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xenopus</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: xenopus"> <meta name="keywords" content="xenopus"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="xenopus"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: xenopus</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Perfluoroheptanoic Acid Affects Xenopus Embryo Embryogenesis by Inducing the Phosphorylation of ERK and JNK</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chowon%20Kim">Chowon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoo-Kyung%20Kim"> Yoo-Kyung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyeong%20Yeon%20Park"> Kyeong Yeon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Shik%20Lee"> Hyun-Shik Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are globally distributed synthetic compounds that are known to adversely affect human health. Developmental toxicity assessment of PFCs is important to facilitate the evaluation of their environmental impact. In the present study, we assessed the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of PFCs with different numbers of carbon atoms on Xenopus embryogenesis. An initial frog embryo teratogenicity assay-Xenopus (FETAX) assay was performed that identified perfluorohexanoic (PFHxA) and perfluoroheptanoic (PFHpA) acids as potential teratogens and developmental toxicants. The mechanism underlying this teratogenicity was also investigated by measuring the expression of tissue-specific biomarkers such as phosphotyrosine鈥慴inding protein, xPTB (liver); NKX2.5 (heart); and Cyl18 (intestine). Whole鈥憁ount in situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase鈥憄olymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and histologic analyses detected severe defects in the liver and heart following exposure to PFHxA or PFHpA. In addition, immunoblotting revealed that PFHpA significantly increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), while PFHxA slightly increased these, as compared with the control. These results suggest that PFHxA and PFHpA are developmental toxicants and teratogens, with PFHpA producing more severe effects on liver and heart development through the induction of ERK and JNK phosphorylation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PFCs" title="PFCs">PFCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERK" title=" ERK"> ERK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JNK" title=" JNK"> JNK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xenopus" title=" xenopus"> xenopus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46964/perfluoroheptanoic-acid-affects-xenopus-embryo-embryogenesis-by-inducing-the-phosphorylation-of-erk-and-jnk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> The Response of 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid on Kv1.4 Potassium Channel Subunit Expressed in Xenopus laevis Oocytes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatin%20H.%20Mohamad">Fatin H. Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20H.%20Wong"> Jia H. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bilal"> Muhammad Bilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20A.%20Mohamed%20Yusoff"> Abdul A. Mohamed Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafri%20M.%20Abdullah"> Jafri M. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingli%20Zhang"> Jingli Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kv1.4 is a Shaker-related member of voltage-gated potassium channel which can be associated with cardiac action potential but can also be found in Schaffer collateral and dentate gyrus. It has two inactivation mechanisms; the fast N-type and slow C-type. Kv1.4 produces rapid current inactivation. This A type potential of Kv1.4 makes it as a target in antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) selection. In this study, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, which can be naturally found in bamboo shoots, were tested on its enhancement effect on potassium current of Kv1.4 channel expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using the two-microelectrode voltage clamp method. Current obtained were recorded and analyzed with pClamp software whereas statistical analysis were done by student t-test. The ratio of final / peak amplitude is an index of the activity of the Kv1.4 channel. The less the ratio, the greater the function of Kv1.4. The decrease of ratio of which by 1碌M 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (n= 7), compared with 0.1% DMSO (vehicle), was mean= 47.62%, SE= 13.76%, P= 0.026 (statistically significant). It indicated more opening of Kv1.4 channels under 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. In conclusion, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid can enhance the function of Kv1.4 potassium channels, which is regarded as one of the mechanisms of antiepileptic treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiepileptic" title="antiepileptic">antiepileptic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kv1.4%20potassium%20channel" title=" Kv1.4 potassium channel"> Kv1.4 potassium channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-microelectrode%20voltage%20clamp" title=" two-microelectrode voltage clamp"> two-microelectrode voltage clamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xenopus%20laevis%20oocytes" title=" Xenopus laevis oocytes"> Xenopus laevis oocytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-hydroxybenzoic%20acid" title=" 4-hydroxybenzoic acid"> 4-hydroxybenzoic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38142/the-response-of-4-hydroxybenzoic-acid-on-kv14-potassium-channel-subunit-expressed-in-xenopus-laevis-oocytes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenicity of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds Using FETAX</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Kyung%20Lee">Hyun-Kyung Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jehyung%20Oh"> Jehyung Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Eun%20Jeong"> Young Eun Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Shik%20Lee"> Hyun-Shik Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are environmental toxicants that persistently accumulate in the human blood. Their widespread detection and accumulation in the environment raise concerns about whether these chemicals might be developmental toxicants and teratogens in the ecosystem. We evaluated and compared the toxicity of PFCs of containing various numbers of carbon atoms (C8-11 carbons) on vertebrate embryogenesis. We assessed the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of various PFCs. The toxic effects on Xenopus embryos were evaluated using different methods. We measured teratogenic indices (TIs) and investigated the mechanisms underlying developmental toxicity and teratogenicity by measuring the expression of organ-specific biomarkers such as xPTB (liver), Nkx2.5 (heart), and Cyl18 (intestine). All PFCs that we tested were found to be developmental toxicants and teratogens. Their toxic effects were strengthened with increasing length of the fluorinated carbon chain. Furthermore, we produced evidence showing that perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFuDA) are more potent developmental toxicants and teratogens in an animal model compared to the other PFCs we evaluated [perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)]. In particular, severe defects resulting from PFDA and PFuDA exposure were observed in the liver and heart, respectively, using the whole mount in situ hybridization, real-time PCR, pathologic analysis of the heart, and dissection of the liver. Our studies suggest that most PFCs are developmental toxicants and teratogens, however, compounds that have higher numbers of carbons (i.e., PFDA and PFuDA) exert more potent effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PFC" title="PFC">PFC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xenopus" title=" xenopus"> xenopus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fetax" title=" fetax"> fetax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46966/evaluation-of-developmental-toxicity-and-teratogenicity-of-perfluoroalkyl-compounds-using-fetax" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Enhancement Effect of Compound 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid from Petung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) Shoots on 伪1尾2纬2S of GABA (A) Receptor Expressed in Xenopus laevis Oocytes- Preliminary Study on Its Anti-Epileptic Potential</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bilal">Muhammad Bilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amelia%20Jane%20Llyod"> Amelia Jane Llyod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habsah%20Mohamad"> Habsah Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20Hui%20Wong"> Jia Hui Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Aziz%20Mohamed%20Yusoff"> Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafri%20Malin%20Abdullah"> Jafri Malin Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingli%20Zhang"> Jingli Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is one of the major brain afflictions occurs with uncontrolled excitation of cortex; disturbed 50 million of world鈥檚 population. About 25 percent of patients subjected to adverse effects from antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as depression, nausea, tremors, gastrointestinal symptoms, osteoporosis, dizziness, weight change, drowsiness, fatigue are commonly observed indications; therefore, new drugs are required to cure epilepsy. GABA is principle inhibitory neurotransmitter, control excitation of the brain. Mutation or dysfunction of GABA receptor is one of the primary causes of epilepsy, which is confirmed from many acquired models of epilepsy like traumatic brain injury, kindling, and status epilepticus models of epilepsy. GABA receptor has 3 distinct types such as GABA (A), GABA (B), GABA(C).GABA (A) receptor has 20 different subunits, 伪1尾2纬2 subunits composition of GABA (A) receptor is the most used combination of subunits for screening of compounds against epilepsy. We expressed 伪1尾2纬2s subunits of GABA (A) Receptor in Xenopus leavis oocytes and examined the enhancement potential of 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid compound on GABA (A) receptor via two-electrode voltage clamp current recording technique. Bamboo shoots are the young, tender offspring of bamboo, which are usually harvested after a cultivating period of 2 weeks. Proteins, acids, fat, starch, carbohydrate, fatty acid, vitamin, dietary fiber, and minerals are the major constituent found systematically in bamboo shoots. These shoots reported to have anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial activity, also possess antioxidant properties due to the presence of phenolic compounds. Student t-test analysis suggested that 4- hydroxybenzoic acid positively allosteric GABA (A) receptor, increased normalized current amplitude to 1.0304卤0.0464(p value 0.032) compared with vehicle. 4-Hydrobenzoic acid, a compound from Dendrocalamus Asper bamboo shoot gives new insights for future studies on bamboo shoots with motivation for extraction of more compounds to investigate their effects on human and rodents against epilepsy, insomnia, and anxiety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B11%CE%B22%CE%B32S" title="伪1尾2纬2S">伪1尾2纬2S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiepileptic" title=" antiepileptic"> antiepileptic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bamboo%20shoots" title=" bamboo shoots"> bamboo shoots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epilepsy%20GABA%20%28A%29%20receptor" title=" epilepsy GABA (A) receptor"> epilepsy GABA (A) receptor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-microelectrode%20voltage%20clamp" title=" two-microelectrode voltage clamp"> two-microelectrode voltage clamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xenopus%20laevis%20oocytes" title=" xenopus laevis oocytes"> xenopus laevis oocytes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38143/enhancement-effect-of-compound-4-hydroxybenzoic-acid-from-petung-bamboo-dendrocalamus-asper-shoots-on-a1v2gh2s-of-gaba-a-receptor-expressed-in-xenopus-laevis-oocytes-preliminary-study-on-its-anti-epileptic-potential" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Capsaicin Derivatives Enhanced Activity of 伪1尾2纬2S-Aminobutyric Acid Type a Receptor Expressed in Xenopus laevis Oocytes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20H.%20Wong">Jia H. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingli%20Zhang"> Jingli Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habsah%20Mohamad"> Habsah Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iswatun%20H.%20Abdullah%20Ripain"> Iswatun H. Abdullah Ripain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bilal"> Muhammad Bilal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amelia%20J.%20Lloyd"> Amelia J. Lloyd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20A.%20Mohamed%20Yusoff"> Abdul A. Mohamed Yusoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafri%20M.%20Abdullah"> Jafri M. Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases affecting more than 50 million of people worldwide. Epilepsy is a state of recurrent, spontaneous seizures with multiple syndromes and symptoms of different causes of brain dysfunction, prognosis, and treatments; characterized by transient, occasional and stereotyped interruptions of behavior whereby the excitatory-inhibitory activities within the central nervous system (CNS) are thrown out of balance due to various kinds of interferences. The goal of antiepileptic treatment is to enable patients to be free from seizures or to achieve control of seizures through surgical treatment and/or pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy through AED plays an important role especially in countries with epilepsy treatment gap due to costs and availability of health facilities, skills and resources, yet there are about one-third of the people with epilepsy have drug-resistant seizures. Hence, this poses considerable challenges to the healthcare system and the effort in providing cost-effective treatment as well as the search for alternatives to treatment and management of epilepsy. Enhancement of 纬-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission is one of the key mechanisms of actions of antiepileptic drugs. GABA type > a receptors (GABAAR) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate rapid inhibitory neurotransmission upon the binding of GABA with a heteropentameric structure forming a central pore that is permeable to the influx of chloride ions in its activated state. The major isoform of GABAA receptors consists of two 伪1, two 尾2, and one 纬2 subunit. It is the most abundantly expressed combinations in the brain and the most commonly researched through Xenopus laevis oocytes. With the advancing studies on ethnomedicine and traditional treatments using medicinal plants, increasing evidence reveal that spice and herb plants with medicinal properties play an important role in the treatment of ailments within communities across different cultures. Capsaicin is the primary natural capsaicinoid in hot peppers of plant genus Capsicum, consist of an aromatic ring, an amide linkage and a hydrophobic side chain. The study showed that capsaicins conferred neuroprotection in status epilepticus mouse models through anti-ictogenic, hypothermic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic actions in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, five capsaicin derivatives were tested for their ability to increase the GABA-induced chloride current on 伪1尾2纬2S of GABAAR expressed on Xenopus laevis oocytes using the method of two-microelectrode voltage clamp. Two of the capsaicin derivatives, IS5 (N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylbutyramide) and IS10 (N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-decanamide) at a concentration of 30碌M were able to significantly increase the GABA-induced chloride current with p=0.002 and p=0.026 respectively. This study were able to show the enhancement effect of two capsaicin derivatives with moderate length of hydrocarbon chain on this receptor subtype, revealing the promising inhibitory activity of capsaicin derivatives through enhancement of GABA-induced chloride current and further investigations should be carried out to verify its antiepileptic effects in animal models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B11%CE%B22%CE%B32%20GABAA%20receptors" title="伪1尾2纬2 GABAA receptors">伪1尾2纬2 GABAA receptors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B11%CE%B22%CE%B32S" title=" 伪1尾2纬2S"> 伪1尾2纬2S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiepileptic" title=" antiepileptic"> antiepileptic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capsaicin%20derivatives" title=" capsaicin derivatives"> capsaicin derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-microelectrode%20voltage%20clamp" title=" two-microelectrode voltage clamp"> two-microelectrode voltage clamp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xenopus%20laevis%20oocytes" title=" Xenopus laevis oocytes"> Xenopus laevis oocytes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38140/capsaicin-derivatives-enhanced-activity-of-a1v2gh2s-aminobutyric-acid-type-a-receptor-expressed-in-xenopus-laevis-oocytes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> The Phylogenetic Investigation of Candidate Genes Related to Type II Diabetes in Man and Other Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srijoni%20Banerjee">Srijoni Banerjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sequences of some of the candidate genes (e.g., CPE, CDKAL1, GCKR, HSD11B1, IGF2BP2, IRS1, LPIN1, PKLR, TNF, PPARG) implicated in some of the complex disease, e.g. Type II diabetes in man has been compared with other species to investigate phylogenetic affinity. Based on mRNA sequence of these genes of 7 to 8 species, using bioinformatics tools Mega 5, Bioedit, Clustal W, distance matrix was obtained. Phylogenetic trees were obtained by NJ and UPGMA clustering methods. The results of the phylogenetic analyses show that of the species compared: Xenopus l., Danio r., Macaca m., Homo sapiens s., Rattus n., Mus m. and Gallus g., Bos taurus, both NJ and UPGMA clustering show close affinity between clustering of Homo sapiens s. (Man) with Rattus n. (Rat), Mus m. species for the candidate genes, except in case of Lipin1 gene. The results support the functional similarity of these genes in physiological and biochemical process involving man and mouse/rat. Therefore, in understanding the complex etiology and treatment of the complex disease mouse/rate model is the best laboratory choice for experimentation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogeny" title="phylogeny">phylogeny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=candidate%20gene%20of%20type-2%20diabetes" title=" candidate gene of type-2 diabetes"> candidate gene of type-2 diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CPE" title=" CPE"> CPE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDKAL1" title=" CDKAL1"> CDKAL1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GCKR" title=" GCKR"> GCKR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSD11B1" title=" HSD11B1"> HSD11B1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IGF2BP2" title=" IGF2BP2"> IGF2BP2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IRS1" title=" IRS1"> IRS1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LPIN1" title=" LPIN1"> LPIN1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PKLR" title=" PKLR"> PKLR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TNF" title=" TNF"> TNF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PPARG" title=" PPARG"> PPARG</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5222/the-phylogenetic-investigation-of-candidate-genes-related-to-type-ii-diabetes-in-man-and-other-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> 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