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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_control_and_environmental_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_control_and_environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Land control and environmental issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_control_and_environmental_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Botany_and_agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Botany_and_agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Botany and agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Botany_and_agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kayapo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88" title="شعب الكيابو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شعب الكيابو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="གཱ་ཡ་པོ་མི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གཱ་ཡ་པོ་མི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayap%C3%B3" title="Kayapó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kayapó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayapo" title="Kayapo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kayapo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayap%C3%B3" title="Kayapó – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kayapó" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajapooj" title="Kajapooj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kajapooj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayapos" title="Kayapos – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kayapos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_caiap%C3%B3" title="Pobo caiapó – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo caiapó" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayap%C3%B3" title="Kayapó – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kayapó" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Kayapo" title="Orang Kayapo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Kayapo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayapo-f%C3%B3lki%C3%B0" title="Kayapo-fólkið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kayapo-fólkið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayap%C3%B3" title="Kayapó – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kayapó" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%BE" title="Каяпо – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Каяпо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayapo_mikrasane" title="Kayapo mikrasane – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kayapo mikrasane" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajapai" title="Kajapai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kajapai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88" title="شعب الكيابو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شعب الكيابو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayapo" title="Kayapo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kayapo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88" title="کیاپو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیاپو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caiap%C3%B3s" title="Caiapós – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caiapós" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayapo" title="Kayapo – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kayapo" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%BE" title="Каяпо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каяпо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayapo_people" title="Kayapo people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kayapo people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayap%C3%B3" title="Kayapó – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kayapó" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%BE" title="Каяпо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каяпо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1028240#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indigenous people in Brazil</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the language, see <a href="/wiki/Kayap%C3%B3_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayapó language">Kayapó language</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Mebêngôkre<br />Kayapó</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tu%C3%ADre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tu%C3%ADre.jpg/220px-Tu%C3%ADre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tu%C3%ADre.jpg/330px-Tu%C3%ADre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tu%C3%ADre.jpg/440px-Tu%C3%ADre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2243" data-file-height="2608" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Former Kayapó chief <a href="/wiki/Tu%C3%ADre_Kayap%C3%B3" title="Tuíre Kayapó">Tuíre Kayapó</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">8,638 (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-intro_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1" title="Pará">Pará</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-intro_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Kayapo_language" title="Kayapo language">Kayapo language</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kayapo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <b>Caiapó</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[kajaˈpɔ]</a></span>) people are the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people in Brazil">indigenous people in Brazil</a> who inhabit a vast area spreading across the states of <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1" title="Pará">Pará</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a>, south of the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_River" title="Amazon River">Amazon River</a> and along the <a href="/wiki/Xingu_River" title="Xingu River">Xingu River</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Tributaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Tributaries">tributaries</a>. This pattern has given rise to the nickname "the Xingu tribe".<sup id="cite_ref-intro_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are one of the various subgroups of the great Mebêngôkre nation (meaning "people from the water’s source").<sup id="cite_ref-posey2002_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posey2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "Kayapo" is used by neighbouring groups rather than the Kayapo themselves. They refer to outsiders as "Poanjos". </p><p>The type of <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potato</a> that forms an important part of the Kayapó diet is sometimes named "caiapo", after the tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is cultivated under that name in Japan, and has been found to have health benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayapo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 18th century, in the northeastern region of the present state of São Paulo, the Kayapo tribe first encountered the Portuguese Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Bandeirantes" title="Bandeirantes">bandeirantes</a>, who were looking for gold, precious stones and indigenous slaves. As a result, the Kayapó migrated west.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s and 1960s, the Brazilian government contacted the warlike Kayapós with the intention of making peace with them. Most Kayapós are currently in permanent contact with Brazilian society.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayapo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kayap%C3%B3_Indigenous_Territory" title="Kayapó Indigenous Territory">Kayapó Indigenous Territory</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terra_Ind%C3%ADgena_Kayap%C3%B3,_Par%C3%A1_(41216117570).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Terra_Ind%C3%ADgena_Kayap%C3%B3%2C_Par%C3%A1_%2841216117570%29.jpg/220px-Terra_Ind%C3%ADgena_Kayap%C3%B3%2C_Par%C3%A1_%2841216117570%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Terra_Ind%C3%ADgena_Kayap%C3%B3%2C_Par%C3%A1_%2841216117570%29.jpg/330px-Terra_Ind%C3%ADgena_Kayap%C3%B3%2C_Par%C3%A1_%2841216117570%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Terra_Ind%C3%ADgena_Kayap%C3%B3%2C_Par%C3%A1_%2841216117570%29.jpg/440px-Terra_Ind%C3%ADgena_Kayap%C3%B3%2C_Par%C3%A1_%2841216117570%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kayap%C3%B3_Indigenous_Territory" title="Kayapó Indigenous Territory">Kayapó Indigenous Territory</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Kayapo tribe lives alongside the Xingu River in the most east part of the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Rainforest" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Rainforest">Amazon Rainforest</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon basin</a>, in several scattered villages ranging in population from one hundred to one thousand people in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-dowie_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dowie-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their land consists of tropical rainforest savannah (grassland) and is arguably the largest tropical protected area in the entire world, covering 11,346,326 hectares of Neotropical forests and scrubland containing many endangered species.<sup id="cite_ref-posey_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posey-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have small hills scattered around their land and the area is criss-crossed by river valleys. The larger rivers feed into numerous pools and creeks, most of which lack official names. </p><p>In 2018, there was an estimated 8,638 Kayapo people,<sup id="cite_ref-intro_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is an increase from 7,096 in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subgroups of the Kayapo include the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xikrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xikrin (page does not exist)">Xikrin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorotire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorotire (page does not exist)">Gorotire</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekranoti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mekranoti (page does not exist)">Mekranoti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metyktire" title="Metyktire">Metyktire</a>. Their villages typically consist of a dozen huts. A centrally located hut serves as a meeting place for village men to discuss community issues.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayapo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term Kayapo, also spelled Caiapó or Kaiapó, came from neighboring peoples in the early 19th century and means "those who look like monkeys". This name is probably based on a Kayapó men's ritual involving monkey masks. The <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/autonym" class="extiw" title="wikt:autonym">autonym</a> for one village is <i>Mebêngôkre,</i> which means "the men from the water hole." Other names for them include <i>Gorotire, Kararaô, Kuben-Kran-Krên, Kôkraimôrô, Mekrãgnoti,</i> <i>Metyktire,</i> and <i>Xikrin.</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayapo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kayapo_3067a.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kayapo_3067a.JPG/220px-Kayapo_3067a.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kayapo_3067a.JPG/330px-Kayapo_3067a.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kayapo_3067a.JPG/440px-Kayapo_3067a.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Kayapo women, <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Pará State">Pará State</a>, Brazil</figcaption></figure> <p>The Kayapo use intricate black body paint covering their entire bodies. They believe that their ancestors learned their social skills from insects, so they paint their bodies to mimic them and to better communicate with the Spirit that exists everywhere. The black body paint also allows them to blend into their surroundings when hunting in the forests. To help find their way through the forest, the Kayapo paint their legs with red pigment that rubs off on the surrounding terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colors that a Kayapo wears is representative of their tribe's colors. </p><p>Older generations of Kayapo men wear <a href="/wiki/Lip_plate" title="Lip plate">disks in their lower lips</a>, but the practice is less common among younger Kayapo men.<sup id="cite_ref-posey2002_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posey2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The men adorn themselves with radiating feathers, representing the universe, in their hair. Kayapo men also can be seen with rope in their hair, to represent the rope which the first Kayapo used to arrive from the sky.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, Kayapo men cover their lower bodies with sheaths.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Due to increased contact with outside cultures, contemporary Kayapo often wear Western-style clothing such as shorts. Kayapo chiefs wear a headdress made out of bright yellow feathers to represent the rays of the sun.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The feathers used in their headdresses are from birds native to their area such as <a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_macaw" title="Hyacinth macaw">hyacinth macaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crested_oropendola" title="Crested oropendola">crested oropendola</a>. The birds found in the Amazon are naturally bright-colored; the Kayapo do not dye the feathers.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kayapo children wear cloth or beaded bands with colors representing their tribes. Typically these bands are tied below the waist or crisscrossed around the torso. When a child comes of age, they go through a naming ceremony in which they wear large yellow headdresses. </p><p>Kayapo women can be distinguished by the V shape shaved into their hair.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayapo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Kayapo speak the <a href="/wiki/Kayapo_language" title="Kayapo language">Kayapo language</a>, which belongs to the <a href="/wiki/J%C3%AA_languages" title="Jê languages">Jê language family</a>. They are split into many groups, resulting in different dialects of their language. The Kayapo value oratory highly, calling themselves those who speak beautifully (Kaben mei) when compared to other indigenous groups. Beauty is valued highly in the Kayapo culture. A beautiful name is seen as a sign of wealth. The tribe will move and re-construct their camp in order to find the materials required to undertake the naming ceremony eg. Sufficient food sources for celebration must be gathered and presented to the father of the newborn.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During certain occasions, Kayapo men may speak as if someone is punching them in the stomach. The Kayapo possess varying knowledge of Portuguese, depending on the individual groups and their history of contact with outsiders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Land_control_and_environmental_issues">Land control and environmental issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayapo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Land control and environmental issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kayapo_headdress_brazil_1910_nmai_E136110.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kayapo_headdress_brazil_1910_nmai_E136110.jpg/200px-Kayapo_headdress_brazil_1910_nmai_E136110.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kayapo_headdress_brazil_1910_nmai_E136110.jpg/300px-Kayapo_headdress_brazil_1910_nmai_E136110.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Kayapo_headdress_brazil_1910_nmai_E136110.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Kayapó headdress, or <i>ákkápa-ri</i>, ca. 1910, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">National Museum of the American Indian</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Kayapo have incorporated a great deal of traditional myth, ritual and cosmology<sup id="cite_ref-conway_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conway-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into their practices honouring the importance of the earth's relationship with the people. Threats to the forest home of the Kayapo have been an area of extreme concern in the last 30 years, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Brazil" title="Mining in Brazil">mining</a> and logging enterprises which threatened to destroy the rainforest, and thus the Kayapo's way of life. In the village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorotire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorotire (page does not exist)">Gorotire</a>, the Kayapo made a deal with prospectors that mining could take place as long as they received a percentage of the mining proceeds and had their territory demarcated.<sup id="cite_ref-rabben_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rabben-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gold mining operation was initially seen as a positive development, which brought money into the local economy. With money filtering into the economy, better housing, improved education and a resulting level of health were achieved. However, the initial benefits of mining also resulted in high levels of pollution in the area which seeped into water ways and nearby river banks<sup id="cite_ref-rabben_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rabben-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and decimated local fish populations with high quantities of mercury.<sup id="cite_ref-zanotti_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zanotti-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to striking environmental threats, social habits began to change with the introduction of outside influences in the area. Men began to spend more time in town drinking, and engaging in "conspicuous consumption and womanising."<sup id="cite_ref-rabben_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rabben-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This increased interaction with outside groups elevated the levels of disease, which posed an imminent threat to the people because of their relative seclusion and limited access to medical care. In addition, the diminishing resource base caused conflicts between the Kayapo and neighbouring villages which often resulted in explosive and long standing disputes.<sup id="cite_ref-zanotti_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zanotti-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kayapo people used forceful tactics to banish <a href="/wiki/Loggers" class="mw-redirect" title="Loggers">loggers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miners" class="mw-redirect" title="Miners">miners</a> in some areas, as well as to establish themselves as an economic force. Developers ranging from gold miners to soy farmers and cattle ranchers were often killed.<sup id="cite_ref-dowie_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dowie-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987, new land issues arose when the government proposed a series of hydroelectric dams to be built in the <a href="/wiki/Xingu_River" title="Xingu River">Xingu River</a> area, namely the <a href="/wiki/Belo_Monte_Dam" title="Belo Monte Dam">Belo Monte Dam</a>. These dams were an imminent threat to the Kayapo with the potential to <a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">displace</a> upwards of 20,000 people from their lands.<sup id="cite_ref-hall_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Paulinho_Paiakan" title="Paulinho Paiakan">Paulinho Paiakan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Altamira_Gathering" title="Altamira Gathering">Altamira Gathering</a> was orchestrated by the Kayapo, drawing media attention worldwide. This demonstration, staged at the planned site for the first dam in <a href="/wiki/Altamira,_Par%C3%A1" title="Altamira, Pará">Altamira, Pará</a>, lasted several days and brought much pressure upon both the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and the Brazilian government.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Altamira gathering brought the Kayapo, as well as other Indigenous Brazilian Peoples and their supporters into a forum where discussion could be had about how to protect the environment and the native peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-posey2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posey2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kayapo demanded information that was being withheld by the government relating to the negative consequences for their people who would be directly affected by the construction of the dam, as well as rural Brazilians in the Xingu River area, who they felt were not receiving adequate and fair information.<sup id="cite_ref-conway_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conway-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kayapo continued to fight adversity and retaliated using traditional war oratory and dances, proving that they were not only capable of "effectively reintegrating their society, (but) also of adapting their organization and culture to manipulate the mass media that covered the demonstration".<sup id="cite_ref-posey2_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posey2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kayapo attended the meeting to protest the hydroelectric dam development whilst in traditional costume and wielding machetes. Perhaps "the most dramatic single image to emerge from this tumultuous gathering was that of <a href="/wiki/Tu%C3%ADra" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuíra">Tuíra</a>, a female indigenous leader, angrily waving a <a href="/wiki/Machete" title="Machete">machete</a> in the face of engineer José Antônio Muniz Lópes (later president of Eletronorte, the state power company in charge of the dam), which had worldwide repercussions and probably influenced further postponement of the project".<sup id="cite_ref-hall_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:05.06.2023_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_por_ocasi%C3%A3o_do_Dia_Mundial_do_Meio_Ambiente_(52954216965).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/05.06.2023_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_por_ocasi%C3%A3o_do_Dia_Mundial_do_Meio_Ambiente_%2852954216965%29.jpg/220px-05.06.2023_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_por_ocasi%C3%A3o_do_Dia_Mundial_do_Meio_Ambiente_%2852954216965%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/05.06.2023_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_por_ocasi%C3%A3o_do_Dia_Mundial_do_Meio_Ambiente_%2852954216965%29.jpg/330px-05.06.2023_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_por_ocasi%C3%A3o_do_Dia_Mundial_do_Meio_Ambiente_%2852954216965%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/05.06.2023_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_por_ocasi%C3%A3o_do_Dia_Mundial_do_Meio_Ambiente_%2852954216965%29.jpg/440px-05.06.2023_-_Cerim%C3%B4nia_por_ocasi%C3%A3o_do_Dia_Mundial_do_Meio_Ambiente_%2852954216965%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4909" data-file-height="3273" /></a><figcaption>Kayapo chief <a href="/wiki/Raoni_Metuktire" title="Raoni Metuktire">Raoni Metuktire</a> with Brazilian President <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An important media element of the presentations was the appearance of the rock star <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a> during the demonstration. Sting continued to support the Kayapo in their efforts to protect their land, and in 1989 he founded the <a href="/wiki/Rainforest_Foundation_Fund" title="Rainforest Foundation Fund">Rainforest Foundation Fund</a>. Three years later, the first privately funded demarcation of the Brazilian indigenous reserve was made possible by the RFF.<sup id="cite_ref-rabben_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rabben-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, they were again threatened by secretive government plans to build a series of hydroelectric dams on their land. The <a href="/wiki/Belo_Monte_Dam" title="Belo Monte Dam">Belo Monte Dam</a> resurfaced, and would be built on the Xingu River, the homeland to many Kayapo people. The Construction plans continue to be fought by the Kayapo people.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Government corruption continues to weaken the resistance efforts of the indigenous and opposition forces within the government.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kayapo leaders protesting the creation of the dam are constantly threatened, and some have been killed by developers and land prospectors.<sup id="cite_ref-hall_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the nature of the circumstances, these crimes are rarely punished. </p><p>The forest is the home of the Kayapo and they rely on its bounty for their food and medicinal needs. Rivers are essential to their way of life and <a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_Brazil" title="Gold mining in Brazil">gold mining in Brazil</a> is polluting the rivers, while the proposed Belo Monte Dam project would use up vast amounts of resources essential to the survival and livelihood of the Kayapo and would severely impact fishing conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-hall_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 18,000-25,000 (indirectly associated) jobs will be created by the construction of the dam.<sup id="cite_ref-hall_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These numbers will have a vast and far reaching implication on population growth in the area which has the very real potential to put even more pressure on the fragile forest infrastructure and ever decreasing natural resource base, escalating concerns of flooding and deforestation in particular. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Botany_and_agriculture">Botany and agriculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayapo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Botany and agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Headdress_worn_in_ceremonies_by_boys_and_men,_Kayapo_culture,_Porori,_Xingu_National_Park,_Mato_Grosso,_Brazil,_c._1966_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09546.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Headdress_worn_in_ceremonies_by_boys_and_men%2C_Kayapo_culture%2C_Porori%2C_Xingu_National_Park%2C_Mato_Grosso%2C_Brazil%2C_c._1966_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09546.JPG/210px-Headdress_worn_in_ceremonies_by_boys_and_men%2C_Kayapo_culture%2C_Porori%2C_Xingu_National_Park%2C_Mato_Grosso%2C_Brazil%2C_c._1966_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09546.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Headdress_worn_in_ceremonies_by_boys_and_men%2C_Kayapo_culture%2C_Porori%2C_Xingu_National_Park%2C_Mato_Grosso%2C_Brazil%2C_c._1966_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09546.JPG/315px-Headdress_worn_in_ceremonies_by_boys_and_men%2C_Kayapo_culture%2C_Porori%2C_Xingu_National_Park%2C_Mato_Grosso%2C_Brazil%2C_c._1966_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09546.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Headdress_worn_in_ceremonies_by_boys_and_men%2C_Kayapo_culture%2C_Porori%2C_Xingu_National_Park%2C_Mato_Grosso%2C_Brazil%2C_c._1966_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09546.JPG/420px-Headdress_worn_in_ceremonies_by_boys_and_men%2C_Kayapo_culture%2C_Porori%2C_Xingu_National_Park%2C_Mato_Grosso%2C_Brazil%2C_c._1966_-_Royal_Ontario_Museum_-_DSC09546.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irYfbY_jryY">Kayapó Headdress: a glimpse of life in the Amazon rainforest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smarthistory" title="Smarthistory">Smarthistory</a> at <a href="/wiki/Khan_Academy" title="Khan Academy">Khan Academy</a>, (5:15), November 25, 2014</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The resource patterns of the Kayapo are non-destructive to the resource base but require a very large area of land.<sup id="cite_ref-posey_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posey-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kayapo people use <a href="/wiki/Shifting_cultivation" title="Shifting cultivation">shifting cultivation</a>, a type of farming where land is cultivated for a few years, after which the people move to a new area. New farmland is cleared and the old farm is allowed to lie fallow and replenish itself.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The particular type of shifting agriculture employed most frequently by the Kayapo is the <a href="/wiki/Slash_and_burn" class="mw-redirect" title="Slash and burn">slash and burn</a> technique. This process allows forested areas to be cut down and burned in order for cultivation of the lands to take place. These “new fields” “peak in production of principal domesticated crops in two or three years but continue to reproduce for many years; e.g., sweet potatoes for four to five years, yams and taro for five to six years, manioc for four to six years, and papaya for five or more years”.<sup id="cite_ref-posey_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posey-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Old fields are important for their concentration of medicinal plants.<sup id="cite_ref-posey_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posey-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the spread of indigenous groups, trail-side plantings and “forest fields” were also used for cultivating crops.<sup id="cite_ref-posey_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posey-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trails systems were extensive in the area and were used for transporting and growing crops along their margins. The field system was done by utilizing either naturally occurring or man made clearings in the forest for crop cultivation which required little maintenance afterward.<sup id="cite_ref-posey2_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posey2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kayapo also cultivated “war gardens” which were hidden plots used as a resource in times of food scarcity.<sup id="cite_ref-posey2_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-posey2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kayapo use approximately 250 different food plants and 650 different medicinal plants that they find around their village.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They also have trade agreements with <a href="/wiki/The_Body_Shop" title="The Body Shop">The Body Shop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayapo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raoni_Metuktire" title="Raoni Metuktire">Raoni Metuktire</a>, Kayapo chief and environmentalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_preta" title="Terra preta">Terra preta</a>, dark, fertile artificial soil found in the Amazon Basin</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayapo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-intro-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-intro_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-intro_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-intro_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-intro_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Meb%C3%AAng%C3%B4kre_(Kayap%C3%B3)">"Mebêngôkre (Kayapó)"</a>. Povos Indígenas no Brasil<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meb%C3%AAng%C3%B4kre+%28Kayap%C3%B3%29&rft.pub=Povos+Ind%C3%ADgenas+no+Brasil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpib.socioambiental.org%2Fen%2FPovo%3AMeb%25C3%25AAng%25C3%25B4kre_%28Kayap%25C3%25B3%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKayapo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-posey2002-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-posey2002_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-posey2002_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosey2002" class="citation book cs1">Posey, Darrell A (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027232005/https://studylib.net/doc/8747946/kayap%C3%B3-ethnoecology-and-culture"><i>Kayapó Ethnoecology and Culture</i></a>. London and New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-27791-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-27791-4"><bdi>0-415-27791-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studylib.net/doc/8747946/kayap%C3%B3-ethnoecology-and-culture">the original</a> on 2018-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kayap%C3%B3+Ethnoecology+and+Culture&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-415-27791-4&rft.aulast=Posey&rft.aufirst=Darrell+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudylib.net%2Fdoc%2F8747946%2Fkayap%25C3%25B3-ethnoecology-and-culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKayapo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biofoundations.org/caiapo-sweet-potato-ipomoea-batatas-shows-beneficial-effects-of-improving-insulin-resistance/">"Caiapo Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Shows Beneficial Effects of Improving Insulin Resistance"</a>. <i>BioFoundations</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(November 2008). "Conflicting Cultures of Nature: Ecotourism, Education and the Kayapo of the Brazilian Amazon". <i>Tourism Geographies</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 495–521. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14616680802434114">10.1080/14616680802434114</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154911916">154911916</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tourism+Geographies&rft.atitle=Conflicting+Cultures+of+Nature%3A+Ecotourism%2C+Education+and+the+Kayapo+of+the+Brazilian+Amazon&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=495-521&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14616680802434114&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154911916%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zanotti&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Chernela%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKayapo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hall-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hall_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hall_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hall_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hall_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hall_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallBranford2012" class="citation journal cs1">Hall, Anthony; Branford, Sue (6 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/46393/">"Development, Dams and Dilma: the Saga of Belo Monte"</a>. <i>Critical Sociology</i>. <b>38</b> (6): 851–862. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0896920512440712">10.1177/0896920512440712</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146445626">146445626</a>. <q>* _ *</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Sociology&rft.atitle=Development%2C+Dams+and+Dilma%3A+the+Saga+of+Belo+Monte&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=851-862&rft.date=2012-07-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0896920512440712&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146445626%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=Branford%2C+Sue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.lse.ac.uk%2F46393%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKayapo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClendenning2008" class="citation news cs1">Clendenning, Alan (May 21, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528063255/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/05/080521-AP-indians-dam.html">"Amazon Indians Attack Official Over Dam Project"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/05/080521-AP-indians-dam.html">the original</a> on May 28, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Amazon+Indians+Attack+Official+Over+Dam+Project&rft.date=2008-05-21&rft.aulast=Clendenning&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2008%2F05%2F080521-AP-indians-dam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKayapo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-posey2-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-posey2_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-posey2_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-posey2_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-posey2_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosey1994" class="citation book cs1">Posey, Darrel A. (1994). "Chapter 12: Environmental and Social Implications of Pre- and Postcontact Situations on Brazilian Indians: The Kayapo and a New Amazonian Synthesis". In Roosevelt, A. (ed.). <i>Amazonian Indians: From Prehistory to the Present</i>. The University of Arizona Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8165-1436-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8165-1436-4"><bdi>0-8165-1436-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+12%3A+Environmental+and+Social+Implications+of+Pre-+and+Postcontact+Situations+on+Brazilian+Indians%3A+The+Kayapo+and+a+New+Amazonian+Synthesis&rft.btitle=Amazonian+Indians%3A+From+Prehistory+to+the+Present&rft.pub=The+University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8165-1436-4&rft.aulast=Posey&rft.aufirst=Darrel+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKayapo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational" class="citation web cs1">International, Survival. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.survivalinternational.org/about/belo-monte-dam">"Belo Monte dam"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belo+Monte+dam&rft.aulast=International&rft.aufirst=Survival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.survivalinternational.org%2Fabout%2Fbelo-monte-dam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKayapo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWindh2011" class="citation news cs1">Windh, Jacqueline (3 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/jun/03/amazon-tribe-kayapo-people-bel-monte-dam">"The Brazilian tribe that played by our rules, and lost"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Brazilian+tribe+that+played+by+our+rules%2C+and+lost&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft.aulast=Windh&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2011%2Fjun%2F03%2Famazon-tribe-kayapo-people-bel-monte-dam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKayapo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson,_Edward_O.1988" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Edward O., ed. (1988). <i>Biodiversity, Part 3</i>. National Academies Press. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-309-03739-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-309-03739-5"><bdi>0-309-03739-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biodiversity%2C+Part+3&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-309-03739-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKayapo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcConnell2003" class="citation book cs1">McConnell, Douglas John (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QYBSfUJPQXcC&pg=PA108"><i>The forest farms of Kandy: and other gardens of complete design</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-0958-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-0958-8"><bdi>0-7546-0958-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+forest+farms+of+Kandy%3A+and+other+gardens+of+complete+design&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7546-0958-8&rft.aulast=McConnell&rft.aufirst=Douglas+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQYBSfUJPQXcC%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKayapo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brazzil.com/p20jun97.htm">"Kayapo: The Body Shop states its case"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kayapo%3A+The+Body+Shop+states+its+case&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brazzil.com%2Fp20jun97.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKayapo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayapo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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peoples of Brazil"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_peoples_of_Brazil" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous peoples of Brazil"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Brazil&#124;link=Brazil_Indigenous_peoples_of_Brazil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Indigenous peoples</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Indigenous_peoples_of_the_North_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Indigenous peoples of the <a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Brazil" title="North Region, Brazil">North Region</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acre_(state)" title="Acre (state)">Acre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apurin%C3%A3" title="Apurinã">Apurinã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash%C3%A1ninka" title="Asháninka">Asháninka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaxinaw%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaxinawá">Kaxinawá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulina_people" title="Kulina people">Kulina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machinere" title="Machinere">Machinere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaminaw%C3%A1" title="Yaminawá">Yaminawá</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aparai_people" title="Aparai people">Aparai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Kalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karipuna_do_Amap%C3%A1" title="Karipuna do Amapá">Karipuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palikur" title="Palikur">Palikur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayampi" title="Wayampi">Wayampi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_(Brazilian_state)" title="Amazonas (Brazilian state)">Amazonas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amahuaca" title="Amahuaca">Amahuaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apurin%C3%A3" title="Apurinã">Apurinã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banaw%C3%A1" title="Banawá">Banawá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baniwa" title="Baniwa">Baniwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barasana" title="Barasana">Barasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bora_people" title="Bora people">Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambeba" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambeba">Cambeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubeo_people" title="Cubeo people">Cubeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2w_people" title="Dâw people">Dâw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hupda_people" title="Hupda people">Hupda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamamadi" title="Jamamadi">Jamamadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juma_people" title="Juma people">Juma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korubo" title="Korubo">Korubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulina_people" title="Kulina people">Kulina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macuna" title="Macuna">Macuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maw%C3%A9_people" title="Mawé people">Mawé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matis" title="Matis">Matis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mats%C3%A9s" title="Matsés">Matsés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munduruku" title="Munduruku">Munduruku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mura_people" title="Mura people">Mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parintint%C3%ADn" title="Parintintín">Parintintín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirah%C3%A3_people" title="Pirahã people">Pirahã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pira-tapuya" title="Pira-tapuya">Pira-tapuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siriano" title="Siriano">Siriano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariana_people" title="Tariana people">Tariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temb%C3%A9" title="Tembé">Tembé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenharim" title="Tenharim">Tenharim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticuna" title="Ticuna">Ticuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiriy%C3%B3_people" title="Tiriyó people">Tiriyó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucano_people" title="Tucano people">Tucano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turiw%C3%A1ra" title="Turiwára">Turiwára</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wai-wai_people" title="Wai-wai people">Wai-wai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayampi" title="Wayampi">Wayampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayana" title="Wayana">Wayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Amazonian_Indians" title="White Amazonian Indians">White Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witoto_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Witoto people">Witoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanomami" title="Yanomami">Yanomami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuruah%C3%A3" title="Zuruahã">Zuruahã</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1" title="Pará">Pará</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanay%C3%A9" title="Amanayé">Amanayé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anamb%C3%A9_people" title="Anambé people">Anambé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparai_people" title="Aparai people">Aparai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apiac%C3%A1" title="Apiacá">Apiacá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arara_(Par%C3%A1)" title="Arara (Pará)">Arara</a> (Pará)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arawet%C3%A9" title="Araweté">Araweté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atikum" title="Atikum">Atikum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaj%C3%A1" title="Karajá">Karajá</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kayapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E1%BB%B3ikat%C3%AAj%C3%AA_people" title="Kỳikatêjê people">Kỳikatêjê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munduruku" title="Munduruku">Munduruku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkat%C3%AAj%C3%AA_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkatêjê people">Parkatêjê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parakan%C3%A3_people" title="Parakanã people">Parakanã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru%C3%AD_(Par%C3%A1)" title="Suruí (Pará)">Suruí (Pará)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temb%C3%A9" title="Tembé">Tembé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiriy%C3%B3_people" title="Tiriyó people">Tiriyó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turiw%C3%A1ra" title="Turiwára">Turiwára</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wai-wai_people" title="Wai-wai people">Wai-wai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayampi" title="Wayampi">Wayampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayana" title="Wayana">Wayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zo%27%C3%A9" title="Zo'é">Zo'é</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rond%C3%B4nia" title="Rondônia">Rondônia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aikan%C3%A3_people" title="Aikanã people">Aikanã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akuntsu" title="Akuntsu">Akuntsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arara_(Rond%C3%B4nia)" title="Arara (Rondônia)">Arara</a> (Rondônia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinta_Larga" title="Cinta Larga">Cinta Larga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavi%C3%A3o_(Rond%C3%B4nia)" title="Gavião (Rondônia)">Gavião</a> (Rondônia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kano%C3%AA" title="Kanoê">Kanoê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karitiana" title="Karitiana">Karitiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaza_people" title="Kwaza people">Kwaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiter" title="Paiter">Paiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau" title="Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau">Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wari%E2%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wari’">Wari’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roraima" title="Roraima">Roraima</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akawaio_people" title="Akawaio people">Akawaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macushi" title="Macushi">Macushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patamona_people" title="Patamona people">Patamona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemon" title="Pemon">Pemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapishana" title="Wapishana">Wapishana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanomami" title="Yanomami">Yanomami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%27kuana" title="Ye'kuana">Ye'kuana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tocantins" title="Tocantins">Tocantins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apinaj%C3%A9_people" title="Apinajé people">Apinajé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaj%C3%A1" title="Karajá">Karajá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krah%C3%B4" title="Krahô">Krahô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapirap%C3%A9" title="Tapirapé">Tapirapé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xambio%C3%A1" title="Xambioá">Xambioá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerente" title="Xerente">Xerente</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Northeast_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Indigenous peoples of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Northeast Region, Brazil">Northeast Region</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patax%C3%B3_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pataxó people">Pataxó</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiriri_people" title="Kiriri people">Kiriri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabajara_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabajara people">Tabajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapeba_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapeba people">Tapeba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aw%C3%A1-Guaj%C3%A1_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Awá-Guajá people">Awá-Guajá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canela_people" title="Canela people">Canela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajajara" title="Guajajara">Guajajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27apor_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka'apor people">Ka'apor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krikati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krikati (page does not exist)">Krĩkatí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pykobj%C3%AA_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pykobjê people">Gavião-Pykobjê</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potiguara_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Potiguara people">Potiguara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xukuru_people" title="Xukuru people">Xukuru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Central-West_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Indigenous peoples of the <a href="/wiki/Central-West_Region,_Brazil" title="Central-West Region, Brazil">Central-West Region</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A1s" title="Goiás">Goiás</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Av%C3%A1-Canoeiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Avá-Canoeiro">Avá-Canoeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaj%C3%A1" title="Karajá">Karajá</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimor%C3%A9_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aimoré people">Aimoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apiac%C3%A1_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Apiacá people">Apiacá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aweti" title="Aweti">Aweti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakairi_people" title="Bakairi people">Bakairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bororo" title="Bororo">Bororo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiquitano_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiquitano people">Chiquitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinta_Larga_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinta Larga people">Cinta Larga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enawene_Nawe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Enawene Nawe people">Enawene Nawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guat%C3%B3_people" title="Guató people">Guató</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikpeng_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikpeng people">Ikpeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiabi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiabi people">Kaiabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalapalo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalapalo people">Kalapalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamayur%C3%A1_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamayurá people">Kamayurá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaj%C3%A1" title="Karajá">Karajá</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kayapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuikuro_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuikuro people">Kuikuro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matipu_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Matipu people">Matipu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munduruku_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Munduruku people">Munduruku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahuku%C3%A1" title="Nahukuá">Nahukuá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambikwara_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nambikwara people">Nambikwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiter_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Paiter people">Paiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panar%C3%A1_people" title="Panará people">Panará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paresi_language" title="Paresi language">Paresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rikbaktsa_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Rikbaktsa people">Rikbaktsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suy%C3%A1_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Suyá people">Kĩsêdjê (Suyá)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapay%C3%BAna_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapayúna people">Tapayúna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapirap%C3%A9_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapirapé people">Tapirapé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terena_people" title="Terena people">Terena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumai_people" title="Trumai people">Trumai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umutina" title="Umutina">Umutina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wauja_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wauja people">Wauja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavante_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Xavante people">Xavante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawalapiti" title="Yawalapiti">Yawalapiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yudj%C3%A1" title="Yudjá">Yudjá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zor%C3%B3" title="Zoró">Zoró</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso_do_Sul" title="Mato Grosso do Sul">Mato Grosso do Sul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamacoco" title="Chamacoco">Chamacoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani-Kaiow%C3%A1" title="Guarani-Kaiowá">Guarani-Kaiowá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guat%C3%B3_people" title="Guató people">Guató</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadiweu_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadiweu people">Kadiweu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbay%C3%A1_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbayá people">Mbayá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofay%C3%A9_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofayé people">Ofayé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terena_people" title="Terena people">Terena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Indigenous_peoples_of_the_South_and_Southeast_Regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Indigenous peoples of the <a href="/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil" title="South Region, Brazil">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">Southeast Regions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupiniquim_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupiniquim people">Tupiniquim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimor%C3%A9_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aimoré people">Aimoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaxix%C3%B3" title="Kaxixó">Kaxixó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xakriab%C3%A1_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Xakriabá people">Xakriabá</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xokleng" title="Xokleng">Xokleng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimor%C3%A9_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aimoré people">Aimoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaingang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaingang people">Kaingang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terena_people" title="Terena people">Terena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Widespread</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaingang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaingang people">Kaingang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028240#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028240#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028240#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85021553">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12299352w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12299352w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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