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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Вуруд</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Абзорҳои шахсӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&uselang=tg"><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Вуруд</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Саҳмгузориҳо</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Баҳси пиромуни вироишҳо аз ин нишонаи IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Баҳс</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Муҳтавоҳо</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Ибтидо</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Рамзҳои_тиб" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Рамзҳои_тиб"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Рамзҳои тиб</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Рамзҳои_тиб-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Таърихи_тиб" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Таърихи_тиб"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Таърихи тиб</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Таърихи_тиб-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Таърихи тиб subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Таърихи_тиб-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ҷаҳони_қадим" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ҷаҳони_қадим"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ҷаҳони қадим</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ҷаҳони_қадим-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тибби_давраҳои_қадим" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тибби_давраҳои_қадим"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Тибби давраҳои қадим</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тибби_давраҳои_қадим-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Асрҳои_миёна" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Асрҳои_миёна"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Асрҳои миёна</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Асрҳои_миёна-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тиб_дар_Аврупои_Ғарбии_асримиёнагӣ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тиб_дар_Аврупои_Ғарбии_асримиёнагӣ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Тиб дар Аврупои Ғарбии асримиёнагӣ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тиб_дар_Аврупои_Ғарбии_асримиёнагӣ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Давраи_Эҳё" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Давраи_Эҳё"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Давраи Эҳё</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Давраи_Эҳё-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Давраи_навин" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Давраи_навин"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Давраи навин</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Давраи_навин-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Равонаҳо_ва_соҳаҳои_тиб" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Равонаҳо_ва_соҳаҳои_тиб"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Равонаҳо ва соҳаҳои тиб</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Равонаҳо_ва_соҳаҳои_тиб-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Пизишкӣ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 190 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-190" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">190 забон</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneeskunde" title="Geneeskunde – африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geneeskunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medizin" title="Medizin – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Medizin" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%95%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%93" title="ሕክምና – амҳарӣ" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሕክምና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амҳарӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="طب – арабӣ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܐܣܝܘܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܣܝܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="طب – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="طب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="চিকিৎসা-বিজ্ঞান – ассомӣ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চিকিৎসা-বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассомӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qulla" title="Qulla – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qulla" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibb" title="Tibb – озарбойҷонӣ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tibb" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="озарбойҷонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="طیب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="طیب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои баргузида"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – бошқирдӣ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="бошқирдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C4%97c%C4%97na" title="Medėcėna – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Medėcėna" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbulong" title="Pagbulong – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagbulong" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медыцына – белорусӣ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Медыцына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мэдыцына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэдыцына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – булғорӣ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="булғорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE)" title="डाक्टरी (बिद्या) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="डाक्टरी (बिद्या)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisin" title="Medisin – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Medisin" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%94k%C9%94t%C9%94r%C9%94ya" title="Dɔkɔtɔrɔya – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Dɔkɔtɔrɔya" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="চিকিৎসাবিজ্ঞান – бинғолӣ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিকিৎসাবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бинғолӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="གསོ་རིག – тибетӣ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གསོ་རིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибетӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezegiezh" title="Mezegiezh – бретонӣ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mezegiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – босниягӣ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Анагааха ухаан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Анагааха ухаан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – каталонӣ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AC-h%C5%8Fk" title="Ĭ-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭ-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisina" title="Medisina – себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Medisina" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%98" title="ᏅᏬᏘ – черокӣ" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏅᏬᏘ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="черокӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="پزیشکی – курдии марказӣ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پزیشکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="курдии марказӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – корсиканӣ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсиканӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ka%C5%99stv%C3%AD" title="Lékařství – чехӣ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lékařství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medic%C3%ABna" title="Medicëna – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Medicëna" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meddygaeth" title="Meddygaeth – валлӣ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Meddygaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6gevidenskab" title="Lægevidenskab – даниягӣ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lægevidenskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="даниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medizin" title="Medizin – немисӣ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Medizin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1b" title="Tıb – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tıb" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ιατρική – юнонӣ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιατρική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="юнонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine – Англисӣ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Medicine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Англисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicino" title="Medicino – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Medicino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – испанӣ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meditsiin" title="Meditsiin – эстонӣ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Meditsiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medikuntza" title="Medikuntza – баскӣ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Medikuntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Medecina" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="پزشکی – форсӣ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پزشکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="форсӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ketiede" title="Lääketiede – финӣ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lääketiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arstitiid%C3%BCs" title="Arstitiidüs – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Arstitiidüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6knafr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Læknafrøði – фарерӣ" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Læknafrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decine" title="Médecine – франсузӣ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Médecine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франсузӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8decina" title="Mèdecina – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mèdecina" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisine" title="Medisine – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Medisine" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%C3%AAskunde" title="Genêskunde – фризии ғарбӣ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Genêskunde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="фризии ғарбӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADochaine" title="Míochaine – ирландӣ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Míochaine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dsin" title="Médsin – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Médsin" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%B2las-leighis" title="Eòlas-leighis – шотландии гэлӣ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eòlas-leighis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландии гэлӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – галисиягӣ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисиягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poh%C3%A3nokuaa" title="Pohãnokuaa – гуаранӣ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pohãnokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуаранӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Kedokteran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lheeys" title="Lheeys – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lheeys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AE-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Yî-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yî-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94" title="רפואה – ибронӣ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רפואה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ибронӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="आयुर्विज्ञान – ҳиндӣ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयुर्विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ҳиндӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctori" title="Doctori – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Doctori" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – хорватӣ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medsin" title="Medsin – гаитии креолӣ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Medsin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитии креолӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvostudom%C3%A1ny" title="Orvostudomány – маҷорӣ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orvostudomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="маҷорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բժշկություն – арманӣ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բժշկություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բժշկութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բժշկութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – Байни забонӣ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Байни забонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran – индонезӣ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kedokteran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisina" title="Medisina – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Medisina" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Лорал – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Лорал" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicino" title="Medicino – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Medicino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6knisfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Læknisfræði – исландӣ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Læknisfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – италиявӣ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиявӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%96%E1%92%83%E1%91%8E" title="ᑖᒃᑎ – инуктитутӣ" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑖᒃᑎ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="инуктитутӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学 – японӣ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="医学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisn" title="Medisn – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Medisn" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedhokteran" title="Kedhokteran – Ҷаванизӣ" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kedhokteran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Ҷаванизӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="მედიცინა – гурҷӣ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მედიცინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="гурҷӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnujjya" title="Tasnujjya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasnujjya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – қазоқӣ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="қазоқӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ವೈದ್ಯವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವೈದ್ಯವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99" title="의학 – кореягӣ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="의학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="кореягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%8E%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یێلاج زان – кашмирӣ" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="یێلاج زان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмирӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bij%C3%AE%C5%9Fk%C3%AE" title="Bijîşkî – курдӣ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bijîşkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medhegneth" title="Medhegneth – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Medhegneth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – қирғизӣ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қирғизӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – лотинӣ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лотинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisina" title="Medisina – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Medisina" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medezin" title="Medezin – люксембургӣ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Medezin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medica" title="Medica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Medica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genaesk%C3%B3nde" title="Genaeskónde – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Genaeskónde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABxinn-a" title="Mëxinn-a – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Mëxinn-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ແພດສາດ – лаосӣ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແພດສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаосӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – литвонӣ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medic%C4%ABna" title="Medicīna – латишӣ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Medicīna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латишӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Медицин – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Медицин" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadokteran" title="Kadokteran – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kadokteran" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – мақдунӣ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="мақдунӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രം – малаяламӣ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаяламӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Анагаах ухаан – муғулӣ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Анагаах ухаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="муғулӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟ – манипурӣ" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="манипурӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="वैद्यकशास्त्र – маратҳӣ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वैद्यकशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратҳӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perubatan" title="Perubatan – малайӣ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perubatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medi%C4%8Bina" title="Mediċina – малтӣ" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mediċina" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="малтӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Medecina" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="ဆေးပညာ – бирманӣ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆေးပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mericina" title="Mericina – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mericina" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medizin" title="Medizin – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Medizin" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genaeskeunde" title="Genaeskeunde – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Genaeskeunde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="चिकित्सा विज्ञान – непалӣ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिकित्सा विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%83" title="वासः – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वासः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneeskunde" title="Geneeskunde – голландӣ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geneeskunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisin" title="Medisin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Medisin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisin" title="Medisin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Medisin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisine" title="Medisine – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Medisine" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina – окситанӣ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Medecina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଚିକିତ୍ସା ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – одия" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚିକିତ୍ସା ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="одия" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%C3%A6" title="Медицинæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Медицинæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮੈਡੀਸਿਨ – панҷобӣ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਡੀਸਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панҷобӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decinne" title="Médecinne – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Médecinne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="चिकित्सा विज्ञान – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="चिकित्सा विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisin" title="Medisin – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Medisin" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medycyna" title="Medycyna – лаҳистонӣ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Medycyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="лаҳистонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="طب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="طب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="درملگري – пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="درملگري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – португалӣ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampi_yachay" title="Hampi yachay – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hampi yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medischina" title="Medischina – ретороманӣ" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Medischina" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="ретороманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicin%C4%83" title="Medicină – руминӣ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Medicină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="руминӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – русӣ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медіціна – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Медіціна" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="आयुर्विज्ञानम् – санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आयुर्विज्ञानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱛᱤᱠᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ – санталӣ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱤᱠᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="санталӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meighina" title="Meighina – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Meighina" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midicina" title="Midicina – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Midicina" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicin" title="Medicin – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Medicin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="طب – синдӣ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="طب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnijjit" title="Tasnijjit – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnijjit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව – сингалӣ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Medicine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medic%C3%ADna" title="Medicína – словакӣ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Medicína" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словакӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – словенӣ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wumuti" title="Wumuti – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Wumuti" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daawo" title="Daawo – сомалӣ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Daawo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjek%C3%ABsia" title="Mjekësia – албанӣ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mjekësia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – сербӣ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heelkunde" title="Heelkunde – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Heelkunde" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatamba" title="Tatamba – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tatamba" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicin_(vetenskap)" title="Medicin (vetenskap) – шведӣ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Medicin (vetenskap)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiba" title="Tiba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tiba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மருத்துவம் – тамилӣ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மருத்துவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="వైద్యశాస్త్రం – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వైద్యశాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แพทยศาสตร์ – тайӣ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แพทยศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%95%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%93" title="ሕክምና – тигриня" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሕክምና" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="тигриня" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisina" title="Medisina – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Medisina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%99bob%C9%99t" title="Təbobət – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Təbobət" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1p" title="Tıp – туркӣ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tıp" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="туркӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vutshunguri" title="Vutshunguri – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vutshunguri" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – тоторӣ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="тоторӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mankhwala" title="Mankhwala – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Mankhwala" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%87%D9%8A%D8%BA%DB%87%D8%B1_%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="ئۇيغۇر تېبابىتى – ӯйғурӣ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئۇيغۇر تېبابىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ӯйғурӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – украинӣ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="طب – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibbiyot" title="Tibbiyot – ӯзбекӣ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tibbiyot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ӯзбекӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medezina" title="Medezina – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Medezina" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicin" title="Medicin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Medicin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Y học – ветнамӣ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Y học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ветнамӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanav" title="Sanav – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sanav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medcene" title="Medcene – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Medcene" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisina" title="Medisina – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Medisina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paj" title="Paj – волоф" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Paj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="醫學 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="醫學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="მედიცინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მედიცინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9F" title="מעדיצין – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעדיצין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ywhag" title="Ywhag – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ywhag" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学 – хитоӣ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="医学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="хитоӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-ha%CC%8Dk" title="I-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="I-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="醫學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="醫學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Зоҳир"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зоҳир</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Мавод аз Википедиа — донишномаи озод</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tg" dir="ltr"><p><b>Пизишкӣ</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Забони форсӣ">форсӣ:</a> <span lang="fa" dir="rtl" style="font-style:tahoma;font-size:1.2em">پزشکی</span>‎) ё <b>тиб</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Забони арабӣ">ар.</a> <span lang="ar" style="font-size: 110%; font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;">طب</span>‎) — шоxае аз <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Дониш">дониш</a> аст, ки ба ташxису дармони <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Беморӣ">бемориҳо</a> марбут аст. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Рамзҳои_тиб"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B7.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B1"></span>Рамзҳои тиб</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Вироиши қисмат: Рамзҳои тиб" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Рамзҳои тиб"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Дар ҷаҳони имруза барои ифодаи рамзи тиб, якчанд рамзҳоро истифода мебаранд. Яке аз рамзҳои берунаи тиббии охири асри ХХ — «Ситораи ҳаёт». Рамзи дуюм, рамзи қадимаи тиббӣ — асои Асклепий аст. Сеюм аломати маъмул — Салиби Сурх ва Ҳилоли Аҳмар; овозаи ӯ зич бо фаъолияти Байналмилалии Салиби Сурх ва Ҳилоли Аҳмар алоқаманд. Рамзи Чаҳорум тиббӣ — косаи бо мори печондашуда, дар атрофи он аст, ки бо Абӯали Ибни <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Сино">Сино</a> алоқамандӣ дорад, чунки Абӯалӣ Ибни <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Сино">Сино</a> дар табобат заҳри морро истифода мебурд. Рамзи мазкур боз бо олиҳаи юнонии саломатӣ Гигиея алоқамандии зиче дорад. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Star_of_life.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="«Ситораи ҳаёт»"><img alt="«Ситораи ҳаёт»" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/120px-Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/180px-Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/240px-Star_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">«<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B0%D1%91%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ситораи ҳаёт (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Ситораи ҳаёт</a>»</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Асои Асклепий"><img alt="Асои Асклепий" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg/37px-Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg/56px-Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg/75px-Rod_of_Asclepius2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Асои Асклепий (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Асои Асклепий</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Flag_of_the_Red_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Рамзи байналмиллалии Салиби Сурх"><img alt="Рамзи байналмиллалии Салиби Сурх" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_the_Red_Cross.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Red_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_the_Red_Cross.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Red_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_the_Red_Cross.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Red_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рамзи байналмиллалии Салиби Сурх (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Рамзи байналмиллалии Салиби Сурх</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Flag_of_the_Red_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Рамзи байналмиллалии Ҳилоли Аҳмар"><img alt="Рамзи байналмиллалии Ҳилоли Аҳмар" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Red_Crescent.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Red_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Red_Crescent.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Red_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Red_Crescent.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Red_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%90%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рамзи байналмиллалии Ҳилоли Аҳмар (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Рамзи байналмиллалии Ҳилоли Аҳмар</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Emblem_of_the_IFRC.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Рамзи IFRC"><img alt="Рамзи IFRC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Emblem_of_the_IFRC.svg/120px-Emblem_of_the_IFRC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Emblem_of_the_IFRC.svg/180px-Emblem_of_the_IFRC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Emblem_of_the_IFRC.svg/240px-Emblem_of_the_IFRC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8_IFRC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рамзи IFRC (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Рамзи IFRC</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Bowl_Of_Hygieia_by_Sergey_Demushkin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Косаи Гигиея"><img alt="Косаи Гигиея" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bowl_Of_Hygieia_by_Sergey_Demushkin.svg/94px-Bowl_Of_Hygieia_by_Sergey_Demushkin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bowl_Of_Hygieia_by_Sergey_Demushkin.svg/141px-Bowl_Of_Hygieia_by_Sergey_Demushkin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bowl_Of_Hygieia_by_Sergey_Demushkin.svg/188px-Bowl_Of_Hygieia_by_Sergey_Demushkin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Косаи Гигиея</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Таърихи_тиб"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.8A.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B1"></span>Таърихи тиб</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Вироиши қисмат: Таърихи тиб" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Таърихи тиб"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ҷаҳони_қадим"><span id=".D2.B6.D0.B0.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D2.9B.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.BC"></span>Ҷаҳони қадим</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Вироиши қисмат: Ҷаҳони қадим" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ҷаҳони қадим"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Дар ибтидо, пайдоиши беморӣ ҳамчун як мавҷудоти зиндаи беруна ва комилан душманона барои инсон ба ҳисоб мерафт, ки гӯё ба бадани ӯ ворид шуда, қобилияти ба вуҷуд овардани ҳолати дарднокро дорад. Ҳамин тариқ, нотавонии мутлақи шахси он давр дар назди қувваҳои табиат, дар якҷоягӣ бо надонистани моҳият ва қонунҳои ҷаҳони атроф, ба пайдоиши ғояҳои бардурӯғ дар бораи мавҷудияти арвоҳи шарир, ки қодиранд ба бадани инсон дохил шаванд, инчунин боиси таҳия ва истифодаи як қатор воситаҳо ва усулҳои ҷодугарии табобат гардид (азоимхонӣ, фитнаҳо, дуоҳо ва ғайра), ки дар асл ибтидои психотерапия буданд. Пайдоиш ва рушди квакерия ва шаманизм дар марҳилаҳои аввали мавҷудияти инсон боиси пайдоиши мафҳуми табобат гардид. Дар кишварҳои Шарқи Қадим, тиб ба истилоҳ коҳинон ё маъбад рушд кард. Ғайр аз ин, ёдгориҳои хаттии Шарқи Қадим (папирусҳои тиббии Мисри қадим; қонунҳои Ҳаммурапӣ; қонунҳои Ману ва Аюрведа дар Ҳиндустон ва ғайра) шаҳодат медиҳанд, ки дар давлатҳои қадим шароити фаъолияти табибон то андозаи пардохтҳо барои табобат ва муқаррар кардани дараҷаҳои гуногуни масъулият барои татбиқ тавассути воситаҳои қонунгузорӣ ба танзим дароварда мешуданд. Ҳамин тариқ, дар ҷаҳони қадим табибон ва коҳинон дар якҷоягӣ бо шаклҳои асроромез, ҷодугарии табобат аз усулҳои оқилонаи табобат ва табобатҳои тибби анъанавӣ истифода мебурданд. Ба парҳез, гигиена, масҳ, расмиёти об, гимнастика аҳамияти калон дода шуд. Истифодаи усулҳои ҷарроҳии табобат: краниотомия, илова бар ин, истифода дар ҳолати таваллуди патологӣ буриши қайсарӣ ва дар сурати марги дохили бачадон — эмбриотомия ва ғайра. Тибби қадимии Чин зиёда аз 2000 доруҳоро истифода мебурд, ки дар байни онҳо женшенг, симоб, решаи рубарб, кофур ва дигарон ҷойгоҳи махсусро ишғол мекарданд. Усули хоси акупунктура дар тӯли якчанд ҳазорсолаҳо истифода шудааст. Анатомия ва ҷарроҳӣ дар Ҳиндустони қадим ба сатҳи нисбатан баланд расиданд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Тибби_давраҳои_қадим"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B8.D0.B1.D0.B1.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.B8_.D2.9B.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.BC"></span>Тибби давраҳои қадим</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Вироиши қисмат: Тибби давраҳои қадим" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Тибби давраҳои қадим"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Тиб дар давлатҳои пешрафтаи қадим ба муваффақиятҳои назаррас ноил гаштааст: ҳуҷҷатҳои таърихӣ мавҷуданд, ки ба мо шаҳодати ҳамзамонон-шоҳидон ва асарҳои табиби қадимаи юнонӣ Гиппократ, табиатшиноси Рум Клавдий Гален, табибони Искандария Герофилус ва Эразистратро оварданд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Асрҳои_миёна"><span id=".D0.90.D1.81.D1.80.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.B8_.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.91.D0.BD.D0.B0"></span>Асрҳои миёна</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Вироиши қисмат: Асрҳои миёна" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Асрҳои миёна"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ҷамъоварии мушоҳидаҳои амалии тиббӣ дар асрҳои миёна идома ёфт. Муассисаҳои махсуси табобати беморон ва маҷрӯҳон, беморхонаҳои монавӣ барои аҳолии осоишта мавҷуд буданд (асри VII). Салибҳои салибӣ, ки бо муҳоҷирати аҳолӣ ҳамроҳӣ мекарданд, ба пайдоиши эпидемияҳои харобиовар мусоидат карданд ва боиси дар Аврупо карантин эълон шудани онҳо гардиданд. </p><p>Дар асри VII илмҳо дар кишварҳои исломӣ фаъолона рушд карданд: олимони ҷаҳони ислом, аз ҷумла, рушди дониши тиббии тамаддунҳои қадимро идома медиҳанд. Халифаҳо илм ва олимонро сарпарастӣ мекунанд. Ҳорун ар-Рашид дар Бағдод мактабҳо, беморхонаҳо ва дорухонаҳоро идора мекунад. Писари ӯ Ал-Мамун Академияро дар Бағдод таъсис медиҳад, олимони тамоми кишварҳоро ба наздаш даъват мекунад. Дар бисёр ҷойҳо мактабҳо ташкил карда шудаанд: дар Куфа, Басра, Бухоро ва дигар шаҳрҳо. </p><p>Соли 873 таҳти роҳбарии Аҳмад ибни Тулун аввалин беморхонаи калони давлатӣ таъсис дода шуд, ки танҳо барои камбизоатон пешбинӣ шуда буд. Ҳангоми ворид шудан ба беморхона, либос ва пулро дар идоракунанда гузоштанд ва ҳангоми аз беморхона баромадан, бемор ба ҳайси рациони охирин як мурғ ва як нон гирифт. Беморхона инчунин як палатаро барои девонаҳо дар бар мегирифт. </p><p>Арабҳо дар шароите буданд, ки гӯё барои рушди тиб мусоид буданд, зеро дини ислом ҷустуҷӯи табобати бемориҳоро ташвиқ мекунад ва касонеро, ки табобат мекунанд, ситоиш мекунад. Олимони тибби араб асарҳои табибони қадимро тарҷума ва омӯхтанд. Ибни Зӯҳр (Авензоар) аввалин табиби маъруф аст, ки анатомия ва ҷудошавии пас аз маргро анҷом додааст. Маъруфтарин табибони араб: Аарон, Бактишва (якчанд табибони несторианӣ), Гонен, Ибни ал-Вафид (англисӣ) русӣ. (Абенгефит), Ар-Розӣ, Алӣ ибни Саҳл Раббан ат-Табарӣ (Ғали-Аббос), Ибни Сино (Авитсенна), Албукасиён, Ибни Рушд (Аверроес), Абдул-Латиф ал-Бағдодӣ. </p><p>Тибби Византия ва Араб илми тибби ҷаҳонро бо тавсифи нави нишонаҳои бемориҳо ва доруҳо бой гардонидааст. Дар инкишофи тиб олими Осиёи Миёна Абӯалӣ Ибни Сино нақши назаррас дошт. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Тиб_дар_Аврупои_Ғарбии_асримиёнагӣ"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B8.D0.B1_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.90.D0.B2.D1.80.D1.83.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.B8_.D2.92.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B1.D0.B8.D0.B8_.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.91.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.B3.D3.A3"></span>Тиб дар Аврупои Ғарбии асримиёнагӣ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Вироиши қисмат: Тиб дар Аврупои Ғарбии асримиёнагӣ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Тиб дар Аврупои Ғарбии асримиёнагӣ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Дар Аврупои Ғарбии асримиёнагӣ дар муқоиса бо антиқа илми эмпирикӣ рӯ ба таназзул ниҳод, теология ва схоластика афзалият доштанд. Илм дар донишгоҳҳо мутамарказ буд. Аз асри 9 тиб дар баробари дигар илмҳо дар донишгоҳҳои ҳудуди Олмон, Англия ва Фаронсаи муосир таълим дода мешавад. Табобатро роҳибон ва одамони дунявӣ анҷом доданд. Маъруфтарин мактабҳои тиббии Аврупо дар асрҳои миёна Салерно буд. Корҳои ин мактаб дар дигар мактабҳо ҳамчун намунавӣ қабул карда шуданд. Маъруфтарин шеъри гигиении "лат буд. Режими Санитатис ". Мактаби Салерно табибони рӯҳонӣ ва дунявӣ, инчунин занонро дар бар мегирифт. Онҳо ба беморхонаҳо масъул буданд, дар маъракаҳо лашкарҳоро ҳамроҳӣ мекарданд ва бо подшоҳону шоҳзодаҳо буданд. Танҳо аз асри 13 якчанд намояндагони тибби он замон хоҳиши омӯхтани табиати бемориҳоро тавассути мушоҳидаҳо ва озмоишҳо нишон доданд. Инҳо Арнольд аз Вилланова ва Р.Бэкон мебошанд. Дар асри XIV рушди анатомия ҳамчун илм дар заминаи ташхис оғоз ёфт ва Мондино де Луззи (1275—1326) иншоеро нашр кард, ки дорои тасвирҳои дақиқи узвҳо мебошад. Бо вуҷуди ин, то асри XV арабҳо дар тибби Аврупо ҳукмфармо буданд, ба тавре ки ҳатто навиштаҳои Гален дар Аврупо дар тарҷумаҳо аз арабӣ паҳн мешуданд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Давраи_Эҳё"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B8_.D0.AD.D2.B3.D1.91"></span>Давраи Эҳё</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Вироиши қисмат: Давраи Эҳё" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Давраи Эҳё"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Марҳилаи назаррас дар рушди тиб дар давраи Эҳё (асрҳои XV—XVIII) гузошта шуд. Пизишки швейтсарӣ Парацелс тибро дар асоси таҷриба ва дониш таблиғ мекард, маводи гуногуни кимиёвӣ ва обҳои минералиро дар амалияи тиббӣ ҷорӣ намуд. А.Весалиус сохтор ва вазифаҳои бадани инсонро тавсиф кардааст. Табиби англис В.Харви назарияи гардиши хунро ба вуҷуд овард. </p><p>Дар соҳаи тибби амалӣ муҳимтарин рӯйдодҳои асри 16 аз ҷониби табиби итолиёӣ Г.Фракасторо таълими доктринаи бемориҳои сироятӣ (сироятӣ) ва таҳияи аввалин асосҳои илмии ҷарроҳӣ аз ҷониби табиби фаронсавӣ А.Паре буданд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Давраи_навин"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.BD"></span>Давраи навин</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Вироиши қисмат: Давраи навин" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Давраи навин"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Афзоиши истеҳсолоти саноатӣ диққатро ба омӯзиши бемориҳои касбӣ ҷалб кард. Дар ибтидои асрҳои 17-18, табиби итолиёӣ Б.Рамаззини бо ташаббуси омӯзиши патологияи саноатӣ ва саломатии касбӣ баромад кард. </p><p>Бо рушди тиб, мактабҳои тиббӣ дар кишварҳои гуногун ба вуҷуд меоянд. Дар асри 18 дар Империяи Россия Академияи илмҳо (1724) ва Коллеҷи тиббӣ (1763) таъсис дода шуданд — марказҳои маъмурии соҳаи тиб ва инчунин якчанд мактабҳои тиббӣ кушода шуданд. </p><p>Соли 1773 дар Львов Коллеҷи тиббӣ кушода шуд, ки он соли 1784 бо факултаи тиббии Донишгоҳи Львов якҷоя шуд, соли 1787 Мактаби тиббӣ-ҷарроҳии Елизаветград кушода шуд. Яке аз сарчашмаҳои асосие, ки донишҷӯёни мактабҳои тиббиро ба кор ҷалб мекарданд, Академияи Киев буд, ки дар охири асри 18 онҳо ба таълими тиб шурӯъ карданд (соли 1802 синфи тиббӣ кушода шуд — А. Ф. Масловский аввалин муаллими он шуд). </p><p>Дар нимаи дуюми асри 18 — нимаи якуми асри 19 асосҳои гигиенаи ҳарбӣ ва баҳрӣ гузошта шуданд. Олими немис Р.Кох яке аз асосгузорони микробиология гардид. Асосҳои фармакология ва токсикологияи таҷрибавиро физиолог ва патологи фаронсавӣ С.Бернард гузоштааст. Асарҳои физиологи немис Г.Гелмголтс ва биологи чех Я.Пуркин ба пешрафти чашм мусоидат карданд. </p><p>Дар айни замон, шумораи мактабҳои тиббӣ меафзояд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Равонаҳо_ва_соҳаҳои_тиб"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B0.D2.B3.D0.BE_.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D1.81.D0.BE.D2.B3.D0.B0.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B1"></span>Равонаҳо ва соҳаҳои тиб</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Вироиши қисмат: Равонаҳо ва соҳаҳои тиб" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Равонаҳо ва соҳаҳои тиб"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Тибби профилактикӣ (пешгирикунанда)</b> </p><p>Пештар ин соҳаро Санитария ва Гигиена меномиданд. Он барои пешгирии бемориҳои яке аз беморон ва ё бемориҳои ҳамаи аҳолӣ машғул аст. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Гигиена">Гигиена</a> (тозагӣ)</li> <li>Санитарӣ</li> <li>Эпидемиология</li> <li>Дезинфектология</li></ul> <p><b>Тибби клиникавӣ</b> </p><p>Ба дарёфт в табобати одамони бемор ва ба пешгирии такрор шудани ҳамон беморӣ дар ҳамон одамони бемор машғул аст. </p> <ul><li>Диетология — ба омӯзиши таъсири озуқаворӣ ва нӯшокӣ ба саломатӣ ва беморӣ, махсусан, дар муайян намудани истеъмоли ғизои оптималӣ. Диетолог (табиби парҳезгар, ки дар ин соқа фаъолият менамояд) ғизои табобатиро (терапевтическая диета) таъйин менамояд барои беморони гирифтори диабети қанд, бемориҳои дилу раг, вазни барзиёд ва ихтилоли ҳозима, аллергия, камғизоӣ ва омосҳо (баъзан нодуруст бо гигиенаи озуқаворӣ меомезанд).</li> <li>Терапия</li> <li>Равонпизишкӣ (Психиатрия)</li> <li>Пизишкии кӯдакон (Педиатрия)</li> <li>Геронтология</li> <li>Кардиология</li> <li>Эндокринология (ғадудҳои дарунӣ)</li> <li>Асабшиносӣ (Неврология)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Чашмпизишкӣ">Чашмпизишкӣ</a> (Офталмология)</li> <li>Дандонпизишкӣ (Стоматология)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Мизроҳпизишкӣ">Мизроҳпизишкӣ</a> (Урология)</li></ul> <p><b>Фармакология</b> </p> <ul><li>Фармакоэпидемиология</li> <li>Фармакологияи биохимиявӣ</li> <li>Фармакологияи клиникавӣ</li> <li>Фармакологияи молекулавӣ</li> <li>Фармакогеномика</li> <li>Фармакологияи таҷрибавӣ</li></ul> <p><b>Соҳаҳои тиббӣ-биологӣ</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Анатомия">Анатомия</a></li> <li>Биохимия</li> <li>Биомеханика</li> <li>Статистикаи биологӣ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Биофизика">Биофизика</a></li> <li>Цитология</li> <li>Эмбриология</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Генетика">Генетика</a></li> <li>Гистология</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Иммунология">Иммунология</a></li> <li>Инфектология</li> <li>Комбустиология</li> <li>Физикаи тиббӣ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Микробиология">Микробиология</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Биологияи молекулавӣ">Биологияи молекулавӣ</a></li> <li>Нейробиология</li> <li>Патология</li> <li>Фотобиология</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физиология">Физиология</a></li> <li>Радиобиология</li> <li>Токсикология</li> <li>Сексопатология</li></ul> <p><b>Соҳаҳои алоҳидаи тиб</b> </p> <ul><li>Тибби авиасионӣ</li> <li>Тибби арктикӣ</li> <li>Тибби ҳарбӣ</li> <li>Тибби кайҳонӣ</li> <li>Тибби офатҳои (табиӣ)</li> <li>Тибби зериобӣ</li> <li>Тибби варзишӣ</li> <li>Тибби ташхиси судӣ</li> <li>Тибби меҳнат</li> <li>Тибби хронологӣ</li></ul> <p><b>Тибби назариявӣ</b> </p><p><b>Тибби амалӣ</b> </p> <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Star_of_life.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Пизишкӣ"><img alt="Пизишкӣ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/48px-Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/72px-Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/96px-Star_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Ин <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Википедиа:Нопурра">мақолаи нопурра</a> аз <a class="mw-selflink selflink">пизишкӣ</a> мебошад.<br />Шумо метавонед бо <a class="external text" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3&action=edit">пурра кардани ин</a> ба Википедия <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Википедиа:Вироиши мақолаҳо">кумак</a> кунед.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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