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id="toc-Development_and_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_and_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Development and expansion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_and_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012–2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012–2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 2012–2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012–2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 2023–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Organization </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organization subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Budget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Budget </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Network </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratings/impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratings/impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Ratings/impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratings/impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Followers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Followers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Followers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Followers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Programming </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programming-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Programming subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Alyona_Show" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Alyona_Show"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 The Alyona Show </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Alyona_Show-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adam_vs._the_Man" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adam_vs._the_Man"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Adam vs. the Man </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adam_vs._the_Man-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Tomorrow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Tomorrow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 World Tomorrow </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Tomorrow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_shows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_shows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Other shows </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_shows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-#1917LIVE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="##1917LIVE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 #1917LIVE </div> </a> <ul id="toc-#1917LIVE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Programs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.1 Current </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.2 Former </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On-air_staff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On-air_staff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 On-air staff </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On-air_staff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Guests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Content </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Content-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Content subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Propaganda_and_related_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propaganda_and_related_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Propaganda and related issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propaganda_and_related_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disinformation_and_conspiracy_theories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disinformation_and_conspiracy_theories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Disinformation and conspiracy theories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disinformation_and_conspiracy_theories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment_of_Putin_and_Medvedev" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_of_Putin_and_Medvedev"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Treatment of Putin and Medvedev </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment_of_Putin_and_Medvedev-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-Americanism_and_anti-Westernism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-Americanism_and_anti-Westernism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Anti-Americanism and anti-Westernism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-Americanism_and_anti-Westernism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli–Palestinian_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli–Palestinian_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Israeli–Palestinian conflict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli–Palestinian_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change_denial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change_denial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Climate change denial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change_denial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COVID-19_misinformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_misinformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 COVID-19 misinformation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_misinformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Responses </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Responses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Responses subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_involvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_involvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Political involvement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_involvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Other responses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2008–2012" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008–2012"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.1 2008–2012 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008–2012-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.2 2014 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2015–2016" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015–2016"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.3 2015–2016 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015–2016-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2017–2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2017–2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.4 2017–2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2017–2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.5 2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.6 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.7 2024 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Awards and nominations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">RT (TV network)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" > 57 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%8A_(%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2)" title="آر تي (شبكة تلفاز) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آر تي (شبكة تلفاز)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF_(%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95)" title="আরটি (টিভি নেটওয়ার্ক) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আরটি (টিভি নেটওয়ার্ক)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_Today" title="Russia Today – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Russia Today" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(televizn%C3%AD_stanice)" title="RT (televizní stanice) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="RT (televizní stanice)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_Today" title="Russia Today – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Russia Today" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(Fernsehsender)" title="RT (Fernsehsender) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="RT (Fernsehsender)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(telev%C3%B5rk)" title="RT (televõrk) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="RT (televõrk)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BF)" title="RT (τηλεοπτικό δίκτυο) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="RT (τηλεοπτικό δίκτυο)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(telebista_katea)" title="RT (telebista katea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="RT (telebista katea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="آرتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(cha%C3%AEne_de_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision)" title="RT (chaîne de télévision) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="RT (chaîne de télévision)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EB%B9%84%EC%A0%84_%EB%84%A4%ED%8A%B8%EC%9B%8C%ED%81%AC)" title="RT (텔레비전 네트워크) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="RT (텔레비전 네트워크)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_Today" title="Russia Today – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Russia Today" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(jaringan_televisi)" title="RT (jaringan televisi) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="RT (jaringan televisi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(rete_televisiva)" title="RT (rete televisiva) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="RT (rete televisiva)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_Today" title="Russia Today – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Russia Today" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(TV)" title="RT (TV) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="RT (TV)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3s_csatorna)" title="RT (televíziós csatorna) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="RT (televíziós csatorna)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="रशिया टुडे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशिया टुडे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(televisiezender)" title="RT (televisiezender) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="RT (televisiezender)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%87%E3%82%A4" title="ロシア・トゥデイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア・トゥデイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(russiske_TV-kanaler)" title="RT (russiske TV-kanaler) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="RT (russiske TV-kanaler)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_Today" title="Russia Today – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Russia Today" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(stacja_telewizyjna)" title="RT (stacja telewizyjna) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="RT (stacja telewizyjna)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(canal_de_televis%C3%A3o)" title="RT (canal de televisão) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="RT (canal de televisão)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_Today" title="Russia Today – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Russia Today" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_Today" title="Russia Today – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Russia Today" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_Today" title="Russia Today – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Russia Today" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(medij)" title="RT (medij) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="RT (medij)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%95_%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ئاڕ تی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاڕ تی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(TV_mre%C5%BEa)" title="RT (TV mreža) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="RT (TV mreža)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(TV-kanal)" title="RT (TV-kanal) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="RT (TV-kanal)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="รัสเซียทูเดย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัสเซียทูเดย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT" title="RT – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="RT" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(m%E1%BA%A1ng_truy%E1%BB%81n_h%C3%ACnh)" title="RT (mạng truyền hình) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="RT (mạng truyền hình)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B0" title="今日俄罗斯电视台 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="今日俄罗斯电视台" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_Today" title="Russia Today – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="Russia Today" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%8F%B0" title="RT电视台 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="RT电视台" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Russian state-controlled international television network</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Russia Today" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Rossiya_Segodnya" title="Rossiya Segodnya">Rossiya Segodnya</a> or <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation_Today" title="Russian Federation Today">Russian Federation Today</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"ANO TV-Novosti" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"RTTV" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/RTVI" title="RTVI">RTVI</a> or <a href="/wiki/RTV_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="RTV (disambiguation)">RTV</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Television channel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250536050">.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-availability .infobox-header{background-color:#bfdfff;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{font-size:100%;background-color:#bfdfff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-availability .infobox-header,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-availability .infobox-header,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-tv-channel-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-tv-channel"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">RT</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-today-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Russia-today-logo.svg/200px-Russia-today-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Russia-today-logo.svg/300px-Russia-today-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Russia-today-logo.svg/400px-Russia-today-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">State media</a>,<a href="#cite_note-state_media-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/News_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="News channel">news channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a><a href="#cite_note-propaganda-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Russia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Broadcast area</th><td class="infobox-data label">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Borovaya Street, Building 3/1, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Programming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data category">News channel: English, French, German, Arabic & Spanish Documentary <a href="/wiki/Television_channel" title="Television channel">channel</a>: English, Russian Online platforms: Portuguese (Brazil) & Serbian.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Picture format</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i</a> (<a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a>) (downscaled to <a href="/wiki/16:9" class="mw-redirect" title="16:9">16:9</a> <a href="/wiki/480i" title="480i">480i</a>/<a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a> for the <a href="/wiki/SDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="SDTV">SDTV</a> feed)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Ownership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">ANO "TV-Novosti"<a href="#cite_note-RT_Contact_info-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sister channels</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RT_America" title="RT America">RT America</a> (2010–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_France" title="RT France">RT France</a> (2017–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_UK" title="RT UK">RT UK</a> (2014–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_DE" title="RT DE">RT DE</a> (2014–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="RT en Español">RT en Español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_Arabic" title="RT Arabic">RT Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_Documentary" title="RT Documentary">RT Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruptly" title="Ruptly">Ruptly</a><a href="#cite_note-Ruptly-4">[4]</a> (including Redfish and <a href="/wiki/Maffick" title="Maffick">Maffick</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Times_Redfish-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN_Maffick-6">[6]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">6 April 2005; 19 years ago</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">10 December 2005; 18 years ago (2005-12-10) (registered on 6 April 2005)<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Former names</th><td class="infobox-data">Russia Today (2005–2009)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Webcast" title="Webcast">Webcast</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://swentr.site/on-air/">https://swentr.site/on-air/</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22868#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> RT, formerly Russia Today (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Россия Сегодня, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: Rossiya Segodnya),<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> is a Russian <a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">state-controlled</a><a href="#cite_note-state_media-1">[1]</a> international news television network funded by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian government">Russian government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MaxFisher-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nimmo-16">[16]</a> It operates <a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">pay television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_channel" title="Television channel">channels</a> directed to audiences outside of Russia, as well as providing Internet content in Russian, English, Spanish, French, German, Arabic, Portuguese and Serbian. RT is a brand of TV-Novosti - self-named an "autonomous non-profit organization" (ANO) - founded by the Russian state-owned news agency <a href="/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a> in April 2005.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> During the economic crisis in December 2008, the Russian government, headed by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, included ANO "TV-Novosti" on its <a href="/wiki/List_of_strategic_organizations_of_Russia" title="List of strategic organizations of Russia">list of core organizations of strategic importance to Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> RT operates as a multilingual service with channels in five languages: the original English-language channel was launched in 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Rusiya_Al-Yaum" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusiya Al-Yaum">Arabic-language channel</a> in 2007, <a href="/wiki/RT_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="RT Spanish">Spanish</a> in 2009, <a href="/wiki/RT_DE" title="RT DE">German</a> in 2014 and <a href="/wiki/RT_en_fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="RT en français">French</a> in 2017. <a href="/wiki/RT_America" title="RT America">RT America</a> (2010–2022),<a href="#cite_note-vonTwickel-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Darcy-2022-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/RT_UK" title="RT UK">RT UK</a> (2014–2022) and other regional channels also produce local content. RT is the parent company of the <a href="/wiki/Ruptly" title="Ruptly">Ruptly</a> video agency,<a href="#cite_note-Ruptly-4">[4]</a> which owns the Redfish video channel and the <a href="/wiki/Maffick" title="Maffick">Maffick</a> digital media company.<a href="#cite_note-Times_Redfish-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN_Maffick-6">[6]</a> RT has regularly been described as a major <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in the Russian Federation">propaganda</a> outlet for the Russian government and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia" title="Foreign relations of Russia">its foreign policy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-propaganda-2">[2]</a> Academics, fact-checkers, and news reporters (including some current and former RT reporters) have identified RT as a purveyor of <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a><a href="#cite_note-disinformation-57">[57]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories">conspiracy theories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-conspiracy_theories-64">[64]</a> UK media regulator <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> has repeatedly found RT to have breached its rules on impartiality, including multiple instances in which RT broadcast "materially misleading" content.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In 2012, RT's <a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">editor-in-chief</a> <a href="/wiki/Margarita_Simonyan" title="Margarita Simonyan">Margarita Simonyan</a> compared the channel to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Russian Ministry of Defence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eu150118-72">[72]</a> Referring to the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a>, she stated that it was "waging an <a href="/wiki/Information_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Information war">information war</a>, and with the entire Western world".<a href="#cite_note-Nimmo-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-kommersant070412-73">[73]</a> In September 2017, RT America was ordered to register as a <a href="/wiki/Foreign_agent" title="Foreign agent">foreign agent</a> with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agents_Registration_Act" title="Foreign Agents Registration Act">Foreign Agents Registration Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> RT was banned in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> in 2014 after <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Russia's annexation of Crimea</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_ban-75">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> implemented similar bans in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Latvia_ban-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lithuania_ban-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> banned <a href="/wiki/RT_DE" title="RT DE">RT DE</a> in February 2022.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> formally banned RT and independent service providers in over 10 countries suspended broadcasts of RT.<a href="#cite_note-CRTC-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chmielewski_2022-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Social media websites followed by blocking external links to RT's website and restricting access to RT's content.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters20220301-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> removed RT from <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">their app store</a> and de-ranked their search results on <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bing" title="Microsoft Bing">Bing</a>,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> removed the RT app from all countries except for Russia.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> However, RT content continues to be <a href="/wiki/Information_laundering" title="Information laundering">laundered</a> through third-party sites.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia-Today-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Russia-Today-Logo.svg/150px-Russia-Today-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Russia-Today-Logo.svg/225px-Russia-Today-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Russia-Today-Logo.svg/300px-Russia-Today-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="99" /></a><figcaption>RT's first logo from 2005 to 2009</figcaption></figure> RT's formation was part of a <a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">public relations</a> effort by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Government">Russian Government</a> in 2005 to improve Russia's image abroad.<a href="#cite_note-ForeignPolicy-88">[88]</a> RT was conceived by former media minister <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lesin" title="Mikhail Lesin">Mikhail Lesin</a><a href="#cite_note-Osborn-89">[89]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Gromov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksei Gromov">Aleksei Gromov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> At the time of RT's founding, <a href="/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">RIA Novosti</a> director <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Mironyuk" title="Svetlana Mironyuk">Svetlana Mironyuk</a> stated: "Unfortunately, at the level of mass consciousness in the West, Russia is associated with three words: communism, snow and poverty", and added "we would like to present a more complete picture of life in our country".<a href="#cite_note-Osborn-89">[89]</a> RT is funded by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Agency_for_Press_and_Mass_Media_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Agency for Press and Mass Media (Russia)">Federal Agency for Press and Mass Media</a>, part of the government of Russia.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> In 2005, RIA Novosti founded ANO TV-Novosti (or "Autonomous Non-profit Organization TV-News") to serve as the parent organization for RT. ANO TV-Novosti was registered on 6 April 2005,<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-7">[7]</a> and Sergey Frolov (Сергей Фролов) was appointed its <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medvedev_-_Russia_Today_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Medvedev_-_Russia_Today_3.jpg/220px-Medvedev_-_Russia_Today_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Medvedev_-_Russia_Today_3.jpg/330px-Medvedev_-_Russia_Today_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Medvedev_-_Russia_Today_3.jpg/440px-Medvedev_-_Russia_Today_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> visits RT offices with Editor-in-Chief <a href="/wiki/Margarita_Simonyan" title="Margarita Simonyan">Margarita Simonyan</a></figcaption></figure> The channel was launched as Russia Today on 10 December 2005. At its launch, the channel employed 300 journalists, including approximately 70 from outside Russia.<a href="#cite_note-ForeignPolicy-88">[88]</a> Russia Today appointed <a href="/wiki/Margarita_Simonyan" title="Margarita Simonyan">Margarita Simonyan</a> as its editor-in-chief; she recruited foreign journalists as presenters and consultants.<a href="#cite_note-Osborn-89">[89]</a> Simonyan, aged 25 years old when she was appointed, was a former <a href="/wiki/Kremlin_pool" title="Kremlin pool">Kremlin pool</a> reporter who had worked in journalism since she was 18. She told <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> that after the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of the Soviet Union">fall of the Soviet Union</a>, many new young journalists were hired, resulting in a much younger pool of staffers than other news organizations.<a href="#cite_note-Heyman-94">[94]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Danny_Schechter" title="Danny Schechter">Danny Schechter</a> (who has appeared as a guest on RT)<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> stated that, having been part of the launch staff at <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, he saw RT as another "channel of young people who are inexperienced, but very enthusiastic about what they are doing".<a href="#cite_note-Walker-96">[96]</a> Shortly after the channel was launched, James Painter wrote that RT and similar news channels such as <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a> and <a href="/wiki/TeleSUR" class="mw-redirect" title="TeleSUR">TeleSUR</a> saw themselves as "counter-hegemonic", offering a differing vision and news content from that of <a href="/wiki/Western_media" title="Western media">Western media</a> like CNN and the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Painter-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_and_expansion">Development and expansion</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Medvedev_took_part_in_the_launch_of_Russia_Today_Documentary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Dmitry_Medvedev_took_part_in_the_launch_of_Russia_Today_Documentary.jpg/220px-Dmitry_Medvedev_took_part_in_the_launch_of_Russia_Today_Documentary.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Dmitry_Medvedev_took_part_in_the_launch_of_Russia_Today_Documentary.jpg/330px-Dmitry_Medvedev_took_part_in_the_launch_of_Russia_Today_Documentary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Dmitry_Medvedev_took_part_in_the_launch_of_Russia_Today_Documentary.jpg/440px-Dmitry_Medvedev_took_part_in_the_launch_of_Russia_Today_Documentary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Dmitry Medvedev took part in the launch of RT Documentary</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_2.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_2.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_2.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Vladimir Putin during a visit to the new RT broadcasting centre</figcaption></figure> RT launched several new channels in ensuing years: the Arabic language channel <a href="/wiki/Rusiya_Al-Yaum" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusiya Al-Yaum">Rusiya Al-Yaum</a> in 2007, the Spanish language channel <a href="/wiki/RT_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="RT en Español">Actualidad RT</a> in 2009, RT America – which focuses on the United States – in 2010, and the RT Documentary channel in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-vonTwickel-21">[21]</a> In August 2007, Russia Today became the first television channel to report live from the North Pole (with the report lasting five minutes and 41 seconds). An RT crew participated in the <a href="/wiki/Arktika_2007" title="Arktika 2007">Arktika 2007</a> Russian polar expedition, led by <a href="/wiki/Artur_Chilingarov" title="Artur Chilingarov">Artur Chilingarov</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Akademik_Fyodorov" class="mw-redirect" title="Akademik Fyodorov">Akademik Fyodorov</a> <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreaker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zagorodnov-99">[99]</a> On 31 December 2007, RT's broadcasts of New Year's Eve celebrations in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> were broadcast in the hours prior to the New Year's Eve event at <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City's</a> <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zagorodnov-99">[99]</a> Russia Today drew particular attention worldwide for its coverage of the <a href="/wiki/2008_South_Ossetia_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 South Ossetia war">2008 South Ossetia war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zagorodnov-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rowland-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weigel-101">[101]</a> RT named <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> as the aggressor<a href="#cite_note-Weigel-101">[101]</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">separatist</a> governments of <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>, which were protected by Russian troops.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> RT saw this as the incident that showcased its newsgathering abilities to the world.<a href="#cite_note-Ioffe-42">[42]</a> Margarita Simonyan stated: "we were the only ones among the English-language media who were giving the other side of the story – the South Ossetian side of the story".<a href="#cite_note-Rowland-100">[100]</a> In 2009, Russia Today was rebranded to "RT", which <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> academics Jack Nassetta and Kimberly Gross described as an "[attempt] to shed state affiliation".<a href="#cite_note-HKS_2020-14">[14]</a> Simonyan said the company had not changed names but the company's corporate logo was changed to attract more viewers: "who is interested in watching news from Russia all day long?"<a href="#cite_note-vonTwickel-21">[21]</a> Julia Ioffe also describes 2009, when the Barack Obama administration came to office "promising a different approach toward Russia", as a time when RT became "more international and less anti-American", and "built a state-of-the-art studio and newsroom" in the U.S. capital<a href="#cite_note-Ioffe-42">[42]</a> In early 2010, RT unveiled an advertising campaign to promote its new "Question More" slogan.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The campaign was created by Ketchum, GPlus, and London's Portland PR.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Harding_RT-44">[44]</a> One of the advertisements featured as part of the campaign showed U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> <a href="/wiki/Morphing" title="Morphing">morphing</a> into Iranian leader <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a> and asked: "Who poses the greatest nuclear threat?" The ad was banned in American airports. Another showed a Western soldier "merging" with a <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> fighter and asked: "Is terror only inflicted by terrorists?"<a href="#cite_note-Burrell-104">[104]</a> One of RT's 2010 billboard advertisements won the British Awards for National Newspaper Advertising "Ad of the Month".<a href="#cite_note-Advertising-105">[105]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Walter Isaacson</a>, Chairman of the U.S. Government's <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Board_of_Governors" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting Board of Governors">Broadcasting Board of Governors</a>, which runs <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Asia" title="Radio Free Asia">Radio Free Asia</a>, called for more money to invest in the programs because "We can't allow ourselves to be out-communicated by our enemies", specifically mentioning Russia Today, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Press_TV" title="Press TV">Press TV</a> and China's <a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">China Central Television</a> (CCTV) in the following sentence. He later explained that he actually was referring to "enemies" in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, not the countries he mentioned.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> stated that the U.S. was "losing the information war" abroad to foreign channels like RT, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> and China Central Television<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> and that they were supplanting the Voice of America.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012–2021">2012–2021</h3></div> In early 2012, shortly after his appointment as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Russia">U.S. Ambassador to Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_McFaul" title="Michael McFaul">Michael McFaul</a> challenged Margarita Simonyan<a href="#cite_note-HuffPoPutin-110">[110]</a> on Twitter about allegations from RT<a href="#cite_note-Toohey-111">[111]</a> that he had sent Russian opposition figure <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Navalny" title="Alexei Navalny">Alexei Navalny</a> to study at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPoPutin-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Toohey-111">[111]</a> According to RT, McFaul was referring to a comment in an article by political scientist <a href="/wiki/Igor_Panarin" title="Igor Panarin">Igor Panarin</a>, which RT had specified were the views of the author.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> McFaul then accepted an interview by Sophie Shevardnadze on RT on this and other issues and reasserted that the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama administration</a> wanted a <a href="/wiki/Russian_reset" title="Russian reset">"reset" in relations</a> with Russia.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> On 17 April 2012, RT debuted <a href="/wiki/World_Tomorrow" title="World Tomorrow">World Tomorrow</a>, a news interview programme hosted by <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a>. The first guest on the program was <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah" title="Hassan Nasrallah">Hassan Nasrallah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stanley-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The interview made global headlines as Nasrallah rarely gives interviews to Western media.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor-119">[119]</a> Commentators described this as a "coup".<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> WikiLeaks described the show as "a series of in-depth conversations with key political players, thinkers and revolutionaries from around the world".<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> It stated that the show is "independently produced and Assange has control"; WikiLeaks offers a "Broadcasters license, only".<a href="#cite_note-Lucas-123">[123]</a> Assange said that RT allowed his guests to discuss things that they "could not say on a mainstream TV network".<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Assange's production company made the show and Assange had full editorial control. Assange said that, if WikiLeaks had published large amounts of compromising data on Russia, his relationship with RT might not have been so comfortable.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor-119">[119]</a> In August of that year, RT suffered a <a href="/wiki/Denial_of_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial of service">denial of service</a> attack. Some people linked the attack to RT's connection with Assange, and others to an impending court verdict related to <a href="/wiki/Pussy_Riot" title="Pussy Riot">Pussy Riot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> On 23 October 2012, RT, along with Al Jazeera and <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>, broadcast the <a href="/wiki/Free_and_Equal_Elections_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and Equal Elections Foundation">Free and Equal Elections Foundation</a> third-party debate among four third-party <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">candidates for President</a> of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> On 5 November, RT broadcast the two candidates that were voted winners of that debate, <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> candidate Governor <a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a>, from RT's <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> studio.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> In May 2013, RT announced that former CNN host <a href="/wiki/Larry_King" title="Larry King">Larry King</a> would host a new talk show on RT. King said in an advertisement on RT: "I would rather ask questions to people in positions of power, instead of speaking on their behalf."<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> As part of the deal, King would also bring his <a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a> series <a href="/wiki/Larry_King_Now" title="Larry King Now">Larry King Now</a> to RT. On 13 June 2013, RT aired a preview telecast of King's new Thursday evening program Politicking, with the episode discussing <a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a>'s leaking of the <a href="/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="PRISM (surveillance program)">PRISM surveillance program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Vladimir_Putin_visited_the_new_Russia_Today_broadcasting_centre_%282013%29.webm/220px--Vladimir_Putin_visited_the_new_Russia_Today_broadcasting_centre_%282013%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="4369" data-mwtitle="Vladimir_Putin_visited_the_new_Russia_Today_broadcasting_centre_(2013).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_visited_the_new_Russia_Today_broadcasting_centre_(2013).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Vladimir_Putin_visited_the_new_Russia_Today_broadcasting_centre_%282013%29.webm/Vladimir_Putin_visited_the_new_Russia_Today_broadcasting_centre_%282013%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Vladimir_Putin_visited_the_new_Russia_Today_broadcasting_centre_%282013%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Vladimir_Putin_visited_the_new_Russia_Today_broadcasting_centre_%282013%29.webm/Vladimir_Putin_visited_the_new_Russia_Today_broadcasting_centre_%282013%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Vladimir_Putin_visited_the_new_Russia_Today_broadcasting_centre_%282013%29.webm/Vladimir_Putin_visited_the_new_Russia_Today_broadcasting_centre_%282013%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AVladimir_Putin_visited_the_new_Russia_Today_broadcasting_centre_%282013%29.webm&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> 2013 visit to RT's new broadcasting centre and interview with RT correspondents</figcaption></figure> Vladimir Putin visited the new RT broadcasting centre in June 2013 and stated: <blockquote>"When we designed this project back in 2005 we intended introducing another strong player on the international scene, a player that wouldn't just provide an unbiased coverage of the events in Russia but also try, let me stress, I mean – try to break the Anglo-Saxon monopoly on the global information streams. ... We wanted to bring an absolutely independent news channel to the news arena. Certainly the channel is funded by the government, so it cannot help but reflect the Russian government's official position on the events in our country and in the rest of the world one way or another. But I'd like to underline again that we never intended this channel, RT, as any kind of apologetics for the Russian political line, whether domestic or foreign."<a href="#cite_note-Putin2013-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-MaxFisher-15">[15]</a></blockquote> In early October 2014, RT announced the launch of a dedicated news channel, <a href="/wiki/RT_UK" title="RT UK">RT UK</a>, aimed at British audiences. The new channel began operating on 30 October 2014.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In October 2016, the <a href="/wiki/NatWest" title="NatWest">NatWest</a> bank stated that they will no longer provide banking services to RT in the UK without providing any reasons. This decision was criticised by Margarita Simonyan, the editor-in-chief of RT, and the Russia Government. Simonyan sarcastically tweeted that: "Long live freedom of speech!"<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> However, NatWest reversed its decision in January 2017, said it had reached a resolution with RT. Simonyan said the decision showed that "common sense has prevailed".<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In 2018, some of the RT staff started a new media project, Redfish.media, that positioned itself as "grassroots journalism".<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-Times_Redfish-5">[5]</a> The website was criticized by activist Musa Okwonga for deceptively interviewing him and then distributing it across RT channels while hiding its real affiliation.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Another similar RT project is In the NOW, started in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> On 15 February 2019, Facebook temporarily blocked the In the NOW page, saying that even though it does not require pages to disclose who funds them, it had suspended the page so viewers would not "be misled about who's behind them". <a href="/wiki/Anissa_Naouai" title="Anissa Naouai">Anissa Naouai</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Maffick" title="Maffick">Maffick</a>, which published the page, described the blocking as "unprecedented discrimination", and said that Facebook did not ask other channels to declare their parent company and financial affiliations. As of February 2019, a majority of Maffick stock was controlled by <a href="/wiki/Ruptly" title="Ruptly">Ruptly</a>, an RT subsidiary, with Naouai owning the remaining 49%. Facebook unblocked the page on 25 February 2019; Naouai said the company had agreed to do so once the page was updated to feature information on In the NOW's funding and management. She added that this requirement has been applied to no other Facebook page. In the NOW also has an active channel on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> and regularly posts videos from <a href="/wiki/Maffick#Brands" title="Maffick">Soapbox</a>, a Maffick-owned channel.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN_Maffick-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> In February 2021, Matt Field from the <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Atomic_Scientists" title="Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a> reported that RT had created an account on <a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">social network</a> known for its <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> userbase, right before the start of former <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump">second impeachment trial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Field-2021-144">[144]</a> Field commented that RT had posted several articles on its Gab account, including one criticizing <a href="/wiki/The_Lincoln_Project" title="The Lincoln Project">The Lincoln Project</a>, an organization run by <a href="/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">anti-Trump Republicans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Field-2021-144">[144]</a> In December 2021 RT launched a TV channel in Germany, RT DE TV using a license for cable and satellite broadcasting issued in Serbia. A week after the launch, on 22 December the channel was removed from broadcasting via European satellites by the European satellite operator at the request of the German media regulator.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</h3></div> On 27 February 2022, the president of the European Commission <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> announced the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> would ban RT and Sputnik (plus their subsidiaries) from operating in its 27 member countries.<a href="#cite_note-CBS2022-146">[146]</a> The ban resulted in RT being blocked on downstream television networks located outside EU, such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> as they were dependent on EU companies for the signal feed to RT.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Canadian telecom companies <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Communications" title="Shaw Communications">Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Communications" title="Rogers Communications">Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Canada" title="Bell Canada">Bell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telus_Corporation" title="Telus Corporation">Telus</a> announced they would no longer offer RT in their channel lineups (although Rogers replaced its RT broadcasts with a <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ukraine" title="Flag of Ukraine">Ukrainian flag</a>).<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> This move was praised by Canada's Minister of Canadian Heritage <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Rodriguez_(Canadian_politician)" title="Pablo Rodriguez (Canadian politician)">Pablo Rodriguez</a> who called the network the "propaganda arm" of Vladimir Putin.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> On 28 February, Ofcom announced they had opened 15 expedited investigations into RT.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> These investigations will be focused on the 15 news editions broadcast on 27 February between 05:00 and 19:00 and will check if the coverage broke impartiality requirements in the broadcast code.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> On 2 March, the regulation was published which meant the ban was in force.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a>, and <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a> made RT's and Sputnik's social media content unavailable to users in the European Union on 28 February.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> removed RT and Sputnik from <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Microsoft Store</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Advertising" title="Microsoft Advertising">Microsoft Advertising</a> network on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> YouTube, on 1 March, banned access to all RT and Sputnik channels on its platform in Europe (including Britain).<a href="#cite_note-158">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters20220301-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kanter-157">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> followed by removing RT and Sputnik from its <a href="/wiki/App_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store">App Store</a> in all countries except Russia.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roku" title="Roku">Roku</a> dropped the RT app from its channel store,<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> while <a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a> pulled <a href="/wiki/RT_America" title="RT America">RT America</a> from its channel lineup.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> On 1 March, the <a href="/wiki/ANTEL" title="ANTEL">National Administration of Telecommunications of Uruguay</a> announced the removal of RT from the Antel TV streaming platform.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> New Zealand satellite television provider <a href="/wiki/Sky_(New_Zealand)" title="Sky (New Zealand)">Sky</a> also removed RT, citing complaints from customers and consultation with the <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Standards_Authority" title="Broadcasting Standards Authority">Broadcasting Standards Authority</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a> blocked new outgoing links to RT and Sputnik on 3 March.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> On 11 March, YouTube blocked RT and Sputnik worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> From 16 March, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio-television_and_Telecommunications_Commission" title="Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission">Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission</a> officially banned RT and <a href="/wiki/RT_France" title="RT France">RT France</a> from the <a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign_television_channels_available_in_Canada" title="List of foreign television channels available in Canada">list of non-Canadian programming services authorized for distribution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRTC-79">[79]</a> On 8 March 2022, <a href="/wiki/RT_France" title="RT France">RT France</a> challenged the EU ban of its activities in the <a href="/wiki/General_Court_(European_Union)" title="General Court (European Union)">General Court</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_European_Union" title="Court of Justice of the European Union">Court of Justice of the European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> After refusing to "urgently" consider the case on 30 March,<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> the General Court dismissed the case on 27 July 2022, ruling that the ban against RT was justified.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> Between 22 and 26 February 2022, a couple of days before and after the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, "posts on Facebook from RT and Sputnik got more than 5 million likes, shares and comments". On YouTube, videos of "false stories, claiming that Ukrainians had attacked Russians or describing a 'genocide' against Russian-speaking Ukrainians in the separatist Donbas region," were watched "73 million times."<a href="#cite_note-wapo-muffle-2022-169">[168]</a> During the invasion, hacktivist collective <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(hacker_group)" title="Anonymous (hacker group)">Anonymous</a> launched a <a href="/wiki/Distributed_denial_of_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed denial of service">distributed denial of service</a> attack that temporarily disabled the websites of RT and other Russian government-controlled organizations.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> In March 2022, RT America closed and most of its staff ceased to work for the outlet.<a href="#cite_note-Darcy-2022-22">[22]</a> RT began selling merchandise emblazoned with the <a href="/wiki/Z_(military_symbol)" title="Z (military symbol)">"Z" military symbol</a> – a pro-<a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pro-war" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-war">pro-war</a> emblem – a few days after the start of the invasion.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> In March 2022, <a href="/wiki/Vice_News" title="Vice News">Vice News</a> reported that RT had established a channel on <a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a>'s video sharing platform Gab TV, which describes itself as a "free speech broadcasting platform." Vice News observed that Gab CEO Andrew Torba had given his support for Russia's invasion of Ukraine and Torba publicly supported RT, claiming that they are being subject to the same censorship as American conservatives "by <a href="/wiki/Big_Tech" title="Big Tech">Big Tech</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">globalist</a> regime". Torba also falsely claimed that Gab is "the one place on the internet where you can find RT News" when RT also has a presence on video sharing platform <a href="/wiki/Rumble_(company)" title="Rumble (company)">Rumble</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> Not all branches of RT have suffered declines since the war started. Interactions with the Arabic-language Facebook page "RT Online" grew 161.2% from 28 February to mid-March, "RT Play in Español" went up a 22.5%.<a href="#cite_note-wapo-muffle-2022-169">[168]</a> In October 2022, RT presenter <a href="/wiki/Anton_Krasovsky" title="Anton Krasovsky">Anton Krasovsky</a> said on air that Ukrainian children who had in the past criticised the Soviet Union as occupiers of Ukraine should have been drowned or burned; he additionally laughed at reporting that Russian soldiers raped elderly Ukrainian women during the 2022 invasion.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> He was subsequently suspended by Simonyan, and criminal case investigation was opened.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> In September and October 2022, RT launched RT Hindi<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> and RT Balkan,<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> to expand its audience. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023–present">2023–present</h3></div> In September 2023, RT launched its online platform in Portuguese, as "RT Brazil".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On August 9, 2024 the broadcast and other equipment from the RT studio in Washington DC were auctioned off.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> On September 16, 2024, Meta announced that it would ban RT from its platforms, including Facebook and Instagram, for foreign interference activity.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2></div> State-owned RIA Novosti news agency, which founded RT in 2005, is one of the largest in Russia. Its former chairperson was Svetlana Mironyuk, who modernised the agency after being appointed in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> In 2007, RT established offices in the same building as RIA Novosti, after the Russian Union of Journalists was forced to vacate them.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> In 2012, Anna Kachkayeva, Dean of Media Communications at Moscow's <a href="/wiki/Higher_School_of_Economics" title="Higher School of Economics">Higher School of Economics</a>, stated that the two organizations "share the same roof" because they are located in the same building, but in "funding, editorial policy, management and staff, they are two independent organisations whose daily operations are not interconnected in any way".<a href="#cite_note-RN-2012-185">[184]</a> In 2008, Simonyan noted that more than 50 young RT journalists had gone on to take positions in large Western media outlets.<a href="#cite_note-Zagorodnov-99">[99]</a> By 2010, RT's staff had grown to 2,000.<a href="#cite_note-vonTwickel-21">[21]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_Today_studios_building,_Moscow_(20546479543).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Russia_Today_studios_building%2C_Moscow_%2820546479543%29.jpg/220px-Russia_Today_studios_building%2C_Moscow_%2820546479543%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Russia_Today_studios_building%2C_Moscow_%2820546479543%29.jpg/330px-Russia_Today_studios_building%2C_Moscow_%2820546479543%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Russia_Today_studios_building%2C_Moscow_%2820546479543%29.jpg/440px-Russia_Today_studios_building%2C_Moscow_%2820546479543%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14535" data-file-height="6885" /></a><figcaption>RT studios building in Moscow in 2013</figcaption></figure> In December 2012, RT moved its production studios and headquarters to a new facility in Moscow. The move coincided with RT's upgrade of all of its English-language news programming to <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high-definition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bullough-186">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> In 2013, a presidential decree issued by Vladimir Putin dissolved RIA Novosti, replacing it with a new information agency called <a href="/wiki/Rossiya_Segodnya" title="Rossiya Segodnya">Rossiya Segodnya</a> (directly translated as Russia Today).<a href="#cite_note-RT-189">[188]</a> On 31 December 2013, Margarita Simonyan, editor-in-chief of the RT news channel, was also appointed editor-in-chief of the new news agency while maintaining her duties for the television network.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> From 18 August 2020 to 18 August 2021, ANO TV Novosti was owned by the federal state <a href="/wiki/Unitary_enterprise" title="Unitary enterprise">unitary enterprise</a> RAMI RIA Novosti (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: ФГУП "РАМИ "РИА Новости") and the Association for the Development of International Journalism (ADIJ; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Ассоциация развития международной журналистики (АРМЖ)), which was founded by Margarita Simonyan and few other RT associates. On 18 August 2021, RAMI RIA Novosti was liquidated and the ownership of ANO TV Novosti was transferred to ADIJ.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Budget">Budget</h3></div> When it was established in 2005, ANO TV-Novosti invested $30 million in start-up costs to establish RT,<a href="#cite_note-Knobel-194">[193]</a> with a budget of $30 million for its first year of operation. Half of the network's budget came from the Russian government; the other half came from pro-Kremlin commercial banks at the government's request.<a href="#cite_note-Painter-97">[97]</a> Its annual budget increased from approximately $80 million in 2007 to $380 million in 2011, but was reduced to $300 million in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-Maczka-195">[194]</a><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_(TV_network)#endnote_a">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> President Putin prohibited the reduction of funding for RT on 30 October 2012.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> About 80 percent of RT's costs are incurred outside Russia, paying partner networks around $260 million for the distribution of its channels in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Orttung-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-BbTV415-198">[197]</a> In 2014, RT received 11.87 billion <a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">rubles</a> ($310 million) in government funding and was expected to receive 15.38 billion rubles ($400 million) in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> (For comparison, the bigger <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> Group had a $376 million budget in 2014–15.)<a href="#cite_note-Time2015-200">[199]</a> At the start of 2015, as the ruble's value plummeted and a ten percent reduction in media subsidies was imposed, it was thought that RT's budget for the year would fall to about $236 million.<a href="#cite_note-Orttung-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-BbTV415-198">[197]</a> Instead, government funding was increased to 20.8 billion rubles (around $300 million) in September.<a href="#cite_note-BBC915-201">[200]</a> In 2015, RT was expected to receive 19 billion rubles ($307 million) from the Russian government the following year.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> As of 2022, RT is the leader in terms of state funding among all Russian media. Between 2022 and 2024, RT will receive 82 billion rubles.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Network">Network</h3></div> According to RT as of March 2022, the network's feed is carried by 22 satellites and over 230 operators, providing a distribution reach to about 700 million households in more than 100 countries.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> RT also stated that RT America was available to 85 million households throughout the United States, as of 2012.<a href="#cite_note-CSM2012-206">[205]</a> In addition to its main English language channel RT International, RT UK and RT America, RT also runs Arabic-language channel Rusiya Al-Yaum, Spanish language channel Actualidad RT, as well as the RTDoc documentary channel. RT maintains 21 bureaus in 16 countries, including those in Washington, D.C., New York City; London, England; Paris, France; Delhi, India; <a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairo, Egypt">Cairo, Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baghdad,_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad, Iraq">Baghdad, Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RTCorporate-207">[206]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Channel </th> <th>Description </th> <th>Language </th> <th>Launched </th></tr> <tr> <td>RT International</td> <td>RT's main news channel, covering international and regional news from a Russian perspective. It also includes commentary and documentary programs. Based in Moscow with a presence in Washington, New York, London, Paris, Delhi, Cairo and Baghdad and other cities.<a href="#cite_note-RTCorporate-207">[206]</a></td> <td>English</td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rusiya_Al-Yaum" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusiya Al-Yaum">RT Arabic</a></td> <td>Based in Moscow and broadcast 24/7. Programmes include news, feature programming and documentaries.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a></td> <td>Arabic</td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RT_Actualidad" class="mw-redirect" title="RT Actualidad">RT Spanish</a></td> <td>Based in Moscow with bureaus in Miami, Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>. Covers headline news, politics, sports and broadcast specials.<a href="#cite_note-About_Actualidad_RT-209">[208]</a></td> <td>Spanish</td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RT_America" title="RT America">RT America</a></td> <td>RT America was based in RT's Washington, D.C. bureau, it included programs hosted by American journalists. The channel maintained a separate schedule of programs each weekday from 4:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern Time</a>, and simulcasted RT International at all other times. <a href="/wiki/RT_America" title="RT America">RT America</a> was compelled to register as a foreign agent with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> National Security Division under the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agents_Registration_Act" title="Foreign Agents Registration Act">Foreign Agents Registration Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stubbs-2017-210">[209]</a></td> <td>English</td> <td>2010 (closed 3 March 2022) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RT_UK" title="RT UK">RT UK</a></td> <td>RT UK was based at RT's London bureau at <a href="/wiki/Millbank_Tower" title="Millbank Tower">Millbank Tower</a>. Includes programs hosted by British journalists. The channel offered five hours of programming per day, Monday to Thursday UK News at 6 pm, 7pm, 8pm, 9pm and 10 pm and simulcasted RT International at all other times. On Fridays there was no 10 pm UK News bulletin.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a></td> <td>English</td> <td>2014 (closed 2 March 2022) </td></tr> <tr> <td>RT Documentary</td> <td>A 24-hour documentary channel. The bulk of its programming consists of RT-produced documentaries related to Russia.<a href="#cite_note-About_RT_doc-212">[211]</a></td> <td>English, Russian</td> <td>2011 </td></tr></tbody></table> The sharp decline in the ruble at the end of 2014 forced RT to postpone German- and French-language channels.<a href="#cite_note-Time2015-200">[199]</a> In addition to <a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">news agency</a> <a href="/wiki/Ruptly" title="Ruptly">Ruptly</a>, RT also operates the following websites: RT на русском (in Russian),<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/RT_en_fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="RT en français">RT en français</a> (French),<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/RT_DE" title="RT DE">RT DE</a> (German).<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> In 2015, RT's YouTube news channels were: RT (the main channel), RT America, RT Arabic, RT en Español, RT Deutsch, RT French, RT UK, RT на русском and the newly launched RT Chinese.<a href="#cite_note-Orttung-39">[39]</a> The German service (RT DE) was removed from YouTube in September 2021 for breaking the websites rules on <a href="/wiki/COVID_misinformation" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID misinformation">COVID misinformation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a>'s Digital Forensic Research Lab and <a href="/wiki/Meduza" title="Meduza">Meduza</a> wrote that the Russian edition of RT "aggressively" promoted COVID-19 vaccination in Russia, calling anti-vaccination activists "imbeciles", while foreign RT channels were simultaneously promoting the same anti-vaccination misinformation that it criticized in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-@DFRLab-217">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-meduza.io-two-faces-218">[217]</a> In September 2012, RT signed a contract with Israeli-based <a href="/wiki/RRSat" class="mw-redirect" title="RRSat">RRSat</a> to distribute high-definition feeds of the channel in the United States, Latin America and Asia.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> In October 2012, RT's Rusiya Al-Yaum and RT joined the high-definition network <a href="/wiki/Al_Yah_Satellite_Communications" title="Al Yah Satellite Communications">Al Yah Satellite Communications</a> ("YahLive").<a href="#cite_note-AMEinfo-220">[219]</a> On 12 July 2014, during his visit to <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, Putin announced that Actualidad RT would broadcast <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> in the country, the first foreign television channel to do so there.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>, Argentina's State Media Authorities decided to suspend RT on 11 June 2016, along with Venezuelan television channel <a href="/wiki/TeleSur" class="mw-redirect" title="TeleSur">TeleSur</a>, which had both been authorized by the previous left-leaning government of <a href="/wiki/Cristina_Kirchner" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristina Kirchner">Cristina Kirchner</a>. Officially, Argentina wanted to devote RT's frequency to domestic broadcasts.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> RT was made available on the dominant Australian subscription television platform <a href="/wiki/Foxtel" title="Foxtel">Foxtel</a> on 17 February 2015.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratings/impact">Ratings/impact</h3></div> <dl><dt>Audience ratings</dt></dl> The RT website (as of March 2022), maintains that "since June 2012", RT has "consistently and significantly outperforms other foreign channels including Euronews and Fox News. RT's quarterly audience in the UK is 2.5 million viewers".<a href="#cite_note-RT-ratings-225">[224]</a> However, according to <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>, citing leaked documents from "Vasily Gatov, a former RIA Novosti employee" (as of 2015) RT "hugely exaggerates its viewership,";<a href="#cite_note-Niemanlab-2022-226">[225]</a> and its most-watched segments were on apolitical subjects.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> Between 2013 and 2015, over 80% of RT's viewership was for videos of accidents, crime, disasters, and natural phenomena, such as the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_meteor" title="Chelyabinsk meteor">Chelyabinsk meteor</a> event, with less than 1% of viewership for political videos.<a href="#cite_note-Zavaski17Sept-228">[227]</a> In late 2015, all of the 20 most-watched videos on its main channel, totaling 300 million views, were described as "disaster/novelty". Of the top 100, only a small number could be categorized as political, with only one covering Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-BBC915-201">[200]</a> The most popular video of Russian president Putin shows him singing "<a href="/wiki/Blueberry_Hill_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blueberry Hill (song)">Blueberry Hill</a>" at a 2010 St. Petersburg charity event.<a href="#cite_note-Zavaski17Sept-228">[227]</a> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> analysed RT's popularity and concluded that "it's not very good at its job" as "Moscow's propaganda arm" due to its relative unpopularity.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> RT has disputed both The Daily Beast and The Washington Post assessments, saying their analyses used outdated viewership data.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> A study by Professor Robert Orttung at George Washington University stated that RT uses human interest stories without ideological content to attract viewers to its channels. Between January and May 2015, the Russian-language channel had the most viewers, with approximately double the number of the main channel, despite only having around one-third the number of subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-Orttung-39">[39]</a> According to data compiled by Oxford's Rasmus Kleis Nielsen prior to the invasion of Ukraine, RT's "online reach in the U.K., France, and Germany" was "not great on the web, but surprisingly strong on social media, at least in spots".<a href="#cite_note-Niemanlab-2022-226">[225]</a> For example, in Germany, RT was "the No. 1 news source in terms of engagements on Facebook" December 2021-January 2022, (according to this CrowdTangle data).<a href="#cite_note-Niemanlab-2022-226">[225]</a> Reliable figures for RT's worldwide audience were not available as of 2015.<a href="#cite_note-BBC915-201">[200]</a> In the United States, RT typically pays cable and satellite services to carry its channel in subscriber packages.<a href="#cite_note-Zavaski17Sept-228">[227]</a> In 2011, RT was the second most-watched foreign news channel in the United States (after <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC World News">BBC World News</a>),<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> and the number one foreign network in five major U.S. urban areas in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-russia-briefing.com-233">[232]</a> It also rated well among younger Americans under 35 and in <a href="/wiki/Inner_city" title="Inner city">inner city</a> areas.<a href="#cite_note-russia-briefing.com-233">[232]</a> In the UK, the <a href="/wiki/Broadcasters%27_Audience_Research_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasters' Audience Research Board">Broadcasters' Audience Research Board</a> (BARB) has included RT in the viewer data it publishes since 2012.<a href="#cite_note-BBC915-201">[200]</a> According to their data, approximately 2.5 million Britons watched RT during the third quarter of 2012, making it the third most-watched <a href="/wiki/Rolling_news" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling news">rolling news</a> channel in Britain, behind <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> (not including <a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_News" title="Sky Sports News">Sky Sports News</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Bullough-186">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-BARBQ32012-234">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-Laughlin-235">[234]</a> RT was soon overtaken by <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BARBQ42012-236">[235]</a> and viewing figures dropped to about 2.1 million by the end of 2013.<a href="#cite_note-BARBQ42013-237">[236]</a> For comparison, it had marginally fewer viewers than <a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a>, the state-funded <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh language</a> broadcaster,<a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeedPSmith-238">[237]</a> or minor channels such as <a href="/wiki/Zing_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zing (TV channel)">Zing</a>, <a href="/wiki/VIVA_(TV_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIVA (TV station)">Viva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rishtey_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rishtey (TV channel)">Rishtey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBCMonitoring2-239">[238]</a> According to internal documents submitted for Kremlin review, RT's viewership amounted to less than 0.1 percent of Europe's television audience, except in Britain, where 2013 viewership was estimated at 120,000 persons per day.<a href="#cite_note-Zavaski17Sept-228">[227]</a> According to the leaked documents, RT was ranked 175th out of 278 channels in Great Britain in May 2013, or fifth out of eight cable news channels.<a href="#cite_note-Zavaski17Sept-228">[227]</a> In August 2015, RT's average weekly viewing figure had fallen to around 450,000 (0.8 percent of the total UK audience), 100,000 fewer than in June 2012 and less than half that of Al Jazeera English.<a href="#cite_note-BBC915-201">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> In March 2016, the monthly viewing was figure 0.04%.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> Latin America is the second most significant area of influence for internet RT (rt.com). In 2013, RT ascended to the ranks of the 100 most watched websites in seven Latin American countries.<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Research">Pew Research</a> survey of the most popular news videos on YouTube in 2011–12 found RT to be the top source with 8.5 percent of posts, 68 percent of which consisted of first-person video accounts of dramatic worldwide events, likely acquired by the network rather than created by it.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> In 2013, RT became the first television news channel to reach 1 billion views on YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-SpiegelBidder-43">[43]</a> In 2014, its main (English) channel was reported have 1.4 million subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Followers">Followers</h4></div> In 2013, RT became "the first news network to surpass 1 billion views on YouTube".<a href="#cite_note-wapo-muffle-2022-169">[168]</a> As of shortly after the invasion of Ukraine and blocking of RT by tech companies, RT's "main Facebook channel has more than 7 million followers" (some of which are located in Europe where the channel is blocked). RT's YouTube account had "roughly 4.65 million followers in English and 5.94 million in Spanish".<a href="#cite_note-wapo-muffle-2022-169">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Impact">Impact</h4></div> RT has some effect on viewers' political opinions, according to a 2021 study in the journal <a href="/wiki/Security_Studies_(journal)" title="Security Studies (journal)">Security Studies</a>. Viewers exposed to RT became more likely "to support the withdrawal of the United States "from its role as a cooperative global leader" than those who did not watch RT by 10–20%. "This effect is robust across measures, obtains across party lines, and persists even when we disclose that RT is financed by the Russian government." However, exposure to RT had no measurable "effect on Americans' views of domestic politics or the Russian government."<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> According to author <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pomerantsev" title="Peter Pomerantsev">Peter Pomerantsev</a>, a large audience rating is not RT's principal goal. Their campaigns are "for financial, political and media influence."<a href="#cite_note-Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17-247">[246]</a> RT (and <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(news_agency)" title="Sputnik (news agency)">Sputnik</a>) "create the fodder" used by "thousands of fake news propagators" and provide an outlet for material hacked from targets it wishes to harm in the service of Russian (government) interests. RT also serves to make friends with people "useful" to the Russian state, such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Flynn" title="Michael Flynn">Michael Flynn</a> (retired <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant general (United States)">lieutenant general</a> and dismissed director of the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">Defense Intelligence Agency</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Security_Advisor" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Security Advisor">U.S. National Security Advisor</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a> in the early days of the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>) who was paid "a reported $40,000 to come to RT's anniversary celebration in Moscow and sit near Mr. Putin."<a href="#cite_note-Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17-247">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming">Programming</h2></div> In 2008, Heidi Brown wrote in <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> that "the Kremlin is using charm, good photography and a healthy dose of sex appeal to appeal to a diverse, skeptical audience. The result is entertaining – and ineffably Russian." She added that Russia Today has managed to "get foreigners to at least consider the Russian viewpoint – however eccentric it may be..."<a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a> Matt Field in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists described RT as "applying high-quality graphics and production values to its stories", often focusing "on polarizing issues that aren't necessarily top-of-mind for viewers" and sometimes "strikingly at odds with Russian President Vladimir Putin's own views".<a href="#cite_note-Field-BAS-15-May-2019-250">[249]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Tim_Dowling" title="Tim Dowling">Tim Dowling</a>, writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, "Fringe opinion takes center stage" on RT. "Reporting is routinely bolstered by testimony from experts you have never heard of, representing institutions you have never heard of."<a href="#cite_note-Dowling-29-11-2017-251">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Alyona_Show">The Alyona Show</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/The_Alyona_Show" title="The Alyona Show">The Alyona Show</a>, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Alyona_Minkovski" title="Alyona Minkovski">Alyona Minkovski</a>, ran from 2009 to 2012 (when Minkovski left RT to join <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a>). Daily Beast writer <a href="/wiki/Tracy_Quan" title="Tracy Quan">Tracy Quan</a> described The Alyona Show as "one of RT's most popular vehicles".<a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a> columnist Jesse Zwick wrote that one journalist told him that Minkovski is "probably the best interviewer on cable news".<a href="#cite_note-Zwick-253">[252]</a> Benjamin R. Freed wrote in the avant-garde culture magazine SOMA that "The Alyona Show does political talk with razor-sharp wit."<a href="#cite_note-soma-254">[253]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Weigel" title="David Weigel">David Weigel</a> called the show "an in-house attempt at a newsy cult hit" and noted that "her meatiest segments were about government spying, and the Federal Reserve, and America's undeclared wars".<a href="#cite_note-Weigel-101">[101]</a> Minkovski had complained about being characterized as if she was "Putin's girl in Washington" or as being "anti-American".<a href="#cite_note-soma-254">[253]</a> After Minkovski argued that <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Glenn Beck</a> was "not on the side of America. And the fact that my channel is more honest with the American people is something you should be ashamed of", <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Journalism_Review" title="Columbia Journalism Review">Columbia Journalism Review</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Julia_Ioffe" title="Julia Ioffe">Julia Ioffe</a> asked: "since when does Russia Today defend the policies of any American president? Or the informational needs of the American public, for that matter?"<a href="#cite_note-Ioffe-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adam_vs._the_Man">Adam vs. the Man</h3></div> From April to August 2011, RT ran a half-hour primetime show Adam vs. the Man,<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-Politico-257">[256]</a> hosted by former <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> Marine veteran and high-profile anti-war activist <a href="/wiki/Adam_Kokesh" title="Adam Kokesh">Adam Kokesh</a>. David Weigel writes that Kokesh defended RT's "propaganda" function, saying "We're putting out the truth that no one else wants to say. I mean, if you want to put it in the worst possible abstract, it's the Russian government, which is a competing protection racket against the other governments of the world, going against the United States and calling them on their bullshit."<a href="#cite_note-Weigel-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Tomorrow">World Tomorrow</h3></div> Reviewing the first episode of Julian Assange's show World Tomorrow, <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> noted that Assange, who was under <a href="/wiki/House_arrest" title="House arrest">house arrest</a>, was "largely deferential" in asking some questions of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah, who himself was in hiding. However, he also asked tough questions such as why Nasrallah had not supported Arab revolts against Syrian leaders, when he had supported them in Tunisia, Yemen, Egypt, and other countries.<a href="#cite_note-Taylor-119">[119]</a> The New York Times journalist Allesandra Stanley wrote that "practically speaking, Mr. Assange is in bed with the Kremlin, but on Tuesday's show he didn't put out" and that he "behaved surprisingly like a standard network interviewer".<a href="#cite_note-Stanley-116">[116]</a> Douglas Lucas in <a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon</a> wrote that the RT deal "may just be a profitable way for him to get a gigantic retweet".<a href="#cite_note-Lucas-123">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Greenwald" title="Glenn Greenwald">Glenn Greenwald</a> wrote that RT presenting the Julian Assange show led to "a predictable wave of snide, smug attacks from American media figures".<a href="#cite_note-Greenwald-258">[257]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abby_Martin_RT_correspondent.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Abby_Martin_RT_correspondent.png/220px-Abby_Martin_RT_correspondent.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Abby_Martin_RT_correspondent.png/330px-Abby_Martin_RT_correspondent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Abby_Martin_RT_correspondent.png/440px-Abby_Martin_RT_correspondent.png 2x" data-file-width="545" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Breaking the Set (2012–2015) presenter and <a href="/wiki/Correspondent" title="Correspondent">correspondent</a> <a href="/wiki/Abby_Martin" title="Abby Martin">Abby Martin</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_shows">Other shows</h3></div> Marcin Maczka writes that RT's ample financing has allowed RT to attract experienced journalists and use the latest technology.<a href="#cite_note-Maczka-195">[194]</a> RT anchors and correspondents tend to concentrate on controversial world issues such as the financial and banking scandals, corporate impact on the global economy, and western demonstrations. It has also aired views by various <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theorists" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theorists">conspiracy theorists</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazis</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_supremacists" class="mw-redirect" title="White supremacists">white supremacists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_deniers" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust deniers">Holocaust deniers</a> (presented as "human rights activists").<a href="#cite_note-Scherr-259">[258]</a> News from Russia is of secondary importance and such reports emphasize Russian modernisation and economic achievements, as well as Russian culture and natural landscapes, while downplaying Russia's social problems or corruption.<a href="#cite_note-Heyman-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Maczka-195">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="#1917LIVE">#1917LIVE</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian-telegraph-logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Russian-telegraph-logo.jpg/220px-Russian-telegraph-logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Russian-telegraph-logo.jpg/330px-Russian-telegraph-logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Russian-telegraph-logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>Russian Telegraph logo</figcaption></figure> In 2017, RT ran a mock <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">live tweeting</a> program under the <a href="/wiki/Twitter_hashtag" class="mw-redirect" title="Twitter hashtag">hashtag</a> "#1917LIVE" to mark the 100th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> The #1917Live project had multimedia social plug-ins, such as Periscope live streaming, as well as virtual reality panoramic videos.<a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programs">Programs</h3></div> RT's feature programs include (with presenters parenthesised):<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current">Current</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Starbound (Egor Piskunov)</li> <li>Perspective with <a href="/wiki/Scottie_Nell_Hughes" title="Scottie Nell Hughes">Scottie Nell Hughes</a></li> <li>Let's Talk Bharat with <a href="/wiki/Anupam_Kher" title="Anupam Kher">Anupam Kher</a></li> <li>Moscow Mules (<a href="/wiki/Chay_Bowes" title="Chay Bowes">Chay Bowes</a>)</li> <li>Interview (various presenters)</li> <li>Going Underground (<a href="/wiki/Afshin_Rattansi" title="Afshin Rattansi">Afshin Rattansi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrossTalk" title="CrossTalk">CrossTalk</a> with <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lavelle" title="Peter Lavelle">Peter Lavelle</a></li> <li>The 360 View with <a href="/wiki/Scottie_Nell_Hughes" title="Scottie Nell Hughes">Scottie Nell Hughes</a></li></ul> <ul><li>On the Touchline with <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mourinho" title="José Mourinho">José Mourinho</a></li> <li>Direct Impact with <a href="/wiki/Rick_Sanchez_(journalist)" title="Rick Sanchez (journalist)">Rick Sanchez</a></li> <li>Worlds Apart with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oksana_Boyko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oksana Boyko (page does not exist)">Oksana Boyko</a><a href="#cite_note-Sky-worldsApart-01a-264">[263]</a></li> <li>Modus Operandi with Manila Chan</li> <li>The Cost of Everything (Christy Ai)</li> <li>The Whistleblowers (John Kiriakou)</li> <li>Inland Visions (Sean Thomas)</li> <li>Africa Now with Paula Slier</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former">Former</h4></div> RT's former on-air staff included 25 people from RT America.<a href="#cite_note-RT_International-265">[264]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>On Contact (<a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Chris Hedges</a>)</li> <li>Renegade Inc. (<a href="/wiki/Ross_Ashcroft" title="Ross Ashcroft">Ross Ashcroft</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keiser_Report" title="Keiser Report">Keiser Report</a> (<a href="/wiki/Max_Keiser" title="Max Keiser">Max Keiser</a> with <a href="/wiki/Stacy_Herbert" class="mw-redirect" title="Stacy Herbert">Stacy Herbert</a>) from RT UK</li> <li>America's Lawyer (<a href="/wiki/Mike_Papantonio" title="Mike Papantonio">Mike Papantonio</a>)</li> <li>Off the grid (<a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ventura" title="Jesse Ventura">Jesse Ventura</a>)</li> <li>Capital Account (<a href="/wiki/Lauren_Lyster" title="Lauren Lyster">Lauren Lyster</a>) from RT America</li> <li>Why you should care! (<a href="/wiki/Tim_Kirby_(radio_host)" title="Tim Kirby (radio host)">Tim Kirby</a>)</li> <li>Breaking the Set (<a href="/wiki/Abby_Martin" title="Abby Martin">Abby Martin</a>)</li> <li>In Context (<a href="/wiki/Peter_Lavelle" title="Peter Lavelle">Peter Lavelle</a>)</li> <li>Spotlight (<a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Gurnov" title="Aleksandr Gurnov">Aleksandr Gurnov</a>)</li> <li>On the Money (Peter Lavelle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Tomorrow" title="World Tomorrow">World Tomorrow</a> (<a href="/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a>)</li> <li>Moscow Out (<a href="/wiki/Martyn_Andrews" title="Martyn Andrews">Martyn Andrews</a>)</li> <li>Adam vs. the Man (<a href="/wiki/Adam_Kokesh" title="Adam Kokesh">Adam Kokesh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alyona_Show" title="The Alyona Show">The Alyona Show</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alyona_Minkovski" title="Alyona Minkovski">Alyona Minkovski</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Big_Picture_with_Thom_Hartmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Big Picture with Thom Hartmann (page does not exist)">The Big Picture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thom_Hartmann" title="Thom Hartmann">Thom Hartmann</a>) from RT America</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_News_with_Ed_Schultz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The News with Ed Schultz (page does not exist)">The News with Ed Schultz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ed_Schultz" title="Ed Schultz">Ed Schultz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redacted_Tonight_(RT_TV)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redacted Tonight (RT TV) (page does not exist)">Redacted Tonight</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lee_Camp_(comedian)" title="Lee Camp (comedian)">Lee Camp</a>) from RT America</li> <li>How to Watch the News with <a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Slavoj Žižek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_King_Now" title="Larry King Now">Larry King Now</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larry_King" title="Larry King">Larry King</a>)</li></ul></div> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Delaney%27s_News_Thing" title="Sam Delaney's News Thing">News Thing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sam_Delaney" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Delaney">Sam Delaney</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watching_the_Hawks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watching the Hawks (page does not exist)">Watching the Hawks</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrel_Ventura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyrel Ventura (page does not exist)">Tyrel Ventura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sean_Stone" title="Sean Stone">Sean Stone</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabetha_Wallace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabetha Wallace (page does not exist)">Tabetha Wallace</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SophieCo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SophieCo (page does not exist)">SophieCo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sophie_Shevardnadze" title="Sophie Shevardnadze">Sophie Shevardnadze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(TV_programme)" title="Sputnik (TV programme)">Sputnik</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">George Galloway</a>) from RT UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politicking_with_Larry_King" title="Politicking with Larry King">Politicking</a> (Larry King)</li> <li>News Views <a href="/wiki/Scottie_Nell_Hughes" title="Scottie Nell Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li>On the Touchline with <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mourinho" title="José Mourinho">José Mourinho</a></li> <li>In Question</li> <li>Raw Take</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdit_d%27interdire" title="Interdit d'interdire">Interdit d'interdire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Tadde%C3%AF" title="Frédéric Taddeï">Frédéric Taddeï</a>, resigned)<a href="#cite_note-Taddeï_quit-266">[265]</a> from RT France</li> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On-air_staff">On-air staff</h3></div> RT's current on-air staff includes 25 people from RT News, and eight from RT UK.<a href="#cite_note-RT_International-265">[264]</a> Notable members of RT's current and former staff include: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <dl><dt>Current</dt></dl> <dl><dt>News Presenters</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eunan_O%27Neill" title="Eunan O'Neill">Eunan O'Neill</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Correspondents</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Slier" title="Paula Slier">Paula Slier</a> – Middle East bureau</li></ul> <dl><dt>Other presenters</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">George Galloway</a> – RT UK bureau</li></ul> <dl><dt>Business presenters</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stacy_Herbert" class="mw-redirect" title="Stacy Herbert">Stacy Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Keiser" title="Max Keiser">Max Keiser</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Documentary presenters</dt></dl> <ul><li>James Brown – Discovering Russia (formerly news presenter and host of Close-Up Russia)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <dl><dt>Former</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a> – host of <a href="/wiki/World_Tomorrow" title="World Tomorrow">World Tomorrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Jason de la Peña">Jason de la Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Glukhovsky" title="Dmitry Glukhovsky">Dmitry Glukhovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Kokesh" title="Adam Kokesh">Adam Kokesh</a> – host of Adam vs. the Man</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Martin" title="Abby Martin">Abby Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Owen" title="Kevin Owen">Kevin Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyona_Minkovski" title="Alyona Minkovski">Alyona Minkovski</a> – host of <a href="/wiki/The_Alyona_Show" title="The Alyona Show">The Alyona Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Roberts_(television_presenter)" title="Karen Roberts (television presenter)">Karen Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Schultz" title="Ed Schultz">Ed Schultz</a> – RT America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Wahl" title="Liz Wahl">Liz Wahl</a> – Washington, D.C. bureau</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_9.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_9.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_9.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_-_Visit_to_Russia_Today_television_channel_9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Vladimir Putin with journalists</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guests">Guests</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv/220px--Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="2588" data-mwtitle="Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv/Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv/Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv/Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv/Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv/Vladimir_Putin_interview_to_RT_6_September_2012.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> RT interview, 6 September 2012</figcaption></figure> According to Jesse Zwick, RT persuades "legitimate experts and journalists" to appear as guests by allowing them to speak at length on issues ignored by larger news outlets. It frequently interviews <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a> academics, intellectuals and writers from organisations like <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_Events" title="Human Events">Human Events</a>, <a href="/wiki/Center_for_American_Progress" title="Center for American Progress">Center for American Progress</a><a href="#cite_note-Zwick-253">[252]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a><a href="#cite_note-Weigel-101">[101]</a> who are critical of United States foreign and civil liberties policies.<a href="#cite_note-Zwick-253">[252]</a> Julian Assange of WikiLeaks and <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, the leftist critic of Western policies are "favorites".<a href="#cite_note-Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17-247">[246]</a> RT also features little-known commentators including anarchists, anti-globalists and left-wing activists.<a href="#cite_note-Maczka-195">[194]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Danny_Schechter" title="Danny Schechter">Danny Schechter</a> holds that a primary reason for RT's success in the United States is that RT is "a force for diversity" which gives voice to people "who rarely get heard in current mainstream US media".<a href="#cite_note-Walker-96">[96]</a> Examples of this include "a twelve-minute interview" in March 2010 "with Hank Albarelli, a self-described American 'historian' who claims that the CIA is testing dangerous drugs on unwitting civilians", and RT's asking for commentary on the <a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 Haiti earthquake</a> from "Carl Dix, a representative of the American Revolutionary Communist Party".<a href="#cite_note-Ioffe-42">[42]</a> In 2010, journalist and blogger Julia Ioffe described RT as being "provocative just for the sake of being provocative" in its choice of guests and issue topics, featuring a Russian historian who predicted that the United States would soon be dissolved, showing speeches by Venezuelan President <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a>, reporting on <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homelessness</a> in America, and interviewing the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/New_Black_Panther_Party" title="New Black Panther Party">New Black Panther Party</a>. She wrote that in attempting to offer "an alternate point of view, it is forced to talk to marginal, offensive, and often irrelevant figures".<a href="#cite_note-Ioffe-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-economist-wobbly-58">[58]</a> A 2010 <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> report stated that RT extensively covered the "<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">birther</a>" and the "<a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order</a>" conspiracy theories and interviewed militia organizer Jim Stachowiak and <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Jared_Taylor" title="Jared Taylor">Jared Taylor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Scherr-259">[258]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a> article stated that RT has a penchant "for off-beat stories and conspiracy theories".<a href="#cite_note-Sousa-267">[266]</a> RT Editor-in-Chief <a href="/wiki/Margarita_Simonyan" title="Margarita Simonyan">Margarita Simonyan</a> told Nikolaus von Twickel of <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a> that RT started to grow once it became provocative and that controversy was vital to the channel. She said that RT's task was not to polish Moscow's reputation.<a href="#cite_note-vonTwickel-21">[21]</a> The news channel has also been criticized for its lack of objectivity in its coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> <a href="/wiki/Miko_Peled" title="Miko Peled">Miko Peled</a>, the Israeli peace activist who has called the peace process "a process of apartheid & colonization" is a frequent guest on RT. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Alan_Peter_S._Cayetano_discusses_aspects_of_Philippine-Russia_relations_with_TV_journalist_Oksana_Boyko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Secretary_Alan_Peter_S._Cayetano_discusses_aspects_of_Philippine-Russia_relations_with_TV_journalist_Oksana_Boyko.jpg/220px-Secretary_Alan_Peter_S._Cayetano_discusses_aspects_of_Philippine-Russia_relations_with_TV_journalist_Oksana_Boyko.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Secretary_Alan_Peter_S._Cayetano_discusses_aspects_of_Philippine-Russia_relations_with_TV_journalist_Oksana_Boyko.jpg/330px-Secretary_Alan_Peter_S._Cayetano_discusses_aspects_of_Philippine-Russia_relations_with_TV_journalist_Oksana_Boyko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Secretary_Alan_Peter_S._Cayetano_discusses_aspects_of_Philippine-Russia_relations_with_TV_journalist_Oksana_Boyko.jpg/440px-Secretary_Alan_Peter_S._Cayetano_discusses_aspects_of_Philippine-Russia_relations_with_TV_journalist_Oksana_Boyko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="883" /></a><figcaption>Worlds Apart host Oksana Boyko with Filipino Foreign Affairs Secretary <a href="/wiki/Alan_Peter_Cayetano" title="Alan Peter Cayetano">Alan Peter Cayetano</a>.</figcaption></figure> Notable guests have included <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a> intellectuals like <a href="/wiki/Jared_Bernstein" title="Jared Bernstein">Jared Bernstein</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Weigel-101">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Feffer" title="John Feffer">John Feffer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Korb" title="Lawrence Korb">Lawrence Korb</a>; journalists and writers <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Sullum" title="Jacob Sullum">Jacob Sullum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pepe_Escobar" title="Pepe Escobar">Pepe Escobar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Zwick-253">[252]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Doherty_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Doherty (journalist)">Brian Doherty</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Quan-269">[268]</a> and heads of state, including Ecuador's <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Correa" title="Rafael Correa">Rafael Correa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Quan-269">[268]</a> and Syria's <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a>, the leader of <a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a> from 2010 to 2016, appeared on RT eighteen times from 2010 to 2014.<a href="#cite_note-BuzzFeedPSmith-238">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a> has stated that he has appeared on RT "probably 100 times or more".<a href="#cite_note-Stone_Gordon_3/20/2017-272">[271]</a> Manuel Ochsenreiter, a <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a>, has repeatedly appeared on RT to represent the German point of view.<a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> RT News has also frequently hosted <a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a>, an American <a href="/wiki/White_supremacist" class="mw-redirect" title="White supremacist">white supremacist</a> airing his opinions in support of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad,<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> and has hosted <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denier" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust denier">Holocaust denier</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryan_Dawson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryan Dawson (page does not exist)">Ryan Dawson</a>, presenting him as a <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights activist">human rights activist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a> Such figures as <a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Alex Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Marrs" title="Jim Marrs">Jim Marrs</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Ray_Griffin" title="David Ray Griffin">David Ray Griffin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Webster_Tarpley" title="Webster Tarpley">Webster Tarpley</a> have appeared on RT to advance conspiracy theories about topics such as the <a href="/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories" title="9/11 conspiracy theories">September 11 attacks</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bilderberg_group#Criticisms_and_conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilderberg group">Bilderberg group</a>, and the "New World Order".<a href="#cite_note-Yablokov_2015-59">[59]</a>: <span title="Page: 308
Quotation: "Apart from theories that are well-grounded in historical facts, RT gives a voice to American conspiracy theorists. An example is its active coverage of the Bilderberg Club conference ... As Alex Jones, one of the proponents of this theory, claimed on RT, the Bilderberg group builds a 'one world corporate fascist government' to exercise global control."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">308 <a href="#cite_note-Byford_2011-61">[61]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ODNI_Statement_on_Declassified_Intelligence_Community_Assessment_of_Russian_Activities_and_Intentions_in_Recent_U.S._Elections.pdf%3Fpage%3D4" title="File:ODNI Statement on Declassified Intelligence Community Assessment of Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent U.S. Elections.pdf?page=4"><img resource="/wiki/File:Intelligence_Community_Assessment_-_Assessing_Russian_Activities_and_Intentions_in_Recent_US_Elections.pdf?page=4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Intelligence_Community_Assessment_-_Assessing_Russian_Activities_and_Intentions_in_Recent_US_Elections.pdf/page4-220px-Intelligence_Community_Assessment_-_Assessing_Russian_Activities_and_Intentions_in_Recent_US_Elections.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Intelligence_Community_Assessment_-_Assessing_Russian_Activities_and_Intentions_in_Recent_US_Elections.pdf/page4-330px-Intelligence_Community_Assessment_-_Assessing_Russian_Activities_and_Intentions_in_Recent_US_Elections.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Intelligence_Community_Assessment_-_Assessing_Russian_Activities_and_Intentions_in_Recent_US_Elections.pdf/page4-440px-Intelligence_Community_Assessment_-_Assessing_Russian_Activities_and_Intentions_in_Recent_US_Elections.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>ODNI Statement on Declassified Intelligence Community Assessment of Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent U.S. Elections</figcaption></figure> RT has presented itself as a global network "like the BBC or France 24", differing from them in offering "alternative views" ignored by the "Western-dominated news media". Many Western countries, in contrast, regard RT not just as a propaganda organ, but as "the slickly produced heart of a broad, often covert disinformation campaign designed to sow doubt about democratic institutions and destabilize the West".<a href="#cite_note-Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17-247">[246]</a> According to Steven Erlanger, RT provides "hard news and top-notch graphics" and a "mix with interviews from all sorts of people: well known and obscure, left and right. if there is any unifying character to RT, it is a deep skepticism of Western and American narratives of the world and a fundamental defensiveness about Russia and Mr. Putin."<a href="#cite_note-Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17-247">[246]</a> RT formerly hosted the leaders of populist European parties such as UKIP's leader Nigel Farage and Marie Le Pen, leader of the French Populist National Rally Party.<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a> British politician, broadcaster, and writer George Galloway formerly hosted his own TV news programme on RT named "Sputnik: Orbiting the World with George Galloway".<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propaganda_and_related_issues">Propaganda and related issues</h3></div> RT's editor-in-chief, Margarita Simonyan, has described RT as giving Russia "<a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">soft power</a>", and being the same kind of "tool" for Russia that the "BBC or <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>" are "for the UK and USA". In 2012, she stated that RT waged "an information war ... with the entire Western world" during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kommersant070412-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-eu150118-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nimmo-16">[16]</a> Observers have criticized the state-supported/controlled nature of RT as an instrument of propaganda. In 2005, Pascal Bonnamour, the head of the European department of <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a>, called the newly announced network "another step of the state to control information".<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> In a 2005 interview with U.S. government-owned external broadcaster Voice of America, Russian-Israeli blogger <a href="/wiki/Anton_Nosik" class="mw-redirect" title="Anton Nosik">Anton Nosik</a> said the creation of RT "smacks of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet propaganda">Soviet-style propaganda</a> campaigns".<a href="#cite_note-VOANew-279">[278]</a> In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Luke_Harding_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luke Harding (journalist)">Luke Harding</a> (then Moscow correspondent for The Guardian) described RT's advertising campaign in the United Kingdom as an "ambitious attempt to create a new post-Soviet global propaganda empire".<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Harding_RT-44">[44]</a> In Russia, <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Illarionov" title="Andrey Illarionov">Andrey Illarionov</a>, former advisor to Vladimir Putin, has called the channel "the best Russian propaganda machine targeted at the outside world".<a href="#cite_note-Heyman-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Maczka-195">[194]</a> Chess grandmaster <a href="/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov">Garry Kasparov</a>, speaking after the launch of RT America, said: "Russia Today is an extension of the methods and approach of the state-controlled media inside Russia, applied in a bid to influence the American cable audience".<a href="#cite_note-Kramer-45">[45]</a> Others have commended its promotion and discussion of issues ignored or just not given enough time by the mainstream news media. In <a href="/wiki/E-International_Relations" title="E-International Relations">E-International Relations</a>, researcher Precious N Chatterje-Doody stated that RT viewers tend to recognize RT's state-controlled status, and that they choose to watch RT for its "non-mainstream" story selection and its use of technology. She asserted that if RT broadcast only "blatant propaganda", it would not retain its audience.<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> According to Adam Johnson in The Nation magazine, "while Russia Today toes the Kremlin's line on foreign policy, it also provides an outlet to marginalized issues and voices stateside. RT, for example, has covered the recent prison strikes—the largest in American history—twice. So far CNN, MSNBC, NPR, and Rutenberg's employer, The New York Times, haven't covered them at all. RT aggressively covered Occupy Wall Street early on while the rest of corporate US media were marginalizing from afar (for this effort, RT was nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a>)."<a href="#cite_note-281">[280]</a> John Feffer, co-director of Foreign Policy in Focus says he appears on RT as well as the U.S.-funded Voice of America and Radio Free Asia, commented "I've been given the opportunity to talk about military expenditures in a way I haven't been given in U.S. outlets". On the fairness issue, he said: "You're going to find blind spots in the coverage for any news organization".<a href="#cite_note-Zwick-253">[252]</a> Among the complaints of RT are the quality of its journalism and general production of "propaganda and disinformation". Graduate students at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Graduate_School_of_Journalism" title="Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism">Columbia School of Journalism</a> monitored RT's (US) output for much of 2015, and found "RT ignores the inherent traits of journalism—checking sources, relaying facts, attempting honest reportage" and "you'll find 'experts' lacking in expertise, conspiracy theories without backing, and, from time to time, outright fabrication for the sake of pushing a pro-Kremlin line", according to Casey Michel, who worked on the project.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> The results were compiled in a <a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a> blog.<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> Media analyst Vasily Gatov wrote in a 2014 <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">Moscow Times</a> article that sharp ethical and reporting skills are not required for Russian media employees, including RT.<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a> RT has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Noticeboard/Archive_295#RfC:_RT_(Russia_Today)" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 295">deprecated</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_community" title="Wikipedia community">Wikipedia community</a> as an unreliable source of information, with consensus being that it is "a mouthpiece of the Russian government that engages in propaganda and disinformation."<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> In a 2022 research paper comparing RT and <a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a>'s coverage of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a>, Martin Moore and Thomas Colley of <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> conceptualized RT as operating using a "partisan parasite" propaganda model, noting that it "often covers topics and people that would mainly be familiar to US audiences, but which are of little international salience or relevance", and that it rarely covers Russia except through the lens of U.S. politics. They also noted: "Its content selection, partisan framing and vernacular style is similar to right-wing US outlets like <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newsmax" title="Newsmax">Newsmax</a> and <a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">One America News Network</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Moore-2022-287">[286]</a> RT has been accused of different approaches to disinformation: <ul><li>Focusing on "presenting a negative picture of the United States and 'the West'", rather than extolling "Russia's virtues directly", publishing conspiracy theories about the West, criticizing U.S. influence abroad, and presenting Russia as "a 'global underdog'" to U.S. hegemony. (Michael Dukalskis in his 2021 book on tactics used by authoritarian regimes to construct a positive image of their regimes).<a href="#cite_note-Dukalskis-dictatorship-62">[62]</a></li> <li>Normally giving reporters and presenters considerable latitude, and saving straight-up pro-Russian government "message control" (propaganda), for "highly sensitive issues", such as the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Khodorkovsky#Criminal_charges_and_incarceration" title="Mikhail Khodorkovsky">the trial of Mikhail Khodorkovsky</a>, (Julia Ioffe).<a href="#cite_note-Ioffe-42">[42]</a></li> <li>Functioning in some circumstances, (like the 2016 U.S. presidential election), as a part of a larger Russian disinformation apparatus with the goal of undermining "public faith in the U.S. democratic process," and damaging enemies (like Hillary Clinton). RT and other state-funded Russian media, publicize "real information, some open and some hacked" (i.e. stolen), along with "false reports" they've created. These are "amplified on social media, sometimes by computer bots that send out thousands of Facebook and Twitter messages." (Steven Erlanger, quoting U.S. agencies).<a href="#cite_note-Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17-247">[246]</a></li> <li>Only rarely taking a "single, anti-Western media line on any given story", which would be "too obvious". Instead, presenting "gaggles of competing and contradicting narratives which together create the impression that the truth is indecipherable". (Lithuania's STRATCOM Colonel).<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> RT's "main message is that you cannot trust the western media". It seems "dedicated to the proposition that after the notion of objectivity has evaporated, all stories are equally true." (Peter Pomerantsev, writing in The Guardian in 2015)<a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> Using a strategy of distributing fake stories in "high-volume and multichannel, rapid, continuous, and repetitive" manner, with no regard to consistency. This "<a href="/wiki/Firehose_of_falsehood" title="Firehose of falsehood">firehose of falsehood</a>" makes propaganda difficult to counter. (Christopher Paul, Miriam Matthews of <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>).<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> Though viewers may still oppose Russian policy and dislike Putin, RT's goal is for "a bit" of disinformation mud to "stick" to viewers and their doubts about Western institutions to grow. (Robert Pszczel, who ran NATO's information office in Moscow and watches Russia and the western Balkans for NATO.)<a href="#cite_note-Erlanger-NYT-8-3-17-247">[246]</a></li> <li>Pushing different themes in different countries, which are often contradictory but all serve the Russian government's interests: <ul><li>presenting itself as a liberal alternative in the United States, but as the flagship of resurgent <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> parties in Europe. (Patrick Hilsman)<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a></li> <li>warning domestic Russian audiences of the dangers of COVID-19 and the need for preventive measures, while saturating English, German, French, Spanish, and Arabic-language platforms with <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> and conspiracy theories.<a href="#cite_note-@DFRLab-217">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-meduza.io-two-faces-218">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-RFE/RT-27-10-21-292">[291]</a></li> <li>RT (and other Russian propaganda media) may broadcast different "themes or messages", different accounts of "contested events", and may change their account (their "falsehood or misrepresentation") if it is "exposed or ... not well received", moving "on to a new (though not necessarily more plausible) explanation".<a href="#cite_note-RAND-293">[292]</a> An example being Russian media explanations for killing of 283 passengers and 15 crew from the downing of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17</a> on 17 July 2014 while the plane was flying over pro-Russian <a href="/wiki/Novorossiya_(confederation)" title="Novorossiya (confederation)">separatist-controlled territory</a> in Ukraine. The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Safety_Board" title="Dutch Safety Board">Dutch Safety Board</a> (DSB) and the Dutch-led <a href="#Criminal_investigation">joint investigation team</a> (JIT), concluded that the airliner was downed by a Russian <a href="/wiki/Buk_missile_system" title="Buk missile system">Buk</a> <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missile</a> launched from the separatist-controlled territory,<a href="#cite_note-DSB_Final_Report-294">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> and American, German, Dutch and Australia investigations held Russia responsible. Russian media (<a href="/wiki/Life_(news_agency,_Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Life (news agency, Russia)">LifeNews</a>) first reported separatists had shot down a "Ukrainian Air Force <a href="/wiki/An-26" class="mw-redirect" title="An-26">An-26</a> transport plane" with a missile, calling it "a new victory for the Donetsk militia".<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-lifenews_136801-298">[297]</a> Later, after it was clear the plane was civilian, offering a variety of theories of how the Ukrainian military was responsible.<a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a> One theory offered and later discarded by RT was that the airliner may have been shot down by Ukraine in a failed attempt to assassinate Vladimir Putin, in a plot which was organised by Ukraine's "Western backers". (However Putin's flight route was hundreds of kilometres north of Ukraine.)<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disinformation_and_conspiracy_theories">Disinformation and conspiracy theories</h3></div> Academics, fact-checkers, and news reporters (including some current and former RT reporters) have identified RT as a purveyor of <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a><a href="#cite_note-disinformation-57">[57]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy theories">conspiracy theories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-conspiracy_theories-64">[64]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> magazine observed that RT's programming, while sometimes interesting and unobjectionable, and sometimes "hard-edged", also presents "wild conspiracy theories" that can be regarded as "kooky".<a href="#cite_note-economist-wobbly-58">[58]</a> A 2013 article in <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> said that RT "uses a chaotic mixture of conspiracy theories and crude propaganda", pointing to a program that "mutated" the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Marathon_bombing" title="Boston Marathon bombing">Boston Marathon bombing</a> into a U.S. government conspiracy.<a href="#cite_note-SpiegelBidder-43">[43]</a> The launch of <a href="/wiki/RT_UK" title="RT UK">RT UK</a> was the subject of much comment in the British press in late 2014.<a href="#cite_note-BBCMonitoring-302">[301]</a> In <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Cohen" title="Nick Cohen">Nick Cohen</a> accused the channel of consciously spreading conspiracy theories and of being a "prostitution of journalism".<a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Kamm" title="Oliver Kamm">Oliver Kamm</a>, a columnist for <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>, called on British broadcasting regulator <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> to act against this "den of deceivers".<a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a> Journalists at <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> have observed that RT employs Tony Gosling, an exponent of long-discredited conspiracy theories concerning the alleged control of the world by <a href="/wiki/Illuminati" title="Illuminati">Illuminati</a> and the Czarist <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> forgery <a href="/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" title="The Protocols of the Elders of Zion">The Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Holland-305">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-Drezner-306">[305]</a> RT has broadcast stories about microchips being implanted into office workers in the EU to make them more "submissive"; about the "majority" of Europeans supporting <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Russian annexation of Crimea</a>; the EU preparing "a form of genocide" against Russians; in Germany it <a href="/wiki/Criminal_case_of_Lisa_F." title="Criminal case of Lisa F.">falsely reported about a kidnapping of a Russian girl</a>; that "NATO planned to store nuclear weapons in Eastern Europe"; that Hillary Clinton fell ill; it has also on many occasions misrepresented or invented statements from European leaders.<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a> In 2017, RT started its own <a href="/wiki/Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">fact-checking</a> project, FakeCheck, in response to accusations of spreading fake news.<a href="#cite_note-Oremus-2017-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poynter-2017-311">[310]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Poynter_Institute" title="Poynter Institute">Poynter Institute</a> conducted a content analysis of FakeCheck and concluded it "mixes some legitimate debunks with other scantily sourced or dubiously framed 'fact checks.'"<a href="#cite_note-Poynter-2017-311">[310]</a> Ben Nimmo of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a>'s Digital Forensic Research Lab found that four out of nine articles published in its first two weeks contained "inaccuracies and possible bias with irrelevant or insufficient evidence."<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a> From the time of the <a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russia unrest in Ukraine</a> RT has repeatedly been exposed for producing <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a>.<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a> In 2017, the channel was involved in a fake news scandal about a 'Putin burger' it claimed was on the menu in a New York diner, to celebrate the birthday of the Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>. The 'Putin burger' story was quickly exposed as a fabrication, and RT removed it from their site.<a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a> When caught publishing false information, RT has frequently deleted the material from their site and made no further comment.<a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a> In 2022, the Centre for Democratic Integrity (CDI) published a comprehensive report "RT in Europe and beyond" which in detail describes disinformation and divisive activities of RT against European audience with focus on regional editions (French, Spanish, German, British), documenting specific disinformation campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a> In 2022, Martin Moore and Thomas Colley of <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> noted that RT's coverage of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a> was anti-<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and pro-Trump, with RT promoting the <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">Trump campaign</a>'s unfounded claims that Biden was the head of a "crime family", as well as allegations that Biden's son <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Hunter</a> <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_controversy" title="Hunter Biden laptop controversy">made corrupt business deals in Ukraine and China</a> and possessed pictures of underage girls. RT also questioned Joe Biden's fitness for office and promoted unfounded rumors that he could only debate effectively with the use of headpieces and/or performance-enhancing drugs. Following the election, RT uncritically promoted Trump's <a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">unfounded claims of electoral fraud</a>, and Moore and Colley noted that in its coverage of the electoral process, RT claimed that the process was "dysfunctional, fraudulent or futile".<a href="#cite_note-Moore-2022-287">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treatment_of_Putin_and_Medvedev">Treatment of Putin and Medvedev</h3></div> A 2007 article in The Christian Science Monitor stated that RT reported on the good job Putin was doing in the world and next to nothing on things like the conflict in Chechnya or the murder of government critics.<a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a> According to a 2010 report by The Independent, RT journalists have said that coverage of sensitive issues in Russia is allowed, but direct criticism of Vladimir Putin or President <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> was not.<a href="#cite_note-Walker-96">[96]</a> Masha Karp wrote in <a href="/wiki/Standpoint_(magazine)" title="Standpoint (magazine)">Standpoint</a> magazine that contemporary Russian issues "such as the suppression of free speech and peaceful demonstrations, or the economic inefficiency and corrupt judiciary, are either ignored or their significance played down".<a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a> In 2008, Stephen Heyman wrote in The New York Times that in RT's Russia, "corruption is not quite a scourge but a symptom of a developing economy".<a href="#cite_note-Heyman-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-Americanism_and_anti-Westernism">Anti-Americanism and anti-Westernism</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Floyd_protests_and_memorial_in_Iran_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/George_Floyd_protests_and_memorial_in_Iran_%288%29.jpg/220px-George_Floyd_protests_and_memorial_in_Iran_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/George_Floyd_protests_and_memorial_in_Iran_%288%29.jpg/330px-George_Floyd_protests_and_memorial_in_Iran_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/George_Floyd_protests_and_memorial_in_Iran_%288%29.jpg/440px-George_Floyd_protests_and_memorial_in_Iran_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="923" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>RT reporter covering the <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> in Iran in June 2020</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a> writer <a href="/wiki/James_Kirchick" title="James Kirchick">James Kirchick</a> accused the network of "often virulent <a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">anti-Americanism</a>, worshipful portrayal of Russian leaders".<a href="#cite_note-Kirchick-319">[318]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lucas_(journalist)" title="Edward Lucas (journalist)">Edward Lucas</a> wrote in <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> (quoted in <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a>) that the core of RT was "anti-Westernism".<a href="#cite_note-Sousa-267">[266]</a> Julia Ioffe wrote: "Often, it seemed that Russia Today was just a way to stick it to the U.S. from behind the façade of legitimate newsgathering."<a href="#cite_note-Ioffe-42">[42]</a> Shaun Walker wrote in <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> that RT "has made a name for itself as a strident critic of US policy".<a href="#cite_note-independent.co.uk-320">[319]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alessandra_Stanley" title="Alessandra Stanley">Alessandra Stanley</a> wrote in The New York Times that RT is "like the Voice of America, only with more money and a zesty anti-American slant".<a href="#cite_note-Stanley-116">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Weigel" title="David Weigel">David Weigel</a> writes that RT goes further than merely creating distrust of the United States government, to saying, in effect: "You can trust the Russians more than you can trust those bastards."<a href="#cite_note-Weigel-101">[101]</a> Russian studies professor <a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Cohen" title="Stephen F. Cohen">Stephen F. Cohen</a> stated in 2012 that RT does a lot of stories that "reflect badly" on the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and much of Western Europe and that they are "particularly aggrieved by American sermonizing abroad". Citing that RT compares stories about Russia allowing mass protests of the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Russian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–2012 Russian protests">2011–2012 Russian election protests</a> with those of U.S. authorities nationwide arresting members of the <a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a>. Cohen states that despite the pro-Kremlin slant, "any intelligent viewer can sort this out. I doubt that many idiots find their way to RT".<a href="#cite_note-Zwick-253">[252]</a> RT America has described journalists as "Russiagate conspiracy theorists" for covering Special Counsel Robert Mueller's report on Russian interference in the 2016 election.<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a> Russian journalist, former press secretary of the head of the UN Mission in South Africa, Yuri Sigov, wrote that when covering Canada, Russia Today presents information selectively. This is almost always negative information aimed at fulfilling political orders.<a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli–Palestinian_conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</h3></div> RT, particularly the former RT presenter <a href="/wiki/Abby_Martin" title="Abby Martin">Abby Martin</a>, has been accused of being anti-Israel and pro-Palestinian by <a href="/wiki/The_Algemeiner" class="mw-redirect" title="The Algemeiner">The Algemeiner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israel_National_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel National News">Israel National News</a>.<a href="#cite_note-israel-methods-323">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-rt-anti-israel-324">[323]</a> Israeli foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Avigdor Lieberman</a> made a complaint[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] to Putin at their official meeting in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-rt-anti-israel-complaint-325">[324]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change_denial">Climate change denial</h3></div> In November 2021, a study by the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Countering_Digital_Hate" title="Center for Countering Digital Hate">Center for Countering Digital Hate</a> described RT as being among "ten fringe publishers" that together were responsible for nearly 70 percent of Facebook user interactions with content that denied climate change. Facebook disputed the study's methodology.<a href="#cite_note-Porterfield_11/2/2021-326">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-Toxic_Ten_11/2/2021-328">[327]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COVID-19_misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</h3></div> Compared to RT's coverage of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> for its viewers in Russia, RT's coverage of the pandemic for its international viewers was saturated with <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> and conspiracy theories. RT urged domestic Russian audiences to vaccinate and wear <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">masks</a> to prevent COVID-19, while advocating against virus-prevention measures on its English, German, French, Spanish, and Arabic-language platforms.<a href="#cite_note-@DFRLab-217">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-meduza.io-two-faces-218">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-RFE/RT-27-10-21-292">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-SIO-9-6-20-329">[328]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responses">Responses</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="States">States</h3></div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> – Sanctions against <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Kiselyov" title="Dmitry Kiselyov">Dmitry Kiselyov</a>, the head of Russia's state-controlled <a href="/wiki/Rossiya_Segodnya" title="Rossiya Segodnya">Rossiya Segodnya</a> and RT television presenter, have been in place since the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">2014 invasion and annexation</a> of Ukraine's Crimea. The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Council of the European Union">EU Council</a> cites Kiselyov to be a "central figure of the government propaganda supporting the deployment of Russian forces in Ukraine". Initially, Russian state-owned media outlets were not banned and continued to be available in the EU, with the exception of Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland.<a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> Special Committee on Foreign Interference in all Democratic Processes in the European Union, including Disinformation (INGE) described RT as "actively engaging in disinformation activities" and highlighted that RT and <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(news_agency)" title="Sputnik (news agency)">Sputnik</a> are pushing local broadcasters in Europe off from the market thanks to massive funding from Russian Federation.<a href="#cite_note-333">[332]</a> Editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Margarita_Simonyan" title="Margarita Simonyan">Margarita Simonyan</a> was sanctioned by the European Union on 23 February 2022 when Russia recognized the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a> breakaway states.<a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a> On 27 February 2022, the EU banned RT and Sputnik from broadcasting in its member countries, following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBS2022-146">[146]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Communications,_Urban_Infrastructure,_Cities_and_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Communications, Urban Infrastructure, Cities and the Arts">Minister for Communications</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Fletcher_(politician)" title="Paul Fletcher (politician)">Paul Fletcher</a> requested the partially Australian government funded <a href="/wiki/Public_service_broadcaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Public service broadcaster">public service broadcaster</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a> suspend broadcasts of RT and <a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">NTV</a> news programming on its <a href="/wiki/World_Watch" title="World Watch">World Watch</a> platform. Fletcher stated, "Given the current actions of the Russian government [<a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>], and the lack of genuinely independent Russian media, this is a responsible decision." SBS suspended the aforementioned broadcasts on 25 February 2022.<a href="#cite_note-335">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a> The RT channel was removed from Australian pay TV provider <a href="/wiki/Foxtel" title="Foxtel">Foxtel</a>'s listings the next day due to concerns about the situation in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[337]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> – On 16 March 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio-television_and_Telecommunications_Commission" title="Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission">Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission</a> banned RT and RT France from broadcasting in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-339">[338]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> – After failing to obtain a broadcast license compliant with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Media_Treaty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Media Treaty (page does not exist)">State Media Treaty</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medienstaatsvertrag" class="extiw" title="de:Medienstaatsvertrag">de</a>], <a href="/wiki/RT_DE" title="RT DE">RT DE</a> was banned in Germany by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commission_for_Licensing_and_Supervision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commission for Licensing and Supervision (page does not exist)">Commission for Licensing and Supervision</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommission_f%C3%BCr_Zulassung_und_Aufsicht" class="extiw" title="de:Kommission für Zulassung und Aufsicht">de</a>] (ZAK) on 2 February 2022.<a href="#cite_note-340">[339]</a> The Russian <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> responded with "retaliatory measures" to remove German broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a> from Russia.<a href="#cite_note-341">[340]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> – Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Picardo" title="Fabian Picardo">Fabian Picardo</a> requested a nationwide ban of RT on 25 February 2022 in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, describing RT as "a dangerous source of disinformation that Gibraltar cannot accept on its networks". Television providers in Gibraltar agreed to suspend broadcasts of RT.<a href="#cite_note-342">[341]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> – At the end of June 2020, after new amendments to the Law on Electronic Media were made, seven RT channels were banned in Latvia for being under the control of <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Kiselyov" title="Dmitry Kiselyov">Dmitry Kiselyov</a> who had been sanctioned by the European Union since 2014. Chairperson of the National Electronic Mass Media Council Ivars Āboliņš said they will be asking all EU state regulators to follow their example and restrict RT in their territory.<a href="#cite_note-343">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-Latvia_ban-76">[76]</a> Kiselyov called the decision "an indicator of the level of stupidity and ignorance of the Latvian authorities, blinded by Russophobia".<a href="#cite_note-344">[343]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> – <a href="/wiki/Linas_Antanas_Linkevi%C4%8Dius" title="Linas Antanas Linkevičius">Linas Antanas Linkevičius</a>, Lithuania's Minister of Foreign Affairs, posted on Twitter on 9 March 2014 amid the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation</a>, "Russia Today propaganda machine is no less destructive than military marching in Crimea".<a href="#cite_note-345">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[345]</a> It was banned by the Radio and Television Commission of Lithuania on 8 July 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Lithuania_ban-77">[77]</a> The decision of both Latvian and Lithuanian authorities was criticised by <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> as "misuse of the EU sanctions policy".<a href="#cite_note-347">[346]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Krajowa_Rada_Radiofonii_i_Telewizji" class="mw-redirect" title="Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji">National Broadcasting Council</a> banned RT in Poland on 24 February 2022 in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-Poland_ban-348">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[348]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> – RT has been banned in Ukraine by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> since August 2014, following the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">invasion and annexation</a> of Ukrainian territory.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_ban-75">[75]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> – On 18 March 2022, ANO TV Novosti's broadcasting license was revoked by <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a>, effectively banning RT from being broadcast. This was taken in the wake of RT UK being funded by the Russian government, which, when combined with their promotion of Russian state narratives with regard to sanctions and its invasion of Ukraine, was deemed a violation of neutrality standards.<a href="#cite_note-UK_licence_revoke-350">[349]</a> This came after an investigation was launched on 2 March 2022 in these matters, also involving the invasion.<a href="#cite_note-UK_investigation-351">[350]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> – In September 2017, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">US Department of Justice</a> compelled RT to file paperwork under the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agents_Registration_Act" title="Foreign Agents Registration Act">Foreign Agents Registration Act</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-352">[351]</a> Previously, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> had referred to RT as a state-sponsored "propaganda bullhorn" and he continued by saying, "Russia Today [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] network has deployed to promote president Putin's fantasy about what is playing out on the ground. They almost spend full-time devoted to this effort, to propagandize, and to distort what is happening or not happening in Ukraine."<a href="#cite_note-JKerry-353">[352]</a> RT responded that they wanted "an official response from the U.S. Department of State substantiating Mr. Kerry's claims".<a href="#cite_note-BI_RTupset-354">[353]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stengel" title="Richard Stengel">Richard Stengel</a> from the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State">Department of State</a> responded.<a href="#cite_note-BI_State_Department-355">[354]</a> Stengel stated in his response, "RT is a distortion machine, not a news organization", concluding that "the network and its editors should not pretend that RT is anything other than another player in Russia's global disinformation campaign against the people of Ukraine and their supporters". However, Stengel supports RT's right to broadcast in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Stengel-356">[355]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_involvement">Political involvement</h3></div> In April 2017, during his successful run for President of France, <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>'s <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">campaign team</a> banned both RT and the <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(news_agency)" title="Sputnik (news agency)">Sputnik news agency</a> from campaign events. A Macron spokesperson said the two outlets showed a "systematic desire to issue fake news and false information".<a href="#cite_note-Emmanuel_Macron's_campaign_team_bans_Russian_news_outlets_from_events-357">[356]</a> Macron later said during a press conference that RT and Sputnik were "agencies of influence and propaganda, lying propaganda—no more, no less".<a href="#cite_note-358">[357]</a> RT editor-in-chief Margarita Simonyan characterized Macron's remarks on RT as an attack on freedom of speech.<a href="#cite_note-359">[358]</a> In October 2017, Twitter banned both RT and Sputnik from advertising on their social networking service amid accusations of <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a>, sparking an angry response from the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)">Russian foreign ministry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Twitter_bans_RT_and_Sputnik_ads_amid_election_interference_fears-360">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-361">[360]</a> Twitter in August 2020 began to identify RT, along with other Russian and Chinese media outlets, as "state-affiliated media" in a prominent place at the top of their accounts on the social media platform.<a href="#cite_note-362">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[362]</a> In November 2017, <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a> announced that Google will be "deranking" stories from RT and Sputnik in response to allegations about election meddling by President Putin's government, provoking an accusation of censorship from both outlets.<a href="#cite_note-Google_to_'derank'_Russia_Today_and_Sputnik-364">[363]</a> In March 2018, <a href="/wiki/John_McDonnell" title="John McDonnell">John McDonnell</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Chancellor">Shadow Chancellor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">British Labour Party</a>, advised fellow Labour MPs to boycott RT and said he would no longer appear on the channel. He said: "We tried to be fair with them and as long as they abide by journalistic standards that are objective that's fine but it looks as if they have gone beyond that line". A party representative said: "We are keeping the issue under review".<a href="#cite_note-365">[364]</a> In July 2019, the <a href="/wiki/UK_Foreign_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Foreign Office">UK Foreign Office</a> banned both RT and Sputnik from attending the Global Conference for Media Freedom in London for "their active role in spreading disinformation". The Russian Embassy called the decision "direct politically motivated discrimination", while RT responded in a statement: "It takes a particular brand of hypocrisy to advocate for freedom of press while banning inconvenient voices and slandering <a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">alternative media</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Russia's_RT_banned_from_UK_media_freedom_conference-366">[365]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_responses">Other responses</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2008–2012">2008–2012</h4></div> During the <a href="/wiki/2008_South_Ossetia_War" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 South Ossetia War">2008 South Ossetia War</a>, RT correspondent William Dunbar resigned after the network refused to let him report on Russian airstrikes of civilian targets, stating, "any issue where there is a Kremlin line, RT is sure to toe it".<a href="#cite_note-367">[366]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>, sources at RT confirmed that Dunbar had resigned, saying that it was not over bias. One senior RT journalist told the magazine, "the Russian coverage I have seen has been much better than much of the Western coverage... Russian news coverage is largely pro-Russia, but that is to be expected."<a href="#cite_note-368">[367]</a> Shaun Walker, the Moscow correspondent for <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>, said that RT had "instructed reporters not to report from Georgian villages within <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> that had been <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnically cleansed</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Burrell-104">[104]</a> Julia Ioffe wrote that an RT journalist whose reporting deviated from "the Kremlin line that Georgians were slaughtering unarmed Ossetians" was reprimanded.<a href="#cite_note-Ioffe-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> said that RT's claim of 2,000 South Ossetian casualties was exaggerated.<a href="#cite_note-369">[368]</a><a href="#cite_note-370">[369]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RT_covering_protests_in_Moscow_on_1012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RT_covering_protests_in_Moscow_on_1012.JPG/220px-RT_covering_protests_in_Moscow_on_1012.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RT_covering_protests_in_Moscow_on_1012.JPG/330px-RT_covering_protests_in_Moscow_on_1012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/RT_covering_protests_in_Moscow_on_1012.JPG/440px-RT_covering_protests_in_Moscow_on_1012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>RT team covering protests in <a href="/wiki/Bolotnaya_Square" title="Bolotnaya Square">Bolotnaya Square</a> in Moscow on 10 December 2011</figcaption></figure> In 2012, Jesse Zwick of <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a> criticized RT, stating it held that "civilian casualties in Syria are minimal, foreign intervention would be disastrous, and any humanitarian appeals from Western nations are a thin veil for a NATO-backed move to isolate Iran, China, and Russia". He wrote that RT wants to "make the United States look out of line for lecturing Russia".<a href="#cite_note-Zwick-253">[252]</a> Zwick also wrote that RT provided a "disproportionate amount of time" to covering <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a> Republican <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> during <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul_presidential_campaign,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron Paul presidential campaign, 2012">his 2012 presidential campaign</a>. Writing after her 2014 on-air resignation, <a href="/wiki/Liz_Wahl" title="Liz Wahl">Liz Wahl</a> suggested the reason for this "wasn't his message of freedom and liberty but his non-interventionist stance and consistent criticism of U.S. foreign policy. His message fit RT's narrative that the United States is a huge bully."<a href="#cite_note-Wahl-2014-371">[370]</a> In a June 2011 broadcast of Adam vs. the Man, host <a href="/wiki/Adam_Kokesh" title="Adam Kokesh">Adam Kokesh</a> endorsed fundraising for Paul, leading to a complaint to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a> charging a political contribution had been made by a foreign corporation. Kokesh said his cancellation in August was related to Paul's aide <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Benton" title="Jesse Benton">Jesse Benton</a> rather than the complaint.<a href="#cite_note-Politico-257">[256]</a> In September 2012, UK broadcast regulator <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> found that two Libyan dispatches broadcast by RT's <a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Phelan" title="Lizzie Phelan">Lizzie Phelan</a> in a year earlier were in breach of its code on accuracy and impartiality. The following November, RT was again found in breach of impartiality rules in relation to its coverage of the Syrian conflict.<a href="#cite_note-372">[371]</a> An August 2013 story concerning unverified reports of the killing of 450 <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> civilians near the Turkey-Syria border was also found to have breached Ofcom's rules.<a href="#cite_note-373">[372]</a> That December, Ofcom found RT in breach of its standards in relation to the impartiality of a documentary entitled "Syrian Diary" broadcast the previous March.<a href="#cite_note-374">[373]</a> Speaking in 2014 former RT reporter Sara Firth said that there had previously been examples of senior editorial interference, and that she had been pulled out of Syria after some "very heated discussions" about the channel's coverage.<a href="#cite_note-sarafirth-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2014">2014</h4></div> On 4 March 2014, Breaking The Set host <a href="/wiki/Abby_Martin_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abby Martin (journalist)">Abby Martin</a>, speaking directly to her viewing audience during the show's closing statement, said that even though she works for RT, she is against Russia's intervention in Ukraine. She said that "what Russia did is wrong", as she is against intervention by any nation into other countries' affairs.<a href="#cite_note-375">[374]</a> Later, Martin asserted that RT still supports her despite her differences of opinion with the Russian government.<a href="#cite_note-376">[375]</a> RTs press office suggested that Martin would be sent to <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> and responded to accusations of propaganda, stating "the charges of propaganda tend to pop up every time a news outlet, particularly RT, dares to show the side of events that does not fit the mainstream narrative, regardless of the realities on the ground. This happened in <a href="/wiki/Information_war_during_the_Russo-Georgian_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Information war during the Russo-Georgian war">Georgia</a>, this is happening in <a href="/wiki/2014_Crimean_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Crimean crisis">Ukraine</a>".<a href="#cite_note-377">[376]</a> <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Greenwald" title="Glenn Greenwald">Glenn Greenwald</a> said that American media elites love to mock Russian media, especially RT, as being a source of shameless pro-Putin propaganda, where free expression is strictly barred. Agreeing the "network has a strong pro-Russian bias", he suggested that Martin's action "remarkably demonstrated what 'journalistic independence' means".<a href="#cite_note-378">[377]</a> On 5 March 2014, RT Washington, D.C. bureau anchor Liz Wahl resigned on air, blaming RT for propaganda. Wahl stated that what "broke" her was that RT censored a question from her interview with Ron Paul about "Russia's intervention in Ukraine". In response, RT released a statement: "When a journalist disagrees with the editorial position of his or her organization, the usual course of action is to address those grievances with the editor, and, if they cannot be resolved, to quit like a professional. But when someone makes a big public show of a personal decision, it is nothing more than a self-promotional stunt. We wish Liz the best of luck on her chosen path".<a href="#cite_note-379">[378]</a> In a March 2014 Politico article, Wahl stated: "For about two and a half years. I'd looked the other way as the network smeared America for the sake of making the Kremlin look better by comparison, while it sugarcoated atrocities by one brutal dictator after another."<a href="#cite_note-Wahl-2014-371">[370]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liz_Wahl_on_RT_America.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Liz_Wahl_on_RT_America.png/220px-Liz_Wahl_on_RT_America.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Liz_Wahl_on_RT_America.png/330px-Liz_Wahl_on_RT_America.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Liz_Wahl_on_RT_America.png/440px-Liz_Wahl_on_RT_America.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>RT America broadcast with former anchor <a href="/wiki/Liz_Wahl" title="Liz Wahl">Liz Wahl</a></figcaption></figure> When asked about a clip of her interviewing a guest on RT by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Stelter" title="Brian Stelter">Brian Stelter</a>, host of CNN's <a href="/wiki/Reliable_Sources" title="Reliable Sources">Reliable Sources</a>, Wahl responded, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">They get these extreme voices on that have this kind of hostile toward the West viewpoints towards the world, very extremist. These are the people that they have on. And when I was on the anchor desk, they would instruct you to egg on these guests and try to get them, you know, rallied up, to really fire off their anti-American talking points. Listen, I'm all about exposing government corruption. I'm all about being critical of the government. But this is different. This is promoting the foreign policy of somebody that has just invaded a country, has invaded the country and is then lying about it, is using the media as a tool to fulfill his foreign policy interests. And RT is part of Putin's propaganda network and it's very, very troubling in the wake of what is going on in Ukraine today.<a href="#cite_note-Reliable_Sources-56">[56]</a></blockquote> The New York Times <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a> columnist <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kristof" title="Nicholas Kristof">Nicholas Kristof</a> commented on CNN's <a href="/wiki/Piers_Morgan_Live" title="Piers Morgan Live">Piers Morgan Live</a> about Wahl's and Martin's initial actions, saying that he "admire[s] their outspokenness but, you know, at the end of the day, RT is a Russian propaganda arm, and I don't think it's going to matter very much to the geopolitical consequences here".<a href="#cite_note-Piers-380">[379]</a> Former RT Moscow anchor Staci Bivens, and other former RT journalists speaking under anonymity according to <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a>, said they regretted working for the network, citing their dislike of the network's use of propaganda. Bivens, for example, was explicitly asked to go to Germany and procure a story proving that "Germany is a <a href="/wiki/Failed_state" title="Failed state">failed state</a>". When she refused, other reporters were sent instead.<a href="#cite_note-Bivens-381">[380]</a> Steve Bloomfield, the foreign editor of <a href="/wiki/Monocle_(lifestyle_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocle (lifestyle magazine)">Monocle</a> wrote that RT's "coverage of Ukraine could not have been kinder to Moscow if Vladimir Putin had chosen the running order himself. While Putin kept up the pretence that there were no Russian troops in Crimea, so too did RT. The storming of government buildings across eastern Ukraine has been portrayed as the understandable actions of peace-loving protesters who fear "chaos" in Kiev".<a href="#cite_note-382">[381]</a> After the July 2014 crash of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17</a>, RT rushed to blame others for the plane's shoot-down in Ukraine amid accusations by Ukrainian fighters of Russian involvement in the crash.<a href="#cite_note-mh17-biau-383">[382]</a> Speaking of RT's coverage, Sarah Oates, professor of journalism at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland">University of Maryland</a> said: "But if you're going to engage in propaganda, you have to do it well. They have completely embarrassed themselves."<a href="#cite_note-TIME2114-384">[383]</a> Sara Firth, a London-based correspondent with RT resigned in protest over the network's coverage of the MH17 disaster. Shortly before resigning, she <a href="/wiki/Tweeted" class="mw-redirect" title="Tweeted">tweeted</a>, "RT style guide Rule 1: It is ALWAYS * Ukraine's fault (* add name as applicable)". She told The Guardian: "I walked into the newsroom and there was an eyewitness account making allegations [against Ukraine] and analysis, if you can call it, from our correspondent in the studio. It was just appalling, in a situation like that where there are families waiting to be informed and a devastating loss of life." She also noted that "There is bias against Russia but you don't counter wrong by doing even more wrong" and stated "I have always said it's better to have RT than to not have that perspective, but actually with a story like this and the way they misreport it, it's quite dangerous, I don't want to be party to it."<a href="#cite_note-sarafirth-55">[55]</a> In follow-up interview she said: "In Ukraine, you're taking a very small part of a much wider story, totally omitted the context of the story, and so what you wind up with on air is outright misinformation." Calling RT "mass information manipulation", Firth said: "they have a very clear idea in their mind of what they're trying to prove". She also stated that "The worst-kept secret is that RT is blatant propaganda. I'm one in a very long line of people who have left for the same reason."<a href="#cite_note-TIME2114-384">[383]</a> The following November, RT was again found in breach of Ofcom's impartiality rules, this time in relation to its coverage of the Ukraine crisis, specifically events leading up to the annexation by Russia of Crimea.<a href="#cite_note-385">[384]</a> For repeated breaches of its due impartiality rules, Ofcom put RT management "on notice that any future breaches of the due impartiality rules may result in further regulatory action, including consideration of a <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_(law)" title="Sanctions (law)">statutory sanction</a>".<a href="#cite_note-GuardianOfcom-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2015–2016">2015–2016</h4></div> In January 2015, Ofcom found RT (and the BBC) not in breach of rules on generally accepted standards following a complaint about the use of graphic imagery of bodies at the MH17 crash site.<a href="#cite_note-386">[385]</a><a href="#cite_note-387">[386]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin,_Russia_Today_television_channel_(2015-12-10)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Vladimir_Putin%2C_Russia_Today_television_channel_%282015-12-10%29_01.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin%2C_Russia_Today_television_channel_%282015-12-10%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Vladimir_Putin%2C_Russia_Today_television_channel_%282015-12-10%29_01.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin%2C_Russia_Today_television_channel_%282015-12-10%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Vladimir_Putin%2C_Russia_Today_television_channel_%282015-12-10%29_01.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin%2C_Russia_Today_television_channel_%282015-12-10%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>President Putin with Margarita Simonyan in front of RT's "Question more" slogan (2015)</figcaption></figure> Following the March 2015 <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> summit which concluded that action was needed to "challenge Russia's ongoing disinformation campaigns", the <a href="/wiki/European_External_Action_Service" title="European External Action Service">European External Action Service</a> was tasked to respond.<a href="#cite_note-Conversation-388">[387]</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> briefing notes on the situation called RT "Russia's main international media weapon".<a href="#cite_note-389">[388]</a> The counter-propaganda strategy subsequently developed by the EastStratCom Task Force, a small group of eight officials, included launching the EU vs Disinformation website with a headline of "don't be deceived, question even more".<a href="#cite_note-Conversation-388">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-390">[389]</a><a href="#cite_note-391">[390]</a> In September 2015, Ofcom found RT in breach of the impartiality rules in its coverage of the events in Ukraine and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. It also upheld the complaint by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> that allegations made in an episode of The Truthseeker that a BBC <a href="/wiki/Panorama_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panorama (TV series)">Panorama</a> film, <a href="/wiki/Saving_Syria%27s_Children" title="Saving Syria's Children">Saving Syria's Children</a>, had faked a parts of a report on a chemical weapon attack in Syria were "materially misleading".<a href="#cite_note-BBC-21Sept-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ofcom-21Sept-392">[391]</a><a href="#cite_note-Burrell_2015_RT_misled-393">[392]</a> In an episode of The Truthseeker, named Genocide of Eastern Ukraine, they stated that the Ukrainian government was deliberately bombing civilians and had murdered and tortured journalists, as well as <a href="/wiki/Crucified_Boy" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucified Boy">crucifying babies</a>. Ukrainian army forces were accused of "ethnic cleansing" and were compared to the Nazis in World War Two. The only response to the allegations in the broadcast was in the form of a caption saying "Kiev claims it is not committing genocide, denies casualty reports", which appeared on screen for six seconds. According to Ofcom the broadcast had "little or no counterbalance or objectivity".<a href="#cite_note-BBC-21Sept-66">[66]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crucified_Boy" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucified Boy">Crucified Boy</a></div> A spokesperson for the media regulator said: "Ofcom found that RT broadcast content that was either materially misleading or not duly impartial. These are significant failings and we are therefore requiring RT to broadcast two clear statements on our decision which correct these failures."<a href="#cite_note-394">[393]</a> In October 2015, <a href="/wiki/David_J._Kramer" title="David J. Kramer">David J. Kramer</a>, senior director for human rights and democracy at the <a href="/wiki/McCain_Institute" title="McCain Institute">McCain Institute</a> for International Leadership, suggested that Western countries freeze RT's assets "not because of the odious things it spews" but as part of the <a href="/wiki/Yukos_shareholders_vs._Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Yukos shareholders vs. Russia">Yukos shareholder case</a>.<a href="#cite_note-395">[394]</a> A report released by the US think-tank the <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a> in 2016 called RT part of "a wider Russian propaganda operation" named the "Firehose of Falsehood". The paper called "Russian faux-news propaganda channels, such as RT" insidious and that "they look like news programs, and the persons appearing on them are represented as journalists and experts, making audience members much more likely to ascribe credibility to the misinformation these sources are disseminating".<a href="#cite_note-RAND-293">[292]</a> In July 2016, Ofcom again found RT in breach of its impartiality rules, this time over coverage of the Turkish government's treatment of <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish people</a>. Two episodes of Going Underground originally broadcast in March, included claims of attacks, atrocities and <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> against the Kurds, and that "Turkey supports ISIS" without offering adequate counterbalance. RT's representatives stated the network "finds it especially difficult to obtain pro-Turkey views for its programming" because of "political tensions between Russia and Turkey following the downing of a Russian military aircraft by Turkish warplanes in November 2015".<a href="#cite_note-396">[395]</a><a href="#cite_note-397">[396]</a> In November 2016, after the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">US presidential election</a>, The Washington Post reported that RT and Sputnik were "state-funded Russian information services that mimic the style and tone of independent news organizations yet sometimes include false and misleading stories in their reports" and also that "RT, Sputnik and other Russian sites used social-media accounts to amplify misleading stories already circulating online".<a href="#cite_note-398">[397]</a> The Post was criticized by <a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a> for relying in part on an analysis by <a href="/wiki/PropOrNot" title="PropOrNot">PropOrNot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-skeptic1-399">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-skeptic2-400">[399]</a> In December 2016, Ofcom found RT in breach of its impartiality rules for the 10th time since the English-language channel launched. A Crosstalk episode broadcast the previous July, contained a <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debate</a> about the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/wiki/2016_Warsaw_summit" title="2016 Warsaw summit">2016 Warsaw summit</a> in which all members of the panel expressed critical views. RT's representatives again stated that they couldn't find anybody with alternative opinions willing to take part, and that captions with pro-NATO comments should have been added before broadcast, but the wrong text was accidentally used.<a href="#cite_note-401">[400]</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[401]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2017–2018">2017–2018</h4></div> On 12 January 2017, RT was accidentally broadcast for around 10 minutes on a web stream of U.S. public affairs service <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>. RT stated that while it was testing its systems in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">inauguration of Donald Trump</a>, its signal was "mistakenly routed onto the primary encoder feeding C-SPAN1's signal to the internet, rather than to an unused backup".<a href="#cite_note-variety-rtblockfb-403">[402]</a> On 19 January 2017, RT stated that it had been temporarily restricted from posting media on its Facebook page until 21 January, after the service said that RT had infringed on the copyrights of <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Liberty</a>'s Current Now TV when broadcasting a live stream of <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s final press conference as president of the United States. Current Time TV said that it had not sent any specific complaints to Facebook, and both RT and Current Now TV stated that they had obtained their feed from the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. The restriction was removed after about 20 hours, and Facebook did not say officially if this was because of a technical error or a policy issue.<a href="#cite_note-404">[403]</a><a href="#cite_note-variety-rtblockfb-403">[402]</a> In September 2017, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> informed RT America that it must register as a <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agents_Registration_Act" title="Foreign Agents Registration Act">foreign agent</a> of the Russian government. Margarita Simonyan, RT's editor-in-chief, condemned the action as an assault on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>. A spokesperson for the <a href="/wiki/Russian_foreign_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian foreign ministry">Russian foreign ministry</a> threatened retaliatory measures against American journalists.<a href="#cite_note-405">[404]</a><a href="#cite_note-406">[405]</a> On 13 November 2017, RT America officially registered as a "foreign agent" in the United States with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agents_Registration_Act" title="Foreign Agents Registration Act">Foreign Agents Registration Act</a>. Under the act, RT will be required to disclose financial information.<a href="#cite_note-Stubbs-2017-210">[209]</a> This move was criticized by the <a href="/wiki/Committee_to_Protect_Journalists" title="Committee to Protect Journalists">Committee to Protect Journalists</a>, which stated: "We're uncomfortable with governments deciding what constitutes journalism or propaganda".<a href="#cite_note-407">[406]</a> In December 2018, the British media regulator <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> ruled that seven programmes broadcast by RT between 17 March and 26 April of that year, in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Poisoning_of_Sergei_and_Yulia_Skripal" title="Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal">Salisbury nerve agent attacks</a>, had breached the UK's impartiality rules; the BBC reported that RT was "extremely disappointed by Ofcom's conclusions".<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_20_December_2018-408">[407]</a><a href="#cite_note-409">[408]</a> RT was fined £200,000 but kept its licence to broadcast in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-410">[409]</a> RT described Ofcom's actions against it as "inappropriate and disproportionate per Ofcom's own track record".<a href="#cite_note-411">[410]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2021">2021</h4></div> German journalist Daniel Lange employed by RT DE left the station in protest against its operation to spy on <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Navalny" title="Alexei Navalny">Alexey Navalny</a> while he was undergoing treatment in a hospital in Germany after <a href="/wiki/Poisoning_of_Alexei_Navalny" title="Poisoning of Alexei Navalny">being poisoned by FSB</a>. According to Lange, the assignment had nothing to do with journalism as he was instructed in the first place to test the security of the hospital, describe number of internal checkpoints and his RT leadership clearly indicated collected information will not be used for publication. Lange also described reporting bias in the RT where he was instructed by the editor to specifically select footage showing "all the filth of Germany".<a href="#cite_note-412">[411]</a> Russia threatened to ban YouTube in September for deleting the RT channels, RT DE and Der Fehlende Part. The platform had banned the RT channels for breaking its policies on spreading <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> and for using the second channel to circumvent an initial week-long suspension.<a href="#cite_note-413">[412]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022">2022</h4></div> In January, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State Department</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Global_Engagement_Center" title="Global Engagement Center">Global Engagement Center</a> (GEC) published a report titled "Kremlin-Funded Media: RT and Sputnik's Role in Russia's Disinformation and Propaganda Ecosystem." Its case studies included one on "false narratives" published by RT concerning the Russian military buildup on the Ukrainian border.<a href="#cite_note-2022State-414">[413]</a> Employees and associates of RT and its subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Ruptly" title="Ruptly">Ruptly</a> in multiple countries, including the UK and Germany, resigned in response to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, with some attributing their departures to the Russian government's prohibition of using the word "<a href="/wiki/Invasion" title="Invasion">invasion</a>" to describe the military offensive.<a href="#cite_note-415">[414]</a><a href="#cite_note-416">[415]</a><a href="#cite_note-417">[416]</a><a href="#cite_note-418">[417]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Tadde%C3%AF" title="Frédéric Taddeï">Frédéric Taddeï</a> quit his role as host of the RT France talk show <a href="/wiki/Interdit_d%27interdire" title="Interdit d'interdire">Interdit d'interdire</a> on 23 February when Russia recognized the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a> breakaway states immediately preceding the invasion.<a href="#cite_note-Taddeï_quit-266">[265]</a> Former First Minister of Scotland <a href="/wiki/Alex_Salmond" title="Alex Salmond">Alex Salmond</a> suspended his RT talk show, <a href="/wiki/The_Alex_Salmond_Show" title="The Alex Salmond Show">The Alex Salmond Show</a>, on 24 February after receiving public criticism following the invasion.<a href="#cite_note-Salmond_suspend-419">[418]</a> A number of British journalists based both in RT's offices in Moscow and at <a href="/wiki/RT_UK" title="RT UK">RT UK</a>'s now-disbanded offices in London resigned from the network in response to its coverage of the invasion;<a href="#cite_note-420">[419]</a> according to <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>, four have "publicly announced their resignation, while others are said to have quietly left RT's London bureau".<a href="#cite_note-Kanter-157">[157]</a> On 25 February, hacking group <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(hacker_group)" title="Anonymous (hacker group)">Anonymous</a> claimed a <a href="/wiki/Distributed_denial_of_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed denial of service">distributed denial of service</a> attack on the network's website, in support of Ukraine in its fight against Russia.<a href="#cite_note-421">[420]</a> The following day, <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet Inc.</a>, the owners of <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, temporarily barred RT from receiving any financial return from their ads on their YouTube platform.<a href="#cite_note-422">[421]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2024">2024</h4></div> In September 2024, the United States indicted two RT employees in New York and imposed sanctions on RT executives.<a href="#cite_note-423">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-424">[423]</a> Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a> accused RT of paying <a href="/wiki/Tenet_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenet Media">Tenet Media</a>, a right-wing media company in <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, to promote Russian propaganda to U.S. audiences to influence the outcome of the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-424">[423]</a><a href="#cite_note-425">[424]</a> The same month, <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> announced additional sanctions against RT-affiliated entities and individuals, stating that in 2023 RT established a unit with "cyber operational capabilities and ties to Russian intelligence" as well as cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">Global South</a> allies to counter RT.<a href="#cite_note-426">[425]</a> RT was also accused of covertly fundraising to procure body armor, sniper rifles, and other equipment for Russian soldiers fighting in Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-427">[426]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chimneyboy3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chimneyboy3.jpg/220px-Chimneyboy3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chimneyboy3.jpg/330px-Chimneyboy3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Chimneyboy3.jpg/440px-Chimneyboy3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Martyn_Andrews" title="Martyn Andrews">Martyn Andrews</a> reporting from Siberia in 2007</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>June 2007 – The 11th "Save and Preserve" International Environmental Television Festival<a href="#cite_note-428">[427]</a> awarded its Grand Prix to RT's Meeting with Nature series.</li> <li>November 2007 – RT's report on the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl catastrophe</a> received a special prize from the international 2007 AIB Media Excellence Awards<a href="#cite_note-429">[428]</a></li> <li>September 2008 – Russia's <a href="/wiki/TEFI" title="TEFI">TEFI</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Owen" title="Kevin Owen">Kevin Owen</a> in Best News Anchor category</li> <li>January 2009 – Silver World Medal from the New York Festivals, for Best News Documentary "A city of desolate mothers"<a href="#cite_note-430">[429]</a></li> <li>August 2010 – First nomination for an <a href="/wiki/International_Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="International Emmy Award">International Emmy Award</a> in News category for its coverage of president <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s trip to Russia.<a href="#cite_note-431">[430]</a></li> <li>August 2012 – Second nomination for an International Emmy Award for its coverage of the international <a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-432">[431]</a></li> <li>May 2014 – <a href="/wiki/Order_%22For_Merit_to_the_Fatherland%22" title="Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"">Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"</a> from President of Russia <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> to editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Margarita_Simonyan" title="Margarita Simonyan">Margarita Simonyan</a> for coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a><a href="#cite_note-433">[432]</a><a href="#cite_note-434">[433]</a></li> <li>August 2014 – Third nomination for an International Emmy Award for its coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_hunger_strikes" title="Guantanamo Bay hunger strikes">Guantanamo Bay hunger strikes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-435">[434]</a></li> <li>August 2016 – Fourth nomination for an International Emmy Award for its coverage of the 70th anniversary session of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-436">[435]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Disinformation in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Disinformation in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of the press in Russia">Freedom of the press in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Russia">Media of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_Beyond" title="Russia Beyond">Russia Beyond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian%E2%80%93Ukrainian_information_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian–Ukrainian information war">Russian–Ukrainian information war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Television" title="Soviet Central Television">Soviet Central Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTLM" class="mw-redirect" title="RTLM">RTLM</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2></div> <dl><dd>1.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#ref_a">^</a> Writing in The New York Times, Stephen Heyman estimated that more than $100 million had been spent on the station as of May 2008.<a href="#cite_note-Heyman-94">[94]</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> Although videos and channels may appear in search results, the videos are unwatchable, with UK users given the message: "This channel is not available in your country".<a href="#cite_note-Kanter-157">[157]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-state_media-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-state_media_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-state_media_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_note-Journalism_Studies-9">[9]</a>: <span title="Page: 2070
Quotation: "The state-owned Russia Today channel, carried widely in Western countries (Cohen 2014) as a result of subsidies provided by Moscow to cable and satellite operators (Zavadski 2015), mimics the form but not the journalistic practices of conventional news channels such as CNN."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">2070 <a href="#cite_note-International_Affairs_2021-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-European_Security_2017-11">[11]</a>: <span title="Page / location: 4
Quotation: "Use of state-controlled media such as RT (previously known as Russia Today) to spread the Russian narrative or contest the opponent's narrative is an important part of Russian information warfare."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">4 <a href="#cite_note-Digital_War_2021-12">[12]</a>: <span title="Page / location: 2
Quotation: "One of the major tools highlighted by the author is Russia Today, the state-controlled international television network that is often cited by Russian trolls in their dissemination of Pro-Kremlin messages."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">2 <a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-HKS_2020-14">[14]</a>: <span title="Location: Implications
Quotation: "However, when it comes to disinformation from state-controlled media sources platforms' options are more limited. Most often channels like Russia's RT and Iran's PressTV do not technically violate a platform's terms of service and so cannot be removed. ... State-media outlets often have no overt connection to their host state on their social media channels or their website. For instance, "In The Now" appears like any other short video news service and racks up millions of views but is a subsidiary of RT (O'Sullivan et al., 2019)."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">Implications  </li> <li id="cite_note-propaganda-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-propaganda_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-propaganda_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Network_Propaganda-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Orttung-39">[39]</a>: <span title="Page: 2
Quotation: "Russian propaganda, specifically RT, is carefully targeted to different audiences and has nuanced messaging designed to undermine the West on the basis of its own criteria, build credibility by covering less-heard voices in regional news, and using human interest program (click-bait) to draw in viewers."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">2 <a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ioffe-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-SpiegelBidder-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian_Harding_RT-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kramer-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ukraineback-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-MacFarquhar-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oremus-2017-48">[48]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-RT_Contact_info-3"><a href="#cite_ref-RT_Contact_info_3-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/about-us/contact-info/">"Contact info"</a>. RT International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170120035000/https://www.rt.com/about-us/contact-info/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2017. 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Washington. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302002010/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41991683">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Why+has+RT+registered+as+a+foreign+agent+with+the+US%3F&rft.date=2017-11-15&rft.aulast=Pisnia&rft.aufirst=Natalka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-41991683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Journalism_Studies-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Journalism_Studies_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Journalism_Studies_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaighHaighKozak2018" class="citation journal cs1">Haigh, Maria; Haigh, Thomas; Kozak, Nadine I. 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Retrieved 1 March 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journalism+Studies&rft.atitle=Stopping+Fake+News&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=2062-2087&rft.date=2018-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A152142122%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1461-670X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1461670X.2017.1316681&rft.aulast=Haigh&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Haigh%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Kozak%2C+Nadine+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F316465929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-International_Affairs_2021-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-International_Affairs_2021_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_Affairs_2021_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolovchenkoHartmannAdler-Nissen2018" class="citation journal cs1">Golovchenko, Yevgeniy; Hartmann, Mareike; <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Adler-Nissen" title="Rebecca Adler-Nissen">Adler-Nissen, Rebecca</a> (1 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/202808484/iiy148.pdf">"State, media and civil society in the information warfare over Ukraine: citizen curators of digital disinformation"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/International_Affairs_(journal)" title="International Affairs (journal)">International Affairs</a>. 94 (5). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 975–994. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fia%2Fiiy148">10.1093/ia/iiy148</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0020-5850">0020-5850</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240616063625/https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/202808484/iiy148.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2021. <q>Particularly in the wake of the crisis in Ukraine that erupted in 2013–2014, the Kremlin has been accused of orchestrating disinformation campaigns against the Ukrainian government and western countries by using online trolls and state-controlled online outlets such as RT (formerly known as Russia Today), Sputnik and Life News.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Affairs&rft.atitle=State%2C+media+and+civil+society+in+the+information+warfare+over+Ukraine%3A+citizen+curators+of+digital+disinformation&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=975-994&rft.date=2018-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fia%2Fiiy148&rft.issn=0020-5850&rft.aulast=Golovchenko&rft.aufirst=Yevgeniy&rft.au=Hartmann%2C+Mareike&rft.au=Adler-Nissen%2C+Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcuris.ku.dk%2Fws%2Ffiles%2F202808484%2Fiiy148.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-European_Security_2017-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-European_Security_2017_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-European_Security_2017_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellmanWagnsson2017" class="citation journal cs1">Hellman, Maria; Wagnsson, Charlotte (3 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210423124457/https://dl1.cuni.cz/pluginfile.php/773054/mod_resource/content/0/hellman2017.pdf">"How can European states respond to Russian information warfare? An analytical framework"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/European_Security" title="European Security">European Security</a>. 26 (2). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>: 153–170. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09662839.2017.1294162">10.1080/09662839.2017.1294162</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:157635419">157635419</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl1.cuni.cz/pluginfile.php/773054/mod_resource/content/0/hellman2017.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Charles_University" title="Charles University">Charles University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Security&rft.atitle=How+can+European+states+respond+to+Russian+information+warfare%3F+An+analytical+framework&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=153-170&rft.date=2017-04-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09662839.2017.1294162&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A157635419%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hellman&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Wagnsson%2C+Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl1.cuni.cz%2Fpluginfile.php%2F773054%2Fmod_resource%2Fcontent%2F0%2Fhellman2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Digital_War_2021-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Digital_War_2021_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Digital_War_2021_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Rawi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Al-Rawi, Ahmed (12 February 2021). "How did Russian and Iranian trolls' disinformation toward Canadian issues diverge and converge?". Digital War. 2 (1–3). <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>: 21–34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fs42984-020-00029-4">10.1057/s42984-020-00029-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2662-1983">2662-1983</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:258704949">258704949</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digital+War&rft.atitle=How+did+Russian+and+Iranian+trolls%27+disinformation+toward+Canadian+issues+diverge+and+converge%3F&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.pages=21-34&rft.date=2021-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A258704949%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2662-1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fs42984-020-00029-4&rft.aulast=Al-Rawi&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenton2019" class="citation journal cs1">Denton, Allison (16 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bu.edu/ilj/files/2020/04/Denton.pdf">"Fake News: The Legality of the Russian 2016 Facebook Influence Campaign"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Boston_University_International_Law_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston University International Law Journal">Boston University International Law Journal</a>. 37. <a href="/wiki/Boston_University_School_of_Law" title="Boston University School of Law">Boston University School of Law</a>: 209. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226015903/https://www.bu.edu/ilj/files/2020/04/Denton.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022. <q>Additionally, the U.S. is not the only country that has been targeted by Russian influence campaigns. Russia has been accused of conducting another influence campaign prior to the 2017 French election between Marine Le Pen (Russia's pick) and Emmanuel Macron. Before the election, Kremlin-controlled news sources Russia Today (RT) and Sputnik reported that Macron was secretly gay, and that he was backed by a "very rich gay lobby."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+University+International+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Fake+News%3A+The+Legality+of+the+Russian+2016+Facebook+Influence+Campaign&rft.volume=37&rft.pages=209&rft.date=2019-04-16&rft.aulast=Denton&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Filj%2Ffiles%2F2020%2F04%2FDenton.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HKS_2020-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HKS_2020_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HKS_2020_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HKS_2020_14-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNassettaGross2020" class="citation journal cs1">Nassetta, Jack; Gross, Kimberly (30 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/article/state-media-warning-labels-can-counteract-the-effects-of-foreign-misinformation/">"State media warning labels can counteract the effects of foreign misinformation"</a>. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.37016%2Fmr-2020-45">10.37016/mr-2020-45</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301041724/https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/article/state-media-warning-labels-can-counteract-the-effects-of-foreign-misinformation/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021. <q>However, when it comes to disinformation from state-controlled media sources platforms' options are more limited. Most often channels like Russia's RT and Iran's PressTV do not technically violate a platform's terms of service and so cannot be removed. However, they still play a vital role in the disinformation ecosystem. Not only do they put out disinformation through their websites and social media channels, they are key nodes in coordinated campaigns, as well. For instance, the content originally posted on RT will be reposted down a chain of websites until it appears to be an organic article on an American outlet (Nimmo, 2017).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Kennedy+School+Misinformation+Review&rft.atitle=State+media+warning+labels+can+counteract+the+effects+of+foreign+misinformation&rft.date=2020-10-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.37016%2Fmr-2020-45&rft.aulast=Nassetta&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Gross%2C+Kimberly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmisinforeview.hks.harvard.edu%2Farticle%2Fstate-media-warning-labels-can-counteract-the-effects-of-foreign-misinformation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaxFisher-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaxFisher_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaxFisher_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2013" class="citation news cs1">Fisher, Max (13 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/06/13/in-case-you-werent-clear-on-russia-todays-relationship-to-moscow-putin-clears-it-up/">"In case you weren't clear on Russia Today's relationship to Moscow, Putin clears it up"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612145257/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/06/13/in-case-you-werent-clear-on-russia-todays-relationship-to-moscow-putin-clears-it-up/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=In+case+you+weren%27t+clear+on+Russia+Today%27s+relationship+to+Moscow%2C+Putin+clears+it+up&rft.date=2013-06-13&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2013%2F06%2F13%2Fin-case-you-werent-clear-on-russia-todays-relationship-to-moscow-putin-clears-it-up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nimmo-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nimmo_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimmo_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimmo_16-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNimmo2018" class="citation news cs1">Nimmo, Ben (8 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/dfrlab/question-that-rts-military-mission-4c4bd9f72c88">"Question That: RT's Military Mission"</a>. Atlantic Council-Digital Forensic Research Lab. <a href="/wiki/Medium.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Medium.com">medium.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200920222956/https://medium.com/dfrlab/question-that-rts-military-mission-4c4bd9f72c88">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2020. 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Retrieved 24 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+of+the+official+site+of+the+2008%E2%80%932012+Prime+Minister+of+the+Russian+Federation+Vladimir+Putin&rft.pub=Government+of+Russia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.premier.gov.ru%2Feng%2Fevents%2Fmessages%2F2883%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081227071316/http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/mainnews/33281de212bf49fdbf39d611cadbae95.doc"><bdi lang="ru">Перечень системообразующих организаций, утвержденный Правительственной комиссией по повышению устойчивости развития российской экономики</bdi></a> [List of systemically important institutions approved by the Government Commission on Sustainable Development of the Russian Economy] (in Russian). government.ru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/mainnews/33281de212bf49fdbf39d611cadbae95.doc">the original</a> (DOC) on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.pub=government.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.ru%2Fcontent%2Fgovernmentactivity%2Fmainnews%2F33281de212bf49fdbf39d611cadbae95.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131220071141/http://top.rbc.ru/economics/25/12/2008/271243.shtml"><bdi lang="ru">Правительство РФ приняло перечень системообразующих организаций</bdi></a> [The Russian government has adopted a list of backbone organizations]. <a href="/wiki/RBK_Group" title="RBK Group">RBK Group</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://top.rbc.ru/economics/25/12/2008/271243.shtml">the original</a> on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RBK+Group&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%A4+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftop.rbc.ru%2Feconomics%2F25%2F12%2F2008%2F271243.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vonTwickel-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vonTwickel_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vonTwickel_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vonTwickel_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vonTwickel_21-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vonTwickel_21-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Twickel2010" class="citation web cs1">von Twickel, Nikolaus (23 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbth.com/articles/2010/03/23/230310_rt.html">"Russia Today courts viewers with controversy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Russia_Beyond" title="Russia Beyond">Russia Beyond</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta" title="Rossiyskaya Gazeta">Rossiyskaya Gazeta</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220421180512/https://www.rbth.com/articles/2010/03/23/230310_rt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Russia+Beyond&rft.atitle=Russia+Today+courts+viewers+with+controversy&rft.date=2010-03-23&rft.aulast=von+Twickel&rft.aufirst=Nikolaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbth.com%2Farticles%2F2010%2F03%2F23%2F230310_rt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Darcy-2022-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Darcy-2022_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darcy-2022_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarcy2022" class="citation news cs1">Darcy, Oliver (4 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/03/media/rt-america-layoffs/index.html">"RT America ceases productions and lays off most of its staff"</a>. CNN Business. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307181801/https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/03/media/rt-america-layoffs/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+Business&rft.atitle=RT+America+ceases+productions+and+lays+off+most+of+its+staff&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft.aulast=Darcy&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F03%2F03%2Fmedia%2Frt-america-layoffs%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSloss2022" class="citation book cs1">Sloss, David L. (12 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2MlcEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT76">Tyrants on Twitter: Protecting Democracies from Information Warfare</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5036-3115-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5036-3115-1"><bdi>978-1-5036-3115-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153431/https://books.google.com/books?id=2MlcEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT76#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. <q>Ruptly, a subsidiary of RT that specializes in video, has 230,000 likes on Facebook, 52,000 Twitter followers, and 304,000 YouTube subscribers in the UK.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tyrants+on+Twitter%3A+Protecting+Democracies+from+Information+Warfare&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2022-04-12&rft.isbn=978-1-5036-3115-1&rft.aulast=Sloss&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2MlcEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChobanyan2020" class="citation journal cs1">Chobanyan, Karina (2020). Vartanova, Elena; Gladkova, Anna (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldofmedia.ru/volumes/2020/2020_Issue_3/World%20of%20Media_3-2020%20(1).pdf">"Up for a challenge? Digital practices of 24-hour news channels"</a> (PDF). World of Media (3). <a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State University</a>: 50. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2686-8016">2686-8016</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303185740/http://worldofmedia.ru/volumes/2020/2020_Issue_3/World%20of%20Media_3-2020%20(1).pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022. <q>RT, which owns Ruptly news agency, likes to post its raw footage of world events.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+of+Media&rft.atitle=Up+for+a+challenge%3F+Digital+practices+of+24-hour+news+channels&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=50&rft.date=2020&rft.issn=2686-8016&rft.aulast=Chobanyan&rft.aufirst=Karina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldofmedia.ru%2Fvolumes%2F2020%2F2020_Issue_3%2FWorld%2520of%2520Media_3-2020%2520%281%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2018" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Howard (May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/tech-tock">"Tech Tock...: Time is Running Out to Find Solutions to Mis- and Disinformation and Privacy Problems"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Belfer_Center_for_Science_and_International_Affairs" title="Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs">Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a>. pp. 17–18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303184258/https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/tech-tock">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022. <q>Ruptly is a news agency created by Russian funded news channel RT in 2013 to rival Reuters and AP. [...] Finally, it is very transparent about following the same agenda as RT: "Ruptly builds on and extends the core strengths and values of our parent company RT."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Belfer+Center+for+Science+and+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Tech+Tock...%3A+Time+is+Running+Out+to+Find+Solutions+to+Mis-+and+Disinformation+and+Privacy+Problems&rft.pages=17-18&rft.date=2018-05&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfercenter.org%2Fpublication%2Ftech-tock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spiegel_RT2-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Spiegel_RT2_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/russia-uses-state-television-to-sway-opinion-at-home-and-abroad-a-971971.html">"Russia Uses State Television to Sway Opinion at Home and Abroad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a>. 30 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191202063746/https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/russia-uses-state-television-to-sway-opinion-at-home-and-abroad-a-971971.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2021. <q>Moscow is looking beyond the short-term, seeking to influence opinion in the long-run to create "an alternative discourse in Western countries as well," says Margarita Simonyan, editor in chief of Kremlin foreign broadcaster RT, formerly known as Russia Today, which owns Ruptly.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Russia+Uses+State+Television+to+Sway+Opinion+at+Home+and+Abroad&rft.date=2014-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fworld%2Frussia-uses-state-television-to-sway-opinion-at-home-and-abroad-a-971971.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Interfax_RT2-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Interfax_RT2_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interfax.ru/world/720981">"В Минске задержаны двое стрингеров видеоагентства Ruptly"</a> [Two stringers of video agency Ruptly detained in Minsk]. <a href="/wiki/Interfax" title="Interfax">Interfax</a> (in Russian). 9 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422220701/https://www.interfax.ru/world/720981">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 22 March 2021. <q>Двух стрингеров видеоагентства Ruptly задержали в Минске, сообщил владелец сервиса, телеканал RT.</q> [Two stringers of the Ruptly video agency were detained in Minsk, the owner of the service, RT TV channel, said.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interfax&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+Ruptly&rft.date=2020-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfax.ru%2Fworld%2F720981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZara2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Zara" title="Christopher Zara">Zara, Christopher</a> (11 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90333590/what-is-ruptly-julian-assange-arrest-video-footage-raises-eyebrows-about-rt-owned-outlet">"What is Ruptly? Julian Assange arrest video footage raises eyebrows about RT-owned outlet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fast_Company" title="Fast Company">Fast Company</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210723132552/https://www.fastcompany.com/90333590/what-is-ruptly-julian-assange-arrest-video-footage-raises-eyebrows-about-rt-owned-outlet">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&rft.atitle=What+is+Ruptly%3F+Julian+Assange+arrest+video+footage+raises+eyebrows+about+RT-owned+outlet&rft.date=2019-04-11&rft.aulast=Zara&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F90333590%2Fwhat-is-ruptly-julian-assange-arrest-video-footage-raises-eyebrows-about-rt-owned-outlet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pg1104192-29"><a href="#cite_ref-pg1104192_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pressgazette.co.uk/rt-subsidiary-ruptly-beats-uk-media-to-exclusive-julian-assange-footage/">"RT's video agency Ruptly beats UK media to Julian Assange footage"</a>. Press Gazette. 11 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929052950/https://pressgazette.co.uk/rt-subsidiary-ruptly-beats-uk-media-to-exclusive-julian-assange-footage/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020. <q>The footage captured by Ruptly showed Assange for the first time in about a year, now sporting a long white beard. He could be heard shouting "the UK has no sovereignty" and "the UK must resist this attempt by the Trump administration..." as he was dragged out by five police officers and put into a van.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Gazette&rft.atitle=RT%27s+video+agency+Ruptly+beats+UK+media+to+Julian+Assange+footage&rft.date=2019-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpressgazette.co.uk%2Frt-subsidiary-ruptly-beats-uk-media-to-exclusive-julian-assange-footage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAro2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jessikka_Aro" title="Jessikka Aro">Aro, Jessikka</a> (6 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11820154">"Emilia Seikkanen Worked in a Trendy Video Start-Up in Berlin – Tells All about the Kremlin's Global Information Operation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302190732/https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11820154">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022. <q>The company left out the essential information in its job vacancy advertisements: Ruptly is the subsidiary of the Russian state-funded media company RT, formerly Russia Today. It's located in the same office as RT's German media branch, named RT Deutsch.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yle&rft.atitle=Emilia+Seikkanen+Worked+in+a+Trendy+Video+Start-Up+in+Berlin+%E2%80%93+Tells+All+about+the+Kremlin%27s+Global+Information+Operation&rft.date=2021-03-06&rft.aulast=Aro&rft.aufirst=Jessikka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fuutiset%2F3-11820154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisNakashima2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shane_Harris" title="Shane Harris">Harris, Shane</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Nakashima" title="Ellen Nakashima">Nakashima, Ellen</a> (21 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/with-a-mix-of-covert-disinformation-and-blatant-propaganda-foreign-adversaries-bear-down-on-final-phase-of-presidential-campaign/2020/08/20/57997b7a-dbf1-11ea-8051-d5f887d73381_story.html">"With a mix of covert disinformation and blatant propaganda, foreign adversaries bear down on final phase of presidential campaign"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127123117/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/with-a-mix-of-covert-disinformation-and-blatant-propaganda-foreign-adversaries-bear-down-on-final-phase-of-presidential-campaign/2020/08/20/57997b7a-dbf1-11ea-8051-d5f887d73381_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=With+a+mix+of+covert+disinformation+and+blatant+propaganda%2C+foreign+adversaries+bear+down+on+final+phase+of+presidential+campaign&rft.date=2020-08-21&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft.au=Nakashima%2C+Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2Fwith-a-mix-of-covert-disinformation-and-blatant-propaganda-foreign-adversaries-bear-down-on-final-phase-of-presidential-campaign%2F2020%2F08%2F20%2F57997b7a-dbf1-11ea-8051-d5f887d73381_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirnbaum2019" class="citation web cs1">Birnbaum, Emily (25 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/technology/431497-facebook-restores-previously-suspended-russia-linked-pages/">"Facebook restores previously suspended Russia-linked pages"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107230345/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/431497-facebook-restores-previously-suspended-russia-linked-pages">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Facebook+restores+previously+suspended+Russia-linked+pages&rft.date=2019-02-25&rft.aulast=Birnbaum&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Ftechnology%2F431497-facebook-restores-previously-suspended-russia-linked-pages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangdonTismaneanu2019" class="citation book cs1">Langdon, Kate C.; Tismaneanu, Vladimir (9 July 2019). "Russian Foreign Policy: Freedom for Whom, to Do What?". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FG-hDwAAQBAJ">Putin's Totalitarian Democracy: Ideology, Myth, and Violence in the Twenty-First Century</a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer International">Springer International</a>. pp. 189–224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-20579-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-20579-9"><bdi>978-3-030-20579-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153320/https://books.google.com/books?id=FG-hDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. <q>Soviet-born British journalist Peter Pomerantsev documented the typical newsroom antics in one of Russia's largest propaganda outlets, RT News (formerly known as Russia Today). When his acquaintance composed a piece that referenced the Soviet Union's occupation of Estonia in 1945, the writer was chewed out by his boss, who maintained the belief that Russians saved Estonia. Any other descriptions of the events of 1945 were unacceptable assaults on Russia's integrity, apparently, so the boss demanded that he amend his text.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Russian+Foreign+Policy%3A+Freedom+for+Whom%2C+to+Do+What%3F&rft.btitle=Putin%27s+Totalitarian+Democracy%3A+Ideology%2C+Myth%2C+and+Violence+in+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.pages=189-224&rft.pub=Springer+International&rft.date=2019-07-09&rft.isbn=978-3-030-20579-9&rft.aulast=Langdon&rft.aufirst=Kate+C.&rft.au=Tismaneanu%2C+Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFG-hDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReire2015" class="citation journal cs1">Reire, Gunda (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104213449/http://www.spcentrs.lv/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Reire-2015-Yearbook-IESW.pdf">"Euro-Atlantic values and Russia's propaganda in the Euro-Atlantic space"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocznik_Instytutu_Europy_%C5%9Arodkowo-Wschodniej_W_Lublinie" class="extiw" title="pl:Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej W Lublinie">Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej</a>. 13 (4). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spcentrs.lv/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Reire-2015-Yearbook-IESW.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via Center for International Studies. <q>Nowadays, Russia attacks the Western value of rationality and uses the argument of "the second opinion" or plurality of opinions. The phrase "the second opinion" has even become the slogan of RT. For instance, this propaganda channel used the public opinion's contention as to the nature of the Iraq war, to sell itself as an impartial, objective media outlet in the USA. Overall, Russian propaganda involves a clash of political systems, which is more dangerous than the old-school Soviet propaganda.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rocznik+Instytutu+Europy+%C5%9Arodkowo-Wschodniej&rft.atitle=Euro-Atlantic+values+and+Russia%27s+propaganda+in+the+Euro-Atlantic+space&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Reire&rft.aufirst=Gunda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spcentrs.lv%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F12%2FReire-2015-Yearbook-IESW.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Network_Propaganda-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Network_Propaganda_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenklerFarisRoberts2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yochai_Benkler" title="Yochai Benkler">Benkler, Yochai</a>; Faris, Rob; Roberts, Hal (October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001/oso-9780190923624-chapter-1">"Epistemic Crisis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001/oso-9780190923624">Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation and Radicalization in American Politics</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 358. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780190923624.001.0001">10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-092362-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-092362-4"><bdi>978-0-19-092362-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1045162158">1045162158</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126010551/https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001/oso-9780190923624">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021. <q>The emphasis on disorientation appears in the literature on modern Russian propaganda, both in inward-focused applications and in its international propaganda outlets, Sputnik and RT (formerly, Russia Today). Here, the purpose is not to convince the audience of any particular truth but instead to make it impossible for people in the society subject to the propagandist's intervention to tell truth from non-truth.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Epistemic+Crisis&rft.btitle=Network+Propaganda%3A+Manipulation%2C+Disinformation+and+Radicalization+in+American+Politics&rft.pages=358&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018-10&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1045162158&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780190923624.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-092362-4&rft.aulast=Benkler&rft.aufirst=Yochai&rft.au=Faris%2C+Rob&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Hal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxford.universitypressscholarship.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780190923624.001.0001%2Foso-9780190923624-chapter-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarlsen2016" class="citation book cs1">Karlsen, Geir Hågen (5 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-32530-9_9">"Tools of Russian Influence: Information and Propaganda"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Janne_Haaland_Matl%C3%A1ry" title="Janne Haaland Matláry">Matláry, Janne Haaland</a>; Heier, Tormod (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BNHMDAAAQBAJ">Ukraine and Beyond</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-32530-9_9">10.1007/978-3-319-32530-9_9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-32530-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-32530-9"><bdi>978-3-319-32530-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407114835/https://books.google.com/books?id=BNHMDAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. <q>The propaganda apparatus proper consists of four means: media, social media, political communication and diplomacy, and covert active measures, all tied together in a coordinated manner. The main international media channel is the RT broadcaster and website, formerly known as Russia Today. It is complemented by Sputnik radio and website, news and video agencies, and the Russia Beyond the Headlines news supplement, making up a news conglomerate operating in almost 40 languages.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tools+of+Russian+Influence%3A+Information+and+Propaganda&rft.btitle=Ukraine+and+Beyond&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2016-08-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-32530-9_9&rft.isbn=978-3-319-32530-9&rft.aulast=Karlsen&rft.aufirst=Geir+H%C3%A5gen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-32530-9_9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIžak2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ižak, Štefan (January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jofcp.org/assets/jcp/JCP-January-2019.pdf">"(Ab)using the topic of migration by pro-Kremlin propaganda: Case study of Slovakia"</a> (PDF). Journal of Comparative Politics. 12 (1). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Economics_in_Bratislava" title="University of Economics in Bratislava">University of Economics in Bratislava</a> / <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ljubljana" title="University of Ljubljana">University of Ljubljana</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater_Europaea" title="Alma Mater Europaea">Alma Mater Europaea</a>: 58. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1338-1385">1338-1385</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301184238/http://www.jofcp.org/assets/jcp/JCP-January-2019.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022. <q>Almost all important media in Russia are state controlled and used to feed Russian audience with Kremlin propaganda. For international propaganda Kremlin uses agencies like RT and Sputnik. Both are available in many language variations and in many countries (Hansen 2017). Aim of this propaganda is to exploit weak spots and controversial topics (in our case migration to the EU) and use them to harm integrity of the West (Pomerantsev and Weiss 2014).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Comparative+Politics&rft.atitle=%28Ab%29using+the+topic+of+migration+by+pro-Kremlin+propaganda%3A+Case+study+of+Slovakia&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=58&rft.date=2019-01&rft.issn=1338-1385&rft.aulast=I%C5%BEak&rft.aufirst=%C5%A0tefan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jofcp.org%2Fassets%2Fjcp%2FJCP-January-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOatesSteiner2018" class="citation book cs1">Oates, Sarah; Steiner, Sean (17 December 2018). "Projecting Power: Understanding Russian Strategic Narrative". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/RAD229.pdf">Russia's Public Foreign Policy Narratives</a> (PDF). Russian Analytical Digest. Vol. 17. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bremen" title="University of Bremen">University of Bremen</a>: <a href="/wiki/Research_Centre_for_East_European_Studies" title="Research Centre for East European Studies">Research Centre for East European Studies</a>. pp. 2–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3929%2Fethz-b-000311091">10.3929/ethz-b-000311091</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001161723/https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/RAD229.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a>. <q>The analysis of Russian strategic narrative allows us to understand more clearly the logic in Russian propaganda found on English-language outlets such as RT and more effectively deter Russian information aggression.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Projecting+Power%3A+Understanding+Russian+Strategic+Narrative&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Public+Foreign+Policy+Narratives&rft.place=University+of+Bremen&rft.series=Russian+Analytical+Digest&rft.pages=2-5&rft.pub=Research+Centre+for+East+European+Studies&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3929%2Fethz-b-000311091&rft.aulast=Oates&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Steiner%2C+Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcss.ethz.ch%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fethz%2Fspecial-interest%2Fgess%2Fcis%2Fcenter-for-securities-studies%2Fpdfs%2FRAD229.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Orttung-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Orttung_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orttung_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orttung_39-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orttung_39-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orttung_39-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrttungNelsonLivshen2015" class="citation book cs1">Orttung, Robert; Nelson, Elizabeth; Livshen, Anthony (8 December 2015). "Measuring RT's impact on YouTube". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/RussianAnalyticalDigest177.pdf">Information Warfare</a> (PDF). Russian Analytical Digest. Vol. 177. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bremen" title="University of Bremen">University of Bremen</a>: <a href="/wiki/Research_Centre_for_East_European_Studies" title="Research Centre for East European Studies">Research Centre for East European Studies</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409122210/https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/RussianAnalyticalDigest177.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Measuring+RT%27s+impact+on+YouTube&rft.btitle=Information+Warfare&rft.place=University+of+Bremen&rft.series=Russian+Analytical+Digest&rft.pub=Research+Centre+for+East+European+Studies&rft.date=2015-12-08&rft.aulast=Orttung&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Livshen%2C+Anthony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.css.ethz.ch%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fethz%2Fspecial-interest%2Fgess%2Fcis%2Fcenter-for-securities-studies%2Fpdfs%2FRussianAnalyticalDigest177.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAjirVailliant2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ajir, Media; Vailliant, Bethany (Fall 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26481910">"Russian Information Warfare: Implications for Deterrence Theory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Studies_Quarterly" title="Strategic Studies Quarterly">Strategic Studies Quarterly</a>. 12 (3): 70–89. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1936-1815">1936-1815</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26481910">26481910</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210209193856/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26481910">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021. <q>The real-world repercussions of these objectives are identified through several forms of attack. The first is through disseminating official Russian state propaganda abroad via foreign language news channels as well as Western media. Most notable is the creation of the very successful government-financed international TV news channel, Russia Today (RT).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Strategic+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Russian+Information+Warfare%3A+Implications+for+Deterrence+Theory&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=70-89&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26481910%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1936-1815&rft.aulast=Ajir&rft.aufirst=Media&rft.au=Vailliant%2C+Bethany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26481910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBicknell2005" class="citation web cs1">Bicknell, Bob (11 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-news-english-accent-11-12-2005/">"Russian News, English Accent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530041616/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-news-english-accent-11-12-2005/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Russian+News%2C+English+Accent&rft.date=2005-12-11&rft.aulast=Bicknell&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Frussian-news-english-accent-11-12-2005%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ioffe-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ioffe_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ioffe_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ioffe_42-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ioffe_42-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ioffe_42-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ioffe_42-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ioffe_42-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ioffe_42-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ioffe_42-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulia_Ioffe2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ioffe_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julia Ioffe (journalist)">Julia Ioffe</a> (September–October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cjr.org/feature/what_is_russia_today.php">"What Is Russia Today?"</a>. Columbia Journalism Review. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170125213220/http://www.cjr.org/feature/what_is_russia_today.php">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Columbia+Journalism+Review&rft.atitle=What+Is+Russia+Today%3F&rft.date=2010-09%2F2010-10&rft.au=Julia+Ioffe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cjr.org%2Ffeature%2Fwhat_is_russia_today.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SpiegelBidder-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SpiegelBidder_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SpiegelBidder_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SpiegelBidder_43-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin_Bidder2013" class="citation news cs1">Benjamin Bidder (13 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/putin-fights-war-of-images-and-propaganda-with-russia-today-channel-a-916162.html">"Putin's Weapon in the War of Images"</a>. Der Spiegel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222001148/http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/putin-fights-war-of-images-and-propaganda-with-russia-today-channel-a-916162.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Weapon+in+the+War+of+Images&rft.date=2013-08-13&rft.au=Benjamin+Bidder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fbusiness%2Fputin-fights-war-of-images-and-propaganda-with-russia-today-channel-a-916162.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian_Harding_RT-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_Harding_RT_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_Harding_RT_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_Harding_RT_44-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarding2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Luke_Harding" title="Luke Harding">Harding, Luke</a> (18 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/18/russia-today-propaganda-ad-blitz">"Russia Today launches first UK ad blitz"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Moscow. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714162042/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/18/russia-today-propaganda-ad-blitz">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Russia+Today+launches+first+UK+ad+blitz&rft.date=2009-12-18&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Fdec%2F18%2Frussia-today-propaganda-ad-blitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kramer-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kramer_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kramer_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramer2010" class="citation news cs1">Kramer, Andrew E (22 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/23/business/media/23russiatoday.html?_r=3&pagewanted=all&">"Russian Cable Station Plays to U.S."</a> The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190301062934/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/23/business/media/23russiatoday.html?_r=3&pagewanted=all&">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Russian+Cable+Station+Plays+to+U.S.&rft.date=2010-08-22&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Andrew+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F08%2F23%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2F23russiatoday.html%3F_r%3D3%26pagewanted%3Dall%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ukraineback-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Ukraineback_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26546083">"Ukraine hits back at Russian TV onslaught"</a>. BBC. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529201642/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26546083">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine+hits+back+at+Russian+TV+onslaught&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-26546083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacFarquhar-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacFarquhar_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacFarquhar_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacFarquhar2016" class="citation news cs1">MacFarquhar, Neil (28 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobile.nytimes.com/2016/08/29/world/europe/russia-sweden-disinformation.html">"A Powerful Russian Weapon: The Spread of False Stories"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180618150336/https://mobile.nytimes.com/2016/08/29/world/europe/russia-sweden-disinformation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Powerful+Russian+Weapon%3A+The+Spread+of+False+Stories&rft.date=2016-08-28&rft.aulast=MacFarquhar&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F08%2F29%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-sweden-disinformation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oremus-2017-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oremus-2017_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oremus-2017_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oremus-2017_48-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOremus2017" class="citation web cs1">Oremus, Will (16 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2017/03/russia-today-launches-fake-news-debunker-fakecheck.html">"Irony Dies Again as Russia Today Launches Fake-News Debunker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211217231721/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2017/03/russia-today-launches-fake-news-debunker-fakecheck.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Irony+Dies+Again+as+Russia+Today+Launches+Fake-News+Debunker&rft.date=2017-03-16&rft.aulast=Oremus&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2017%2F03%2Frussia-today-launches-fake-news-debunker-fakecheck.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolovchenko2020" class="citation journal cs1">Golovchenko, Yevgeniy (11 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fs41599-020-00659-9">"Measuring the scope of pro-Kremlin disinformation on Twitter"</a>. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 7 (1): 1–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fs41599-020-00659-9">10.1057/s41599-020-00659-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2662-9992">2662-9992</a>. <q>The impact of Russian state-controlled news outlets—which are frequent sources of pro-Kremlin disinformation—is concentrated in one, highly popular news outlet, RT. [...] When it comes to overt reach, the Russian government openly funds English-speaking outlets, such as Sputnik News and RT. These outlets serve as a frequent source of pro-Kremlin disinformation both according to scholars, fact-checkers and Western authorities (BBC, 2019; Elliot, 2019; Thornton, 2015).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humanities+and+Social+Sciences+Communications&rft.atitle=Measuring+the+scope+of+pro-Kremlin+disinformation+on+Twitter&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-11&rft.date=2020-12-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fs41599-020-00659-9&rft.issn=2662-9992&rft.aulast=Golovchenko&rft.aufirst=Yevgeniy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1057%252Fs41599-020-00659-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2016" class="citation journal cs1">Walker, Christopher (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/January-2016-JOD-Hijacking-of-Soft-Power-Christopher-Walker.pdf">"The Hijacking of "Soft Power""</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Democracy" title="Journal of Democracy">Journal of Democracy</a>. 27 (1). <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>: 49–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjod.2016.0007">10.1353/jod.2016.0007</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31802016">31802016</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153329/https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/January-2016-JOD-Hijacking-of-Soft-Power-Christopher-Walker.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_Democracy" title="National Endowment for Democracy">National Endowment for Democracy</a>. <q>State or state-friendly media in Russia – Life News, NTV, Channel One Russia, and Russia 24—disseminate not just the Kremlin's narratives but also outright fakery to domestic audiences and those in the Russian-speaking space. These outlets spread the same stories via social media as well. RT, meanwhile, pushes this manipulated content out to international audiences.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Democracy&rft.atitle=The+Hijacking+of+%22Soft+Power%22&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-63&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjod.2016.0007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A31802016%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ned.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F01%2FJanuary-2016-JOD-Hijacking-of-Soft-Power-Christopher-Walker.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcherCorniaGravesNielsen2018" class="citation journal cs1">Fletcher, Richard; Cornia, Alessio; <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Graves" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucas Graves">Graves, Lucas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rasmus_Kleis_Nielsen" title="Rasmus Kleis Nielsen">Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis</a> (1 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediterraneocronaca.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Measuring-the-reach-of-fake-news-and-online-distribution-in-Europe-CORRECT-FLAG.pdf">"Measuring the reach of "fake news" and online disinformation in Europe"</a> (PDF). Australasian Policing. 10 (2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225233853/https://www.mediterraneocronaca.it/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Measuring-the-reach-of-fake-news-and-online-distribution-in-Europe-CORRECT-FLAG.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022 – via Mediterraneo Cronaca. <q>For comparative purposes, we also included two prominent Russian news sites which have featured in European policy discussions around disinformation, namely Russia Today (RT) and Sputnik. These Russian state-backed organisations are clearly different from sites that engage in for-profit fabrication of false news, but both independent fact-checkers and the EU's European External Action Service East Stratcom Task Force have identified multiple instances where these sites have published disinformation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Policing&rft.atitle=Measuring+the+reach+of+%22fake+news%22+and+online+disinformation+in+Europe&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Cornia%2C+Alessio&rft.au=Graves%2C+Lucas&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+Rasmus+Kleis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediterraneocronaca.it%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F02%2FMeasuring-the-reach-of-fake-news-and-online-distribution-in-Europe-CORRECT-FLAG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorgesGambarato2019" class="citation journal cs1">Borges, Priscila Monteiro; Gambarato, Renira Rampazzo (29 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/10304">"The Role of Beliefs and Behavior on Facebook: A Semiotic Approach to Algorithms, Fake News, and Transmedia Journalism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Communication" title="International Journal of Communication">International Journal of Communication</a>. 13. <a href="/wiki/USC_Annenberg_Press" title="USC Annenberg Press">USC Annenberg Press</a>: 603–618. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-8036">1932-8036</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312003224/https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/10304">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2022. <q>Notorious examples of fake news masquerading as news can be found in reports broadcast on the U.S. cable news channel Fox News (Schram & Fording, 2018) and the Russian international television network RT (Russia Today; Dowling, 2017). Thus, there are also a number of fake news reports published by traditional media outlets (White, 2017), generating a consequent increase in distrust for traditional journalism (Siddique, 2018).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Communication&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Beliefs+and+Behavior+on+Facebook%3A+A+Semiotic+Approach+to+Algorithms%2C+Fake+News%2C+and+Transmedia+Journalism&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=603-618&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft.issn=1932-8036&rft.aulast=Borges&rft.aufirst=Priscila+Monteiro&rft.au=Gambarato%2C+Renira+Rampazzo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fijoc.org%2Findex.php%2Fijoc%2Farticle%2Fview%2F10304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoGiurato2014" class="citation web cs1">LoGiurato, Brett (30 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/state-department-responds-rt-russia-today-john-kerry-2014-4">"Russia's Propaganda Channel Just Got A Journalism Lesson From The US State Department"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190704084800/https://www.businessinsider.com/state-department-responds-rt-russia-today-john-kerry-2014-4">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Propaganda+Channel+Just+Got+A+Journalism+Lesson+From+The+US+State+Department&rft.date=2014-04-30&rft.aulast=LoGiurato&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fstate-department-responds-rt-russia-today-john-kerry-2014-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Crowley, Michael (1 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/84843/vladimir-putin-russia-propaganda/">"Tit-for-Tat: Putin's Maddening Propaganda Trick"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119044428/http://time.com/84843/vladimir-putin-russia-propaganda/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Tit-for-Tat%3A+Putin%27s+Maddening+Propaganda+Trick&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F84843%2Fvladimir-putin-russia-propaganda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sarafirth-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sarafirth_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sarafirth_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sarafirth_55-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlunkett2014" class="citation news cs1">Plunkett, John (18 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/jul/18/mh17-russia-today-reporter-resigns-sara-firth-kremlin-malaysia">"Russia Today reporter resigns in protest at MH17 coverage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 11 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Russia+Today+reporter+resigns+in+protest+at+MH17+coverage&rft.date=2014-07-18&rft.aulast=Plunkett&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2014%2Fjul%2F18%2Fmh17-russia-today-reporter-resigns-sara-firth-kremlin-malaysia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reliable_Sources-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reliable_Sources_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reliable_Sources_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_Stelter2014" class="citation news cs1">Brian Stelter (24 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/videos/bestoftv/2014/03/23/rs-putin-tv-in-chaos.cnn">"Putin TV in Chaos"</a>. CNN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin+TV+in+Chaos&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft.au=Brian+Stelter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Fbestoftv%2F2014%2F03%2F23%2Frs-putin-tv-in-chaos.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-disinformation-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-disinformation_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-disinformation_57-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_note-Journalism_Studies-9">[9]</a>: <span title="Page: 2077
Quotation: "Many of these fake news stories specifically involved misleadingly edited or contextualized quotes, which were highlighted in 26 percent of the StopFake reports. For example, Russia Today broadcast what it claimed was an interview with the Chief Rabbi of a Kiev synagogue, calling on his followers to emigrate because of rising anti-Semitic violence. StopFake found that the interviewee was the Chief Rabbi of Simferopol, Crimea, describing conditions under Russian occupation. This was also an example of the specific practice of wrongly identifying individuals featured in news stories, which were documented to identify news stories as fake in 15 percent of StopFake reports."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">2077 <a href="#cite_note-International_Affairs_2021-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-European_Security_2017-11">[11]</a>: <span title="Page: 4
Quotation: "Applebaum and Lucas (2015) see troll factories as one of two corner stones of Russian disinformation, the other being RT."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">4 <a href="#cite_note-Digital_War_2021-12">[12]</a>: <span title="Page: 11
Quotation: "The primary theme on which the Russian and Iranian trolls converge is the war in Syria, owing to Russia and Iran's military involvement and strategic interests in the Middle East. In this regard, both sets of trolls heavily relied on RT news (Russia Today) in sourcing disinformation."" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">11 <a href="#cite_note-HKS_2020-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-MacFarquhar-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-sarafirth-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reliable_Sources-56">[56]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-economist-wobbly-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-economist-wobbly_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-economist-wobbly_58-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-economist-wobbly_58-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2010/07/russia_today_goes_mad">"Airwaves wobbly"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 6 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170613004512/http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2010/07/russia_today_goes_mad">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Airwaves+wobbly&rft.date=2010-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Feasternapproaches%2F2010%2F07%2Frussia_today_goes_mad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yablokov_2015-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yablokov_2015_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yablokov_2015_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYablokov2015" class="citation journal cs1">Yablokov, Ilya (November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucg.ac.me/skladiste/blog_10134/objava_20166/fajlovi/Russia%20Today.pdf">"Conspiracy Theories as a Russian Public Diplomacy Tool: The Case of Russia Today (RT)"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Politics_(academic_journal)" title="Politics (academic journal)">Politics</a>. 35 (3–4). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">SAGE</a>: 301–315. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9256.12097">10.1111/1467-9256.12097</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142728966">142728966</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210412041633/https://www.ucg.ac.me/skladiste/blog_10134/objava_20166/fajlovi/Russia%20Today.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/University_of_Montenegro" title="University of Montenegro">University of Montenegro</a>. <q>Among the conspiratorial ideas that feature in RT's broadcasts, two types are of particular interest: the first includes genuinely American conspiracy theories; and the second includes ideas of conspiracy in relations between the US and Russia. The analysis of these two types of conspiracy theories offers an opportunity to explore how they are employed to undermine US domestic and foreign policies.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politics&rft.atitle=Conspiracy+Theories+as+a+Russian+Public+Diplomacy+Tool%3A+The+Case+of+Russia+Today+%28RT%29&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=301-315&rft.date=2015-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1467-9256.12097&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142728966%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Yablokov&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucg.ac.me%2Fskladiste%2Fblog_10134%2Fobjava_20166%2Ffajlovi%2FRussia%2520Today.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElswahHoward2020" class="citation journal cs1">Elswah, Mona; <a href="/wiki/Philip_N._Howard" title="Philip N. Howard">Howard, Philip N</a> (1 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:140663c1-7856-4f9b-9e19-cde93be7e340/files/rf7623c77x">""Anything that Causes Chaos": The Organizational Behavior of Russia Today (RT)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Communication" title="Journal of Communication">Journal of Communication</a>. 70 (5). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 623–645. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjoc%2Fjqaa027">10.1093/joc/jqaa027</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240316012616/https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:140663c1-7856-4f9b-9e19-cde93be7e340/files/rf7623c77x">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2021. <q>Across our interviews, our respondents agreed that the goals of the channel since 2008 have been and still are as follows. First, to push the idea that Western countries have as many problems as Russia. Second, to encourage conspiracy theories about media institutions in the West in order to discredit and delegitimize them. This is clearly adherent to the channel's "Questions More" slogan. Third, to create controversy and to make people criticize the channel, because it suggests that the channel is important, an approach that would particularly help RT managers get more funding from the government.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Communication&rft.atitle=%22Anything+that+Causes+Chaos%22%3A+The+Organizational+Behavior+of+Russia+Today+%28RT%29&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=623-645&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjoc%2Fjqaa027&rft.aulast=Elswah&rft.aufirst=Mona&rft.au=Howard%2C+Philip+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fora.ox.ac.uk%2Fobjects%2Fuuid%3A140663c1-7856-4f9b-9e19-cde93be7e340%2Ffiles%2Frf7623c77x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Byford_2011-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Byford_2011_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Byford_2011_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByford2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jovan_Byford" title="Jovan Byford">Byford, Jovan</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230349216_1">"Introduction"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e0ilsF4VcTQC">Conspiracy Theories: A Critical Introduction</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Palgrave Macmillan UK">Palgrave Macmillan UK</a>. pp. 9–10. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230349216">10.1057/9780230349216</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-32350-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-32350-0"><bdi>978-1-349-32350-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009063147/https://books.google.com/books?id=e0ilsF4VcTQC">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. <q>The channel has provided the likes of Alex Jones, Webster Tarpley, David Ray Griffin and Jim Marrs with the opportunity to promote, to an international audience, their ideas about the New World Order, 9/11, the Bilderberg group or the climate change conspiracy, all while being treated with absolute deference by the channel's journalists. Embedded video clips of appearances on Russia Today have become a regular feature on the websites of American conspiracy theorists, where they are brandished as a sign of credibility and mainstream recognition.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Conspiracy+Theories%3A+A+Critical+Introduction&rft.pages=9-10&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780230349216&rft.isbn=978-1-349-32350-0&rft.aulast=Byford&rft.aufirst=Jovan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fchapter%2F10.1057%2F9780230349216_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dukalskis-dictatorship-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dukalskis-dictatorship_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dukalskis-dictatorship_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDukalskis2021" class="citation book cs1">Dukalskis, Alexander (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kxs4zgEACAAJ">Making the World Safe for Dictatorship</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-752014-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-752014-7"><bdi>978-0-19-752014-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153331/https://books.google.com/books?id=kxs4zgEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+the+World+Safe+for+Dictatorship&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-19-752014-7&rft.aulast=Dukalskis&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkxs4zgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2014" class="citation web cs1">Gray, Rosie (13 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/rosiegray/how-the-truth-is-made-at-russia-today">"How The Truth Is Made At Russia Today"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed_News" title="BuzzFeed News">BuzzFeed News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180222125441/https://www.buzzfeed.com/rosiegray/how-the-truth-is-made-at-russia-today">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed+News&rft.atitle=How+The+Truth+Is+Made+At+Russia+Today&rft.date=2014-03-13&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Rosie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeednews.com%2Farticle%2Frosiegray%2Fhow-the-truth-is-made-at-russia-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-conspiracy_theories-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conspiracy_theories_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-conspiracy_theories_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_note-economist-wobbly-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oremus-2017-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yablokov_2015-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Byford_2011-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dukalskis-dictatorship-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Turvill2012" class="citation news cs1">William Turvill (15 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/ofcom-rules-against-russia-today-over-syria-conflict-report">"Ofcom rules against Russia Today over Syria conflict report"</a>. Press Gazette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530042434/https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/ofcom-rules-against-russia-today-over-syria-conflict-report">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Press+Gazette&rft.atitle=Ofcom+rules+against+Russia+Today+over+Syria+conflict+report&rft.date=2012-11-15&rft.au=William+Turvill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressgazette.co.uk%2Fofcom-rules-against-russia-today-over-syria-conflict-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-21Sept-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC-21Sept_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC-21Sept_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC-21Sept_66-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-34316047">"UK regulator Ofcom backs BBC in Russian TV case"</a>. BBC News. 21 September 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=UK+regulator+Ofcom+backs+BBC+in+Russian+TV+case&rft.date=2015-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-34316047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuardianOfcom-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GuardianOfcom_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GuardianOfcom_67-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Plunkett2014" class="citation news cs1">John Plunkett (10 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/nov/10/russia-today-ofcom-sanctions-impartiality-ukraine-coverage">"Russia Today threatened with Ofcom sanctions due to bias"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 23 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Russia+Today+threatened+with+Ofcom+sanctions+due+to+bias&rft.date=2014-11-10&rft.au=John+Plunkett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2014%2Fnov%2F10%2Frussia-today-ofcom-sanctions-impartiality-ukraine-coverage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlevtina_Kuzmenkova2016" class="citation news cs1">Alevtina Kuzmenkova (18 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tol.org/client/article/26401-british-bank-closes-russian-broadcaster-rt-accounts.html">"British Bank Closes Russian Broadcaster RT Accounts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Transitions_Online" title="Transitions Online">Transitions Online</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161020080937/http://www.tol.org/client/article/26401-rt-simonyan-natwest-galloway-zakharova.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2016. <q>OFCOM, the British broadcast regulator, has repeatedly singled out RT for its lack of impartiality</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=British+Bank+Closes+Russian+Broadcaster+RT+Accounts&rft.date=2016-10-18&rft.au=Alevtina+Kuzmenkova&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftol.org%2Fclient%2Farticle%2F26401-british-bank-closes-russian-broadcaster-rt-accounts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterson2018" class="citation web cs1">Waterson, Jim (16 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/jul/16/alex-salmond-rt-show-breached-ofcom-broadcasting-rules">"Alex Salmond's RT show breached Ofcom broadcasting rules"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116114646/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/jul/16/alex-salmond-rt-show-breached-ofcom-broadcasting-rules">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Alex+Salmond%27s+RT+show+breached+Ofcom+broadcasting+rules&rft.date=2018-07-16&rft.aulast=Waterson&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2018%2Fjul%2F16%2Falex-salmond-rt-show-breached-ofcom-broadcasting-rules&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pomerantsev_2015-70"><a href="#cite_ref-Pomerantsev_2015_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPomerantsev2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pomerantsev" title="Peter Pomerantsev">Pomerantsev, Peter</a> (4 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150105223740/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/01/putin-russia-tv-113960_Page3.html#.VKsSaZ37RPY">"Inside Putin's Information War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/01/putin-russia-tv-113960_Page3.html">the original</a> on 5 January 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Inside+Putin%27s+Information+War&rft.date=2015-01-04&rft.aulast=Pomerantsev&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2015%2F01%2Fputin-russia-tv-113960_Page3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-21Sept-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-GuardianOfcom-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pomerantsev_2015-70">[70]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-eu150118-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eu150118_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eu150118_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDefault2018" class="citation news cs1">Default (15 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euvsdisinfo.eu/chief-editor-rt-is-like-a-defence-ministry/">"Chief Editor: RT is Like "a Defence Ministry""</a>. <a href="/wiki/East_StratCom_Task_Force" title="East StratCom Task Force">East StratCom Task Force</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153322/https://euvsdisinfo.eu/chief-editor-rt-is-like-a-defence-ministry/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 25 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+StratCom+Task+Force&rft.atitle=Chief+Editor%3A+RT+is+Like+%22a+Defence+Ministry%22&rft.date=2018-01-15&rft.au=Default&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuvsdisinfo.eu%2Fchief-editor-rt-is-like-a-defence-ministry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kommersant070412-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kommersant070412_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kommersant070412_73-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1911336">""Нет никакой объективности""</a> [There is no objectivity]. <a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a> (in Russian). 7 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20171205164813/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1911336">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2021. <q>Сейчас ни с кем не воюем. А вот в 2008 году воевали. Министерство обороны воевало с Грузией, а информационную войну вели мы, причем со всем западным миром. Ну невозможно только начинать делать оружие, когда война уже началась! Поэтому Министерство обороны сейчас ни с кем не воюет, но готово к обороне. Так и мы.</q> [Currently we are not at war with anyone. But in 2008 – we were. The Ministry of Defence was at war with Georgia, and we were waging an information war, and with the entire Western world. Well, it's impossible just to start making weapons when the war has already begun! Therefore, the Ministry of Defence is now not at war with anyone, but is ready for defense. So are we.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kommersant&rft.atitle=%22%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%22&rft.date=2012-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kommersant.ru%2Fdoc%2F1911336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChappell2017" class="citation news cs1">Chappell, Bill (14 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/11/14/564045159/rt-america-firm-registers-as-foreign-agent-in-u-s-russia-looks-to-retaliate">"TV Company Linked To Russia's RT America Registers As Foreign Agent In U.S."</a> NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190621005530/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/11/14/564045159/rt-america-firm-registers-as-foreign-agent-in-u-s-russia-looks-to-retaliate">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=TV+Company+Linked+To+Russia%27s+RT+America+Registers+As+Foreign+Agent+In+U.S.&rft.date=2017-11-14&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2017%2F11%2F14%2F564045159%2Frt-america-firm-registers-as-foreign-agent-in-u-s-russia-looks-to-retaliate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ukraine_ban-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_ban_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_ban_75-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZinetsPrentice2014" class="citation news cs1">Zinets, Natalia; Prentice, Alessandra (19 August 2014). Balmforth, Richard (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-television-idUSKBN0GJ1QM20140819">"Ukraine bans Russian TV channels for airing war 'propaganda'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Robin Pomeroy (ed.). Retrieved 12 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Ukraine+bans+Russian+TV+channels+for+airing+war+%27propaganda%27&rft.date=2014-08-19&rft.aulast=Zinets&rft.aufirst=Natalia&rft.au=Prentice%2C+Alessandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-ukraine-crisis-television-idUSKBN0GJ1QM20140819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Latvia_ban-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Latvia_ban_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Latvia_ban_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnstrate2020" class="citation news cs1">Anstrate, Vita (30 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/politics/kremlin-propaganda-channel-rt-banned-in-latvia.a365523/">"Kremlin propaganda channel "RT" banned in Latvia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">Public Broadcasting of Latvia</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kremlin+propaganda+channel+%22RT%22+banned+in+Latvia&rft.date=2020-06-30&rft.aulast=Anstrate&rft.aufirst=Vita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feng.lsm.lv%2Farticle%2Fpolitics%2Fpolitics%2Fkremlin-propaganda-channel-rt-banned-in-latvia.a365523%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lithuania_ban-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lithuania_ban_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lithuania_ban_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/1195699/radijo-ir-televizijos-komisija-uzdraude-lietuvoje-retransliuoti-rt-programas">"Radijo ir televizijos komisija uždraudė Lietuvoje retransliuoti RT programas"</a>. lrt.lt (in Lithuanian). 8 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lrt.lt&rft.atitle=Radijo+ir+televizijos+komisija+u%C5%BEdraud%C4%97+Lietuvoje+retransliuoti+RT+programas&rft.date=2020-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrt.lt%2Fnaujienos%2Flietuvoje%2F2%2F1195699%2Fradijo-ir-televizijos-komisija-uzdraude-lietuvoje-retransliuoti-rt-programas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/russias-rt-channel-blocked-by-german-regulators/a-60635397">"Russia's RT channel blocked by German regulators"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 2 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220510193206/https://www.dw.com/en/russias-rt-channel-blocked-by-german-regulators/a-60635397">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+RT+channel+blocked+by+German+regulators&rft.date=2022-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Frussias-rt-channel-blocked-by-german-regulators%2Fa-60635397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRTC-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRTC_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRTC_79-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimonjic2022" class="citation news cs1">Zimonjic, Peter (16 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/crtc-russia-today-broadcasting-decision-1.6386929">"CRTC bans Russian state-controlled TV channels RT, RT France from Canadian airwaves"</a>. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701061527/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/crtc-russia-today-broadcasting-decision-1.6386929">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=CRTC+bans+Russian+state-controlled+TV+channels+RT%2C+RT+France+from+Canadian+airwaves&rft.date=2022-03-16&rft.aulast=Zimonjic&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcrtc-russia-today-broadcasting-decision-1.6386929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chmielewski_2022-80"><a href="#cite_ref-Chmielewski_2022_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChmielewski2022" class="citation web cs1">Chmielewski, Dawn (1 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/roku-is-removing-rt-roku-channel-store-europe-source-2022-03-01/">"Roku is removing RT from the Roku Channel Store in Europe – source"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302001035/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/roku-is-removing-rt-roku-channel-store-europe-source-2022-03-01/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Roku+is+removing+RT+from+the+Roku+Channel+Store+in+Europe+%E2%80%93+source&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.aulast=Chmielewski&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia-telecom%2Froku-is-removing-rt-roku-channel-store-europe-source-2022-03-01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/mar/01/russian-backed-rt-channel-to-lose-sky-tv-slot-in-uk-within-24-hours">"Russian-backed RT channel to lose Sky TV slot in UK within 24 hours"</a>. The Guardian. 1 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220917215046/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/mar/01/russian-backed-rt-channel-to-lose-sky-tv-slot-in-uk-within-24-hours">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Russian-backed+RT+channel+to+lose+Sky+TV+slot+in+UK+within+24+hours&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2Fmar%2F01%2Frussian-backed-rt-channel-to-lose-sky-tv-slot-in-uk-within-24-hours&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters20220301-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters20220301_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters20220301_82-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/youtube-block-channels-linked-russias-rt-sputnik-across-europe-2022-03-01/">"YouTube to block channels linked to Russia's RT and Sputnik across Europe"</a>. Reuters. 1 March 2022. 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Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Major+social+media+platforms+ban+Russian+state+media+in+Europe&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.aulast=Dwoskin&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Zakrzewski%2C+Cat&rft.au=De+Vynck%2C+Gerrit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2022%2F03%2F01%2Fyoutube-tiktok-facebook-state-media-ban%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman2022" class="citation web cs1">Newman, Jared (1 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90726527/tech-companies-banned-rt-news-app-russia-microsoft-google">"Here's which tech companies have—and haven't—banned Russia's state-sponsored RT media app"</a>. Fast Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301215636/https://www.fastcompany.com/90726527/tech-companies-banned-rt-news-app-russia-microsoft-google">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&rft.atitle=Here%27s+which+tech+companies+have%E2%80%94and+haven%27t%E2%80%94banned+Russia%27s+state-sponsored+RT+media+app&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F90726527%2Ftech-companies-banned-rt-news-app-russia-microsoft-google&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/microsoft-remove-rt-apps-ban-russian-state-owned-media-ads-2022-02-28/">"Microsoft to remove RT apps, ban Russian state-owned media ads"</a>. Reuters. Reuters. 28 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301215636/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/microsoft-remove-rt-apps-ban-russian-state-owned-media-ads-2022-02-28/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Microsoft+to+remove+RT+apps%2C+ban+Russian+state-owned+media+ads&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia-telecom%2Fmicrosoft-remove-rt-apps-ban-russian-state-owned-media-ads-2022-02-28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmerson" class="citation web cs1">Emerson, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/sarahemerson/apple-responds-ukraine-russia-rt-sputnik-maps">"Apple Halted Product Sales In Russia And Disabled Apple Maps Features In Ukraine"</a>. BuzzFeed News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301220420/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/sarahemerson/apple-responds-ukraine-russia-rt-sputnik-maps">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed+News&rft.atitle=Apple+Halted+Product+Sales+In+Russia+And+Disabled+Apple+Maps+Features+In+Ukraine&rft.aulast=Emerson&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeednews.com%2Farticle%2Fsarahemerson%2Fapple-responds-ukraine-russia-rt-sputnik-maps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBond2024" class="citation news cs1">Bond, Shannon (6 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2024/06/06/g-s1-2965/russia-propaganda-deepfakes-sham-websites-social-media-ukraine">"This is what Russian propaganda looks like in 2024"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240615142511/https://www.npr.org/2024/06/06/g-s1-2965/russia-propaganda-deepfakes-sham-websites-social-media-ukraine">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=This+is+what+Russian+propaganda+looks+like+in+2024&rft.date=2024-06-06&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=Shannon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2024%2F06%2F06%2Fg-s1-2965%2Frussia-propaganda-deepfakes-sham-websites-social-media-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ForeignPolicy-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ForeignPolicy_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ForeignPolicy_88-1">b</a> Julian Evans, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2005/12/01/spinning-russia/">Spinning Russia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220510193206/https://foreignpolicy.com/2005/12/01/spinning-russia/">Archived</a> 10 May 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a>, 1 December 2005.<a href="/wiki/Freemium" title="limited access publication – restrictions apply"><img alt="Limited access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osborn-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Osborn_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osborn_89-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osborn_89-2">c</a> Andrew Osborn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/world/russias-cnn-wants-to-tell-it-like-it-is/2005/08/15/1123958007022.html">Russia's 'CNN' wants to tell it like it is</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141407/https://www.theage.com.au/news/world/russias-cnn-wants-to-tell-it-like-it-is/2005/08/15/1123958007022.html">Archived</a> 12 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a>, 16 August 2005. <a href="/wiki/Freemium" title="limited access publication – restrictions apply"><img alt="Limited access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParsons2005" class="citation web cs1">Parsons, Robert (9 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1063693.html">"Russia: New International Channel Ready To Begin Broadcasting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623150345/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1063693.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%3A+New+International+Channel+Ready+To+Begin+Broadcasting&rft.pub=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.date=2005-12-09&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F1063693.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMettler2017" class="citation news cs1">Mettler, Katie (8 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/06/08/jesse-venturas-new-russian-state-tv-show-i-am-working-for-the-enemy-of-mainstream-media-now/">"Jesse Ventura's new Russian state TV show: 'I am working for the enemy of mainstream media now'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210322094611/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/06/08/jesse-venturas-new-russian-state-tv-show-i-am-working-for-the-enemy-of-mainstream-media-now/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Jesse+Ventura%27s+new+Russian+state+TV+show%3A+%27I+am+working+for+the+enemy+of+mainstream+media+now%27&rft.date=2017-06-08&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Mettler&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmorning-mix%2Fwp%2F2017%2F06%2F08%2Fjesse-venturas-new-russian-state-tv-show-i-am-working-for-the-enemy-of-mainstream-media-now%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuddick2017" class="citation web cs1">Ruddick, Graham (17 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/nov/17/be-ashamed-alex-salmond-courts-controversy-rt-russia-today">"'Be ashamed, Alex': Salmond courts controversy with RT"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153328/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/nov/17/be-ashamed-alex-salmond-courts-controversy-rt-russia-today">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Be+ashamed%2C+Alex%27%3A+Salmond+courts+controversy+with+RT&rft.date=2017-11-17&rft.aulast=Ruddick&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2017%2Fnov%2F17%2Fbe-ashamed-alex-salmond-courts-controversy-rt-russia-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://interatr.org/ru/persons/frolov-sergej/">"Фролов Сергей"</a> [Frolov Sergey]. interatr.org (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303231659/http://interatr.org/ru/persons/frolov-sergej/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=interatr.org&rft.atitle=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finteratr.org%2Fru%2Fpersons%2Ffrolov-sergej%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heyman-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heyman_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heyman_94-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heyman_94-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heyman_94-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heyman_94-4">e</a> Stephen Heyman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/arts/television/18heym.html?_r=0">A Voice of Mother Russia, in English</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190301061921/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/arts/television/18heym.html?_r=0">Archived</a> 1 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, 18 May 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ir0Fg4JWOw">Danny Schechter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415214648/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ir0Fg4JWOw">Archived</a> 15 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> interview on RT website. (via YouTube) </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_96-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_96-2">c</a> Shaun Walker, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-today-tomorrow--the-world-2083869.html">Russia Today, Tomorrow the World</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925191557/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-today-tomorrow--the-world-2083869.html">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>, 20 September 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-Painter-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Painter_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Painter_97-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Painter2007" class="citation web cs1">James Painter (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708070119/http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/James_Painter.pdf">"The boom in counter-hegemonic news channels: a case study of TeleSUR"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Reuters_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Journalism" title="Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism">Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism</a> at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a>. 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RT International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230428063304/https://www.rt.com/news/russias-landmark-events-of-2007/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT+International&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+landmark+events+of+2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fnews%2Frussias-landmark-events-of-2007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zagorodnov-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zagorodnov_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zagorodnov_99-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zagorodnov_99-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zagorodnov_99-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZagorodnov2008" class="citation news cs1">Zagorodnov, Artem (25 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbth.com/articles/2008/09/25/250908_rt.html">"Today's woman who needs to be heard"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Russia_Beyond" title="Russia Beyond">Russia Beyond</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta" title="Rossiyskaya Gazeta">Rossiyskaya Gazeta</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117194109/https://www.rbth.com/articles/2008/09/25/250908_rt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Russia+Beyond&rft.atitle=Today%27s+woman+who+needs+to+be+heard&rft.date=2008-09-25&rft.aulast=Zagorodnov&rft.aufirst=Artem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbth.com%2Farticles%2F2008%2F09%2F25%2F250908_rt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rowland-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rowland_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rowland_100-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowland2008" class="citation news cs1">Rowland, Kara (27 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/oct/27/russia-today-youth-served/?page=all">"Russia Today: Youth served"</a>. The Washington Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604194711/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/oct/27/russia-today-youth-served/?page=all">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Russia+Today%3A+Youth+served&rft.date=2008-10-27&rft.aulast=Rowland&rft.aufirst=Kara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2008%2Foct%2F27%2Frussia-today-youth-served%2F%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weigel-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weigel_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigel_101-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigel_101-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigel_101-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigel_101-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigel_101-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigel_101-6">g</a> David Weigel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2011/06/pravda_will_set_you_free.single.html">Pravda Will Set You Free; Russia's answer to Fox News and MSNBC.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240312003255/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2011/06/the-rt-network-russia-s-answer-to-fox-news-and-msnbc.html">Archived</a> 12 March 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>, 27 June 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Charles King, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/2009-10-11/clarity-caucasus">Clarity in the Caucasus?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925131944/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/2009-10-11/clarity-caucasus">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>, 11 October 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/Question_More/1927299.html">"'Question More'"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 13 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210041330/https://www.rferl.org/a/Question_More/1927299.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=%27Question+More%27&rft.date=2010-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2FQuestion_More%2F1927299.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burrell-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burrell_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burrell_104-1">b</a> Ian Burrell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/from-russia-with-news-1869324.html">From Russia with news</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190423063609/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/from-russia-with-news-1869324.html">Archived</a> 23 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>, 15 January 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-Advertising-105"><a href="#cite_ref-Advertising_105-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rts-advertising-declared-ad-of-the-month-in-uk-86592702.html">RT's Advertising Declared Ad of the Month in UK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220227105837/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rts-advertising-declared-ad-of-the-month-in-uk-86592702.html">Archived</a> 27 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, RT (TV network), 5 March 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> Josh Rogin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/10/05/new-bbg-chief-wants-more-money-to-combat-enemies-such-as-china-and-russia/">New BBG chief wants more money to combat "enemies" such as China and Russia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170228194731/https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/10/05/new-bbg-chief-wants-more-money-to-combat-enemies-such-as-china-and-russia/">Archived</a> 28 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a>, 5 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirit_Radia2011" class="citation news cs1">Kirit Radia (2 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111001140919/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/03/sec-of-state-hillary-clinton-al-jazeera-is-real-news-us-losing-information-war">"Sec. of State Hillary Clinton: Al Jazeera is 'Real News', U.S. Losing 'Information War'"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/03/sec-of-state-hillary-clinton-al-jazeera-is-real-news-us-losing-information-war">the original</a> on 1 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sec.+of+State+Hillary+Clinton%3A+Al+Jazeera+is+%27Real+News%27%2C+U.S.+Losing+%27Information+War%27&rft.date=2011-03-02&rft.au=Kirit+Radia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fblogs%2Fpolitics%2F2011%2F03%2Fsec-of-state-hillary-clinton-al-jazeera-is-real-news-us-losing-information-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Andy McSmith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130325012507/http://www.questia.com/read/1P2-28104340/village-people">Village People</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>, 5 March 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> Ishaan Tharoor, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://world.time.com/2011/03/03/clinton-applauds-al-jazeera-rolls-eyes-at-u-s-media/">Clinton Applauds Al Jazeera, Rolls Eyes at U.S. Media</a> , <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>, 3 March 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-HuffPoPutin-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HuffPoPutin_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HuffPoPutin_110-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirst2012" class="citation news cs1">Hirst, Tomas (3 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/tomas-hirst/putins-perverse-fear-of-s_b_1312766.html">"Putin's Perverse Fear of Soft Power"</a>. HuffPost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130222183427/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/tomas-hirst/putins-perverse-fear-of-s_b_1312766.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Perverse+Fear+of+Soft+Power&rft.date=2012-01-03&rft.aulast=Hirst&rft.aufirst=Tomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.co.uk%2Ftomas-hirst%2Fputins-perverse-fear-of-s_b_1312766.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toohey-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Toohey_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toohey_111-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToohey2012" class="citation news cs1">Toohey, Nathan (8 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140228121243/http://themoscownews.com/russia/20120208/189437448.html?id=">"RT and McFaul argue over Navalny's US education"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_News" title="The Moscow News">The Moscow News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://themoscownews.com/russia/20120208/189437448.html">the original</a> on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+News&rft.atitle=RT+and+McFaul+argue+over+Navalny%27s+US+education&rft.date=2012-02-08&rft.aulast=Toohey&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthemoscownews.com%2Frussia%2F20120208%2F189437448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/politics/mcfaul-opposition-rallies-panarin-667/">"McFaul and the Moscow opposition rallies"</a>. RT International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170321182301/https://www.rt.com/politics/mcfaul-opposition-rallies-panarin-667/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT+International&rft.atitle=McFaul+and+the+Moscow+opposition+rallies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fpolitics%2Fmcfaul-opposition-rallies-panarin-667%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pravda.ru/russia/politics/09-02-2012/120456-michael_mcfaul_ambassador-0/">New US Ambassador to Russia starts with lies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106021641/http://english.pravda.ru/russia/politics/09-02-2012/120456-michael_mcfaul_ambassador-0/">Archived</a> 6 November 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a>, 2 February 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/politics/us-seeks-reset-russia-635/">"US ambassador says seeks reset, not revolution in Russia"</a>. RT International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170414164107/https://www.rt.com/politics/us-seeks-reset-russia-635/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT+International&rft.atitle=US+ambassador+says+seeks+reset%2C+not+revolution+in+Russia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fpolitics%2Fus-seeks-reset-russia-635%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwOWlJix8bs">'US not funding Putin's presidential campaign'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222175132/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwOWlJix8bs">Archived</a> 22 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, RT interview with Ambassador Michael McFaul. </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanley-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley_116-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanley_116-2">c</a> Alessandra Stanley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/18/arts/television/julian-assange-starts-talk-show-on-russian-tv.html">The Prisoner as Talk Show Host; Julian Assange Starts Talk Show on Russian TV</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170310214922/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/18/arts/television/julian-assange-starts-talk-show-on-russian-tv.html">Archived</a> 10 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, 17 April 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldtomorrow.wikileaks.org/">"The World Tomorrow"</a>. WikiLeaks. 13 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120415223431/http://worldtomorrow.wikileaks.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+World+Tomorrow&rft.date=2012-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldtomorrow.wikileaks.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rt.com/news/assange-world-tomorrow-premier-date-time-934/">"Assange show premiere: Time to watch 'The World Tomorrow'"</a>. Russia: RT. 13 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120413165005/http://rt.com/news/assange-world-tomorrow-premier-date-time-934/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Assange+show+premiere%3A+Time+to+watch+%27The+World+Tomorrow%27&rft.date=2012-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frt.com%2Fnews%2Fassange-world-tomorrow-premier-date-time-934%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_119-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2012" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Jerome (17 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/julian-assange-launches-talk-show-on-kremlinbacked-broadcaster-russia-today-7654690.html">"Julian Assange launches talk show on Kremlin-backed broadcaster Russia"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414143334/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/julian-assange-launches-talk-show-on-kremlinbacked-broadcaster-russia-today-7654690.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021. <q>Heading off criticism for his choice of partner he added: "There's Julian Assange, enemy combatant, a traitor, getting in to bed with the Kremlin and interviewing terrible radicals from around the world. I think that's a pretty trivial kind of attack. If they actually look at how the show is made: we make it, we have complete editorial control, we believe that all media organisations have an angle, all media organisations have an issue.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Julian+Assange+launches+talk+show+on+Kremlin-backed+broadcaster+Russia&rft.date=2012-04-17&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fjulian-assange-launches-talk-show-on-kremlinbacked-broadcaster-russia-today-7654690.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> Raphael Satter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/assange-interviews-hezbollah-leader-tv-premiere-115117514.html">Assange interviews Hezbollah leader in TV premiere</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305030246/http://news.yahoo.com/assange-interviews-hezbollah-leader-tv-premiere-115117514.html">Archived</a> 5 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> via <a href="/wiki/Denver_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver Post">Denver Post</a>, 17 April 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/world/assange-debuts-chat-show/story-fn6sb9br-1226330924558">Assange chats with terrorist</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419163553/http://www.news.com.au/world/assange-debuts-chat-show/story-fn6sb9br-1226330924558">Archived</a> 19 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>, 18 April 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikileaks.org/New-Assange-TV-Series.html">"New Assange TV Series"</a>. wikileaks.org. 23 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120211041602/http://wikileaks.org/New-Assange-TV-Series.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Assange+TV+Series&rft.pub=wikileaks.org&rft.date=2012-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwikileaks.org%2FNew-Assange-TV-Series.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lucas-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lucas_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lucas_123-1">b</a> Douglas Lucas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2012/02/23/julian_assange_prepares_his_next_move/">Julian Assange prepares his next move</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929230435/http://www.salon.com/2012/02/23/julian_assange_prepares_his_next_move/">Archived</a> 29 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon</a>, 23 February 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaphael_Satter2012" class="citation news cs1">Raphael Satter (17 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130910131250/http://www.denverpost.com/nationalpolitics/ci_20414171/wikileaks-founders-show-air-kremlin-tv">"Assange interviews Hezbollah leader in TV premiere"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Denver_Post" title="The Denver Post">The Denver Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/nationalpolitics/ci_20414171/wikileaks-founders-show-air-kremlin-tv">the original</a> on 10 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Denver+Post&rft.atitle=Assange+interviews+Hezbollah+leader+in+TV+premiere&rft.date=2012-04-17&rft.au=Raphael+Satter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2Fnationalpolitics%2Fci_20414171%2Fwikileaks-founders-show-air-kremlin-tv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> David Meyer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/russia-today-hit-by-ddos-as-anti-wikileaks-group-claims-responsibility/">Russia Today hit by DDoS as anti-Wikileaks group claims responsibility</a>, <a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a>, 17 August 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Michael Calderone, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/19/third-party-debate-al-jazeera-english_n_1988014.html">Third-Party Debate To Be Broadcast By Al Jazeera English, RT America, But Not Major Cable News Networks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809092421/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/19/third-party-debate-al-jazeera-english_n_1988014.html">Archived</a> 9 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a>, Posted: 19 October 2012, Updated: 23 October 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121027162558/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/video/blog/2012/10/presidential_hopefuls_take_sta.html">"Presidential Hopefuls Meet in Third Party Debate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a>. 25 October 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/video/blog/2012/10/presidential_hopefuls_take_sta.html">the original</a> on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=Presidential+Hopefuls+Meet+in+Third+Party+Debate&rft.date=2012-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fextra%2Fvideo%2Fblog%2F2012%2F10%2Fpresidential_hopefuls_take_sta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/usa/rt-third-party-debate-stein-249/">RT to host final US presidential third-party debate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170415011221/https://www.rt.com/usa/rt-third-party-debate-stein-249/">Archived</a> 15 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Published: 27 October 2012; Edited: 3 November 2012; note that the debate was postponed from 30 October because of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Paul Singer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/onpolitics/2012/11/05/nader-stein-johnson-debate-third-party/1682643/">Nader's third-party debate raises alternate issues</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819060717/https://www.usatoday.com/story/onpolitics/2012/11/05/nader-stein-johnson-debate-third-party/1682643/">Archived</a> 19 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>, 5 November 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/usa/us-stein-johnson-foreign-036/">RT hosts third party debate #2: Tackling the issues the mainstream ignores</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170414163936/https://www.rt.com/usa/us-stein-johnson-foreign-036/">Archived</a> 14 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, RT.com story and video of debate, 6 November 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Dylan Byers, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2013/05/larry-king-joins-russian-channel-rt-164941">Larry King joins Russian channel RT</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925115340/http://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2013/05/larry-king-joins-russian-channel-rt-164941">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>, 29 May 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/news/larry-king-joins-rt-873/">RT America to broadcast Larry King's new political show</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170414162933/https://www.rt.com/news/larry-king-joins-rt-873/">Archived</a> 14 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, RT Press release, 29 May 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/shows/politicking-larry-king/nsa-scandal-snowden-schock-675/">"Politicking: Larry King talks NSA scandal fallout"</a>. RT International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170414163644/https://www.rt.com/shows/politicking-larry-king/nsa-scandal-snowden-schock-675/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Politicking%3A+Larry+King+talks+NSA+scandal+fallout&rft.pub=RT+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fshows%2Fpoliticking-larry-king%2Fnsa-scandal-snowden-schock-675%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Putin2013-134"><a href="#cite_ref-Putin2013_134-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/18319">Visit to Russia Today television channel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190105194547/http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/18319">Archived</a> 5 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Kremlin.ru website, 11 June 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rapidtvnews.com/2014102835839/rt-unveils-dedicated-news-channel-for-uk.html">RT unveils dedicated news channel for UK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129193915/http://www.rapidtvnews.com/2014102835839/rt-unveils-dedicated-news-channel-for-uk.html">Archived</a> 29 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Rapid TV News, 30 October 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFkarl-mcdonald2016" class="citation web cs1">karl-mcdonald (17 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inews.co.uk/news/uk/russia-todays-uk-bank-accounts-shut-natwest-25993">"Russia Today's UK bank accounts shut by NatWest"</a>. inews.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130092336/https://inews.co.uk/news/uk/russia-todays-uk-bank-accounts-shut-natwest-25993">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=inews.co.uk&rft.atitle=Russia+Today%27s+UK+bank+accounts+shut+by+NatWest&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft.au=karl-mcdonald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Frussia-todays-uk-bank-accounts-shut-natwest-25993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jan/30/natwest-reverses-decision-close-rt-russia-today-bank-accounts-uk">"NatWest reverses decision to close RT's bank accounts in UK"</a>. The Guardian. 30 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130092339/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/jan/30/natwest-reverses-decision-close-rt-russia-today-bank-accounts-uk">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=NatWest+reverses+decision+to+close+RT%27s+bank+accounts+in+UK&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2017%2Fjan%2F30%2Fnatwest-reverses-decision-close-rt-russia-today-bank-accounts-uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2018" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Charles (1 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/grassroots-media-startup-redfish-is-supported-by-the-kremlin">"This 'Grassroots' Media Startup Is Supported by the Kremlin"</a>. The Daily Beast. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190131233925/https://www.thedailybeast.com/grassroots-media-startup-redfish-is-supported-by-the-kremlin">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=This+%27Grassroots%27+Media+Startup+Is+Supported+by+the+Kremlin&rft.date=2018-02-01&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fgrassroots-media-startup-redfish-is-supported-by-the-kremlin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813005114/http://www.okwonga.com/my-new-post-on-redfish-and-russia-today/">"My new post, on Redfish and Russia Today"</a>. okwonga.com. 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BuzzFeed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226140538/https://www.buzzfeed.com/ishmaeldaro/quirky-viral-video-channel-is-funded-by-the-russian-govt">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed&rft.atitle=This+Quirky+New+Viral+Video+Channel+Is+Funded+By+The+Russian+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeed.com%2Fishmaeldaro%2Fquirky-viral-video-channel-is-funded-by-the-russian-govt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMa2019" class="citation news cs1">Ma, Alexandra (18 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rt-attacks-facebook-for-suspending-in-the-now-soapbox-other-pages-2019-2?r=US&IR=T">"Russia's RT attacks Facebook for suspending 4 viral news channels that broadcast Kremlin talking points to millennials"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+RT+attacks+Facebook+for+suspending+4+viral+news+channels+that+broadcast+Kremlin+talking+points+to+millennials&rft.date=2019-02-18&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Frt-attacks-facebook-for-suspending-in-the-now-soapbox-other-pages-2019-2%3Fr%3DUS%26IR%3DT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/kremlin-slams-facebook-s-decision-to-block-rt-blames-pressure-on-media-/29776607.html">"Facebook Blocks 'Wildly Popular' RT-Run Page"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>. 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Retrieved 18 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Facebook+Blocks+%27Wildly+Popular%27+RT-Run+Page&rft.date=2019-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fkremlin-slams-facebook-s-decision-to-block-rt-blames-pressure-on-media-%2F29776607.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirnbaum2019" class="citation news cs1">Birnbaum, Emily (25 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/technology/431497-facebook-restores-previously-suspended-russia-linked-pages/">"Facebook restores previously suspended Russia-linked pages"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Content+producer+for+Russia%27s+RT+wraps+up+journalistic+operations+in+Germany&rft.date=2023-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrinform.net%2Frubric-society%2F3665397-content-producer-for-russias-rt-wraps-up-journalistic-operations-in-germany.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBS2022-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBS2022_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBS2022_146-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-russia-european-union-airspace-rt-sputnik/">"EU closes airspace to Russian planes, bans Russian media outlets and pledges arms to Ukraine"</a>. 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BBC News. 3 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303112559/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-60584092">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=RT%3A+Russian-backed+TV+news+channel+disappears+from+UK+screens&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-60584092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/russian-news-channel-rt-unavailable-starhub-singtel-transmission-disruption-2541731">"Russian news channel RT unavailable on StarHub, Singtel due to transmission disruption 'at source'"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNA&rft.atitle=Russian+news+channel+RT+unavailable+on+StarHub%2C+Singtel+due+to+transmission+disruption+%27at+source%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fsingapore%2Frussian-news-channel-rt-unavailable-starhub-singtel-transmission-disruption-2541731&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosadzkiChaseRobertson2022" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Posadzki" title="Alexandra Posadzki">Posadzki, Alexandra</a>; Chase, Steven; Robertson, Susan Krashinsky (27 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-ottawa-looks-for-ways-to-block-russian-broadcaster-rt/">"Russia's RT to be removed from Canadian lineup by Bell, Rogers, Shaw"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Rogers%2C+Bell+to+pull+Russian+state-controlled+channel+RT+over+invasion+of+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Frogers-bell-russia-today-1.6366729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/ofcom-opens-15-investigations-into-russia-today/">"Ofcom opens 15 investigations into Russia Today"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ofcom&rft.atitle=Ofcom+launches+15+investigations+into+RT&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ofcom.org.uk%2Fnews-centre%2F2022%2Fofcom-launches-investigations-into-rt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techpolicy.press/european-union-publishes-regulation-banning-russia-today-and-sputnik">"European Union Publishes Regulation Banning Russia Today and Sputnik"</a>. Tech Policy Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302162859/https://techpolicy.press/european-union-publishes-regulation-banning-russia-today-and-sputnik">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tech+Policy+Press&rft.atitle=European+Union+Publishes+Regulation+Banning+Russia+Today+and+Sputnik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechpolicy.press%2Feuropean-union-publishes-regulation-banning-russia-today-and-sputnik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters2022" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Jay (28 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2022/2/28/22955542/facebook-meta-blocks-rt-sputnik-eu-instagram">"Facebook blocks RT and Sputnik pages in the EU"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220731195054/https://www.theverge.com/2022/2/28/22955542/facebook-meta-blocks-rt-sputnik-eu-instagram">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Facebook+blocks+RT+and+Sputnik+pages+in+the+EU&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2022%2F2%2F28%2F22955542%2Ffacebook-meta-blocks-rt-sputnik-eu-instagram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDwoskinZakrzewski2022" class="citation news cs1">Dwoskin, Elizabeth; Zakrzewski, Cat (28 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/02/28/facebook-ukraine-russian-disinformation/">"Facebook and TikTok ban Russian state media in Europe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/02/28/facebook-ukraine-russian-disinformation/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Facebook+and+TikTok+ban+Russian+state+media+in+Europe&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.aulast=Dwoskin&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Zakrzewski%2C+Cat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2022%2F02%2F28%2Ffacebook-ukraine-russian-disinformation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFingas2022" class="citation web cs1">Fingas, J. (28 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/microsoft-bans-russia-state-media-193720376.html">"Microsoft is the latest to ban Russian state media from its platforms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301000756/https://www.engadget.com/microsoft-bans-russia-state-media-193720376.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engadget&rft.atitle=Microsoft+is+the+latest+to+ban+Russian+state+media+from+its+platforms&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.aulast=Fingas&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2Fmicrosoft-bans-russia-state-media-193720376.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kanter-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kanter_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kanter_157-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kanter_157-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanter2022" class="citation news cs1">Kanter, Jake (1 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/banning-rt-could-lead-to-retaliation-against-bbc-liz-truss-warns-xx0w5rj2m">"YouTube blocks RT channels in Britain and Europe"</a>. The Times. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=YouTube+blocks+RT+channels+in+Britain+and+Europe&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.aulast=Kanter&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fbanning-rt-could-lead-to-retaliation-against-bbc-liz-truss-warns-xx0w5rj2m&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayo2022" class="citation web cs1">Mayo, Benjamin (1 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://9to5mac.com/2022/03/01/apple-ukraine-statement-pause-product-sales/">"Apple shares statement on Russian invasion of Ukraine, company pauses all product sales and pulls RT News and Sputnik News apps from App Store"</a>. <a href="/wiki/9to5Mac" title="9to5Mac">9to5Mac</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301210934/https://9to5mac.com/2022/03/01/apple-ukraine-statement-pause-product-sales/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=9to5Mac&rft.atitle=Apple+shares+statement+on+Russian+invasion+of+Ukraine%2C+company+pauses+all+product+sales+and+pulls+RT+News+and+Sputnik+News+apps+from+App+Store&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.aulast=Mayo&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F9to5mac.com%2F2022%2F03%2F01%2Fapple-ukraine-statement-pause-product-sales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeck2022" class="citation web cs1">Keck, Catie (1 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/1/22957443/roku-directv-russia-ukraine-rt">"Roku, DirecTV drop Russian-backed RT channel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220330100409/https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/1/22957443/roku-directv-russia-ukraine-rt">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Roku%2C+DirecTV+drop+Russian-backed+RT+channel&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.aulast=Keck&rft.aufirst=Catie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2022%2F3%2F1%2F22957443%2Froku-directv-russia-ukraine-rt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeprin2022" class="citation web cs1">Weprin, Alex (1 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/directv-drops-russian-rt-1235101912/">"DirecTV Drops Russia-Backed RT Channel "Effective Immediately""</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301184935/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/directv-drops-russian-rt-1235101912/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=DirecTV+Drops+Russia-Backed+RT+Channel+%22Effective+Immediately%22&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.aulast=Weprin&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Ftv%2Ftv-news%2Fdirectv-drops-russian-rt-1235101912%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2022/03/02/uruguay-tambien-suspendio-la-senal-del-canal-ruso-rt/">"Uruguay también suspendió la señal del canal ruso RT"</a>. infobae (in European Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230707161426/https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2022/03/02/uruguay-tambien-suspendio-la-senal-del-canal-ruso-rt/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2023. Retrieved 6 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=infobae&rft.atitle=Uruguay+tambi%C3%A9n+suspendi%C3%B3+la+se%C3%B1al+del+canal+ruso+RT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Famerica%2Fmundo%2F2022%2F03%2F02%2Furuguay-tambien-suspendio-la-senal-del-canal-ruso-rt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPullar-Strecker2022" class="citation news cs1">Pullar-Strecker, Tom (27 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/127900707/sky-tv-stops-broadcasting-russia-today-in-light-of-war-on-ukraine">"Sky TV stops broadcasting Russia Today in light of war on Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stuff_(website)" title="Stuff (website)">Stuff</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220227223947/https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/127900707/sky-tv-stops-broadcasting-russia-today-in-light-of-war-on-ukraine">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuff&rft.atitle=Sky+TV+stops+broadcasting+Russia+Today+in+light+of+war+on+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-02-27&rft.aulast=Pullar-Strecker&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fbusiness%2F127900707%2Fsky-tv-stops-broadcasting-russia-today-in-light-of-war-on-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpangler2022" class="citation web cs1">Spangler, Todd (3 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2022/digital/news/reddit-bans-links-to-russian-state-media-1235195612/">"Reddit Bans Links to Russian State Media Across Entire Site"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303232815/https://variety.com/2022/digital/news/reddit-bans-links-to-russian-state-media-1235195612/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Reddit+Bans+Links+to+Russian+State+Media+Across+Entire+Site&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft.aulast=Spangler&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2022%2Fdigital%2Fnews%2Freddit-bans-links-to-russian-state-media-1235195612%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220312-youtube-blocks-russian-state-funded-media-including-rt-and-sputnik-around-the-world">"YouTube blocks Russian state-funded media, including RT and Sputnik, around the world"</a>. France 24. 12 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220321035648/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220312-youtube-blocks-russian-state-funded-media-including-rt-and-sputnik-around-the-world">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=YouTube+blocks+Russian+state-funded+media%2C+including+RT+and+Sputnik%2C+around+the+world&rft.date=2022-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Feurope%2F20220312-youtube-blocks-russian-state-funded-media-including-rt-and-sputnik-around-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChee2022" class="citation news cs1">Chee, Foo Yun (8 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/rt-challenges-eu-ban-europes-second-top-court-2022-03-08/">"RT challenges EU ban at Europe's second top court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=RT+challenges+EU+ban+at+Europe%27s+second+top+court&rft.date=2022-03-08&rft.aulast=Chee&rft.aufirst=Foo+Yun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia-telecom%2Frt-challenges-eu-ban-europes-second-top-court-2022-03-08%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodoni2022" class="citation news cs1">Bodoni, Stephanie (30 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-30/kremlin-backed-rt-loses-court-bid-to-suspend-eu-sanctions">"Kremlin-Backed RT Loses Court Bid to Suspend EU Sanctions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153828/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-30/kremlin-backed-rt-loses-court-bid-to-suspend-eu-sanctions">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Kremlin-Backed+RT+Loses+Court+Bid+to+Suspend+EU+Sanctions&rft.date=2022-03-30&rft.aulast=Bodoni&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-03-30%2Fkremlin-backed-rt-loses-court-bid-to-suspend-eu-sanctions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodoni2022" class="citation news cs1">Bodoni, Stephanie (27 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-27/rt-loses-court-fight-against-eu-crackdown-on-russia-propaganda">"RT Loses Court Fight Over EU Ban Following Ukraine Invasion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230704120441/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-27/rt-loses-court-fight-against-eu-crackdown-on-russia-propaganda">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=RT+Loses+Court+Fight+Over+EU+Ban+Following+Ukraine+Invasion&rft.date=2022-07-27&rft.aulast=Bodoni&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2022-07-27%2Frt-loses-court-fight-against-eu-crackdown-on-russia-propaganda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wapo-muffle-2022-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wapo-muffle-2022_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wapo-muffle-2022_169-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wapo-muffle-2022_169-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wapo-muffle-2022_169-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDwoskinMerrillDe_Vynck" class="citation news cs1">Dwoskin, Elizabeth; 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Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newslaundry&rft.atitle=Anonymous+targets+RT+portal+in+%27cyber+war%27+against+Russia&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newslaundry.com%2F2022%2F02%2F25%2Fanonymous-targets-rt-portal-in-cyber-war-against-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurtill2022" class="citation web cs1">Purtill, James (25 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2022-02-25/hacker-collective-anonymous-declares-cyber-war-against-russia/100861160">"Anonymous takes down Kremlin, Russian-controlled media site in cyber attacks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220226130516/https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2022-02-25/hacker-collective-anonymous-declares-cyber-war-against-russia/100861160">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Anonymous+takes+down+Kremlin%2C+Russian-controlled+media+site+in+cyber+attacks&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.aulast=Purtill&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fscience%2F2022-02-25%2Fhacker-collective-anonymous-declares-cyber-war-against-russia%2F100861160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSauer2022" class="citation web cs1">Sauer, Pjotr (7 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/why-has-the-letter-z-become-the-symbol-of-war-for-russia">"Why has the letter Z become the symbol of war for Russia?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307213630/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/why-has-the-letter-z-become-the-symbol-of-war-for-russia">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Why+has+the+letter+Z+become+the+symbol+of+war+for+Russia%3F&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=Pjotr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fmar%2F07%2Fwhy-has-the-letter-z-become-the-symbol-of-war-for-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2022" class="citation web cs1">Gilbert, David (15 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/dypepw/rt-news-gab-social">"Russian State TV Has Found a New Home on Gab"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vice_News" title="Vice News">Vice News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220317223107/https://www.vice.com/en/article/dypepw/rt-news-gab-social">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice+News&rft.atitle=Russian+State+TV+Has+Found+a+New+Home+on+Gab&rft.date=2022-03-15&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fdypepw%2Frt-news-gab-social&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-urges-global-ban-russias-rt-after-presenter-calls-drowning-ukrainian-2022-10-23/">"Ukraine urges global ban of Russia's RT after presenter calls for drowning of Ukrainian children"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 23 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221024005613/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-urges-global-ban-russias-rt-after-presenter-calls-drowning-ukrainian-2022-10-23/?utm_source=reddit.com">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Ukraine+urges+global+ban+of+Russia%27s+RT+after+presenter+calls+for+drowning+of+Ukrainian+children&rft.date=2022-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-urges-global-ban-russias-rt-after-presenter-calls-drowning-ukrainian-2022-10-23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/10/24/rt-host-suspended-for-calls-to-drown-burn-ukrainian-children-a79172">"RT Host Suspended for Calls to 'Drown, Burn' Ukrainian Children"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>. 24 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221024203642/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/10/24/rt-host-suspended-for-calls-to-drown-burn-ukrainian-children-a79172">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=RT+Host+Suspended+for+Calls+to+%27Drown%2C+Burn%27+Ukrainian+Children&rft.date=2022-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2022%2F10%2F24%2Frt-host-suspended-for-calls-to-drown-burn-ukrainian-children-a79172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/news/563568-rt-hindi-twitter-telegram-launch/">"RT Hindi debuts on Twitter"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230429120151/https://www.rt.com/news/563568-rt-hindi-twitter-telegram-launch/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2023. 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Washington, DC"</a>. rasmus.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240812163452/https://rasmus.com/auctions/PDFH8RH4lUDFATQlWiEv">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rasmus.com&rft.atitle=Broadcasting+and+Television+Production+Auction.+Washington%2C+DC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frasmus.com%2Fauctions%2FPDFH8RH4lUDFATQlWiEv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/sep/16/meta-bans-rt-russian-media-outlets">"Meta bans Russian state media outlets over 'foreign interference activity'"</a>. 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Retrieved 31 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=RT+editor+Simonyan+to+head+Kremlin-backed+news+agency&rft.date=2013-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-25560434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolesnikov2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kolesnikov, Aleksandr (28 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://octagon.media/ekonomika/margarita_simonyan_privatiziruet_russia_today_.html">"Маргарита Симоньян приватизирует Russia Today"</a> [Margarita Simonyan privatizes Russia Today]. octagon.media (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220210105510/https://octagon.media/ekonomika/margarita_simonyan_privatiziruet_russia_today_.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2022. 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Retrieved 10 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=GEC+Special+Report.+Kremlin-Funded+Media%3A+RT+and+Sputnik%27s+role+in+Russia%27s+Disinformation+and+Propaganda+Ecosystem&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F01%2FKremlin-Funded-Media_January_update-19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knobel-194"><a href="#cite_ref-Knobel_194-0">^</a> Beth Knobel <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-news-english-accent-11-12-2005/">"Russian News, English Accent: New Kremlin Show Spins Russia Westward"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924155805/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-news-english-accent-11-12-2005/">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>, 12 December 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-Maczka-195">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maczka_195-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maczka_195-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maczka_195-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maczka_195-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maczka_195-4">e</a> Marcin Maczka, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neweasterneurope.eu/interviews/320-the-propaganda-machine">The Propaganda Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007040059/http://www.neweasterneurope.eu/interviews/320-the-propaganda-machine">Archived</a> 7 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New Eastern Europe website, 9 July 2012, originally published in New Eastern Europe: New Europe, Old Problems No. 3 (IV), 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> Lenizadt estimates the 2012 Russian Federal Budget at 11 billion rubles to RT's parent company ANO TV-Novosti. 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BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506104851/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34248178">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+in+%27information+war%27+with+West+to+win+hearts+and+minds&rft.date=2015-09-16&rft.au=Stephen+Ennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-34248178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2015/10/11/russia-cuts-state-spending-on-rt-news-network-a50194">"Russia Cuts State Spending on RT News Network"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Moscow_Times" title="The Moscow Times">The Moscow Times</a>. 11 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218215430/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2015/10/11/russia-cuts-state-spending-on-rt-news-network-a50194">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Russia+Cuts+State+Spending+on+RT+News+Network&rft.date=2015-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2015%2F10%2F11%2Frussia-cuts-state-spending-on-rt-news-network-a50194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rtvi.com/news/gosfinansirovanie-rt-i-mia-rossiya-segodnya-budet-uvelicheno-na-1-4-i-1-7-mlrd-rubley-v-2022-godu/">"Госфинансирование RT и МИА «Россия сегодня» будет увеличено на 1,4 и 1,7 млрд рублей в 2022 году"</a> [State funding of RT and MIA <a href="/wiki/Rossiya_Segodnya" title="Rossiya Segodnya">Rossiya Segodnya</a> will be increased by 1.4 and 1.7 billion rubles in 2022]. <a href="/wiki/RTVI" title="RTVI">RTVI</a> (in Russian). 22 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204171910/https://rtvi.com/news/gosfinansirovanie-rt-i-mia-rossiya-segodnya-budet-uvelicheno-na-1-4-i-1-7-mlrd-rubley-v-2022-godu/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTVI&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+RT+%D0%B8+%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%90+%C2%AB%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%C2%BB+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1%2C4+%D0%B8+1%2C7+%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%80%D0%B4+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B2+2022+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83&rft.date=2021-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frtvi.com%2Fnews%2Fgosfinansirovanie-rt-i-mia-rossiya-segodnya-budet-uvelicheno-na-1-4-i-1-7-mlrd-rubley-v-2022-godu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meduza.io/news/2021/12/23/rt-ostalsya-liderom-po-ob-emam-gosfinansirovaniya-sredi-smi-v-2022-godu-kanal-poluchit-pochti-29-milliardov-rubley">"RT остался лидером по объемам госфинансирования среди СМИ. В 2022 году канал получит почти 29 миллиардов рублей"</a> [RT remained the leader in terms of state funding among the media. In 2022, the channel will receive almost 29 billion rubles]. <a href="/wiki/Meduza" title="Meduza">Meduza</a> (in Russian). 23 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204204744/https://meduza.io/news/2021/12/23/rt-ostalsya-liderom-po-ob-emam-gosfinansirovaniya-sredi-smi-v-2022-godu-kanal-poluchit-pochti-29-milliardov-rubley">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meduza&rft.atitle=RT+%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8+%D0%A1%D0%9C%D0%98.+%D0%92+2022+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B8+29+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.date=2021-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Fnews%2F2021%2F12%2F23%2Frt-ostalsya-liderom-po-ob-emam-gosfinansirovaniya-sredi-smi-v-2022-godu-kanal-poluchit-pochti-29-milliardov-rubley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/about-us/distribution/">"Distribution"</a>. RT International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607134305/https://www.rt.com/about-us/distribution/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT+International&rft.atitle=Distribution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fabout-us%2Fdistribution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSM2012-206"><a href="#cite_ref-CSM2012_206-0">^</a> Fred Weir, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2012/0125/Russia-gives-WikiLeaks-Julian-Assange-a-TV-platform">Russia gives WikiLeaks' Julian Assange a TV platform</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419221003/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2012/0125/Russia-gives-WikiLeaks-Julian-Assange-a-TV-platform">Archived</a> 19 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a>, 25 January 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-RTCorporate-207">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RTCorporate_207-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RTCorporate_207-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/about-us/">"About RT (formerly corporate profile)"</a>. RT International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190224095056/https://www.rt.com/about-us/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT+International&rft.atitle=About+RT+%28formerly+corporate+profile%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arabic.rt.com/prg/"><bdi lang="ar">برامج القناة</bdi></a>. RT Arabic (in Arabic). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230517193935/https://arabic.rt.com/prg/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT+Arabic&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farabic.rt.com%2Fprg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-About_Actualidad_RT-209"><a href="#cite_ref-About_Actualidad_RT_209-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://actualidad.rt.com/acerca/quienes_somos">"Quiénes somos"</a>. RT en Español (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171119083817/https://actualidad.rt.com/acerca/quienes_somos">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT+en+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft.atitle=Qui%C3%A9nes+somos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factualidad.rt.com%2Facerca%2Fquienes_somos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stubbs-2017-210">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stubbs-2017_210-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stubbs-2017_210-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStubbsGibson2017" class="citation news cs1">Stubbs, Jack; Gibson, Ginger (13 November 2017). McCool, Grant (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-usa-media-restrictions-rt/russias-rt-registers-as-foreign-agent-in-usa-editor-idUSKBN1DD25B">"Russia's RT America registers as 'foreign agent' in U.S."</a> <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Lisa Shumaker (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171113210402/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-usa-media-restrictions-rt/russias-rt-registers-as-foreign-agent-in-usa-editor-idUSKBN1DD25B">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+RT+America+registers+as+%27foreign+agent%27+in+U.S.&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft.aulast=Stubbs&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Gibson%2C+Ginger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-russia-usa-media-restrictions-rt%2Frussias-rt-registers-as-foreign-agent-in-usa-editor-idUSKBN1DD25B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/uk/200411-rt-uk-channel-launch/">"RT launches dedicated UK news channel – RT UK"</a>. RT International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190507021820/https://www.rt.com/uk/200411-rt-uk-channel-launch/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT+International&rft.atitle=RT+launches+dedicated+UK+news+channel+%E2%80%93+RT+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fuk%2F200411-rt-uk-channel-launch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-About_RT_doc-212"><a href="#cite_ref-About_RT_doc_212-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/news/rt-documentary-channel-new/">"RTД – your guide to the depths of Russia"</a>. RT International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011094753/https://www.rt.com/news/rt-documentary-channel-new/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT+International&rft.atitle=RT%D0%94+%E2%80%93+your+guide+to+the+depths+of+Russia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fnews%2Frt-documentary-channel-new%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://russian.rt.com/">"RT на русском последние новости онлайн в России и в Мире"</a>. RT на русском. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181028051840/https://russian.rt.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC&rft.atitle=RT+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frussian.rt.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://francais.rt.com/">"RT en Français"</a>. RT en Français. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626113120/http://francais.rt.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT+en+Fran%C3%A7ais&rft.atitle=RT+en+Fran%C3%A7ais&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrancais.rt.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fakecheck-rt.de/">"Fakecheck – RT"</a>. fakecheck-rt.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228081845/https://fakecheck-rt.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fakecheck-rt.de&rft.atitle=Fakecheck+%E2%80%93+RT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffakecheck-rt.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/sep/29/youtube-deletes-rts-german-channels-over-covid-misinformation">"YouTube deletes RT's German channels over Covid misinformation"</a>. The Guardian. 29 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928234136/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/sep/29/youtube-deletes-rts-german-channels-over-covid-misinformation">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=YouTube+deletes+RT%27s+German+channels+over+Covid+misinformation&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2021%2Fsep%2F29%2Fyoutube-deletes-rts-german-channels-over-covid-misinformation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-@DFRLab-217">^ <a href="#cite_ref-@DFRLab_217-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-@DFRLab_217-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-@DFRLab_217-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF@DFRLab2021" class="citation web cs1">@DFRLab (24 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/dfrlab/how-rt-de-spread-covid-misinformation-on-youtube-137ceeb70c7e">"How RT DE spread COVID misinformation on YouTube"</a>. DFRLab. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207202952/https://medium.com/dfrlab/how-rt-de-spread-covid-misinformation-on-youtube-137ceeb70c7e">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DFRLab&rft.atitle=How+RT+DE+spread+COVID+misinformation+on+YouTube&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.au=%40DFRLab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fdfrlab%2Fhow-rt-de-spread-covid-misinformation-on-youtube-137ceeb70c7e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-meduza.io-two-faces-218">^ <a href="#cite_ref-meduza.io-two-faces_218-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-meduza.io-two-faces_218-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-meduza.io-two-faces_218-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovalevVachedinZelenin2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Kovalev_(journalist)" title="Alexey Kovalev (journalist)">Kovalev, Alexey</a>; Vachedin, Dmitry; Zelenin, Sasha (11 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meduza.io/en/feature/2021/11/11/the-two-faces-of-rt-s-coronavirus-propaganda">"The two faces of RT's coronavirus propaganda When it comes to Russia Today and the pandemic, coverage at home and abroad is worlds apart"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Meduza" title="Meduza">Meduza</a>. Translated by Kevin Rothrock. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223102644/https://meduza.io/en/feature/2021/11/11/the-two-faces-of-rt-s-coronavirus-propaganda">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meduza&rft.atitle=The+two+faces+of+RT%27s+coronavirus+propaganda+When+it+comes+to+Russia+Today+and+the+pandemic%2C+coverage+at+home+and+abroad+is+worlds+apart&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Kovalev&rft.aufirst=Alexey&rft.au=Vachedin%2C+Dmitry&rft.au=Zelenin%2C+Sasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Fen%2Ffeature%2F2021%2F11%2F11%2Fthe-two-faces-of-rt-s-coronavirus-propaganda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rrsat-signs-contract-with-russia-today-for-global-distribution-of-rt-hd-channels-168896986.html">"RRsat Signs Contract With Russia Today For Global Distribution Of RT HD Channels"</a> (Press release). PR Newswire. 7 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925184920/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rrsat-signs-contract-with-russia-today-for-global-distribution-of-rt-hd-channels-168896986.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RRsat+Signs+Contract+With+Russia+Today+For+Global+Distribution+Of+RT+HD+Channels&rft.date=2012-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Frrsat-signs-contract-with-russia-today-for-global-distribution-of-rt-hd-channels-168896986.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMEinfo-220"><a href="#cite_ref-AMEinfo_220-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006005854/http://www.ameinfo.com/russia-rusiya-al-yaum-join-yahlives-definition-313995">Russia Today and Rusiya Al-yaum join Yahlive's high definition bouquet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Yah_Satellite_Communications" title="Al Yah Satellite Communications">Al Yah Satellite Communications</a>, <a href="/wiki/AMEinfo.com" title="AMEinfo.com">AMEinfo.com</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/view/133759-rt-espanol-senal-argentina-abierto">"Putin: RT en español emitirá su señal en abierto en Argentina 24 al día"</a> (in Spanish). Actualidad RT. 12 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140712220340/http://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/view/133759-rt-espanol-senal-argentina-abierto">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin%3A+RT+en+espa%C3%B1ol+emitir%C3%A1+su+se%C3%B1al+en+abierto+en+Argentina+24+al+d%C3%ADa&rft.date=2014-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Factualidad.rt.com%2Factualidad%2Fview%2F133759-rt-espanol-senal-argentina-abierto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosoerFinchelstein,_Federico2014" class="citation news cs1">Bosoer, Fabián; <a href="/wiki/Federico_Finchelstein" title="Federico Finchelstein">Finchelstein, Federico</a> (21 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://omnifeed.com/article/www.nytimes.com/2014/10/22/opinion/russia-today-argentina-tomorrow.html">"Russia Today, Argentina Tomorrow"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216025604/http://omnifeed.com/article/www.nytimes.com/2014/10/22/opinion/russia-today-argentina-tomorrow.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Russia+Today%2C+Argentina+Tomorrow&rft.date=2014-10-21&rft.aulast=Bosoer&rft.aufirst=Fabi%C3%A1n&rft.au=Finchelstein%2C+Federico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fomnifeed.com%2Farticle%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F10%2F22%2Fopinion%2Frussia-today-argentina-tomorrow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/argentina-announces-suspension-russian-state-rt-news-broadcasts/27791747.html">"Argentina Announces Suspension Of Russia's RT TV Broadcasts"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 11 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160612100401/http://www.rferl.org/content/argentina-announces-suspension-russian-state-rt-news-broadcasts/27791747.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Argentina+Announces+Suspension+Of+Russia%27s+RT+TV+Broadcasts&rft.date=2016-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fcontent%2Fargentina-announces-suspension-russian-state-rt-news-broadcasts%2F27791747.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnox2015" class="citation web cs1">Knox, David (16 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2015/02/foxtel-adds-russia-today-channel.html">"Foxtel adds Russia Today channel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TV_Tonight" title="TV Tonight">TV Tonight</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216051107/http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2015/02/foxtel-adds-russia-today-channel.html/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+Tonight&rft.atitle=Foxtel+adds+Russia+Today+channel&rft.date=2015-02-16&rft.aulast=Knox&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvtonight.com.au%2F2015%2F02%2Ffoxtel-adds-russia-today-channel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RT-ratings-225"><a href="#cite_ref-RT-ratings_225-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/about-us/distribution/">"RT. About Us. Distribution"</a>. RT. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607134305/https://www.rt.com/about-us/distribution/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT&rft.atitle=RT.+About+Us.+Distribution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fabout-us%2Fdistribution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Niemanlab-2022-226">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Niemanlab-2022_226-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niemanlab-2022_226-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niemanlab-2022_226-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenton2022" class="citation web cs1">Benton, Joshua (2 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niemanlab.org/2022/03/how-many-people-really-watch-or-read-rt-anyway-its-hard-to-tell-but-some-of-their-social-numbers-are-eye-popping/">"How many people really watch or read RT, anyway? It's hard to tell, but some of their social numbers are eye-popping"</a>. Niemanlab. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311162040/https://www.niemanlab.org/2022/03/how-many-people-really-watch-or-read-rt-anyway-its-hard-to-tell-but-some-of-their-social-numbers-are-eye-popping/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Niemanlab&rft.atitle=How+many+people+really+watch+or+read+RT%2C+anyway%3F+It%27s+hard+to+tell%2C+but+some+of+their+social+numbers+are+eye-popping&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft.aulast=Benton&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niemanlab.org%2F2022%2F03%2Fhow-many-people-really-watch-or-read-rt-anyway-its-hard-to-tell-but-some-of-their-social-numbers-are-eye-popping%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZavadski2015" class="citation news cs1">Zavadski, Katie (17 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/17/putin-s-propaganda-tv-lies-about-ratings.html">"Putin's Propaganda TV Lies About Its Popularity"</a>. The Daily Beast. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920002756/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/17/putin-s-propaganda-tv-lies-about-ratings.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Propaganda+TV+Lies+About+Its+Popularity&rft.date=2015-09-17&rft.aulast=Zavadski&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2015%2F09%2F17%2Fputin-s-propaganda-tv-lies-about-ratings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zavaski17Sept-228">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zavaski17Sept_228-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zavaski17Sept_228-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zavaski17Sept_228-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zavaski17Sept_228-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zavaski17Sept_228-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZavaski2015" class="citation news cs1">Zavaski, Katie (17 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/17/putin-s-propaganda-tv-lies-about-ratings.html">"Putin's Propaganda TV Lies About its Popularity"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920002756/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/17/putin-s-propaganda-tv-lies-about-ratings.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Propaganda+TV+Lies+About+its+Popularity&rft.date=2015-09-17&rft.aulast=Zavaski&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2015%2F09%2F17%2Fputin-s-propaganda-tv-lies-about-ratings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/01/12/if-russia-today-is-moscows-propaganda-arm-its-not-very-good-at-its-job/">"If Russia Today is Moscow's propaganda arm, it's not very good at its job"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170112205116/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/01/12/if-russia-today-is-moscows-propaganda-arm-its-not-very-good-at-its-job/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=If+Russia+Today+is+Moscow%27s+propaganda+arm%2C+it%27s+not+very+good+at+its+job&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2017%2F01%2F12%2Fif-russia-today-is-moscows-propaganda-arm-its-not-very-good-at-its-job%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/op-edge/315778-exposing-daily-beast-propaganda/">"Exposing Daily Beast propaganda: 10 RT political virals the YouTube MSM can only dream of"</a>. RT International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170414162029/https://www.rt.com/op-edge/315778-exposing-daily-beast-propaganda/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT+International&rft.atitle=Exposing+Daily+Beast+propaganda%3A+10+RT+political+virals+the+YouTube+MSM+can+only+dream+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fop-edge%2F315778-exposing-daily-beast-propaganda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/op-edge/373527-fact-checking-washington-post-rt-report/">"Fact check for dummies: Teaching Washington Post & Co how to do journalism one last time"</a>. RT International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170414080820/https://www.rt.com/op-edge/373527-fact-checking-washington-post-rt-report/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT+International&rft.atitle=Fact+check+for+dummies%3A+Teaching+Washington+Post+%26+Co+how+to+do+journalism+one+last+time&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fop-edge%2F373527-fact-checking-washington-post-rt-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsnews.net/2010/01/media-foreign-news-channels-drawing-us-viewers/">Foreign News Channels Drawing U.S. Viewers – IPS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407023920/https://www.ipsnews.net/2010/01/media-foreign-news-channels-drawing-us-viewers/">Archived</a> 7 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Ipsnews.net. Retrieved 7 December 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-russia-briefing.com-233">^ <a href="#cite_ref-russia-briefing.com_233-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-russia-briefing.com_233-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.russia-briefing.com/news/russia-today-to-double-its-u-s-audience.html/">'Russia Today' Doubles its U.S. Audience</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419163918/https://www.russia-briefing.com/news/russia-today-to-double-its-u-s-audience.html/">Archived</a> 19 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Russia Briefing News, 7 June 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-BARBQ32012-234"><a href="#cite_ref-BARBQ32012_234-0">^</a> BARB Q3 2012 viewing figures <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130227063338/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewing/quarterly-channel-reach/download/BARB+Quarterly+Reach+Report+-+Quarter+3+2012+-+weeks+2293-2305.pdf">"BARB Quarterly Reach Report- Quarter 3 2012"</a>, BARB. 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Retrieved 13 December 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-BARBQ42012-236"><a href="#cite_ref-BARBQ42012_236-0">^</a> BARB Q4 2012 viewing figures <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130616085114/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewing/quarterly-channel-reach/download/BARB+Quarterly+Reach+Report+-+Quarter+4+2012+-+weeks+2306-2318.pdf">"BARB Quarterly Reach Report- Quarter 4 2012"</a>, BARB. Retrieved 6 June 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-BARBQ42013-237"><a href="#cite_ref-BARBQ42013_237-0">^</a> BARB Q4 2013 viewing figures <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140409233956/http://www.barb.co.uk/viewing/quarterly-channel-reach/download/BARB+Quarterly+Reach+Report+-+Quarter+4+2013+-+weeks+2358-2370.pdf">"BARB Quarterly Reach Report- Quarter 4 2013"</a>, BARB. 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Retrieved 25 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Kremlin%27s+UK+TV+fails+to+match+ambitions&rft.date=2014-11-04&rft.aulast=Ennis&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fmonitoring%2Fkremlins-uk-tv-fails-to-match-ambitions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> BARB Q3 2015 viewing figures <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barb.co.uk/file/download/trendspotting-data/quarterly-channel-reach/BARB+Quarterly+Reach+Report+-+Quarter+3+2015+-+weeks+2449-2461.pdf">"BARB Quarterly Reach Report- Quarter 3 2015"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160129072449/http://www.barb.co.uk/file/download/trendspotting-data/quarterly-channel-reach/BARB+Quarterly+Reach+Report+-+Quarter+3+2015+-+weeks+2449-2461.pdf">Archived</a> 29 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BARB. 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Retrieved 16 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=24-hour+Putin+people%3A+my+week+watching+Kremlin+%27propaganda+channel%27+RT&rft.date=2017-11-29&rft.aulast=Dowling&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2017%2Fnov%2F29%2F24-hour-putin-people-my-week-watching-kremlin-propaganda-channel-rt-russia-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTracy_Quan2012" class="citation web cs1">Tracy Quan (3 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/07/03/i-love-the-julian-assange-show.html">"I Love the Julian Assange Show!"</a>. The Daily Beast. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023180606/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/07/03/i-love-the-julian-assange-show.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=I+Love+the+Julian+Assange+Show%21&rft.date=2012-07-03&rft.au=Tracy+Quan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2012%2F07%2F03%2Fi-love-the-julian-assange-show.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zwick-253">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zwick_253-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zwick_253-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zwick_253-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zwick_253-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zwick_253-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zwick_253-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zwick_253-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZwick2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Zwick, Jesse (14 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/world/magazine/101703/russia-tv-rtv-cohen-alyona">"Pravda Lite"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153831/https://newrepublic.com/article/101703/russia-tv-rtv-cohen-alyona">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=Pravda+Lite&rft.date=2012-03-14&rft.aulast=Zwick&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2Fworld%2Fmagazine%2F101703%2Frussia-tv-rtv-cohen-alyona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-soma-254">^ <a href="#cite_ref-soma_254-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-soma_254-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreed" class="citation journal cs1">Freed, Benjamin R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.somamagazine.com/alyona-minkovski/">"Alyona Minkovski: She's Got It!"</a>. SOMA Magazine. 25 (4). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203044018/http://www.somamagazine.com/alyona-minkovski/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SOMA+Magazine&rft.atitle=Alyona+Minkovski%3A+She%27s+Got+It%21&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.aulast=Freed&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.somamagazine.com%2Falyona-minkovski%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110418204433/http://www.adamvstheman.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/AVTM-Press-Release-110403.pdf">RT America Launches New Show, Hosted by Former US Marine, Adam Kokesh</a>, press release on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adamvstheman.com/">Adam vs The Man</a> web site, 4 April 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110924074939/http://www.adamvstheman.com/blog/episodes/final-episode-east-coast-quake-libya-rebellion-you-the-viewer-teachers-social-media-net-neutrality-media-blackout-on-ron-paul">"Final Episode: East Coast Quake, Libya Rebellion, You The Viewer, Teachers & Social Media, Net Neutrality, Media Blackout on Ron Paul?"</a>. RT. 25 August 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adamvstheman.com/blog/episodes/final-episode-east-coast-quake-libya-rebellion-you-the-viewer-teachers-social-media-net-neutrality-media-blackout-on-ron-paul/">the original</a> on 24 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Episode%3A+East+Coast+Quake%2C+Libya+Rebellion%2C+You+The+Viewer%2C+Teachers+%26+Social+Media%2C+Net+Neutrality%2C+Media+Blackout+on+Ron+Paul%3F&rft.pub=RT&rft.date=2011-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adamvstheman.com%2Fblog%2Fepisodes%2Ffinal-episode-east-coast-quake-libya-rebellion-you-the-viewer-teachers-social-media-net-neutrality-media-blackout-on-ron-paul%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Politico-257">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Politico_257-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Politico_257-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/blogs/onmedia/0811/Ron_Paul_boosters_show_cancelled_after_FEC_complaint.html">"Ron Paul booster's show cancelled after FEC complaint"</a>. Politico. 25 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025214003/http://www.politico.com/blogs/onmedia/0811/Ron_Paul_boosters_show_cancelled_after_FEC_complaint.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Ron+Paul+booster%27s+show+cancelled+after+FEC+complaint&rft.date=2011-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fblogs%2Fonmedia%2F0811%2FRon_Paul_boosters_show_cancelled_after_FEC_complaint.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwald-258"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwald_258-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Greenwald" title="Glenn Greenwald">Glenn Greenwald</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2012/04/18/attacks_on_rt_and_assange_reveal_much_about_the_critics/">Attacks on RT and Assange reveal much about the critics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120906115129/http://www.salon.com/2012/04/18/attacks_on_rt_and_assange_reveal_much_about_the_critics/">Archived</a> 6 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Salon, 18 April 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-Scherr-259">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scherr_259-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scherr_259-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonia_Scherr2010" class="citation web cs1">Sonia Scherr (1 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2010/russian-tv-channel-pushes-patriot-conspiracy-theories">"Russian TV Channel Pushes 'Patriot' Conspiracy Theories"</a>. Intelligence Report, Southern Poverty Law Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809065125/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2010/russian-tv-channel-pushes-patriot-conspiracy-theories">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Intelligence+Report%2C+Southern+Poverty+Law+Center&rft.atitle=Russian+TV+Channel+Pushes+%27Patriot%27+Conspiracy+Theories&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.au=Sonia+Scherr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Ffighting-hate%2Fintelligence-report%2F2010%2Frussian-tv-channel-pushes-patriot-conspiracy-theories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrilleyGillespieWillis2019" class="citation journal cs1">Crilley, Rhys; Gillespie, Marie; Willis, Alistair (5 October 2019). "Tweeting the Russian revolution: RT's #1917LIVE and social media re-enactments as public diplomacy". European Journal of Cultural Studies. 23 (3): 354–373. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1367549419871353">10.1177/1367549419871353</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:210586923">210586923</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=Tweeting+the+Russian+revolution%3A+RT%27s+%231917LIVE+and+social+media+re-enactments+as+public+diplomacy&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=354-373&rft.date=2019-10-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1367549419871353&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A210586923%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Crilley&rft.aufirst=Rhys&rft.au=Gillespie%2C+Marie&rft.au=Willis%2C+Alistair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterje-DoodyTolz2019" class="citation journal cs1">Chatterje-Doody, Precious N; Tolz, Vera (14 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oro.open.ac.uk/67474/1/67474.pdf">"Regime legitimation, not nation-building: Media commemoration of the 1917 revolutions in Russia's neo-authoritarian state"</a> (PDF). European Journal of Cultural Studies. 23 (3): 335–353. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1367549419871346">10.1177/1367549419871346</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1367-5494">1367-5494</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:201330166">201330166</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200306091003/http://oro.open.ac.uk/67474/1/67474.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=Regime+legitimation%2C+not+nation-building%3A+Media+commemoration+of+the+1917+revolutions+in+Russia%27s+neo-authoritarian+state&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=335-353&rft.date=2019-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A201330166%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1367-5494&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1367549419871346&rft.aulast=Chatterje-Doody&rft.aufirst=Precious+N&rft.au=Tolz%2C+Vera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foro.open.ac.uk%2F67474%2F1%2F67474.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/shows/">"Shows – RT"</a>. RT International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404202747/https://www.rt.com/shows/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT+International&rft.atitle=Shows+%E2%80%93+RT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fshows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/about-us/history/">"History"</a>. RT. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308145813/https://www.rt.com/about-us/history/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sky-worldsApart-01a-264"><a href="#cite_ref-Sky-worldsApart-01a_264-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sky.com/watch/title/series/cdccb16c-6b36-4191-b4f1-9b26cccc812b/worlds-apart-with-oksana-boyko-cdccb16c-6b36-4191-b4f1-9b26cccc812b/episodes/season-0/episode-1">"Worlds Apart with Oksana Boyko"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sky.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky.com">Sky.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210729061509/https://www.sky.com/watch/title/series/cdccb16c-6b36-4191-b4f1-9b26cccc812b/worlds-apart-with-oksana-boyko-cdccb16c-6b36-4191-b4f1-9b26cccc812b/episodes/season-0/episode-1">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Worlds+Apart+with+Oksana+Boyko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sky.com%2Fwatch%2Ftitle%2Fseries%2Fcdccb16c-6b36-4191-b4f1-9b26cccc812b%2Fworlds-apart-with-oksana-boyko-cdccb16c-6b36-4191-b4f1-9b26cccc812b%2Fepisodes%2Fseason-0%2Fepisode-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RT_International-265">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RT_International_265-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RT_International_265-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rt.com/onair-talent/">"On-Air Talent – RT"</a>. RT International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205084953/https://www.rt.com/onair-talent/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT+International&rft.atitle=On-Air+Talent+%E2%80%93+RT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fonair-talent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205084953/https://www.rt.com/onair-talent/">"RT - Breaking News, Russia News, World News and Video"</a>. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RT+-+Breaking+News%2C+Russia+News%2C+World+News+and+Video&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rt.com%2Fonair-talent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Taddeï_quit-266">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taddeï_quit_266-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taddeï_quit_266-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoyPatri2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Goy, Héloïse; Patri, Alexis (23 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europe1.fr/medias-tele/frederic-taddei-quitte-son-emission-sur-rt-france-par-loyaute-envers-la-france-4095554">"Frédéric Taddeï quitte son émission sur RT France "par loyauté envers la France""</a> [Frédéric Taddeï leaves his show on RT France "out of loyalty to France"]. <a href="/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1">Europe 1</a> (in French). Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europe+1&rft.atitle=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric+Tadde%C3%AF+quitte+son+%C3%A9mission+sur+RT+France+%22par+loyaut%C3%A9+envers+la+France%22&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft.aulast=Goy&rft.aufirst=H%C3%A9lo%C3%AFse&rft.au=Patri%2C+Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europe1.fr%2Fmedias-tele%2Ffrederic-taddei-quitte-son-emission-sur-rt-france-par-loyaute-envers-la-france-4095554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sousa-267">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sousa_267-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sousa_267-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSousa2012" class="citation news cs1">Sousa, Ann De (26 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/listeningpost/2011/03/201132714649315858.html">"News channel or propaganda tool?"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120202121702/http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/listeningpost/2011/03/201132714649315858.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=News+channel+or+propaganda+tool%3F&rft.date=2012-01-26&rft.aulast=Sousa&rft.aufirst=Ann+De&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogrammes%2Flisteningpost%2F2011%2F03%2F201132714649315858.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/11/22/russia-today-continues-its-anti-israel-propaganda-going-even-further-than-arab-tv/">"Russia Today Continues its Anti-Israel Propaganda, Going Even Further Than Arab TV"</a>. the algemeiner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616160655/http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/11/22/russia-today-continues-its-anti-israel-propaganda-going-even-further-than-arab-tv/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2016. 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Retrieved 20 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=I+Love+the+Julian+Assange+Show%21&rft.date=2012-07-03&rft.au=Tracy+Quan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2012%2F07%2F03%2Fi-love-the-julian-assange-show.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/syrias-assad-does-not-see-civil-war-blames-the-west.html">Syria's Assad denies civil war, blames the West</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111234232/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/syrias-assad-does-not-see-civil-war-blames-the-west.html">Archived</a> 11 November 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, 9 November 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/mar/31/farage-i-admire-putin">"Nigel Farage: I admire Vladimir Putin"</a>. 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Retrieved 24 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+%22Firehose+of+Falsehood%22+Propaganda+Model&rft.pub=RAND+Corporation&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fpubs%2Fperspectives%2FPE198.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilsman2015" class="citation web cs1">Hilsman, Patrick (6 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seattleglobalist.com/2015/05/06/russia-today-rt-putin-holocaust-ultra-right/35844">"Have you been watching Russian government propaganda?"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Russian+Service&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0+MH17%3A+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%A1%D0%9C%D0%98&rft.date=2016-09-28&rft.aulast=Bugorkova&rft.aufirst=Olga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Frussian%2Ffeatures-37496581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchreck2019" class="citation web cs1">Schreck, Carl (15 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/when-russia-backed-forces-boasted-they-shot-down-a-ukrainian-military-plane-that-was-actually-mh17/30056279.html">"'Birdie' Down: The First, Damning Hours After MH17 Was Shot Out Of The Sky"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217180929/https://www.rferl.org/a/when-russia-backed-forces-boasted-they-shot-down-a-ukrainian-military-plane-that-was-actually-mh17/30056279.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=%27Birdie%27+Down%3A+The+First%2C+Damning+Hours+After+MH17+Was+Shot+Out+Of+The+Sky&rft.date=2019-07-15&rft.aulast=Schreck&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fwhen-russia-backed-forces-boasted-they-shot-down-a-ukrainian-military-plane-that-was-actually-mh17%2F30056279.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lifenews_136801-298"><a href="#cite_ref-lifenews_136801_298-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lifenews.ru/news/136801"><bdi lang="ru">Ополченцы сообщили о сбитом Ан-26 на востоке Украины</bdi></a>. LifeNews (in Russian). 17 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314090204/http://lifenews.ru/news/136801">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2014. <q>On July 17 near the village of Rassypnoye over the Torez city in Donetsk region an An-26 transport plane of Ukrainian Air Force was taken down, said the militia. According to them, the plane crashed somewhere near the "Progress" mine, away from residential areas. According to one of the militias, at about 17:30 local time an An-26 flew over the city. It was hit by a rocket, there was an explosion and the plane went to the ground, leaving a black smoke. Debris fell from the sky</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LifeNews&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%90%D0%BD-26+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B&rft.date=2014-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flifenews.ru%2Fnews%2F136801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRietjens2019" class="citation journal cs1">Rietjens, Sebastiaan (2 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23800992.2019.1695666">"Unraveling Disinformation: The Case of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17"</a>. The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs. 21 (3): 203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F23800992.2019.1695666">10.1080/23800992.2019.1695666</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2380-0992">2380-0992</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214368984">214368984</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131153949/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23800992.2019.1695666">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+Intelligence%2C+Security%2C+and+Public+Affairs&rft.atitle=Unraveling+Disinformation%3A+The+Case+of+Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+MH17&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=203&rft.date=2019-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214368984%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2380-0992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F23800992.2019.1695666&rft.aulast=Rietjens&rft.aufirst=Sebastiaan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F23800992.2019.1695666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadziwinowicz2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Radziwinowicz, Wacław (18 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wyborcza.pl/1,75477,16347795,Moskwa_obwinia_Ukraine.html?piano_t=1">"'Zamach na Putina', 'Ile odszkodowań zapłacą Ukraińcy' i zmiany w Wikipedii. Ofensywa propagandowa Moskwy"</a> ["The attempt on Putin", "How much compensation will pay Ukrainians" and changes in Wikipedia. Moscow's propaganda offensive]. Gazeta Wyborcza (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140727092141/http://wyborcza.pl/1,75477,16347795,Moskwa_obwinia_Ukraine.html?piano_t=1">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gazeta+Wyborcza&rft.atitle=%27Zamach+na+Putina%27%2C+%27Ile+odszkodowa%C5%84+zap%C5%82ac%C4%85+Ukrai%C5%84cy%27+i+zmiany+w+Wikipedii.+Ofensywa+propagandowa+Moskwy&rft.date=2014-07-18&rft.aulast=Radziwinowicz&rft.aufirst=Wac%C5%82aw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwyborcza.pl%2F1%2C75477%2C16347795%2CMoskwa_obwinia_Ukraine.html%3Fpiano_t%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzoldra2014" class="citation web cs1">Szoldra, Paul (18 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140720054152/http://www.businessinsider.co.id/rt-malaysia-airlines-ukraine-2014-7/">"Here's The Ridiculous Way Russia's Propaganda Channel Is Covering The Malaysia Airlines Crash"</a>. Business Insider. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.co.id/rt-malaysia-airlines-ukraine-2014-7/">the original</a> on 20 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Here%27s+The+Ridiculous+Way+Russia%27s+Propaganda+Channel+Is+Covering+The+Malaysia+Airlines+Crash&rft.date=2014-07-18&rft.aulast=Szoldra&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.co.id%2Frt-malaysia-airlines-ukraine-2014-7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCMonitoring-302"><a href="#cite_ref-BBCMonitoring_302-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnnis2014" class="citation news cs1">Ennis, Stephen (16 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30040363">"Russia's global media operation under the spotlight"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200421080945/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30040363">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+global+media+operation+under+the+spotlight&rft.date=2014-11-16&rft.aulast=Ennis&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-30040363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2014" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, Nick (8 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/08/russia-today-western-cynics-lap-up-putins-tv-poison">"Russia Today: why western cynics lap up Putin's TV poison"</a>. The Observer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210810092459/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/08/russia-today-western-cynics-lap-up-putins-tv-poison">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2021. <q>Russia Today's second mission is to spread conspiracy theories that help Russian power and provide sensational audience-grabbing stories – in every sense of the word.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Russia+Today%3A+why+western+cynics+lap+up+Putin%27s+TV+poison&rft.date=2014-11-08&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2014%2Fnov%2F08%2Frussia-today-western-cynics-lap-up-putins-tv-poison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamm2014" class="citation news cs1">Kamm, Oliver (31 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/we-cannot-allow-russia-today-to-get-away-with-its-lies-lk6t8tq6f69">"We cannot allow Russia Today to get away with its lies"</a>. The Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210810093636/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/we-cannot-allow-russia-today-to-get-away-with-its-lies-lk6t8tq6f69">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2021. <q>Ofcom should rigorously apply its own code to this den of deceivers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=We+cannot+allow+Russia+Today+to+get+away+with+its+lies&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft.aulast=Kamm&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fwe-cannot-allow-russia-today-to-get-away-with-its-lies-lk6t8tq6f69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-Holland-305"><a href="#cite_ref-Holland_305-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland2015" class="citation news cs1">Holland, Adam (8 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/07/08/russia-today-has-an-illuminati-correspondent-really.html?via=mobile&source=twitter">"Russia Today Has an Illuminati Correspondent. Really"</a>. Daily Beast. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710231506/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/07/08/russia-today-has-an-illuminati-correspondent-really.html?via=mobile&source=twitter">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Russia+Today+Has+an+Illuminati+Correspondent.+Really.&rft.date=2015-07-08&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2015%2F07%2F08%2Frussia-today-has-an-illuminati-correspondent-really.html%3Fvia%3Dmobile%26source%3Dtwitter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drezner-306"><a href="#cite_ref-Drezner_306-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrezner2015" class="citation news cs1">Drezner, Daniel W. (13 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/07/09/confessions-of-an-american-illuminati/?hpid=z3">"Confessions of an American Illuminati"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713024920/http://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/07/09/confessions-of-an-american-illuminati/?hpid=z3">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Confessions+of+an+American+Illuminati&rft.date=2015-03-13&rft.aulast=Drezner&rft.aufirst=Daniel+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fposteverything%2Fwp%2F2015%2F07%2F09%2Fconfessions-of-an-american-illuminati%2F%3Fhpid%3Dz3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euvsdisinfo.eu/inside-rts-world-of-alternative-news/">"Inside RT's world of alternative news"</a>. EU vs Disinformation. 13 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220510193015/https://euvsdisinfo.eu/inside-rts-world-of-alternative-news/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EU+vs+Disinformation&rft.atitle=Inside+RT%27s+world+of+alternative+news&rft.date=2017-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuvsdisinfo.eu%2Finside-rts-world-of-alternative-news%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euvsdisinfo.eu/everyone-against-russia-conspiracy-theories-on-the-rise-in-russian-media/">"Everyone Against Russia: Conspiracy Theories on the Rise In Russian Media"</a>. EU vs Disinformation. 22 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220915141148/https://euvsdisinfo.eu/everyone-against-russia-conspiracy-theories-on-the-rise-in-russian-media/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EU+vs+Disinformation&rft.atitle=Everyone+Against+Russia%3A+Conspiracy+Theories+on+the+Rise+In+Russian+Media&rft.date=2018-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuvsdisinfo.eu%2Feveryone-against-russia-conspiracy-theories-on-the-rise-in-russian-media%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/29/world/europe/russia-sweden-disinformation.html">"A Powerful Russian Weapon: The Spread of False Stories"</a>. The New York Times. 28 August 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180618150336/https://mobile.nytimes.com/2016/08/29/world/europe/russia-sweden-disinformation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Powerful+Russian+Weapon%3A+The+Spread+of+False+Stories&rft.date=2016-08-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F08%2F29%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-sweden-disinformation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimberg2016" class="citation news cs1">Timberg, Craig (24 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/russian-propaganda-effort-helped-spread-fake-news-during-election-experts-say/2016/11/24/793903b6-8a40-4ca9-b712-716af66098fe_story.html">"Russian propaganda effort helped spread 'fake news' during election, experts say"</a>. The Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162008/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/russian-propaganda-effort-helped-spread-fake-news-during-election-experts-say/2016/11/24/793903b6-8a40-4ca9-b712-716af66098fe_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2018. <q>Some of these stories originated with RT and Sputnik, state-funded Russian information services that mimic the style and tone of independent news organizations yet sometimes include false and misleading stories in their reports, the researchers say. On other occasions, RT, Sputnik and other Russian sites used social-media accounts to amplify misleading stories already circulating online, causing news algorithms to identify them as "trending" topics that sometimes prompted coverage from mainstream American news organizations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Russian+propaganda+effort+helped+spread+%27fake+news%27+during+election%2C+experts+say&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Timberg&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Frussian-propaganda-effort-helped-spread-fake-news-during-election-experts-say%2F2016%2F11%2F24%2F793903b6-8a40-4ca9-b712-716af66098fe_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poynter-2017-311">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poynter-2017_311-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poynter-2017_311-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2017/is-russia-today-a-legitimate-fact-checker-we-did-the-math/">"Is Russia Today a legitimate fact-checker? We did the math"</a>. Poynter. 27 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215223946/https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2017/is-russia-today-a-legitimate-fact-checker-we-did-the-math/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poynter&rft.atitle=Is+Russia+Today+a+legitimate+fact-checker%3F+We+did+the+math.&rft.date=2017-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poynter.org%2Ffact-checking%2F2017%2Fis-russia-today-a-legitimate-fact-checker-we-did-the-math%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero2022" class="citation web cs1">Romero, Luiz (8 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/article/2022/aug/08/how-war-fakes-uses-fact-checking-spread-pro-russia/">"How 'War on Fakes' uses fact-checking to spread pro-Russia propaganda"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610035826/https://www.politifact.com/article/2022/aug/08/how-war-fakes-uses-fact-checking-spread-pro-russia/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 25 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PolitiFact&rft.atitle=How+%27War+on+Fakes%27+uses+fact-checking+to+spread+pro-Russia+propaganda&rft.date=2022-08-08&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Luiz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politifact.com%2Farticle%2F2022%2Faug%2F08%2Fhow-war-fakes-uses-fact-checking-spread-pro-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://khpg.org/en/1405478412">"Russia Today's "Genocide in Eastern Ukraine": Sick, distorted and deleted"</a>. 15 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819053348/https://khpg.org/en/1405478412">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+Today%27s+%22Genocide+in+Eastern+Ukraine%22%3A+Sick%2C+distorted+and+deleted&rft.date=2014-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkhpg.org%2Fen%2F1405478412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennetts2017" class="citation news cs1">Bennetts, Marc (9 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/08/high-steaks-the-vladimir-putin-birthday-burger-that-never-existed">"High steaks: the Vladimir Putin birthday burger that never existed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921231937/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/08/high-steaks-the-vladimir-putin-birthday-burger-that-never-existed">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=High+steaks%3A+the+Vladimir+Putin+birthday+burger+that+never+existed&rft.date=2017-10-09&rft.aulast=Bennetts&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Foct%2F08%2Fhigh-steaks-the-vladimir-putin-birthday-burger-that-never-existed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://khpg.org/en/1405478412">"Russia Today's "Genocide in Eastern Ukraine": Sick, distorted and deleted"</a>. 16 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819053348/https://khpg.org/en/1405478412">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+Today%27s+%22Genocide+in+Eastern+Ukraine%22%3A+Sick%2C+distorted+and+deleted&rft.date=2014-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkhpg.org%2Fen%2F1405478412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://democratic-integrity.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/RT_in_Europe_and_beyond-CDI_Report.pdf">"RT in Europe and beyond"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220914115733/https://democratic-integrity.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/RT_in_Europe_and_beyond-CDI_Report.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RT+in+Europe+and+beyond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemocratic-integrity.eu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F09%2FRT_in_Europe_and_beyond-CDI_Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeir2007" class="citation web cs1">Weir, Fred (8 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0308/p07s02-woeu.html">"Russian bid to counter Western criticism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a>. Moscow. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201193903/http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0308/p07s02-woeu.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Russian+bid+to+counter+Western+criticism&rft.date=2007-03-08&rft.aulast=Weir&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2007%2F0308%2Fp07s02-woeu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> Masha Karp <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standpointmag.co.uk/node/2709">"Counterpoints: KGB TV"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120525143432/http://standpointmag.co.uk/node/2709">Archived</a> 25 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Standpoint, March 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirchick-319"><a href="#cite_ref-Kirchick_319-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirchick2009" class="citation news cs1">Kirchick, James (18 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/pravda-the-potomac">"Pravda on the Potomac (page 2)"</a>. The New Republic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016155148/http://www.newrepublic.com/article/pravda-the-potomac">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=Pravda+on+the+Potomac+%28page+2%29&rft.date=2009-02-18&rft.aulast=Kirchick&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2Fpravda-the-potomac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent.co.uk-320"><a href="#cite_ref-independent.co.uk_320-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2012" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Shaun (26 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/assange-takes-chatshow-job-with-statefunded-russian-tv-6294553.html">"Assange takes chat-show job with state-funded Russian TV"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925185629/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/assange-takes-chatshow-job-with-statefunded-russian-tv-6294553.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 10 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Assange+takes+chat-show+job+with+state-funded+Russian+TV&rft.date=2012-01-26&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fassange-takes-chatshow-job-with-statefunded-russian-tv-6294553.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/04/26/youtube-recommended-russian-media-site-above-all-others-analysis-mueller-report-watchdog-group-says/">"YouTube recommended a Russian media site thousands of times for analysis of Mueller's report, a watchdog group says"</a>. The Washington Post. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426161050/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/04/26/youtube-recommended-russian-media-site-above-all-others-analysis-mueller-report-watchdog-group-says/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=YouTube+recommended+a+Russian+media+site+thousands+of+times+for+analysis+of+Mueller%27s+report%2C+a+watchdog+group+says&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2019%2F04%2F26%2Fyoutube-recommended-russian-media-site-above-all-others-analysis-mueller-report-watchdog-group-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSigov2020" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sigov, Yuri (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44263533">"Канада в Российских Сми: Мифы и Реалии"</a> [Canada in the Russian Media: Myths and Realities]. Россия и Канада: Возможности для сотрудничества (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University_of_Economics" title="Saint Petersburg State University of Economics">Saint Petersburg State University of Economics</a>: 110 – via eLibrary.Ru.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%3A+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%3A+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pages=110&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Sigov&rft.aufirst=Yuri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felibrary.ru%2Fitem.asp%3Fid%3D44263533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-israel-methods-323"><a href="#cite_ref-israel-methods_323-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRachel_Hirshfeld2013" class="citation news cs1">Rachel Hirshfeld (4 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125458/https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/164876">"Russia Today Accuses Israel of Using 'Hitler Methods'"</a>. Israel National News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/164876">the original</a> on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+National+News&rft.atitle=Russia+Today+Accuses+Israel+of+Using+%27Hitler+Methods%27&rft.date=2013-02-04&rft.au=Rachel+Hirshfeld&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F164876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rt-anti-israel-324"><a href="#cite_ref-rt-anti-israel_324-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakkana_Nanayakkara2012" class="citation news cs1">Lakkana Nanayakkara (22 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/11/22/russia-today-continues-its-anti-israel-propaganda-going-even-further-than-arab-tv/">"Russia Today Continues its Anti-Israel Propaganda, Going Even Further Than Arab TV"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Algemeiner" class="mw-redirect" title="The Algemeiner">The Algemeiner</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/putin-awards-journalists-for-objective-crimea-coverage/499441.html">the original</a> on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Putin+Awards+Journalists+for+%27Objective%27+Crimea+Coverage&rft.date=2014-05-05&rft.aulast=Nechepurenko&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft.au=Brennan%2C+Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fputin-awards-journalists-for-objective-crimea-coverage%2F499441.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-434"><a href="#cite_ref-434">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaul2014" class="citation web cs1">Saul, Heather (6 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-crisis-putin-awards-prokremlin-journalists-medals-for-their-objective-coverage-of-crimea-9325664.html">"Ukraine crisis: Putin awards pro-Kremlin journalists medals for their 'objective coverage' of Crimea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Retrieved 25 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+Putin+awards+pro-Kremlin+journalists+medals+for+their+%27objective+coverage%27+of+Crimea&rft.date=2014-05-06&rft.aulast=Saul&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-crisis-putin-awards-prokremlin-journalists-medals-for-their-objective-coverage-of-crimea-9325664.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-435"><a href="#cite_ref-435">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518085948/http://www.iemmys.tv/news_item.aspx?id=185">"2014 International Emmy® Awards Current Affairs & News Nominees Announced"</a>. International Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iemmys.tv/news_item.aspx?id=185">the original</a> on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Academy+of+Television+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=2014+International+Emmy%C2%AE+Awards+Current+Affairs+%26+News+Nominees+Announced&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iemmys.tv%2Fnews_item.aspx%3Fid%3D185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-436"><a href="#cite_ref-436">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170415200552/https://www.iemmys.tv/news_item.aspx?id=210">"2016 International Emmy® Awards for News & Current Affairs Announced"</a>. International Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iemmys.tv/news_item.aspx?id=210">the original</a> on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Academy+of+Television+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=2016+International+Emmy%C2%AE+Awards+for+News+%26+Current+Affairs+Announced&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iemmys.tv%2Fnews_item.aspx%3Fid%3D210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" 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href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina">BHRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Radio" title="Bulgarian National Radio">BNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">BNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Radio" title="Czech Radio">ČRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television" title="Czech Television">ČT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation">CyBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_(broadcaster)" title="DR (broadcaster)">DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Algeria" title="Radio Algeria">ENRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Establishment_of_Television" title="Public Establishment of Television">EPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling" title="Eesti Rahvusringhääling">ERR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Raadio" title="Eesti Raadio">ER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Televisioon" title="Eesti Televisioon">ETV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_100,7" title="Radio 100,7">ERSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">ERT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Radio" title="Hellenic Radio">ERA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Public_Broadcaster" title="Georgian Public Broadcaster">GPB</a></li> <li>GRF <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_M%C3%A9dias_Monde" title="France Médias Monde">FMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions" title="France Télévisions">FTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">RF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">HRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radio" title="Croatian Radio">HR</a></li></ul></li> <li>İCTI <ul><li>İR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ctimai_Television" title="İctimai Television">İTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Jordan Radio and Television Corporation">JRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation">KAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_National_Channel" title="Libya National Channel">LNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">LSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Radio" title="Latvijas Radio">LR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Television" title="Latvian Television">LTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Media_Diffusion" title="Monaco Media Diffusion">MMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Radio_Television" title="Macedonian Radio Television">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTVA_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTVA (Hungary)">MTVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna_M%C3%A9dia" title="Duna Média">Duna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Publieke_Omroep_(organisation)" title="Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organisation)">NPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AVROTROS" title="AVROTROS">AVROTROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNNVARA" title="BNNVARA">BNNVARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelische_Omroep" title="Evangelische Omroep">EO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistische_Omroep" title="Humanistische Omroep">HUMAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRO-NCRV" title="KRO-NCRV">KRO-NCRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_MAX" title="Omroep MAX">MAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_NTR" title="Omroep NTR">NTR</a></li> <li>ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowNed" title="PowNed">PowNed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stichting_Ether_Reclame" class="mw-redirect" title="Stichting Ether Reclame">Ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPRO" title="VPRO">VPRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNL_(broadcaster)" title="WNL (broadcaster)">WNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_Zwart" title="Omroep Zwart">Zwart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Media_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="National Media Authority">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Services" title="Public Broadcasting Services">PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">ROR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTBF" title="RTBF">RTBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Montenegro" title="Radio and Television of Montenegro">RTCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia" title="Radio Television of Serbia">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">RTSH</a></li> <li>RTT <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Tunisienne" title="Radio Tunisienne">RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Tunisienne" title="Télévision Tunisienne">TT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Andorra" title="Radio and Television of Andorra">RTVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España">RNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelevizija_Slovenija" title="Radiotelevizija Slovenija">RTVSLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%9AV" title="RÚV">RÚV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_RTV" title="San Marino RTV">SMRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNRT" title="SNRT">SNRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Swiss Broadcasting Corporation">SRG SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Management_for_SR,_SVT,_and_UR" title="Foundation Management for SR, SVT, and UR">SRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Educational_Broadcasting_Company" title="Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company">UR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Television_and_Radio" title="Slovak Television and Radio">STVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspilne" title="Suspilne">SU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9diffusion_d%27Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Télédiffusion d'Algérie">TDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9_Liban" title="Télé Liban">TL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleradio-Moldova" title="Teleradio-Moldova">TRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVMonaco" title="TVMonaco">TVM</a> <abbr title="Monaco">(MC)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Denmark)">TV 2</a> <abbr title="Denmark">(DK)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_Group" title="TV 2 Group">TV 2</a> <abbr title="Norway">(NO)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR_(TV_network)" title="TVR (TV network)">TVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">UKIB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRT_(broadcaster)" title="VRT (broadcaster)">VRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belteleradio" title="Belteleradio">BTRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">C1R</a></li> <li>RDO <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mayak" title="Radio Mayak">MK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Orpheus" title="Radio Orpheus">OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antena_3_Radio" title="Antena 3 Radio">A3R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">C+</a></li> <li>C1O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_COPE" title="Cadena COPE">COPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocentre" title="Radiocentre">CRCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television#1953–1992:_Czechoslovak_Television" title="Czech Television">ČST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERTT" title="ERTT">ERTT</a></li> <li>GRMC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RMC_(France)" title="RMC (France)">RMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMC_(TV_channel)" title="TMC (TV channel)">TMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <abbr title="United Kingdom">(GB)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <abbr title="Israel">(IL)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">ITA</a></li> <li>ITCA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">JRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Jamahiriya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation">LJBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Malta" title="Television in Malta">MBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV3" title="MTV3">MTV</a> <abbr title="Finland">(FI)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">MTV</a> <abbr title="Hungary">(HU)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hellenic_Radio,_Internet_and_Television" title="New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television">NERIT</a></li> <li>OFRT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_de_Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française">ORTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française">RTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Slovakia" title="Radio and Television of Slovakia">RTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_SER" title="Cadena SER">SER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%BD_rozhlas" title="Slovenský rozhlas">SRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_telev%C3%ADzia" title="Slovenská televízia">STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDF_Group" title="TDF Group">TDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La7" title="La7">TMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV4_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="TV4 (Swedish TV channel)">TV4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udru%C5%BEenje_javnih_radija_i_televizija" title="Udruženje javnih radija i televizija">UJRT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> <abbr title="Australia">(AU)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> <abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></li> <li>ACORAB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">APM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_13_(Chilean_TV_network)" title="Canal 13 (Chilean TV network)">C13</a> <abbr title="Chile">(CL)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC/SRC</a> <abbr title="Canada">(CA)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">CMG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">CCTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">CNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">CRI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Padre_Anchieta" title="Fundação Padre Anchieta">FPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeTV_Australia" title="FreeTV Australia">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Institute_of_Radio_and_Television" title="Cuban Institute of Radio and Television">ICRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">IRIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabar_Agency" title="Khabar Agency">KA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <abbr title="Mauritius">(MU)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Television" title="Bangladesh Television">NBAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> <abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Organization_of_Radio_and_TV_(Syria)" title="General Organization of Radio and TV (Syria)">ORTAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Oman_Television" title="Sultanate of Oman Television">PART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustavi_2" title="Rustavi 2">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">RNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Media_Group" title="Shanghai Media Group">SMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBS_Holdings" title="TBS Holdings">TBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imedi_Media_Holding" title="Imedi Media Holding">TEME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVNZ" title="TVNZ">TVNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMT" title="WFMT">WFMT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teleamazonas" title="Teleamazonas">4TA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABERT" title="ABERT">ABERT</a></li> <li>AFMN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="América Televisión">AMÉRICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Asahi" title="TV Asahi">ANB</a></li> <li>ATEC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Television" title="Asia Television">ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNS-TV" title="ZNS-TV">BCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_P%C3%BAblica" title="Televisión Pública">C7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledoce" title="Teledoce">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Trece" title="El Trece">C13</a> <abbr title="Argentina">(AR)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <abbr title="Barbados">(BB)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <abbr title="Sri Lanka">(LK)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Uno" title="Azteca Uno">CMRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">CPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1rios_Associados" title="Diários Associados">DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">EBC</a></li> <li>EMI</li> <li>EURT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Television" title="Fuji Television">FTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Ghana Broadcasting Corporation">GBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Communications_Network,_Guyana" title="National Communications Network, Guyana">GBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Globo" title="TV Globo">GLOBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Radio_%26_Television_Service" title="Gambia Radio & Television Service">GRTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Broadcasting_Bureau" title="International Broadcasting Bureau">IBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inravisi%C3%B3n" title="Inravisión">IRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation">JBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeem_TV" title="Jeem TV">JCC</a></li> <li>IBTE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Television" title="Kuwait Television">KBTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaata_Radioa" title="Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa">KNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_Broadcasting_System" title="Liberia Broadcasting System">LBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Malawi Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <abbr title="Malawi">(MW)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <abbr title="South Korea">(KR)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System" title="Mainichi Broadcasting System">MBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">MPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Consortium" title="Japan Consortium">NACB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Educational Broadcasters">NAEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Corporation_of_Nigeria" title="Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria">NBC</a> <abbr title="Nigeria">(NG)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Corporation_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Broadcasting Corporation of Papua New Guinea">NBC</a> <abbr title="Papua New Guinea">(PNG)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon TV">NTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Television" title="Nepal Television">NTVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Radio" title="New York Public Radio">NYPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Radio_and_Television_of_Niger" title="Office of Radio and Television of Niger">ORTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamericana_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Panamericana Televisión">PANTEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">PBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">PTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Radio" title="Qatar Radio">QR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Television" title="Qatar Television">QTBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Caracas_Radio" title="Radio Caracas Radio">RCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a></li> <li>RD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rede_de_Emissoras_Independentes" title="Rede de Emissoras Independentes">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Nacional" title="Rádio Nacional">RN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Nationale_Tchadienne" title="Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne">RNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">RP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">RRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Congolaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Congolaise">RTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Gabonaise" title="Radio Télévision Gabonaise">RTG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Television_Ivoirienne" title="Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne">RTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Malagasy" title="Télévision Malagasy">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9galaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_du_Burkina" title="Radio Télévision du Burkina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC" title="SABC">SABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Saudi Broadcasting Authority">SABTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">SLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_TV" title="Sudan TV">STS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Latina Televisión">T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation">TBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico#1968-70:_Telecadena_Mexicana" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_FM" title="Tokyo FM">TFM/JOAU-FM</a></li> <li>TH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Life_Television" title="Time Life Television">TIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesistema_Mexicano" title="Telesistema Mexicano">TSM</a></li> <li>TSN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">TVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">TVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_of_Mauritania" title="Television of Mauritania">TVM</a> <abbr title="Mauritania">(MR)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">TVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">TVRI</a></li> <li>UAERTVD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">USIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Kenya Broadcasting Corporation">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">VV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_nationale_congolaise" title="Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise">VZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGBH_Educational_Foundation" title="WGBH Educational Foundation">WGBH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation">ZBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approved participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalunya_R%C3%A0dio" title="Catalunya Ràdio">CAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellnex" title="Cellnex">Cellnex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">INA</a></li> <li>JPMRD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Vojvodina" title="Radio Television of Vojvodina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abertis" title="Abertis">Abertis</a></li> <li>AH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Educational_Television" title="Israeli Educational Television">IETV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_Group" title="MBC Group">MEBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retevisi%C3%B3n" title="Retevisión">RETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">RTRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">SNTC</a></li> <li>URTI</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Freeview" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Freeview" title="Template:Freeview"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Freeview" title="Template talk:Freeview"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Freeview" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Freeview"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Freeview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4seven" title="4seven">4seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5Action" title="5Action">5Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5Select" title="5Select">5Select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5Star" title="5Star">5Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5USA" title="5USA">5USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arise_News" title="Arise News">Arise News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_One_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC One HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Two HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Three_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Three HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Four_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Four HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Alba" title="BBC Alba">BBC Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">BBC Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Parliament" title="BBC Parliament">BBC Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaze_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blaze (TV channel)">Blaze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaze_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blaze (TV channel)">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">CBBC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 4 HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">Channel 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMAX_(British_TV_channel)" title="DMAX (British TV channel)">DMAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E4_Extra" title="E4 Extra">E4 Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_News" title="GB News">GB News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gems_TV" title="Gems TV">Gems TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great!_TV" title="Great! TV">Great! TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great!_TV" title="Great! TV">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great!_Action" title="Great! Action">Great! Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great!_Movies" title="Great! Movies">Great! Movies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great!_Movies" title="Great! Movies">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great!_Romance" title="Great! Romance">Great! Romance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great!_Romance" title="Great! Romance">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HGTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="HGTV (British and Irish TV channel)">HGTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideal_World" title="Ideal World">Ideal World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">ITV1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV1_HD" title="ITV1 HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV2" title="ITV2">ITV2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV2" title="ITV2">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV3" title="ITV3">ITV3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITV3" title="ITV3">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV4" title="ITV4">ITV4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITVBe" title="ITVBe">ITVBe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TJC_(TV_channel)" title="TJC (TV channel)">The Jewellery Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_(television_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legend (television channel)">Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBS_America" title="PBS America">PBS America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Pop (British and Irish TV channel)">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Max" title="Pop Max">Pop Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Player" title="Pop Player">Pop Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(British_TV_channel)" title="Quest (British TV channel)">Quest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(British_TV_channel)" title="Quest (British TV channel)">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_Red" title="Quest Red">Quest Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QVC_(British_TV_channel)" title="QVC (British TV channel)">QVC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QVC_(British_TV_channel)" title="QVC (British TV channel)">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QVC_(British_TV_channel)#QVC2" title="QVC (British TV channel)">QVC2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_(TV_channel)" title="Really (TV channel)">Really</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_One" title="RTÉ One">RTÉ One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%892" title="RTÉ2">RTÉ2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Arts" title="Sky Arts">Sky Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Mix" title="Sky Mix">Sky Mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">STV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_Pictures_TV" title="Talking Pictures TV">Talking Pictures TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">TBN UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV" title="That's TV">That's TV UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV_2" class="mw-redirect" title="That's TV 2">That's TV 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV#Music_channels" title="That's TV">That's Melody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV#Music_channels" title="That's TV">That's Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV#Music_channels" title="That's TV">That's TV 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Together_TV" title="Together TV">Together TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Crime_(AMC_Networks)" title="True Crime (AMC Networks)">True Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Crime_Xtra" title="True Crime Xtra">True Crime Xtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Dave" title="U&Dave">U&Dave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U%26Dave" title="U&Dave">ja vu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Drama" title="U&Drama">U&Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U%26Drama" title="U&Drama">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Eden" title="U&Eden">U&Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26W" title="U&W">U&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%26Yesterday" title="U&Yesterday">U&Yesterday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U%26Yesterday" title="U&Yesterday">+1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">UTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">+1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">HD</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Asian_Network" title="BBC Asian Network">BBC Asian Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1Xtra" title="BBC Radio 1Xtra">BBC Radio 1Xtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Sports_Extra" title="BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra">BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_6_Music" title="BBC Radio 6 Music">BBC Radio 6 Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru" title="BBC Radio Cymru">BBC Radio Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru_2" title="BBC Radio Cymru 2">BBC Radio Cymru 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Foyle" title="BBC Radio Foyle">BBC Radio Foyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_G%C3%A0idheal" title="BBC Radio nan Gàidheal">BBC Radio nan Gàidheal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland" title="BBC Radio Scotland">BBC Radio Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Ulster" title="BBC Radio Ulster">BBC Radio Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Wales" title="BBC Radio Wales">BBC Radio Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(radio_network)" title="Capital (radio network)">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_(radio_network)" title="Heart (radio network)">Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">LBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_Christian_Radio" title="Premier Christian Radio">Premier Christian Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNIB_Connect_Radio" title="RNIB Connect Radio">RNIB Connect Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Raidi%C3%B3_na_Gaeltachta" title="RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta">RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Radio_(2014)" title="Smooth Radio (2014)">Smooth Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talksport" title="Talksport">Talksport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TWR-UK" title="TWR-UK">Trans World Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Latest TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Television_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Television Limited">Local Television Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Live_(TV_channel)" title="London Live (TV channel)">London Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notts_TV" title="Notts TV">Notts TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVTV" title="NVTV">NVTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Live" title="Sheffield Live">Sheffield Live TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_TV" title="That's TV">That's TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streamed channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Channelbox (<a href="/wiki/Africanews" title="Africanews">Africanews</a>/<a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a>/<a href="/wiki/FashionTV" title="FashionTV">FashionTV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Qello" title="Qello">Qello</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hellenic_TV" title="Hellenic TV">Hellenic TV</a>)</li> <li>On Demand 365</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_TV_Network" title="Vision TV Network">Vision TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brit_Asia_TV" title="Brit Asia TV">Brit Asia TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spotlight_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Spotlight TV">Spotlight TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sports_Tonight_Live" title="Sports Tonight Live">Sports Tonight</a>/<a href="/wiki/Three_Angels_Broadcasting_Network" title="Three Angels Broadcasting Network">3ABN</a>/<a href="/wiki/JML_Direct_TV" title="JML Direct TV">JML Direct</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue television in the United Kingdom">Analogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">Analogue terrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television#United_Kingdom" title="Cable television">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital television in the United Kingdom">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">Digital terrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-definition television in the United Kingdom">High-definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPTV" class="mw-redirect" title="IPTV">IPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_television" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Satellite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Freeview_UK" title="History of Freeview UK">History of Freeview UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="RT_·_RT_America_·_RT_UK_programs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:RT_programs" title="Template:RT programs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RT_programs" title="Template talk:RT programs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RT_programs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:RT programs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="RT_·_RT_America_·_RT_UK_programs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RT</a> · <a href="/wiki/RT_America" title="RT America">RT America</a> · <a href="/wiki/RT_UK" title="RT UK">RT UK</a> programs</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keiser_Report" title="Keiser Report">Keiser Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrossTalk" title="CrossTalk">CrossTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(television_programme)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sputnik (television programme)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alex_Salmond_Show" title="The Alex Salmond Show">The Alex Salmond Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_King_Now" title="Larry King Now">Larry King Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politicking_with_Larry_King" title="Politicking with Larry King">Politicking with Larry King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alyona_Show" title="The Alyona Show">The Alyona Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Tomorrow" title="World Tomorrow">World Tomorrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_the_Set" class="mw-redirect" title="Breaking the Set">Breaking the Set</a></li> <li>News with Ed Schultz</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Television_in_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Television_in_Russia" title="Template:Television in Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Television_in_Russia" title="Template talk:Television in Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Television_in_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Television in Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Television_in_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Russia" title="Television in Russia">Television in Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broadcasting and regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Digital_Development,_Communications_and_Mass_Media_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media (Russia)">Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Satellite_Communications_Company" title="Russian Satellite Communications Company">Russian Satellite Communications Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostankino_Technical_Center" title="Ostankino Technical Center">Ostankino Technical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Scientific-Research_Television_Institute" title="Moscow Scientific-Research Television Institute">Moscow Scientific-Research Television Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_Research_Institute_of_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting" title="All-Russian Research Institute of Television and Radio Broadcasting">All-Russian Research Institute of Television and Radio Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprom_Space_Systems" title="Gazprom Space Systems">Gazprom Space Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbita_(TV_system)" title="Orbita (TV system)">Orbita broadcasting system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Television_and_Radio_Fund" title="State Television and Radio Fund">State Television and Radio Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">Terrestrial Nationwide Digital Broadcasting Program</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First Multiplex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">Channel 1</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia-1" title="Russia-1">Channel 2</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_TV" title="Match TV">Channel 3</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">Channel 4</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5TV_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="5TV (Russian TV channel)">Channel 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia-K" title="Russia-K">Channel 6</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia-24" title="Russia-24">Channel 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carousel_(TV_channel)" title="Carousel (TV channel)">Channel 8</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_of_Russia" title="Public Television of Russia">Channel 9</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Centre_(Russia)" title="TV Centre (Russia)">Channel 10</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesti_FM" title="Vesti FM">Radio 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mayak" title="Radio Mayak">Radio 2</a>5.1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Rossii" title="Radio Rossii">Radio 3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second Multiplex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/REN_TV" title="REN TV">Channel 11</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spas_(TV_channel)" title="Spas (TV channel)">Channel 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS_(TV_channel)" title="STS (TV channel)">Channel 13</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domashny" title="Domashny">Channel 14</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV-3_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV-3 (Russia)">Channel 15</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday!" title="Friday!">Channel 16</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(TV_channel)" title="Zvezda (TV channel)">Channel 17</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(television_company)" title="Mir (television company)">Channel 18</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNT_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="TNT (Russian TV channel)">Channel 19</a>HD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muz-TV" title="Muz-TV">Channel 20</a>HD</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terrestrial and Analog Broadcasting or Nationwide channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia-1" title="Russia-1">Russia-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia-24" title="Russia-24">Russia-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia-K" title="Russia-K">Russia-K</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gazprom-Media" title="Gazprom-Media">Gazprom-Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NTV_(Russia)" title="NTV (Russia)">NTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_TV" title="Match TV">Match!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNT_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="TNT (Russian TV channel)">TNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV-3_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV-3 (Russia)">TV-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday!" title="Friday!">Pyatnitsa!</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_(Russian_TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Super (Russian TV channel) (page does not exist)">Subbota!</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TNT4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TNT4 (page does not exist)">TNT4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National Media Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/REN_TV" title="REN TV">REN TV</a> (82%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5TV_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="5TV (Russian TV channel)">Channel Five</a> (72,4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One</a> (19,5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/STS_(TV_channel)" title="STS (TV channel)">CTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domashny" title="Domashny">Domashny</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Che (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Che</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media-1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muz-TV" title="Muz-TV">Muz-TV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U_(Russian_TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U (Russian TV channel) (page does not exist)">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solntse_(TV_channel)" title="Solntse (TV channel)">Solntse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other state-owned channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carousel_(TV_channel)" title="Carousel (TV channel)">Carousel</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="TV Center">TV Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_of_Russia" title="Public Television of Russia">OTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(television_company)" title="Mir (television company)">MIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spas_(TV_channel)" title="Spas (TV channel)">Spas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(TV_channel)" title="Zvezda (TV channel)">Zvezda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cable/ Satellite/ IPTV/ OTT</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RTR-Planeta" title="RTR-Planeta">RTR-Planeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(TV_presenter)" title="Vladimir Solovyov (TV presenter)">Solovyov Live</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Planet_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="My Planet (TV channel)">My Planet</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Live_Planet_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Live Planet (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Live Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauka_2.0_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nauka 2.0 (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Nauka</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctor_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doctor (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Doctor</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_(Russian_TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History (Russian TV channel) (page does not exist)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T24_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T24 (TV channel) (page does not exist)">T24</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Roman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Roman (page does not exist)">Russian Roman</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Bestseller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Bestseller (page does not exist)">Russian Bestseller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Detective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Detective (page does not exist)">Russian Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komediya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komediya (page does not exist)">Komediya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosfilm" title="Mosfilm">Mosfilm. Gold collection</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kino_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kino TV (page does not exist)">Kino TV</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarafan_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarafan (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Sarafan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NST_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NST (TV channel) (page does not exist)">NST</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strashnoe_HD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strashnoe HD (page does not exist)">Strashnoe HD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FAN_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FAN (TV channel) (page does not exist)">FAN</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mama_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mama (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Mama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multimuzyka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multimuzyka (page does not exist)">Multimuzyka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinomult&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinomult (page does not exist)">Kinomult</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mult&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mult (page does not exist)">Mult</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ani_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ani (TV channel) (page does not exist)">ANI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RT English</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_DE" title="RT DE">RT DE</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_Documentary" title="RT Documentary">RTD Russian</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_Documentary" title="RT Documentary">RTD English</a> (HD)1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_France" title="RT France">RT French</a> (HD)1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="RT Spanish">RT Spanish</a> (HD)1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_Arabic" title="RT Arabic">RT Arabic</a> (HD)1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gazprom-Media" title="Gazprom-Media">Gazprom-Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>GPM Entertainment TV <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%C3%972_(TV_channel)" title="2×2 (TV channel)">2x2</a></li></ul></li> <li>GPM Information TV <ul><li>NTV Style</li> <li>NTV Pravo</li> <li>NTV Serial</li> <li>NTV Hit</li> <li>Neizvestnaya Rossiya</li></ul></li> <li>GPM Movies and Thematic TV <ul><li>Kinopremiera (HD)</li> <li>Kinohit (HD)</li> <li>Kinosemiya (HD)</li> <li>Muzhskoe Kino (HD)</li> <li>Kinosvidanie (HD)</li> <li>Kinomiks</li> <li>Nashe novoe kino</li> <li>Rodnoe Kino</li> <li>Kinokomediya</li> <li>Indiyskoe kino</li> <li>Kinoseriya (HD)</li> <li>Kinouzhas (HD)</li> <li>Kuhnya (HD)</li> <li>HDL (HD)</li> <li>365 Dney (HD)</li> <li>La Minor</li> <li>Russkaya Noch (HD)</li> <li>Auto Plus (HD)</li> <li>KVN TV</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europa_Plus_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europa Plus TV (page does not exist)">Europa Plus TV</a> (HD)</li> <li>India (HD)</li> <li>Saga TV (HD)</li> <li>Zhivi! (HD)</li> <li>Supergeroi (HD)</li> <li>MMA TV</li></ul></li> <li>GPM Match! <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Planeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Planeta (page does not exist)">Match! Planeta</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match!_Arena" title="Match! Arena">Match! Arena</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match!_Game" title="Match! Game">Match! Igra</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Strana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Strana (page does not exist)">Match! Strana</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Boets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Boets (page does not exist)">Match! Boets</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Premier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Premier (page does not exist)">Match! Premier</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Football_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Football 1 (page does not exist)">Match! Football 1</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Football_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Football 2 (page does not exist)">Match! Football 2</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Match!_Football_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Match! Football 3 (page does not exist)">Match! Football 3</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHL" class="mw-redirect" title="KHL">KHL</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHL" class="mw-redirect" title="KHL">KHL Prime</a> (HD)</li> <li>Konnyi Mir (HD)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National Media Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Izvestia (branded as "iz") (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CTC_Love&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CTC Love (page does not exist)">CTC Love</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CTC_Kids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CTC Kids (page does not exist)">CTC Kids</a> (HD)</li> <li>78 (HD)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">Channel One</a> (19,5%)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dom_Kino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dom Kino (page does not exist)">Dom Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dom_Kino_Premium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dom Kino Premium (page does not exist)">Dom Kino Premium</a> (HD)</li> <li>Muzika Pervogo</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vremya_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vremya (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Vremya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecafe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecafe (page does not exist)">Telecafe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bober_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bober (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Bober</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O!_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O! (TV channel) (page does not exist)">O!</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poekhaly!&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poekhaly! (page does not exist)">Poekhaly!</a> (HD)</li> <li>Pobeda (HD)</li> <li>Lapki Live (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katyusha_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katyusha (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Katyusha</a> (HD)1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media Telekom (50%)3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kineko (HD)</li> <li>Sapfir (HD)</li> <li>Terra (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udar_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udar (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Udar</a> (HD)</li> <li>.Red (HD)</li> <li>.Black (HD)</li> <li>.Sci-Fi (HD)</li> <li>Mi (HD)</li> <li>Appetitny (HD)</li> <li>Dialogi o rybalke (distribution)</li> <li>Star Media (distribution) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Cinema_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star Cinema (TV channel) (page does not exist)">Star Cinema</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star Family (page does not exist)">Star Family</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BOLT_(TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BOLT (TV channel) (page does not exist)">BOLT</a> (HD)</li></ul></li> <li>Fenix Film (distribution) <ul><li>Fenix plus kino (HD)</li> <li>Oruzhie</li> <li>Anekdot TV</li></ul></li> <li>Start Broadcasting (distribution) <ul><li>Start (HD)</li> <li>Start Triumpf (HD)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_24" title="Moscow 24">Moscow 24</a></li> <li>Moscow Doveriye</li> <li>Central Television Channel</li> <li>360 - Moscow Region (HD)</li> <li>360 - Moscow News (HD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SAFMAR Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Russian_Hits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Russian Hits (page does not exist)">Bridge Russian Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Shlyager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Shlyager (page does not exist)">Bridge Shlyager</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Fresh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Fresh (page does not exist)">Bridge Fresh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Hits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Hits (page does not exist)">Bridge Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Classic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Classic (page does not exist)">Bridge Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Rock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Rock (page does not exist)">Bridge Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baby_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baby Time (page does not exist)">Baby Time</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Deluxe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Deluxe (page does not exist)">Bridge Deluxe</a> (HD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viasat_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Viasat World">Viasat Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viju_TV1000_Russkoe" title="Viju TV1000 Russkoe">Viju TV1000 Russkoe</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_TV1000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju TV1000 (page does not exist)">Viju TV1000</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_TV1000_Action&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju TV1000 Action (page does not exist)">Viju TV1000 Action</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_TV1000_Novella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju TV1000 Novella (page does not exist)">Viju TV1000 Novella</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_TV1000_Romantica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju TV1000 Romantica (page does not exist)">Viju TV1000 Romantica</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_Explore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju Explore (page does not exist)">Viju Explore</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju History (page does not exist)">Viju History</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viju_Nature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viju Nature (page does not exist)">Viju Nature</a> (HD)</li> <li>Da Vinci Russia (HD)</li> <li>Viju+ Premiere (HD)</li> <li>Viju+ Megahit (HD)</li> <li>Viju+ Comedy (HD)</li> <li>Viju+ Serial (HD)</li> <li>Viju+ Planet (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viasat_Sport_East" title="Viasat Sport East">Viju+ Sport</a> (HD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khabar_24" title="Khabar 24">24.KZ</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibek_Joly_TV" title="Jibek Joly TV">Jibek Joly TV</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibek_Joly_TV" title="Jibek Joly TV">Jibek Joly Cinema</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCTV-4" title="CCTV-4">CCTV-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN" class="mw-redirect" title="CGTN">CGTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_Russian" title="CGTN Russian">CGTN Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Music_Box&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Music Box (page does not exist)">Russian Music Box</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Box_(TV_channel)" title="Music Box (TV channel)">Music Box Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNT_Music" title="TNT Music">TNT Music</a> (planned Fonbet Music)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2TV" title="O2TV">O2TV</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanson_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanson TV (page does not exist)">Shanson TV</a></li> <li>TV channel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strana_FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strana FM (page does not exist)">Strana FM</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhara!_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhara! TV (page does not exist)">Zhara! TV</a> (HD)</li> <li>Zvezda Plus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RU.TV" title="RU.TV">RU.TV</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBC_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="RBC TV">RBC TV</a> (HD)</li> <li>MIR 24 (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVI" title="RTVI">RTVI</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVI" title="RTVI">RTVI Retro</a>1</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Internet_andsatellite_only" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internet and satellite only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TV_Rain" title="TV Rain">TV Rain</a> (HD)</li> <li>Svoboda (HD)</li> <li>Svoboda News (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews Russian</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_Time_TV" title="Current Time TV">Current Time TV</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DW-TV" title="DW-TV">DW Russian</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">Vot Tak TV</a> (programm blocks) (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">FreeDom</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smotrim" title="Smotrim">Smotrim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_(news_agency,_Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Life (news agency, Russia)">Life</a></li> <li>Life78</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-One_(TV_channel)" title="A-One (TV channel)">A-One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC_(European_TV_channel)" title="AMC (European TV channel)">AMC Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia-2" title="Russia-2">Russia-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telenyanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telenyanya (page does not exist)">Telenyanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibigon" title="Bibigon">Bibigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_(TV_channel)" title="MGM (TV channel)">MGM Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV-6_(Russia)" title="TV-6 (Russia)">TV-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVS_(Russia)" title="TVS (Russia)">TVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_TV" title="Seven TV">Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DTV_(Russian_TV_channel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DTV (Russian TV channel) (page does not exist)">DTV</a></li> <li>Rambler Teleset</li> <li>Otkrytyi Mir</li> <li>M1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Television_Channel" title="Moscow Television Channel">Moscow Television Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeleExpo" title="TeleExpo">TeleExpo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4Multimania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4Multimania (page does not exist)">4Multimania</a> (in Russia)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nashe_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nashe TV (page does not exist)">Nashe TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsargrad_TV" title="Tsargrad TV">Tsargrad TV</a></li> <li>MIR Premium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_America" title="RT America">RT America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_UK" title="RT UK">RT UK</a></li> <li>Euronovosti</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Channel_(Russia)" title="Sony Channel (Russia)">Sony Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sony_Turbo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sony Turbo (page does not exist)">Sony Turbo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sony_Sci-Fi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sony Sci-Fi (page does not exist)">Sony Sci-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UFC_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UFC TV (page does not exist)">UFC TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_(international)" title="Fox (international)">FOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Life" title="Fox Life">FOX Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(American_TV_channel)" title="National Geographic (American TV channel)">National Geographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Wild" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Wild">National Geographic Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BabyTV" title="BabyTV">BabyTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Channel_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Disney Channel (Russian TV channel)">Kanal Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Channel (Russian TV channel)">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet_(European_TV_channel)" title="Animal Planet (European TV channel)">Animal Planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Science_(European_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Science (European TV channel)">Discovery Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_Channel" title="Travel Channel">Travel Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigation_Discovery" title="Investigation Discovery">ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTX_(TV_channel)" title="DTX (TV channel)">DTX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLC_(TV_network)" title="TLC (TV network)">TLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HGTV" title="HGTV">HGTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Trend" title="Motor Trend">Motor Trend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_1" title="Eurosport 1">Eurosport 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_2" title="Eurosport 2">Eurosport 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurosport_Gold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurosport Gold (page does not exist)">Eurosport Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurosport_4K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurosport 4K (page does not exist)">Eurosport 4K</a></li> <li>Discovery Ultra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(Russian_%26_Southeastern_European_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartoon Network (Russian & Southeastern European TV channel)">Cartoon Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang_(Central_and_Eastern_European_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boomerang (Central and Eastern European TV channel)">Boomerang</a></li> <li>VH1 Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VH1_(European_TV_channel)" title="VH1 (European TV channel)">VH1 Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_MTV_(European_TV_channel)" title="Club MTV (European TV channel)">Club MTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(European_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (European TV channel)">MTV Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="MTV (Russian TV channel)">MTV Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Comedy_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount Comedy (Russia)">Paramount Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount Channel">Paramount Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Russian TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Russian TV channel)">Nickelodeon HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(Russian_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (Russian TV channel)">Nick Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(Central_and_Eastern_European_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicktoons (Central and Eastern European TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></li> <li>Zee TV Russia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1Channels don't broadcast in Russia, 2Joint venture <a href="/wiki/Channel_One_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel One (Russia)">Channel One</a> and <a href="/wiki/VGTRK" class="mw-redirect" title="VGTRK">VGTRK</a>, 3Joint venture National Media Group and <a href="/wiki/Rostelecom" title="Rostelecom">Rostelecom</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_news_channels" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_news_channels" title="Template:World news channels"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_news_channels" title="Template talk:World news channels"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_news_channels" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World news channels"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_news_channels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_news_channels" class="mw-redirect" title="World news channels">World news channels</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">English-language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/24_Digital" title="24 Digital">24 Digital</a> (Pakistan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_Live" title="ABC News Live">ABC News Live</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Television_(Nepal)" title="ABC Television (Nepal)">ABC Television</a> (Nepal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABS-CBN_News_Channel" title="ABS-CBN News Channel">ABS-CBN News Channel</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABP_News" title="ABP News">ABP News</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africanews" title="Africanews">Africanews</a> (Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AL24_News" title="AL24 News">AL24 News</a> (Algeria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arirang_TV" title="Arirang TV">Arirang TV</a> (South Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arirang_Radio" title="Arirang Radio">Arirang Radio</a> (South Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARY_News" title="ARY News">ARY News</a> (Pakistan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a> (Qatar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berita_RTM" title="Berita RTM">Berita RTM</a> (Malaysia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernama_TV" title="Bernama TV">Bernama TV</a> (Malaysia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(international_TV_channel)" title="BBC News (international TV channel)">BBC News (international TV channel)</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBC_News_Network" title="CBC News Network">CBC News Network</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_News_24/7" title="CBS News 24/7">CBS News 24/7</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNA_(TV_network)" title="CNA (TV network)">CNA</a> (Singapore)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBC_World" title="CNBC World">CNBC World</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>/<a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN-News18" title="CNN-News18">CNN-News18</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_(TV_channel)" title="CGTN (TV channel)">CGTN</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP24" title="CP24">CP24</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTV_News_Channel_(Canadian_TV_channel)" title="CTV News Channel (Canadian TV channel)">CTV News</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_News" title="Dawn News">Dawn News</a> (Pakistan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DD_India" title="DD India">DD India</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DW-TV" title="DW-TV">Deutsche Welle</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a> (Europe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_News" title="Global News">Global News</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornbill_TV" title="Hornbill TV">Hornbill TV</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Today_(TV_channel)" title="India Today (TV channel)">India Today</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I24NEWS_(Israeli_TV_channel)" title="I24NEWS (Israeli TV channel)">i24NEWS</a> (Israel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Broadcasting_Corporation_International" title="Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International">LBCI</a> (Lebanon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_(TV_channel)" title="M1 (TV channel)">M1 English</a> (Hungary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_First" title="News First">News First</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsNation" title="NewsNation">NewsNation</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_World-Japan" title="NHK World-Japan">NHK World-Japan</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_TV" title="Press TV">Press TV</a> (Iran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTV_World" title="PTV World">PTV World</a> (Pakistan)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RT</a> (Russia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_News_(TV_channel)" title="RTÉ News (TV channel)">RTÉ News</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC_News" title="SABC News">SABC News</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_News_Australia" title="Sky News Australia">Sky News Australia</a> (Australia & New Zealand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TaiwanPlus" title="TaiwanPlus">TaiwanPlus</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur">TeleSUR English</a> (Venezuela)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Now" title="Times Now">Times Now</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOLOnews" title="TOLOnews">TOLOnews English</a> (Afghanistan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRT_World" title="TRT World">TRT World</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVC_News" title="TVC News">TVC News</a> (Nigeria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVP_World" title="TVP World">TVP World</a> (Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WION" title="WION">WION</a> (India)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spanish-language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_24" title="América 24">América 24</a> (Argentina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C9N" title="C9N">C9N</a> (Paraguay)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Noticias" title="Cable Noticias">Cable Noticias</a> (Colombia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_5_Noticias" title="Canal 5 Noticias">Canal 5 Noticias</a> (Argentina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_Horas_(Spanish_TV_channel)" title="24 Horas (Spanish TV channel)">Canal 24 Horas</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_horas_(Chilean_TV_program)" title="24 horas (Chilean TV program)">Canal 24 Horas (Chile)</a> (Chile)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_26_(Argentina)" title="Canal 26 (Argentina)">Canal 26 (C26)</a> (Argentina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_N" title="Canal N">Canal N</a> (Peru)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_Spanish" title="CGTN Spanish">CGTN Spanish</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN_Chile" title="CNN Chile">CNN Chile</a> (Chile)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="CNN en Español">CNN en Español</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B3nica_TV" title="Crónica TV">Crónica TV</a> (Argentina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubavision_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubavision International">Cubavision International</a> (Cuba)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DNews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DNews (page does not exist)">DNews</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNews" class="extiw" title="es:DNews">es</a>] (South America)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DW_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="DW Español">DW Español</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETB_Basque" title="ETB Basque">ETB Basque</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a> (Europe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foro_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foro (TV channel)">Foro</a> (Mexico)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globovisi%C3%B3n" title="Globovisión">Globovisión</a> (Venezuela)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HispanTV" title="HispanTV">HispanTV</a> (Iran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I24NEWS_(Israeli_TV_channel)" title="I24NEWS (Israeli TV channel)">i24NEWS</a> (Israel)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meganoticias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meganoticias (page does not exist)">Meganoticias</a> (Chile)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milenio_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Milenio Televisión">Milenio Televisión</a> (Mexico)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTN24" title="NTN24">NTN24</a> (Colombia)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RPP_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RPP TV (page does not exist)">RPP TV</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPP_TV" class="extiw" title="es:RPP TV">es</a>] (Peru)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="RT Spanish">RT Spanish</a> (Russia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefe_Internacional" title="Telefe Internacional">Telefe Internacional</a> (Argentina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemundo_Internacional" title="Telemundo Internacional">Telemundo Internacional</a> (Puerto Rico)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesistema_Informativo" title="Telesistema Informativo">Telesistema Informativo</a> (Honduras)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesur" title="Telesur">Telesur</a> (Venezuela)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TN_(TV_channel)" title="TN (TV channel)">TN</a> (Argentina)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV_Per%C3%BA_Noticias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TV Perú Noticias (page does not exist)">TV Perú Noticias</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Per%C3%BA_Noticias_(canal_de_televisi%C3%B3n)" class="extiw" title="es:TV Perú Noticias (canal de televisión)">es</a>] (Peru)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTVM-TDT" title="XHTVM-TDT">XHTVM-TDT</a> (Mexico)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic-language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AL24_News" title="AL24 News">AL24 News</a> (Algeria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Alam_News_Network" title="Al-Alam News Network">Al-Alam News Network</a> (Iran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a> (Saudi Arabia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Araby_(TV_channel)" title="Al Araby (TV channel)">Al Araby</a> (Qatar)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Ghad_TV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Ghad TV (page does not exist)">Al Ghad TV</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%AF" class="extiw" title="ar:قناة الغد">ar</a>] (Egypt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlHadath" title="AlHadath">AlHadath</a> (Saudi Arabia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hiwar" title="Al-Hiwar">Al-Hiwar</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhurra" title="Alhurra">Alhurra</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Ekhbariya" title="Al Ekhbariya">Al Ekhbariya</a> (Saudi Arabia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Arabic" title="Al Jazeera Arabic">Al Jazeera Arabic</a> (Qatar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Manar" title="Al-Manar">Al-Manar</a> (Hezbollah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Mayadeen" title="Al Mayadeen">Al Mayadeen</a> (Lebanon)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Qahera_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Qahera News (page does not exist)">Al Qahera News</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:القاهرة الإخبارية">ar</a>] (Egypt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asharq_News" title="Asharq News">Asharq News</a> (Saudi Arabia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Arabic" title="BBC News Arabic">BBC News Arabic</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_Arabic" title="CGTN Arabic">CGTN Arabic</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DW-TV" title="DW-TV">Deutsche Welle</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echorouk_News" title="Echorouk News">Echorouk News</a> (Algeria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennahar_TV" title="Ennahar TV">Ennahar TV</a> (Algeria)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EXtra_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EXtra News (page does not exist)">eXtra News</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2" class="extiw" title="ar:إكسترا نيوز">ar</a>] (Egypt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I24NEWS_(Israeli_TV_channel)" title="I24NEWS (Israeli TV channel)">i24NEWS</a> (Israel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medi_1_TV" title="Medi 1 TV">Medi 1 TV</a> (Morocco)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_News" title="Nile News">Nile News</a> (Egypt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_Arabic" title="RT Arabic">RT Arabic</a> (Russia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_WorldWatch" title="SBS WorldWatch">SBS WorldWatch</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_News_Arabia" title="Sky News Arabia">Sky News Arabia</a> (United Arab Emirates)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_News_Channel" title="Syrian News Channel">Syrian News Channel</a> (Syria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRT_Arabi" title="TRT Arabi">TRT Arabi</a> (Turkey)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French-language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_24" title="Africa 24">Africa 24</a> (Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africanews" title="Africanews">Africanews</a> (Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AL24_News" title="AL24 News">AL24 News</a> (Algeria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGTN_French" title="CGTN French">CGTN French</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennahar_TV" title="Ennahar TV">Ennahar TV</a> (Algeria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a> (Europe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Info_(TV_channel)" title="France Info (TV channel)">France Info</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ici_RDI" title="Ici RDI">Ici RDI</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I24NEWS_(Israeli_TV_channel)" title="I24NEWS (Israeli TV channel)">i24NEWS</a> (Israel)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LN24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LN24 (page does not exist)">LN24</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/LN24" class="extiw" title="fr:LN24">fr</a>] (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Canal_Nouvelles" title="Le Canal Nouvelles">Le Canal Nouvelles</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medi_1_TV" title="Medi 1 TV">Medi 1 TV</a> (Morocco)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presse_Africaine" title="Presse Africaine">Presse Africaine</a> (Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_TV" title="Press TV">Press TV</a> (Iran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT_Fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="RT Français">RT Français</a> (Russia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTS_Info" title="RTS Info">RTS Info</a> (Switzerland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a> (France, Canada, Belgium, Monaco & Switzerland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portuguese-language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BandNews_TV" title="BandNews TV">BandNews TV</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN_Brazil" title="CNN Brazil">CNN Brazil</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN_Portugal" title="CNN Portugal">CNN Portugal</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a> (Europe)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovem_Pan_News&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jovem Pan News (page does not exist)">Jovem Pan News</a> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovem_Pan_News" class="extiw" title="pt:Jovem Pan News">pt</a>] (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_Internacional" title="Record Internacional">Record Internacional</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTP3" title="RTP3">RTP3</a>/<a href="/wiki/RTP_Internacional" title="RTP Internacional">RTP Internacional</a>/<a href="/wiki/RTP_%C3%81frica" title="RTP África">RTP África</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIC_Internacional" title="SIC Internacional">SIC Internacional</a>/<a href="/wiki/SIC_Not%C3%ADcias" title="SIC Notícias">SIC Notícias</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Not%C3%ADcias" title="STV Notícias">STV Notícias</a> (Mozambique)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televis%C3%A3o_P%C3%BAblica_de_Angola" title="Televisão Pública de Angola">TPA Notícias</a> (Angola)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Brasil_Internacional" title="TV Brasil Internacional">TV Brasil Internacional</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Cultura" title="TV Cultura">TV Cultura</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Globo_Internacional" title="TV Globo Internacional">TV Globo Internacional</a> (Brazil)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German-language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DW-TV" title="DW-TV">Deutsche Welle</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a> (Europe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_(TV_channel)" title="M1 (TV channel)">M1 Deustche</a> (Hungary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORF_2" title="ORF 2">ORF 2</a>/<a href="/wiki/ORF_2_Europe" title="ORF 2 Europe">ORF 2 Europe</a> (Austria)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puls_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puls 24 (page does not exist)">Puls 24</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puls_24" class="extiw" title="de:Puls 24">de</a>] (Austria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRF_info" title="SRF info">SRF info</a> (Switzerland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagesschau24" title="Tagesschau24">Tagesschau24</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22868#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22868#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22868#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/135261940">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/16147549-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2008170208">United States</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-437"><a href="#cite_ref-437">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RT_com">"@RT_com"</a>. x.com. Retrieved 17 September 2024. <q>@RT_com has been withheld in AT, BE, BG, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IT, LT, LU, LV, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK in response to a legal demand.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=x.com&rft.atitle=%40RT_com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRT_com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ART+%28TV+network%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RT_(TV_network)&oldid=1258588374">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RT_(TV_network)&oldid=1258588374</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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