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placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ประวัติ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ประวัติ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ประวัติ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ประวัติ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ประวัติ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ประวัติ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ซิกมารูปเสี้ยวพระจันทร์" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ซิกมารูปเสี้ยวพระจันทร์"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>ซิกมารูปเสี้ยวพระจันทร์</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ซิกมารูปเสี้ยวพระจันทร์-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-การใช้งาน" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#การใช้งาน"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>การใช้งาน</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-การใช้งาน-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle การใช้งาน subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-การใช้งาน-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ภาษาและภาษาศาสตร์" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ภาษาและภาษาศาสตร์"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>ภาษาและภาษาศาสตร์</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ภาษาและภาษาศาสตร์-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-วิทยาศาสตร์และคณิตศาสตร์" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#วิทยาศาสตร์และคณิตศาสตร์"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>วิทยาศาสตร์และคณิตศาสตร์</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-วิทยาศาสตร์และคณิตศาสตร์-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-คณิตศาสตร์" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#คณิตศาสตร์"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>คณิตศาสตร์</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-คณิตศาสตร์-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ชีววิทยา_สรีรวิทยา_และแพทยศาสตร์" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ชีววิทยา_สรีรวิทยา_และแพทยศาสตร์"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>ชีววิทยา สรีรวิทยา และแพทยศาสตร์</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ชีววิทยา_สรีรวิทยา_และแพทยศาสตร์-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-เคมี" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#เคมี"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>เคมี</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-เคมี-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-รหัสตัวอักษร" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#รหัสตัวอักษร"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>รหัสตัวอักษร</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-รหัสตัวอักษร-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle รหัสตัวอักษร subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-รหัสตัวอักษร-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ซิกมากรีก" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ซิกมากรีก"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>ซิกมากรีก</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ซิกมากรีก-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ซิกมาคอปติก" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ซิกมาคอปติก"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>ซิกมาคอปติก</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ซิกมาคอปติก-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ซิกมาคณิตศาสตร์" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ซิกมาคณิตศาสตร์"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>ซิกมาคณิตศาสตร์</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ซิกมาคณิตศาสตร์-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle อ้างอิง subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-หมายเหตุ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#หมายเหตุ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>หมายเหตุ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-หมายเหตุ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="สารบัญ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ซิกมา</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 85 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – อับฮาเซีย" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="อับฮาเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_(letter)" title="Sigma (letter) – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sigma (letter)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – เยอรมันสวิส" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันสวิส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%A7" title="سيغما – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيغما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – อราเมอิก" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="อราเมอิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siqma" title="Siqma – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Siqma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – บาวาเรีย" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="บาวาเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Сігма (літара) – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сігма (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Сыгма – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сыгма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Сигма – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сигма" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="সিগমা – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিগমা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="སིག་མ། – ทิเบต" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སིག་མ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ทิเบต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_(lizherenn)" title="Sigma (lizherenn) – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sigma (lizherenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%85%D8%A7" title="سیگما – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیگما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_(bogstav)" title="Sigma (bogstav) – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sigma (bogstav)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Σίγμα – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σίγμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmo" title="Sigmo – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sigmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%85%D8%A7" title="سیگما – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیگما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigme" title="Sigme – ไอริช" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sigme" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ไอริช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – เกลิกสกอต" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="เกลิกสกอต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – จีนแคะ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="จีนแคะ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%90" title="סיגמא – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיגמא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – เฮติครีโอล" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="เฮติครีโอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szigma" title="Szigma – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szigma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B4%D5%A1_(%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC)" title="Սիգմա (տառ) – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիգմա (տառ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D)" title="სიგმა (ასო) – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიგმა (ასო)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – เคิร์ด" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Сигма – โกมิ" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Сигма" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="โกมิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – ลักเซมเบิร์ก" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ลักเซมเบิร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84)" title="Сигма (гьарф) – เลซเกีย" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Сигма (гьарф)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="เลซเกีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_(raid%C4%97)" title="Sigma (raidė) – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sigma (raidė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE" title="സിഗ്മ – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിഗ്മ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="सिग्मा – มราฐี" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिग्मा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="มราฐี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – เยอรมันต่ำ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันต่ำ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_(letter)" title="Sigma (letter) – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sigma (letter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – อ็อกซิตัน" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="อ็อกซิตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸਿਗਮਾ – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿਗਮਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_(liter%C4%83)" title="Sigma (literă) – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sigma (literă)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Сигма (буква) – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сигма (буква)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – ซามิเหนือ" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ซามิเหนือ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – โชนา" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="โชนา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Сигма (слово) – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сигма (слово)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – สวาฮีลี" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="สวาฮีลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Сигма – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сигма" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – เวปส์" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="เวปส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma" title="Sigma – วาเรย์" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sigma" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="วาเรย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" title="Σ – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Σ" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14413#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" rel="discussion" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=history" title="แก้ไขเก่าของหน้านี้ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//th.wikipedia.org/wiki/วิกิพีเดีย:อัปโหลด" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&oldid=12116088" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&id=12116088&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B2"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B2"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14413" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" width="180px"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#ccccff" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">ซิกมา </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Sigma_uc_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sigma_uc_lc.svg/160px-Sigma_uc_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sigma_uc_lc.svg/240px-Sigma_uc_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sigma_uc_lc.svg/320px-Sigma_uc_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="#ccccff" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรกรีก">อักษรกรีก</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td width="50%">Αα <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2" title="แอลฟา">แอลฟา</a> </td> <td width="50%">Νν <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7" title="นิว">นิว</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Ββ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="บีตา">บีตา</a> </td> <td>Ξξ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81)" title="ไซ (อักษรกรีก)">ไซ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Γγ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="แกมมา">แกมมา</a> </td> <td>Οο <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="โอไมครอน">โอไมครอน</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Δδ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="เดลตา">เดลตา</a> </td> <td>Ππ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81)" title="พาย (อักษรกรีก)">พาย</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Εε <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="เอปไซลอน">เอปไซลอน</a> </td> <td>Ρρ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3" title="โร">โร</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Ζζ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="ซีตา">ซีตา</a> </td> <td>Σσς <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ซิกมา</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Ηη <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="อีตา">อีตา</a> </td> <td>Ττ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81)" title="เทา (อักษรกรีก)">เทา</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Θθ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="ทีตา">ทีตา</a> </td> <td>Υυ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="อิปไซลอน">อิปไซลอน</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Ι ι ℩ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="ไอโอตา">ไอโอตา</a> </td> <td>Φφ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="ฟาย">ฟาย</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Κκ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" title="แคปปา">แคปปา</a> </td> <td>Χχ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%84" title="ไค">ไค</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Λλ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-disambig" title="แลมดา">แลมดา</a> </td> <td>Ψψ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B" title="พไซ">พไซ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Μμ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81)" title="มิว (อักษรกรีก)">มิว</a> </td> <td>Ωω <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="โอเมกา">โอเมกา</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <th bgcolor="#ccccff" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">ใกล้คลาสสิก </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Ϝϝ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2" title="เวา">เวา</a> </td> <td>ϘϙϞϟ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2" title="คอปปา">คอปปา</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Ϻϻ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99" title="แซน">แซน</a> </td> <td>ͲͲϠϡ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9E" title="แซมไพ">แซมไพ</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Ϛϛ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="สติกมา">สติกมา</a> </td> <td>Ͱͱ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="ฮีตา">ฮีตา</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <td>Ϸϸ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8A_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81)" title="โช (อักษรกรีก)">โช</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เครื่องหมายเสริมอักษร (อักษรกรีก) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เครื่องหมายเสริมอักษร</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ซิกมา</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">sigma</span>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษากรีก">กรีก</a>: <span title="ข้อความภาษากรีกโบราณ (ถึง ค.ศ. 1453)"><span lang="grc">σίγμα</span></span>, ตัวใหญ่ <span title="ข้อความภาษากรีก"><span lang="el"><b>Σ</b></span></span>, ตัวเล็ก <span title="ข้อความภาษากรีก"><span lang="el"><b>σ</b></span></span>, ตัวเล็กท้ายคำ <span title="ข้อความภาษากรีก"><span lang="el"><b>ς</b></span></span>) เป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="อักษรกรีก">อักษรกรีก</a>ตัวที่ 18 และมีค่าของ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เลขกรีก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เลขกรีก</a>เท่ากับ 200 ในคณิตศาสตร์ทั่วไป <b>Σ</b> ตัวใหญ่ใช้แทน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1" title="ผลรวม">ผลรวม</a> สำหรับอักษรรูปนี้ <span title="ข้อความภาษากรีก"><span lang="el">ς</span></span> จะใช้เมื่อซิกมาตัวเล็กเป็นอักษรตัวสุดท้ายของคำเท่านั้น เช่น <i><span title="ข้อความภาษากรีกโบราณ"><span lang="grc">Ὀδυσσεύς</span></span></i> (Odysseus) มีอักษรซิกมาตัวเล็ก 2 ตัว ซิกมา (σ) ตรงกลางแตกต่างจากซิกมา (ς) ตัวท้าย <a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a> ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ชุดตัวอักษรละติน">อักษรละติน</a>มาจากซิกมา ส่วน <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" title="С">Es</a> ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="อักษรซีริลลิก">อักษรซีริลลิก</a>มาจากอักษรนี้ในรูปเสี้ยวพระจันทร์ </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ประวัติ"><span id=".E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4"></span>ประวัติ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ประวัติ"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>รูปร่าง (Σς) และตำแหน่งอักษรซิกมามาจากอักษร<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ชุดตัวอักษรฟินิเชีย">ฟินิเชีย</a> <span style="background-color: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Phoenician_sin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="𐤔"><img alt="𐤔" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Phoenician_sin.svg/15px-Phoenician_sin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Phoenician_sin.svg/23px-Phoenician_sin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Phoenician_sin.svg/30px-Phoenician_sin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span></span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ชีน (อักษร) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)"><i>shin</i></a>) </p><p>ชื่อเดิดขิงซิกมาอาจเป็น <i>san</i> แต่เนื่องด้วยความซับซ้อนของประวัติศาสตร์<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ชุดตัวอักษรกรีกโบราณ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชุดตัวอักษรกรีกโบราณ</a>ช่วงต้น <i>san</i> ได้รับการระบุเป็นอักษรเฉพาะในชุดตัวอักษรกรีก แทนอักษร <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_(letter)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San (letter) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)"><b>Ϻ</b></a><sup id="cite_ref-woodard_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woodard-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="เฮโรโดตุส">เฮโรโดตุส</a>รายงานว่า "san" เป็นชิ่อที่<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ชาวกรีกดอริก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชาวดอเรียน</a>ตั้งให้กับอักษรเดียวกันที่<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ชาวกรีกไอโอนิก (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชาวไอโอเนีย</a>เรียกว่า "ซิกมา"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ตามทฤษฎีหนึ่ง<sup id="cite_ref-jeffery25_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeffery25-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ชื่อ "sigma" อาจมาจาก <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samekh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samekh (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">samekh</a></i> (<span style="background-color: white;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Phoenician_samekh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="𐤎"><img alt="𐤎" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Phoenician_samekh.svg/15px-Phoenician_samekh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Phoenician_samekh.svg/23px-Phoenician_samekh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Phoenician_samekh.svg/30px-Phoenician_samekh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span></span>) อักษรของฟินิเชีย โดยผ่านทางอักษร <i>xi</i> ของกรีกที่เขียนเป็น <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81)" title="ไซ (อักษรกรีก)"><b>Ξ</b></a> ในทางกลับกัน ชื่อนี้อาจเป็นชื่อที่ประดิษฐ์ขึ้นในกรีก ซึ่งหมายถึง 'เสียงฟ่อ' จากรากของคำว่า <span title="ข้อความภาษากรีกโบราณ (ถึง ค.ศ. 1453)"><span lang="grc">σίζω</span></span> (<span title="ข้อความภาษากรีกโบราณ"><i lang="grc">sízō</i></span> จาก<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ภาษากรีกดั้งเดิม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ภาษากรีกดั้งเดิม</a> <i>*sig-jō</i> 'ฉันส่งเสียงฟ่อ') <sup id="cite_ref-woodard_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-woodard-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ซิกมารูปเสี้ยวพระจันทร์"><span id=".E0.B8.8B.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B9.E0.B8.9B.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.88.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C"></span>ซิกมารูปเสี้ยวพระจันทร์</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ซิกมารูปเสี้ยวพระจันทร์"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10224066">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-โครงส่วน plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ส่วนนี้รอเพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</b> <small>คุณสามารถช่วย<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=">เพิ่มข้อมูลส่วนนี้</a>ได้</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="การใช้งาน"><span id=".E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.83.E0.B8.8A.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99"></span>การใช้งาน</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: การใช้งาน"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ภาษาและภาษาศาสตร์"><span id=".E0.B8.A0.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A9.E0.B8.B2.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.A0.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A9.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C"></span>ภาษาและภาษาศาสตร์</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ภาษาและภาษาศาสตร์"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="ภาษากรีกโบราณ">ภาษากรีกโบราณ</a>และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ภาษากรีกสมัยใหม่ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สมัยใหม่</a> ซิกมาแทน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="เสียงเสียดแทรก ปุ่มเหงือก ไม่ก้อง">เสียงเสียดแทรก ปุ่มเหงือก ไม่ก้อง</a> <small>เสียงอ่านภาษากรีก: </small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">[s]</span> ในภาษากรีกสมัยใหม่ เสียงนี้กลายเป็น<a href="/w/index.php?title=Voice_(phonetics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voice (phonetics) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เสียงก้อง</a>ถึง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81_%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="เสียงเสียดแทรก ปุ่มเหงือก ก้อง">เสียงเสียดแทรก ปุ่มเหงือก ก้อง</a> <small>เสียงอ่านภาษากรีก: </small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">[z]</span> เมื่ออยู่หน้าเสียง <small>เสียงอ่านภาษากรีก: </small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">[m]</span>, <small>เสียงอ่านภาษากรีก: </small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">[n]</span>, <small>เสียงอ่านภาษากรีก: </small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">[v]</span>, <small>เสียงอ่านภาษากรีก: </small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">[ð]</span> หรือ <small>เสียงอ่านภาษากรีก: </small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="เสียงอ่านในสัทอักษรสากล">[ɣ]</span>.</li> <li>ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="สัทวิทยา">สัทวิทยา</a> <b>σ</b> แทน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C" title="พยางค์">พยางค์</a></li> <li>ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาศาสตร์">ภาษาศาสตร์</a>, <b>Σ</b> แทนชุดสัญลักษณ์ที่อยู่ในชุดตัวอักษร (ดูเพิ่มที่<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="วิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์">วิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="วิทยาศาสตร์และคณิตศาสตร์"><span id=".E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.93.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C"></span>วิทยาศาสตร์และคณิตศาสตร์</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=5" title="แก้ไขส่วน: วิทยาศาสตร์และคณิตศาสตร์"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="คณิตศาสตร์"><span id=".E0.B8.84.E0.B8.93.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C"></span>คณิตศาสตร์</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=6" title="แก้ไขส่วน: คณิตศาสตร์"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ในคณิตศาสตร์ทั่วไป <b>σ</b> ตัวเล็กโดยทั่วไปแทนองศาที่ไม่ทราบค่า และรูปย่อของ "<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89" title="เซตนับได้">นับได้</a>" ส่วน <b>Σ</b> โดยทั่วไปใช้แทน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1" title="ผลรวม">ผลรวม</a> เช่น:</li></ul> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{5}k=0+1+2+3+4+5=15}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </munderover> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>15</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{5}k=0+1+2+3+4+5=15}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c97f24d32e3a9198cefed79e510a8f086a88263f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:34.652ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{5}k=0+1+2+3+4+5=15}"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ชีววิทยา_สรีรวิทยา_และแพทยศาสตร์"><span id=".E0.B8.8A.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.B2_.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.B2_.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C"></span>ชีววิทยา สรีรวิทยา และแพทยศาสตร์</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=7" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ชีววิทยา สรีรวิทยา และแพทยศาสตร์"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>ในวรรณกรรม<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="สรีรวิทยา">สรีรวิทยา</a>ต้นคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 20 <b>σ</b> ใช้แทน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" title="มิลลิวินาที">มิลลิวินาที</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hill1935_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill1935-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="เคมี"><span id=".E0.B9.80.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B5"></span>เคมี</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=8" title="แก้ไขส่วน: เคมี"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="พันธะซิกมา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">พันธะซิกมา</a> (<b>σ bonds</b>) เป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="พันธะโคเวเลนต์">พันธะโคเวเลนต์</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="พันธะเคมี">ทางเคมี</a>ประเภทที่แข็งแรงที่สุด</li> <li>ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" title="การเล่นแร่แปรธาตุ">การเล่นแร่แปรธาตุ</a> <b>Σ</b> บางครั้งใช้แทน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5" title="น้ำตาล">น้ำตาล</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10224066"><table class="box-โครงส่วน plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ส่วนนี้รอเพิ่มเติมข้อมูล</b> <small>คุณสามารถช่วย<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=">เพิ่มข้อมูลส่วนนี้</a>ได้</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="รหัสตัวอักษร"><span id=".E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A9.E0.B8.A3"></span>รหัสตัวอักษร</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=9" title="แก้ไขส่วน: รหัสตัวอักษร"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ซิกมากรีก"><span id=".E0.B8.8B.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B5.E0.B8.81"></span>ซิกมากรีก</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=10" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ซิกมากรีก"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th align="left">Character</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">Σ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">σ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">ς</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">Ϲ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">ϲ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td align="center"><b>Unicode name</b></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK CAPITAL LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>931</td> <td>U+03A3</td> <td>963</td> <td>U+03C3</td> <td>962</td> <td>U+03C2</td> <td>1017</td> <td>U+03F9</td> <td>1010</td> <td>U+03F2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UTF-8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTF-8 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">UTF-8</a></td> <td>206 163</td> <td>CE A3</td> <td>207 131</td> <td>CF 83</td> <td>207 130</td> <td>CF 82</td> <td>207 185</td> <td>CF B9</td> <td>207 178</td> <td>CF B2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numeric_character_reference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numeric character reference (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#931;</td> <td>&#x3A3;</td> <td>&#963;</td> <td>&#x3C3;</td> <td>&#962;</td> <td>&#x3C2;</td> <td>&#1017;</td> <td>&#x3F9;</td> <td>&#1010;</td> <td>&#x3F2; </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Named character reference</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">&Sigma;</td> <td colspan="2" align="center">&sigma;</td> <td colspan="2" align="center">&sigmaf;</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">DOS Greek</td> <td>145</td> <td>91</td> <td>169</td> <td>A9</td> <td>170</td> <td>AA</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">DOS Greek-2</td> <td>207</td> <td>CF</td> <td>236</td> <td>EC</td> <td>237</td> <td>ED</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Windows 1253</td> <td>211</td> <td>D3</td> <td>243</td> <td>F3</td> <td>242</td> <td>F2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TeX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TeX (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">TeX</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">\Sigma</td> <td colspan="2" align="center">\sigma</td> <td colspan="2" align="center">\varsigma</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th align="left">Character</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">Ͻ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">ͻ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">Ͼ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">ͼ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">Ͽ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">ͽ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td align="center"><b>Unicode name</b></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK SMALL REVERSED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK CAPITAL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK SMALL DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK CAPITAL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">GREEK SMALL REVERSED DOTTED LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>1021</td> <td>U+03FD</td> <td>891</td> <td>U+037B</td> <td>1022</td> <td>U+03FE</td> <td>892</td> <td>U+037C</td> <td>1023</td> <td>U+03FF</td> <td>893</td> <td>U+037D </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UTF-8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTF-8 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">UTF-8</a></td> <td>207 189</td> <td>CF BD</td> <td>205 187</td> <td>CD BB</td> <td>207 190</td> <td>CF BE</td> <td>205 188</td> <td>CD BC</td> <td>207 191</td> <td>CF BF</td> <td>205 189</td> <td>CD BD </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numeric_character_reference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numeric character reference (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#1021;</td> <td>&#x3FD;</td> <td>&#891;</td> <td>&#x37B;</td> <td>&#1022;</td> <td>&#x3FE;</td> <td>&#892;</td> <td>&#x37C;</td> <td>&#1023;</td> <td>&#x3FF;</td> <td>&#893;</td> <td>&#x37D; </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ซิกมาคอปติก"><span id=".E0.B8.8B.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.81"></span>ซิกมาคอปติก</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=11" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ซิกมาคอปติก"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th align="left">Character</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">Ⲥ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">ⲥ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td align="center"><b>Unicode name</b></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SIMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COPTIC SMALL LETTER SIMA</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>11428</td> <td>U+2CA4</td> <td>11429</td> <td>U+2CA5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UTF-8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTF-8 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">UTF-8</a></td> <td>226 178 164</td> <td>E2 B2 A4</td> <td>226 178 165</td> <td>E2 B2 A5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numeric_character_reference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numeric character reference (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#11428;</td> <td>&#x2CA4;</td> <td>&#11429;</td> <td>&#x2CA5; </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ซิกมาคณิตศาสตร์"><span id=".E0.B8.8B.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.93.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C"></span>ซิกมาคณิตศาสตร์</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=12" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ซิกมาคณิตศาสตร์"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>อักษรเหล่านี้ใช้เป็นสัญลักษณ์ทางคณิตศาสตร์เท่านั้น ข้อความภาษากรีกที่มีลักษณะเฉพาะควรเข้ารหัสโดยใช้อักษรกรีกปกติ พร้อมมาร์กอัปและการจัดรูปแบบเพื่อระบุแบบข้อความ </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th align="left">Character</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">∑</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝚺</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝛔</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝛓</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝛴</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝜎 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td align="center"><b>Unicode name</b></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">N-ARY SUMMATION</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL BOLD<br />CAPITAL SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL BOLD<br />SMALL SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL BOLD<br />SMALL FINAL SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL ITALIC<br />CAPITAL SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL ITALIC<br />SMALL SIGMA</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>8721</td> <td>U+2211</td> <td>120506</td> <td>U+1D6BA</td> <td>120532</td> <td>U+1D6D4</td> <td>120531</td> <td>U+1D6D3</td> <td>120564</td> <td>U+1D6F4</td> <td>120590</td> <td>U+1D70E </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UTF-8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTF-8 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">UTF-8</a></td> <td>226 136 145</td> <td>E2 88 91</td> <td>0 157 154 186</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9A BA</td> <td>0 157 155 148</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9B 94</td> <td>0 157 155 147</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9B 93</td> <td>0 157 155 180</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9B B4</td> <td>0 157 156 142</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9C 8E </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numeric_character_reference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numeric character reference (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#8721;</td> <td>&#x2211;</td> <td>&#120506;</td> <td>&#x1D6BA;</td> <td>&#120532;</td> <td>&#x1D6D4;</td> <td>&#120531;</td> <td>&#x1D6D3;</td> <td>&#120564;</td> <td>&#x1D6F4;</td> <td>&#120590;</td> <td>&#x1D70E; </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Named character reference</a></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">&sum;</td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th align="left">Character</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝜍</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝜮</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝝈</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝝇</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝝨 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td align="center"><b>Unicode name</b></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL ITALIC<br />SMALL FINAL SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC<br />CAPITAL SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC<br />SMALL SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC<br />SMALL FINAL SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF<br />BOLD CAPITAL SIGMA</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>120589</td> <td>U+1D70D</td> <td>120622</td> <td>U+1D72E</td> <td>120648</td> <td>U+1D748</td> <td>120647</td> <td>U+1D747</td> <td>120680</td> <td>U+1D768 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UTF-8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTF-8 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">UTF-8</a></td> <td>0 157 156 141</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9C 8D</td> <td>0 157 156 174</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9C AE</td> <td>0 157 157 136</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9D 88</td> <td>0 157 157 135</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9D 87</td> <td>0 157 157 168</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9D A8 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numeric_character_reference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numeric character reference (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#120589;</td> <td>&#x1D70D;</td> <td>&#120622;</td> <td>&#x1D72E;</td> <td>&#120648;</td> <td>&#x1D748;</td> <td>&#120647;</td> <td>&#x1D747;</td> <td>&#120680;</td> <td>&#x1D768; </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th align="left">Character</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝞂</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝞁</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝞢</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝞼</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%">𝞻 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td align="center"><b>Unicode name</b></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF<br />BOLD SMALL SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF<br />BOLD SMALL FINAL SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF<br />BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF<br />BOLD ITALIC SMALL SIGMA</span></span></td> <td colspan="2"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF<br />BOLD ITALIC SMALL FINAL SIGMA</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>120706</td> <td>U+1D782</td> <td>120705</td> <td>U+1D781</td> <td>120738</td> <td>U+1D7A2</td> <td>120764</td> <td>U+1D7BC</td> <td>120763</td> <td>U+1D7BB </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UTF-8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTF-8 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">UTF-8</a></td> <td>0 157 158 130</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9E 82</td> <td>0 157 158 129</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9E 81</td> <td>0 157 158 162</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9E A2</td> <td>0 157 158 188</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9E BC</td> <td>0 157 158 187</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:UTF-8/4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4 (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แม่แบบ:UTF-8/4</a> 9D 9E BB </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Numeric_character_reference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Numeric character reference (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#120706;</td> <td>&#x1D782;</td> <td>&#120705;</td> <td>&#x1D781;</td> <td>&#120738;</td> <td>&#x1D7A2;</td> <td>&#120764;</td> <td>&#x1D7BC;</td> <td>&#120763;</td> <td>&#x1D7BB; </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=13" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10827797">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12102239">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search">วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</a>มีสื่อที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3?setlang=th">อักษรซิกมา</a></b></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="หมายเหตุ"><span id=".E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.A1.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A2.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B8"></span>หมายเหตุ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=14" title="แก้ไขส่วน: หมายเหตุ"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12126193">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"the same letter, which the Dorians call "san", but the Ionians 'sigma'..." [translated from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>: "<span title="ข้อความภาษากรีกโบราณ"><i lang="grc">τὠυτὸ γράμμα, τὸ Δωριέες μὲν σὰν καλέουσι, Ἴωνες δὲ σίγμα</i></span>"] (<a href="/wiki/Herodotus" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> 1.139) </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="อ้างอิง_2"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87_2"></span>อ้างอิง</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=15" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r12126193"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-woodard-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-woodard_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-woodard_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFWoodard2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Woodard, Roger D. (2006). "Alphabet". ใน Wilson, Nigel Guy (บ.ก.). <i>Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece</i>. London: Routledge. p. 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alphabet&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Greece&rft.place=London&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Woodard&rft.aufirst=Roger+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span><br /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Histories_(Herodotus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Histories (Herodotus) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Histories</a></i> 1.139 — <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Everson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Everson (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Everson, Michael</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Sims-Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Sims-Williams (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Nicholas Sims-Williams</a>. 2002. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120628161421/http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/nonattic.html">Non-Attic letters</a>, " transcribed by N. Nicholas. Archived from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tlg.uci.edu/~opoudjis/unicode/nonattic.html">original</a> 2020-06-28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jeffery25-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-jeffery25_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFJeffery1961" class="citation book cs1">Jeffery, Lilian H. (1961). <i>The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece</i>. Oxford: Clarendon. pp. 25–7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Local+Scripts+of+Archaic+Greece&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=25-7&rft.pub=Clarendon&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Jeffery&rft.aufirst=Lilian+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hill1935-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hill1935_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFHill1935" class="citation journal cs1">Hill, A. V. (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F136222a0">"Units and Symbols"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>136</b> (3432): 222. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1935Natur.136..222H">1935Natur.136..222H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="เข้าถึงได้ฟรี"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F136222a0">10.1038/136222a0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4087300">4087300</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Units+and+Symbols&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=3432&rft.pages=222&rft.date=1935&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4087300%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F136222a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1935Natur.136..222H&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=A.+V.&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F136222a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ตารางรหัสยูนิโคด: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0370.pdf">Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370-03FF)</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9895811">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox 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