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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Exodus 14:8 And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt so that he pursued the Israelites, who were marching out defiantly.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/exodus/14-8.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/9/02_Exo_14_08.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Exodus 14:8 - Pharaoh Pursues the Israelites" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt so that he pursued the Israelites, who were marching out defiantly." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; 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and the children of Israel went out with boldness.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/exodus/14.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />So the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he chased after the sons of Israel as the sons of Israel were going out boldly.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/exodus/14.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he chased after the sons of Israel as the sons of Israel were going out boldly.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/exodus/14.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he chased after the sons of Israel as the sons of Israel were going out boldly.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/exodus/14.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />And Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, with strength, and he pursued the sons of Israel as the sons of Israel were going out with an exalted hand.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/exodus/14.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he pursued the Israelites, as they were leaving confidently <i>and</i> defiantly.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/exodus/14.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the Israelites, who were going out defiantly.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/exodus/14.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the Israelites, who were going out triumphantly.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/exodus/14.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />And Jehovah hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: for the children of Israel went out with a high hand.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/exodus/14.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />The LORD made the king so stubborn that he went after them, while the Israelites proudly went on their way. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/exodus/14.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel, for the children of Israel went out with an high hand.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/exodus/14.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />The LORD made Pharaoh (the king of Egypt) so stubborn that he pursued the Israelites, who were boldly leaving Egypt.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/exodus/14.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />The LORD made the king stubborn, and he pursued the Israelites, who were leaving triumphantly. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/exodus/14.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />The LORD made the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, stubborn, and he defiantly pursued the Israelis as they were leaving. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/exodus/14.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt so that he pursued the Israelites, who were marching out defiantly.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/exodus/14.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />But the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he chased after the Israelites. Now the Israelites were going out defiantly.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/exodus/14.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel. And the children of Israel went out triumphantly.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/exodus/14.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went out with a high hand.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/exodus/14.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the children of Israel; for the children of Israel went out with a high hand. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/exodus/14.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />and YHWH strengthens the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursues after the sons of Israel, and the sons of Israel are going out with a high hand,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/exodus/14.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> and Jehovah strengtheneth the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursueth after the sons of Israel, and the sons of Israel are going out with a high hand,<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/exodus/14.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And Jehovah will bind fast the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he will pursue after the sons of Israel: and the sons of Israel went forth with a high hand.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/exodus/14.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharao king of Egypt, and he pursued the children of Israel: but they were gone forth in a mighty hand. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/exodus/14.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he pursued the sons of Israel. But they were taken away by an exalted hand.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/exodus/14.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, so that he pursued the Israelites while they were going out in triumph.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/exodus/14.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt and he pursued the Israelites, who were going out boldly.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/exodus/14.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt and he pursued the children of Israel; but the children of Israel had gone out victoriously.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/exodus/14.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And LORD JEHOVAH hardened the heart of Pharaoh, the King of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel and the children of Israel went out by a high hand.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/exodus/14.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel; for the children of Israel went out with a high hand.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/exodus/14.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharao king of Egypt, and of his servants, and he pursued after the children of Israel; and the children of Israel went forth with a high hand.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/exodus/14-8.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kVae3PiKqhs?start=3458" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/exodus/14.htm">Pharaoh Pursues the Israelites</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">7</span>He took 600 of the best chariots, and all the other chariots of Egypt, with officers over all of them. <span class="reftext">8</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/3068.htm" title="3068: Yah·weh (N-proper-ms) -- The proper name of the God of Israel. From hayah; self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God.">And the LORD</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/2388.htm" title="2388: way·ḥaz·zêq (Conj-w:: V-Piel-ConsecImperf-3ms) -- A primitive root; to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong, obstinate; to bind, restrain, conquer.">hardened</a> <a href="/hebrew/3820.htm" title="3820: lêḇ (N-msc) -- A form of lebab; the heart; also used very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything.">the heart</a> <a href="/hebrew/6547.htm" title="6547: par·‘ōh (N-proper-ms) -- A title of Eg. kings. Of Egyptian derivation; Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings.">of Pharaoh</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: me·leḵ (N-msc) -- King. From malak; a king.">king</a> <a href="/hebrew/4714.htm" title="4714: miṣ·ra·yim (N-proper-fs) -- A son of Ham, also his desc. and their country in N.W. Africa. Dual of matsowr; Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt.">of Egypt</a> <a href="/hebrew/7291.htm" title="7291: way·yir·dōp̄ (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms) -- To pursue, chase, persecute. A primitive root; to run after (of time) gone by).">so that he pursued</a> <a href="/hebrew/310.htm" title="310: ’a·ḥă·rê (Prep) -- The hind or following part. From 'achar; properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after."></a> <a href="/hebrew/1121.htm" title="1121: bə·nê (N-mpc) -- Son. From banah; a son, in the widest sense (like 'ab, 'ach, etc.).">the Israelites,</a> <a href="/hebrew/3478.htm" title="3478: yiś·rā·’êl (N-proper-ms) -- From sarah and 'el; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also of his posterity."></a> <a href="/hebrew/1121.htm" title="1121: ū·ḇə·nê (Conj-w:: N-mpc) -- Son. From banah; a son, in the widest sense (like 'ab, 'ach, etc.)."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3478.htm" title="3478: yiś·rā·’êl (N-proper-ms) -- From sarah and 'el; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also of his posterity."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3318.htm" title="3318: yō·ṣə·’îm (V-Qal-Prtcpl-mp) -- A primitive root; to go out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.">who were marching out</a> <a href="/hebrew/3027.htm" title="3027: bə·yāḏ (Prep-b:: N-fs) -- Hand (indicating power, means, direction, etc.)">defiantly.</a> <a href="/hebrew/7311.htm" title="7311: rā·māh (V-Qal-Prtcpl-fs) -- To be high or exalted, rise. A primitive root; to be high actively, to rise or raise."></a> </span><span class="reftext">9</span>The Egyptians—all Pharaoh’s horses and chariots, horsemen and troops—pursued the Israelites and overtook them as they camped by the sea near Pi-hahiroth, opposite Baal-zephon.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/romans/9-17.htm">Romans 9:17-18</a></span><br />For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.” / Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/hebrews/11-29.htm">Hebrews 11:29</a></span><br />By faith the people passed through the Red Sea as on dry land; but when the Egyptians tried to follow, they were drowned.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/joshua/24-6.htm">Joshua 24:6-7</a></span><br />When I brought your fathers out of Egypt and you reached the Red Sea, the Egyptians pursued them with chariots and horsemen as far as the Red Sea. / So your fathers cried out to the LORD, and He put darkness between you and the Egyptians, over whom He brought the sea and engulfed them. Your very eyes saw what I did to the Egyptians. Then you lived in the wilderness for a long time.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/nehemiah/9-9.htm">Nehemiah 9:9-11</a></span><br />You saw the affliction of our fathers in Egypt; You heard their cry at the Red Sea. / You performed signs and wonders against Pharaoh, all his officials, and all the people of his land, for You knew they had acted with arrogance against our fathers. You made a name for Yourself that endures to this day. / You divided the sea before them, and they crossed through it on dry ground. You hurled their pursuers into the depths like a stone into raging waters.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/106-7.htm">Psalm 106:7-11</a></span><br />Our fathers in Egypt did not grasp Your wonders or remember Your abundant kindness; but they rebelled by the sea, there at the Red Sea. / Yet He saved them for the sake of His name, to make His power known. / He rebuked the Red Sea, and it dried up; He led them through the depths as through a desert. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/7-36.htm">Acts 7:36</a></span><br />He led them out and performed wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, at the Red Sea, and for forty years in the wilderness.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_corinthians/10-1.htm">1 Corinthians 10:1-2</a></span><br />I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, that our forefathers were all under the cloud, and that they all passed through the sea. / They were all baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/11-4.htm">Deuteronomy 11:4</a></span><br />what He did to the Egyptian army and horses and chariots when He made the waters of the Red Sea engulf them as they pursued you, and how He destroyed them completely, even to this day;<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/psalms/136-13.htm">Psalm 136:13-15</a></span><br />He divided the Red Sea in two His loving devotion endures forever. / and led Israel through the midst, His loving devotion endures forever. / but swept Pharaoh and his army into the Red Sea. His loving devotion endures forever.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/63-11.htm">Isaiah 63:11-13</a></span><br />Then His people remembered the days of old, the days of Moses. Where is He who brought them through the sea with the shepherds of His flock? Where is the One who set His Holy Spirit among them, / who sent His glorious arm to lead them by the right hand of Moses, who divided the waters before them to gain for Himself everlasting renown, / who led them through the depths like a horse in the wilderness, so that they did not stumble?<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/15-9.htm">Exodus 15:9-10</a></span><br />The enemy declared, ‘I will pursue, I will overtake. I will divide the spoils; I will gorge myself on them. I will draw my sword; my hand will destroy them.’ / But You blew with Your breath, and the sea covered them. They sank like lead in the mighty waters.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/numbers/33-3.htm">Numbers 33:3-4</a></span><br />On the fifteenth day of the first month, on the day after the Passover, the Israelites set out from Rameses. They marched out defiantly in full view of all the Egyptians, / who were burying all their firstborn, whom the LORD had struck down among them; for the LORD had executed judgment against their gods.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/deuteronomy/1-30.htm">Deuteronomy 1:30</a></span><br />The LORD your God, who goes before you, will fight for you, just as you saw Him do for you in Egypt<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/judges/5-31.htm">Judges 5:31</a></span><br />So may all Your enemies perish, O LORD! But may those who love You shine like the sun at its brightest.” And the land had rest for forty years.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_kings/17-7.htm">2 Kings 17:7</a></span><br />All this happened because the people of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, who had brought them out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt. They had worshiped other gods</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went out with an high hand.</p><p class="hdg">the Lord</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/14-4.htm">Exodus 14:4</a></b></br> And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that he shall follow after them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; that the Egyptians may know that I <i>am</i> the LORD. And they did so.</p><p class="hdg">with an high hand</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/6-1.htm">Exodus 6:1</a></b></br> Then the LORD said unto Moses, Now shalt thou see what I will do to Pharaoh: for with a strong hand shall he let them go, and with a strong hand shall he drive them out of his land.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/exodus/13-9.htm">Exodus 13:9,16,18</a></b></br> And it shall be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, and for a memorial between thine eyes, that the LORD'S law may be in thy mouth: for with a strong hand hath the LORD brought thee out of Egypt… </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/numbers/33-3.htm">Numbers 33:3</a></b></br> And they departed from Rameses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month; on the morrow after the passover the children of Israel went out with an high hand in the sight of all the Egyptians.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/genesis/34-25.htm">Boldly</a> <a href="/acts/26-11.htm">Chased</a> <a href="/exodus/14-3.htm">Children</a> <a href="/job/15-26.htm">Defiantly</a> <a href="/exodus/14-7.htm">Egypt</a> <a href="/exodus/13-16.htm">Forth</a> <a href="/exodus/13-16.htm">Hand</a> <a href="/exodus/14-4.htm">Hard</a> <a href="/exodus/11-10.htm">Hardened</a> <a href="/exodus/14-5.htm">Heart</a> <a href="/genesis/49-25.htm">High</a> <a href="/exodus/14-5.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/exodus/14-5.htm">Israelites</a> <a href="/luke/14-31.htm">Marching</a> <a href="/exodus/14-5.htm">Pharaoh</a> <a href="/exodus/14-4.htm">Pursued</a> <a href="/genesis/31-23.htm">Pursueth</a> <a href="/exodus/11-10.htm">Strengtheneth</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/numbers/13-30.htm">Boldly</a> <a href="/exodus/14-9.htm">Chased</a> <a href="/exodus/14-10.htm">Children</a> <a href="/numbers/15-30.htm">Defiantly</a> <a href="/exodus/14-11.htm">Egypt</a> <a href="/exodus/14-11.htm">Forth</a> <a href="/exodus/14-16.htm">Hand</a> <a href="/exodus/14-17.htm">Hard</a> <a href="/deuteronomy/2-30.htm">Hardened</a> <a href="/exodus/14-17.htm">Heart</a> <a href="/exodus/16-21.htm">High</a> <a href="/exodus/14-10.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/exodus/14-9.htm">Israelites</a> <a href="/exodus/14-10.htm">Marching</a> <a href="/exodus/14-9.htm">Pharaoh</a> <a href="/exodus/14-9.htm">Pursued</a> <a href="/leviticus/26-17.htm">Pursueth</a> <a href="/judges/3-12.htm">Strengtheneth</a><div class="vheading2">Exodus 14</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/14-1.htm">God instructs the Israelites in their journey</a></span><br><span class="reftext">5. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/14-5.htm">Pharaoh pursues after them</a></span><br><span class="reftext">10. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/14-10.htm">The Israelites murmur</a></span><br><span class="reftext">13. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/14-13.htm">Moses comforts them</a></span><br><span class="reftext">15. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/14-15.htm">God instructs Moses</a></span><br><span class="reftext">19. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/14-19.htm">The cloud removes behind the camp</a></span><br><span class="reftext">21. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/exodus/14-21.htm">The Israelites pass through the Red sea, which drowns the Egyptians</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; 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The hardening of Pharaoh's heart is a recurring theme in Exodus, emphasizing God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His purposes. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the heart was seen as the center of will and decision-making. The hardening signifies a divine judgment, allowing Pharaoh to act according to his own stubbornness, which ultimately leads to God's glory being displayed through the deliverance of Israel. This act also serves as a demonstration of God's power over the gods of Egypt, as Pharaoh was considered a deity himself.<p><b>so that he pursued the Israelites</b><br>Pharaoh's pursuit of the Israelites is a direct consequence of his hardened heart. Historically, the Egyptians had a powerful military, and their pursuit would have been a formidable threat to the fleeing Israelites. This pursuit sets the stage for the miraculous crossing of the Red Sea, a pivotal event in Israel's history that is frequently referenced throughout Scripture as a symbol of God's deliverance and faithfulness. The pursuit also highlights the tension between human free will and divine sovereignty, as Pharaoh's actions fulfill God's plan for Israel's liberation.<p><b>who were marching out defiantly</b><br>The Israelites' defiant march signifies their newfound freedom and confidence in God's deliverance. This defiance can be seen as an act of faith, trusting in God's promise to lead them to the Promised Land. Culturally, this defiance is significant as it represents a break from centuries of slavery and oppression in Egypt. The term "defiantly" suggests a boldness and courage that comes from their trust in God's protection. This moment foreshadows the future challenges and tests of faith the Israelites will face in the wilderness, as well as the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_lord.htm">The LORD (Yahweh)</a></b><br>The covenant God of Israel, who actively intervenes in the events of history to fulfill His purposes.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/p/pharaoh,_king_of_egypt.htm">Pharaoh, King of Egypt</a></b><br>The ruler of Egypt, whose heart was hardened by God, leading him to pursue the Israelites.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_israelites.htm">The Israelites</a></b><br>The descendants of Jacob, who were enslaved in Egypt and are now being led out by Moses.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/e/egypt.htm">Egypt</a></b><br>The land where the Israelites were enslaved, representing a place of bondage and oppression.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/t/the_exodus.htm">The Exodus</a></b><br>The event of the Israelites leaving Egypt, symbolizing deliverance and the fulfillment of God's promises.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty.htm">God's Sovereignty</a></b><br>God is in control of all events, including the hearts of rulers. This should give us confidence in His ultimate plan, even when circumstances seem dire.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/h/human_responsibility.htm">Human Responsibility</a></b><br>While God hardened Pharaoh's heart, Pharaoh was still responsible for his actions. We must be aware of our own hearts and seek to align them with God's will.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/f/faith_in_deliverance.htm">Faith in Deliverance</a></b><br>The Israelites marched out defiantly, trusting in God's promise of deliverance. We are called to walk in faith, trusting God to lead us out of our own "Egypts."<br><br><b><a href="/topical/s/spiritual_warfare.htm">Spiritual Warfare</a></b><br>Pharaoh's pursuit of the Israelites can be seen as a spiritual battle. We must be vigilant and rely on God's strength to overcome the enemy's pursuit.<br><br><b><a href="/topical/o/obedience_to_god's_call.htm">Obedience to God's Call</a></b><br>The Israelites' exodus was a response to God's call. We must be willing to step out in obedience, even when the path is uncertain.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_exodus_14.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Exodus 14</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what_happens_in_exodus.htm">What events occur in the biblical book of Exodus?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what_did_moses_mean_by_'let_my_people_go'.htm">What did Moses mean by 'Let my people go'?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what_does_the_bible_say_on_swearing.htm">Why does God cause people's hearts to harden?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_does_scripture_show_collective_punishment.htm">Ezekiel 33:17 - If God's ways are truly just, why do we see instances of collective punishment and suffering elsewhere in Scripture?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/exodus/14.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(8) <span class= "bld">The children of Israel went out.</span>--Rather, <span class= "ital">were going out.</span><p><span class= "bld">With an high hand</span>--i.e., confidently, boldly, perhaps somewhat proudly, as having brought the Egyptians to entreat them to take their departure (<a href="/exodus/12-33.htm" title="And the Egyptians were urgent on the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men.">Exodus 12:33</a>).<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/exodus/14.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 8.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">The Children of Israel went out with a high hand</span> <span class="accented">- i.e.</span>, boldly and confidently, not as fugitives, but as men in the exercise of their just fights - perhaps with a certain amount of ostentation. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/exodus/14-8.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">And the LORD</span><br /><span class="heb">יְהֹוָ֗ה</span> <span class="translit">(Yah·weh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3068.htm">Strong's 3068: </a> </span><span class="str2">LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel</span><br /><br /><span class="word">hardened</span><br /><span class="heb">וַיְחַזֵּ֣ק</span> <span class="translit">(way·ḥaz·zêq)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2388.htm">Strong's 2388: </a> </span><span class="str2">To fasten upon, to seize, be strong, obstinate, to bind, restrain, conquer</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the heart</span><br /><span class="heb">לֵ֤ב</span> <span class="translit">(lêḇ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3820.htm">Strong's 3820: </a> </span><span class="str2">The heart, the feelings, the will, the intellect, centre</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of Pharaoh</span><br /><span class="heb">פַּרְעֹה֙</span> <span class="translit">(par·‘ōh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6547.htm">Strong's 6547: </a> </span><span class="str2">Pharaoh -- a title of Egypt kings</span><br /><br /><span class="word">king</span><br /><span class="heb">מֶ֣לֶךְ</span> <span class="translit">(me·leḵ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> </span><span class="str2">A king</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of Egypt</span><br /><span class="heb">מִצְרַ֔יִם</span> <span class="translit">(miṣ·ra·yim)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4714.htm">Strong's 4714: </a> </span><span class="str2">Egypt -- a son of Ham, also his descendants and their country in Northwest Africa</span><br /><br /><span class="word">so that he pursued</span><br /><span class="heb">וַיִּרְדֹּ֕ף</span> <span class="translit">(way·yir·dōp̄)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7291.htm">Strong's 7291: </a> </span><span class="str2">To pursue, chase, persecute</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the Israelites,</span><br /><span class="heb">בְּנֵ֣י</span> <span class="translit">(bə·nê)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - masculine plural construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1121.htm">Strong's 1121: </a> </span><span class="str2">A son</span><br /><br /><span class="word">who were marching out</span><br /><span class="heb">יֹצְאִ֖ים</span> <span class="translit">(yō·ṣə·’îm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3318.htm">Strong's 3318: </a> </span><span class="str2">To go, bring, out, direct and proxim</span><br /><br /><span class="word">with fists</span><br /><span class="heb">בְּיָ֥ד</span> <span class="translit">(bə·yāḏ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3027.htm">Strong's 3027: </a> </span><span class="str2">A hand</span><br /><br /><span class="word">raised [in defiance].</span><br /><span class="heb">רָמָֽה׃</span> <span class="translit">(rā·māh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_7311.htm">Strong's 7311: </a> </span><span class="str2">To be high actively, to rise, raise</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/exodus/14-8.htm">Exodus 14:8 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/exodus/14-8.htm">Exodus 14:8 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/exodus/14-8.htm">Exodus 14:8 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/exodus/14-8.htm">Exodus 14:8 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/exodus/14-8.htm">Exodus 14:8 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/exodus/14-8.htm">Exodus 14:8 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/exodus/14-8.htm">Exodus 14:8 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/exodus/14-8.htm">Exodus 14:8 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/exodus/14-8.htm">Exodus 14:8 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/exodus/14-8.htm">Exodus 14:8 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/exodus/14-8.htm">OT Law: Exodus 14:8 Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh king (Exo. Ex) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/exodus/14-7.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Exodus 14:7"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Exodus 14:7" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/exodus/14-9.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Exodus 14:9"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Exodus 14:9" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>