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rhinoplasty</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: secondary rhinoplasty"> <meta name="keywords" content="secondary rhinoplasty"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="secondary rhinoplasty"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3179</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: secondary rhinoplasty</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3179</span> Differences Choosing Closed Approach or Open Approach in Rhinoplasty Outcomes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Marano">Alessandro Marano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: The author describes a strategy for choosing between two different rhinoplasty approaches for outcomes treatment. Methods: Series of the case study. There are advantages and disadvantages on both approaches for rhinoplasty. On the side of the open approach, we are be able to better manage the techniques for shaping and restoring nasal structures in rhinoplasty outcomes; on the other side, the closed approach requires more practice and experience to achieve good results. Results: Author’s choice is the closed approach on rhinoplasty outcomes. Anyway, the open approach is most commonly preferred due to superior management and better vision on nasal structures. Conclusions: Both approaches are valid for the treatment of rhinoplasty outcomes, author's preferred approach is closed, with minimally invasive modification focused on restoring outcomes in nasal function and aesthetics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhinoplasty" title="rhinoplasty">rhinoplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aesthetic" title=" aesthetic"> aesthetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face" title=" face"> face</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outcomes" title=" outcomes"> outcomes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149678/differences-choosing-closed-approach-or-open-approach-in-rhinoplasty-outcomes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3178</span> A Single Stage Cleft Rhinoplasty Technique for Primary Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate 'The Gujrat Technique'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diaa%20Othman">Diaa Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Adil%20Khan"> Muhammad Adil Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Riaz"> Muhammad Riaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Without an early intervention to correct the unilateral complete cleft lip and palate deformity, nasal architecture can progress to an exaggerated cleft nose deformity. We present the results of a modified unilateral cleft rhinoplasty procedure ‘the Gujrat technique’ to correct this deformity. Ninety pediatric and adult patients with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip underwent primary and secondary composite cleft rhinoplasty using the Gujrat technique as a single stage operation over a 10-year period. The technique involved an open rhinoplasty with Tennison lip repair, and employed a combination of three autologous cartilage grafts, seven cartilage-molding sutures and a prolene mesh graft for alar base support. Post-operative evaluation of nasal symmetry was undertaken using the validated computer program ‘SymNose’. Functional outcome and patient satisfaction were assessed using the NOSE scale and ROE (rhinoplasty outcome evaluation) questionnaires. The single group study design used the non-parametric matching pairs Wilcoxon Sign test (p < 0.001), and showed overall good to excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes, including nasal projection and tip definition, and higher scores of the digital SymNose grading system. Objective assessment of the Gujrat cleft rhinoplasty technique demonstrates its aesthetic appeal and functional versatility. Overall it is a simple and reproducible technique, with no significant complications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cleft%20lip%20and%20palate" title="cleft lip and palate">cleft lip and palate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congenital%20rhinoplasty" title=" congenital rhinoplasty"> congenital rhinoplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nasal%20deformity" title=" nasal deformity"> nasal deformity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20rhinoplasty" title=" secondary rhinoplasty"> secondary rhinoplasty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77168/a-single-stage-cleft-rhinoplasty-technique-for-primary-unilateral-cleft-lip-and-palate-the-gujrat-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3177</span> Aesthetic Modification with Combined Orthognathic Surgery and Closed Rhinoplasty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Marano">Alessandro Marano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: The author describes the aesthetic modification using orthognathic surgery and closed rhinoplasty. Methods: Series of case study. After orthognathic surgery we can observe a dramatical change of aesthetic especially in the mid-face and nose projection. The advancement of maxillary bone through Le Fort I osteotomy will change the nasal tip projection and lips roundness; combining orthognathic surgery with closed approach rhinoplasty will manage both function and aesthetic of all mid face district. Results: Combining Le Fort I osteotomy with closed approach rhinoplasty resulted in good objective results with high patient satisfaction. Le Fort I osteotomy will increase projection of mid face and the closed approach rhinoplasty will modify the nasal shape to be more harmonic with the new maxillary district. The scars are not visible because hidden inside the mouth and nose. Conclusions: The orthognathic surgery combined with closed approach rhinoplasty are very effective for changing the aesthetic of the mid face. The results illustrate the difference between the use of orthognathic surgery only and to use it in association of closed approach rhinoplasty. Using both will allow to obtain a long lasting and pleasing results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthognathic" title="orthognathic">orthognathic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhinoplasty" title=" rhinoplasty"> rhinoplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aesthetic" title=" aesthetic"> aesthetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face" title=" face"> face</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149677/aesthetic-modification-with-combined-orthognathic-surgery-and-closed-rhinoplasty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3176</span> Psychology Behind Aesthetic Rhinoplasty–Introducing the Term Sifon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komal%20Saeed">Komal Saeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Rhinoplasty is considered one of the challenging aesthetic procedures. Psychosocial concerns motivate the urge for aesthetic procedures especially rhinoplasty. Males who fall in this category are designated as single, immature, male, over expectant and narcissistic (SIMON) in literature. As of yet, there is no term that depicts females showing similar characteristics. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in females seeking rhinoplasty and to introduce a term for such individuals. Materials and Methods: A prospective, questionnaire based, qualitative study was conducted in the Department Of Plastic Surgery between March 2018 and March 2020. 110 female candidates seeking aesthetic rhinoplasty were included in the study. BDD was evaluated using the Dysmorphic Concerns Questionnaire, DCQ. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software and correlation between the groups was evaluated. Results: Out of 110 female subjects, 77.3% (n=85) were single, 16.4% (n=18) were married and 6.4% (n=7) were divorced. BDD was found in 41.8% (n=46) of the candidates, majority being single (n=41, 89.1%) and having educational status above diploma (n=39, 84.8%). There was a statistically higher percentage of young adults between 24 and 28 years (n=33, 71.7%) having BDD (p= 0.0001). Conclusion: Considering the high frequency of BDD among females seeking rhinoplasty, a standardized term ‘SIFON’ is introduced to describe such individuals who are S; single, I; immature, F; female, O; over expectant, N; narcissistic as apposed to SIMON in males. These individuals perceive aesthetic procedures as a solution to their body dissatisfaction. Therefore, preoperative counseling seems necessary to avoid unsatisfactory outcomes secondary to mental health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aesthetic%20rhinoplasty" title="aesthetic rhinoplasty">aesthetic rhinoplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20dismorphic%20disorder" title=" body dismorphic disorder"> body dismorphic disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single" title=" single"> single</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immature" title=" immature"> immature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obsessive" title=" obsessive"> obsessive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153900/psychology-behind-aesthetic-rhinoplasty-introducing-the-term-sifon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3175</span> Reaching a Mobile and Dynamic Nose after Rhinoplasty: A Pilot Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guncel%20Ozturk">Guncel Ozturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Rhinoplasty is the most commonly performed cosmetic operations in plastic surgery. Maneuvers used in rhinoplasty lead to a firm and stiff nasal tip in the early postoperative months. This unnatural stability of the nose may easily cause distortion in the reshaped nose after severe trauma. Moreover, a firm nasal tip may cause difficulties in performing activities such as touching, hugging, or kissing. Decreasing the stability and increasing the mobility of the nasal tip would help rhinoplasty patients to avoid these small but relatively important problems. Methods: We use delivery approach with closed rhinoplasty and changed positions of intranasal incisions to reach a dynamic and mobile nose. A total of 203 patients who had undergone primary closed rhinoplasty in private practice were inspected retrospectively. Posterior strut flap that was connected with connective tissues in the caudal of septum and the medial crurals were formed. Cartilage of the posterior strut graft was left 2 mm thick in the distal part of septum, it was cut vertically, and the connective tissue in the distal part was preserved. Results: The median patient age was 24 (range 17-42) years. The median follow-up period was15.2 (range12-26) months. Patient satisfaction was assessed with the 'Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation' (ROE) questionnaire. Twelve months after surgeries, 87.5% of patients reported excellent outcomes, according to ROE. Conclusion: The soft tissue connections between that segment and surrounding structures should be preserved to save the support of the tip while having a mobile tip at the same time with this method. These modifications would access to a mobile, non-stiff, and dynamic nasal tip in the early postoperative months. Further and prospective studies should be performed for supporting this method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed%20rhinoplasty" title="closed rhinoplasty">closed rhinoplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic" title=" dynamic"> dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile" title=" mobile"> mobile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tip" title=" tip"> tip</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132335/reaching-a-mobile-and-dynamic-nose-after-rhinoplasty-a-pilot-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3174</span> Optimal Secondary Prevention and Background Risk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Anouar%20Razgallah">Mohamed Anouar Razgallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines in the context of a one-period model the impact of background risk on the optimal secondary prevention. We conduct our study based on various configurations of the background risk. We intend to show that in most cases the level of secondary prevention effort varied after the introduction of background risk, however, in very few cases this level remains constant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20prevention" title="secondary prevention">secondary prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20prevention" title=" primary prevention"> primary prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=background%20risk" title=" background risk"> background risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecomomics" title=" ecomomics"> ecomomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18430/optimal-secondary-prevention-and-background-risk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3173</span> Secondary Metabolites from Turkish Marine-Derived Fungi Hypocrea nigricans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Heydari">H. Heydari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Konuklugil"> B. Konuklugil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Proksch"> P. Proksch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marine-derived fungi can produce interesting bioactive secondary metabolites that can be considered the potential for drug development. Turkey is a country of a peninsula surrounded by the Black Sea at the north, the Aegean Sea at the west, and the Mediterranean Sea at the south. Despite the approximately 8400 km of coastline, studies on marine secondary metabolites and their biological activity are limited. In our ongoing search for new natural products with different bioactivities produced by the marine-derived fungi, we have investigated secondary metabolites of Turkish collection of the marine sea slug (Peltodoris atromaculata) associated fungi Hypocrea nigricans collected from Seferihisar in the Egean sea. According to the author’s best knowledge, no study was found on this fungal species in terms of secondary metabolites. Isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the culture of Hypocrea nigricans were (isodihydroauroglaucin,tetrahydroauroglaucin and dihydroauroglaucin. The structures of the compounds were established based on an NMR and MS analysis. Structural elucidation of another isolated secondary metabolite/s continues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hypocrea%20nigricans" title="Hypocrea nigricans">Hypocrea nigricans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title=" isolation"> isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20fungi" title=" marine fungi"> marine fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20metabolites" title=" secondary metabolites"> secondary metabolites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113549/secondary-metabolites-from-turkish-marine-derived-fungi-hypocrea-nigricans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3172</span> The Use of Secondary Crystallization in Cement-Based Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikol%20%C5%BDi%C5%BEkov%C3%A1">Nikol Žižková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%A0%C3%A1rka%20Keprdov%C3%A1"> Šárka Keprdová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rostislav%20Drochytka"> Rostislav Drochytka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper focuses on the study of the properties of cement-based composites produced using secondary crystallization (crystalline additive). In this study, cement mortar made with secondary crystallization was exposed to an aggressive environment and the influence of secondary crystallization on the degradation of the cementitious composite was investigated. The results indicate that the crystalline additive contributed to increasing the resistance of the cement-based composite to the attack of the selected environments (sodium sulphate solution and ammonium chloride solution). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20crystallization" title="secondary crystallization">secondary crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement-based%20composites" title=" cement-based composites"> cement-based composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation%20of%20the%20cementitious%20composite" title=" degradation of the cementitious composite"> degradation of the cementitious composite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58594/the-use-of-secondary-crystallization-in-cement-based-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3171</span> Sampling Effects on Secondary Voltage Control of Microgrids Based on Network of Multiagent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Park">M. J. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Lee"> S. H. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20H.%20Lee"> C. H. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20M.%20Kwon"> O. M. Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies a secondary voltage control framework of the microgrids based on the consensus for a communication network of multiagent. The proposed control is designed by the communication network with one-way links. The communication network is modeled by a directed graph. At this time, the concept of sampling is considered as the communication constraint among each distributed generator in the microgrids. To analyze the sampling effects on the secondary voltage control of the microgrids, by using Lyapunov theory and some mathematical techniques, the sufficient condition for such problem will be established regarding linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally, some simulation results are given to illustrate the necessity of the consideration of the sampling effects on the secondary voltage control of the microgrids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microgrids" title="microgrids">microgrids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20control" title=" secondary control"> secondary control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiagent" title=" multiagent"> multiagent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sampling" title=" sampling"> sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMI" title=" LMI"> LMI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51477/sampling-effects-on-secondary-voltage-control-of-microgrids-based-on-network-of-multiagent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3170</span> Emotional Intelligence and General Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Career Commitment of Secondary School Teachers in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moyosola%20Jude%20Akomolafe">Moyosola Jude Akomolafe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Career commitment among employees is crucial to the success of any organization. However, career commitment has been reported to be very low among teachers in the public secondary schools in Nigeria. This study, therefore, examined the contributions of emotional intelligence and general self-efficacy to career commitment of among secondary school teachers in Nigeria. Descriptive research design of correlational type was adopted for the study. It made use of stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting two hundred and fifty (250) secondary schools teachers for the study. Three standardized instruments namely: The Big Five Inventory (BFI), Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Career Commitment Scale (CCS) were adopted for the study. Three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data collected were analyzed through Multiple Regression Analysis to investigate the predicting capacity of emotional intelligence and general self-efficacy on career commitment of secondary school teachers. The results showed that the variables when taken as a whole significantly predicted career commitment among secondary school teachers. The relative contribution of each variable revealed that emotional intelligence and general self-efficacy significantly predicted career commitment among secondary school teachers in Nigeria. The researcher recommended that secondary school teachers should be exposed to emotional intelligence and self-efficacy training to enhance their career commitment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=career%20commitment" title="career commitment">career commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20intelligence" title=" emotional intelligence"> emotional intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20self-efficacy" title=" general self-efficacy"> general self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20school%20teachers" title=" secondary school teachers "> secondary school teachers </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47310/emotional-intelligence-and-general-self-efficacy-as-predictors-of-career-commitment-of-secondary-school-teachers-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3169</span> Polymer Industrial Floors: The Possibility of Using Secondary Raw Materials from Solar Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Kosikova">J. Kosikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Vacenovska"> B. Vacenovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Vyhnankova"> M. Vyhnankova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper reports on the subject of recycling and further use of secondary raw materials obtained from solar panels, which is becoming a very up to date topic in recent years. Recycling these panels is very difficult and complex, and the use of resulting secondary raw materials is still not fully resolved. Within the research carried out at the Brno University of Technology, new polymer materials used for industrial floors are being developed. Secondary raw materials are incorporated into these polymers as fillers. One of the tested filler materials was glass obtained from solar panels. The following text describes procedures and results of the tests that were performed on these materials, confirming the possibility of the use of solar panel glass in industrial polymer flooring systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fillers" title="fillers">fillers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20floors" title=" industrial floors"> industrial floors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20raw%20material" title=" secondary raw material"> secondary raw material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20panel" title=" solar panel"> solar panel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10578/polymer-industrial-floors-the-possibility-of-using-secondary-raw-materials-from-solar-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3168</span> Predominance of Teaching Models Used by Math Teachers in Secondary Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ver%C3%B3nica%20Diaz%20Quezada">Verónica Diaz Quezada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research examines the teaching models used by secondary math teachers when teaching logarithmic, quadratic and exponential functions. For this, descriptive case studies have been carried out on 5 secondary teachers. These teachers have been chosen from 3 scientific-humanistic and technical schools, in Chile. Data have been obtained through non-participant class observation and the application of a questionnaire and a rubric to teachers. According to the results, the didactic model that prevails is the one that starts with an interactive strategy, moves to a more content-based structure, and ends with a reinforcement stage. Nonetheless, there is always influence from teachers, their methods, and the group of students. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20models" title="teaching models">teaching models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=math%20teachers" title=" math teachers"> math teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functions" title=" functions"> functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20education" title=" secondary education"> secondary education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101433/predominance-of-teaching-models-used-by-math-teachers-in-secondary-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3167</span> Rethinking: Training Needs of Secondary School Teachers in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Rizwan">Sidra Rizwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article focuses on the training needs of secondary school teachers related to the knowledge component of instructional planning and strategies as stated in the National professional standards for teachers in Pakistan. The study aimed to determine the training needs of secondary school teachers on different aspects of knowledge & understanding component of instructional planning and strategies. The target population of the study was the secondary school teachers across Pakistan. For this purpose, a sample of 400 secondary school teachers was selected through multistage sampling from all the four provinces and Federal capital area. Survey method was adopted to assess the training needs by using a self reporting tool. The tool helped to gauge the training needs through indirect inventory questions as well as a ranking list in which the respondents themselves prioritized their training areas. The results showed variation between the direct and indirect reporting of the teachers on the basis of which it was concluded that the secondary school teachers needed awareness about the knowledge component of instructional planning and strategies in order to redefine their actual training needs. The researcher further identified the training needs of secondary school teachers within each province and Islamabad capital territory; including an analysis of variations between strata. As teachers are considered agents of change, their training according to the professional standards should provide a solid base for “rethinking education”. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training%20needs" title="training needs">training needs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20school%20teachers" title=" secondary school teachers"> secondary school teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instructional%20planning%20%26%20strategies" title=" instructional planning & strategies"> instructional planning & strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20%26%20understanding" title=" knowledge & understanding"> knowledge & understanding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158904/rethinking-training-needs-of-secondary-school-teachers-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3166</span> Hydrodynamics of Shear Layers at River Confluences by Formation of Secondary Circulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Aghazadegan">Ali Aghazadegan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Shokri"> Ali Shokri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julia%20Mullarney"> Julia Mullarney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> River confluences are areas where there is a lot of mixing, which is often caused by the formation of shear layers and helical motions. The hydrodynamics of secondary circulation at river confluences with low flow discharge ratios and a 90° junction angle are investigated in this study. The analysis is based on Delft 3D modelling, which includes a three-dimensional time-averaged velocity field, turbulence, and water surface levels that have been validated using laboratory data. Confluence structure was characterized by shear layer, secondary circulation, and mixing at the junction and post confluence channel. This study analysis formation of the shear layer by generation of secondary circulations in variation discharge ratios. The values of streamwise, cross-wise, and vertical components are used to estimate the secondary circulation observed within and downstream of the tributary mouth. These variables are estimated for three horizontal planes at Z = [0.14; 0.07; 0.02] and for eight cross-sections at X = [-0.1; 0.00; 0.10; 0.2; 0.30; 0.4; 0.5; 0.6] within a range of 0.05 Y 0.30. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20confluence" title="river confluence">river confluence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20layer" title=" shear layer"> shear layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20circulation" title=" secondary circulation"> secondary circulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamics" title=" hydrodynamics"> hydrodynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152370/hydrodynamics-of-shear-layers-at-river-confluences-by-formation-of-secondary-circulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3165</span> Analysis of the Spatial Distribution of Public Girls’ and Boys’ Secondary Schools in Riyadh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20Marshad%20Alzeer">Nasser Marshad Alzeer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the spatial distribution of secondary schools in Riyadh. It considers both public girls and boys sector provision and assesses the efficiency of the spatial distribution of secondary schools. Since the establishment of the Ministry of Education (MOE) in 1953 and General Presidency for Female Education, (GPFE) in 1960, there has been a great expansion of education services in Saudi Arabia, particularly during the 1980s. However, recent years have seen much slower rates of increase in the public education sector but the population continues to grow rapidly. This study investigates the spatial distribution of schools through the use of questionnaire surveys and applied GIS. Overall, the results indicate a shortage of public secondary schools, especially in the north of the city. It is clear that there is overcrowding in the majority of secondary schools. The establishment of new schools has been suggested to solve the problem of overcrowding. A number of socio-economic and demographic factors are associated with differences in the utilization of the public secondary schools. A GIS was applied in this study in order to assess the spatial distribution of secondary schools including the modification of existing catchment area boundaries and locating new schools. This modification could also reduce the pupil pressure on certain schools and further benefits could probably be gained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title="analysis">analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title=" distribution"> distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi" title=" Saudi"> Saudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schools" title=" schools "> schools </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23938/analysis-of-the-spatial-distribution-of-public-girls-and-boys-secondary-schools-in-riyadh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3164</span> Customization of Moodle Open Source LMS for Tanzania Secondary Schools’ Use</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ellen%20A.%20Kalinga">Ellen A. Kalinga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Moodle is an open source learning management system that enables creation of a powerful and flexible learning environment. Many organizations, especially learning institutions have customized Moodle open source LMS for their own use. In general open source LMSs are of great interest due to many advantages they offer in terms of cost, usage and freedom to customize to fit a particular context. Tanzania Secondary School e-Learning (TanSSe-L) system is the learning management system for Tanzania secondary schools. TanSSe-L system was developed using a number of methods, one of them being customization of Moodle Open Source LMS. This paper presents few areas on the way Moodle OS LMS was customized to produce a functional TanSSe-L system fitted to the requirements and specifications of Tanzania secondary schools’ context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMS" title="LMS">LMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moodle" title=" Moodle"> Moodle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title=" e-learning"> e-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanzania" title=" Tanzania"> Tanzania</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20school" title=" secondary school"> secondary school</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14417/customization-of-moodle-open-source-lms-for-tanzania-secondary-schools-use" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3163</span> Efficiency of Secondary Schools by ICT Intervention in Sylhet Division of Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azizul%20Baten">Azizul Baten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamrul%20Hossain"> Kamrul Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah-Al-Zabir"> Abdullah-Al-Zabir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to develop an appropriate stochastic frontier secondary schools efficiency model by ICT Intervention and to examine the impact of ICT challenges on secondary schools efficiency in the Sylhet division in Bangladesh using stochastic frontier analysis. The Translog stochastic frontier model was found an appropriate than the Cobb-Douglas model in secondary schools efficiency by ICT Intervention. Based on the results of the Cobb-Douglas model, it is found that the coefficient of the number of teachers, the number of students, and teaching ability had a positive effect on increasing the level of efficiency. It indicated that these are related to technical efficiency. In the case of inefficiency effects for both Cobb-Douglas and Translog models, the coefficient of the ICT lab decreased secondary school inefficiency, but the online class in school was found to increase the level of inefficiency. The coefficients of teacher’s preference for ICT tools like multimedia projectors played a contributor role in decreasing the secondary school inefficiency in the Sylhet division of Bangladesh. The interaction effects of the number of teachers and the classrooms, and the number of students and the number of classrooms, the number of students and teaching ability, and the classrooms and teaching ability of the teachers were recorded with the positive values and these have a positive impact on increasing the secondary school efficiency. The overall mean efficiency of urban secondary schools was found at 84.66% for the Translog model, while it was 83.63% for the Cobb-Douglas model. The overall mean efficiency of rural secondary schools was found at 80.98% for the Translog model, while it was 81.24% for the Cobb-Douglas model. So, the urban secondary schools performed better than the rural secondary schools in the Sylhet division. It is observed from the results of the Tobit model that the teacher-student ratio had a positive influence on secondary school efficiency. The teaching experiences of those who have 1 to 5 years and 10 years above, MPO type school, conventional teaching method have had a negative and significant influence on secondary school efficiency. The estimated value of σ-square (0.0625) was different from Zero, indicating a good fit. The value of γ (0.9872) was recorded as positive and it can be interpreted as follows: 98.72 percent of random variation around in secondary school outcomes due to inefficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title="efficiency">efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20schools" title=" secondary schools"> secondary schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20frontier%20analysis" title=" stochastic frontier analysis"> stochastic frontier analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148681/efficiency-of-secondary-schools-by-ict-intervention-in-sylhet-division-of-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3162</span> Leveraging Reasoning through Discourse: A Case Study in Secondary Mathematics Classrooms </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cory%20A.%20Bennett">Cory A. Bennett</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teaching and learning through the use of discourse support students’ conceptual understanding by attending to key concepts and relationships. One discourse structure used in primary classrooms is number talks wherein students mentally calculate, discuss, and reason about the appropriateness and efficiency of their strategies. In the secondary mathematics classroom, the mathematics understudy does not often lend itself to mental calculations yet learning to reason, and articulate reasoning, is central to learning mathematics. This qualitative case study discusses how one secondary school in the Middle East adapted the number talk protocol for secondary mathematics classrooms. Several challenges in implementing ‘reasoning talks’ became apparent including shifting current discourse protocols and practices to a more student-centric model, accurately recording and probing student thinking, and specifically attending to reasoning rather than computations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discourse" title="discourse">discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reasoning" title=" reasoning"> reasoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20mathematics" title=" secondary mathematics"> secondary mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20development" title=" teacher development"> teacher development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82208/leveraging-reasoning-through-discourse-a-case-study-in-secondary-mathematics-classrooms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3161</span> Application of ICT in the Teaching and Learning of English Language in Nigerian Secondary Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Ayobayowa%20Foyewa">Richard Ayobayowa Foyewa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work examined the application of ICT in the teaching and learning of English language in Nigerian secondary schools. The definition of ICT was given briefly before areas in which the ICT could be applied in teaching and learning of English language were observed. Teachers’ attitudes towards the use of the computer and Internet facilities were also observed. The conclusion drawn was that ICT is very relevant in the teaching and learning of English language in Nigerian secondary schools. It was therefore recommended that teachers who are not computer literate should go for the training without further delay; government should always employ English language teachers who are computer literates. Government should make fund available in schools for the training and re-training of English language teachers in various computer programmes and in making internet facilities available in secondary schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title="ICT">ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigerian%20secondary%20schools" title=" Nigerian secondary schools"> Nigerian secondary schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20and%20learning%20of%20English" title=" teaching and learning of English"> teaching and learning of English</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54853/application-of-ict-in-the-teaching-and-learning-of-english-language-in-nigerian-secondary-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3160</span> The Impact of School Environment and Peer Relation on Anti-Social Behaviour of Students in Science Secondary Schools in Katsina State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Mamman">Umar Mamman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the impact of school environment and peer relations on antisocial behaviour of the students of science secondary schools in Katsina State. The study sought to achieve the following objectives: to determine whether school influences antisocial behaviour among science secondary school students, and to determine whether peer relation influences anti-social behaviour among science secondary school students. The study population composed of all the students in science secondary schools in Katsina State. The study used a sample of 378 students and 18 teachers randomly selected from eleven science secondary schools in Katsina state. Three instruments were used to collect data for the study, thus: socio-economic status background questionnaire, antisocial process screening device (APSD), and inventory of parent and peer relationship questionnaire. The study findings revealed that school environment has significant effect on antisocial behaviour of the students in science secondary school (F (7, 372) = 52.08, p ≤ .01), and there is a significant effect of peer relation on antisocial behaviour of the students in science secondary school (F (7, 372) = 14.229, p ≤ .01). Based on these findings the following major recommendations were made: School environment should be made attractive and conducive for learning and character development. Teachers, as role model, should desist from indecent acts. School environment should be made learner-centered and friendly. Functional guidance and counselling outfits need to be provided in all secondary schools in Katsina state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20environment" title="school environment">school environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peer%20relation" title=" peer relation"> peer relation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-social%20behaviour" title=" anti-social behaviour"> anti-social behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychology" title=" psychology"> psychology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8503/the-impact-of-school-environment-and-peer-relation-on-anti-social-behaviour-of-students-in-science-secondary-schools-in-katsina-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3159</span> Numerical Studies on Thrust Vectoring Using Shock-Induced Self Impinging Secondary Jets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Vignesh">S. Vignesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Vishnu"> N. Vishnu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Vigneshwaran"> S. Vigneshwaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Vishnu%20Anand"> M. Vishnu Anand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinesh%20Kumar%20Babu"> Dinesh Kumar Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20R.%20Sanal%20Kumar"> V. R. Sanal Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of the primary flow velocity and the self impinging secondary jet flow mixing is important from both the fundamental research and the application point of view. Real industrial configurations are more complex than simple shear layers present in idealized numerical thrust-vectoring models due to the presence of combustion, swirl and confinement. Predicting the flow features of self impinging secondary jets in a supersonic primary flow is complex owing to the fact that there are a large number of parameters involved. Earlier studies have been highlighted several key features of self impinging jets, but an extensive characterization in terms of jet interaction between supersonic flow and self impinging secondary sonic jets is still an active research topic. In this paper numerical studies have been carried out using a validated two-dimensional k-omega standard turbulence model for the design optimization of a thrust vector control system using shock induced self impinging secondary flow sonic jets using non-reacting flows. Efforts have been taken for examining the flow features of TVC system with various secondary jets at different divergent locations and jet impinging angles with the same inlet jet pressure and mass flow ratio. The results from the parametric studies reveal that in addition to the primary to the secondary mass flow ratio the characteristics of the self impinging secondary jets having bearing on an efficient thrust vectoring. We concluded that the self impinging secondary jet nozzles are better than single jet nozzle with the same secondary mass flow rate owing to the fact fixing of the self impinging secondary jet nozzles with proper jet angle could facilitate better thrust vectoring for any supersonic aerospace vehicle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluidic%20thrust%20vectoring" title="fluidic thrust vectoring">fluidic thrust vectoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rocket%20steering" title=" rocket steering"> rocket steering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supersonic%20to%20sonic%20jet%20interaction" title=" supersonic to sonic jet interaction"> supersonic to sonic jet interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TVC%20in%20aerospace%20vehicles" title=" TVC in aerospace vehicles"> TVC in aerospace vehicles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33244/numerical-studies-on-thrust-vectoring-using-shock-induced-self-impinging-secondary-jets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">589</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3158</span> Family Support in Combating Extreme Stress: The Experience of Entrance Examinations Candidates in Greek Universities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marianna%20De%20Almeida">Marianna De Almeida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Greek secondary education is a highly selective system with regard to the access of students to Greek universities. Since access from elementary to lower secondary education and afterward to upper secondary education is rather liberal and almost free of selective mechanisms, the basic selection process comes after graduating from upper secondary school into play when students go through a highly selective process for university entry. This structure is responsible for the experience of extreme stress on the part of the candidates during a period of at least two years before the entrance examination leading to a radical change in students' everyday life routines. Instead of the school being an important agent for academic and psychological support, it seems that other agents, such as the informal private preparatory school and the student's families, take on the supportive role. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title="stress">stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrance%20examinations" title=" entrance examinations"> entrance examinations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20support" title=" family support"> family support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20education" title=" secondary education"> secondary education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162770/family-support-in-combating-extreme-stress-the-experience-of-entrance-examinations-candidates-in-greek-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3157</span> A Comparative Study of Secondary Education Curriculum of Iran with Some Developed Countries in the World</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Abdollah%20Hojjati">Seyyed Abdollah Hojjati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Review in the areas of secondary education; it is a kind of comparative requires very careful scrutiny in educational structure of different countries,In upcoming review of the basic structure of our educational system in Islamic republic of Iran with somedeveloped countries in the world, Analyzing of strengthsand weaknesses in main areas, A simple review of the above methods do not consider this particular community, Modifythe desired result can be expressed in the secondary school curriculum and academic guidance of under graduate students in a skill-driven and creativity growth, It not just improves the health and dynamism of this period and increases the secondary teachers' authority and the relationship between teacher and student in this course will be meaningful and attractive, But with reduced of false prosperity and guaranteed institutes and quizzes, areas will be provided for students to enjoy the feeling ofthe psychological comfort and to have the highest growth of creativity . <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative" title="comparative">comparative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum%20of%20secondary%20education" title=" curriculum of secondary education"> curriculum of secondary education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum" title=" curriculum"> curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developed%20countries" title=" developed countries"> developed countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14988/a-comparative-study-of-secondary-education-curriculum-of-iran-with-some-developed-countries-in-the-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3156</span> Estimation of Transition and Emission Probabilities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aakansha%20Gupta">Aakansha Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Vadnere"> Neha Vadnere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tapasvi%20Soni"> Tapasvi Soni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Anbarsi"> M. Anbarsi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Protein secondary structure prediction is one of the most important goals pursued by bioinformatics and theoretical chemistry; it is highly important in medicine and biotechnology. Some aspects of protein functions and genome analysis can be predicted by secondary structure prediction. This is used to help annotate sequences, classify proteins, identify domains, and recognize functional motifs. In this paper, we represent protein secondary structure as a mathematical model. To extract and predict the protein secondary structure from the primary structure, we require a set of parameters. Any constants appearing in the model are specified by these parameters, which also provide a mechanism for efficient and accurate use of data. To estimate these model parameters there are many algorithms out of which the most popular one is the EM algorithm or called the Expectation Maximization Algorithm. These model parameters are estimated with the use of protein datasets like RS126 by using the Bayesian Probabilistic method (data set being categorical). This paper can then be extended into comparing the efficiency of EM algorithm to the other algorithms for estimating the model parameters, which will in turn lead to an efficient component for the Protein Secondary Structure Prediction. Further this paper provides a scope to use these parameters for predicting secondary structure of proteins using machine learning techniques like neural networks and fuzzy logic. The ultimate objective will be to obtain greater accuracy better than the previously achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20parameters" title="model parameters">model parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expectation%20maximization%20algorithm" title=" expectation maximization algorithm"> expectation maximization algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20secondary%20structure%20prediction" title=" protein secondary structure prediction"> protein secondary structure prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24070/estimation-of-transition-and-emission-probabilities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3155</span> A Study on Pakistani Students’ Attitude towards Learning Mathematics and Science at Secondary Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aroona%20Hashmi">Aroona Hashmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Student’s success in Mathematics and Science depends upon their learning attitude towards both subjects. It also influences the participation rate of the learner. The present study was based on a survey of high school students about their attitude towards Mathematics and Science at Secondary level. Students of the both gender constitute the population of this study. Sample of the study was 276 students and 20 teachers from 10 Government schools from Lahore District. Questionnaire and interview were selected as tool for data collection. The results showed that Pakistani students’ positive attitude towards learning Mathematics and Science. There was a significance difference between the students’ attitude towards learning Mathematics and no significance difference was found in the students’ attitude towards learning Science at Secondary level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title="attitude">attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics" title=" mathematics"> mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science" title=" science"> science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20level" title=" secondary level"> secondary level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22275/a-study-on-pakistani-students-attitude-towards-learning-mathematics-and-science-at-secondary-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3154</span> Drainage Management In A Cascade Hydroponic System: Combination Of Cucumber And Melon Crops</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolaos%20Katsoulas">Nikolaos Katsoulas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioannis%20Naounoulis"> Ioannis Naounoulis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Faliagka"> Sofia Faliagka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cascade hydroponic systems have the potential to minimize environmental impact and improve resource efficiency by recycling the nutrient solution drained from a hydroponic (primary-donor) crop to irrigate another (secondary-receiver), less sensitive to salinity crop. However, it remains unclear if the drained solution from the primary crop can fully meet the nutritional requirements of a secondary crop and whether the productivity of the secondary crop is affected. To address this question, a prototype cascade hydroponic system was designed and tested using a cucumber crop as the donor crop and a melon as secondary crop. The performance of the system in terms of productivity and water and nutrient use efficiency was evaluated by measuring plant growth, fresh and dry matter production, nutrients content, and photosynthesis rate in the secondary crop. The amount of water and nutrients used for the primary and secondary crops was also recorded. This work was carried out under the ECONUTRI project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Horizon Europe Grant agreement: 101081858. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroponics" title="hydroponics">hydroponics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20use%20efficiencu" title=" water use efficiencu"> water use efficiencu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrients%20use%20efficiency" title=" nutrients use efficiency"> nutrients use efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175832/drainage-management-in-a-cascade-hydroponic-system-combination-of-cucumber-and-melon-crops" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175832.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3153</span> Compensation Analysis on Secondary Public Hospitals of Pudong New Area in Shanghai</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Fang">Wei Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Jun%20Gu"> Jian Jun Gu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di%20Xue"> Di Xue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To analyze the employee compensation status of secondary public hospitals of Pudong New Area in Shanghai in order to provide information for compensation reform of public hospitals in Shanghai and as well as in China. Methods: We surveyed all 15 secondary public hospitals of Pudong New Area in Shanghai to collect hospital annual compensation data for their employees and to investigate their suggestions for compensation reform in public hospitals in China. We also collected related annual compensation data of employees in Shanghai and of physicians in the USA from Shanghai statistical Yearbook 2013 and from Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Results: The average annual compensation for the employees in secondary public hospitals of Pudong New Area in Shanghai in 2012 was 2.65 times of that for overall employees in Shanghai. The physician’s compensation in these public hospitals was relatively lower than that in the USA. Conclusion: The physicians’ compensation in the secondary public hospitals of Pudong New Area in Shanghai should be increased rationally and new compensation reform in public hospitals in Shanghai should be carefully designed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource" title="human resource">human resource</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compensation" title=" compensation"> compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20hospital" title=" public hospital"> public hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanghai" title=" Shanghai"> Shanghai</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42481/compensation-analysis-on-secondary-public-hospitals-of-pudong-new-area-in-shanghai" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3152</span> Scoliosis Effect towards of Incidence of the Secondary Osteoarthritis on the Knee in Athletes at the National Sports Cibubur Hospital on July 2013-April 2014</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basuki%20Supartono">Basuki Supartono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nunuk%20Nugrohowati"> Nunuk Nugrohowati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryan%20Gamma%20Andiraldi"> Ryan Gamma Andiraldi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Osteoarthritis of the knee can occur due to scoliosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of scoliosis cause secondary osteoarthritis on the knee. This research use an analytic cross-sectional design. The total sample of 92 athletes scoliosis taken by simple random sampling technique. The data obtained were analyzing with Chi-square test, Fisher and Prevalence Ratio. The results of analysis show that there are influences on the incidence of scoliosis secondary osteoarthritis on the knee in athletes at the National Sports Hospital. Based on the criteria in the Cobbs angle had the results (p = 0.022 (p <0.05)), moderate Cobbs angle degree were 7.5 times more at risk of causing secondary osteoarthritis on the knee than a mild degree. While the shape of the curve scoliosis is getting results (p = 0.038 (p <0.05)), the shape of the S curve scoliosis 3.2 times more at risk of causing secondary osteoarthritis on the knee than the curve C. It can be concluded that there is significant influence between the Cobbs angle, shape of the curve scoliosis on the incidence of secondary osteoarthritis on the knee in National Sports Cibubur Hospital on July 2013- April 2014 <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cobbs%20angle" title="Cobbs angle">Cobbs angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curve%20shape%20scoliosis" title=" curve shape scoliosis"> curve shape scoliosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20osteoarthritis%20on%20the%20knee" title=" secondary osteoarthritis on the knee"> secondary osteoarthritis on the knee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20cross-sectional%20design" title=" analytic cross-sectional design "> analytic cross-sectional design </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15910/scoliosis-effect-towards-of-incidence-of-the-secondary-osteoarthritis-on-the-knee-in-athletes-at-the-national-sports-cibubur-hospital-on-july-2013-april-2014" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3151</span> Violence and Unintentional Injuries among Secondary School Students in Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malakeh%20Zuhdi%20Malak">Malakeh Zuhdi Malak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Taher%20Kalaldeh"> Mahmoud Taher Kalaldeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Jordan, no available data exists regarding violence and unintentional injuries among secondary school students aged 15-19 years. The purpose of this study was to assess the violence and unintentional injuries among those students, and to compare these two behaviors between male and female students. A descriptive cross-sectional design was carried out on randomly selected eight comprehensive secondary schools (four schools for females and four schools for males) from the public school educational directorate located in Amman. A modified Arabic version of the General School Health Survey questionnaire was used to measure violence and unintentional injuries. A sample of 750 secondary school students was studied. The findings showed that 26.8 % of students had been physically attacked. Overall, 43.3 % of students had been involved in a physical fight and 20.1% of them had been bullied. Overall, 45.3% of students were seriously injured. There was a difference between male and female students regarding to physical attack, physical fight, and serious injuries. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop effective training program in life skills for students that functions to reduce risk-taking behaviors that often leading to violence and unintentional injuries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20school%20students" title="secondary school students">secondary school students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unintentional%20injuries" title=" unintentional injuries"> unintentional injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bullying" title=" bullying"> bullying</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26417/violence-and-unintentional-injuries-among-secondary-school-students-in-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3150</span> A Metallography Study of Secondary A226 Aluminium Alloy Used in Automotive Industries </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lenka%20Hurtalov%C3%A1">Lenka Hurtalová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eva%20Tillov%C3%A1"> Eva Tillová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%C3%A1ria%20Chalupov%C3%A1"> Mária Chalupová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juraj%20Belan"> Juraj Belan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milan%20Uhr%C3%AD%C4%8Dik"> Milan Uhríčik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The secondary alloy A226 is used for many automotive casting produced by mould casting and high pressure die-casting. This alloy has excellent castability, good mechanical properties and cost-effectiveness. Production of primary aluminium alloys belong to heavy source fouling of life environs. The European Union calls for the emission reduction and reduction in energy consumption, therefore, increase production of recycled (secondary) aluminium cast alloys. The contribution is deal with influence of recycling on the quality of the casting made from A226 in automotive industry. The properties of the casting made from secondary aluminium alloys were compared with the required properties of primary aluminium alloys. The effect of recycling on microstructure was observed using combination different analytical techniques (light microscopy upon black-white etching, scanning electron microscopy-SEM upon deep etching and energy dispersive X-ray analysis-EDX). These techniques were used for the identification of the various structure parameters, which was used to compare secondary alloy microstructure with primary alloy microstructure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A226%20secondary%20aluminium%20alloy" title="A226 secondary aluminium alloy">A226 secondary aluminium alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20etching" title=" deep etching"> deep etching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling%20foundry%20aluminium%20alloy" title=" recycling foundry aluminium alloy"> recycling foundry aluminium alloy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20090/a-metallography-study-of-secondary-a226-aluminium-alloy-used-in-automotive-industries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20rhinoplasty&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20rhinoplasty&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20rhinoplasty&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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