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itemprop="content"><p> <div class="right_image" style="width: 230px"><div class="image" style="float: right; width: 230px;"><div class="image"><div class="image"><div class="image"><div class="image"><div class="image"><div class="image"><div class="image"><div class="image"> <span class="content"> <div align="center"><a class="highslide" onclick="return hs.expand(this, {captionId:'img_caption_2576868_88'})" href="/data/2020/06/29/1236357942/i400.jpg" ><img src="/data/2020/06/29/1236357942/i200.jpg" itemprop="photo" width="200" height="145" alt="袨褋胁褟褖械薪懈械屑芯薪-褉褟胁芯懈屑褟锌褉锌. 袩邪褉邪褋泻械胁褘斜谢懈蟹谐. 楔邪斜邪褑邪 (小械褉斜懈褟). 袥懈褌芯谐褉邪褎懈褟. 1890 谐." title="袣谢懈泻薪懈褌械写谢褟褍胁械谢懈褔械薪懈褟泻邪褉褌懈薪泻懈" align="center" hspace="2" vspace="2"/></a><div class="highslide-caption" id="img_caption_2576868_88">袨褋胁褟褖械薪懈械屑芯薪-褉褟胁芯懈屑褟锌褉锌. 袩邪褉邪褋泻械胁褘斜谢懈蟹谐. 楔邪斜邪褑邪 (小械褉斜懈褟). 袥懈褌芯谐褉邪褎懈褟. 1890 谐.</div></div><br><small>袨褋胁褟褖械薪懈械屑芯薪-褉褟胁芯懈屑褟锌褉锌. 袩邪褉邪褋泻械胁褘斜谢懈蟹谐. 楔邪斜邪褑邪 (小械褉斜懈褟). 袥懈褌芯谐褉邪褎懈褟. 1890 谐.</small></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>袧邪蟹胁邪薪懈械薪械褋泻. 屑芯薪邪褋褌褘褉械泄胁芯懈屑褟锌褉锌. <a href="/text/袩邪褉邪褋泻械胁褘 (袩械褌泻懈).html"style="font-style:italic;">袩邪褉邪褋泻械胁褘 (袩械褌泻懈)</a> 小械褉斜褋泻芯泄袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪芯泄笑械褉泻胁懈. 1. 袩., 卸械薪. 芯斜懈褌械谢褜 <a href="/text/楔邪斜邪褑泻芯-袙邪谢械胁褋泻芯泄械锌邪褉褏懈懈.html"style="font-style:italic;">楔邪斜邪褑泻芯-袙邪谢械胁褋泻芯泄械锌邪褉褏懈懈</a>, 薪邪褏芯写懈褌褋褟胁芯写薪芯懈屑械薪薪芯屑褋械谢械, 褍锌芯写薪芯卸懈褟谐芯褉褘笑械褉, 胁 30 泻屑芯褌谐. 楔邪斜邪褑 (小械褉斜懈褟). 袠褋褏芯写褟懈蟹邪褉褏懈褌械泻褌褍褉褘褏褉邪屑邪, 芯褋薪芯胁邪薪懈械芯斜懈褌械谢懈写邪褌懈褉褍械褌褋褟 XIII 懈谢懈 1-泄锌芯谢. XV 胁., 泻芯谐写邪褋褉械写懈褋械褉斜芯胁褉邪褋锌褉芯褋褌褉邪薪懈谢芯褋褜锌芯褔懈褌邪薪懈械锌褉锌. 袩邪褉邪褋泻械胁褘 (袩械褌泻懈). 袩械褉胁褘屑锌懈褋褜屑械薪薪褘屑褍锌芯屑懈薪邪薪懈械屑芯斜懈褌械谢懈褋褔懈褌邪械褌褋褟薪邪写锌懈褋褜 1561 谐. (薪械褋芯褏褉.), 薪邪泄写械薪薪邪褟胁写褉械胁薪械泄屑芯薪邪褋褌褘褉褋泻芯泄褑械褉泻胁懈. 袙袩. 写械泄褋褌胁芯胁邪谢褋泻褉懈锌褌芯褉懈泄: 锌芯锌芯胁械谢械薪懈褞屑懈褌褉. 袟胁芯褉薪懈泻褋泻芯谐芯袩邪胁谢邪褉邪褋芯写械褉袪芯屑邪薪 2 芯泻褌. 1576 谐. 蟹邪泻芯薪褔懈谢蟹写械褋褜褋锌懈褋芯泻孝懈锌懈泻邪, 锌芯褋褌褉懈卸械薪懈泻芯斜懈褌械谢懈屑懈褌褉. 袘邪褔褋泻懈泄懈小械谐械写懈薪褋泻懈泄袚械芯褉谐懈泄 24 屑邪褟 1579 谐. 胁谢芯卸懈谢胁薪械械孝懈锌懈泻 (锌械褉械锌懈褋邪薪薪褘泄褌械屑卸械袪芯屑邪薪芯屑) 懈 20 懈褞薪褟 1581 谐.- 袝胁邪薪谐械谢懈械, 18 邪锌褉. 1590 谐. 懈械褉芯屑. 袩邪薪泻褉邪褌懈泄蟹邪胁械褉褕懈谢蟹写械褋褜褋锌懈褋芯泻袩褋邪谢褌懈褉懈. 袙 1629 谐. 胁屑芯薪-褉械 <a href="/text/孝邪胁薪邪.html"style="font-style:italic;">孝邪胁薪邪</a> 褋胁褟褖. 小褌芯褟薪锌械褉械锌懈褋邪谢袦懈薪械褞, 胁蟹褟褌褍褞懈蟹袩. 写谢褟泻芯锌懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟. 袙褌褍褉. 芯锌懈褋懈 1604 谐. 芯褌屑械褔械薪芯, 褔褌芯袩. 懈屑械械褌写芯褏芯写胁 600 邪褋锌褉懈. 袙 1-泄锌芯谢. XVIII 胁. 胁芯斜懈褌械谢懈写械泄褋褌胁芯胁邪谢邪褕泻芯谢邪写谢褟斜褍写. 褋胁褟褖械薪薪芯褋谢褍卸懈褌械谢械泄, 胁泻-褉芯泄锌褉械锌芯写邪胁邪谢懈懈械褉芯屑. 袠芯邪薪薪懈泻懈泄懈懈谐褍屑. 袚械芯褉谐懈泄. 袙芯胁褉械屑褟邪胁褋褌褉芯-褌褍褉. 胁芯泄薪褘, 胁 1789-1790 谐谐., 胁屑芯薪邪褋褌褘褉褋泻懈褏蟹写邪薪懈褟褏褋褌芯褟谢邪胁褋褌褉. 谐邪褉薪懈蟹芯薪, 褔褌芯, 胁械褉芯褟褌薪芯, 胁褘蟹胁邪谢芯芯锌褍褋褌械薪懈械芯斜懈褌械谢懈, 芯泻-褉芯屑褋芯芯斜褖邪械褌褋褟胁 1804 谐. 袦芯薪邪褕械褋泻邪褟卸懈蟹薪褜胁袩. 胁褋泻芯褉械胁芯蟹芯斜薪芯胁懈谢邪褋褜, 胁 1827 谐. 袩褉邪蟹写薪懈褔薪褍褞袦懈薪械褞芯斜懈褌械谢懈锌芯写邪褉懈谢袝胁褉械屑袨斜褉械薪芯胁懈褔 (褋屑. 胁褋褌. <a href="/text/袨斜褉械薪芯胁懈褔懈.html"style="font-style:italic;">袨斜褉械薪芯胁懈褔懈</a>), 褍锌褉邪胁懈褌械谢褜楔邪斜邪褑泻芯泄薪邪褏懈懈. 袙 1836 谐. 斜谢邪谐芯写邪褉褟锌芯屑芯褖懈褋械褉斜. 泻薪. 袦懈谢芯褕邪袨斜褉械薪芯胁懈褔邪屑芯薪-褉褜斜褘谢胁芯褋褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪. 袩芯褋谢械褋屑械褉褌懈薪邪褋褌芯褟褌械谢褟邪褉褏懈屑. 袩邪褏芯屑懈褟啸械褉褑械谐芯胁褔懈褔邪 (1844) 袩. 薪械写芯谢谐芯褟胁谢褟谢邪褋褜屑械褌芯褏芯屑褋芯褋械写薪械谐芯屑芯薪-褉褟效芯泻械褕懈薪邪. 袙 1858 谐. 胁芯斜懈褌械谢懈胁芯蟹胁械谢懈斜芯谢褜褕芯泄泻芯薪邪泻, 胁 1862 谐. 薪邪写褋褌褉芯懈谢懈邪谢褌邪褉薪褍褞邪锌褋懈写褍写芯胁褘褋芯褌褘薪械褎邪, 锌褉芯斜懈谢懈胁褏芯写胁褏褉邪屑褋褋械胁. 褋褌芯褉芯薪褘懈褉邪褋锌懈褋邪谢懈械谐芯胁薪褍褌褉械薪薪懈械懈胁薪械褕薪懈械褋褌械薪褘. 袙褌芯褌卸械锌械褉懈芯写斜褘谢懈褉邪蟹斜懈褌褘褋邪写懈胁懈薪芯谐褉邪写薪懈泻. 袙褔懈褋谢芯斜褉邪褌懈懈胁 1871-1872 谐谐. 胁褏芯写懈谢斜褍写. 械锌. 小泻芯锌褋泻懈泄 <a href="/text/肖懈褉屑懈谢懈邪薪 (袛褉邪卸懈褔).html"style="font-style:italic;">肖懈褉屑懈谢懈邪薪 (袛褉邪卸懈褔)</a>. 袙械褉芯褟褌薪芯, 锌芯褋谢械褉邪蟹斜芯褉邪胁 1862 谐. 褋褌芯谢斜芯胁, 锌芯写写械褉卸懈胁邪胁褕懈褏泻褍锌芯谢褑械褉泻胁懈, 锌芯褋褌械薪邪屑锌芯褕谢懈褌褉械褖懈薪褘, 懈蟹-蟹邪褔械谐芯胁薪械泄锌械褉械褋褌邪谢懈褋芯胁械褉褕邪褌褜褋谢褍卸斜褘懈胁 1885 谐. 褉邪蟹芯斜褉邪谢懈. 15 懈褞谢褟 1887 谐. 蟹邪谢芯卸械薪褏褉邪屑胁屑芯褉邪胁褋泻芯屑褋褌懈谢械薪邪褋褉械写褋褌胁邪褌芯褉谐芯胁褑邪袡芯褋懈褎邪袣褍褉褌芯胁懈褔邪, 胁锌芯褋谢. 胁褏褉邪屑械锌芯褋褌邪胁懈谢懈懈泻芯薪芯褋褌邪褋褉邪斜芯褌褘袧懈泻芯谢褘袦邪褉泻芯胁懈褔邪. 袙芯胁褉械屑褟锌械褉胁芯泄屑懈褉芯胁芯泄胁芯泄薪褘袩. 褉邪蟹谐褉邪斜懈谢懈, 懈谐褍屑. 小械胁邪褋褌懈邪薪 (袩械褉懈褔) 褋斜褉邪褌懈械泄斜褘谢懈薪褌械褉薪懈褉芯胁邪薪, 薪芯胁锌芯褋谢. 胁械褉薪褍谢褋褟胁芯斜懈褌械谢褜. 袙芯褋褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪懈械芯斜懈褌械谢懈薪邪褔邪谢懈谐褍屑. 袥褍泻懈邪薪袘懈褉褔邪薪懈薪 (1919-1922). 袙锌械褉懈芯写褋 1923 锌芯 1929 谐. 胁袩. 卸懈谢懈褉褍褋. 屑芯薪邪褏懈: 胁 1923 谐. 薪邪褋褌芯褟褌械谢械屑斜褘谢械锌. 小械胁邪褋褌芯锌芯谢褜褋泻懈泄 <a href="/text/袙械薪懈邪屑懈薪 (肖械写褔械薪泻芯胁).html"style="font-style:italic;">袙械薪懈邪屑懈薪 (肖械写褔械薪泻芯胁)</a>, 褋芯谐谢邪褋薪芯胁芯褋锌芯屑懈薪邪薪懈褟屑泻芯褌芯褉芯谐芯胁褌芯褌锌械褉懈芯写胁芯斜懈褌械谢懈卸懈谢懈 20-25 屑芯薪邪褏芯胁 (<span style="font-style:italic;">袙械薪懈邪屑懈薪 (肖械写褔械薪泻芯胁), 屑懈褌褉.</span> 袟邪锌懈褋泻懈邪褉褏懈械褉械褟. 袦., 2002. 小. 140-141, 874). 袟邪褌械屑薪邪褋褌芯褟褌械谢械屑斜褘谢褉褍褋. 邪褉褏懈屑. 袗褉懈褋褌邪褉褏 (袪芯写懈芯薪芯胁). 袙 1930-1933 谐谐. 胁袩. 卸懈谢懈 19 屑芯薪邪褏懈薪褜懈 3 锌芯褋谢褍褕薪懈褑褘褉褍褋. 锌褉芯懈褋褏芯卸写械薪懈褟懈 4 屑芯薪邪褏懈薪懈懈 8 锌芯褋谢褍褕薪懈褑 - 褋械褉斜褋泻芯谐芯, 薪邪褋褌芯褟褌械谢褜薪懈褑械泄斜褘谢邪懈谐褍屑. 小懈写芯薪懈褟. 袧芯胁褋泻芯褉械褋械褋褌褉褘锌芯褋褌械锌械薪薪芯锌械褉械褕谢懈胁屑芯薪-褉懈袞懈褔邪, 袙褉邪褔械胁褕薪懈褑邪, 袛褉邪褔邪懈袛懈胁芯褋褌懈薪, 邪袩. 胁 1935 谐. 斜褘谢邪芯斜褉邪褖械薪邪胁屑褍卸. 芯斜懈褌械谢褜. 袩芯褋谢械芯泻芯薪褔邪薪懈褟胁褌芯褉芯泄屑懈褉芯胁芯泄胁芯泄薪褘懈锌褉芯胁械写械薪懈褟邪谐褉邪褉薪芯泄褉械褎芯褉屑褘褍袩. 懈蟹 694 谐邪蟹械屑谢懈 (570 谐邪谢械褋邪, 105 谐邪锌邪褕薪懈懈芯泻. 20 谐邪褋邪写芯胁, 胁懈薪芯谐褉邪写薪懈泻芯胁懈芯谐芯褉芯写芯胁) 芯褋褌邪谢芯褋褜褌芯谢褜泻芯 8 谐邪蟹械屑谢懈, 胁褌. 褔. 2 谐邪谢械褋邪. 小 1951 谐. 袩. 胁薪芯胁褜褋褌邪谢邪卸械薪. 屑芯薪邪褋褌褘褉械屑. </p> <p> 2. 袩., 卸械薪. 屑芯薪-褉褜小褉械屑褋泻芯泄械锌邪褉褏懈懈; 褋屑. 胁褋褌. <a href="/text/肖褉褍褕泻邪-袚芯褉邪.html"style="font-style:italic;">肖褉褍褕泻邪-袚芯褉邪</a>. </p> <p> 3. 袩., 卸械薪. 屑芯薪-褉褜 <a href="/text/楔褍屑邪写懈泄褋泻芯泄械锌邪褉褏懈懈.html"style="font-style:italic;">楔褍屑邪写懈泄褋泻芯泄械锌邪褉褏懈懈</a>, 薪邪褏芯写懈褌褋褟斜谢懈蟹褋械谢. 小褌褉邪谐邪褉懈薪邪褋械胁.-胁芯褋褌. 褋泻谢芯薪械谐芯褉褘袪褍写薪懈泻. 袠褋褏芯写褟懈蟹写邪褌懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟薪械斜芯谢褜褕芯谐芯褏褉邪屑邪 (薪邪芯褋 9,5脳6 屑), 薪懈卸薪械谐芯褋谢芯褟褉芯褋锌懈褋懈 (褋芯褏褉. 褌芯谢褜泻芯芯斜褉邪蟹啸褉懈褋褌邪袩邪薪褌芯泻褉邪褌芯褉邪胁谢褞薪械褌械薪邪写胁褏芯写芯屑胁锌褉懈锌褉邪褌褍, 芯褌谢懈褔邪械褌褋褟胁褘褋芯泻懈屑褍褉芯胁薪械屑懈褋锌芯谢薪械薪懈褟懈斜谢懈蟹芯褋褌褜褞泻褎褉械褋泻邪屑屑芯薪-褉械泄袦懈谢械褕械胁邪懈小芯锌芯褔邪薪懈) 懈泻邪屑械薪薪芯谐芯褉械蟹薪芯谐芯懈泻芯薪芯褋褌邪褋邪锌芯褋谢械写薪懈屑懈写械褋褟褌懈谢械褌懈褟屑懈 XIII 胁., 邪薪邪褉褌械泻褋邪, 褞卸. 锌邪褉邪泻谢懈褋邪, 锌褉懈锌褉邪褌褘懈胁械褉褏薪械谐芯褋谢芯褟卸懈胁芯锌懈褋懈 (胁蟹邪锌. 褔邪褋褌懈褏褉邪屑邪懈胁锌褉懈锌褉邪褌械, 胁褘写械谢褟械褌褋褟褋褑械薪邪校褋锌械薪懈褟袩褉械褋胁. 袘芯谐芯褉芯写懈褑褘) - 2-泄锌芯谢. XIV 胁., 锌褉械写锌芯谢邪谐邪械褌褋褟, 褔褌芯袩. 芯褋薪芯胁邪薪邪胁泻芯薪. XIII 胁. 懈芯斜薪芯胁谢械薪邪锌褉懈泻薪. <a href="/text/袥邪蟹邪褉械.html"style="font-style:italic;">袥邪蟹邪褉械</a> (1375-1389). 袩芯褋谢械褌褍褉. 蟹邪胁芯械胁邪薪懈褟 (1459) 褍锌芯屑懈薪邪薪懈褟芯屑芯薪-褉械芯褌褋褍褌褋褌胁褍褞褌; 胁械褉芯褟褌薪芯, 芯薪芯锌褍褋褌械谢. 袙 1968/69 谐. 胁芯斜懈褌械谢懈锌褉芯褕谢懈邪褉褏械芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻懈械懈褉械褋褌邪胁褉邪褑懈芯薪薪褘械褉邪斜芯褌褘, 斜谢邪谐芯写邪褉褟泻-褉褘屑褏褉邪屑锌芯谢褍褔懈谢锌械褉胁芯薪邪褔邪谢褜薪褘泄胁懈写. 袣芯屑锌谢械泻褋斜褘谢胁芯褋褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪胁锌械褉懈芯写褋 1996 锌芯 2004 谐. 袙 2004 谐. 胁袩. 胁芯蟹芯斜薪芯胁谢械薪邪屑芯薪邪褕械褋泻邪褟卸懈蟹薪褜. </p> <div class="reference"> 袥懈褌.: <span style="font-style:italic;">袦懈谢懈褯械胁懈褯袦.</span> 袦邪薪邪褋褌懈褉懈褍小褉斜懈j懈 // 袚小校袛. 1867. 孝. 21. 小. 84-85; <span style="font-style:italic;">袙懈褌泻芯胁懈褯袚.</span> 袠蟹胁械褕褌邪j 袦邪泻褋懈屑邪袪邪褌泻芯胁懈褯邪, 械泻褋邪褉褏邪斜械芯谐褉邪写褋泻芯谐屑懈褌褉芯锌芯谢懈褌邪, 1733 // 孝邪屑卸械. 1884. 孝. 56. 小. 218-219; <span style="font-style:italic;">袦懈谢褍褌懈薪芯胁懈褯袛.</span> 袨褋褌邪褉懈薪懈屑邪薪-褉邪袩械褌泻芯胁懈褑械 // 小褌邪褉懈薪邪褉. 小械褉. 1. 袘械芯谐褉邪写, 1885. 袣褮. 2. 小. 73-93; <span style="font-style:italic;">袩芯锌芯胁懈褯袗. 袦.</span> 袩芯屑械薪懈泻楔邪斜邪褔泻芯-胁邪褭械胁褋泻械械锌邪褉褏懈j械. 袘械芯谐褉邪写, 1940. 小. 129-152; <span style="font-style:italic;">袩械褌泻芯胁懈褯袙.</span> 袩褉械谐谢械写褑褉泻胁械薪懈褏褋锌芯屑械薪懈泻邪泻褉芯蟹锌芯胁械褋薪懈褑褍褋褉锌褋泻芯谐薪邪褉芯写邪. 袘械芯谐褉邪写, 1950. 小. 246-247; <span style="font-style:italic;">袪邪薪泻芯胁懈褯袎.</span> 袦邪薪邪褋褌懈褉袩械褌泻芯胁懈褑邪锌芯写笑械褉芯屑. 楔邪斜邪褑, 1982. 小. 11-31, 35-36, 39; <span style="font-style:italic;">小褌芯j邪薪芯胁懈褯.</span> 袟邪锌懈褋懈. 1982. 袣褮. 1. 袘褉. 741, 742, 756, 808, 1143 1200; 1983. 袣褮. 2. 袘褉. 4051; 1984. 袣褮. 3. 袘褉. 4971; 1986. 袣褮. 4. 袘褉. 6383; <span style="font-style:italic;">袟懈褉芯j械胁懈褯袨.</span> 笑褉泻胁械懈屑邪薪邪褋褌懈褉懈薪邪锌芯写褉褍褔j褍袩械褯泻械锌邪褌褉懈j邪褉褕懈j械写芯 1683 谐. 袘械芯谐褉邪写, 1984. 小. 164; <span style="font-style:italic;">袦懈谢械褍褋薪懈褯小.</span> 袙芯写懈褔泻褉芯蟹屑邪薪-褉械褍小褉斜懈j懈. 袘械芯谐褉邪写, 1995. 小. 294-295; 笑褉泻胁邪: 袣邪谢械薪写邪褉小褉锌褋泻械锌褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪械锌邪褌褉懈j邪褉褕懈j械蟹邪锌褉芯褋褌褍 2006. 谐. 袘械芯谐褉邪写, 2006. 小. 500. <table class="onepixdot"><tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="reference"> 袥懈褌.: 小褉锌褋泻邪锌褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪邪械锌邪褉褏懈j邪褕褍屑邪写懈j褋泻邪, 1947-1997: 楔械屑邪褌懈蟹邪屑. 袣褉邪谐褍j械胁邪褑, 1997. 小. 215-218; 孝芯卸械, 1998. 袣褉邪谐褍j械胁邪褑, 1999. 小. 133. <table class="onepixdot"><tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="author"> <span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">袥. 袩褍蟹芯胁懈褔</span><span style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"> </span></div></div> </div> <div class="see_also_kw"> <div class="header">袪褍斜褉懈泻懈:</div> <span><a href="/rubrics/121596.html">小械褉斜褋泻邪褟袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪邪褟笑械褉泻芯胁褜. 袦芯薪邪褋褌褘褉懈</a></span> <meta itemprop="category" content="小械褉斜褋泻邪褟袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪邪褟笑械褉泻芯胁褜. 袦芯薪邪褋褌褘褉懈" /> </div> <div class="see_also_kw"> <div class="header">袣谢褞褔械胁褘械褋谢芯胁邪:</div> <span><a href="/search/keywords.html?kw=560210">袦芯薪邪褋褌褘褉懈小械褉斜褋泻芯泄袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪芯泄笑械褉泻胁懈</a></span> <span><a href="/search/keywords.html?kw=2776080">袩械褌泻芯胁懈褑邪, 薪邪蟹胁邪薪懈械薪械褋泻芯谢褜泻懈褏屑芯薪邪褋褌褘褉械泄胁芯懈屑褟锌褉械锌芯写芯斜薪芯泄袩邪褉邪褋泻械胁褘 (袩械褌泻懈) 小械褉斜褋泻芯泄袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪芯泄笑械褉泻胁懈</a></span> <div class="header">小屑.褌邪泻卸械:</div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/63728.html">袗袡袛袗袧袨袙袗笑袣袠袡袙袨袠袦携袙袝袥袠袣袨袦校效袝袧袠袣袗袚袝袨袪袚袠携袦校袞小袣袨袡袦袨袧袗小孝蝎袪鞋</a> 袧懈褕褋泻芯泄械锌邪褉褏懈懈小械褉斜褋泻芯泄袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪芯泄笑械褉泻胁懈</div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/77362.html">袘袗袟袠袗楔袦校袞小袣袨袡袦袨袧袗小孝蝎袪鞋</a> 小械褉斜褋泻芯泄袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪芯泄笑械褉泻胁懈</div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/77448.html">袘袗袥楔袠效小袣袠袝袦袨袧袗小孝蝎袪袠</a> 小械褉斜褋泻芯泄袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪芯泄笑械褉泻胁懈</div> <div class="article_in_list"><a href="/text/77496.html">袘袗袧鞋小袣袗袦袨袧袗小孝蝎袪鞋袙袨袠袦携小袙. 小孝袝肖袗袧袗</a> 小械褉斜褋泻芯泄袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪芯泄笑械褉泻胁懈 </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/highslide/highslide.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/highslide_cover.js"></script> <table class="onepixdot"><tbody><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <br clear="all" /> <div class="footer"> <a href="https://fapmc.gov.ru/rospechat.html">协谢械泻褌褉芯薪薪邪褟胁械褉褋懈褟褉邪蟹褉邪斜芯褌邪薪邪锌褉懈褎懈薪邪薪褋芯胁芯泄锌芯写写械褉卸泻械肖械写械褉邪谢褜薪芯谐芯邪谐械薪褌褋褌胁邪锌芯锌械褔邪褌懈懈屑邪褋褋芯胁褘屑泻芯屑屑褍薪懈泻邪褑懈褟屑</a> <br /> © 1998 - 2023 笑械褉泻芯胁薪芯-薪邪褍褔薪褘泄褑械薪褌褉芦袩褉邪胁芯褋谢邪胁薪邪褟协薪褑懈泻谢芯锌械写懈褟禄. </div> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); 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