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href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Kanał Atom Wikipedii" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ERS_15 rootpage-ERS_15 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Przejdź do zawartości</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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artykuł</span></a></li><li id="n-Kategorie" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kategorie_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne"><span>Kategorie artykułów</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured-articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wyr%C3%B3%C5%BCniona_zawarto%C5%9B%C4%87_Wikipedii"><span>Najlepsze artykuły</span></a></li><li id="n-FAQ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:FAQ"><span>Częste pytania (FAQ)</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-zmiany" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-zmiany" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla czytelników </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-czytelnicy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii"><span>O Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_z_wikipedystami"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-edytorzy" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-edytorzy" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla wikipedystów </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-pierwsze-kroki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki"><span>Pierwsze kroki</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_wikipedyst%C3%B3w" title="O projekcie – co możesz zrobić, gdzie możesz znaleźć informacje"><span>Portal wikipedystów</span></a></li><li id="n-Noticeboard" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tablica_og%C5%82osze%C5%84"><span>Ogłoszenia</span></a></li><li id="n-Guidelines" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Zasady"><span>Zasady</span></a></li><li id="n-helppage-name" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Spis_tre%C5%9Bci"><span>Pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany" title="Lista ostatnich zmian w Wikipedii. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=ERS+15&returntoquery=oldid%3D74213695" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=ERS+15&returntoquery=oldid%3D74213695" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Budowa_i_działanie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budowa_i_działanie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Budowa i działanie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budowa_i_działanie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misja"> <div 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treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ERS 15</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 2 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORS_1" title="ORS 1 – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="ORS 1" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORS_1" title="ORS 1 – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="ORS 1" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2729256#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/ERS_15" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" 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wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/ERS_15" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&oldid=74213695" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=ERS_15&id=74213695&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DERS_15%26oldid%3D74213695"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DERS_15%26oldid%3D74213695"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=ERS+15"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=ERS_15&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2729256" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info-current">To jest najnowsza wersja artykułu <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERS_15">ERS 15</a></span> edytowana <span id="mw-revision-date">11:59, 7 lip 2024</span> przez <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedysta:KoverasLupus" class="mw-userlink" title="Wikipedysta:KoverasLupus" data-mw-revid="74213695"><bdi>KoverasLupus</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/Dyskusja_wikipedysty:KoverasLupus" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Dyskusja wikipedysty:KoverasLupus">dyskusja</a> | <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Wk%C5%82ad/KoverasLupus" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Specjalna:Wkład/KoverasLupus">edycje</a>)</span></span>.</div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&diff=prev&oldid=74213695" title="ERS 15">różn.</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&direction=prev&oldid=74213695" title="ERS 15">← poprzednia wersja</a> | przejdź do aktualnej wersji (różn.) | następna wersja → (różn.)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div id="mw-fr-revision-tag-old" class="cdx-message mw-fr-message-box cdx-message--block cdx-message--notice flaggedrevs_notice plainlinks noprint"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">Następująca <a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&stableid=74213695">wersja przejrzana</a> tej strony, którą <a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Rejestr&type=review&page=ERS_15">oznaczono</a> <i>7 lip 2024</i>, była oparta na tej wersji.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#C2D9F0; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">ERS 15</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ors-3_ers-17_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Ors-3_ers-17_1.jpg/240px-Ors-3_ers-17_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Ors-3_ers-17_1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Inne nazwy </th> <td> <p>ORS 1 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Indeks COSPAR </th> <td> <p>1966-077C </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Indeks NORAD </th> <td> <p>S02412 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Zaangażowani </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency">ARPA</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rakieta nośna </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Agena_D" title="Atlas Agena D">Atlas SLV-3 Agena D</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Miejsce startu </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base">Vandenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">USA</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C2D9F0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <td colspan="2">Orbita (docelowa, początkowa) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Perygeum </th> <td> <p>3681 km </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Apogeum </th> <td> <p>3689 km </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Okres obiegu </th> <td> <p>167,6 min </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nachylenie </th> <td> <p>89,8° </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C2D9F0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <td colspan="2">Czas trwania </td></tr> <tr> <th>Początek misji </th> <td> <p>19 sierpnia 1966<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFMaster_Launch_Log_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFMaster_Launch_Log-1">[1]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span> 19:26 UTC </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#C2D9F0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <td colspan="2">Wymiary </td></tr> <tr> <th>Masa całkowita </th> <td> <p>5 kg </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>ERS 15</b> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski">ang.</a> <i><b>E</b>nvironmental <b>R</b>esearch <b>S</b>atellites <b>15</b></i>) – <a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">amerykański</a> wojskowy <a href="/wiki/Sztuczny_satelita" title="Sztuczny satelita">satelita</a> <a href="/wiki/Satelita_technologiczny" title="Satelita technologiczny">technologiczny</a>. Stanowił część <a href="/wiki/Program_ERS" title="Program ERS">programu ERS</a>. Zadaniem należącego do <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a> satelity miało być testowanie nowych metod spawania metali. Wraz z satelitą <a href="/wiki/SECOR_7" title="SECOR 7">SECOR 7</a>, stanowił ładunek dodatkowy misji <a href="/wiki/MIDAS_11" title="MIDAS 11">MIDAS 11</a>. Satelita znany był także jako ORS 1 (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski">ang</a>. <i><b>O</b>ctahedral <b>R</b>esearch <b>S</b>atellite <b>1</b></i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budowa_i_działanie"><span id="Budowa_i_dzia.C5.82anie"></span>Budowa i działanie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Budowa i działanie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Budowa i działanie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Atlas_Agena_D_with_MIDAS_11_(19_aug_1966).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Atlas_Agena_D_with_MIDAS_11_%2819_aug_1966%29.jpg/100px-Atlas_Agena_D_with_MIDAS_11_%2819_aug_1966%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Atlas_Agena_D_with_MIDAS_11_%2819_aug_1966%29.jpg/150px-Atlas_Agena_D_with_MIDAS_11_%2819_aug_1966%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Atlas_Agena_D_with_MIDAS_11_%2819_aug_1966%29.jpg/200px-Atlas_Agena_D_with_MIDAS_11_%2819_aug_1966%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="868" /></a><figcaption>Start rakiety <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Agena_D" title="Atlas Agena D">Atlas Agena D</a>, 19 sierpnia 1966 roku, gdzie ładunkiem dodatkowym był satelita <b>ERS 15</b>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Celem programu ERS było opracowanie technologii, które miały być wykorzystane przy budowie nowych generacji satelitów. Misje programu koncentrowały się głównie na badaniu warunków panujących w przestrzeni kosmicznej, a także wykorzystaniu nowych materiałów i metod produkcyjnych do budowy satelitów. Satelity tego programu planowane były zazwyczaj jako ładunek dodatkowy do misji większych satelitów. ERS 15 badał metody łączenia metali, za pomocą spawania w niższych niż standardowo temperaturach<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFORS_Mk.2_(ERS)_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFORS_Mk.2_(ERS)-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. </p><p>Satelita miał kształt ośmiościanu, na którego bokach o długości 23 cm zamontowano służące do wytwarzania energii elektrycznej <a href="/wiki/Ogniwo_s%C5%82oneczne" title="Ogniwo słoneczne">ogniwa słoneczne</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFMorando216_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFMorando216-3">[3]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Misja">Misja</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Misja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Misja"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Misja rozpoczęła się 19 sierpnia 1966 roku, kiedy rakieta <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Agena_D" title="Atlas Agena D">Atlas Agena D</a> wyniosła z <a href="/wiki/Kosmodrom" title="Kosmodrom">kosmodromu</a> <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg Air Force Base">Vandenberg</a> na <a href="/wiki/Niska_orbita_oko%C5%82oziemska" title="Niska orbita okołoziemska">niską orbitę okołoziemską</a> trzy satelity wśród których był ERS 15<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFORS_Mk.2_(ERS)_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFORS_Mk.2_(ERS)-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Po znalezieniu się na orbicie ERS 15 otrzymał oznaczenie <a href="/wiki/Komitet_do_spraw_Bada%C5%84_Przestrzeni_Kosmicznej" title="Komitet do spraw Badań Przestrzeni Kosmicznej">COSPAR</a> 1966-077C<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFTrajectory_details_1966_77C_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFTrajectory_details_1966_77C-4">[4]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. </p><p>Satelita pozostaje na orbicie, której parametry to 3686,8 km w perygeum i 3712,1 km w apogeum<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFTrajectory_details_1966_77C_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFTrajectory_details_1966_77C-4">[4]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFMaster_Launch_Log-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFMaster_Launch_Log_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFMaster_Launch_Log">Master Launch Log ↓</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFORS_Mk.2_(ERS)-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFORS_Mk.2_(ERS)_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFORS_Mk.2_(ERS)_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFORS_Mk.2_(ERS)">ORS Mk.2 (ERS) ↓</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFMorando216-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFMorando216_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFMorando">Morando ↓</a></span>, s. 216.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFTrajectory_details_1966_77C-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFTrajectory_details_1966_77C_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFTrajectory_details_1966_77C_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFTrajectory_details_1966_77C">Trajectory details 1966 77C ↓</a></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book" id="CITEREFMorando1970">Bruno Morando: <i>Dynamics of Satellites (1969)</i>. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1970. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9783642999666" title="Specjalna:Książki/9783642999666">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-3-642-99966-6</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dynamics+of+Satellites+%281969%29&rft.aulast=Morando&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag+Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.isbn=978-3-642-99966-6"></span></cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" id="CITEREFORS_Mk.2_(ERS)">Gunter Krebs: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/ors_mk2.htm">ORS Mk.2 (ERS)</a>. Gunter's Space Page. [dostęp 2021-06-06]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" id="CITEREFERS">Mark Wade: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/e/ers.html">ERS</a>. Encyclopedia Astronautica. [dostęp 2021-06-06]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" id="CITEREFMaster_Launch_Log">Jonathan McDowell: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt">Master Launch Log</a>. Jonathan's Space Home Page. [dostęp 2021-06-06]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" id="CITEREFTrajectory_details_1966_77C"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1966-077C">Trajectory details 1966 77C</a>. [w:] <i>NSSDCA Master Catalog</i> [on-line]. NASA. [dostęp 2021-06-06]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" id="CITEREFERS_15"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=2412#results">ERS 15</a>. n2yo. [dostęp 2021-06-06]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&oldid=74213695">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ERS_15&oldid=74213695</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:1966_w_Stanach_Zjednoczonych" title="Kategoria:1966 w Stanach Zjednoczonych">1966 w Stanach Zjednoczonych</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Ameryka%C5%84skie_sztuczne_satelity" title="Kategoria:Amerykańskie sztuczne satelity">Amerykańskie sztuczne satelity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Satelity_technologiczne" title="Kategoria:Satelity technologiczne">Satelity technologiczne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Loty_kosmiczne_w_1966" title="Kategoria:Loty kosmiczne w 1966">Loty kosmiczne w 1966</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryta kategoria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Szablon_odn_bez_numeru_strony" title="Kategoria:Szablon odn bez numeru strony">Szablon odn bez numeru strony</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 7 lip 2024, 11:59.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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