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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Eve_of_Independence_Day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eve_of_Independence_Day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Eve of Independence Day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eve_of_Independence_Day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_Day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_Day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Independence Day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_Day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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href="#Sabbath_observance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sabbath observance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sabbath_observance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_Arabs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_Arabs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Israeli Arabs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_Arabs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84)" title="يوم الاستقلال (إسرائيل) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوم الاستقلال (إسرائيل)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Дзень незалежнасці Ізраіля – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзень незалежнасці Ізраіля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ден на независимостта на Израел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ден на независимостта на Израел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iom_ha-Atsma%C3%BCt" title="Iom ha-Atsmaüt – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iom ha-Atsmaüt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jom_ha-acma%27ut" title="Jom ha-acma'ut – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jom ha-acma'ut" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Ha%27atzmaut" title="Yom Ha'atzmaut – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Yom Ha'atzmaut" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jom_haAtzma%E2%80%99ut" title="Jom haAtzma’ut – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jom haAtzma’ut" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Ha%27atzmaut" title="Yom Ha'atzmaut – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yom Ha'atzmaut" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jom_Haacmaut" title="Jom Haacmaut – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jom Haacmaut" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="سالروز استقلال اسرائیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سالروز استقلال اسرائیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Ha%CA%BFatzmaout" title="Yom Haʿatzmaout – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yom Haʿatzmaout" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%85%D6%80" title="Իսրայելի անկախության օր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսրայելի անկախության օր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Ha%27atzmaut" title="Yom Ha'atzmaut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yom Ha'atzmaut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_HaAtzmaut" title="Yom HaAtzmaut – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Yom HaAtzmaut" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="יום העצמאות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יום העצמאות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_A%27atzmaut" title="Yom A'atzmaut – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Yom A'atzmaut" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84)" title="يوم الاستقلال (اسرائيل) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوم الاستقلال (اسرائيل)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Ha%27atzmaut" title="Yom Ha'atzmaut – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yom Ha'atzmaut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jom_Ha%C3%A4tsmaoet" title="Jom Haätsmaoet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jom Haätsmaoet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jom_ha%E2%80%99atsma%E2%80%99ut" title="Jom ha’atsma’ut – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jom ha’atsma’ut" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_israelske_sj%C3%B8lvstendedagen" title="Den israelske sjølvstendedagen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den israelske sjølvstendedagen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_HaAtzmaut" title="Yom HaAtzmaut – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Yom HaAtzmaut" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="День независимости Израиля – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="День независимости Израиля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(Israel)" title="Independence Day (Israel) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Independence Day (Israel)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C5%88_nez%C3%A1vislosti_Izraela" title="Deň nezávislosti Izraela – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Deň nezávislosti Izraela" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jom_ha%27atsma%27ut" title="Jom ha'atsma'ut – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jom ha'atsma'ut" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ms%C4%B1zl%C4%B1k_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC_(%C4%B0srail)" title="Bağımsızlık Günü (İsrail) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bağımsızlık Günü (İsrail)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB%D1%8E" title="День незалежності Ізраїлю – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="День незалежності Ізраїлю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA" title="יום העצמאות – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יום העצמאות" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A5" title="以色列獨立日 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="以色列獨立日" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%97%A5_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" title="獨立日 (以色列) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="獨立日 (以色列)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q952721#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" style="background-color: #ddccff">Yom Ha'atzmaut<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">יוֹם הָעַצְמָאוּת</span>‎</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_2482_independence_day_aerial_demonstration_%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A1_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four aircraft fly in formation as an Israeli flag is visible facing towards the sky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/PikiWiki_Israel_2482_independence_day_aerial_demonstration_%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A1_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.JPG/300px-PikiWiki_Israel_2482_independence_day_aerial_demonstration_%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A1_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/PikiWiki_Israel_2482_independence_day_aerial_demonstration_%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A1_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.JPG/450px-PikiWiki_Israel_2482_independence_day_aerial_demonstration_%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A1_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/PikiWiki_Israel_2482_independence_day_aerial_demonstration_%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A1_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.JPG/600px-PikiWiki_Israel_2482_independence_day_aerial_demonstration_%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A1_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="465" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="caption">Aerobatics display over <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> on Israel's 61st Independence Day, 2009</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Celebrations</th><td class="infobox-data">Family gatherings, firework displays, public celebrations (barbecues, picnics, concerts, etc.), religious services</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observances</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Herzl" title="Mount Herzl">Mount Herzl</a> memorial ceremonies, <a href="/wiki/Torch-lighting_Ceremony_(Israel)" title="Torch-lighting Ceremony (Israel)">Lighting of the Twelve Torches</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Bible_Contest" title="International Bible Contest">International Bible Contest</a>, awarding of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Prize" title="Israel Prize">Israel Prize</a> to recipients, etc.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">5 <a href="/wiki/Iyar" title="Iyar">Iyar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2023 date</th><td class="infobox-data">Sunset, 25 April –<br />nightfall, 26 April<sup id="cite_ref-Israeli_Independence_Day_dates_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israeli_Independence_Day_dates-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2024 date</th><td class="infobox-data">Sunset, 13 May –<br />nightfall, 14 May<sup id="cite_ref-Israeli_Independence_Day_dates_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israeli_Independence_Day_dates-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2025 date</th><td class="infobox-data">Sunset, 30 April –<br />nightfall, 1 May<sup id="cite_ref-Israeli_Independence_Day_dates_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israeli_Independence_Day_dates-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2026 date</th><td class="infobox-data">Sunset, 21 April –<br />nightfall, 22 April<sup id="cite_ref-Israeli_Independence_Day_dates_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israeli_Independence_Day_dates-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Annual</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related to</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaZikaron" title="Yom HaZikaron">Yom HaZikaron</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_Day" title="Nakba Day">Nakba Day</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yom Ha'atzmaut</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">יוֹם הָעַצְמָאוּת</span>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عيد الاستقلال</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʿīd al-istiqlāli</i></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Day of Independence</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is Israel's <a href="/wiki/National_day" title="National day">national day</a>, commemorating the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a> on 14 May 1948. It is marked by a variety of official and unofficial ceremonies and observances. </p><p>Because Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948, which corresponded with the 5th of <a href="/wiki/Iyar" title="Iyar">Iyar</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a> in that year, Yom Ha'atzmaut was originally celebrated on that date. However, to avoid <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_desecration#Judaism" title="Sabbath desecration">Sabbath desecration</a>, it may be commemorated one or two days before or after the 5th of Iyar if it falls too close to the <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Sabbath</a>. The day preceding Israel's independence day is <a href="/wiki/Yom_HaZikaron" title="Yom HaZikaron">Yom HaZikaron</a>, which is dedicated to the memory of fallen Israeli soldiers and Israeli civilian victims of terrorism. </p><p>In the Hebrew calendar, days begin in the evening; Yom Ha'atzmaut is observed from nightfall until the following evening of the designated day.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948_2.jpg/220px-Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948_2.jpg/330px-Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>David Ben-Gurion proclaiming independence beneath a large portrait of <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a>, founder of modern <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a>.</figcaption></figure><p> Israelis observe Yom Ha'atzmaut to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a>, which was proclaimed by future Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a> on 14 May 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mood outside of Ben-Gurion's residence just prior to the announcement was joyous: </p><blockquote><p>The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Jews of Palestine</a> ... were dancing because they were about to realize what was one of the most remarkable and inspiring achievements in human history: A people which had been <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">exiled from its homeland two thousand years before</a>, which had endured countless <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogroms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expulsions_and_exoduses_of_Jews" title="Expulsions and exoduses of Jews">expulsions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">persecutions</a>, but which had refused to relinquish its identity—which had, on the contrary, substantially strengthened that identity; a people which only a few years before had been the victim of <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">mankind's largest single act of mass murder, killing a third of the world's Jews</a>, that people was returning home as sovereign citizens in their own independent state.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> The <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a> was founded eight hours before the termination of the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate for Palestine</a>, which was due to finish on 15 May 1948. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F_1978.jpg/220px-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F_1978.jpg/330px-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F_1978.jpg/440px-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%9F_1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Independence Day, 1978</figcaption></figure> <p>The operative paragraph of the <i>Declaration of the Establishment of State of Israel</i> of 14 May 1948<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> expresses the declaration to be <i>by virtue of our natural and historic right and on the basis of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">the resolution of the United Nations General Assembly</a></i>. The operative paragraph concludes with the words of Ben-Gurion, where he thereby declares <i>the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel">Jewish state in Eretz Israel</a>, to be known as the State of Israel</i>. </p><p>While Israel was quickly granted diplomatic recognition by many countries, including the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, it was not recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> and most <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim-majority countries</a>. On 15 May, Israel's neighbouring Arab countries declared war on it and invaded the territory of the former British Mandate, thus escalating the ongoing <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a> into the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. However, this war ended with an Israeli victory amidst the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a>, which established the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a> as Israel's international border. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_1325_Israel_60th_independence_day_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-60_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/PikiWiki_Israel_1325_Israel_60th_independence_day_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-60_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_1325_Israel_60th_independence_day_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-60_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/PikiWiki_Israel_1325_Israel_60th_independence_day_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-60_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_1325_Israel_60th_independence_day_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-60_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/PikiWiki_Israel_1325_Israel_60th_independence_day_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-60_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_1325_Israel_60th_independence_day_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-60_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Independence Day celebrations in Tel Aviv's <a href="/wiki/Rabin_Square" title="Rabin Square">Rabin Square</a>, 2008</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_IAF_Flight_for_Israel%27s_63rd_Independence_Day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1417" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> Independence Day flypast, 2011</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eve_of_Independence_Day">Eve of Independence Day</h3></div> <p>Memorial Day, or Yom Hazikaron, ends at sunset, and is immediately followed by the onset of Independence Day, given that in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a> system, days end and begin at sunset. </p><p>An official ceremony is held every year on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Herzl" title="Mount Herzl">Mount Herzl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, on the evening of Independence Day.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ceremony includes a speech by the speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> (the Israeli Parliament), artistic performances, a <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Israel" title="Flag of Israel">Flag of Israel</a>, forming elaborate structures (such as a <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">Menorah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magen_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Magen David">Magen David</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Torch-lighting_Ceremony_(Israel)" title="Torch-lighting Ceremony (Israel)">ceremonial lighting of twelve torches</a>, one for each of the <a href="/wiki/Israelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Israelite">Tribes of Israel</a>. Every year a dozen Israeli citizens, who made a significant social contribution in a selected area, are invited to light the torches. Many cities hold outdoor performances in cities' squares featuring leading Israeli singers and <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a> displays. Streets around the squares are closed to cars, allowing people to sing and dance in the streets.<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_Day">Independence Day</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peresohad1985hidon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Peresohad1985hidon.jpg/220px-Peresohad1985hidon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Peresohad1985hidon.jpg/330px-Peresohad1985hidon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Peresohad1985hidon.jpg/440px-Peresohad1985hidon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption>International Bible Contest, 1985</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IndependenceDay2012-Israel_0006a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/IndependenceDay2012-Israel_0006a.jpg/220px-IndependenceDay2012-Israel_0006a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/IndependenceDay2012-Israel_0006a.jpg/330px-IndependenceDay2012-Israel_0006a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/IndependenceDay2012-Israel_0006a.jpg/440px-IndependenceDay2012-Israel_0006a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3658" data-file-height="2746" /></a><figcaption>Visitors around an <a href="/wiki/IDF_Caterpillar_D9" title="IDF Caterpillar D9">IDF Caterpillar D9</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> exhibition at <a href="/wiki/Yad_La-Shiryon" title="Yad La-Shiryon">Yad La-Shiryon</a>, Independence Day 2012.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Reception of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President of Israel</a> for honouring excellence in 120 <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> soldiers. The event takes place in the President's official residence in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bible_Contest" title="International Bible Contest">International Bible Contest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Prize" title="Israel Prize">Israel Prize</a> ceremony in Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> opens some of its bases to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Israeli Song Festival<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>From 1948 to 1973 the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_parade" title="Israel Defense Forces parade">Israel Defense Forces parade</a> was held on this day.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israeli families traditionally celebrate with picnics and barbecues.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balconies are decorated with <a href="/wiki/Israeli_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli flag">Israeli flags</a>, and small flags are attached to car windows. Some leave the flags hoisted until after <a href="/wiki/Yom_Yerushalayim" class="mw-redirect" title="Yom Yerushalayim">Yom Yerushalayim</a>. Israeli Television channels air the official events live, and classic <a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">cult</a> Israeli movies and skits are shown.<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_customs">Religious customs</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Day_to_Praise_Jerusalem_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Day_to_Praise_Jerusalem_2015.jpg/220px-Day_to_Praise_Jerusalem_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Day_to_Praise_Jerusalem_2015.jpg/330px-Day_to_Praise_Jerusalem_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Day_to_Praise_Jerusalem_2015.jpg/440px-Day_to_Praise_Jerusalem_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Hallel recited at the <a href="/wiki/Day_to_Praise" title="Day to Praise">Day to Praise</a> Israel Independence Day event in Jerusalem, 23 April 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>In response to widespread public feeling, the Chief Rabbinate in Israel decided during 1950–51 that Independence Day should be given the status of a minor <a href="/wiki/Jewish_holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish holiday">Jewish holiday</a> on which <a href="/wiki/Hallel" title="Hallel">Hallel</a> be recited. Their decision that it be recited (without a blessing) gave rise to a bitter public dispute, with <a href="/wiki/Agudat_Yisrael" title="Agudat Yisrael">Agudath Israel</a> rejecting the notion of imbuing the day with any religious significance whatsoever, and religious Zionists believing the blessing should be obligatory.<sup id="cite_ref-Kimmerling1989_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kimmerling1989-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rabbinate also ruled that they were "unable to sanction instrumental music and dances on this day which occurs during the <i><a href="/wiki/Counting_of_the_Omer#As_a_period_of_semi-mourning" title="Counting of the Omer">sephirah</a></i> period."<sup id="cite_ref-Jakobovits1966_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jakobovits1966-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recitation of the blessing over Hallel was introduced in 1973 by Israeli Chief Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Goren" title="Shlomo Goren">Shlomo Goren</a>. The innovation was strongly denounced by his Sephardic counterpart, Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Ovadia_Yosef" title="Ovadia Yosef">Ovadia Yosef</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Soloveitchik" title="Joseph B. Soloveitchik">Joseph B. Soloveitchik</a>, leader of <a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern Orthodox Judaism</a> in America.<sup id="cite_ref-Eleff2008_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eleff2008-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionist</a> movement created a liturgy for the holiday which sometimes includes the recitation of some psalms and the reading of the <a href="/wiki/Haftarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Haftarah">haftarah</a> of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1010.htm#32">Isaiah 10:32–12:6</a>, which is also read on the last day of <a href="/wiki/Pesach" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesach">Pesach</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Diaspora</a>, on the holiday morning. Other changes to the daily prayers include reciting Hallel, saying the expanded <i>Pesukei D'Zimrah</i> of Shabbat (the same practice that is observed almost universally on <a href="/wiki/Hoshanah_Rabbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoshanah Rabbah">Hoshanah Rabbah</a>), and/or blowing the <a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a>. Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Soloveitchik" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Soloveitchik">Joseph Soloveitchik</a> questioned the Halachic imperative in canonising these changes<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (it is not clear what his personal practice was regarding the recital of Hallel). In any case, the majority of his students recite Hallel without the blessings.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of authorities have promoted the inclusion of a version of <i><a href="/wiki/Al_HaNissim" title="Al HaNissim">Al Hanisim</a></i> (for the miracles...) in the Amidah prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015 <a href="/wiki/Koren_Publishers_Jerusalem" title="Koren Publishers Jerusalem">Koren Publishers Jerusalem</a> published a <a href="/wiki/Machzor" title="Machzor">machzor</a> dedicated to observance of Independence Day, in addition to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Day" title="Jerusalem Day">Jerusalem Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredim</a> make no changes in their daily prayers. People affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/Edah_HaChareidis" title="Edah HaChareidis">Edah HaChareidis</a> mourn the establishment of Israel on Independence Day, claiming that the establishment of a Jewish state before the coming of the Messiah is a sin and heresy. Some even fast on this day and recite prayers for fast days.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Movement</a> read the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> portion of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0507.htm#12">Deuteronomy 7:12–8:18</a>, and include a version of <i>Al Hanisim</i> as well as recite full Hallel with the blessings.<sup id="cite_ref-Lucas_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucas-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform Movement</a> suggests the inclusion of <i>Ya'aleh V'yavo</i> in the Amidah prayer. </p><p>In 2015, Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Riskin" title="Shlomo Riskin">Shlomo Riskin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Efrat_(Israeli_settlement)" title="Efrat (Israeli settlement)">Efrat</a> founded <i><a href="/wiki/Day_to_Praise" title="Day to Praise">Day to Praise</a></i>, a global initiative which calls on <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> around the world to join in reciting the <a href="/wiki/Hallel" title="Hallel">Hallel</a> (Psalms 113–118), with the Jewish people, on Israel's Independence Day.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sderot_in_Independence_Day_2019_IZE-281.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sderot_in_Independence_Day_2019_IZE-281.jpg/220px-Sderot_in_Independence_Day_2019_IZE-281.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sderot_in_Independence_Day_2019_IZE-281.jpg/330px-Sderot_in_Independence_Day_2019_IZE-281.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sderot_in_Independence_Day_2019_IZE-281.jpg/440px-Sderot_in_Independence_Day_2019_IZE-281.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5436" data-file-height="3785" /></a><figcaption>Families celebrating in <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Defense Force">Israel Defense Force</a> fair in <a href="/wiki/Sderot" title="Sderot">Sderot</a>, 2019</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timing">Timing</h2></div> <p>Independence Day is designated to be on the 5th day of <a href="/wiki/Iyar" title="Iyar">Iyar</a> (ה' באייר) in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a>, the anniversary of the day on which Israeli independence was proclaimed, when <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> publicly read the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a>. The corresponding Gregorian date was 14 May 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-knessetil_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knessetil-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sabbath_observance">Sabbath observance</h3></div> <p>In order to avoid conflicts with the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Sabbath" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Sabbath">Jewish Sabbath</a>, Independence Day is rarely celebrated on the 5th of Iyar itself, and on most years is celebrated a day or two before or after. According to the rules of the Jewish calendar explained in <a href="/wiki/Days_of_week_on_Hebrew_calendar" title="Days of week on Hebrew calendar">Days of week on Hebrew calendar</a>, the 5th of Iyar can fall on a Monday, a Wednesday, a Friday, or a Saturday. To avoid <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_desecration" title="Sabbath desecration">Sabbath desecration</a>, it was decided in 1951 that if the 5th of Iyar falls on a Friday or Saturday, the celebrations would be moved up to the preceding Thursday (3 or 4 of Iyar). Additionally, since 2004, if the 5th of Iyar is on a Monday, the festival is postponed to Tuesday (6 of Iyar). Monday is avoided in order to avoid potential violation of Sabbath laws by preparing for <a href="/wiki/Yom_Hazikaron" class="mw-redirect" title="Yom Hazikaron">Yom Hazikaron</a> (which is one day before Independence Day) on a <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a>. As a result, Independence Day falls between 3 and 6 of Iyar, and can be on a Tuesday, Wednesday, or Thursday. Consequently, the holiday is celebrated on the 5th of Iyar only in years in which the date happens to fall on a Wednesday.<sup id="cite_ref-knessetil_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knessetil-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upcoming Gregorian dates for Independence Day: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Sunset, 30 April 2025 – nightfall, 1 May 2025</li> <li>Sunset, 21 April 2026 – nightfall, 22 April 2026</li> <li>Sunset, 11 May 2027 – nightfall, 12 May 2027</li> <li>Sunset, 1 May 2028 – nightfall, 2 May 2028</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Israeli_Arabs">Israeli Arabs</h2></div> <p>While some <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Israeli Arabs</a> celebrate Yom Ha'atzmaut, others regard it as a tragic day in their history referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a> ("the catastrophe").<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as 1949, and officially since a 1998 proclamation by <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>, May 15 has been commemorated as <a href="/wiki/Nakba_Day" title="Nakba Day">Nakba Day</a>, which rarely coincides with Yom Ha'atzmaut, but falls within a few weeks of it.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Israeli_Independence_Day_dates-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Israeli_Independence_Day_dates_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israeli_Independence_Day_dates_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israeli_Independence_Day_dates_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israeli_Independence_Day_dates_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hebcal.com/holidays/yom-haatzmaut">"Dates for Israeli Independence Day"</a>. Hebcal.com by Danny Sadinoff and Michael J. Radwin (CC-BY-3.0)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dates+for+Israeli+Independence+Day&rft.pub=Hebcal.com+by+Danny+Sadinoff+and+Michael+J.+Radwin+%28CC-BY-3.0%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hebcal.com%2Fholidays%2Fyom-haatzmaut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurzweil2011" class="citation book cs1">Kurzweil, Arthur (9 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t8VZga76bw4C&pg=PA169"><i>The Torah For Dummies</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118051832" title="Special:BookSources/9781118051832"><bdi>9781118051832</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Torah+For+Dummies&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011-02-09&rft.isbn=9781118051832&rft.aulast=Kurzweil&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt8VZga76bw4C%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherzer2021" class="citation journal cs1">Sherzer, Adi (January 2021). Kedourie, Helen; Kelly, Saul (eds.). "The Jewish past and the 'birth' of the Israeli nation state: The case of Ben-Gurion's Independence Day speeches". <i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Studies_(journal)" title="Middle Eastern Studies (journal)">Middle Eastern Studies</a></i>. <b>57</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>: 310–326. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263206.2020.1862801">10.1080/00263206.2020.1862801</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1743-7881">1743-7881</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3206">0026-3206</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/65009869">65009869</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/875122033">875122033</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:231741621">231741621</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+past+and+the+%27birth%27+of+the+Israeli+nation+state%3A+The+case+of+Ben-Gurion%27s+Independence+Day+speeches&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=310-326&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A231741621%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.eissn=1743-7881&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263206.2020.1862801&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F875122033&rft.issn=0026-3206&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F65009869&rft.aulast=Sherzer&rft.aufirst=Adi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michael_B._Oren" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael B. Oren">Oren, Michael B.</a> "Ben-Gurion and the Return to Jewish Power." <i>New Essays on Zionism</i>. Ed. Hazony, et al. Jerusalem: Shalem Press, 2006. 406. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shalempress.co.il/download/Products/1635NZEeng_gen.pdf">PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184527/http://www.shalempress.co.il/download/Products/1635NZEeng_gen.pdf">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321213130/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Declaration%20of%20Establishment%20of%20State%20of%20Israel.htm">"Israel Ministry of foreign Affairs: Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel: 14 May 1948"</a>. Mfa.gov.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Declaration+of+Establishment+of+State+of+Israel.htm">the original</a> on 21 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iccjer.co.il/Hist.aspx?l=2&id=31">the original</a> on 12 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iccjer.co.il&rft.atitle=The+Israel+Song+Festival&rft.aulast=%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98&rft.aufirst=%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F+%E2%80%93+%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficcjer.co.il%2FHist.aspx%3Fl%3D2%26id%3D31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kan.org.il/Item/?itemId=21848">"10 דברים שלא ידעתם על המצעד השנתי הרשמי של ישראל בכאן גימל"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=10+%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%90+%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%9D+%D7%A2%D7%9C+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%93+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%99+%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C+%D7%91%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9F+%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kan.org.il%2FItem%2F%3FitemId%3D21848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/no-thanks-miri-regev-israelis-dont-want-to-bring-back-military-parades-503202">"No thanks, Miri Regev: Israelis don't want to bring back military parades"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%26%23124%3B+JPost.com&rft.atitle=No+thanks%2C+Miri+Regev%3A+Israelis+don%27t+want+to+bring+back+military+parades&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fno-thanks-miri-regev-israelis-dont-want-to-bring-back-military-parades-503202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jweekly.com/2016/05/06/a-reason-to-celebrate-toasting-68-years-of-jewish-statehood/">"A reason to celebrate: Toasting 68 years of Jewish statehood – J."</a> <i>J</i>. 6 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J&rft.atitle=A+reason+to+celebrate%3A+Toasting+68+years+of+Jewish+statehood+%E2%80%93+J.&rft.date=2016-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jweekly.com%2F2016%2F05%2F06%2Fa-reason-to-celebrate-toasting-68-years-of-jewish-statehood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kimmerling1989-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kimmerling1989_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaruch_Kimmerling1989" class="citation book cs1">Baruch Kimmerling (1 January 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BphaWb-aug0C&pg=PA192"><i>The Israeli State and Society: Boundaries and Frontiers</i></a>. SUNY Press. pp. 191–193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-850-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-850-8"><bdi>978-0-88706-850-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israeli+State+and+Society%3A+Boundaries+and+Frontiers&rft.pages=191-193&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-850-8&rft.au=Baruch+Kimmerling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBphaWb-aug0C%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jakobovits1966-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jakobovits1966_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSir_Immanuel_Jakobovits1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Jakobovits" class="mw-redirect" title="Immanuel Jakobovits">Sir Immanuel Jakobovits</a> (1966). "Controversy: Letters To The Editor". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VrM0AQAAIAAJ"><i>Journal of a Rabbi</i></a>. Living Books. p. 441.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Controversy%3A+Letters+To+The+Editor&rft.btitle=Journal+of+a+Rabbi&rft.pages=441&rft.pub=Living+Books&rft.date=1966&rft.au=Sir+Immanuel+Jakobovits&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVrM0AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfred_S._Cohen1984" class="citation book cs1">Alfred S. Cohen, ed. (1984). "Reciting Hallel on Yom Haatzmaut". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VgwmAQAAIAAJ"><i>Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society</i></a>. Vol. 7–10. Yeshiva Rabbi Jacob Joseph School. p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reciting+Hallel+on+Yom+Haatzmaut&rft.btitle=Journal+of+Halacha+and+Contemporary+Society&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Yeshiva+Rabbi+Jacob+Joseph+School&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVgwmAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eleff2008-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eleff2008_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShalom_Carmy2008" class="citation book cs1">Shalom Carmy (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sa06PAem-SgC&pg=PA246">"Teacher Not a Spokesman"</a>. In Zev Eleff (ed.). <i>Mentor of Generations: Reflections on Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik</i>. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p. 246. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60280-011-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60280-011-3"><bdi>978-1-60280-011-3</bdi></a>. <q>He strictly prohibited reciting a berakha [blessing] on the Hallel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Teacher+Not+a+Spokesman&rft.btitle=Mentor+of+Generations%3A+Reflections+on+Rabbi+Joseph+B.+Soloveitchik&rft.pages=246&rft.pub=KTAV+Publishing+House%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-60280-011-3&rft.au=Shalom+Carmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsa06PAem-SgC%26pg%3DPA246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7kERAQAAIAAJ"><i>Jewish Action</i></a>. Vol. 66. Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America. 2005. p. 93. <q>The Rav's famous outburst on Yom Ha'atzamaut 1978 when he called the ceremony for Yom Ha'atzamaut "acute halachic mental retardation" was a result of a deeply held antagonism to all changes in the siddur.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Action&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Union+of+Orthodox+Jewish+Congregations+of+America&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7kERAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeiselman2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Meiselman, Rabbi Moshe (Fall 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishaction.com/books/reviews/community-covenant-commitment-selected-letters-communications/">"Review of Soleveitchik, Rabbi Joseph B., 'Community, Covenant and Commitment: Selected Letters and Communications,' edited by Nathaniel Helfgot"</a>. <i>Jewish Action</i>. Orthodox Union<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Action&rft.atitle=Review+of+Soleveitchik%2C+Rabbi+Joseph+B.%2C+%27Community%2C+Covenant+and+Commitment%3A+Selected+Letters+and+Communications%2C%27+edited+by+Nathaniel+Helfgot&rft.ssn=fall&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Meiselman&rft.aufirst=Rabbi+Moshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishaction.com%2Fbooks%2Freviews%2Fcommunity-covenant-commitment-selected-letters-communications%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This segment includes Rav <a href="/wiki/David_Bar_Hayim" class="mw-redirect" title="David Bar Hayim">David Bar Hayim</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hardal" title="Hardal">Hardal</a> camp who heads Machon Shilo Institute, (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://machonshilo.org/PDF/Machon_Shilo_Al-HaNissim_YA_YY.pdf">Machon Shilo Al HaNisim for Yom Ha'atzmaut and Yom Yerushalyim</a>), and <a href="/wiki/The_Temple_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="The Temple Institute">The Temple Institute</a>, as well as Avi Shmidman and <a href="/wiki/Ben-Tzion_Spitz" title="Ben-Tzion Spitz">Ben-Tzion Spitz</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meromtzion.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/alhanisimbig.pdf">Shmidman Al HaNissim</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.korenpub.com/koren_en_usd/the-koren-mahzor-for-yom-ha-atzmaut-yom-yerushalyim.html">"The Koren Mahzor for Yom Ha'atzmaut & Yom Yerushalayim"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Koren+Mahzor+for+Yom+Ha%27atzmaut+%26+Yom+Yerushalayim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.korenpub.com%2Fkoren_en_usd%2Fthe-koren-mahzor-for-yom-ha-atzmaut-yom-yerushalyim.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mishpacha Magazine</i>, "Zealots and Zionism", Moishe Guttman. 14 March 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lucas-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lucas_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas" class="citation web cs1">Lucas, Lucas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rabbinicalassembly.org/story/yom-ha-atzmaut-laws-customs?tp=374">"Yom Ha-atzmaut: Laws & Customs"</a>. <i>Jewish Law</i>. The Rabbinical Assembly<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Law&rft.atitle=Yom+Ha-atzmaut%3A+Laws+%26+Customs&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Lucas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rabbinicalassembly.org%2Fstory%2Fyom-ha-atzmaut-laws-customs%3Ftp%3D374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoch2015" class="citation web cs1">Poch, Raphael (23 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breakingisraelnews.com/33579/day-to-praise-calls-christians-jews-worldwide-unite-prayer-biblical-zionism/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Day to Praise" Calls on Christians, Jews Worldwide to Unite in Prayer"</a>. Breaking Israel News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Day+to+Praise%22+Calls+on+Christians%2C+Jews+Worldwide+to+Unite+in+Prayer&rft.pub=Breaking+Israel+News&rft.date=2015-03-23&rft.aulast=Poch&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.breakingisraelnews.com%2F33579%2Fday-to-praise-calls-christians-jews-worldwide-unite-prayer-biblical-zionism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knessetil-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-knessetil_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-knessetil_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/holidays/eng/independence_day_law_eng.htm">"Independence Day Law – 5709"</a>. <i>knesset.gov.il</i>. The State of Israel. 1949<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=knesset.gov.il&rft.atitle=Independence+Day+Law+%E2%80%93+5709&rft.date=1949&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knesset.gov.il%2Fholidays%2Feng%2Findependence_day_law_eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/079/396.html"><i>Maariv</i> article (in Hebrew)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijn.com/features/3126-how-does-an-arab-israeli-school-confront-independence-day">'How does an Arab-Israeli school confront independence day?'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130411190054/http://www.ijn.com/features/3126-how-does-an-arab-israeli-school-confront-independence-day">Archived</a> 11 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> EETTA PRINCE-GIBSON, 26 April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijn.com/features/3126-how-does-an-arab-israeli-school-confront-independence-day">'The Nakba Hoax in Retrospect'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130411190054/http://www.ijn.com/features/3126-how-does-an-arab-israeli-school-confront-independence-day">Archived</a> 11 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Isi Leibler, 25 May 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGladstone2021" class="citation news cs1">Gladstone, Rick (15 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/15/world/middleeast/nakba-day.html">"An annual day of Palestinian grievance comes amid the upheaval"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+annual+day+of+Palestinian+grievance+comes+amid+the+upheaval.&rft.date=2021-05-15&rft.aulast=Gladstone&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F05%2F15%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fnakba-day.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndependence+Day+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/holidays/eng/independence_day.htm">Independence Day</a> Knesset</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120726154452/http://renaissance.jewishagency.org/2012/04/23/study-sheet-for-yom-haatzmaut-the-passover-hagada-and-israels-declaration-of-independence/">Study Sheet for Yom HaAtzmaut: the Passover Hagada and Israel's Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rabbinicalassembly.org/sites/default/files/public/jewish-law/holidays/atzmaut/al-hanissim-yom-ha-atzmaut.pdf">Conservative Movement's Al HaNisim for Yom Haatzmaut</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Melamed" title="Eliezer Melamed">Eliezer Melamed</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peninei_Halachah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peninei Halachah (page does not exist)">Peninei Halachah</a> – Zmanim, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shabbat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Shabbat" title="Special Shabbat">Special Shabbat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Holy_Days" title="High Holy Days">High Holy Days</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Days_of_Repentance" title="Ten Days of Repentance">Ten Days of Repentance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 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href="/wiki/Yom_HaShoah" title="Yom HaShoah">Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaZikaron" title="Yom HaZikaron">Yom HaZikaron (Memorial Day)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yom HaAtzmaut (Independence Day)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Day" title="Jerusalem Day">Yom Yerushalayim (Jerusalem Day)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaAliyah" title="Yom HaAliyah">Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Gurion_Day" title="Ben-Gurion Day">Ben-Gurion Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzl_Day" title="Herzl Day">Herzl Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabotinsky_Day" title="Jabotinsky Day">Jabotinsky Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabin_Day" title="Rabin Day">Rabin Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethnic_divisions" title="Jewish ethnic divisions">Israeli ethnic</a><br 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