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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-發明背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發明背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>發明背景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發明背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外形和構造" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外形和構造"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>外形和構造</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-外形和構造-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关外形和構造子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-外形和構造-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-和薩克管的分別" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#和薩克管的分別"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>和薩克管的分別</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-和薩克管的分別-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-和巴塞管的分別" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#和巴塞管的分別"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>和巴塞管的分別</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-和巴塞管的分別-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-演奏技巧" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#演奏技巧"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>演奏技巧</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-演奏技巧-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关演奏技巧子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-演奏技巧-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-指法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#指法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>指法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-指法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-記譜法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#記譜法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>記譜法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-記譜法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>音域</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>音色</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-運用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#運用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>運用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-運用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">中音單簧管</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。16种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altklarinet" title="Altklarinet – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Altklarinet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altklarinette" title="Altklarinette – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Altklarinette" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto_clarinet" title="Alto clarinet – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alto clarinet" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarinete_alto" title="Clarinete alto – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clarinete alto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alttoklarinetti" title="Alttoklarinetti – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alttoklarinetti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarinette_alto" title="Clarinette alto – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Clarinette alto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altklarinet" title="Altklarinet – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Altklarinet" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarinetto_contralto" title="Clarinetto contralto – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Clarinetto contralto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8D%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="アルトクラリネット – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルトクラリネット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%86%A0_%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%84%B7" title="알토 클라리넷 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알토 클라리넷" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altklarinet" title="Altklarinet – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Altklarinet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altklarinett" title="Altklarinett – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Altklarinett" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Альтовый кларнет – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Альтовый кларнет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altklarinett" title="Altklarinett – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Altklarinett" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Альтовий кларнет – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альтовий кларнет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto_klarnet" title="Alto klarnet – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alto klarnet" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q656766#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 18em;"><caption class="infobox-title">中音單簧管</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alto_clarinet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Alto_clarinet.jpg/64px-Alto_clarinet.jpg" decoding="async" width="64" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Alto_clarinet.jpg/97px-Alto_clarinet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Alto_clarinet.jpg/129px-Alto_clarinet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="3058" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">樂器<span class="nowrap">別名</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">中音豎笛</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">分類</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><span></span>*單簧圓筒管樂器 <ul><li><ul><li>單簧管類 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1" title="高音單簧管">高音單簧管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1" title="單簧管">單簧管</a></li> <li><b>中音單簧管</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1" title="低音單簧管">低音單簧管</a></li> <li>倍中音單簧管</li> <li>倍低音單簧管</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%9E%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1" title="巴塞單簧管">巴塞單簧管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%9E%E7%AE%A1" title="巴塞管">巴塞管</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%82%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="樂器">相關樂器</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left;"><span></span> 單簧管、E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;">♭</span>調高音單簧管、B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;">♭</span>調低音單簧管</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:;">相關條目</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left;"><span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%AE%A1%E6%A8%82%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="木管樂器">木管樂器</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>中音單簧管</b>（Alto Clarinet）<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1" title="單簧管">單簧管</a>的變種樂器，介於單簧管及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1" title="低音單簧管">低音單簧管</a>之間的中音樂器。發明初期曾出現不同的調式，現時大都統一為E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;">♭</span>調。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="發明背景"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E6.98.8E.E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>發明背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：發明背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>現任職於洛杉機公共圖書館，同時亦是樂器鑑定家艾伯特·賴斯（Albert Rice）指出最早有文獻記載中音單簧管的，可追溯至1740年。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其調性為G調，喇叭口呈散開狀。但卻未有留下任何實物。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>人艾雲·穆勒（Iwan Müller）和葛蘭索（Heinrich Grenser）被認為是首先發明中音單簧管的人物。他們既是首批專注單簧管的製作者，兩人又一同工作，且一生都致力改造及創造樂器。葛蘭索於1793年發明低音單簧管。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1809年，穆勒首先研發出有16孔的F調中音單簧管；<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>有資料顯示亦有另一批人獨立研發中音單簧管。現時收藏在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="大都會藝術博物館">大都會藝術博物館</a>內展有一件1820年代製成的樂器，外貌似<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9D%BE%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="巴松管">巴松管</a>但使用單簧管的指法，而調性是E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;">♭</span>調。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外形和構造"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E5.BD.A2.E5.92.8C.E6.A7.8B.E9.80.A0"></span>外形和構造</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：外形和構造"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於中音單簧管和一般單簧管相同，所以最初期都以非洲黑木所製成，現代則多改用塑料樹脂作為材料。管身粗而直，上下的直徑相同，而直徑則比普通單簧管為粗，比低音單簧管稍細。中音單簧管秉承了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%9E%E7%AE%A1" title="巴塞管">巴塞管</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1" title="低音單簧管">低音單簧管</a>的外形，為方便樂手吹奏，吹管部份改由金屬管銜接，並配合吹嘴位置彎曲。而喇叭口亦改成如<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="薩克管">薩克管</a>般的向外兜出。演奏時會配帶肩帶並將樂器固定在金屬扣上。吹嘴部份尺寸比低音單簧管小，並和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="中音薩克管">中音薩克管</a>相約。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="和薩克管的分別"><span id=".E5.92.8C.E8.96.A9.E5.85.8B.E7.AE.A1.E7.9A.84.E5.88.86.E5.88.A5"></span>和薩克管的分別</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：和薩克管的分別"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中音單簧管和中音薩克管擁有相近的外形、相同的調性和相似的按鍵，要不是顏色上的明顯分別，一般人都較難分辨得出。兩者的差異主要有以下三點： </p> <ul><li>中音單簧管的音域較寬闊</li> <li>中音單簧管的音色較為圓潤和集中，薩克管則因有銅管共鳴的特性，音色相對會較為分散，沉實豐厚</li> <li>中音單簧管管身較長且為圓柱形；薩克管管身較粗且為錐形擴張</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="和巴塞管的分別"><span id=".E5.92.8C.E5.B7.B4.E5.A1.9E.E7.AE.A1.E7.9A.84.E5.88.86.E5.88.A5"></span>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%9E%E7%AE%A1" title="巴塞管">巴塞管</a>的分別</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：和巴塞管的分別"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於顏色相近，中音單簧管和巴塞管的分別更難看出，但亦可從以下幾點分辨： </p> <ul><li>巴塞管的音域比中音單簧管為闊，可以吹出比中音單簧管更低的音</li> <li>巴塞管定調為F，因此相同指法，音高亦比中音單簧管高1個<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8C%E5%BA%A6" title="小二度">小二度</a></li> <li>巴塞管的管身比中音單簧管為細</li> <li>巴塞管和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1" title="低音單簧管">低音單簧管</a>在底部均裝有支撐桿，但中音單簧管則沒有</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="演奏技巧"><span id=".E6.BC.94.E5.A5.8F.E6.8A.80.E5.B7.A7"></span>演奏技巧</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：演奏技巧"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="指法"><span id=".E6.8C.87.E6.B3.95"></span>指法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：指法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>現時中音單簧管已統一使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E5%A7%86%E6%8C%87%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝姆指法（页面不存在）">貝姆指法</a>，按鍵位置和單簧管基本上是相同。但比單簧管多一個鍵，可以再吹低1個小二度。由於同是屬E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;">♭</span>調，因此中音單簧管的指法和發音都與<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1" title="高音單簧管">高音單簧管</a>相同，只是兩者相距1個<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="八度">八度</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="記譜法"><span id=".E8.A8.98.E8.AD.9C.E6.B3.95"></span>記譜法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：記譜法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中音單簧管是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E8%AA%BF%E6%A8%82%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="移調樂器">移調樂器</a>，沿用單簧管的記譜法，使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%9F%B3%E8%B0%B1%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="高音谱号">高音譜號</a>，但實際音高比記譜低1個<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AD%E5%BA%A6" title="大六度">大六度</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音域"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E5.9F.9F"></span>音域</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：音域"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般都能演奏3個八度以上的音域，最低記譜音為E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;">♭</span><sub>3</sub>，實際音高為G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;">♭</span><sub>2</sub>，最合適的最高記譜音則為G<sub>6</sub>，相對實際音為B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;">♭</span><sub>5</sub> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音色"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E8.89.B2"></span>音色</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：音色"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>單簧管家族的最大特色是它的低音部份相對較為豐厚而帶有感情，這點中音單簧管亦能秉承這個特點。由於管身較粗，它的音色相對比單簧管為稍弱，因此要借助較大傘形的喇叭口將聲音放大和傳送。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="運用"><span id=".E9.81.8B.E7.94.A8"></span>運用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：運用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中音單簧管是現代日式<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%98" title="管樂團">管樂團</a>中的常規樂器之一，並在較大型編制的管樂團中可有1至2名樂手擔任。然而在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E7%B5%83%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="管絃樂團">管絃樂團</a>中卻鮮有席位，個別的作曲家亦頂多用上<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="薩克管">薩克管</a>來填補其位置。主要原因在於中音單簧管的全音域幾乎與其他單簧管類樂器重疊。它的中音區和高音區，普通單簧管已能勝任，低音區域已有低音單簧管作支撐。因此，中音單簧管很難有突出的音域可以讓樂器發揮。 </p><p>要作為管絃樂團的一件樂器，除了能夠和整體融合外，獨奏時亦需要表現出樂器的獨特性。這一點，中音單簧管明顯地被其他樂器比下去了。它既不像<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="英國管">英國管</a>，能發出比<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1" title="雙簧管">雙簧管</a>半閉塞的音色；也不像<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E7%AC%9B" title="短笛">短笛</a>能比<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%AC%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="長笛">長笛</a>更尖銳的聲音，在樂隊中突出；更沒有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%9F%B3%E5%B7%B4%E6%9D%BE%E7%AE%A1" title="低音巴松管">低音巴松管</a>擁有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9D%BE%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="巴松管">巴松管</a>無法吹奏的音域，而薩克管有英國管那種半閉塞又略帶散開的音色，基於種種先天性的不足，都令到中音單簧管甚難在管絃樂團中立足。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>作曲家<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%81%BC%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="白遼士">白遼士</a>形容中音單簧管：「它雖然有獨特的音色，但遺憾地它並不能在樂團中擔當具建設性的作用」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rice, A. R. (2009). <i>From the Clarinet D'Amour to the Contra Bass: A History of Large Size Clarinets, 1740-1860</i>. Oxford University Press, pp. 9-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Rendall, F. G. (1971). <i>The Clarinet</i> (Third Edition). London: Ernest Benn. pp. 140–1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoeprich, E. (2008). <i>The Clarinet</i>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 132–5. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0300102828" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0300102828</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Libin, L. (1995). "Alto Clarion". The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin (The Metropolitan Museum of Art): 53.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=中音單簧管&oldid=53633765">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=中音單簧管&oldid=53633765</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%96%AE%E7%B0%A7%E7%AE%A1" title="Category:單簧管">單簧管</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A7%BB%E8%AA%BF%E6%A8%82%E5%99%A8" title="Category:移調樂器">移調樂器</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a 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