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id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Пра праект, чым можна заняцца, дзе што шукаць"><span>Супольнасць</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:RecentChanges" title="Пералік нядаўніх змяненняў у віксе. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія змены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:NewPages"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-Village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC"><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Random" title="Паказаць выпадковую старонку [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Выпадковая старонка</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дзе можна атрымаць тлумачэнні."><span>Даведка</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Паведаміць пра памылку</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:SpecialPages"><span>Адмысловыя старонкі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпедыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be.svg" style="width: 7.625em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-be.svg" width="117" height="12" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пошук</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" aria-label="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Адмысловае:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пошук</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Выгляд" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Выгляд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be" class=""><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=IPv4" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова" class=""><span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=IPv4" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Меню ўдзельніка" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be"><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=IPv4" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=IPv4" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для ананімных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" aria-label="Даведацца больш пра праўку"><span>даведацца больш</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyContributions" title="Спіс правак, зробленых з гэтага IP-адраса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Уклад</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyTalk" title="Размовы пра праўкі, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адраса [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Змест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Змест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Адрасацыя" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Адрасацыя"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Адрасацыя</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Адрасацыя-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Змяніць стан падраздзелу Адрасацыя</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Адрасацыя-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Уяўленне_адрасу" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Уяўленне_адрасу"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Уяўленне адрасу</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Уяўленне_адрасу-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Зарэзерваваня_адрасы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Зарэзерваваня_адрасы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Зарэзерваваня адрасы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Зарэзерваваня_адрасы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Структура_пакету" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Структура_пакету"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Структура пакету</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Структура_пакету-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вычарпанне_адраснай_прасторы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вычарпанне_адраснай_прасторы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Вычарпанне адраснай прасторы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вычарпанне_адраснай_прасторы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гл._таксама" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гл._таксама"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Гл. таксама</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гл._таксама-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Зноскі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Зноскі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Зноскі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Зноскі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Змест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Змест" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Пераключыць змест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Пераключыць змест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">IPv4</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсці да артыкула на іншай мове. Даступны на 49 мовах." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 моў</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="выдатны артыкул"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9)" title="بروتوكول الإنترنت (الإصدار الرابع) – арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروتوكول الإنترنت (الإصدار الرابع)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – азербайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – балгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="балгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%AA" title="আইপিভি৪ – бенгальская" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইপিভি৪" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – баснійская" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="баснійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – чэшская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэшская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – грэчаская" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грэчаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – англійская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – іспанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="іспанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – баскская" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%87_%DB%B4" title="پروتکل اینترنت نسخه ۴ – фарсі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پروتکل اینترنت نسخه ۴" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – французская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocolo_IPv4" title="Protocolo IPv4 – галісійская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Protocolo IPv4" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галісійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – гуджараці" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджараці" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2_4" title="इंटरनेट प्रोटोकॉल 4 – хіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंटरनेट प्रोटोकॉल 4" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamat_IP_versi_4" title="Alamat IP versi 4 – інданезійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alamat IP versi 4" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданезійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – лінгала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лінгала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – латышская" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – македонская" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF4" title="ഐപിവി4 – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐപിവി4" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – мангольская" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="мангольская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – малайская" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol_versie_4" title="Internet Protocol versie 4 – нідэрландская" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internet Protocol versie 4" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – нарвежская (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="нарвежская (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – руская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – сербскахарвацкая" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскахарвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – сербская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – шведская" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_4" title="இணைய நெறிமுறைப் பதிப்பு 4 – тамільская" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இணைய நெறிமுறைப் பதிப்பு 4" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – в’етнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="в’етнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – ёруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ёруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4 – кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="IPv4" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11103#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Правіць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="Паказаць уласна змест старонкі [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Старонка</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B:IPv4&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Размовы пра змест гэтай старонкі (няма такой старонкі) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Змяніць моўны варыянт" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">беларуская</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Віды"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/IPv4"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&veaction=edit" title="Правіць старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Правіць</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&action=edit" title="Правіць зыходны код гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Правіць зыходнік</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&action=history" title="Ранейшыя версіі гэтай старонкі. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Інструменты" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Інструменты</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дзеянні </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/IPv4"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&veaction=edit" title="Правіць старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Правіць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&action=edit" title="Правіць зыходны код гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Правіць зыходнік</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&action=history"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Агульныя </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:WhatLinksHere/IPv4" title="Спіс вікістаронак, якія спасылаюцца сюды [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Сюды спасылаюцца</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:RecentChangesLinked/IPv4" rel="nofollow" title="Нядаўнія змены ў старонках, на якія спасылаецца гэтая старонка [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Звязаныя праўкі</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&action=info" title="Больш звестак пра гэту старонку"><span>Звесткі пра старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIPv4"><span>Атрымаць скарочаны URL-адрас</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIPv4"><span>Спампаваць QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Друк/экспарт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=IPv4"><span>Стварыць кнігу</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=IPv4&action=show-download-screen"><span>Спампаваць як PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&printable=yes" title="Друкавальная версія гэтай старонкі [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Для друку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> У іншых праектах </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:IPv4" hreflang="en"><span>Вікісховішча</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z10476" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11103" title="Спасылка на звязаны элемент рэпазітара даных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Элемент Вікіданых</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-indicator-fr-review-status" class="mw-indicator"><indicator name="fr-review-status" class="mw-fr-review-status-indicator" id="mw-fr-revision-toggle"><span class="cdx-fr-css-icon-review--status--unchecked"></span><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Вікіпедыя:Догляд">Неправераная</a></b></indicator></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">З Вікіпедыі, свабоднай энцыклапедыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div id="mw-fr-revision-details" class="mw-fr-revision-details-dialog" style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Статус версіі старонкі</h2><p class="cdx-dialog__header__subtitle">The page has not been checked</p></div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium
							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">У гэтай старонкі няма <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Вікіпедыя:Догляд">правераных версій</a>, хутчэй за ўсё, яе якасць <b>не</b> ацэньвалася на адпаведнасць стандартам.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox-d42dcd7e371b1534" style="" data-name="IPv4"> <tbody><tr> <th class="plainlist">Назва:</th> <td class="plainlist"> Internet Protocol version 4</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Сямейства:</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Прызначэнне пратаколу:</th> <td class="plainlist"> Адрасацыя</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Спецыфікацыя:</th> <td class="plainlist"> <a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc791">RFC 791</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Асноўныя рэалізацыі (кліенты):</th> <td class="plainlist"> рэалізацыі стэка TCP/IP у <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> і <a href="/wiki/BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD">BSD</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="plainlist">Асноўныя рэалізацыі (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Сервер (праграмнае забеспячэнне)">серверы</a>):</th> <td class="plainlist"> рэалізацыі стэка TCP/IP у <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> і <a href="/wiki/BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD">BSD</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>IPv4</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Англійская мова">англ.</a>: <span style="font-style: italic;" lang="en">Internet Protocol version 4</span>) — чацвёртая версія <a href="/wiki/IP" title="IP">IP</a>-пратакола, першая шырока ўжывальная версія. Пратакол апісаны ў <a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc791">RFC 791</a> (верасень 1981 года), замяніўшы <a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc760">RFC 760</a> (студзень 1980 года). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Адрасацыя"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B4.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B0.D1.86.D1.8B.D1.8F"></span>Адрасацыя</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Правіць раздзел: Адрасацыя" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Адрасацыя"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IPv4 выкарыстоўвае 32-<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%82" title="Біт">бітныя</a> (чатырох<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Байт">байтныя</a>) адрасы, якія абмяжоўваюць <a href="/wiki/IP-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="IP-адрас">адрасную прастору</a> 4 294 967 296 (2<sup>32</sup>) магчымымі ўнікальнымі адрасамі. </p><p>Зручнай формай запісу <a href="/wiki/IP-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="IP-адрас">IP-адраса</a> (IPv4) з’яўляецца запіс у выглядзе чатырох <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Дзесятковая сістэма злічэння">дзесятковых лікаў</a> (ад 0 да 255), падзеленых кропкамі, напрыклад, <i>192.168.0.1</i>. (ці <i>128.10.2.30</i> — традыцыйная дзесятковая форма ўяўлення адрасу) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Уяўленне_адрасу"><span id=".D0.A3.D1.8F.D1.9E.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.B0.D0.B4.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.83"></span>Уяўленне адрасу</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Правіць раздзел: Уяўленне адрасу" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Уяўленне адрасу"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Форма запісу</th> <th>Прыклад</th> <th>Пераўтварэнне з дзесятковай натацыі з кропкамі </th></tr> <tr> <td><span data-interwiki-lang="en" data-interwiki-article="Dot-decimal notation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Дзесятковая натацыя з кропкамі (няма такой старонкі)"><span class="iw-nonexists">Дзесятковая з кропкамі</span></a></span><span class="noprint" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 85%;"> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-decimal_notation" class="extiw" title="en:Dot-decimal notation"><span title="Dot-decimal notation — версія артыкула «Дзесятковая натацыя з кропкамі» на англійскай мове">англ.</span></a>)</span></td> <td><tt>192.0.2.235</tt></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>Шаснаццатковая з кропкамі</td> <td><tt>0xC0.0x00.0x02.0xEB</tt></td> <td>Кожны <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82,_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Актэт, інфарматыка (няма такой старонкі)">актэт</a> пераўтвараецца ў шаснаццатковую форму </td></tr> <tr> <td>Васьмярковая з кропкамі</td> <td><tt>0300.0000.0002.0353</tt></td> <td>Кожны актэт пераўтвараецца ў васьмярковую форму </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Шаснаццатковая сістэма злічэння">Шаснаццатковая</a></td> <td><tt>0xC00002EB</tt></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Канкатэнацыя (няма такой старонкі)">Канкатэнацыя</a> актэтаў з шаснаццатковай натацыі з кропкамі </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Дзесятковая сістэма злічэння">Дзесятковая</a></td> <td><tt>3221226219</tt></td> <td>32-бітны лік у дзесятковай форме </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Васьмярковая сістэма злічэння (няма такой старонкі)">Васьмярковая</a></td> <td><tt>030000001353</tt></td> <td>32-бітны лік у васьмярковай форме </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Зарэзерваваня_адрасы"><span id=".D0.97.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8D.D0.B7.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8F_.D0.B0.D0.B4.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B"></span>Зарэзерваваня адрасы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Правіць раздзел: Зарэзерваваня адрасы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&action=edit&section=3" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Зарэзерваваня адрасы"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Некаторыя адрасы IPv4 зарэзерваваны для спецыяльных мэтаў і не прызначаны дзеля глабальнай маршрутызацыі<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3330_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3330-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Падсетка</th> <th>Прызначэння </th></tr> <tr> <td>0.0.0.0/8<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1700_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1700-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Адрасы крыніц пакетаў «гэтай» («сваёй») сеткі прызначаны для лакальнага ўжывання на хосце пры стварэнні <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82,_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сокет, праграмны інтэрфейс (няма такой старонкі)">сокетаў</a> IP. Адрас 0.0.0.0/32 выкарыстоўваецца дзеля пазначэння адрасу крыніцы самога хосту.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3330_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3330-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10.0.0.0/8<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1918_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1918-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Дзеля ўжывання ў прыватных сетках. </td></tr> <tr> <td>127.0.0.0/8<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1700_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1700-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Падсетка дзеля камунікацый унутры хосту (гл.: <a href="/wiki/Localhost" title="Localhost">localhost</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td>169.254.0.0/16<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Link-local_address&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Link-local address (няма такой старонкі)">Канальныя адрасы</a>; падсетка выкарыстоўваецца для аўтаматычнага канфігуравання адрасоў IP у выпадку адсутнасці сервера DHCP. </td></tr> <tr> <td>172.16.0.0/12<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1918_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1918-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Для ўжывання ў прыватных сетках. </td></tr> <tr> <td>100.64.0.0/10<sup id="cite_ref-rfc6598_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc6598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Для ўжывання ў сетках сэрвіс-правайдэра. </td></tr> <tr> <td>192.0.0.0/24<sup id="cite_ref-rfc5736_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc5736-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Рэгістрацыя адрасоў спецыяльнага прызначэння. </td></tr> <tr> <td>192.0.2.0/24<sup id="cite_ref-rfc5737_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc5737-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Для ўзораў у дакументацыі. </td></tr> <tr> <td>192.168.0.0/16<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1918_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1918-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Для ўжывання ў прыватных сетках. </td></tr> <tr> <td>198.51.100.0/24<sup id="cite_ref-rfc5737_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc5737-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Для ўзораў у дакументацыі. </td></tr> <tr> <td>198.18.0.0/15<sup id="cite_ref-rfc2544_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc2544-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Для стэндаў тэставання прадукцыйнасці. </td></tr> <tr> <td>203.0.113.0/24<sup id="cite_ref-rfc5737_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc5737-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Для ўзораў у дакументацыі. </td></tr> <tr> <td>240.0.0.0/4<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1700_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1700-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Зарэзервавана для ўжывання ў будучыні. </td></tr> <tr> <td>255.255.255.255<sup id="cite_ref-rfc919_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc919-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Абмежаваны <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шырокавяшчальны канал (няма такой старонкі)">шырокавяшчальны адрас</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ёсць таксама рарэзерваваныя адрасы, якія маршрутызуюцца глабальна. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Падсетка</th> <th>Прызначэнне </th></tr> <tr> <td>192.88.99.0/24<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3330_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3330-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Ужываюцца дзеля <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anycast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anycast (няма такой старонкі)">рассылкі бліжэйшаму вузлу</a>. Адрас 192.88.99.1/32 ужываецца ў якасці рэтранслятара пры <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F,_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%27%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Інкапсуляцыя, камп'ютарныя сеткі (няма такой старонкі)">інкапсуляцыі</a> <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a> у IPv4 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=6to4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6to4 (няма такой старонкі)">6to4</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3068_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3068-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>224.0.0.0/4<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3171_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3171-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Выкарыстоўваюцца для <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multicast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multicast (няма такой старонкі)">шматадраснай рассылкі</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Структура_пакету"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.82.D1.80.D1.83.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.82.D1.83"></span>Структура пакету</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Правіць раздзел: Структура пакету" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&action=edit&section=4" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Структура пакету"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Пакет IP змяшчае 14 палёў, з якіх 13 з’яўляюцца абавязковымі. Чатырнаццатае поле прызначана для неабавязковых опцый. Палі ўжываюць <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Парадак байтаў (няма такой старонкі)">парадак байтаў</a> ад старэйшага да малодшага, старэйшыя біты ідуць першымі. Першы біт мае нумар 0. Такім чынам, напрыклад, поле з версіяй знаходзіцца ў чатырох старэйшых бітах першага байта. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Зрушэнне ў бітах </th> <th colspan="4">0-3</th> <th colspan="4">4-7</th> <th colspan="6">8-13</th> <th colspan="2">14-15</th> <th colspan="3">16-18</th> <th colspan="13">19-31 </th></tr> <tr> <th>0 </th> <td colspan="4">Версія </td> <td colspan="4">Памер загалоўка </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DSCP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DSCP (няма такой старонкі)">Differentiated Services Code Point</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Explicit_Congestion_Notification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Explicit Congestion Notification (няма такой старонкі)">Explicit Congestion Notification</a> </td> <td colspan="16">Памер пакета </td></tr> <tr> <th>32 </th> <td colspan="16">Ідэнтыфікатар</td> <td colspan="3">Флаги</td> <td colspan="13">Зрушэнне фрагмента </td></tr> <tr> <th>64 </th> <td colspan="8"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Time_to_live&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Time to live (няма такой старонкі)">Час жыцця</a></td> <td colspan="8"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E_IP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Спіс пратаколаў IP (няма такой старонкі)">Пратакол</a></td> <td colspan="16">Кантрольная сума заголоўка </td></tr> <tr> <th>96 </th> <td colspan="32">Адрас крыніцы </td></tr> <tr> <th>128 </th> <td colspan="32">Адрас прызначэння </td></tr> <tr> <th>160 </th> <td colspan="32" bgcolor="#FFBBBB">Опцыі (калі памер загалоўка > 5) </td></tr> <tr> <th>160 или 192+ </th> <td colspan="32">Даныя </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Версія</dt> <dd>Першым полем пакета з’яўляецца версія пратакола памерам у чатыры біта. Для IPv4 гэта 4.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Памер загалоўка (Internet Header Length)<span id="IHL"></span></dt> <dd>Наступныя чатыры біта змяшчаюць памер загалоўка пакета у 32-бітных <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Машыннае слова (няма такой старонкі)">словах</a>. Паколькі колькасць опцый не сталая, указанне памера важна для адлучэння заголоўка ад даных. Мінімальнае значэнне роўнае 5 (5×32=160 біт, 20 байт), максімальнае — 15 (60 байт).</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP)</dt> <dd>Першапачаткова звалася «тып абслугоўвання» (Type of Service, ToS), у цяперашні час вызначаецца <a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2474">RFC 2474</a> як «Differentiated Services». Ужываецца для падзялення трафіка на класы абслугоўвання, напрыклад для ўсталёўкі адчувальнаму да затрымак трафіку, такому як <a href="/wiki/VoIP" title="VoIP">VoIP</a> большага прыярытэту.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Указальнік перагрузкі (Explicit Congestion Notification, ECN)</dt> <dd>Папярэджанне аб перагрузцы сеткі без страты пакетаў. З’яўляецца неабавязковай функцыяй і ўжываецца толькі калі абодва хоста яе падтрымліваюць.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Памер пакета</dt> <dd>16-бітны поўны памер пакета ў байтах, уключаючы загаловак і даныя. Мінімальны памер роўны 20 байтам (зашаловак без даных), максімальны — 65535 байт. Хосты павінны падтрымліваць перадачу пакетаў памерам да 576 байт, але сучасныя рэалізацыі звычайна падтрымліваюць значна большы памер. Пакеты большага памера, чым падтрымлівае канал сувязі, фрагментуюцца.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Ідэнтыфікатар</dt> <dd>Пераважна ўжываецца для ідэнтыфікацыі фрагментаў пакету, калі ён быў фрагментаваны. Існуюць эксперыменты па яго ўжыванню для іншых мэтаў, такіх як даданне інфармацыі аб трасіроўцы пакета для спрашчэння адсочвання шляха пакета з падробным адрасам крыніцы.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Флагі</dt> <dd>Поле памерам тры біта змяшчае флагі кантролю над фрагментацыяй. Біты ад старэйшага да малодшага азначаюць: <ul><li>0: Зарэзерваваны, павінен быць роўны 0.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1: Не фрагментаваць</li> <li>2: У пакета ёсть яшчэ фрагменты</li></ul></dd> <dd>Калі ўсталяваны флаг «не фрагментаваць», то ў выпадку неабходнасці фрагментацыі такі пакет будзе знішчаны. Можа ўжывацца для перадачы даных хостам, якія ня маюць досыць рэсурсаў для апрацоўкі фрагментаваных пакетаў.</dd> <dd>Флаг «ёсть фрагменты» павінен быць усталяваны ў 1 ва ўсіх фрагментаў пакета, акрамя апошняга. У нефрагментаваных усталёўваецца ў 0 — такі пакет лічыцца ўласным апошнім фрагментам.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Зрушэнне фрагмента</dt> <dd>Поле памерам у 13 біт, указвае зрушэнне бягучага фрагмента ад пачатка перадачы фрагментаванага пакета ў блоках па 8 байт. Дазваляе (2<sup>13</sup>−1)×8=65528 байт зрушэння, што перавышае максімальны памер пакета. Першы фрагмент у паслядоўнасці мае нулявое зрушэнне.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>«Час жыцця» (Time to Live, TTL) пакета.</dt> <dd>Дазваляе перадухіліць закальцоўванне пакетаў у сеціве шляхам знішчэння пакетаў, якія перавысілі час жыцця. Указваецца ў секундах, інтэрвалы менш секунды акругляюцца да адной секунды. На практыцы кожны маршрутызатар змяньшае час жыцця пакетаў на адзінку (што слушна для існуючых тыповых затрымак у сеціве). Пакеты, час жыцця якіх стаў роўны нулю, знішчаюцца, а адпраўніку дасылаецца паведамленне <a href="/w/index.php?title=ICMP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICMP (няма такой старонкі)">ICMP</a> Time Exceeded. На адпраўцы пакетаў з розным часам жыцця заснавана трасіроўка іх шляха праходжання (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Traceroute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traceroute (няма такой старонкі)">traceroute</a>).</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Пратакол</dt> <dd>Указвае, даныя якога пратакола змяшчае пакет (напрыклад, TCP ці ICMP). Прысвоеныя нумары пратаколаў можна знайсці на сайце <a href="/wiki/IANA" title="IANA">IANA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Кантрольная сума загалоўка</dt> <dd>16-бітная кантрольная сума, ужываецца для праверкі цэласнасці загалоўка. Кожны хост ці маршрутызатар параўноўвае кантрольную суму загалоўка са значэннем гэтага поля і адкідвае пакет, калі яны не супадаюць. Цэласнасць даных IP не правярае — яна правяраецца пратаколамі больш высокіх узроўняў (такіх як TCP ці UDP), якія таксама выкарыстоўваюць кантрольныя сумы.</dd> <dd>Паколькі TTL памяньшаецца на кожным кроку праходжання пакета, сума таксама павінна вылічацца на кожным кроку. Метад пераліку кантрольнай сумы вызначаны ў <a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1071">RFC 1071</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Адрас крыніцы</dt> <dd>32-бітны адрас адпраўніка пакета. Можа не супадаць з сапраўдным адрасам адпраўніка з-за <a href="/wiki/NAT" title="NAT">трансляцыі адрасоў</a>.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Адрас прызначэння</dt> <dd>32-бітны адрас атрымальніка пакета.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Опцыі</dt> <dd>За адрасам прызначэння можа ісці поле дадатковых опцый, але яно ўжываецца рэдка. Памер загалоўка ў гэтым выпадку павінен быць дастатковым, каб змясціць усе опцыі (з улікам дадатку да цэлага ліку 32-бітных слоў).</dd> <dd>Калі спіс опцый не з'яўляецца канцом загалоўка, ён павінен сканчацца опцыяй 0x00. Опцыі маюць наступны фармат:</dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Поле</th> <th>Памер у бітах</th> <th>Апісанне </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Капіяваць</b></td> <td>1</td> <td>Усталёўваецца ў 1, калі патрэбна капіяваць опцыі ў загалоўкі ўсіх фрагментаў. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Клас опцыі</b></td> <td>2</td> <td>0 для «кіравальных» опцый і 2 для опцый «зменаў і адладкі». 1 і 3 зарэзерваваны. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Нумар опцыі</b></td> <td>5</td> <td>Указвае опцыю. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Памер опцыі</b></td> <td>8</td> <td>Указвае памер опцыі (з улікам гэтага поля). Можа не ўказвацца для опцый без аргументаў. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Аргументы опцыі</b></td> <td>пераменны</td> <td>Дадатковыя даныя, якія ўжываюцца опцыяй. </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Заўвага: Памер загалоўка больш 5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Машыннае слова (няма такой старонкі)">слоў</a> указвае на прысутнасць опцый і неабходнасць іх апрацоўкі.</li> <li>Заўвага: Палі «капіяваць», «клас опцыі» і «нумар опцыі» часам называюць адным васьмібітным полем «тып опцыі».</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вычарпанне_адраснай_прасторы"><span id=".D0.92.D1.8B.D1.87.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.B0.D0.B4.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.B9_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Вычарпанне адраснай прасторы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Правіць раздзел: Вычарпанне адраснай прасторы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&action=edit&section=5" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Вычарпанне адраснай прасторы"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Асноўны артыкул: <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_IPv4-%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Вычарпанне IPv4-адрасоў">Вычарпанне IPv4-адрасоў</a></b></div> <p>Ужо ў 1980-я гады стала відавочна, што размеркаванне адраснай прасторы адбываецца значна болей хуткімі тэмпамі, чым было заложана ў архітэктуру IPv4. Гэта прывяло спачатку да з’яўлення <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Класавая адрасацыя (няма такой старонкі)">класавай адрасацыі</a>, пазней <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Бяскласавая адрасацыя (няма такой старонкі)">бяскласавай адрасацыі</a>, і ў канчатковым выніку да распрацоўкі новага пратакола <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a>. </p><p>У лютым 2011 года <a href="/wiki/IANA" title="IANA">IANA</a> выдаткавала 5 апошніх блокаў адрасоў <a href="/w/index.php?title=RIR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RIR (няма такой старонкі)">RIRам</a>. Блокі вольных IP-адрасоў пачалі заканчвацца ў рэгіянальных рэгістратараў з 2011 года.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гл._таксама"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BB._.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0"></span>Гл. таксама</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Правіць раздзел: Гл. таксама" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPv4&action=edit&section=6" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Гл. таксама"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TCP" title="TCP">TCP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCTP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCTP (няма такой старонкі)">SCTP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82-%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рэгіянальны інтэрнэт-рэгістратар (няма такой старонкі)">Рэгіянальны інтэрнэт-рэгістратар</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Зноскі"><span id=".D0.97.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Зноскі</h2></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rfc3330-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3330_1-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3330_1-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3330_1-2"><sup><i><b>в</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3330.txt">RFC3330: Special-use IPv4 addresses</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span>; заменены <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5735.txt">RFC5735: Special-use IPv4 addresses</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc1700-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1700_2-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1700_2-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1700_2-2"><sup><i><b>в</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1700.txt">RFC1700: Assigned Numbers</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc1918-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1918_3-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1918_3-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1918_3-2"><sup><i><b>в</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1918.txt">RFC1918: Address allocation for private internets</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3927.txt">RFC3927: Dynamic configuration of IPv4 link-local addresses</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc6598-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rfc6598_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6598.txt">RFC6598: IANA-reserved IPv4 prefix for shared address space</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc5736-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rfc5736_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5736.txt">RFC5736: IANA IPv4 Special Purpose Address Registry</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc5737-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc5737_7-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc5737_7-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc5737_7-2"><sup><i><b>в</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5737.txt">RFC5737: IPv4 address blocks reserved for documentation</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc2544-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rfc2544_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2544.txt">RFC2544: Benchmarking methodology for network interconnect devices</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc919-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rfc919_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc919.txt">RFC919: Broadcasting internet datagrams</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc3068-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rfc3068_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3068.txt">RFC3068: An anycast prefix for 6to4 relay routers</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc3171-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rfc3171_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3171.txt">RFC3171: IANA guidelines for IPv4 multicast address assignments</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Stefan Savage.</i>. <span style="" lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=347057.347560">Practical network support for IP traceback</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none"><b> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="нявызначанай мовай">(нявызн.)</span></b></span>. <small>Праверана 6 верасня 2010.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">У якасці <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_RFC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Першакрасавіцкія RFC (няма такой старонкі)">першакрасавіцкага жарта</a> прапанаваны азначаць зламыснасць пакета (evil bit)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/protocol-numbers.xml">Assigned Internet Protocol Numbers</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1071.txt">Computing the Internet Checksum</a> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="англійскай мовай">(англ.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html">IPv4 Address Report</a></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4785216">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Асноўныя_пратаколы_TCP/IP_паводле_ўзроўняў_мадэлі_OSI" data-name="IPstack" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="navbox-gear" style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:IPstack" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⛭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></span><div id="Асноўныя_пратаколы_TCP/IP_паводле_ўзроўняў_мадэлі_OSI" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em">Асноўныя <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Сеткавы пратакол">пратаколы</a> <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a> паводле ўзроўняў <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_OSI" title="Эталонная мадэль OSI">мадэлі OSI</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Фізічны ўзровень">Фізічны</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist hlist-items-nowrap" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EIA-422&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EIA-422 (няма такой старонкі)">EIA-422</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-449&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-449 (няма такой старонкі)">RS-449</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RS-485&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RS-485 (няма такой старонкі)">RS-485</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Канальны ўзровень">Канальны</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist hlist-items-nowrap" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPPoE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PPPoE (няма такой старонкі)">PPPoE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPP_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PPP (сеткавы пратакол) (няма такой старонкі)">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Layer_2_Forwarding_Protocol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol (няма такой старонкі)">L2F</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEEE_802.11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEEE 802.11 (няма такой старонкі)">802.11 Wi-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wireless_MAN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wireless MAN (няма такой старонкі)">802.16 WiMax</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Token_ring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Token ring (няма такой старонкі)">Token ring</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ARCNET&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARCNET (няма такой старонкі)">ARCNET</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FDDI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FDDI (няма такой старонкі)">FDDI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HDLC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HDLC (няма такой старонкі)">HDLC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLIP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLIP (няма такой старонкі)">SLIP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATM (няма такой старонкі)">ATM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DTM_(%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DTM (тэхналогія) (няма такой старонкі)">DTM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=X.25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X.25 (няма такой старонкі)">X.25</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frame_relay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frame relay (няма такой старонкі)">Frame relay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMDS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SMDS (няма такой старонкі)">SMDS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=STP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STP (няма такой старонкі)">STP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8E" title="Пратаколы сеткавага ўзроўню">Сеткавы</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist hlist-items-nowrap" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IPv4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IPsec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IPsec (няма такой старонкі)">IPsec</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICMP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICMP (няма такой старонкі)">ICMP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGMP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGMP (няма такой старонкі)">IGMP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ARP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARP (няма такой старонкі)">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RARP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RARP (няма такой старонкі)">RARP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RIP_(%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RIP (сеткавы пратакол) (няма такой старонкі)">RIP2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSPF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSPF (няма такой старонкі)">OSPF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Транспартны ўзровень (няма такой старонкі)">Транспартны</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist hlist-items-nowrap" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TCP" title="TCP">TCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDP" title="UDP">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCTP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCTP (няма такой старонкі)">SCTP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DCCP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DCCP (няма такой старонкі)">DCCP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RDP/RUDP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RDP/RUDP (няма такой старонкі)">RUDP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RTP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTP (няма такой старонкі)">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRE_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GRE (пратакол) (няма такой старонкі)">GRE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сеансавы ўзровень (няма такой старонкі)">Сеансавы</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist hlist-items-nowrap" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AppleTalk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AppleTalk (няма такой старонкі)">ADSP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H.245&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H.245 (няма такой старонкі)">H.245</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internet_Storage_Name_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internet Storage Name Service (няма такой старонкі)">iSNS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NetBIOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NetBIOS (няма такой старонкі)">NetBIOS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Password_Authentication_Protocol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Password Authentication Protocol (няма такой старонкі)">PAP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аддалены выклік працэдур (няма такой старонкі)">RPC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L2TP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L2TP (няма такой старонкі)">L2TP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PPTP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PPTP (няма такой старонкі)">PPTP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RTCP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTCP (няма такой старонкі)">RTCP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMPP&action=edit&redlink=1" 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