupa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susunan padat bola serupa (halaman belum tersedia)">susunan padat heksagon</a> (hcp)<div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hexagonal_close_packed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Struktur kristal Hexagonal close packed untuk seng" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/60px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/120px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="307" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan suara">Kecepatan suara</a> batang ringan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">3850 m/s (pada <abbr title="suhu kamar">s.k.</abbr>) (di-roll)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Pemuaian" title="Pemuaian">Ekspansi kalor</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">30,2 µm/(m·K) (suhu 25 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">Konduktivitas termal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">116 W/(m·K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Resistivitas_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistivitas listrik">Resistivitas listrik</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">59,0 nΩ·m (suhu 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">Arah magnet</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Diamagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamagnetik">diamagnetik</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Suseptibilitas_magnetik" title="Suseptibilitas magnetik">Suseptibilitas magnetik molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">−11,4×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_Young" title="Modulus Young">Modulus Young</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">108 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_geser" title="Modulus geser">Modulus Shear</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">43 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_kompresi" title="Modulus kompresi">Modulus curah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">70 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Rasio_Poisson" title="Rasio Poisson">Rasio Poisson</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,25 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Skala_Mohs" title="Skala Mohs">Skala Mohs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2,5 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Uji_kekerasan_Brinell" title="Uji kekerasan Brinell">Skala Brinell</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">327–412 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_CAS" title="Nomor CAS">Nomor CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7440-66-6 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0">Sejarah</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">Penemuan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_metalurgi_di_anak_benua_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah metalurgi di anak benua India (halaman belum tersedia)">ahli metalurgi India</a> (sebelum <a href="/wiki/1000-an_SM" class="mw-redirect" title="1000-an SM">1000 SM</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Isolasi pertama</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf" title="Andreas Sigismund Marggraf">Andreas S. Marggraf</a> (1746)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Diketahui sebagai logam unik oleh</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasaratna_Samuchaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasaratna Samuchaya (halaman belum tersedia)">R. Samuccaya</a> (1300)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_seng" title="Isotop seng">Isotop seng</a> yang utama</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan alami">Kelimpahan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">Waktu paruh</a> (t1/2) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Mode peluruhan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Produk</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">64Zn </th> <td style="text-align:right">49,2% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">65Zn </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Radioisotop_sintetis" title="Radioisotop sintetis">sintetis</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">244 hri </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_elektron" class="mw-redirect" title="Penangkapan elektron">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga-65" class="mw-redirect" title="Tembaga-65">65Cu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama">γ</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">66Zn </th> <td style="text-align:right">27,7% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">67Zn </th> <td style="text-align:right">4,0% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">68Zn </th> <td style="text-align:right">18,5% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">69Zn </th> <td style="text-align:center;">sintetis </td> <td style="text-align:right;">56 mnt </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Galium-69" class="mw-redirect" title="Galium-69">69Ga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">69<a href="/wiki/Isomer_nuklir" title="Isomer nuklir">m</a>Zn </th> <td style="text-align:center;">sintetis </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,8 jam </td> <td>β− </td> <td style="text-align:right;">69Ga </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">70Zn </th> <td style="text-align:right">0,6% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">71Zn </th> <td style="text-align:center;">sintetis </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,4 mnt </td> <td>β− </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Galium-71" class="mw-redirect" title="Galium-71">71Ga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">71mZn </th> <td style="text-align:center;">sintetis </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 hri </td> <td>β− </td> <td style="text-align:right;">71Ga </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">72Zn </th> <td style="text-align:center;">sintetis </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46,5 jam </td> <td>β− </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Galium-72" class="mw-redirect" title="Galium-72">72Ga</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top:1px dotted #ffc0c0; line-height:0.7"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_seng" title="Templat:Kotak info seng">lihat</a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_seng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info seng (halaman belum tersedia)">bicara</a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kotak_info_seng&action=edit">sunting</a></li></ul></div>| <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" class="extiw" title="en:List of data references for chemical elements">referensi</a> | <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758" class="extiw" title="d:Q758">di Wikidata</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Seng, (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: zinc, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>: zincum) adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Lambang_unsur" title="Lambang unsur">lambang</a> Zn dan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">nomor atom</a> 30. Seng adalah logam yang sedikit rapuh pada <a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">suhu kamar</a> dan memiliki penampilan keabu-abuan keperakan ketika oksidasi dihilangkan. Ia merupakan unsur pertama dalam <a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">golongan 12 (IIB)</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a>. Dalam beberapa hal, seng secara kimiawi mirip dengan <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>: kedua unsur ini hanya menunjukkan satu <a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">bilangan oksidasi</a> normal (+2), dan <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a> Zn2+ dan Mg2+ memiliki ukuran yang sama.<a href="#cite_note-3">[catatan 1]</a> Seng merupakan <a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_unsur_di_kerak_Bumi" title="Kelimpahan unsur di kerak Bumi">unsur paling melimpah ke-24 di kerak Bumi</a> dan memiliki lima <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> stabil. <a href="/wiki/Bijih" title="Bijih">Bijih</a> seng yang paling umum adalah <a href="/wiki/Sfalerit" title="Sfalerit">sfalerit</a> (seng campuran), sebuah mineral <a href="/wiki/Seng_sulfida" title="Seng sulfida">seng sulfida</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lode (halaman belum tersedia)">Lode</a> terbesar yang bisa diterapkan berada di Australia, Asia, dan Amerika Serikat. Seng dimurnikan melalui <a href="/wiki/Pengapungan" title="Pengapungan">pengapungan</a> buih <a href="/wiki/Bijih" title="Bijih">bijih</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemanggangan_(metalurgi)" title="Pemanggangan (metalurgi)">pemanggangan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Metalurgi_ekstraktif" title="Metalurgi ekstraktif">ekstraksi</a> akhir menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Listrik" title="Listrik">listrik</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengekstraksian_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengekstraksian listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">pengekstraksian listrik</a>). <a href="/wiki/Kuningan" title="Kuningan">Kuningan</a>, sebuah <a href="/wiki/Logam_paduan" title="Logam paduan">paduan</a> <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a> dan seng dalam berbagai proporsi, digunakan sejak milenium ketiga SM di wilayah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laut_Aegean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laut Aegean (halaman belum tersedia)">Aegean</a> dan wilayah yang saat ini meliputi <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Uni Emirat Arab">Uni Emirat Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" title="Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>. Pada milenium kedua SM, ia digunakan di wilayah yang saat ini termasuk <a href="/wiki/India_Barat" class="mw-redirect" title="India Barat">India Barat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a>, Irak, dan <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1201-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-jas5-6">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">Logam</a> seng tidak diproduksi dalam skala besar sampai abad ke-12 di India, meskipun diketahui oleh orang Romawi dan Yunani kuno.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> Tambang <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> telah memberikan bukti pasti produksi seng sejak abad ke-6 SM.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> Sampai saat ini, bukti tertua seng murni berasal dari Zawar, di Rajasthan, pada awal abad ke-9 M ketika proses penyulingan digunakan untuk membuat seng murni.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> Para <a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">alkemis</a> membakar seng di udara untuk membentuk apa yang mereka sebut "<a href="/wiki/Seng_oksida" title="Seng oksida">wol filsuf</a>" atau "salju putih". Unsur ini mungkin dinamai oleh alkemis <a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a> dari kata bahasa Jerman Zinke (cabang, gigi). Kimiawan Jerman <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf" title="Andreas Sigismund Marggraf">Andreas Sigismund Marggraf</a> dikreditkan dengan menemukan seng logam murni pada tahun 1746. Karya <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galvani" title="Luigi Galvani">Luigi Galvani</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a> menemukan sifat elektrokimia seng pada tahun 1800. <a href="/wiki/Galvanisasi" title="Galvanisasi">Pelapisan seng</a> tahan <a href="/wiki/Korosi" title="Korosi">korosi</a> dari besi (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Galvanisasi_celup_panas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galvanisasi celup panas (halaman belum tersedia)">galvanisasi celup panas</a>) merupakan aplikasi utama untuk seng. Aplikasi lainnya ialah dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_seng%E2%80%93karbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai seng–karbon (halaman belum tersedia)">baterai</a> listrik, coran nonstruktural kecil, dan paduan seperti <a href="/wiki/Kuningan" title="Kuningan">kuningan</a>. Berbagai senyawa seng yang umum digunakan, seperti <a href="/wiki/Seng_karbonat" class="mw-redirect" title="Seng karbonat">seng karbonat</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_glukonat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng glukonat (halaman belum tersedia)">seng glukonat</a> (sebagai suplemen makanan), <a href="/wiki/Seng_klorida" title="Seng klorida">seng klorida</a> (dalam deodoran), <a href="/wiki/Seng_pirition" title="Seng pirition">seng pirition</a> (sampo anti <a href="/wiki/Ketombe" title="Ketombe">ketombe</a>), <a href="/wiki/Seng_sulfida" title="Seng sulfida">seng sulfida</a> (dalam cat luminesen), dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimetilseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimetilseng (halaman belum tersedia)">dimetilseng</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietilseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietilseng (halaman belum tersedia)">dietilseng</a> dalam laboratorium organik. Seng merupakan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Zat_gizi_mikro" title="Zat gizi mikro">mineral penting</a>, yang diperlukan untuk perkembangan pranatal dan pascanatal.<a href="#cite_note-Hambridge2007-10">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kekurangan_seng" title="Kekurangan seng">Kekurangan seng</a> mempengaruhi sekitar dua miliar orang di negara berkembang dan berhubungan dengan banyak penyakit.<a href="#cite_note-Prasad2003-11">[10]</a> Pada anak-anak, defisiensi menyebabkan retardasi pertumbuhan, keterlambatan pematangan seksual, kerentanan infeksi, dan <a href="/wiki/Diare" title="Diare">diare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hambridge2007-10">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">Enzim</a> dengan atom seng di <a href="/wiki/Kofaktor_(biokimia)" title="Kofaktor (biokimia)">pusat reaktif</a> tersebar luas dalam biokimia, seperti <a href="/wiki/Alkohol_dehidrogenase" title="Alkohol dehidrogenase">alkohol dehidrogenase</a> pada manusia.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> Konsumsi seng berlebih dapat menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Ataksia" title="Ataksia">ataksia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letargi" title="Letargi">letargi</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekurangan_tembaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekurangan tembaga (halaman belum tersedia)">kekurangan tembaga</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristik">Karakteristik</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Karakteristik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karakteristik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sifat_fisik">Sifat fisik</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat fisik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat fisik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Seng adalah logam <a href="/wiki/Diamagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamagnetik">diamagnetik</a> berwarna putih kebiruan dan berkilau,<a href="#cite_note-CRCp4-41-13">[12]</a> meskipun nilai komersial yang paling umum dari logam ini memiliki hasil akhir yang kusam.<a href="#cite_note-Heiserman1992p123-14">[13]</a> Ia agak kurang padat daripada <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a> dan memiliki <a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">struktur kristal</a> heksagon, dengan bentuk <a href="/wiki/Tetal-rapat_sferis_sama" title="Tetal-rapat sferis sama">susunan padat heksagon</a> terdistorsi, di mana setiap atom memiliki enam tetangga terdekat (pada jarak 265,9 pm) di bidangnya sendiri dan enam lainnya pada jarak yang lebih jauh (290,6 pm).<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Logam ini keras dan rapuh pada sebagian besar suhu tetapi menjadi lunak antara suhu 100 hingga 150 °C.<a href="#cite_note-CRCp4-41-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heiserman1992p123-14">[13]</a> Di atas suhu 210 °C, logam ini menjadi rapuh lagi dan dapat dihancurkan dengan cara dipukul.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> Seng adalah <a href="/wiki/Resistivitas_dan_konduktivitas_listrik" title="Resistivitas dan konduktivitas listrik">konduktor listrik</a> yang wajar.<a href="#cite_note-CRCp4-41-13">[12]</a> Untuk sebuah logam, seng memiliki titik lebur dan titik didih yang relatif rendah (419,5 °C dan 907 °C).<a href="#cite_note-ZincMetalProps-17">[16]</a> Titik leburnya menjadi yang paling rendah dari semua logam <a href="/wiki/Blok-d" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-d">blok-d</a> lainnya selain <a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">raksa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">kadmium</a>; untuk alasan ini di antara beberapa alasan lainnya, seng, kadmium, dan raksa sering tidak dianggap sebagai <a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">logam transisi</a> seperti logam blok-d lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-ZincMetalProps-17">[16]</a> Banyak <a href="/wiki/Logam_paduan" title="Logam paduan">paduan</a> mengandung seng, termasuk kuningan. Logam lain yang telah lama diketahui membentuk paduan biner dengan seng adalah <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">bismut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">raksa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">perak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">timah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">kobalt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">nikel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium">telurium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> Meskipun baik seng maupun <a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">zirkonium</a> tidak bersifat <a href="/wiki/Feromagnetisme" title="Feromagnetisme">feromagnetik</a>, paduan mereka, ZrZn2, menunjukkan feromagnetisme di bawah suhu 35 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRCp4-41-13">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keterjadian">Keterjadian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Keterjadian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keterjadian">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Mineral_seng" title="Kategori:Mineral seng">Mineral seng</a></div> Seng membentuk sekitar 75 <a href="/wiki/Bagian_per_juta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagian per juta">ppm</a> (0,0075%) dari <a href="/wiki/Kerak_Bumi" title="Kerak Bumi">kerak Bumi</a>, menjadikannya unsur paling melimpah ke-24. Konsentrasi latar belakang seng yang khas tidak melebihi 1 μg/m3 di atmosfer; 300 mg/kg dalam tanah; 100 mg/kg dalam vegetasi; 20 μg/L di air tawar dan 5 μg/L di air laut.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Unsur ini biasanya ditemukan dalam hubungan dengan <a href="/wiki/Logam_dasar" title="Logam dasar">logam dasar</a> lainnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Bijih" title="Bijih">bijih</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lehto1968p822-20">[19]</a> Seng merupakan <a href="/wiki/Klasifikasi_Goldschmidt#Unsur_kalkofil" title="Klasifikasi Goldschmidt">unsur kalkofil</a>, artinya unsur ini lebih mungkin ditemukan dalam mineral bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">belerang</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">kalkogen</a> berat lainnya, daripada dengan kalkogen ringan <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> atau dengan unsur elektronegatif nonkalkogen seperti <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sulfida" title="Sulfida">Sulfida</a> terbentuk sebagai kerak yang memadat di bawah kondisi <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">reduksi</a> atmosfer Bumi awal.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1202-21">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sfalerit" title="Sfalerit">Sfalerit</a>, yang merupakan bentuk seng sulfida, adalah bijih yang mengandung seng yang paling banyak ditambang karena konsentratnya mengandung 60–62% seng.<a href="#cite_note-Lehto1968p822-20">[19]</a> Sumber mineral lain untuk seng termasuk <a href="/wiki/Smithsonit" title="Smithsonit">smithsonit</a> (seng <a href="/wiki/Karbonat" title="Karbonat">karbonat</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemimorfit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemimorfit (halaman belum tersedia)">hemimorfit</a> (seng <a href="/wiki/Silikat" title="Silikat">silikat</a>), <a href="/wiki/Wurtzit" title="Wurtzit">wurtzit</a> (seng sulfida lain), dan kadang-kadang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrozinkit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrozinkit (halaman belum tersedia)">hidrozinkit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seng_karbonat" class="mw-redirect" title="Seng karbonat">seng karbonat</a> dasar).<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p502-22">[21]</a> Dengan pengecualian wurtzit, semua mineral lain ini dibentuk oleh pelapukan seng sulfida yang primordial.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1202-21">[20]</a> Sumber daya seng dunia yang teridentifikasi berjumlah sekitar 1,9–2,8 miliar <a href="/wiki/Ton_metrik" title="Ton metrik">ton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USGSMCS2015-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Deposito besar berada di Australia, Kanada dan Amerika Serikat, dengan cadangan terbesar berada di <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1202-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Perkiraan terbaru dari basis cadangan untuk seng (memenuhi kriteria fisik minimum yang ditentukan terkait dengan penambangan dan praktik produksi saat ini) dibuat pada tahun 2009 dan dihitung menjadi sekitar 480 Mt.<a href="#cite_note-USGSMCS2009-27">[26]</a> Di sisi lain, cadangan seng merupakan badan bijih yang diidentifikasi secara geologis yang kesesuaiannya untuk pemulihan berdasarkan ekonomi (lokasi, kadar, kualitas, dan kuantitas) pada saat penentuan. Karena eksplorasi dan pengembangan tambang merupakan proses yang berkelanjutan, jumlah cadangan seng bukanlah jumlah yang tetap dan keberlanjutan pasokan bijih seng tidak dapat dinilai hanya dengan mengekstrapolasi umur tambang gabungan dari tambang seng saat ini. Konsep ini didukung dengan baik oleh data dari Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat (USGS), yang menggambarkan bahwa meskipun produksi seng olahan meningkat 80% antara tahun 1990 dan 2010, masa pakai cadangan untuk seng tetap tidak berubah. Sekitar 346 juta ton seng telah diekstraksi sepanjang sejarah hingga tahun 2002, dan para ahli memperkirakan bahwa sekitar 109–305 juta ton seng telah digunakan.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sphalerite4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sebuah benjolan padatan hitam mengkilat dengan permukaan tidak rata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sphalerite4.jpg/250px-Sphalerite4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sphalerite4.jpg/330px-Sphalerite4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Sphalerite4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sfalerit" title="Sfalerit">Sfalerit</a> (ZnS)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotop">Isotop</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Isotop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Isotop">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Isotop_seng" title="Isotop seng">Isotop seng</a></div> Lima <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> stabil seng terdapat di alam, dengan 64Zn menjadi isotop yang paling melimpah (49,17% <a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami_unsur" title="Kelimpahan alami unsur">kelimpahan alami</a>).<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2016-32">[31]</a> Isotop lain yang ditemukan di alam adalah 66Zn (27,73%), 67Zn (4,04%), 68Zn (18,45%), dan 70Zn (0,61%).<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2016-32">[31]</a> Beberapa lusin <a href="/wiki/Radionuklida" title="Radionuklida">radioisotop</a> telah dikarakterisasi. 65Zn, yang memiliki waktu paruh 243,66 hari, adalah radioisotop yang paling tidak aktif, diikuti oleh 72Zn dengan waktu paruh 46,5 jam.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-31">[30]</a> Seng memiliki 10 <a href="/wiki/Isomer_nuklir" title="Isomer nuklir">isomer nuklir</a>. 69mZn memiliki waktu paruh terpanjang, 13,76 jam.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-31">[30]</a> Superskrip m menunjukkan bahwa ia merupakan isotop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metastabilitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metastabilitas (halaman belum tersedia)">metastabil</a>. Inti isotop metastabil berada dalam <a href="/wiki/Eksitasi" title="Eksitasi">keadaan tereksitasi</a> dan akan kembali ke <a href="/wiki/Keadaan_dasar" title="Keadaan dasar">keadaan dasar</a> dengan memancarkan <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">foton</a> dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama">sinar gama</a>. 61Zn memiliki tiga keadaan metastabil tereksitasi dan 73Zn memiliki dua.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> Isotop 65Zn, 71Zn, 77Zn dan 78Zn masing-masing hanya memiliki satu keadaan metastabil tereksitasi.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-31">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Mode peluruhan</a> yang paling umum dari radioisotop seng dengan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_massa" title="Nomor massa">nomor massa</a> lebih rendah dari 66 adalah <a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_elektron" class="mw-redirect" title="Penangkapan elektron">penangkapan elektron</a>. <a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Produk peluruhan</a> yang dihasilkan dari penangkapan elektron adalah <a href="/wiki/Isotop_tembaga" title="Isotop tembaga">isotop tembaga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-31">[30]</a> <dl><dd>n 30Zn + <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">e−</a> → n 29Cu</dd></dl> Mode peluruhan yang paling umum dari radioisotop seng dengan nomor massa lebih tinggi dari 66 adalah <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">peluruhan beta</a> (β−), yang menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Isotop_galium" title="Isotop galium">isotop galium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NNDC-31">[30]</a> <dl><dd>n 30Zn → n 31Ga + <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">e−</a> + <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_elektron#Antineutrino_elektron" title="Neutrino elektron">νe</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senyawa_dan_sifat_kimia">Senyawa dan sifat kimia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa dan sifat kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa dan sifat kimia">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reaktivitas">Reaktivitas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Reaktivitas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Reaktivitas">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Reduksi_Clemmensen" title="Reduksi Clemmensen">Reduksi Clemmensen</a></div> Seng memiliki <a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">konfigurasi elektron</a> [Ar]3d104s2 dan merupakan anggota <a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">golongan 12</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a>. Ia merupakan logam yang cukup reaktif dan <a href="/wiki/Reduktor" title="Reduktor">zat pereduksi</a> yang kuat.<a href="#cite_note-CRC2006p8-29-34">[33]</a> Permukaan seng murni cepat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noda_(kimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noda (kimia) (halaman belum tersedia)">ternoda</a>, dan akhirnya membentuk lapisan <a href="/wiki/Pasivasi_(kimia)" title="Pasivasi (kimia)">pasivasi</a> pelindung dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrozinkit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrozinkit (halaman belum tersedia)">seng karbonat</a> dasar, Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2, melalui reaksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> atmosfer.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Seng terbakar di udara dengan nyala hijau kebiruan terang, mengeluarkan asap <a href="/wiki/Seng_oksida" title="Seng oksida">seng oksida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Holl-36">[35]</a> Seng mudah bereaksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Asam" title="Asam">asam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali">alkali</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Nonlogam" title="Nonlogam">nonlogam</a> lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> Seng yang sangat murni hanya bereaksi lambat pada <a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">suhu kamar</a> dengan asam.<a href="#cite_note-Holl-36">[35]</a> Asam kuat, seperti <a href="/wiki/Asam_klorida" title="Asam klorida">asam klorida</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">sulfat</a>, dapat menghilangkan lapisan pasivasi dan reaksi selanjutnya dengan kedua asam tersebut melepaskan gas hidrogen.<a href="#cite_note-Holl-36">[35]</a> Sifat kimia seng didominasi oleh bilangan oksidasi +2. Ketika senyawa dalam bilangan oksidasi ini terbentuk, <a href="/wiki/Kelopak_elektron" title="Kelopak elektron">kulit</a> terluar elektron s hilang, menghasilkan ion seng telanjang dengan konfigurasi elektron [Ar]3d10.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Dalam larutan berair kompleks oktahedron, [Zn(H2O)6]2+ merupakan spesies yang dominan.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volatilisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volatilisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Volatilisasi</a> seng dalam kombinasi dengan seng klorida pada suhu di atas 285 °C menunjukkan pembentukan Zn2Cl2, senyawa seng dengan bilangan oksidasi +1.<a href="#cite_note-Holl-36">[35]</a> Tidak ada senyawa seng dalam bilangan oksidasi positif selain +1 atau +2 yang diketahui.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> Perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa senyawa seng dengan bilangan oksidasi +4 tidak mungkin ada.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Zn(III) diperkirakan ada dengan adanya trianion elektronegatif kuat;<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> namun, ada beberapa keraguan seputar kemungkinan ini.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Tetapi pada tahun 2021, senyawa lain telah dilaporkan dengan lebih banyak bukti yang memiliki bilangan oksidasi +3 dengan rumus ZnBeB11(CN)12.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> Sifat kimia seng mirip dengan sifat kimia <a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">logam transisi</a> baris pertama akhir, <a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">nikel</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a>, meskipun ia memiliki kulit-d yang terisi dan senyawanya bersifat <a href="/wiki/Diamagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamagnetik">diamagnetik</a> serta sebagian besar tidak berwarna.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1206-45">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_ion" title="Jari-jari ion">Jari-jari ionik</a> seng dan <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> kebetulan hampir identik. Karena itu beberapa garam ekuivalen memiliki <a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">struktur kristal</a> yang sama,<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> dan dalam keadaan lain di mana jari-jari ionik merupakan faktor penentu, sifat kimia seng memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan magnesium.<a href="#cite_note-Holl-36">[35]</a> Dalam hal lain, ada sedikit kesamaan dengan logam transisi baris pertama akhir. Seng cenderung membentuk ikatan dengan tingkat <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen" title="Ikatan kovalen">kovalensi</a> yang lebih besar dan <a href="/wiki/Kompleks_koordinasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kompleks koordinasi">kompleks</a> yang jauh lebih stabil dengan donor -<a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> dan -<a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">S</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1206-45">[44]</a> Kompleks seng sebagian besar memiliki <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen_koordinasi" title="Ikatan kovalen koordinasi">koordinasi</a> -4 atau -6, meskipun kompleks koordinasi-5 juga telah diketahui.<a href="#cite_note-Holl-36">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senyawa_seng(I)">Senyawa seng(I)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa seng(I)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa seng(I)">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Senyawa seng(I) sangatlah jarang. Ion [Zn2]2+ terlibat dalam pembentukan kaca diamagnetik kuning dengan melarutkan seng logam dalam ZnCl2 cair.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Inti [Zn2]2+ akan analog dengan kation [Hg2]2+ yang ada dalam senyawa <a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">raksa</a>(I). Sifat <a href="/wiki/Diamagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamagnetik">diamagnetik</a> ion ini menegaskan struktur dimernya. Senyawa seng(I) pertama yang mengandung ikatan Zn–Zn, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekametildizinkosena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekametildizinkosena (halaman belum tersedia)">(η5-C5Me5)2Zn2</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senyawa_seng(II)">Senyawa seng(II)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa seng(II)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa seng(II)">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zinc_acetate.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lembaran seng asetat yang dibentuk oleh penguapan lambat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Zinc_acetate.JPG/220px-Zinc_acetate.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Zinc_acetate.JPG/330px-Zinc_acetate.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Zinc_acetate.JPG/440px-Zinc_acetate.JPG 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Seng asetat</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zinc_chloride.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bubuk gumpalan putih di piring kaca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Zinc_chloride.jpg/220px-Zinc_chloride.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Zinc_chloride.jpg/330px-Zinc_chloride.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Zinc_chloride.jpg/440px-Zinc_chloride.jpg 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>Seng klorida</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_biner" title="Senyawa biner">Senyawa biner</a> seng dikenal untuk sebagian besar <a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">metaloid</a> dan semua <a href="/wiki/Nonlogam" title="Nonlogam">nonlogam</a> kecuali <a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">gas mulia</a>. Seng oksida <a href="/wiki/Seng_oksida" title="Seng oksida">ZnO</a> adalah bubuk putih yang hampir tidak larut dalam larutan berair netral, tetapi bersifat <a href="/wiki/Amfoterisme" title="Amfoterisme">amfoter</a>, larut dalam larutan basa kuat dan asam.<a href="#cite_note-Holl-36">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">Kalkogenida</a> seng lainnya (<a href="/wiki/Seng_sulfida" title="Seng sulfida">ZnS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_selenida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng selenida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnSe</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_telurida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng telurida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnTe</a>) memiliki aplikasi yang bervariasi dalam elektronika dan optika.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> Seng <a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">pniktogenida</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_nitrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng nitrida (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn3N2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_fosfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng fosfida (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn3P2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_arsenida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng arsenida (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn3As2</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_antimonida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng antimonida (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn3Sb2</a>),<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> seng peroksida (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_peroksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng peroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnO2</a>), seng hidrida (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_hidrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng hidrida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnH2</a>), dan seng karbida (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_karbida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng karbida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnC2</a>) juga telah diketahui.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> Dari keempat <a href="/wiki/Halida" title="Halida">halida</a> seng, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_fluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnF2</a> memiliki sifat ionik paling besar, sedangkan yang lainnya (<a href="/wiki/Seng_klorida" title="Seng klorida">ZnCl2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seng_bromida" title="Seng bromida">ZnBr2</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_iodida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng iodida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnI2</a>) memiliki titik lebur yang relatif rendah dan dianggap lebih bersifat kovalen.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1211-52">[51]</a> Dalam larutan basa lemah yang mengandung ion Zn2+, seng hidroksida (<a href="/wiki/Seng_hidroksida" title="Seng hidroksida">Zn(OH)2</a>) terbentuk sebagai <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_pengendapan" title="Reaksi pengendapan">endapan</a> putih. Dalam larutan alkali yang lebih kuat, hidroksida ini dilarutkan untuk membentuk zinkat (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zinkat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zinkat (halaman belum tersedia)">[Zn(OH)4]2−</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Holl-36">[35]</a> Seng nitrat (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_nitrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng nitrat (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn(NO3)2</a>), seng klorat (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_klorat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng klorat (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn(ClO3)2</a>), seng sulfat (<a href="/wiki/Seng_sulfat" title="Seng sulfat">ZnSO4</a>), seng fosfat (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_fosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng fosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn3(PO4)2</a>), seng molibdat (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_molibdat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng molibdat (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnMoO4</a>), seng sianida (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_sianida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng sianida (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn(CN)2</a>), seng arsenit (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_arsenit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng arsenit (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn(AsO2)2</a>), seng arsenat (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_arsenat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng arsenat (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn(AsO4)2·8H2O</a>), dan seng kromat (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_kromat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng kromat (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnCrO4</a>) (salah satu dari sedikit senyawa seng berwarna) merupakan beberapa contoh senyawa anorganik umum lainnya dari seng.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-perry-54">[53]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senyawa_organoseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senyawa organoseng (halaman belum tersedia)">Senyawa organoseng</a> merupakan senyawa yang mengandung ikatan kovalen seng–karbon. Dietilseng (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietilseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietilseng (halaman belum tersedia)">(C2H5)2Zn</a>) merupakan sebuah reagen dalam kimia sintetis. Ia pertama kali dilaporkan pada tahun 1848 dari reaksi seng dan <a href="/wiki/Etil_iodida" title="Etil iodida">etil iodida</a>, dan merupakan senyawa pertama yang diketahui mengandung <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_sigma" title="Ikatan sigma">ikatan sigma</a> logam–karbon.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tes_untuk_seng">Tes untuk seng</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Tes untuk seng" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tes untuk seng">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kertas Kobaltisianida (tes Rinnmann untuk Zn) dapat digunakan sebagai indikator kimia untuk seng. 4 gram K3Co(CN)6 dan 1 gram KClO3 dilarutkan dalam 100 ml air. Kertas dicelupkan ke dalam larutan dan dikeringkan pada suhu 100 °C. Satu tetes sampel diteteskan ke atas kertas kering dan dipanaskan. Cakram hijau menunjukkan adanya seng.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penggunaan_kuno">Penggunaan kuno</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan kuno" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan kuno">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Charaka_Samhita" title="Charaka Samhita">Charaka Samhita</a>, diperkirakan ditulis antara tahun 300 dan 500 M,<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> menyebutkan sebuah logam yang, ketika dioksidasi, menghasilkan pushpanjan, yang dianggap sebagai seng oksida.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Tambang seng di Zawar, dekat <a href="/wiki/Udaipur" title="Udaipur">Udaipur</a> di India, telah aktif sejak <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Maurya" title="Kekaisaran Maurya">periode Maurya</a> (sekitar 322 dan 187 SM). Peleburan seng logam di sini, bagaimanapun, tampaknya telah dimulai sekitar abad ke-12 M.<a href="#cite_note-ammraja-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Craddock-60">[59]</a> Satu perkiraan adalah bahwa lokasi ini menghasilkan sekitar satu juta ton seng logam dan seng oksida dari abad ke-12 hingga ke-16.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p502-22">[21]</a> Perkiraan lain memberikan total produksi 60.000 ton seng logam selama periode ini.<a href="#cite_note-ammraja-59">[58]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasaratna_Samuccaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasaratna Samuccaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Rasaratna Samuccaya</a>, yang ditulis sekitar abad ke-13 M, menyebutkan dua jenis bijih yang mengandung seng: satu digunakan untuk ekstraksi logam dan lainnya digunakan untuk tujuan pengobatan.<a href="#cite_note-Craddock-60">[59]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hemmoorer_Eimer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ember besar berbentuk mangkuk hitam di atas dudukan. Ember ini memiliki kerak di sekitar puncaknya." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Hemmoorer_Eimer.jpg/170px-Hemmoorer_Eimer.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Hemmoorer_Eimer.jpg/255px-Hemmoorer_Eimer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Hemmoorer_Eimer.jpg/340px-Hemmoorer_Eimer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>Ember kuningan Romawi akhir – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemmoor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemmoor (halaman belum tersedia)">Hemmoorer</a> Eimer dari Warstade, Jerman, abad ke-2 hingga ke-3 M</figcaption></figure> Berbagai contoh terisolasi dari penggunaan seng tidak murni di zaman kuno telah ditemukan. Bijih seng digunakan untuk membuat <a href="/wiki/Kuningan" title="Kuningan">kuningan</a> paduan seng–tembaga ribuan tahun sebelum penemuan seng sebagai unsur terpisah. Kuningan Yudea dari abad ke-14 hingga ke-10 SM mengandung 23% seng.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1201-5">[4]</a> Pengetahuan mengenai cara memproduksi kuningan menyebar ke <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" title="Yunani Kuno">Yunani Kuno</a> pada abad ke-7 SM, tetapi hanya sedikit varietas yang dibuat.<a href="#cite_note-jas5-6">[5]</a> Ornamen yang terbuat dari <a href="/wiki/Logam_paduan" title="Logam paduan">paduan</a> yang mengandung 80–90% seng, dengan <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">antimon</a>, dan logam lain yang menyusun sisanya, telah ditemukan berusia 2.500 tahun.<a href="#cite_note-Lehto1968p822-20">[19]</a> Sebuah patung prasejarah yang mungkin mengandung 87,5% seng ditemukan di situs arkeologi <a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Weeks1933p20-61">[60]</a> Pil tertua yang diketahui terbuat dari seng karbonat, hidrozinkit, dan smithsonit. Pil-pil tersebut digunakan untuk sakit mata dan ditemukan di atas kapal Romawi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relitto_del_Pozzino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relitto del Pozzino (halaman belum tersedia)">Relitto del Pozzino</a> yang karam pada 140 SM.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> Pembuatan kuningan dikenal oleh <a href="/wiki/Romawi_Kuno" title="Romawi Kuno">orang Romawi</a> sekitar tahun 30 SM.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p501-64">[63]</a> Mereka membuat kuningan dengan memanaskan <a href="/wiki/Kalamin_(mineral)" title="Kalamin (mineral)">kalamin</a> bubuk (seng <a href="/wiki/Silikat" title="Silikat">silikat</a> atau karbonat), arang dan tembaga bersama-sama dalam wadah.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p501-64">[63]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuningan_kalamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuningan kalamin (halaman belum tersedia)">Kuningan kalamin</a> yang dihasilkan kemudian dicor atau ditempa untuk digunakan dalam persenjataan.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Beberapa koin yang dibuat oleh orang Romawi di era Kristen terbuat dari kuningan kalamin.<a href="#cite_note-Chambers1901p799-66">[65]</a> Tulisan <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> pada abad ke-1 SM (tetapi mengutip karya sejarawan abad ke-4 SM <a href="/wiki/Theopompos" title="Theopompos">Theopompos</a> yang sekarang hilang) menyebutkan "tetesan perak palsu" yang bila dicampur dengan tembaga akan menghasilkan kuningan. Ini mungkin merujuk pada sejumlah kecil seng yang merupakan produk sampingan dari peleburan bijih <a href="/wiki/Sulfida" title="Sulfida">sulfida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Seng dalam sisa-sisa seperti itu dalam oven peleburan biasanya dibuang karena dianggap tidak berharga.<a href="#cite_note-Weeks1933p21-68">[67]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tablet_seng_Bern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tablet seng Bern (halaman belum tersedia)">Tablet seng Bern</a> adalah sebuah plakat nazar yang berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Galia_Romawi" title="Galia Romawi">Galia Romawi</a> yang terbuat dari paduan yang sebagian besar adalah seng.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studi_awal_dan_penamaan">Studi awal dan penamaan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Studi awal dan penamaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Studi awal dan penamaan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Seng secara jelas diakui sebagai logam di bawah sebutan Yasada atau Jasada dalam leksikon medis yang dianggap berasal dari raja Hindu Madanapala (dari dinasti Taka) dan ditulis sekitar tahun 1374.<a href="#cite_note-Ray1903-70">[69]</a> Peleburan dan ekstraksi seng tidak murni dengan mereduksi kalamin dengan wol dan zat organik lainnya dilakukan pada abad ke-13 di India.<a href="#cite_note-CRCp4-41-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-iza-71">[70]</a> Orang Tiongkok tidak mempelajari teknik ini sampai abad ke-17.<a href="#cite_note-iza-71">[70]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zinc_symbol_(fixed_width).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Zinc_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/170px-Zinc_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Zinc_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/255px-Zinc_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Zinc_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg/340px-Zinc_symbol_%28fixed_width%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambang_alkimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambang alkimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Lambang alkimia</a> untuk unsur seng</figcaption></figure> Para <a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">alkemis</a> membakar logam seng di udara dan mengumpulkan seng oksida yang dihasilkan pada sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kondensor_(perpindahan_panas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kondensor (perpindahan panas) (halaman belum tersedia)">kondensor</a>. Beberapa alkemis menyebut seng oksida ini sebagai lana philosophica, Latin untuk "wol filsuf", karena ia dikumpulkan dalam jumbai wol, sedangkan yang lain berpikir bahwa ia tampak seperti salju putih dan menamakannya nix album.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> Nama logam ini mungkin pertama kali didokumentasikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a>, seorang alkemis Jerman kelahiran Swiss, yang menyebut logam ini sebagai "zincum" atau "zinken" dalam bukunya yang berjudul Liber Mineralium II, pada abad ke-16.<a href="#cite_note-iza-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> Kata ini mungkin berasal dari bahasa Jerman zinke, dan konon berarti "seperti gigi, runcing atau bergerigi" (kristal seng metalik memiliki penampilan seperti jarum).<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> Zink juga bisa berarti "mirip timah" karena hubungannya dengan zinn dari bahasa Jerman yang berarti timah.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> Namun, kemungkinan lain menyatakan bahwa kata tersebut berasal dari kata <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Persia" title="Bahasa Persia">Persia</a> سنگ seng yang berarti batu.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> Logam ini juga disebut timah India, tutanego, kalamin, dan spinter.<a href="#cite_note-Lehto1968p822-20">[19]</a> Ahli metalurgi Jerman <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Libavius" title="Andreas Libavius">Andreas Libavius</a> menerima sejumlah apa yang dia sebut "calay" Malabar dari sebuah kapal kargo yang ditangkap dari Portugis pada tahun 1596.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> Libavius menggambarkan sifat-sifat sampel, yang mungkin adalah seng. Seng secara teratur diimpor ke Eropa dari Timur pada abad ke-17 dan awal abad ke-18,<a href="#cite_note-iza-71">[70]</a> tetapi pada waktu itu ia kadang-kadang sangat mahal.<a href="#cite_note-78">[catatan 2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isolasi">Isolasi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Isolasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Isolasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf-flip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gambar kepala (profil) dari seorang pria tua. Pria ini memiliki wajah yang panjang, rambut pendek dan dahi yang tinggi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf-flip.jpg/170px-Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf-flip.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf-flip.jpg/255px-Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf-flip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf-flip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf" title="Andreas Sigismund Marggraf">Andreas Sigismund Marggraf</a> diberikan penghargaan untuk pertama kali mengisolasi seng murni</figcaption></figure> Seng logam diisolasi di India pada tahun 1300 M,<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> jauh lebih awal daripada di Barat. Sebelum diisolasi di Eropa, seng diimpor dari India sekitar tahun 1600 M.<a href="#cite_note-zinc-eng-82">[80]</a> Universal Dictionary <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malachy_Postlethwayt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malachy Postlethwayt (halaman belum tersedia)">Postlewayt</a>, sumber kontemporer yang memberikan informasi teknologi di Eropa, tidak menyebutkan seng sebelum tahun 1751 tetapi unsur tersebut dipelajari sebelum itu.<a href="#cite_note-Craddock-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Metalurgi" title="Metalurgi">Ahli metalurgi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">alkemis</a> Flemish <a href="/w/index.php?title=P._M._de_Respour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. M. de Respour (halaman belum tersedia)">P. M. de Respour</a> melaporkan bahwa ia telah mengekstraksi seng logam dari seng oksida pada tahun 1668.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p502-22">[21]</a> Pada awal abad ke-18, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Fran%C3%A7ois_Geoffroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne François Geoffroy (halaman belum tersedia)">Étienne François Geoffroy</a> menggambarkan bagaimana seng oksida mengembun sebagai kristal kuning pada batangan besi yang ditempatkan di atas bijih seng yang sedang dilebur.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p502-22">[21]</a> Di Britania Raya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Lane_(ahli_metalurgi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Lane (ahli metalurgi) (halaman belum tersedia)">John Lane</a> dikatakan telah melakukan eksperimen untuk melebur seng, mungkin di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landore (halaman belum tersedia)">Landore</a>, sebelum kebangkrutannya pada tahun 1726.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> Pada tahun 1738 di Britania Raya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Champion_(ahli_metalurgi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Champion (ahli metalurgi) (halaman belum tersedia)">William Champion</a> mematenkan proses untuk mengekstrak seng dari kalamin dalam peleburan gaya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retot (halaman belum tersedia)">retot</a> vertikal.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> Tekniknya mirip dengan yang digunakan di tambang seng Zawar di <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, tetapi tidak ada bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa dia mengunjungi Timur.<a href="#cite_note-zinc-eng-82">[80]</a> Proses Champion digunakan sampai tahun 1851.<a href="#cite_note-iza-71">[70]</a> Kimiawan Jerman <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Sigismund_Marggraf" title="Andreas Sigismund Marggraf">Andreas Marggraf</a> biasanya mendapat pujian karena menemukan seng logam murni, meskipun ahli kimia Swedia Anton von Swab telah menyuling seng dari kalamin empat tahun sebelumnya.<a href="#cite_note-iza-71">[70]</a> Dalam percobaannya di tahun 1746, Marggraf memanaskan campuran kalamin dan arang dalam wadah tertutup tanpa tembaga untuk mendapatkan sebuah logam.<a href="#cite_note-Weeks1933p21-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Prosedur ini menjadi praktis secara komersial pada tahun 1752.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pekerjaan_berikutnya">Pekerjaan berikutnya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Pekerjaan berikutnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pekerjaan berikutnya">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Luigi_Galvani,_oil-painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lukisan seorang pria paruh baya yang sedang duduk, mengenakan wig, jaket hitam, kemeja putih, dan syal putih." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Luigi_Galvani%2C_oil-painting.jpg/170px-Luigi_Galvani%2C_oil-painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Luigi_Galvani%2C_oil-painting.jpg/255px-Luigi_Galvani%2C_oil-painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Luigi_Galvani%2C_oil-painting.jpg/340px-Luigi_Galvani%2C_oil-painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Galvanisasi" title="Galvanisasi">Galvanisasi</a> dinamai dari <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galvani" title="Luigi Galvani">Luigi Galvani</a>.</figcaption></figure> Saudara William Champion, John, mematenkan sebuah proses pada tahun 1758 untuk <a href="/wiki/Kalsinasi" title="Kalsinasi">mengalsinasi</a> seng sulfida menjadi oksida yang dapat digunakan dalam proses retot.<a href="#cite_note-Lehto1968p822-20">[19]</a> Sebelum ini, hanya kalamin yang dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi seng. Pada tahun 1798, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Christian_Ruberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Christian Ruberg (halaman belum tersedia)">Johann Christian Ruberg</a> meningkatkan proses peleburan dengan membangun pelebur retot horizontal pertama.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Dony" title="Jean-Jacques Dony">Jean-Jacques Daniel Dony</a> membangun berbagai jenis pelebur seng horizontal di Belgia yang memproses lebih banyak seng.<a href="#cite_note-iza-71">[70]</a> Dokter Italia <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galvani" title="Luigi Galvani">Luigi Galvani</a> menemukan pada tahun 1780 bahwa menghubungkan <a href="/wiki/Sumsum_tulang_belakang" title="Sumsum tulang belakang">sumsum tulang belakang</a> katak yang baru dibedah ke rel besi yang dipasang dengan kait kuningan menyebabkan kaki katak berkedut.<a href="#cite_note-ExcelPhysics-89">[87]</a> Dia salah mengira dia telah menemukan kemampuan saraf dan otot untuk menciptakan <a href="/wiki/Listrik" title="Listrik">listrik</a> dan menyebut efek tersebut sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Biolistrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Biolistrik">listrik hewan</a>".<a href="#cite_note-IntEncyl-90">[88]</a> Sel Galvanik dan proses galvanisasi dinamai untuk Luigi Galvani, dan penemuannya membuka jalan bagi <a href="/wiki/Baterai_listrik" title="Baterai listrik">baterai listrik</a>, galvanisasi, dan <a href="/wiki/Proteksi_katodik" title="Proteksi katodik">proteksi katodik</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IntEncyl-90">[88]</a> Teman Galvani, <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a>, terus meneliti efek tadi dan menemukan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumpukan_Volta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tumpukan Volta (halaman belum tersedia)">tumpukan Volta</a> pada tahun 1800.<a href="#cite_note-ExcelPhysics-89">[87]</a> Tumpukan Volta terdiri dari setumpuk <a href="/wiki/Sel_Galvani" title="Sel Galvani">sel Galvanik</a> yang disederhanakan, masing-masing menjadi satu pelat tembaga dan satu seng yang dihubungkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Elektrolit" title="Elektrolit">elektrolit</a>. Dengan menumpuk unit-unit ini secara seri, tumpukan (atau "baterai") Volta secara keseluruhan memiliki tegangan yang lebih tinggi, yang dapat digunakan lebih mudah daripada sel tunggal. Listrik dihasilkan karena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potensial_Volta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potensial Volta (halaman belum tersedia)">potensial Volta</a> antara dua pelat logam membuat <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> mengalir dari seng ke tembaga dan menimbulkan korosi pada seng.<a href="#cite_note-ExcelPhysics-89">[87]</a> Karakter nonmagnetik seng dan kurangnya warna dalam larutan menunda penemuan pentingnya untuk biokimia dan nutrisi.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton1999p626-91">[89]</a> Hal ini berubah pada tahun 1940 ketika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbonat_anhidrase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbonat anhidrase (halaman belum tersedia)">karbonat anhidrase</a>, enzim yang membersihkan karbon dioksida dari darah, terbukti memiliki seng di <a href="/wiki/Situs_aktif" title="Situs aktif">situs aktifnya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton1999p626-91">[89]</a> Enzim pencernaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karboksipeptidase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karboksipeptidase (halaman belum tersedia)">karboksipeptidase</a> menjadi enzim yang mengandung seng kedua yang diketahui pada tahun 1955.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton1999p626-91">[89]</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produksi">Produksi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Produksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Produksi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penambangan_dan_pengolahan">Penambangan dan pengolahan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Penambangan dan pengolahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penambangan dan pengolahan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:0.5em"> <caption>Hasil produksi tambang seng teratas (menurut negara) 2019<a href="#cite_note-USGSMCS2015-23">[22]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe6"> <th><a href="/wiki/Peringkat" title="Peringkat">Peringkat</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Negara" title="Negara">Negara</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ton_metrik" title="Ton metrik">Ton</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a></td> <td align="right">4.210.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></td> <td align="right">1.400.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="right">1.330.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a></td> <td align="right">753.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td align="right">720.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a></td> <td align="right">677.000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Price_of_Zinc.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Price_of_Zinc.webp/330px-Price_of_Zinc.webp.png" decoding="async" width="325" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Price_of_Zinc.webp/500px-Price_of_Zinc.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Price_of_Zinc.webp/960px-Price_of_Zinc.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption>Harga seng</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:World_Zinc_Production_2006.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Peta dunia mengungkapkan bahwa sekitar 40% seng diproduksi di Tiongkok, 20% di Australia, 20% di Peru, dan 5% di AS, Kanada, serta Kazakhstan masing-masing." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/World_Zinc_Production_2006.svg/500px-World_Zinc_Production_2006.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/World_Zinc_Production_2006.svg/525px-World_Zinc_Production_2006.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/World_Zinc_Production_2006.svg/700px-World_Zinc_Production_2006.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>Persentase produksi seng pada tahun 2006 menurut negara<a href="#cite_note-USGSCS2008-92">[90]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Zinc_world_production.svg&lang=en" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zinc_world_production.svg/220px-Zinc_world_production.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zinc_world_production.svg/330px-Zinc_world_production.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Zinc_world_production.svg/440px-Zinc_world_production.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Tren produksi dunia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zink_Mine_Rosh_Pinah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Zink_Mine_Rosh_Pinah.jpg/220px-Zink_Mine_Rosh_Pinah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Zink_Mine_Rosh_Pinah.jpg/330px-Zink_Mine_Rosh_Pinah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Zink_Mine_Rosh_Pinah.jpg/440px-Zink_Mine_Rosh_Pinah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Tambang Seng Rosh Pinah, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Seng&language=id&params=27_57_17_S_016_46_00_E_region:NA_type:landmark&title=Rosh+Pinah">27°57′17″S 016°46′00″E / 27.95472°S 16.76667°E / -27.95472; 16.76667 (Rosh Pinah)</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Skorpion_Zink_Mine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Skorpion_Zink_Mine.jpg/220px-Skorpion_Zink_Mine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Skorpion_Zink_Mine.jpg/330px-Skorpion_Zink_Mine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Skorpion_Zink_Mine.jpg/440px-Skorpion_Zink_Mine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Tambang Seng Skorpion, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25917590" /><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Seng&language=id&params=27_49_09_S_016_36_28_E_region:NA_type:landmark&title=Skorpion">27°49′09″S 016°36′28″E / 27.81917°S 16.60778°E / -27.81917; 16.60778 (Skorpion)</a> </figcaption></figure> Seng adalah logam keempat yang paling umum digunakan, di bawah <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a> dengan produksi tahunan sekitar 13 juta ton.<a href="#cite_note-USGSMCS2015-23">[22]</a> Produsen seng terbesar di dunia adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyrstar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyrstar (halaman belum tersedia)">Nyrstar</a>, penggabungan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=OZ_Minerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OZ Minerals (halaman belum tersedia)">OZ Minerals</a> Australia dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umicore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umicore (halaman belum tersedia)">Umicore</a> Belgia.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> Sekitar 70% seng dunia berasal dari pertambangan, sedangkan 30% sisanya berasal dari daur ulang seng sekunder.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> Seng murni komersial dikenal sebagai Special High Grade (Kelas Tinggi Khusus), sering disingkat sebagai SHG, dan murni 99,995%.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> Di seluruh dunia, 95% seng baru ditambang dari deposit bijih <a href="/wiki/Sulfida" title="Sulfida">sulfida</a>, di mana sfalerit (ZnS) hampir selalu dicampur dengan sulfida tembaga, timah, dan besi.<a href="#cite_note-Zinchand-96">[94]</a>(hlm.6) Tambang seng tersebar di seluruh dunia, dengan tambang utama seng berada di Tiongkok, Australia, dan Peru. Tiongkok menghasilkan 38% dari output seng global pada tahun 2014.<a href="#cite_note-USGSMCS2015-23">[22]</a> Logam seng diproduksi menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Metalurgi_ekstraktif" title="Metalurgi ekstraktif">metalurgi ekstraktif</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rosenqvist1922-97">[95]</a>(hlm.7) Bijih seng ditumbuk halus, kemudian dimasukkan melalui <a href="/wiki/Pengapungan" title="Pengapungan">pengapungan</a> untuk memisahkan mineral dari <a href="/wiki/Gangue" title="Gangue">gangue</a> (berdasarkan sifat <a href="/wiki/Hidrofobik" title="Hidrofobik">hidrofobisitas</a>), untuk mendapatkan konsentrat bijih seng sulfida<a href="#cite_note-Rosenqvist1922-97">[95]</a>(hlm.16) yang terdiri sekitar 50% seng, 32% belerang, 13% besi, dan 5% SiO2.<a href="#cite_note-Rosenqvist1922-97">[95]</a>(hlm.16) <a href="/wiki/Pemanggangan_(metalurgi)" title="Pemanggangan (metalurgi)">Pemanggangan</a> mengubah konsentrat seng sulfida menjadi seng oksida:<a href="#cite_note-Zinchand-96">[94]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2ZnS + 3O2 ->[t^o] 2ZnO + 2SO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mtext>ZnS</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mi>o</mi> </msup> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mtext>ZnO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2ZnS + 3O2 ->[t^o] 2ZnO + 2SO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/686cb2d7d73dea23bc0e3431bfab4016d5fd71ed" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-top: -0.433ex; width:31.442ex; height:4.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2ZnS + 3O2 ->[t^o] 2ZnO + 2SO2}}}" /></dd></dl> Sulfur dioksida digunakan untuk produksi asam sulfat, yang diperlukan untuk proses pelindian. Jika endapan <a href="/wiki/Seng_karbonat" class="mw-redirect" title="Seng karbonat">seng karbonat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_silikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng silikat (halaman belum tersedia)">seng silikat</a>, atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gahnit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gahnit (halaman belum tersedia)">seng-spinel</a> (seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skorpion_Zinc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skorpion Zinc (halaman belum tersedia)">Deposit Skorpion</a> di <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>) digunakan untuk produksi seng, pemanggangan dapat dihilangkan.<a href="#cite_note-Skorpion-98">[96]</a> Untuk pemrosesan lebih lanjut, dua metode dasar digunakan: <a href="/wiki/Pirometalurgi" title="Pirometalurgi">pirometalurgi</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengekstraksian_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengekstraksian listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">pengekstraksian listrik</a>. Pirometalurgi mereduksi seng oksida dengan <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Karbon_monoksida" title="Karbon monoksida">karbon monoksida</a> pada 950 °C (1.740 °F) ke dalam logam, yang disuling sebagai uap seng untuk memisahkannya dari logam lain, yang tidak mudah menguap pada suhu tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> Uap seng kemudian dikumpulkan dalam kondensor.<a href="#cite_note-Zinchand-96">[94]</a> Persamaan di bawah ini menggambarkan proses ini:<a href="#cite_note-Zinchand-96">[94]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {ZnO + C ->[950^oC] Zn + CO}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>ZnO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mn>950</mn> <mi>o</mi> </msup> <mi>C</mi> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <mtext>Zn</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>CO</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {ZnO + C ->[950^oC] Zn + CO}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1592f63fc0ae67a24850c33381264f5ca6bd1f55" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; margin-top: -0.433ex; width:25.219ex; height:4.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {ZnO + C ->[950^oC] Zn + CO}}}" /></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {ZnO + CO ->[950^oC] Zn + CO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>ZnO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-REL"> <mover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mn>950</mn> <mi>o</mi> </msup> <mi>C</mi> </mpadded> </mover> </mrow> <mtext>Zn</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {ZnO + CO ->[950^oC] Zn + CO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ab85d04dfa0b8e0280b72062a5ecbe660fd247b1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; margin-top: -0.433ex; width:28.082ex; height:4.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {ZnO + CO ->[950^oC] Zn + CO2}}}" /></dd></dl> Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengekstraksian_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengekstraksian listrik (halaman belum tersedia)">pengekstraksian listrik</a>, seng dilindikan dari konsentrat bijih oleh <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">asam sulfat</a> dan kotoran diendapkan:<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {ZnO + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>ZnO</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>ZnSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {ZnO + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8dece6d8838ec01b21c572dbe4e3404d47f6aa05" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:33.723ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {ZnO + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2O}}}" /></dd></dl> Akhirnya, seng direduksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Elektrolisis" title="Elektrolisis">elektrolisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zinchand-96">[94]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2ZnSO4 + 2H2O -> 2Zn + O2 + 2H2SO4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msubsup> <mtext>ZnSO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <mtext>Zn</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em"></mspace> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2ZnSO4 + 2H2O -> 2Zn + O2 + 2H2SO4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/347f94534be68e78b991b2639b79b8b2f91b90a7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:43.816ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2ZnSO4 + 2H2O -> 2Zn + O2 + 2H2SO4}}}" /></dd></dl> Asam sulfat diregenerasi dan didaur ulang ke langkah pelindian. Ketika bahan baku tergalvanisasi diumpankan ke sebuah <a href="/wiki/Tanur_busur_listrik" title="Tanur busur listrik">tanur busur listrik</a>, seng dipulihkan dari debu dengan sejumlah proses, terutama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proses_Waelz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proses Waelz (halaman belum tersedia)">proses Waelz</a> (90% pada 2014).<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dampak_lingkungan">Dampak lingkungan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Dampak lingkungan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Dampak lingkungan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Penyempurnaan bijih seng sulfida menghasilkan sejumlah besar sulfur dioksida dan uap <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">kadmium</a>. <a href="/wiki/Terak" title="Terak">Terak</a> peleburan dan residu lainnya mengandung sejumlah besar logam. Sekitar 1,1 juta ton seng logam dan 130 ribu ton timbal ditambang dan dilebur di kota <a href="/wiki/Kelmis" title="Kelmis">La Calamine</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plombi%C3%A8res&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plombières (halaman belum tersedia)">Plombières</a> di Belgia antara tahun 1806 dan 1882.<a href="#cite_note-Kucha-102">[100]</a> Tempat pembuangan dari operasi penambangan dan pelindian seng dan kadmium masa lalu serta sedimen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geul (halaman belum tersedia)">Sungai Geul</a>, mengandung jumlah logam yang tidak sepele.<a href="#cite_note-Kucha-102">[100]</a> Sekitar dua ribu tahun yang lalu, emisi seng dari pertambangan dan peleburan mencapai 10 ribu ton per tahun. Setelah meningkat 10 kali lipat dari tahun 1850, emisi seng mencapai puncaknya pada 3,4 juta ton per tahun pada 1980-an dan menurun menjadi 2,7 juta ton pada 1990-an, meskipun studi tahun 2005 mengenai troposfer Arktik menemukan bahwa konsentrasi di sana tidak mencerminkan penurunan. Emisi buatan manusia dan alami terjadi pada rasio 20 banding 1.<a href="#cite_note-Broadley2007-103">[101]</a> Seng di sungai yang mengalir melalui kawasan industri dan pertambangan bisa mencapai 20 ppm.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p504-104">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pengolahan_limbah" title="Pengolahan limbah">Pengolahan limbah</a> yang efektif sangat mengurangi hal ini; pemulihan di sepanjang <a href="/wiki/Rhein" title="Rhein">Sungai Rhein</a>, misalnya, telah menurunkan kadar seng hingga 50 ppb.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p504-104">[102]</a> Konsentrasi seng serendah 2 ppm memengaruhi jumlah oksigen yang dapat dibawa ikan dalam darahnya.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1158px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_Zinc_Works_and_Incat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secara historis bertanggung jawab atas kadar logam yang tinggi di Sungai Derwent, pabrik seng di Lutana merupakan pengekspor terbesar di Tasmania, menghasilkan 2,5% dari PDB Tasmania, dan memproduksi lebih dari 250.000 ton seng per tahun."><img alt="Panorama yang menampilkan pabrik industri besar di tepi laut, di depan pegunungan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_Zinc_Works_and_Incat.jpg/1150px-The_Zinc_Works_and_Incat.jpg" decoding="async" width="1150" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_Zinc_Works_and_Incat.jpg/1725px-The_Zinc_Works_and_Incat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_Zinc_Works_and_Incat.jpg/2300px-The_Zinc_Works_and_Incat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11034" data-file-height="1462" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:The_Zinc_Works_and_Incat.jpg" title="Berkas:The Zinc Works and Incat.jpg"> </a></div>Secara historis bertanggung jawab atas kadar logam yang tinggi di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Derwent_(Tasmania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Derwent (Tasmania) (halaman belum tersedia)">Sungai Derwent</a>,<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> pabrik seng di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutana,_Tasmania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutana, Tasmania (halaman belum tersedia)">Lutana</a> merupakan pengekspor terbesar di Tasmania, menghasilkan 2,5% dari <a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a> Tasmania, dan memproduksi lebih dari 250.000 ton seng per tahun.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Pencemaran_tanah" title="Pencemaran tanah">Tanah yang terkontaminasi</a> seng dari penambangan, pemurnian, atau pemupukan dengan lumpur yang mengandung seng dapat mengandung beberapa gram seng per kilogram tanah kering. Kadar seng yang melebihi 500 ppm dalam tanah mengganggu kemampuan tanaman untuk menyerap <a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrisi)" title="Mineral (nutrisi)">logam-logam esensial</a> lainnya, seperti <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a>. Kadar seng dari 2000 ppm hingga 180.000 ppm (18%) telah dicatat di beberapa sampel tanah.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p504-104">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplikasi">Aplikasi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Aplikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Aplikasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Aplikasi utama seng, diantaranya (angka diberikan untuk AS)<a href="#cite_note-USGS-yb2006-108">[106]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Galvanisasi" title="Galvanisasi">Galvanisasi</a> (55%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuningan" title="Kuningan">Kuningan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perunggu" title="Perunggu">perunggu</a> (16%)</li> <li>Paduan lainnya (21%)</li> <li>Lain-lain (8%)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antikorosi_dan_baterai">Antikorosi dan baterai</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Antikorosi dan baterai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Antikorosi dan baterai">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Feuerverzinkte_Oberfl%C3%A4che.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kristal memanjang yang tergabung dari berbagai warna abu-abu." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Feuerverzinkte_Oberfl%C3%A4che.jpg/250px-Feuerverzinkte_Oberfl%C3%A4che.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Feuerverzinkte_Oberfl%C3%A4che.jpg/330px-Feuerverzinkte_Oberfl%C3%A4che.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Feuerverzinkte_Oberfl%C3%A4che.jpg/500px-Feuerverzinkte_Oberfl%C3%A4che.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Permukaan kristal <a href="/wiki/Galvanisasi" title="Galvanisasi">tergalvanisasi</a> pegangan celup panas</figcaption></figure> Seng paling sering digunakan sebagai zat anti<a href="/wiki/Korosi" title="Korosi">korosi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1203-109">[107]</a> dan galvanisasi (pelapisan <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Baja" title="Baja">baja</a>) adalah bentuk yang paling dikenal. Pada tahun 2009 di Amerika Serikat, 55% atau 893.000 ton logam seng digunakan untuk galvanisasi.<a href="#cite_note-USGS-yb2006-108">[106]</a> Seng lebih reaktif daripada besi atau baja dan dengan demikian akan menarik hampir semua oksidasi lokal sampai ia benar-benar terkorosi.<a href="#cite_note-Stwertka1998p99-110">[108]</a> Lapisan permukaan pelindung oksida dan karbonat (Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2) terbentuk sebagai korosi seng.<a href="#cite_note-Lehto1968p829-111">[109]</a> Perlindungan ini bertahan bahkan setelah lapisan seng tergores tetapi menurun seiring waktu karena seng terkorosi.<a href="#cite_note-Lehto1968p829-111">[109]</a> Seng diterapkan secara elektrokimia atau sebagai seng cair melalui penyemprotan atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galvanisasi_celup_panas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galvanisasi celup panas (halaman belum tersedia)">galvanisasi celup panas</a>. Galvanisasi digunakan pada pagar rantai, pagar pengaman, jembatan gantung, tiang lampu, atap logam, penukar panas, dan badan mobil.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p503-112">[110]</a> Reaktivitas relatif seng dan kemampuannya untuk menarik oksidasi ke dirinya sendiri membuatnya menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anode_galvanis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anode galvanis (halaman belum tersedia)"> anode pengorban</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Proteksi_katodik" title="Proteksi katodik">proteksi katodik</a> (cathodic protection, CP). Misalnya, perlindungan katodik dari pipa yang terkubur dapat dicapai dengan menghubungkan anode yang terbuat dari seng ke pipa.<a href="#cite_note-Lehto1968p829-111">[109]</a> Seng bertindak sebagai <a href="/wiki/Anode" title="Anode">anode</a> (terminus negatif) dengan terkorosi secara perlahan saat mengalirkan arus listrik ke pipa baja.<a href="#cite_note-Lehto1968p829-111">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[catatan 3]</a> Seng juga digunakan untuk melindungi logam yang terpapar air laut secara katodik.<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> Piringan seng yang menempel pada kemudi besi kapal akan perlahan terkorosi, sementara kemudi tetap utuh.<a href="#cite_note-Stwertka1998p99-110">[108]</a> Demikian pula, sumbat seng yang dipasang pada baling-baling atau pelindung logam untuk lunas kapal memberikan perlindungan sementara. Dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potensial_elektrode_standar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potensial elektrode standar (halaman belum tersedia)">potensial elektrode standar</a> (standard electrode potential, SEP) sebesar −0,76 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a>, seng digunakan sebagai bahan anode untuk baterai. (Litium yang lebih reaktif (SEP −3,04 V) digunakan untuk anode dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_litium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai litium (halaman belum tersedia)">baterai litium</a>). Seng bubuk digunakan dengan cara ini dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_alkalin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai alkalin (halaman belum tersedia)">baterai alkalin</a> dan pelindung (yang juga berfungsi sebagai anode) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_seng%E2%80%93karbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai seng–karbon (halaman belum tersedia)">baterai seng–karbon</a> dibentuk dari lembaran seng.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> Seng digunakan sebagai anode atau bahan bakar sel bahan bakar/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_seng%E2%80%93udara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai seng–udara (halaman belum tersedia)">baterai seng–udara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_aliran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai aliran (halaman belum tersedia)">Baterai aliran redoks</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baterai_seng%E2%80%93serium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baterai seng–serium (halaman belum tersedia)">seng–serium</a> juga bergantung pada setengah sel negatif berbasis seng.<a href="#cite_note-Xie1-120">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paduan">Paduan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Paduan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Paduan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Paduan seng yang banyak digunakan adalah kuningan, di mana tembaga dicampur dengan seng dari 3% hingga 45%, tergantung pada jenis kuningannya.<a href="#cite_note-Lehto1968p829-111">[109]</a> Kuningan umumnya lebih <a href="/wiki/Keuletan_(fisika)" title="Keuletan (fisika)">ulet</a> dan lebih kuat dari tembaga, dan memiliki <a href="/wiki/Korosi#Ketahanan_terhadap_korosi" title="Korosi">ketahanan korosi</a> yang unggul.<a href="#cite_note-Lehto1968p829-111">[109]</a> Sifat-sifat ini membuatnya berguna dalam peralatan komunikasi, perangkat keras, alat musik, dan katup air.<a href="#cite_note-Lehto1968p829-111">[109]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Microstructure_of_rolled_and_annealed_brass;_magnification_400X.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pola mosaik yang terdiri dari komponen-komponen yang memiliki berbagai bentuk dan corak warna cokelat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Microstructure_of_rolled_and_annealed_brass%3B_magnification_400X.jpg/220px-Microstructure_of_rolled_and_annealed_brass%3B_magnification_400X.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Microstructure_of_rolled_and_annealed_brass%3B_magnification_400X.jpg/330px-Microstructure_of_rolled_and_annealed_brass%3B_magnification_400X.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Microstructure_of_rolled_and_annealed_brass%3B_magnification_400X.jpg/440px-Microstructure_of_rolled_and_annealed_brass%3B_magnification_400X.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Struktur mikro kuningan cor pada perbesaran 400x</figcaption></figure> Paduan seng lain yang banyak digunakan, di antaranya perak nikel, logam mesin tik, <a href="/wiki/Solder" title="Solder">solder</a> lunak dan aluminium, dan <a href="/wiki/Perunggu" title="Perunggu">perunggu</a> komersial.<a href="#cite_note-CRCp4-41-13">[12]</a> Seng juga digunakan dalam organ pipa kontemporer sebagai pengganti paduan timbal/timah tradisional dalam pipa.<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> Paduan 85–88% seng, 4–10% tembaga, dan 2–8% aluminium memilih penggunaan terbatas pada jenis bantalan mesin tertentu. Seng telah menjadi logam utama dalam <a href="/wiki/Sen_Lincoln" title="Sen Lincoln">koin satu sen Amerika</a> (penny) sejak 1982.<a href="#cite_note-onecent-122">[119]</a> Inti seng dilapisi dengan lapisan tipis tembaga untuk memberikan tampilan seperti koin tembaga. Pada tahun 1994, 33.200 ton (36.600 ton pendek) seng digunakan untuk menghasilkan 13,6 miliar sen di Amerika Serikat.<a href="#cite_note-USGS-yb1994-123">[120]</a> Paduan seng dengan sejumlah kecil tembaga, aluminium, dan magnesium berguna dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengecoran_mati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengecoran mati (halaman belum tersedia)">pengecoran mati</a> (die casting) serta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengecoran_berputar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengecoran berputar (halaman belum tersedia)">pengecoran berputar</a> (spin casting), terutama dalam industri otomotif, listrik, dan perangkat keras.<a href="#cite_note-CRCp4-41-13">[12]</a> Paduan-paduan ini dipasarkan dengan nama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zamak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zamak (halaman belum tersedia)">Zamak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> Contohnya adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_aluminium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng aluminium (halaman belum tersedia)">seng aluminium</a>. Titik lebur yang rendah bersama dengan <a href="/wiki/Kekentalan" title="Kekentalan">viskositas</a> rendah dari paduan memungkinkan produksi bentuk kecil dan rumit. Suhu kerja yang rendah menyebabkan pendinginan yang cepat dari produk cor dan produksi yang cepat untuk perakitan.<a href="#cite_note-CRCp4-41-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> Paduan lain, dipasarkan dengan merek Prestal, mengandung 78% seng dan 22% aluminium, dan dilaporkan hampir sekuat baja tetapi dapat ditempa seperti plastik.<a href="#cite_note-CRCp4-41-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superplastisitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superplastisitas (halaman belum tersedia)">Superplastisitas</a> paduan ini memungkinkannya untuk dicetak menggunakan cetakan yang terbuat dari keramik dan semen.<a href="#cite_note-CRCp4-41-13">[12]</a> Paduan serupa dengan penambahan sedikit timbal dapat digulung dingin menjadi lembaran. Paduan seng 96% dan aluminium 4% digunakan untuk membuat stamping mati untuk aplikasi yang dijalankan dengan produksi rendah dimana logam besi mati akan terlalu mahal.<a href="#cite_note-samans-127">[124]</a> Untuk fasad bangunan, atap, dan aplikasi lain untuk <a href="/wiki/Logam_lembaran" title="Logam lembaran">logam lembaran</a> yang dibentuk oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deep_drawing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deep drawing (halaman belum tersedia)">deep drawing</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembentukan_rol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembentukan rol (halaman belum tersedia)">pembentukan rol</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Pembengkokan_logam" title="Pembengkokan logam">pembengkokan</a>, digunakanlah paduan seng dengan <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> dan tembaga.<a href="#cite_note-ZincCorr-128">[125]</a> Seng murni terlalu rapuh untuk proses manufaktur ini.<a href="#cite_note-ZincCorr-128">[125]</a> Sebagai bahan padat, murah, mudah dikerjakan, seng digunakan sebagai pengganti <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a>. Di tengah <a href="/wiki/Keracunan_timbal" title="Keracunan timbal">kekhawatiran timbal</a>, seng muncul dalam bobot untuk berbagai aplikasi mulai dari memancing<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> hingga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timbangan_ban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timbangan ban (halaman belum tersedia)">timbangan ban</a> dan roda gila.<a href="#cite_note-minrecall-130">[127]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadmium_seng_telurida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadmium seng telurida (halaman belum tersedia)">Kadmium seng telurida</a> (cadmium zinc telluride, CZT) adalah sebuah paduan <a href="/wiki/Semikonduktor" title="Semikonduktor">semikonduktor</a> yang dapat dibagi menjadi berbagai perangkat penginderaan kecil.<a href="#cite_note-Katz2002-131">[128]</a> Perangkat ini mirip dengan <a href="/wiki/Sirkuit_terpadu" title="Sirkuit terpadu">sirkuit terpadu</a> dan dapat mendeteksi energi foton <a href="/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama">sinar gama</a> yang masuk.<a href="#cite_note-Katz2002-131">[128]</a> Saat berada di balik topeng penyerap, susunan sensor CZT dapat menentukan arah sinar.<a href="#cite_note-Katz2002-131">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kegunaan_industri_lainnya">Kegunaan industri lainnya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Kegunaan industri lainnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kegunaan industri lainnya">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zinc_oxide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bubuk putih di atas piring kaca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Zinc_oxide.jpg/220px-Zinc_oxide.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Zinc_oxide.jpg/330px-Zinc_oxide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Zinc_oxide.jpg/440px-Zinc_oxide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>Seng oksida digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Pigmen" title="Pigmen">pigmen</a> putih dalam <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cat</a>.</figcaption></figure> Kira-kira seperempat dari semua keluaran seng di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2009 dikonsumsi dalam senyawa seng;<a href="#cite_note-USGS-yb2006-108">[106]</a> beberapa di antaranya digunakan secara industri. Seng oksida banyak digunakan sebagai pigmen putih pada cat dan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Katalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Katalis">katalis</a> dalam pembuatan karet untuk mendispersikan panas. Seng oksida digunakan untuk melindungi polimer karet dan plastik dari <a href="/wiki/Ultraungu" title="Ultraungu">radiasi ultraviolet</a> (UV).<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p503-112">[110]</a> Sifat <a href="/wiki/Semikonduktor" title="Semikonduktor">semikonduktor</a> seng oksida membuatnya berguna dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Varistor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varistor (halaman belum tersedia)">varistor</a> dan produk fotokopi.<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siklus_seng%E2%80%93seng_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siklus seng–seng oksida (halaman belum tersedia)">Siklus seng–seng oksida</a> adalah sebuah proses <a href="/wiki/Termokimia" title="Termokimia">termokimia</a> dua langkah yang didasarkan pada seng dan seng oksida untuk <a href="/wiki/Produksi_hidrogen" title="Produksi hidrogen">produksi hidrogen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/Seng_klorida" title="Seng klorida">Seng klorida</a> sering ditambahkan ke kayu sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghambat_api&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penghambat api (halaman belum tersedia)">penghambat api</a><a href="#cite_note-Heiserman1992p124-134">[131]</a> dan terkadang sebagai <a href="/wiki/Bahan_pengawet" title="Bahan pengawet">pengawet</a> kayu.<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> Ia digunakan dalam pembuatan bahan kimia lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-Heiserman1992p124-134">[131]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimetilseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimetilseng (halaman belum tersedia)">Seng metil</a> (Zn(CH3)2) digunakan dalam sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Sintesis_organik" title="Sintesis organik">sintetis</a> organik.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Seng_sulfida" title="Seng sulfida">Seng sulfida</a> (ZnS) digunakan dalam pigmen <a href="/wiki/Luminesensi" title="Luminesensi">bercahaya</a> seperti pada jarum jam, <a href="/wiki/Sinar-X" title="Sinar-X">sinar-X</a> dan layar televisi, serta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_bercahaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cat bercahaya (halaman belum tersedia)">cat bercahaya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRCp4-42-137">[134]</a> Kristal ZnS digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> yang beroperasi di spektrum <a href="/wiki/Inframerah" title="Inframerah">inframerah</a> bagian tengah.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Seng_sulfat" title="Seng sulfat">Seng sulfat</a> adalah bahan kimia dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahan_pewarna" title="Bahan pewarna">pewarna</a> dan pigmen.<a href="#cite_note-Heiserman1992p124-134">[131]</a> <a href="/wiki/Seng_pirition" title="Seng pirition">Seng pirition</a> digunakan dalam cat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengotoran_biologis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengotoran biologis (halaman belum tersedia)">antipengotoran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> Bubuk seng kadang-kadang digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Bahan_pendorong" title="Bahan pendorong">propelan</a> dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roket_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roket model (halaman belum tersedia)">roket model</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ZnS-140">[137]</a> Ketika campuran terkompresi dari 70% bubuk seng dan 30% bubuk <a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">belerang</a> dinyalakan, akan terjadi reaksi kimia yang hebat.<a href="#cite_note-ZnS-140">[137]</a> Reaksi ini akan menghasilkan seng sulfida, bersama dengan sejumlah besar panas, gas panas, dan cahaya.<a href="#cite_note-ZnS-140">[137]</a> Lembaran logam seng digunakan untuk membuat <a href="/wiki/Bar_(tempat)#Bar_(konter)" title="Bar (tempat)">bar</a> seng.<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> 64Zn, <a href="/wiki/Isotop_seng" title="Isotop seng">isotop seng</a> yang paling melimpah, sangat rentan terhadap <a href="/wiki/Pengaktifan_neutron" title="Pengaktifan neutron">pengaktifan neutron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transmutasi" title="Transmutasi">ditransmutasikan</a> menjadi 65Zn yang sangat radioaktif, yang memiliki <a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">waktu paruh</a> 244 hari dan menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama">radiasi gama</a> yang intens. Oleh karena itu, seng oksida yang digunakan dalam reaktor nuklir sebagai agen antikorosi merupakan 64Zn yang terdeplesi sebelum digunakan, dan ia disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_oksida_terdeplesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng oksida terdeplesi (halaman belum tersedia)">seng oksida terdeplesi</a>. Untuk alasan yang sama, seng telah diusulkan sebagai bahan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bom_bergaram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bom bergaram (halaman belum tersedia)">penggaraman</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Senjata_nuklir" title="Senjata nuklir">senjata nuklir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">kobalt</a> adalah bahan penggaraman lain yang lebih dikenal).<a href="#cite_note-Win2003-142">[139]</a> Jaket 64Zn <a href="/wiki/Pemisahan_isotop" title="Pemisahan isotop">yang diperkaya secara isotop</a> akan disinari oleh fluks neutron berenergi tinggi yang intens dari senjata termonuklir yang meledak, membentuk 65Zn dalam jumlah besar yang secara signifikan meningkatkan radioaktivitas <a href="/wiki/Luruhan_nuklir" title="Luruhan nuklir">luruhan</a> senjata.<a href="#cite_note-Win2003-142">[139]</a> Senjata seperti ini tidak diketahui pernah dibuat, diuji, atau digunakan.<a href="#cite_note-Win2003-142">[139]</a> 65Zn digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Pelabelan_isotop" title="Pelabelan isotop">pelacak</a> untuk mempelajari bagaimana paduan yang mengandung seng aus, atau jalur dan peran seng dalam organisme.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> Kompleks seng ditiokarbamat digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Fungisida" title="Fungisida">fungisida</a> pertanian; mereka termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zineb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zineb (halaman belum tersedia)">Zineb</a>, Metiram, Propineb, dan Ziram.<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> Seng naftenat digunakan sebagai pengawet kayu.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> Seng dalam bentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_ditiofosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng ditiofosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">ZDDP</a>, digunakan sebagai aditif antiaus untuk bagian logam dalam oli mesin.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kimia_organik">Kimia organik</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Kimia organik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kimia organik">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:DiphenylzincCarbonylAddition.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DiphenylzincCarbonylAddition.png/350px-DiphenylzincCarbonylAddition.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DiphenylzincCarbonylAddition.png/525px-DiphenylzincCarbonylAddition.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DiphenylzincCarbonylAddition.png/700px-DiphenylzincCarbonylAddition.png 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>Adisi difenilseng ke aldehida</figcaption></figure> Kimia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senyawa_organoseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senyawa organoseng (halaman belum tersedia)">organoseng</a> adalah ilmu mengenai senyawa yang mengandung ikatan karbon-seng, yang menggambarkan sifat fisik, sintesis, dan reaksi kimia. Banyak senyawa organoseng yang penting.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a> Beberapa di antaranya, yaitu <ul><li>Reaksi Frankland-Duppa Reaction di mana sebuah <a href="/wiki/Ester_(kimia)" title="Ester (kimia)">ester</a> <a href="/wiki/Oksalat" title="Oksalat">oksalat</a> (ROCOCOOR) bereaksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Haloalkana" title="Haloalkana">alkil halida</a> R'X, seng dan <a href="/wiki/Asam_klorida" title="Asam klorida">asam klorida</a> untuk membentuk ester α-hidroksikarboksilat RR'COHCOOR<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a></li> <li>Pada sisi negatifnya, organoseng jauh lebih sedikit nukleofilik daripada Grignards, dan harganya mahal serta sulit ditangani. Senyawa diorganoseng yang tersedia secara komersial adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimetilseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimetilseng (halaman belum tersedia)">dimetilseng</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietilseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietilseng (halaman belum tersedia)">dietilseng</a> dan difenilseng. Dalam sebuah penelitian,<a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> senyawa organoseng aktif diperoleh dari prekursor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senyawa_organobromin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senyawa organobromin (halaman belum tersedia)">organobromin</a> yang jauh lebih murah.</li></ul> Seng memiliki banyak kegunaan sebagai katalis dalam sintesis organik termasuk sintesis asimetris, menjadi alternatif yang murah dan mudah tersedia untuk kompleks logam berharga. Hasil (hasil dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelebihan_enansiomer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelebihan enansiomer (halaman belum tersedia)">kelebihan enansiomer</a>) yang diperoleh dengan katalis seng kiral sebanding dengan yang dicapai dengan <a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">paladium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">rutenium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">iridium</a> dan lainnya, dan seng menjadi katalis logam pilihan.<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suplemen_makanan">Suplemen makanan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Suplemen makanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Suplemen makanan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zinc_50_mg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Zinc_50_mg.jpg/170px-Zinc_50_mg.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Zinc_50_mg.jpg/255px-Zinc_50_mg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Zinc_50_mg.jpg/340px-Zinc_50_mg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1721" /></a><figcaption>Tablet seng 50 mg. Jumlahnya melebihi angka yang dianggap batas atas aman di Amerika Serikat (40 mg) dan Uni Eropa (25 mg)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zinc_gluconate_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rumus kimia rangka dari senyawa planar yang menampilkan atom Zn di tengahnya, terikat secara simetris dengan empat oksigen. Oksigen tersebut selanjutnya terhubung ke rantai COH linier." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Zinc_gluconate_structure.svg/300px-Zinc_gluconate_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Zinc_gluconate_structure.svg/450px-Zinc_gluconate_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Zinc_gluconate_structure.svg/600px-Zinc_gluconate_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="111" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_glukonat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng glukonat (halaman belum tersedia)">Seng glukonat</a> adalah salah satu senyawa yang digunakan untuk pengiriman seng sebagai <a href="/wiki/Suplemen_makanan" title="Suplemen makanan">suplemen makanan</a>.</figcaption></figure> Dalam kebanyakan tablet tunggal, obat bebas, suplemen vitamin dan <a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrisi)" title="Mineral (nutrisi)">mineral</a> harian, seng dimasukkan dalam bentuk seperti <a href="/wiki/Seng_oksida" title="Seng oksida">seng oksida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seng_asetat" title="Seng asetat">seng asetat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_glukonat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng glukonat (halaman belum tersedia)">seng glukonat</a>, atau seng asam amino kelat.<a href="#cite_note-DiSilvestro2004-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-USgov-157">[154]</a> Umumnya, suplemen seng direkomendasikan di mana ada risiko tinggi kekurangan seng (seperti negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah) sebagai tindakan pencegahan.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> Meskipun seng sulfat adalah bentuk seng yang umum digunakan, seng sitrat, glukonat, dan pikolinat mungkin juga merupakan pilihan yang valid. Bentuk-bentuk ini lebih baik diserap daripada seng oksida.<a href="#cite_note-Zincposology2019-159">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gastroenteritis">Gastroenteritis</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Gastroenteritis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gastroenteritis">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Seng adalah bagian dari pengobatan diare yang murah dan efektif pada anak-anak di negara berkembang. Seng menjadi terdeplesi dalam tubuh selama diare dan pengisian kembali seng dengan pengobatan 10 sampai 14 hari dapat mengurangi durasi dan keparahan diare dan juga dapat mencegah diare berikutnya selama tiga bulan.<a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">Gastroenteritis</a> sangat dilemahkan oleh konsumsi seng, mungkin dengan tindakan antimikroba langsung dari ion di <a href="/wiki/Saluran_pencernaan" title="Saluran pencernaan">saluran pencernaan</a>, atau dengan penyerapan seng dan pelepasan kembali dari sel-sel kekebalan (semua <a href="/wiki/Granulosit" title="Granulosit">granulosit</a> menyekresi seng), atau keduanya.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pilek">Pilek</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Sunting bagian: Pilek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pilek">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Suplemen seng (seringkali <a href="/wiki/Pelega_tenggorokan" title="Pelega tenggorokan">pelega</a> <a href="/wiki/Seng_asetat" title="Seng asetat">seng asetat</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_glukonat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng glukonat (halaman belum tersedia)">seng glukonat</a>) adalah sekelompok <a href="/wiki/Suplemen_makanan" title="Suplemen makanan">suplemen makanan</a> yang biasanya digunakan untuk pengobatan <a href="/wiki/Pilek" title="Pilek">pilek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NIH_Zinc-163">[160]</a> Penggunaan suplemen seng dengan dosis lebih dari 75 mg/hari dalam waktu 24 jam sejak timbulnya gejala telah terbukti mengurangi durasi gejala pilek sekitar 1 hari pada orang dewasa.<a href="#cite_note-NIH_Zinc-163">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-Science2012-164">[161]</a> Efek samping dari pemberian suplemen seng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberian_mulut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberian mulut (halaman belum tersedia)">melalui mulut</a> adalah rasa tidak enak dan <a href="/wiki/Mual" title="Mual">mual</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NIH_Zinc-163">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-Science2012-164">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pemberian_hidung" title="Pemberian hidung">Penggunaan intranasal</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyemprot_hidung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyemprot hidung (halaman belum tersedia)">penyemprot hidung</a> yang mengandung seng telah dikaitkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Anosmia" title="Anosmia">hilangnya indra penciuman</a>;<a href="#cite_note-NIH_Zinc-163">[160]</a> akibatnya, pada bulan Juni 2009, <a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengawas_Obat_dan_Makanan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Amerika Serikat">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (USFDA) memperingatkan konsumen untuk berhenti menggunakan seng intranasal.<a href="#cite_note-NIH_Zinc-163">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhinovirus" title="Rhinovirus">Rhinovirus manusia</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyakit_virus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyakit virus (halaman belum tersedia)">patogen virus</a> paling umum pada manusia – adalah penyebab utama pilek.<a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Full-165">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mekanisme_aksi" title="Mekanisme aksi">Mekanisme aksi</a> yang dihipotesiskan dimana seng mengurangi keparahan dan/atau durasi gejala pilek adalah penekanan pe<a href="/wiki/Radang" title="Radang">radangan</a> hidung dan penghambatan langsung dari <a href="/wiki/Rhinovirus#Patogenesis" title="Rhinovirus">pengikatan reseptor rhinovirus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Replikasi_virus" title="Replikasi virus">replikasi</a> rhinovirus di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukosa_hidung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mukosa hidung (halaman belum tersedia)">mukosa hidung</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NIH_Zinc-163">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penambahan_berat_badan">Penambahan berat badan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Sunting bagian: Penambahan berat badan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=26" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penambahan berat badan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kekurangan_seng#Nafsu_makan" title="Kekurangan seng">Kekurangan seng § Nafsu makan</a></div> Kekurangan seng dapat menyebabkan hilangnya nafsu makan.<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> Penggunaan seng dalam pengobatan anoreksia telah dianjurkan sejak 1979. Setidaknya 15 uji klinis telah menunjukkan bahwa seng meningkatkan penambahan berat badan pada anoreksia. Sebuah percobaan tahun 1994 menunjukkan bahwa seng menggandakan laju peningkatan massa tubuh dalam pengobatan anoreksia nervosa. Kekurangan nutrisi lain seperti tirosin, triptofan, dan tiamin dapat berkontribusi pada fenomena ini yang disebut "malnutrisi yang disebabkan oleh malnutrisi".<a href="#cite_note-Zincappetitereview-167">[164]</a> Sebuah meta-analisis dari 33 percobaan intervensi prospektif mengenai suplementasi seng dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan anak-anak di banyak negara menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi seng saja memiliki efek yang signifikan secara statistik pada pertumbuhan linier dan penambahan berat badan, menunjukkan bahwa kekurangan zat lain yang mungkin telah hadir tidak bertanggung jawab atas keterbelakangan pertumbuhan.<a href="#cite_note-Zincappetitereview2-168">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lainnya">Lainnya</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Sunting bagian: Lainnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=27" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lainnya">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Sebuah tinjauan Cochrane menyatakan bahwa orang yang mengonsumsi suplemen seng mungkin lebih kecil kemungkinannya untuk menderita <a href="/wiki/Degenerasi_makula" title="Degenerasi makula">degenerasi makula terkait usia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> Suplemen seng adalah pengobatan yang efektif untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acrodermatitis_enteropathica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acrodermatitis enteropathica (halaman belum tersedia)">acrodermatitis enteropathica</a>, kelainan genetik yang mempengaruhi penyerapan seng yang sebelumnya berakibat fatal bagi bayi yang terkena.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p501-64">[63]</a> Kekurangan seng telah dikaitkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Gangguan_depresi_mayor" title="Gangguan depresi mayor">gangguan depresi mayor</a> (major depressive disorder, MDD), dan suplemen seng mungkin merupakan pengobatan yang efektif.<a href="#cite_note-pmid23567517-170">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penggunaan_topikal">Penggunaan topikal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan topikal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=28" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan topikal">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Seng_oksida#Kedokteran" title="Seng oksida">Seng oksida § Kedokteran</a></div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medikasi_topikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medikasi topikal (halaman belum tersedia)">Sediaan topikal</a> seng termasuk yang digunakan pada kulit, seringkali dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Seng_oksida" title="Seng oksida">seng oksida</a>. Sediaan seng dapat melindungi kulit dari <a href="/wiki/Bakaran_matahari" title="Bakaran matahari">sengatan matahari</a> di musim panas dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakaran_angin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakaran angin (halaman belum tersedia)">sengatan angin</a> di musim dingin.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p501-64">[63]</a> Dioleskan tipis pada area popok bayi (<a href="/wiki/Perineum" title="Perineum">perineum</a>) setiap kali mengganti popok, dapat melindungi bayi dari <a href="/wiki/Ruam_popok" title="Ruam popok">ruam popok</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p501-64">[63]</a> Seng yang dikelatkan digunakan dalam pasta gigi dan obat kumur untuk mencegah <a href="/wiki/Halitosis" title="Halitosis">bau mulut</a>; seng sitrat dapat membantu mengurangi pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Karang_gigi" title="Karang gigi">kalkulus</a> (karang gigi).<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Seng_pirition" title="Seng pirition">Seng pirition</a> banyak disertakan dalam sampo untuk mencegah ketombe.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> Seng topikal juga telah terbukti efektif mengobati, serta memperpanjang remisi pada <a href="/wiki/Herpes_genitali" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpes genitali">herpes genitali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peran_biologis">Peran biologis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Sunting bagian: Peran biologis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=29" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peran biologis">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Seng merupakan sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_kimia_renik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unsur kimia renik (halaman belum tersedia)">unsur renik</a> yang penting bagi manusia<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zinc_-_brain_disorders_2015_review-176">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zinc_&_sleep_2017_review-177">[174]</a> dan hewan lainnya,<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> untuk tanaman<a href="#cite_note-Broadley2007-103">[101]</a> serta untuk <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganisme" title="Mikroorganisme">mikroorganisme</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> Seng diperlukan untuk fungsi lebih dari 300 <a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">enzim</a> dan 1000 <a href="/wiki/Faktor_transkripsi" title="Faktor transkripsi">faktor transkripsi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Zinc_&_sleep_2017_review-177">[174]</a> dan disimpan serta ditransfer dalam <a href="/wiki/Metalotionein" title="Metalotionein">metalotionein</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton1999bio-180">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> Ia merupakan logam renik paling melimpah kedua pada manusia setelah besi dan merupakan satu-satunya logam yang muncul di semua <a href="/wiki/Enzim#Penggolongan_dan_penamaan" title="Enzim">kelas enzim</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Broadley2007-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zinc_&_sleep_2017_review-177">[174]</a> Dalam protein, ion seng sering dikoordinasikan dengan rantai samping asam amino dari <a href="/wiki/Asam_aspartat" title="Asam aspartat">asam aspartat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asam_glutamat" title="Asam glutamat">asam glutamat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sisteina" title="Sisteina">sisteina</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Histidina" title="Histidina">histidina</a>. Deskripsi teoretis dan komputasional dari pengikatan seng dalam protein (dan juga logam transisi lainnya) adalah sulit.<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> Kira-kira 2–4 gram seng<a href="#cite_note-Rink2000-183">[180]</a> didistribusikan ke seluruh tubuh manusia. Sebagian besar seng berada di otak, otot, tulang, ginjal, dan hati, dengan konsentrasi tertinggi di prostat dan beberapa bagian mata.<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_mani" title="Air mani">Air mani</a> sangatlah kaya akan seng, sebuah faktor kunci dalam fungsi <a href="/wiki/Prostat" title="Prostat">kelenjar prostat</a> dan pertumbuhan <a href="/wiki/Alat_kelamin" title="Alat kelamin">organ reproduksi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Berdanier2007-185">[182]</a> Homeostasis seng tubuh dikendalikan terutama oleh usus. Di sini, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC39A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC39A4 (halaman belum tersedia)">ZIP4</a> dan terutama <a href="/w/index.php?title=TRPM7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TRPM7 (halaman belum tersedia)">TRPM7</a> dikaitkan dengan penyerapan seng usus yang penting untuk kelangsungan hidup pascakelahiran.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> Pada manusia, peran biologis seng ada di mana-mana.<a href="#cite_note-Hambridge2007-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zinc_-_brain_disorders_2015_review-176">[173]</a> Ia berinteraksi dengan "berbagai <a href="/wiki/Ligan" title="Ligan">ligan</a> organik",<a href="#cite_note-Hambridge2007-10">[9]</a> dan memiliki peran dalam metabolisme RNA dan DNA, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transduksi_sinyal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transduksi sinyal (halaman belum tersedia)">transduksi sinyal</a>, serta <a href="/wiki/Ekspresi_gen" title="Ekspresi gen">ekspresi gen</a>. Ia juga mengatur <a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">apoptosis</a>. Sebuah tinjauan dari tahun 2015 menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 10% protein manusia (~3000) mengikat seng,<a href="#cite_note-pmid26055706-188">[185]</a> selain ratusan protein lainnya yang mengangkut seng; studi <a href="/w/index.php?title=In_silico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="In silico (halaman belum tersedia)">in silico</a> serupa pada tanaman <a href="/wiki/Arabidopsis_thaliana" title="Arabidopsis thaliana">Arabidopsis thaliana</a> menemukan 2367 protein terkait seng.<a href="#cite_note-Broadley2007-103">[101]</a> Di <a href="/wiki/Otak" title="Otak">otak</a>, seng disimpan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vesikel_sinaptik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vesikel sinaptik (halaman belum tersedia)">vesikel sinaptik</a> spesifik oleh <a href="/wiki/Sel_saraf" title="Sel saraf">neuron</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glutamatergik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glutamatergik (halaman belum tersedia)">glutamatergik</a> dan dapat memodulasi rangsangan saraf.<a href="#cite_note-Zinc_-_brain_disorders_2015_review-176">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zinc_&_sleep_2017_review-177">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bitanihirwe-189">[186]</a> Ia memainkan peran kunci dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plastisitas_sinaptik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plastisitas sinaptik (halaman belum tersedia)">plastisitas sinaptik</a> dan dalam pembelajaran.<a href="#cite_note-Zinc_-_brain_disorders_2015_review-176">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> <a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">Homeostasis</a> seng juga memainkan peran penting dalam regulasi fungsional <a href="/wiki/Sistem_saraf_pusat" title="Sistem saraf pusat">sistem saraf pusat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zinc_-_brain_disorders_2015_review-176">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zinc_&_sleep_2017_review-177">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bitanihirwe-189">[186]</a> Disregulasi homeostasis seng di sistem saraf pusat yang menghasilkan konsentrasi seng sinaptik yang berlebihan diyakini menginduksi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurotoksisitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neurotoksisitas (halaman belum tersedia)">neurotoksisitas</a> melalui stres oksidatif mitokondria (misalnya, dengan mengganggu enzim tertentu yang terlibat dalam <a href="/wiki/Rantai_transpor_elektron" title="Rantai transpor elektron">rantai transpor elektron</a>, termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=NADH_dehidrogenase_tipe_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NADH dehidrogenase tipe I (halaman belum tersedia)">kompleks I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koenzim_Q_%E2%80%93_sitokrom_c_reduktase" title="Koenzim Q – sitokrom c reduktase">kompleks III</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompleks_oksoglutarat_dehidrogenase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompleks oksoglutarat dehidrogenase (halaman belum tersedia)">α-ketoglutarat dehidrogenase</a>), disregulasi homeostasis kalsium, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksitotoksisitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksitotoksisitas (halaman belum tersedia)">eksitotoksisitas</a> neuron glutamatergik, dan interferensi dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transduksi_sinyal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transduksi sinyal (halaman belum tersedia)">transduksi sinyal</a> intraneuronal.<a href="#cite_note-Zinc_-_brain_disorders_2015_review-176">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid25265815-191">[188]</a> L- dan D-histidina memfasilitasi penyerapan seng otak.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC30A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC30A3 (halaman belum tersedia)">SLC30A3</a> adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keluarga_pembawa_zat_terlarut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keluarga pembawa zat terlarut (halaman belum tersedia)">pengangkut seng</a> utama yang terlibat dalam homeostasis seng serebral.<a href="#cite_note-Zinc_-_brain_disorders_2015_review-176">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enzim">Enzim</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Sunting bagian: Enzim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=30" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Enzim">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Carbonic_anhydrase.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Garis-garis yang saling berhubungan, sebagian besar berwarna kuning dan biru dengan beberapa segmen merah." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Carbonic_anhydrase.png/220px-Carbonic_anhydrase.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Carbonic_anhydrase.png/330px-Carbonic_anhydrase.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Carbonic_anhydrase.png/440px-Carbonic_anhydrase.png 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diagram_pita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diagram pita (halaman belum tersedia)">Diagram pita</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbonat_anhidrase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbonat anhidrase (halaman belum tersedia)">karbonat anhidrase</a> II manusia, dengan atom seng terlihat di tengah</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zinc_finger_rendered.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pita bengkok, dengan satu sisi berwarna biru dan sisi lain berwarna abu-abu. Kedua ujungnya terhubung melalui beberapa spesies kimia ke atom hijau (seng)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Zinc_finger_rendered.png/250px-Zinc_finger_rendered.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Zinc_finger_rendered.png/330px-Zinc_finger_rendered.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Zinc_finger_rendered.png/500px-Zinc_finger_rendered.png 2x" data-file-width="1420" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jari_seng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jari seng (halaman belum tersedia)">Jari seng</a> membantu membaca urutan DNA.</figcaption></figure> Seng merupakan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Asam_dan_basa_Lewis#Asam_Lewis" title="Asam dan basa Lewis">asam Lewis</a> yang efisien, membuatnya menjadi agen katalitik yang berguna dalam <a href="/wiki/Hidroksilasi" title="Hidroksilasi">hidroksilasi</a> dan reaksi enzimatik lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-DRI-193">[190]</a> Logam ini juga memiliki <a href="/wiki/Geometri_koordinasi" title="Geometri koordinasi">geometri koordinasi</a> yang fleksibel, yang memungkinkan protein menggunakannya untuk mengubah <a href="/wiki/Struktur_protein" title="Struktur protein">konformasi</a> dengan cepat untuk melakukan reaksi biologis.<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> Dua contoh enzim yang mengandung seng adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbonat_anhidrase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbonat anhidrase (halaman belum tersedia)">karbonat anhidrase</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karboksipeptidase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karboksipeptidase (halaman belum tersedia)">karboksipeptidase</a>, yang penting untuk proses <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> (CO2) regulasi dan pencernaan protein, masing-masing.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1224—1225-195">[192]</a> Dalam darah vertebrata, karbonat anhidrase mengubah CO2 menjadi bikarbonat dan enzim yang sama mengubah bikarbonat kembali menjadi CO2 untuk pernafasan melalui paru-paru.<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> Tanpa enzim ini, konversi ini akan terjadi sekitar satu juta kali lebih lambat<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1225-197">[194]</a> pada <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> darah normal 7 atau akan membutuhkan pH 10 atau lebih.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton1999p627-198">[195]</a> Karbonat anhidrase-β yang tidak terkait diperlukan pada tanaman untuk pembentukan daun, sintesis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indol-3-asam_asetat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indol-3-asam asetat (halaman belum tersedia)">asam asetat indol</a> (auksin) dan <a href="/wiki/Fermentasi_etanol" title="Fermentasi etanol">fermentasi alkohol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> Karboksipeptidase memotong ikatan peptida selama pencernaan protein. <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen_koordinasi" title="Ikatan kovalen koordinasi">Ikatan kovalen koordinasi</a> terbentuk antara peptida terminal dan gugus C=O yang terikat pada seng, yang memberikan karbon muatan positif. Hal ini membantu penciptaan kantong <a href="/wiki/Hidrofobik" title="Hidrofobik">hidrofobik</a> pada enzim di dekat seng, yang menarik bagian nonpolar dari protein yang dicerna.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1224—1225-195">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persinyalan">Persinyalan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Sunting bagian: Persinyalan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=31" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Persinyalan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Seng telah diakui sebagai kurir, mampu mengaktifkan jalur persinyalan. Banyak dari jalur ini memberikan kekuatan pendorong dalam pertumbuhan kanker yang menyimpang. Mereka dapat ditargetkan melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protein_pengangkut_seng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protein pengangkut seng (halaman belum tersedia)">pengangkut ZIP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protein_lainnya">Protein lainnya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Sunting bagian: Protein lainnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=32" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Protein lainnya">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Seng melayani peran struktural murni dalam tikungan, gugus, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jari_seng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jari seng (halaman belum tersedia)">jari seng</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton1997p628-201">[198]</a> Jari seng membentuk bagian dari beberapa <a href="/wiki/Faktor_transkripsi" title="Faktor transkripsi">faktor transkripsi</a>, yaitu protein yang mengenali <a href="/wiki/Pengurutan_DNA" title="Pengurutan DNA">pengurutan berbasis DNA</a> selama replikasi dan transkripsi <a href="/wiki/Asam_deoksiribonukleat" title="Asam deoksiribonukleat">DNA</a>. Masing-masing dari sembilan atau sepuluh ion Zn2+ dalam jari seng membantu mempertahankan struktur jari tersebut dengan mengikat secara terkoordinasi empat <a href="/wiki/Asam_amino" title="Asam amino">asam amino</a> dalam faktor transkripsi.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1997p1225-197">[194]</a> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Plasma_darah" title="Plasma darah">plasma darah</a>, seng terikat dan diangkut oleh <a href="/wiki/Albumin" title="Albumin">albumin</a> (60%, afinitas rendah) dan <a href="/wiki/Transferin" title="Transferin">transferin</a> (10%).<a href="#cite_note-Rink2000-183">[180]</a> Karena transferin juga mengangkut zat besi, zat besi yang berlebihan mengurangi penyerapan seng, dan sebaliknya. Sebuah antagonisme serupa ada dengan tembaga.<a href="#cite_note-Whitney2005-202">[199]</a> Konsentrasi seng dalam plasma darah tetap relatif konstan terlepas dari asupan seng.<a href="#cite_note-DRI-193">[190]</a> Sel-sel di kelenjar ludah, prostat, sistem kekebalan, dan usus menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Persinyalan_sel" title="Persinyalan sel">persinyalan seng</a> untuk berkomunikasi dengan sel lain.<a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a> Seng dapat disimpan dalam cadangan <a href="/wiki/Metalotionein" title="Metalotionein">metalotionein</a> dalam mikroorganisme atau di usus atau hati hewan.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton1999p629-204">[201]</a> Metalotionein dalam sel usus mampu mengatur penyerapan seng sebesar 15–40%.<a href="#cite_note-Blake2007-205">[202]</a> Namun, asupan seng yang tidak memadai atau berlebihan dapat menjadi berbahaya; kelebihan seng secara khusus mengganggu penyerapan tembaga karena metalotionein menyerap kedua logam tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-Fosmire1990-206">[203]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengangkut_dopamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengangkut dopamin (halaman belum tersedia)">Pengangkut dopamin</a> manusia mengandung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Situs_pengikatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Situs pengikatan (halaman belum tersedia)">situs pengikatan</a> seng ekstraseluler <a href="/wiki/Ligan_(biokimia)#Afinitas_pengikatan_reseptor/ligan" title="Ligan (biokimia)">afinitas tinggi</a> yang, pada pengikatan seng, menghambat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengambilan_kembali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengambilan kembali (halaman belum tersedia)">pengambilan kembali</a> dopamin dan memperkuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transpor_terbalik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transpor terbalik (halaman belum tersedia)">penghabisan dopamin</a> yang diinduksi <a href="/wiki/Amfetamin" title="Amfetamin">amfetamin</a> secara <a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zinc_binding_sites_+_ADHD_review-207">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-Review_-_cites_2002_amph-zinc_primary_study-208">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-Primary_2002_amph-zinc_study-209">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pengangkut_serotonin" title="Pengangkut serotonin">Pengangkut serotonin</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengangkut_norepinefrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengangkut norepinefrin (halaman belum tersedia)">pengangkut norepinefrin</a> manusia tidak mengandung tempat pengikatan seng.<a href="#cite_note-Primary_2002_amph-zinc_study-209">[206]</a> Beberapa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protein_pengikat_kalsium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protein pengikat kalsium (halaman belum tersedia)">protein pengikat kalsium</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangan_EF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangan EF (halaman belum tersedia)">tangan EF</a> seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protein_S100&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protein S100 (halaman belum tersedia)">S100</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protein_NCS-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protein NCS-1 (halaman belum tersedia)">NCS-1</a> juga mampu mengikat ion seng.<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrisi">Nutrisi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Sunting bagian: Nutrisi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=33" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Nutrisi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rekomendasi_diet">Rekomendasi diet</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Sunting bagian: Rekomendasi diet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=34" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rekomendasi diet">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademi_Kedokteran_Nasional_Amerika_Serikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademi Kedokteran Nasional Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">US National Academy of Medicine</a> (NAM) memperbarui Kebutuhan Perkiraan Rata-rata (Estimated Average Requirement, EAR) dan Angka Kecukupan Gizi (Recommended Dietary Allowance, RDA) untuk seng pada tahun 2001. EAR saat ini untuk seng untuk wanita dan pria berusia 14 tahun ke atas adalah masing-masing 6,8 dan 9,4 mg/hari. Untuk RDA-nya, yaitu 8 dan 11 mg/hari, masing-masing. Nilai RDA lebih tinggi dari EAR adalah untuk mengidentifikasi jumlah yang akan mencakup orang-orang dengan persyaratan yang lebih tinggi dari rata-rata. RDA untuk kehamilan adalah 11 mg/hari. RDA untuk laktasi adalah 12 mg/hari. Untuk bayi hingga 12 bulan, RDA mereka adalah 3 mg/hari. Untuk anak-anak usia 1–13 tahun, RDA mereka meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia, dari 3 hingga 8 mg/hari. Untuk keamanan, NAM menetapkan <a href="/wiki/Asupan_Referensi_Diet#Batas_Atas_Asupan" title="Asupan Referensi Diet">Batas Atas Asupan</a> (upper level, UL) untuk vitamin dan mineral jika buktinya cukup. Dalam kasus seng, UL dewasa adalah 40 mg/hari (lebih rendah untuk anak-anak). Secara kolektif, EAR, RDA, AI, dan UL disebut sebagai <a href="/wiki/Asupan_Referensi_Diet" title="Asupan Referensi Diet">Asupan Referensi Diet</a> (Dietary Reference Intake, DRI).<a href="#cite_note-DRI-193">[190]</a> <a href="/wiki/Otoritas_Keamanan_Makanan_Eropa" title="Otoritas Keamanan Makanan Eropa">European Food Safety Authority</a> (EFSA) mengacu pada kumpulan informasi sebagai Nilai Referensi Diet (Dietary Reference Values), dengan Asupan Referensi Populasi (Population Reference Intake, PRI) sebagai ganti RDA, dan Persyaratan Rata-rata (Average Requirement) sebagai ganti EAR. AI dan UL didefinisikan sama seperti di Amerika Serikat. Untuk orang berusia 18 tahun ke atas, perhitungan PRI menjadi rumit, karena EFSA telah menetapkan nilai yang lebih tinggi dan lebih tinggi seiring dengan peningkatan kandungan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_fitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam fitat (halaman belum tersedia)">fitat</a> dari makanan. Untuk wanita, PRI meningkat dari 7,5 menjadi 12,7 mg/hari karena asupan fitat meningkat dari 300 menjadi 1200 mg/hari; untuk pria kisarannya adalah 9,4 hingga 16,3 mg/hari. PRI ini lebih tinggi daripada RDA AS.<a href="#cite_note-EFSA-211">[208]</a> EFSA meninjau pertanyaan keamanan yang sama dan menetapkan UL-nya pada 25 mg/hari, yang jauh lebih rendah daripada nilai AS.<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> Untuk tujuan pelabelan makanan dan suplemen makanan AS, jumlah dalam satu porsi dinyatakan sebagai persen Nilai Harian (%DV). Untuk tujuan pelabelan seng, 100% Nilai Harian adalah 15 mg, tetapi pada 27 Mei 2016, nilai ini direvisi menjadi 11 mg.<a href="#cite_note-FedReg-213">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> Tabel nilai harian dewasa lama dan baru disediakan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Referensi_Asupan_Harian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Referensi Asupan Harian (halaman belum tersedia)">Referensi Asupan Harian</a> (Reference Daily Intake, RDI). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asupan_makanan">Asupan makanan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Sunting bagian: Asupan makanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=35" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Asupan makanan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Foodstuff-containing-Zinc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Beberapa piring penuh dengan berbagai sereal, buah-buahan dan sayuran di atas meja." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Foodstuff-containing-Zinc.jpg/170px-Foodstuff-containing-Zinc.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Foodstuff-containing-Zinc.jpg/255px-Foodstuff-containing-Zinc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Foodstuff-containing-Zinc.jpg/340px-Foodstuff-containing-Zinc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="969" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Asupan_Referensi_Diet#Angka_Kecukupan_Gizi" title="Asupan Referensi Diet">Makanan dan rempah-rempah</a> yang mengandung seng</figcaption></figure> Produk hewani seperti daging, ikan, kerang, unggas, telur, dan susu mengandung seng. Konsentrasi seng dalam tanaman bervariasi dengan tingkat seng di dalam tanah. Dengan kandungan seng yang cukup di dalam tanah, tanaman pangan yang paling banyak mengandung seng adalah gandum (kuman sereal dan bekatul) dan berbagai biji-bijian lainnya, seperti <a href="/wiki/Wijen" title="Wijen">wijen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popi" title="Popi">popi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfalfa" title="Alfalfa">alfalfa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seledri" title="Seledri">seledri</a>, serta <a href="/wiki/Moster" title="Moster">moster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ensminger1993-215">[212]</a> Seng juga ditemukan dalam <a href="/wiki/Kacang" title="Kacang">kacang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buah_geluk" title="Buah geluk">geluk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badam" title="Badam">badam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serealia_utuh" title="Serealia utuh">serealia utuh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biji_labu" title="Biji labu">biji labu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biji_bunga_matahari" title="Biji bunga matahari">biji bunga matahari</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Anggur_hitam" class="mw-redirect" title="Anggur hitam">anggur hitam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USDA_Zn-216">[213]</a> Sumber lainnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Fortifikasi_pangan" title="Fortifikasi pangan">makanan yang difortifikasi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Suplemen_makanan" title="Suplemen makanan">suplemen makanan</a> dalam berbagai bentuk. Sebuah tinjauan tahun 1998 menyimpulkan bahwa seng oksida, salah satu suplemen yang paling umum di Amerika Serikat, dan seng karbonat hampir tidak larut dan kurang diserap dalam tubuh.<a href="#cite_note-Allen1998-217">[214]</a> Tinjauan ini mengutip studi yang menemukan konsentrasi seng plasma lebih rendah pada subjek yang mengonsumsi seng oksida dan seng karbonat dibandingkan mereka yang mengonsumsi seng asetat dan garam sulfat.<a href="#cite_note-Allen1998-217">[214]</a> Untuk fortifikasi, bagaimanapun, tinjauan tahun 2003 merekomendasikan sereal (yang mengandung seng oksida) sebagai sumber yang murah dan stabil yang mudah diserap seperti bentuk yang lebih mahal.<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> Sebuah studi tahun 2005 menemukan bahwa berbagai senyawa seng, termasuk oksida dan sulfat, tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik dalam penyerapan ketika ditambahkan sebagai fortifikan pada tortilla jagung.<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kekurangan_seng">Kekurangan seng</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Sunting bagian: Kekurangan seng" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=36" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kekurangan seng">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kekurangan_seng" title="Kekurangan seng">Kekurangan seng</a></div> Hampir dua miliar orang di negara berkembang kekurangan seng. Kelompok yang paling berisiko adalah anak-anak di negara berkembang dan orang tua dengan penyakit kronis.<a href="#cite_note-Prasad2003-11">[10]</a> Pada anak-anak, kekurangan seng akan menyebabkan peningkatan infeksi dan diare dan berkontribusi pada kematian sekitar 800.000 anak di seluruh dunia per tahun.<a href="#cite_note-Hambridge2007-10">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Kesehatan_Dunia" title="Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia">World Health Organization</a> menganjurkan suplementasi seng untuk malnutrisi parah dan diare.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2007-220">[217]</a> Suplemen seng membantu mencegah penyakit dan mengurangi kematian, terutama di antara anak-anak dengan berat badan lahir rendah atau pertumbuhan terhambat.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2007-220">[217]</a> Namun, suplemen seng tidak boleh diberikan sendiri, karena banyak di negara berkembang memiliki beberapa kekurangan, dan seng berinteraksi dengan zat gizi mikro lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> Walaupun kekurangan seng biasanya karena asupan makanan yang tidak mencukupi, ia dapat dikaitkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Malabsorpsi" title="Malabsorpsi">malabsorpsi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acrodermatitis_enteropathica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acrodermatitis enteropathica (halaman belum tersedia)">acrodermatitis enteropathica</a>, penyakit hati kronis, penyakit ginjal kronis, penyakit sel sabit, diabetes, maligna, dan penyakit kronis lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-Prasad2003-11">[10]</a> Di Amerika Serikat, survei federal mengenai konsumsi makanan menentukan bahwa untuk wanita dan pria di atas usia 19 tahun, konsumsi rata-rata adalah masing-masing 9,7 dan 14,2 mg/hari. Untuk wanita, 17% mengonsumsi kurang dari EAR, untuk pria 11%. Persentase di bawah EAR meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia.<a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a> Pembaruan survei terbaru yang diterbitkan (NHANES 2013–2014) melaporkan rata-rata yang lebih rendah – 9,3 dan 13,2 mg/hari – lagi-lagi dengan asupan yang menurun seiring bertambahnya usia.<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> Gejala defisiensi seng ringan cukup beragam.<a href="#cite_note-DRI-193">[190]</a> Hasil klinis termasuk pertumbuhan tertekan, diare, impotensi dan pematangan seksual tertunda, <a href="/wiki/Rambut_rontok" title="Rambut rontok">rambut rontok</a>, lesi mata dan kulit, nafsu makan terganggu, kognisi berubah, gangguan fungsi kekebalan tubuh, cacat pemanfaatan karbohidrat, dan <a href="/wiki/Teratologi" title="Teratologi">teratogenesis</a> reproduksi.<a href="#cite_note-DRI-193">[190]</a> Kekurangan seng akan menekan kekebalan,<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a> tetapi kelebihan seng juga dapat menekan kekebalan.<a href="#cite_note-Rink2000-183">[180]</a> Terlepas dari beberapa kekhawatiran,<a href="#cite_note-Canada_2003-225">[222]</a> vegetarian dan vegan barat tidak menderita kekurangan seng lebih banyak daripada pemakan daging.<a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> Sumber tanaman utama seng termasuk kacang kering yang dimasak, sayuran laut, sereal yang difortifikasi, makanan kedelai, kacang-kacangan, kacang polong, dan biji-bijian.<a href="#cite_note-Canada_2003-225">[222]</a> Namun, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_fitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam fitat (halaman belum tersedia)">fitat</a> dalam banyak biji-bijian dan serat dapat mengganggu penyerapan seng dan asupan seng marginal memiliki efek yang kurang dipahami. Fitat <a href="/wiki/Pengelatan" title="Pengelatan">pengelat</a> seng, yang ditemukan dalam biji-bijian dan <a href="/wiki/Bekatul" title="Bekatul">bekatul</a> <a href="/wiki/Serealia" title="Serealia">sereal</a>, dapat menyebabkan malabsorpsi seng.<a href="#cite_note-Prasad2003-11">[10]</a> Beberapa bukti menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari RDA AS (8 mg/hari untuk wanita dewasa; 11 mg/hari untuk pria dewasa) mungkin diperlukan pada mereka yang dietnya tinggi fitat, seperti beberapa vegetarian.<a href="#cite_note-Canada_2003-225">[222]</a> <a href="/wiki/Otoritas_Keamanan_Makanan_Eropa" title="Otoritas Keamanan Makanan Eropa">European Food Safety Authority</a> (EFSA) mencoba untuk mengompensasi hal ini dengan merekomendasikan asupan seng yang lebih tinggi ketika asupan makanan fitat lebih besar.<a href="#cite_note-EFSA-211">[208]</a> Pertimbangan ini harus diimbangi dengan kekurangan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biomarker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biomarker (halaman belum tersedia)">biomarker</a> seng yang memadai, dan indikator yang paling banyak digunakan, seng plasma, memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensitivitas_dan_spesifisitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas (halaman belum tersedia)">sensitivitas dan spesifisitas</a> yang buruk.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remediasi_tanah">Remediasi tanah</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Sunting bagian: Remediasi tanah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=37" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Remediasi tanah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Spesies <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calluna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calluna (halaman belum tersedia)">Calluna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erica" title="Erica">Erica</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Vaccinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaccinium">Vaccinium</a> dapat tumbuh di tanah logam-seng, karena translokasi ion beracun dicegah oleh aksi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikoriza_erikoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikoriza erikoid (halaman belum tersedia)">jamur mikoriza erikoid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agrikultur">Agrikultur</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Sunting bagian: Agrikultur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=38" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agrikultur">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kekurangan seng tampaknya merupakan defisiensi mikronutrien yang paling umum pada tanaman pangan; hal ini sangat umum di tanah dengan pH tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah">Tanah</a> yang kekurangan seng <a href="/wiki/Pengolahan_tanah" title="Pengolahan tanah">dibudidayakan</a> di lahan pertanian sekitar setengah dari Turki dan India, sepertiga dari Tiongkok, dan sebagian besar Australia Barat. Respon substansial terhadap pemupukan seng telah dilaporkan di area-area ini.<a href="#cite_note-Broadley2007-103">[101]</a> Tanaman yang tumbuh di tanah yang kekurangan seng lebih rentan terhadap penyakit. Seng ditambahkan ke tanah terutama melalui pelapukan batuan, tetapi manusia telah menambahkan seng melalui pembakaran bahan bakar fosil, limbah tambang, pupuk fosfat, pestisida (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_fosfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng fosfida (halaman belum tersedia)">seng fosfida</a>), batu gamping, pupuk kandang, lumpur limbah, dan partikel dari permukaan tergalvanisasi. Kelebihan seng dapat menjadi racun bagi tanaman, meskipun toksisitas seng jauh lebih jarang terjadi.<a href="#cite_note-Broadley2007-103">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tindakan_pencegahan">Tindakan pencegahan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Sunting bagian: Tindakan pencegahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=39" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tindakan pencegahan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toksisitas">Toksisitas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Sunting bagian: Toksisitas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=40" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Toksisitas">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Meskipun seng merupakan persyaratan penting untuk kesehatan yang baik, kelebihan seng dapat menjadi berbahaya. Penyerapan seng yang berlebihan menekan penyerapan tembaga dan besi.<a href="#cite_note-Fosmire1990-206">[203]</a> Ion seng bebas dalam larutan sangat beracun bagi tanaman, invertebrata, dan bahkan ikan vertebrata.<a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a> Model Aktivitas Ion Bebas sudah mapan dalam literatur, dan menunjukkan bahwa hanya sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mikromolar</a> dari ion bebas yang membunuh beberapa organisme. Contoh terbaru menunjukkan 6 mikromolar membunuh 93% dari semua <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daphnia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daphnia (halaman belum tersedia)">Daphnia</a> dalam air.<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> Ion seng bebas adalah <a href="/wiki/Asam_dan_basa_Lewis#Asam_Lewis" title="Asam dan basa Lewis">asam Lewis</a> yang kuat hingga bersifat <a href="/wiki/Korosif" title="Korosif">korosif</a>. Asam lambung mengandung <a href="/wiki/Asam_klorida" title="Asam klorida">asam klorida</a>, di mana seng logam mudah larut untuk menghasilkan seng klorida yang korosif. Menelan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sen_(koin_Amerika_Serikat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sen (koin Amerika Serikat) (halaman belum tersedia)">koin satu sen</a> Amerika pasca-1982 (97,5% seng) dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada lapisan perut melalui kelarutan tinggi ion seng dalam perut asam.<a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a> Bukti menunjukkan bahwa orang yang mengonsumsi 100–300 mg seng setiap hari dapat menderita <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekurangan_tembaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekurangan tembaga (halaman belum tersedia)">kekurangan tembaga</a> yang diinduksi. Sebuah percobaan tahun 2007 mengamati bahwa pria lanjut usia yang mengonsumsi 80 mg setiap hari lebih sering dirawat di rumah sakit karena komplikasi saluran kemih daripada mereka yang menggunakan plasebo.<a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a> Tingkat 100–300 mg dapat mengganggu pemanfaatan tembaga dan besi atau mempengaruhi kolesterol.<a href="#cite_note-Fosmire1990-206">[203]</a> Seng lebih dari 500 ppm di tanah mengganggu penyerapan tanaman dari logam esensial lainnya, seperti besi dan mangan.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p504-104">[102]</a> Suatu kondisi yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demam_asap_logam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demam asap logam (halaman belum tersedia)">seng getar</a> atau "seng dingin" dapat disebabkan oleh menghirup asap seng saat <a href="/wiki/Patri" title="Patri">mematri</a> atau mengelas bahan tergalvanisasi.<a href="#cite_note-CRCp4-42-137">[134]</a> Seng merupakan bahan yang umum dalam krim <a href="/wiki/Gigi_palsu" title="Gigi palsu">gigi palsu</a> yang mungkin mengandung antara 17 dan 38 mg seng per gram. Cacat dan bahkan kematian akibat penggunaan produk ini secara berlebihan telah diklaim.<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a> <a href="/wiki/Badan_Pengawas_Obat_dan_Makanan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Amerika Serikat">US Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) menyatakan bahwa seng dapat merusak reseptor saraf di hidung, menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Anosmia" title="Anosmia">anosmia</a>. Laporan anosmia juga teramati pada 1930-an ketika persiapan seng digunakan dalam upaya yang gagal untuk mencegah infeksi <a href="/wiki/Poliomielitis" title="Poliomielitis">polio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a> Pada 16 Juni 2009, FDA memerintahkan penghapusan produk dingin intranasal berbasis seng dari rak-rak toko. FDA mengatakan hilangnya penciuman dapat mengancam jiwa karena orang dengan gangguan penciuman tidak dapat mendeteksi kebocoran gas atau asap, dan tidak dapat mengetahui apakah makanan telah rusak sebelum mereka memakannya.<a href="#cite_note-LAT-236">[233]</a> Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa seng pirition antimikroba topikal adalah penginduksi respon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Respon_kejutan_panas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Respon kejutan panas (halaman belum tersedia)">kejutan panas</a> yang kuat yang dapat merusak integritas genom dengan induksi krisis energi yang bergantung pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poli_(ADP-ribosa)_polimerase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poli (ADP-ribosa) polimerase (halaman belum tersedia)">PARP</a> pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keratinosit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keratinosit (halaman belum tersedia)">keratinosit</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Melanosit" title="Melanosit">melanosit</a> manusia yang dikultur.<a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keracunan">Keracunan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Sunting bagian: Keracunan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=41" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Keracunan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Pada tahun 1982, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">US Mint</a> mulai mencetak uang logam berlapis tembaga tetapi mengandung terutama seng. Uang seng menimbulkan risiko toksikosis seng, yang dapat berakibat fatal. Satu kasus yang dilaporkan dari konsumsi kronis 425 sen (lebih dari 1 kg seng) mengakibatkan kematian karena <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a> bakteri dan jamur gastrointestinal. Pasien lain yang menelan 12 gram seng hanya menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Letargi" title="Letargi">letargi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ataksia" title="Ataksia">ataksia</a> (kurangnya koordinasi gerakan otot).<a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a> Beberapa kasus lain telah dilaporkan mengenai manusia yang menderita keracunan seng karena menelan koin seng.<a href="#cite_note-239">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[237]</a> Uang receh dan koin kecil lainnya terkadang tertelan oleh anjing, sehingga benda asing tersebut harus dikeluarkan oleh dokter hewan. Kandungan seng dari beberapa koin dapat menyebabkan keracunan seng, umumnya berakibat fatal pada anjing melalui <a href="/wiki/Anemia_hemolitik" title="Anemia hemolitik">anemia hemolitik</a> parah dan kerusakan hati atau ginjal; muntah dan diare adalah gejala yang mungkin terjadi.<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a> Seng sangat beracun pada <a href="/wiki/Bayan_(burung)" title="Bayan (burung)">burung bayan</a> dan keracunan seringkali dapat berakibat fatal.<a href="#cite_note-242">[239]</a> Konsumsi jus buah yang disimpan dalam kaleng tergalvanisasi telah mengakibatkan keracunan massal burung bayan akibat adanya kandungan seng.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley2001p501-64">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=42" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_negara_menurut_produksi_seng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar negara menurut produksi seng (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar negara menurut produksi seng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spelter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spelter (halaman belum tersedia)">Spelter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karat_putih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karat putih (halaman belum tersedia)">Karat putih</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrogalvanisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrogalvanisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Elektrogalvanisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demam_asap_logam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demam asap logam (halaman belum tersedia)">Demam asap logam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piotr_Steinkeller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piotr Steinkeller (halaman belum tersedia)">Piotr Steinkeller</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=43" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Unsur-unsur tersebut berasal dari golongan logam yang berbeda. Lihat <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Sebuah kapal <a href="/wiki/Perusahaan_Hindia_Timur_Britania" class="mw-redirect" title="Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania">Perusahaan Hindia Timur Britania</a> yang membawa muatan logam seng hampir murni dari Timur tenggelam di lepas pantai <a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a> pada tahun 1745.(<a href="#CITEREFEmsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, hlm. 502) </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Arus listrik secara alami akan mengalir antara seng dan baja tetapi dalam beberapa keadaan anodr lengai digunakan dengan sumber DC eksternal. </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Sunting bagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=44" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rujukan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> (Indonesia) <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/seng">"Seng"</a>. KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KBBI+Daring&rft.atitle=Seng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2Fseng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. hlm. E110. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0464-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0464-4">0-8493-0464-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=E110&rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Thornton, C. P. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093433/http://www.safarmer.com/Indo-Eurasian/Brass2007.pdf">Of brass and bronze in prehistoric Southwest Asia</a> (PDF). Papers and Lectures Online. Archetype Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-904982-19-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-904982-19-7">978-1-904982-19-7</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.safarmer.com/Indo-Eurasian/Brass2007.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Of+brass+and+bronze+in+prehistoric+Southwest+Asia&rft.pub=Archetype+Publications&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-904982-19-7&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=C.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.safarmer.com%2FIndo-Eurasian%2FBrass2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p1201-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p1201_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p1201_5-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997">Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997</a>, hlm. 1201 </li> <li id="cite_note-jas5-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jas5_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jas5_6-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Craddock, Paul T. 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Journal of Archaeological Science. 5 (1): 1–16. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0305-4403%2878%2990015-8">10.1016/0305-4403(78)90015-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=The+composition+of+copper+alloys+used+by+the+Greek%2C+Etruscan+and+Roman+civilizations.+The+origins+and+early+use+of+brass&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-16&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0305-4403%2878%2990015-8&rft.aulast=Craddock&rft.aufirst=Paul+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170711095949/http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/30/zinc">"Zinc - Royal Society Of Chemistry"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/30/zinc">versi asli</a> tanggal 11 Juli 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zinc+-+Royal+Society+Of+Chemistry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rsc.org%2Fperiodic-table%2Felement%2F30%2Fzinc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516192708/http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/t_es/t_es_agraw_zinc_frameset.htm">"India Was the First to Smelt Zinc by Distillation Process"</a>. Infinityfoundation.com. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/t_es/t_es_agraw_zinc_frameset.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 Mei 2016. Diakses tanggal 26 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+Was+the+First+to+Smelt+Zinc+by+Distillation+Process&rft.pub=Infinityfoundation.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infinityfoundation.com%2Fmandala%2Ft_es%2Ft_es_agraw_zinc_frameset.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Kharakwal, J. S.; Gurjar, L. K. (1 Desember 2006). "Zinc and Brass in Archaeological Perspective". Ancient Asia. 1: 139–159. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5334%2Faa.06112">10.5334/aa.06112</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ancient+Asia&rft.atitle=Zinc+and+Brass+in+Archaeological+Perspective&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=139-159&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5334%2Faa.06112&rft.au=Kharakwal%2C+J.+S.&rft.au=Gurjar%2C+L.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|name-list-style=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Hambridge2007-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hambridge2007_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hambridge2007_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hambridge2007_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hambridge2007_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hambridge2007_10-4">e</a> <cite class="citation journal">Hambidge, K. M.; Krebs, N. F. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-nutrition_2007-04_137_4/page/1101">"Zinc deficiency: a special challenge"</a>. J. Nutr. 137 (4): 1101–5. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjn%2F137.4.1101">10.1093/jn/137.4.1101</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17374687">17374687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Nutr.&rft.atitle=Zinc+deficiency%3A+a+special+challenge&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1101-5&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjn%2F137.4.1101&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17374687&rft.au=Hambidge%2C+K.+M.&rft.au=Krebs%2C+N.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-nutrition_2007-04_137_4%2Fpage%2F1101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|name-list-style=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Prasad2003-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prasad2003_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prasad2003_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prasad2003_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prasad2003_11-3">d</a> <cite class="citation journal">Prasad, AS (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1125304">"Zinc deficiency : Has been known of for 40 years but ignored by global health organisations"</a>. British Medical Journal. 326 (7386): 409–410. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.326.7386.409">10.1136/bmj.326.7386.409</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1125304">1125304</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12595353">12595353</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Zinc+deficiency+%3A+Has+been+known+of+for+40+years+but+ignored+by+global+health+organisations&rft.volume=326&rft.issue=7386&rft.pages=409-410&rft.date=2003&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1125304&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12595353&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.326.7386.409&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=AS&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1125304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Maret, Wolfgang (2013). 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Diakses tanggal 26 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Useful+Metals+and+Their+Alloys&rft.pages=591-603&rft.pub=Houlston+and+Wright&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Scoffern&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSSkKAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ZincMetalProps-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZincMetalProps_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZincMetalProps_17-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150328205508/http://www.galvanizeit.org/design-and-fabrication/design-considerations/zinc-metal-properties">"Zinc Metal Properties"</a>. American Galvanizers Association. 2008. 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Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 1034–1041. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-11-007511-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-11-007511-3">978-3-11-007511-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zink&rft.btitle=Lehrbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.pages=1034-1041&rft.edition=91%E2%80%93100&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-3-11-007511-3&rft.aulast=Holleman&rft.aufirst=Arnold+F.&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Egon&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Nils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Hinds, John Iredelle Dillard (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xMUMAAAAYAAJ">Inorganic Chemistry: With the Elements of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry</a> (edisi ke-2). 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Journal of the American Chemical Society. 134 (20): 8400–8403. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja3029119">10.1021/ja3029119</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22559713">22559713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Zn+in+the+%2BIII+Oxidation+State&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=8400-8403&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja3029119&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22559713&rft.aulast=Samanta&rft.aufirst=Devleena&rft.au=Jena%2C+Puru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.acs.org%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1021%2Fja3029119%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Schlöder, Tobias; et al. 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Journal of the American Chemical Society. 134 (29): 11977–11979. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja3052409">10.1021/ja3052409</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22775535">22775535</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Can+Zinc+Really+Exist+in+Its+Oxidation+State+%2BIII%3F&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=29&rft.pages=11977-11979&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja3052409&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22775535&rft.aulast=Schl%C3%B6der&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.acs.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1021%2Fja3052409%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Fang, Hong; Banjade, Huta; Deepika; Jena, Puru (2021). 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Nanoscale. 13 (33): 14041–14048. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FD1NR02816B">10.1039/D1NR02816B</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34477685">34477685</a> Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|pmid=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_pmid" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nanoscale&rft.atitle=Realization+of+the+Zn3%2B+oxidation+state&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=33&rft.pages=14041-14048&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FD1NR02816B&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34477685&rft.aulast=Fang&rft.aufirst=Hong&rft.au=Banjade%2C+Huta&rft.au=Deepika&rft.au=Jena%2C+Puru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p1206-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p1206_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p1206_45-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997">Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997</a>, hlm. 1206 </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCRC2006">CRC 2006</a>, hlm. 12–11–12 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Housecroft, C. 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Diakses tanggal 28 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zinc+Sulfide&rft.pub=American+Elements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanelements.com%2Fznsu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YgI4E7w5JI8C">Academic American Encyclopedia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Danbury,_Connecticut" title="Danbury, Connecticut">Danbury, Connecticut</a>: Grolier Inc. 1994. hlm. 202. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7172-2053-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7172-2053-3">978-0-7172-2053-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Academic+American+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Danbury%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Grolier+Inc.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7172-2053-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYgI4E7w5JI8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120717120313/http://www.americanelements.com/znp.html">"Zinc Phosphide"</a>. 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Kessinger Publishing. hlm. 409. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7661-3197-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7661-3197-2">978-0-7661-3197-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georgius+Agricola+de+Re+Metallica&rft.pages=409&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7661-3197-2&rft.aulast=Hoover&rft.aufirst=Herbert+Clark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Gerhartz, Wolfgang; et al. (1996). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (edisi ke-5). 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Diakses tanggal 28 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transition+Metal+Elements&rft.au=Castellani%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.marshall.edu%2Fcastella%2Fchm448%2Felements3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Habib, Irfan (2011). Chatopadhyaya, D. P., ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414222551/https://books.google.com/books?id=K8kO4J3mXUAC&pg=PA86">Economic History of Medieval India, 1200–1500</a>. 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CRC Press. hlm. 71. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8493-9163-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8493-9163-7">978-0-8493-9163-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedic+Dictionary+of+Named+Processes+in+Chemical+Technology&rft.pages=71&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-9163-7&rft.aulast=Comyns&rft.aufirst=Alan+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJlq-ckWvQSQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Marggraf (1746). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015026296437&view=1up&seq=93">"Experiences sur la maniere de tirer le Zinc de sa veritable miniere, c'est à dire, de la pierre calaminaire"</a> [Experiments on a way of extracting zinc from its true mineral; i.e., the stone calamine]. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116590371844647445">versi asli</a> tanggal 26 Januari 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Zinifex%2C+Umicore+Combine+to+Form+Top+Zinc+Maker&rft.date=2006-02-13&rft.aulast=Attwood&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB116590371844647445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111021135539/http://www.zincworld.org/recycling.html">"Zinc Recycling"</a>. 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Environmental Geology. 27 (1): 1–15. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996EnGeo..27....1K">1996EnGeo..27....1K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00770598">10.1007/BF00770598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Geology&rft.atitle=Primary+minerals+of+Zn-Pb+mining+and+metallurgical+dumps+and+their+environmental+behavior+at+Plombi%C3%A8res%2C+Belgium&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-15&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00770598&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996EnGeo..27....1K&rft.aulast=Kucha&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Martens%2C+A.&rft.au=Ottenburgs%2C+R.&rft.au=De+Vos%2C+W.&rft.au=Viaene%2C+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_environmental-geology_1996-02_27_1%2Fpage%2Fn2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Broadley2007-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Broadley2007_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Broadley2007_103-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Broadley2007_103-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Broadley2007_103-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Broadley2007_103-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Broadley2007_103-5">f</a> <cite class="citation journal">Broadley, M. 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Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Zinc+Works&rft.pub=TChange&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tchange.com.au%2Fresources%2Fzinifex_smelter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-yb2006-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGS-yb2006_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS-yb2006_108-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS-yb2006_108-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608154555/http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zinc/myb1-2009-zinc.pdf">"Zinc: World Mine Production (zinc content of concentrate) by Country"</a> (PDF). 2009 Minerals Yearbook: Zinc. 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Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2009+Minerals+Yearbook%3A+Zinc&rft.atitle=Zinc%3A+World+Mine+Production+%28zinc+content+of+concentrate%29+by+Country&rft.date=2010-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fzinc%2Fmyb1-2009-zinc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p1203-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p1203_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997">Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997</a>, hlm. 1203 </li> <li id="cite_note-Stwertka1998p99-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stwertka1998p99_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stwertka1998p99_110-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFStwertka1998">Stwertka 1998</a>, hlm. 99 </li> <li id="cite_note-Lehto1968p829-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lehto1968p829_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lehto1968p829_111-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lehto1968p829_111-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lehto1968p829_111-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lehto1968p829_111-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lehto1968p829_111-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lehto1968p829_111-6">g</a> <a href="#CITEREFLehto1968">Lehto 1968</a>, hlm. 829 </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley2001p503-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley2001p503_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley2001p503_112-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEmsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, hlm. 503 </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bounoughaz, M.; Salhi, E.; Benzine, K.; Ghali E.; Dalard F. 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Journal of Materials Science. 38 (6): 1139–1145. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JMatS..38.1139B">2003JMatS..38.1139B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1022824813564">10.1023/A:1022824813564</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Materials+Science&rft.atitle=A+comparative+study+of+the+electrochemical+behaviour+of+Algerian+zinc+and+a+zinc+from+a+commercial+sacrificial+anode&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1139-1145&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1022824813564&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003JMatS..38.1139B&rft.aulast=Bounoughaz&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Salhi%2C+E.&rft.au=Benzine%2C+K.&rft.au=Ghali+E.&rft.au=Dalard+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Besenhard, Jürgen O. (1999). Handbook of Battery Materials. Wiley-VCH. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999hbm..book.....B">1999hbm..book.....B</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-527-29469-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-527-29469-5">978-3-527-29469-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Battery+Materials&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999hbm..book.....B&rft.isbn=978-3-527-29469-5&rft.aulast=Besenhard&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Wiaux, J.-P.; Waefler, J. -P. (1995). "Recycling zinc batteries: an economical challenge in consumer waste management". Journal of Power Sources. 57 (1–2): 61–65. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995JPS....57...61W">1995JPS....57...61W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0378-7753%2895%2902242-2">10.1016/0378-7753(95)02242-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Power+Sources&rft.atitle=Recycling+zinc+batteries%3A+an+economical+challenge+in+consumer+waste+management&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=61-65&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0378-7753%2895%2902242-2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1995JPS....57...61W&rft.aulast=Wiaux&rft.aufirst=J.-P.&rft.au=Waefler%2C+J.+-P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Culter, T. (1996). "A design guide for rechargeable zinc–air battery technology". Southcon/96. Conference Record. hlm. 616. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FSOUTHC.1996.535134">10.1109/SOUTHC.1996.535134</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7803-3268-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7803-3268-3">978-0-7803-3268-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+design+guide+for+rechargeable+zinc%E2%80%93air+battery+technology&rft.btitle=Southcon%2F96.+Conference+Record&rft.pages=616&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FSOUTHC.1996.535134&rft.isbn=978-0-7803-3268-3&rft.aulast=Culter&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Whartman, Jonathan; Brown, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060312003601/http://www.electric-fuel.com/evtech/papers/paper11-1-98.pdf">"Zinc Air Battery-Battery Hybrid for Powering Electric Scooters and Electric Buses"</a> (PDF). The 15th International Electric Vehicle Symposium. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.electric-fuel.com/evtech/papers/paper11-1-98.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 12 Maret 2006. Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zinc+Air+Battery-Battery+Hybrid+for+Powering+Electric+Scooters+and+Electric+Buses&rft.pub=The+15th+International+Electric+Vehicle+Symposium&rft.aulast=Whartman&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Brown%2C+Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.electric-fuel.com%2Fevtech%2Fpapers%2Fpaper11-1-98.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Cooper, J. F.; Fleming, D.; Hargrove, D.; Koopman, R.; Peterman, K (1995). "A refuelable zinc/air battery for fleet electric vehicle propulsion". NASA Sti/Recon Technical Report N. Society of Automotive Engineers future transportation technology conference and exposition. 96: 11394. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995STIN...9611394C">1995STIN...9611394C</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Scientific_and_Technical_Information&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Scientific and Technical Information (halaman belum tersedia)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=82465">82465</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NASA+Sti%2FRecon+Technical+Report+N&rft.atitle=A+refuelable+zinc%2Fair+battery+for+fleet+electric+vehicle+propulsion&rft.volume=96&rft.pages=11394&rft.date=1995&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fenergycitations%2Fproduct.biblio.jsp%3Fosti_id%3D82465&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1995STIN...9611394C&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=J.+F.&rft.au=Fleming%2C+D.&rft.au=Hargrove%2C+D.&rft.au=Koopman%2C+R.&rft.au=Peterman%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Xie1-120"><a href="#cite_ref-Xie1_120-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Xie, Z.; Liu, Q.; Chang, Z.; Zhang, X. (2013). "The developments and challenges of cerium half-cell in zinc–cerium redox flow battery for energy storage". Electrochimica Acta. 90: 695–704. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.electacta.2012.12.066">10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrochimica+Acta&rft.atitle=The+developments+and+challenges+of+cerium+half-cell+in+zinc%E2%80%93cerium+redox+flow+battery+for+energy+storage&rft.volume=90&rft.pages=695-704&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.electacta.2012.12.066&rft.aulast=Xie&rft.aufirst=Z.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Q.&rft.au=Chang%2C+Z.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+X.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Bush, Douglas Earl; Kassel, Richard (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cgDJaeFFUPoC">The Organ: An Encyclopedia</a>. Routledge. hlm. 679. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-94174-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-94174-7">978-0-415-94174-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Organ%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=679&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-94174-7&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=Douglas+Earl&rft.au=Kassel%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcgDJaeFFUPoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-onecent-122"><a href="#cite_ref-onecent_122-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150218061037/http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/?action=coin_specifications">"Coin Specifications"</a>. United States Mint. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/?action=coin_specifications">versi asli</a> tanggal 18 Februari 2015. Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coin+Specifications&rft.pub=United+States+Mint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmint.gov%2Fabout_the_mint%2F%3Faction%3Dcoin_specifications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-yb1994-123"><a href="#cite_ref-USGS-yb1994_123-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Jasinski, Stephen M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081029065604/http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zinc/720494.pdf">"Mineral Yearbook 1994: Zinc"</a> (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zinc/720494.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 29 Oktober 2008. Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mineral+Yearbook+1994%3A+Zinc&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.aulast=Jasinski&rft.aufirst=Stephen+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fzinc%2F720494.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081225003739/http://www.eazall.com/diecastalloys.aspx">"Diecasting Alloys"</a>. Maybrook, NY: Eastern Alloys. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eazall.com/diecastalloys.aspx">versi asli</a> tanggal 25 Desember 2008. Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diecasting+Alloys&rft.place=Maybrook%2C+NY&rft.pub=Eastern+Alloys&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eazall.com%2Fdiecastalloys.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Apelian, D.; Paliwal, M.; Herrschaft, D. C. (1981). "Casting with Zinc Alloys". Journal of Metals. 33 (11): 12–19. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981JOM....33k..12A">1981JOM....33k..12A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf03339527">10.1007/bf03339527</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Metals&rft.atitle=Casting+with+Zinc+Alloys&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=12-19&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fbf03339527&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1981JOM....33k..12A&rft.aulast=Apelian&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Paliwal%2C+M.&rft.au=Herrschaft%2C+D.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Davies, Geoff (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s0i32LSfrJ4C&pg=PA157">Materials for automobile bodies</a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. hlm. 157. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7506-5692-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7506-5692-4">978-0-7506-5692-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Materials+for+automobile+bodies&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7506-5692-4&rft.au=Davies%2C+Geoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds0i32LSfrJ4C%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-samans-127"><a href="#cite_ref-samans_127-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Samans, Carl Hubert (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.19384">Engineering Metals and Their Alloys</a>. Macmillan Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engineering+Metals+and+Their+Alloys&rft.pub=Macmillan+Co.&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Samans&rft.aufirst=Carl+Hubert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.19384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ZincCorr-128">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZincCorr_128-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZincCorr_128-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Porter, Frank (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C-pAiedmqp8C">"Wrought Zinc"</a>. Corrosion Resistance of Zinc and Zinc Alloys. CRC Press. hlm. 6–7. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8247-9213-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8247-9213-8">978-0-8247-9213-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wrought+Zinc&rft.btitle=Corrosion+Resistance+of+Zinc+and+Zinc+Alloys&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-9213-8&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC-pAiedmqp8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <cite class="citation book">McClane, Albert Jules; Gardner, Keith (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121115010409/http://books.google.com/books?id=b3nWAAAAMAAJ">The Complete book of fishing: a guide to freshwater, saltwater & big-game fishing</a>. Gallery Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8317-1565-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8317-1565-6">978-0-8317-1565-6</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b3nWAAAAMAAJ">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 November 2012. Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+book+of+fishing%3A+a+guide+to+freshwater%2C+saltwater+%26+big-game+fishing&rft.pub=Gallery+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-8317-1565-6&rft.au=McClane%2C+Albert+Jules&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db3nWAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|name-list-style=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-minrecall-130"><a href="#cite_ref-minrecall_130-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130323175731/http://www.minourausa.com/english/support-e/recall-e.html">"Cast flywheel on old Magturbo trainer has been recalled since July 2000"</a>. Minoura. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minourausa.com/english/support-e/recall-e.html">versi asli</a> tanggal March 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minoura&rft.atitle=Cast+flywheel+on+old+Magturbo+trainer+has+been+recalled+since+July+2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minourausa.com%2Fenglish%2Fsupport-e%2Frecall-e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Katz2002-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Katz2002_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katz2002_131-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Katz2002_131-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book">Katz, Johnathan I. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biggestbangsmyst00katz_0/page/18">The Biggest Bangs</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biggestbangsmyst00katz_0/page/18">18</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-514570-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-514570-0">978-0-19-514570-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biggest+Bangs&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514570-0&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Johnathan+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiggestbangsmyst00katz_0%2Fpage%2F18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Zhang, Xiaoge Gregory (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qmf4VsriAtMC">Corrosion and Electrochemistry of Zinc</a>. Springer. hlm. 93. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-306-45334-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-306-45334-2">978-0-306-45334-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corrosion+and+Electrochemistry+of+Zinc&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-306-45334-2&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Xiaoge+Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQmf4VsriAtMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Weimer, Al (17 Mei 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205122514/http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review06/pd_10_weimer.pdf">"Development of Solar-powered Thermochemical Production of Hydrogen from Water"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Energi_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Energi Amerika Serikat">U.S. Department of Energy</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review06/pd_10_weimer.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 5 Februari 2009. Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Development+of+Solar-powered+Thermochemical+Production+of+Hydrogen+from+Water&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Energy&rft.date=2006-05-17&rft.aulast=Weimer&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hydrogen.energy.gov%2Fpdfs%2Freview06%2Fpd_10_weimer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Heiserman1992p124-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heiserman1992p124_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heiserman1992p124_134-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heiserman1992p124_134-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFHeiserman1992">Heiserman 1992</a>, hlm. 124 </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Blew, Joseph Oscar (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114143025/http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/816/FPL_D149ocr.pdf">"Wood preservatives"</a> (PDF). Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. <a href="/wiki/Handle_System" title="Handle System">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//hdl.handle.net/1957%2F816">1957/816</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1957/816/FPL_D149ocr.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 14 Januari 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wood+preservatives&rft.pub=Department+of+Agriculture%2C+Forest+Service%2C+Forest+Products+Laboratory&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1957%2F816&rft.aulast=Blew&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Oscar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fir.library.oregonstate.edu%2Fxmlui%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1957%2F816%2FFPL_D149ocr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Frankland" title="Edward Frankland">Frankland, Edward</a> (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1427026">"Notiz über eine neue Reihe organischer Körper, welche Metalle, Phosphor u. s. w. enthalten"</a>. Liebig's Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie (dalam bahasa Jerman). 71 (2): 213–216. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjlac.18490710206">10.1002/jlac.18490710206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liebig%27s+Annalen+der+Chemie+und+Pharmacie&rft.atitle=Notiz+%C3%BCber+eine+neue+Reihe+organischer+K%C3%B6rper%2C+welche+Metalle%2C+Phosphor+u.+s.+w.+enthalten&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=213-216&rft.date=1849&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjlac.18490710206&rft.aulast=Frankland&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1427026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-CRCp4-42-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRCp4-42_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRCp4-42_137-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCRC2006">CRC 2006</a>, hlm. 4-42 </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Paschotta, Rüdiger (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BN026ye2fJAC">Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology</a>. Wiley-VCH. hlm. 798. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-527-40828-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-527-40828-3">978-3-527-40828-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Laser+Physics+and+Technology&rft.pages=798&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-527-40828-3&rft.aulast=Paschotta&rft.aufirst=R%C3%BCdiger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBN026ye2fJAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati">pranala nonaktif permanen</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Konstantinou, I. K.; Albanis, T. A. (2004). "Worldwide occurrence and effects of antifouling paint booster biocides in the aquatic environment: a review". Environment International. 30 (2): 235–248. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0160-4120%2803%2900176-4">10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00176-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14749112">14749112</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environment+International&rft.atitle=Worldwide+occurrence+and+effects+of+antifouling+paint+booster+biocides+in+the+aquatic+environment%3A+a+review&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=235-248&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0160-4120%2803%2900176-4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14749112&rft.aulast=Konstantinou&rft.aufirst=I.+K.&rft.au=Albanis%2C+T.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ZnS-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZnS_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZnS_140-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZnS_140-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web">Boudreaux, Kevin A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202034703/http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/demos/zinc_sulfur/zinc_sulfur.htm">"Zinc + Sulfur"</a>. Angelo State University. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/demos/zinc_sulfur/zinc_sulfur.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2 Desember 2008. Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zinc+%2B+Sulfur&rft.pub=Angelo+State+University&rft.aulast=Boudreaux&rft.aufirst=Kevin+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.angelo.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fkboudrea%2Fdemos%2Fzinc_sulfur%2Fzinc_sulfur.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081121002508/http://www.zinccounters.co.uk/html/tech/tech.htm">"Technical Information"</a>. Zinc Counters. 2008. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zinccounters.co.uk/html/tech/tech.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 21 November 2008. Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technical+Information&rft.pub=Zinc+Counters&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zinccounters.co.uk%2Fhtml%2Ftech%2Ftech.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Win2003-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Win2003_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Win2003_142-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Win2003_142-2">c</a> <cite class="citation journal">Win, David Tin; Masum, Al (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326001457/http://www.journal.au.edu/au_techno/2003/apr2003/aujt6-4_article07.pdf">"Weapons of Mass Destruction"</a> (PDF). Assumption University Journal of Technology. Assumption University. 6 (4): 199. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journal.au.edu/au_techno/2003/apr2003/aujt6-4_article07.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 26 Maret 2009. Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Assumption+University+Journal+of+Technology&rft.atitle=Weapons+of+Mass+Destruction&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=199&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Win&rft.aufirst=David+Tin&rft.au=Masum%2C+Al&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journal.au.edu%2Fau_techno%2F2003%2Fapr2003%2Faujt6-4_article07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <cite class="citation book">David E. Newton (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080710132328/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3427000114.html">Chemical Elements: From Carbon to Krypton</a>. U. X. L. /Gale. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7876-2846-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7876-2846-8">978-0-7876-2846-8</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3427000114.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 10 Juli 2008. Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemical+Elements%3A+From+Carbon+to+Krypton&rft.pub=U.+X.+L.+%2FGale&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7876-2846-8&rft.au=David+E.+Newton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1G2-3427000114.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cItuoO9zSjkC&pg=PA591">Ullmann's Agrochemicals</a>. Wiley-Vch (COR). 2007. hlm. 591–592. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-527-31604-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-527-31604-5">978-3-527-31604-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Agrochemicals&rft.pages=591-592&rft.pub=Wiley-Vch+%28COR%29&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-527-31604-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcItuoO9zSjkC%26pg%3DPA591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati">pranala nonaktif permanen</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Walker, J. C. F. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/primarywoodproce00walk_825">Primary Wood Processing: Principles and Practice</a>. Springer. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/primarywoodproce00walk_825/page/n323">317</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4020-4392-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4020-4392-5">978-1-4020-4392-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Primary+Wood+Processing%3A+Principles+and+Practice&rft.pages=317&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-4392-5&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J.+C.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprimarywoodproce00walk_825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090912041431/http://www.mustangmonthly.com/techarticles/mump_0907_zddp_zinc_additive_engine_oil/index.html">"ZDDP Engine Oil – The Zinc Factor"</a>. Mustang Monthly. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mustangmonthly.com/techarticles/mump_0907_zddp_zinc_additive_engine_oil/index.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 12 September 2009. Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ZDDP+Engine+Oil+%E2%80%93+The+Zinc+Factor&rft.pub=Mustang+Monthly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mustangmonthly.com%2Ftecharticles%2Fmump_0907_zddp_zinc_additive_engine_oil%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Overman, Larry E.; Carpenter, Nancy E. (2005). The Allylic Trihaloacetimidate Rearrangement. Organic Reactions. 66. hlm. 1–107. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F0471264180.or066.01">10.1002/0471264180.or066.01</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-471-26418-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-471-26418-7">978-0-471-26418-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Allylic+Trihaloacetimidate+Rearrangement&rft.pages=1-107&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F0471264180.or066.01&rft.isbn=978-0-471-26418-7&rft.aulast=Overman&rft.aufirst=Larry+E.&rft.au=Carpenter%2C+Nancy+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Rappoport, Zvi; Marek, Ilan (December 17, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414165728/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y3wYEmIHlqUC">The Chemistry of Organozinc Compounds: R-Zn</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-470-09337-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-470-09337-5">978-0-470-09337-5</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y3wYEmIHlqUC">versi asli</a> tanggal April 14, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chemistry+of+Organozinc+Compounds%3A+R-Zn&rft.date=2007-12-17&rft.isbn=978-0-470-09337-5&rft.aulast=Rappoport&rft.aufirst=Zvi&rft.au=Marek%2C+Ilan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY3wYEmIHlqUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Knochel, Paul; Jones, Philip (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414152600/https://books.google.com/books?id=UH5tQgAACAAJ">Organozinc reagents: A practical approach</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-850121-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-850121-3">978-0-19-850121-3</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UH5tQgAACAAJ">versi asli</a> tanggal April 14, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organozinc+reagents%3A+A+practical+approach&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-850121-3&rft.aulast=Knochel&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Jones%2C+Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUH5tQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Herrmann, Wolfgang A. (Januari 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414190931/https://books.google.com/books?id=hgUqZkG23PAC">Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry: Catalysis</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-13-103061-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-13-103061-0">978-3-13-103061-0</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hgUqZkG23PAC">versi asli</a> tanggal April 14, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Synthetic+Methods+of+Organometallic+and+Inorganic+Chemistry%3A+Catalysis&rft.date=2002-01&rft.isbn=978-3-13-103061-0&rft.aulast=Herrmann&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhgUqZkG23PAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> E. Frankland, Ann. 126, 109 (1863) </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> E. Frankland, B. F. Duppa, Ann. 135, 25 (1865) </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Kim, Jeung Gon; Walsh, Patrick J. (2006). "From Aryl Bromides to Enantioenriched Benzylic Alcohols in a Single Flask: Catalytic Asymmetric Arylation of Aldehydes". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 45 (25): 4175–4178. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.200600741">10.1002/anie.200600741</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16721894">16721894</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition&rft.atitle=From+Aryl+Bromides+to+Enantioenriched+Benzylic+Alcohols+in+a+Single+Flask%3A+Catalytic+Asymmetric+Arylation+of+Aldehydes&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=4175-4178&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanie.200600741&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16721894&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Jeung+Gon&rft.au=Walsh%2C+Patrick+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintesis_satu_pot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintesis satu pot (halaman belum tersedia)">reaksi satu pot</a> ini <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromobenzena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromobenzena (halaman belum tersedia)">bromobenzena</a> diubah menjadi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenillitium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenillitium (halaman belum tersedia)">fenillitium</a> melalui reaksi dengan 4 ekuivalen <a href="/wiki/N-Butillitium" title="N-Butillitium">n-butillitium</a>, kemudian transmetalasi dengan <a href="/wiki/Seng_klorida" title="Seng klorida">seng klorida</a> membentuk difenilseng yang terus bereaksi dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintesis_enantioselektif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintesis enantioselektif (halaman belum tersedia)">reaksi asimetris</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Borneol" title="Borneol">ligan MIB</a> dan kemudian dengan 2-naftilaldehida menjadi <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a>. Dalam reaksi ini, pembentukan difenilseng disertai dengan <a href="/wiki/Litium_klorida" title="Litium klorida">litium klorida</a>, yang jika tidak diperiksa, mengatalisis reaksi tanpa keterlibatan MIB dengan alkohol <a href="/wiki/Campuran_rasemat" title="Campuran rasemat">rasemat</a>. Garam secara efektif dihilangkan melalui <a href="/wiki/Pengelatan" title="Pengelatan">pengelatan</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Etilendiamina#Ligan_terkait" title="Etilendiamina">tetraetiletilena diamina</a> (TEEDA) yang menghasilkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelebihan_enansiomer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelebihan enansiomer (halaman belum tersedia)">kelebihan enansiomer</a> sebesar 92%. </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Łowicki, Daniel; Baś, Sebastian; Mlynarski, Jacek (2015). "Chiral zinc catalysts for asymmetric synthesis". Tetrahedron. 71 (9): 1339–1394. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tet.2014.12.022">10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.022</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tetrahedron&rft.atitle=Chiral+zinc+catalysts+for+asymmetric+synthesis&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1339-1394&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tet.2014.12.022&rft.aulast=%C5%81owicki&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Ba%C5%9B%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Mlynarski%2C+Jacek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-DiSilvestro2004-156"><a href="#cite_ref-DiSilvestro2004_156-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">DiSilvestro, Robert A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofminera0000disi">Handbook of Minerals as Nutritional Supplements</a>. CRC Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofminera0000disi/page/135">135</a>, 155. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8493-1652-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8493-1652-4">978-0-8493-1652-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Minerals+as+Nutritional+Supplements&rft.pages=135%2C+155&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-1652-4&rft.aulast=DiSilvestro&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookofminera0000disi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-USgov-157"><a href="#cite_ref-USgov_157-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01791608">"Zinc Sulphate vs. Zinc Amino Acid Chelate (ZAZO)"</a>. U.S. National Library of Medecine. USA Government. Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+National+Library+of+Medecine&rft.atitle=Zinc+Sulphate+vs.+Zinc+Amino+Acid+Chelate+%28ZAZO%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclinicaltrials.gov%2Fct2%2Fshow%2FNCT01791608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Mayo-Wilson, E; Junior, JA; Imdad, A; Dean, S; Chan, XH; Chan, ES; Jaswal, A; Bhutta, ZA (15 Mei 2014). "Zinc supplementation for preventing mortality, morbidity, and growth failure in children aged 6 months to 12 years of age". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (5): CD009384. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD009384.pub2">10.1002/14651858.CD009384.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24826920">24826920</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Zinc+supplementation+for+preventing+mortality%2C+morbidity%2C+and+growth+failure+in+children+aged+6+months+to+12+years+of+age.&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=CD009384&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD009384.pub2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24826920&rft.aulast=Mayo-Wilson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Junior%2C+JA&rft.au=Imdad%2C+A&rft.au=Dean%2C+S&rft.au=Chan%2C+XH&rft.au=Chan%2C+ES&rft.au=Jaswal%2C+A&rft.au=Bhutta%2C+ZA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Zincposology2019-159"><a href="#cite_ref-Zincposology2019_159-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Santos HO, Teixeira FJ, Schoenfeld BJ (2019). "Dietary vs. pharmacological doses of zinc: A clinical review". Clin Nutr. 130 (5): 1345–1353. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clnu.2019.06.024">10.1016/j.clnu.2019.06.024</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31303527">31303527</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clin+Nutr.&rft.atitle=Dietary+vs.+pharmacological+doses+of+zinc%3A+A+clinical+review.&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1345-1353&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.clnu.2019.06.024&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31303527&rft.aulast=Santos&rft.aufirst=HO&rft.au=Teixeira%2C+FJ&rft.au=Schoenfeld%2C+BJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bhutta ZA, Bird SM, Black RE, Brown KH, Gardner JM, Hidayat A, Khatun F, Martorell R, et al. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-clinical-nutrition_2000-12_72_6/page/1516">"Therapeutic effects of oral zinc in acute and persistent diarrhea in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials"</a>. 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Logam renik seng adalah kofaktor penting untuk lebih dari 300 enzim dan 1000 faktor transkripsi [16]. ... Dalam sistem saraf pusat, seng adalah logam renik paling melimpah kedua dan terlibat dalam banyak proses. 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The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 290 (31): 18954–61. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.R115.647099">10.1074/jbc.R115.647099</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521016">4521016</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26055706">26055706</a>. <q>Zn hadir dalam hingga 10% protein dalam proteom manusia dan analisis komputasi memperkirakan bahwa ~30% dari ~3000 protein yang mengandung Zn ini adalah enzim seluler yang penting, seperti hidrolase, ligase, transferase, oksidoreduktase, dan isomerase (42,43).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Copper+and+Zinc+Toxicity+in+Innate+Immune+Defense+against+Bacterial+Pathogens&rft.volume=290&rft.issue=31&rft.pages=18954-61&rft.date=2015-07&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4521016&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26055706&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.R115.647099&rft.aulast=Djoko&rft.aufirst=KY&rft.au=Ong%2C+CL&rft.au=Walker%2C+MJ&rft.au=McEwan%2C+AG&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4521016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Bitanihirwe-189">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bitanihirwe_189-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bitanihirwe_189-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bitanihirwe BK, Cunningham MG (November 2009). 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"Zinc and cortical plasticity". Brain Res Rev. 59 (2): 347–73. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.brainresrev.2008.10.003">10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.10.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19026685">19026685</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Res+Rev&rft.atitle=Zinc+and+cortical+plasticity&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=347-73&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.brainresrev.2008.10.003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19026685&rft.au=Nakashima+AS&rft.au=Dyck+RH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid25265815-191"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid25265815_191-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Tyszka-Czochara M, Grzywacz A, Gdula-Argasińska J, Librowski T, Wiliński B, Opoka W (Mei 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170829234531/http://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2014/3/369.pdf">"The role of zinc in the pathogenesis and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Implications of zinc homeostasis for proper CNS function"</a> (PDF). Acta Pol. Pharm. 71 (3): 369–377. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265815">25265815</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2014/3/369.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 29 Agustus 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Pol.+Pharm.&rft.atitle=The+role+of+zinc+in+the+pathogenesis+and+treatment+of+central+nervous+system+%28CNS%29+diseases.+Implications+of+zinc+homeostasis+for+proper+CNS+function&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=369-377&rft.date=2014-05&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25265815&rft.aulast=Tyszka-Czochara&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Grzywacz%2C+A&rft.au=Gdula-Argasi%C5%84ska%2C+J&rft.au=Librowski%2C+T&rft.au=Wili%C5%84ski%2C+B&rft.au=Opoka%2C+W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ptfarm.pl%2Fpub%2FFile%2FActa_Poloniae%2F2014%2F3%2F369.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Yokel, R. A. (2006). "Blood-brain barrier flux of aluminum, manganese, iron and other metals suspected to contribute to metal-induced neurodegeneration". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 10 (2–3): 223–53. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3233%2FJAD-2006-102-309">10.3233/JAD-2006-102-309</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17119290">17119290</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Alzheimer%27s+Disease&rft.atitle=Blood-brain+barrier+flux+of+aluminum%2C+manganese%2C+iron+and+other+metals+suspected+to+contribute+to+metal-induced+neurodegeneration&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2%E2%80%933&rft.pages=223-53&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3233%2FJAD-2006-102-309&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17119290&rft.aulast=Yokel&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-DRI-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_193-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_193-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_193-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_193-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DRI_193-4">e</a> <cite class="citation book">Institute of Medicine (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170919234044/https://www.nap.edu/read/10026/chapter/14/">"Zinc"</a>. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. hlm. 442–501. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F10026">10.17226/10026</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-309-07279-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-309-07279-3">978-0-309-07279-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25057538">25057538</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nap.edu/read/10026/chapter/14/">versi asli</a> tanggal 19 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zinc&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Vitamin+A%2C+Vitamin+K%2C+Arsenic%2C+Boron%2C+Chromium%2C+Copper%2C+Iodine%2C+Iron%2C+Manganese%2C+Molybdenum%2C+Nickel%2C+Silicon%2C+Vanadium%2C+and+Zinc&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=442-501&rft.pub=National+Academy+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25057538&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F10026&rft.isbn=978-0-309-07279-3&rft.au=Institute+of+Medicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fread%2F10026%2Fchapter%2F14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Stipanuk, Martha H. (2006). Biochemical, Physiological & Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition. W. B. Saunders Company. hlm. 1043–1067. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7216-4452-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7216-4452-3">978-0-7216-4452-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biochemical%2C+Physiological+%26+Molecular+Aspects+of+Human+Nutrition&rft.pages=1043-1067&rft.pub=W.+B.+Saunders+Company&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7216-4452-3&rft.aulast=Stipanuk&rft.aufirst=Martha+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p1224—1225-195">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p1224—1225_195-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p1224—1225_195-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997">Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997</a>, hlm. 1224–1225 </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kohen, Amnon; Limbach, Hans-Heinrich (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7EiIqrRBBQgC">Isotope Effects in Chemistry and Biology</a>. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. hlm. 850. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8247-2449-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8247-2449-8">978-0-8247-2449-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isotope+Effects+in+Chemistry+and+Biology&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=850&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-2449-8&rft.aulast=Kohen&rft.aufirst=Amnon&rft.au=Limbach%2C+Hans-Heinrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7EiIqrRBBQgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood1997p1225-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p1225_197-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood1997p1225_197-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997">Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997</a>, hlm. 1225 </li> <li id="cite_note-Cotton1999p627-198"><a href="#cite_ref-Cotton1999p627_198-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCotton_et_al.1999">Cotton et al. 1999</a>, hlm. 627 </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Gadallah, MA (2000). "Effects of indole-3-acetic acid and zinc on the growth, osmotic potential and soluble carbon and nitrogen components of soybean plants growing under water deficit". Journal of Arid Environments. 44 (4): 451–467. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JArEn..44..451G">2000JArEn..44..451G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fjare.1999.0610">10.1006/jare.1999.0610</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Arid+Environments&rft.atitle=Effects+of+indole-3-acetic+acid+and+zinc+on+the+growth%2C+osmotic+potential+and+soluble+carbon+and+nitrogen+components+of+soybean+plants+growing+under+water+deficit&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=451-467&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fjare.1999.0610&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000JArEn..44..451G&rft.aulast=Gadallah&rft.aufirst=MA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ziliotto, Silvia; Ogle, Olivia; Yaylor, Kathryn M. (2018). "Chapter 17. Targeting Zinc(II) Signalling to Prevent Cancer". Dalam Sigel, Astrid; Sigel, Helmut; Freisinger, Eva; Sigel, Roland K. O. Metallo-Drugs: Development and Action of Anticancer Agents. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. 18. Berlin: de Gruyter GmbH. hlm. 507–529. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110470734-023">10.1515/9783110470734-023</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9783110470734" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9783110470734">9783110470734</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29394036">29394036</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+17.+Targeting+Zinc%28II%29+Signalling+to+Prevent+Cancer&rft.btitle=Metallo-Drugs%3A+Development+and+Action+of+Anticancer+Agents&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=507-529&rft.pub=de+Gruyter+GmbH&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29394036&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110470734-023&rft.isbn=9783110470734&rft.aulast=Ziliotto&rft.aufirst=Silvia&rft.au=Ogle%2C+Olivia&rft.au=Yaylor%2C+Kathryn+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Cotton1997p628-201"><a href="#cite_ref-Cotton1997p628_201-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCotton_et_al.1999">Cotton et al. 1999</a>, hlm. 628 </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitney2005-202"><a href="#cite_ref-Whitney2005_202-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Whitney, Eleanor Noss; Rolfes, Sharon Rady (2005). Understanding Nutrition (edisi ke-10). Thomson Learning. hlm. 447–450. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4288-1893-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4288-1893-4">978-1-4288-1893-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Nutrition&rft.pages=447-450&rft.edition=10&rft.pub=Thomson+Learning&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4288-1893-4&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=Eleanor+Noss&rft.au=Rolfes%2C+Sharon+Rady&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Hershfinkel, M; Silverman WF; Sekler I (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1952663">"The Zinc Sensing Receptor, a Link Between Zinc and Cell Signaling"</a>. Molecular Medicine. 13 (7–8): 331–336. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2119%2F2006-00038.Hershfinkel">10.2119/2006-00038.Hershfinkel</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1952663">1952663</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17728842">17728842</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Zinc+Sensing+Receptor%2C+a+Link+Between+Zinc+and+Cell+Signaling&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7%E2%80%938&rft.pages=331-336&rft.date=2007&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1952663&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17728842&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2119%2F2006-00038.Hershfinkel&rft.aulast=Hershfinkel&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Silverman+WF&rft.au=Sekler+I&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1952663&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Cotton1999p629-204"><a href="#cite_ref-Cotton1999p629_204-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCotton_et_al.1999">Cotton et al. 1999</a>, hlm. 629 </li> <li id="cite_note-Blake2007-205"><a href="#cite_ref-Blake2007_205-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Blake, Steve (2007). Vitamins and Minerals Demystified. McGraw-Hill Professional. hlm. 242. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-07-148901-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-07-148901-0">978-0-07-148901-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vitamins+and+Minerals+Demystified&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Professional&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-07-148901-0&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Fosmire1990-206">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fosmire1990_206-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fosmire1990_206-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fosmire1990_206-2">c</a> <cite class="citation journal">Fosmire, G. J. 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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 51 (2): 225–7. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajcn%2F51.2.225">10.1093/ajcn/51.2.225</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2407097">2407097</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Zinc+toxicity&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=225-7&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fajcn%2F51.2.225&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2407097&rft.aulast=Fosmire&rft.aufirst=G.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_american-journal-of-clinical-nutrition_1990-02_51_2%2Fpage%2F225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Zinc_binding_sites_+_ADHD_review-207"><a href="#cite_ref-Zinc_binding_sites_+_ADHD_review_207-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Krause J (2008). 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Neurother. 8 (4): 611–625. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1586%2F14737175.8.4.611">10.1586/14737175.8.4.611</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18416663">18416663</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Rev.+Neurother.&rft.atitle=SPECT+and+PET+of+the+dopamine+transporter+in+attention-deficit%2Fhyperactivity+disorder&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=611-625&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1586%2F14737175.8.4.611&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18416663&rft.aulast=Krause&rft.aufirst=J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Review_-_cites_2002_amph-zinc_primary_study-208"><a href="#cite_ref-Review_-_cites_2002_amph-zinc_primary_study_208-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Sulzer D (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065181">"How addictive drugs disrupt presynaptic dopamine neurotransmission"</a>. 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Jadi, ketika Zn2+ dilepaskan bersama dengan glutamat, ia dapat sangat meningkatkan penghabisan dopamin.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Biol.+Chem.&rft.atitle=The+role+of+zinc+ions+in+reverse+transport+mediated+by+monoamine+transporters&rft.volume=277&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=21505-21513&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M112265200&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11940571&rft.aulast=Scholze&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=N%C3%B8rregaard%2C+L&rft.au=Singer%2C+EA&rft.au=Freissmuth%2C+M&rft.au=Gether%2C+U&rft.au=Sitte%2C+HH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Tsvetkov, PO; Roman, AY; Baksheeva, VE; Nazipova, AA; Shevelyova, MP; Vladimirov, VI; Buyanova, MF; Zinchenko, DV; Zamyatnin AA, Jr; Devred, F; Golovin, AV; Permyakov, SE; Zernii, EY (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6302015">"Functional Status of Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 Is Modulated by Zinc Binding"</a>. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 8 Agustus 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Register+May+27%2C+2016+Food+Labeling%3A+Revision+of+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels.+FR+page+33982.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FFR-2016-05-27%2Fpdf%2F2016-11867.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407073956/https://dsld.nlm.nih.gov/dsld/dailyvalue.jsp">"Daily Value Reference of the Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD)"</a>. 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Aquatic Toxicology. 77 (4): 393–401. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2006.01.006">10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.01.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16472524">16472524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquatic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+chronic+waterborne+Zn+toxicity+in+Daphnia+magna&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=393-401&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.aquatox.2006.01.006&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16472524&rft.aulast=Muyssen&rft.aufirst=Brita+T.+A.&rft.au=De+Schamphelaere%2C+Karel+A.+C.&rft.au=Janssen%2C+Colin+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bothwell, Dawn N.; Mair, Eric A.; Cable, Benjamin B. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_pediatrics_2003-03_111_3/page/689">"Chronic Ingestion of a Zinc-Based Penny"</a>. Pediatrics. 111 (3): 689–91. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.111.3.689">10.1542/peds.111.3.689</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12612262">12612262</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Chronic+Ingestion+of+a+Zinc-Based+Penny&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=689-91&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1542%2Fpeds.111.3.689&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12612262&rft.aulast=Bothwell&rft.aufirst=Dawn+N.&rft.au=Mair%2C+Eric+A.&rft.au=Cable%2C+Benjamin+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_pediatrics_2003-03_111_3%2Fpage%2F689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Johnson AR; Munoz A; Gottlieb JL; Jarrard DF (2007). "High dose zinc increases hospital admissions due to genitourinary complications". J. Urol. 177 (2): 639–43. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.juro.2006.09.047">10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.047</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222649">17222649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Urol.&rft.atitle=High+dose+zinc+increases+hospital+admissions+due+to+genitourinary+complications&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=639-43&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.juro.2006.09.047&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17222649&rft.au=Johnson+AR&rft.au=Munoz+A&rft.au=Gottlieb+JL&rft.au=Jarrard+DF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100218110256/http://www.tampabay.com/news/health/lawsuits-blame-denture-adhesives-for-neurological-damage/1073320">"Lawsuits blame denture adhesives for neurological damage"</a>. Tampa Bay Times. 15 Februari 2010. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tampabay.com/news/health/lawsuits-blame-denture-adhesives-for-neurological-damage/1073320">versi asli</a> tanggal 18 Februari 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Lawsuits+blame+denture+adhesives+for+neurological+damage&rft.date=2010-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Fnews%2Fhealth%2Flawsuits-blame-denture-adhesives-for-neurological-damage%2F1073320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Oxford, J. S.; Öberg, Bo (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n24Pju7kHIYC&pg=PA142">Conquest of viral diseases: a topical review of drugs and vaccines</a>. Elsevier. hlm. 142. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-444-80566-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-444-80566-9">978-0-444-80566-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conquest+of+viral+diseases%3A+a+topical+review+of+drugs+and+vaccines&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-444-80566-9&rft.au=Oxford%2C+J.+S.&rft.au=%C3%96berg%2C+Bo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn24Pju7kHIYC%26pg%3DPA142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-LAT-236"><a href="#cite_ref-LAT_236-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621011505/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/17/science/sci-zicam17">"FDA says Zicam nasal products harm sense of smell"</a>. Los Angeles Times. 17 Juni 2009. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jun/17/science/sci-zicam17">versi asli</a> tanggal 21 Juni 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=FDA+says+Zicam+nasal+products+harm+sense+of+smell&rft.date=2009-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2009%2Fjun%2F17%2Fscience%2Fsci-zicam17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Lamore SD; Cabello CM; Wondrak GT (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866994">"The topical antimicrobial zinc pyrithione is a heat shock response inducer that causes DNA damage and PARP-dependent energy crisis in human skin cells"</a>. Cell Stress Chaperones. 15 (3): 309–22. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12192-009-0145-6">10.1007/s12192-009-0145-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866994">2866994</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19809895">19809895</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Stress+Chaperones&rft.atitle=The+topical+antimicrobial+zinc+pyrithione+is+a+heat+shock+response+inducer+that+causes+DNA+damage+and+PARP-dependent+energy+crisis+in+human+skin+cells&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=309-22&rft.date=2010&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2866994&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19809895&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12192-009-0145-6&rft.au=Lamore+SD&rft.au=Cabello+CM&rft.au=Wondrak+GT&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2866994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Barceloux, Donald G.; Barceloux, Donald (1999). "Zinc". Clinical Toxicology. 37 (2): 279–292. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1081%2FCLT-100102426">10.1081/CLT-100102426</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10382562">10382562</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Zinc&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=279-292&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1081%2FCLT-100102426&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10382562&rft.aulast=Barceloux&rft.aufirst=Donald+G.&rft.au=Barceloux%2C+Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bennett, Daniel R. M. D.; Baird, Curtis J. M.D.; Chan, Kwok-Ming; Crookes, Peter F.; Bremner, Cedric G.; Gottlieb, Michael M.; Naritoku, Wesley Y. M.D. (1997). "Zinc Toxicity Following Massive Coin Ingestion". American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 18 (2): 148–153. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00000433-199706000-00008">10.1097/00000433-199706000-00008</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9185931">9185931</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Forensic+Medicine+and+Pathology&rft.atitle=Zinc+Toxicity+Following+Massive+Coin+Ingestion&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=148-153&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00000433-199706000-00008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9185931&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Daniel+R.+M.+D.&rft.au=Baird%2C+Curtis+J.+M.D.&rft.au=Chan%2C+Kwok-Ming&rft.au=Crookes%2C+Peter+F.&rft.au=Bremner%2C+Cedric+G.&rft.au=Gottlieb%2C+Michael+M.&rft.au=Naritoku%2C+Wesley+Y.+M.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Fernbach, S. K.; Tucker G. F. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_radiology_1986-02_158_2/page/512">"Coin ingestion: unusual appearance of the penny in a child"</a>. Radiology. 158 (2): 512. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1148%2Fradiology.158.2.3941880">10.1148/radiology.158.2.3941880</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3941880">3941880</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=Coin+ingestion%3A+unusual+appearance+of+the+penny+in+a+child&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=512&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1148%2Fradiology.158.2.3941880&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3941880&rft.aulast=Fernbach&rft.aufirst=S.+K.&rft.au=Tucker+G.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_radiology_1986-02_158_2%2Fpage%2F512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Stowe, C. 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Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 173 (3): 270. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/689968">689968</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Zinc+phosphide+poisoning+in+dogs&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=270&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F689968&rft.aulast=Stowe&rft.aufirst=C.+M.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+R.&rft.au=Werdin%2C+R.&rft.au=Fangmann%2C+G.&rft.au=Fredrick%2C+P.&rft.au=Weaver%2C+G.&rft.au=Arendt%2C+T.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Reece, R. L.; Dickson, D. B.; Burrowes, P. J. (1986). "Zinc toxicity (new wire disease) in aviary birds". Australian Veterinary Journal. 63 (6): 199. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1751-0813.1986.tb02979.x">10.1111/j.1751-0813.1986.tb02979.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3767804">3767804</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Veterinary+Journal&rft.atitle=Zinc+toxicity+%28new+wire+disease%29+in+aviary+birds&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=199&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1751-0813.1986.tb02979.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3767804&rft.aulast=Reece&rft.aufirst=R.+L.&rft.au=Dickson%2C+D.+B.&rft.au=Burrowes%2C+P.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=45" title="Sunting bagian: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=45" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bibliografi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Chambers, William and Robert (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rz8oAAAAYAAJ">Chambers's Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge</a> (edisi ke-Revised). London and Edinburgh: J. B. Lippincott Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chambers%27s+Encyclopaedia%3A+A+Dictionary+of+Universal+Knowledge&rft.place=London+and+Edinburgh&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=J.+B.+Lippincott+Company&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=William+and+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRz8oAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCotton_et_al.1999" class="citation book">Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/advancedinorgani0000unse">Advanced Inorganic Chemistry</a> (edisi ke-6). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-471-19957-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-471-19957-1">978-0-471-19957-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=6&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-471-19957-1&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=F.+Albert&rft.au=Wilkinson%2C+Geoffrey&rft.au=Murillo%2C+Carlos+A.&rft.au=Bochmann%2C+Manfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadvancedinorgani0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCRC2006" class="citation book">David R. Lide, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WDll8hA006AC&pg=PT893">Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a> (edisi ke-87). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8493-0487-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8493-0487-3">978-0-8493-0487-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.edition=87&rft.pub=CRC+Press%2C+Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0487-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWDll8hA006AC%26pg%3DPT893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Emsley, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j-Xu07p3cKwC">"Zinc"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/499">Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements</a>. Oxford, Inggris, UK: Oxford University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/499">499–505</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-850340-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-850340-8">978-0-19-850340-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zinc&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A-Z+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Inggris%2C+UK&rft.pages=499-505&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-850340-8&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj-Xu07p3cKwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (edisi ke-2). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7506-3365-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7506-3365-9">978-0-7506-3365-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7506-3365-9&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=N.+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Heiserman, David L. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=24l-Cpal9oIC">"Element 30: Zinc"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exploringchemica01heis">Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds</a>. New York: TAB Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8306-3018-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8306-3018-9">978-0-8306-3018-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Element+30%3A+Zinc&rft.btitle=Exploring+Chemical+Elements+and+their+Compounds&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=TAB+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8306-3018-9&rft.aulast=Heiserman&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D24l-Cpal9oIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Lehto, R. S. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00hamp">"Zinc"<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/20px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. Dalam Clifford A. Hampel. The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements. New York: Reinhold Book Corporation. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00hamp/page/822">822–830</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-442-15598-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-442-15598-8">978-0-442-15598-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//lccn.loc.gov/68-29938">68-29938</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zinc&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Chemical+Elements&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=822-830&rft.pub=Reinhold+Book+Corporation&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F68-29938&rft.isbn=978-0-442-15598-8&rft.aulast=Lehto&rft.aufirst=R.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofch00hamp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Stwertka, Albert (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetoelements00stwe">"Zinc"<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/20px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. Guide to the Elements (edisi ke-Revised). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-508083-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-508083-4">978-0-19-508083-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zinc&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-508083-4&rft.aulast=Stwertka&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguidetoelements00stwe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Weeks, Mary Elvira (1933). "III. Some Eighteenth-Century Metals". The Discovery of the Elements. Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7661-3872-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7661-3872-8">978-0-7661-3872-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=III.+Some+Eighteenth-Century+Metals&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+the+Elements&rft.place=Easton%2C+PA&rft.pub=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.date=1933&rft.isbn=978-0-7661-3872-8&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elvira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASeng" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&veaction=edit&section=46" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng&action=edit&section=46" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Zinc" class="extiw" title="commons:Zinc">Zinc</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Lihat entri <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seng" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:seng">seng</a> di kamus bebas Wikikamus.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/zinc/">Lembar Fakta Seng</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Institut_Kesehatan_Nasional" title="Institut Kesehatan Nasional">US National Institutes of Health</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Zn">Sejarah & Etimologi Seng</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zinc/index.html">Statistik dan Informasi dari Survei Geologi AS</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.organic-chemistry.org/chemicals/reductions/zinc-zn.shtm">Agen Pereduksi > Seng</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zinc.org">American Zinc Association</a> Informasi mengenai berbagai kegunaan dan sifat seng.</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iszb.org">ISZB</a> International Society for Zinc Biology, didirikan pada tahun 2008. Sebuah organisasi nirlaba internasional yang menyatukan para ilmuwan yang bekerja pada tindakan biologis seng.</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zinc-uk.org">Zinc-UK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423124202/http://zinc-uk.org/">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-04-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Didirikan pada tahun 2010 untuk menyatukan para ilmuwan di Britania Raya yang bekerja pada seng.</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/030.htm">Seng</a> di <a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a> (Universitas Nottingham)</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zincbind.net">ZincBind</a> – basis data situs pengikatan seng biologis.</li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33" style="padding:0 1em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini"><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">Tabel periodik</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_(sel_besar)" title="Tabel periodik (sel besar)">(besar)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">2</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_4" title="Unsur golongan 4">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_5" title="Unsur golongan 5">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_6" title="Unsur golongan 6">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_7" title="Unsur golongan 7">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_8" title="Unsur golongan 8">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_9" title="Unsur golongan 9">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_10" title="Unsur golongan 10">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_boron" title="Golongan boron">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_karbon" title="Golongan karbon">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_1" title="Unsur periode 1">1</a> </td> <td title="Hidrogen, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Helium, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_2" title="Unsur periode 2">2</a> </td> <td title="Litium, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td title="Berilium, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boron, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td title="Karbon, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> </td> <td title="Nitrogen, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td title="Oksigen, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a> </td> <td title="Fluorin, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">F</a> </td> <td title="Neon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_3" title="Unsur periode 3">3</a> </td> <td title="Natrium, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Magnesium, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Aluminium, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Silikon, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Si</a> </td> <td title="Fosforus, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">P</a> </td> <td title="Belerang, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">S</a> </td> <td title="Klorin, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Argon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_4" title="Unsur periode 4">4</a> </td> <td title="Kalium, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td title="Kalsium, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Skandium, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Titanium, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="Vanadium, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td title="Kromium, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mangan, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Besi, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Kobalt, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Nikel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Tembaga, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Seng, 30 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Galium, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Germanium, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="Arsen, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td title="Selenium, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Bromin, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kripton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_5" title="Unsur periode 5">5</a> </td> <td title="Rubidium, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Stronsium, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Itrium, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium">Y</a> </td> <td title="Zirkonium, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Niobium, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Molibdenum, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Teknesium, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Rutenium, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rodium, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Paladium, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Perak, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Kadmium, 48 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="Indium, 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Timah, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Antimon, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Telurium, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="Iodin, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">I</a> </td> <td title="Xenon, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_6" title="Unsur periode 6">6</a> </td> <td title="Sesium, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Barium, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="Lantanum, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum">La</a> </td> <td title="Serium, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Praseodimium, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Neodimium, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Prometium, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Samarium, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Europium, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Gadolinium, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Terbium, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Disprosium, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Holmium, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Erbium, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td title="Tulium, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Iterbium, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lutesium, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutesium" title="Lutesium">Lu</a> </td> <td title="Hafnium, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Tantalum, 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="Wolfram, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td title="Renium, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Osmium, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Iridium, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Emas, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Au</a> </td> <td title="Raksa, 80 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Talium, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Timbal, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bismut, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Polonium, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="Astatin, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">At</a> </td> <td title="Radon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_7" title="Unsur periode 7">7</a> </td> <td title="Fransium, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Radium, 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Aktinium, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Torium, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Protaktinium, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="Uranium, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td title="Neptunium, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Plutonium, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Amerisium, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Kurium, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Berkelium, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Kalifornium, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Einsteinium, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Fermium, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Mendelevium, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="Nobelium, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Lawrensium, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium">Lr</a> </td> <td title="Ruterfordium, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Dubnium, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Seaborgium, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Bohrium, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hasium, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Meitnerium, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Darmstadtium, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Roentgenium, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Kopernisium, 112 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Flerovium, 114 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Moskovium, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moskovium" title="Moskovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Livermorium, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Tenesin, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Oganeson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">Logam alkali tanah</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">Lantanida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">Aktinida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">Logam transisi</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_miskin" title="Logam miskin">Logam miskin</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_poliatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam poliatomik">Nonlogam poliatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_diatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam diatomik">Nonlogam diatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">Gas mulia</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Sifat kimia belum diketahui </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senyawa_seng" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Senyawa_seng" title="Templat:Senyawa seng"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Senyawa_seng" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Senyawa seng"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Senyawa_seng&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Senyawa_seng" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Senyawa_seng" title="Kategori:Senyawa seng">Senyawa</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">seng</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seng(I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Senyawa_organoseng(I)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senyawa organoseng(I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekametildizinkosena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekametildizinkosena (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn2(C5(CH3)5)2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seng(II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seng_bromida" title="Seng bromida">ZnBr2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_sianida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng sianida (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn(CN)2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seng_klorida" title="Seng klorida">ZnCl2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_klorat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng klorat (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn(ClO3)2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_kromat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng kromat (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnCrO4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_fluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng fluorida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnF2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_hidrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng hidrida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnH2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_iodida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng iodida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnI2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_molibdat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng molibdat (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnMoO4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_nitrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng nitrat (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn(NO3)2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seng_oksida" title="Seng oksida">ZnO</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_peroksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng peroksida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seng_hidroksida" title="Seng hidroksida">Zn(OH)2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seng_sulfida" title="Seng sulfida">ZnS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seng_sulfat" title="Seng sulfat">ZnSO4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_selenida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng selenida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnSe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_telurida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng telurida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnTe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_pirofosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng pirofosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn2P2O7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_antimonida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng antimonida (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn3Sb2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_arsenida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng arsenida (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn3As2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_nitrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng nitrida (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn3N2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_fosfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng fosfida (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn3P2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seng_fosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seng fosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn3(PO4)2</a></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Senyawa_organoseng(II)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senyawa organoseng(II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimetilseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimetilseng (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn(CH3)2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dietilseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dietilseng (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn(C2H5)2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diisopropilseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diisopropilseng (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn(CH(CH3)2)2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Di-tert-butilseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Di-tert-butilseng (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn(C(CH3)3)2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Difenilseng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Difenilseng (halaman belum tersedia)">Zn(C6H5)2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodometilseng_iodida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iodometilseng iodida (halaman belum tersedia)">ZnCIH2I</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4137453-8">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX529698">Spanyol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119731249">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119731249">(data)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85149842">Amerika Serikat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560063">Jepang</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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