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vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ເຄື່ອງມືສ່ວນບຸກຄົນ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ເຄື່ອງມືສ່ວນບຸກຄົນ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=lo.wikipedia.org&uselang=lo"><span>ບໍລິຈາກໃຫ້ວິກິພີເດຍ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5&returnto=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ນີ້ບໍ່ແມ່ນການບັງຄັບ. ແຕ່ຢ່າງໃດກໍຕາມ, ທ່ານຄວນທີ່ຈະສ້າງບັນຊີແລະເຂົ້າສູ່ລະບົບ."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ສ້າງບັນຊີ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2&returnto=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ນີ້ບໍ່ແມ່ນການບັງຄັບ. ແຕ່ຢ່າງໃດກໍຕາມ, ທ່ານຄວນທີ່ຈະເຂົ້າສູ່ລະບົບ.[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ເຂົ້າສູ່ລະບົບ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%82%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%8D" title="A list of edits made from this IP address[y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%82%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%8D" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address[n]" accesskey="n"><span>ສົນທະນາ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ທີ່ມາຂອງຄຳວ່າ_"ລາວ"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ທີ່ມາຂອງຄຳວ່າ_"ລາວ""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ທີ່ມາຂອງຄຳວ່າ "ລາວ"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ທີ່ມາຂອງຄຳວ່າ_"ລາວ"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ປະຫວັດສາດ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ປະຫວັດສາດ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ປະຫວັດສາດ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ປະຫວັດສາດ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ປະຫວັດສາດ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ປະຫວັດສາດ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ຍຸກປະຖົມບູຮານ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ຍຸກປະຖົມບູຮານ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>ຍຸກປະຖົມບູຮານ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ຍຸກປະຖົມບູຮານ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ຍຸກອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ຍຸກອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>ຍຸກອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ຍຸກອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ຍຸກຕົກເປັນຫົວເມືອງຂຶ້ນຝຣັ່ງເສດ_(ຄ.ສ.1893–1953)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ຍຸກຕົກເປັນຫົວເມືອງຂຶ້ນຝຣັ່ງເສດ_(ຄ.ສ.1893–1953)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>ຍຸກຕົກເປັນຫົວເມືອງຂຶ້ນຝຣັ່ງເສດ (ຄ.ສ.1893–1953)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ຍຸກຕົກເປັນຫົວເມືອງຂຶ້ນຝຣັ່ງເສດ_(ຄ.ສ.1893–1953)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ຍຸກຫຼັງປະກາດເອກະລາດ_ແລະ_ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງ_(ຄ.ສ.1953–1975)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ຍຸກຫຼັງປະກາດເອກະລາດ_ແລະ_ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງ_(ຄ.ສ.1953–1975)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>ຍຸກຫຼັງປະກາດເອກະລາດ ແລະ ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງ (ຄ.ສ.1953–1975)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ຍຸກຫຼັງປະກາດເອກະລາດ_ແລະ_ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງ_(ຄ.ສ.1953–1975)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ຍຸກສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕປະຊາຊົນລາວ_(ຄ.ສ.1975~)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ຍຸກສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕປະຊາຊົນລາວ_(ຄ.ສ.1975~)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>ຍຸກສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕປະຊາຊົນລາວ (ຄ.ສ.1975~)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ຍຸກສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕປະຊາຊົນລາວ_(ຄ.ສ.1975~)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ພູມສັນຖານ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ພູມສັນຖານ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ພູມສັນຖານ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ພູມສັນຖານ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ພູມສັນຖານ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ພູມສັນຖານ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ລັກສະນະພູມອາກາດ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ລັກສະນະພູມອາກາດ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>ລັກສະນະພູມອາກາດ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ລັກສະນະພູມອາກາດ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ຊັບພະຍາກອນທຳມະຊາດ_ແລະ_ປ່າໄມ້" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ຊັບພະຍາກອນທຳມະຊາດ_ແລະ_ປ່າໄມ້"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>ຊັບພະຍາກອນທຳມະຊາດ ແລະ ປ່າໄມ້</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ຊັບພະຍາກອນທຳມະຊາດ_ແລະ_ປ່າໄມ້-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ປະເພດປ່າ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ປະເພດປ່າ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.1</span> <span>ປະເພດປ່າ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ປະເພດປ່າ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ທໍ່ສົ່ງນໍ້າມັນ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ທໍ່ສົ່ງນໍ້າມັນ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>ທໍ່ສົ່ງນໍ້າມັນ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ທໍ່ສົ່ງນໍ້າມັນ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ລັກສະນະພູມອາກາດ_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ລັກສະນະພູມອາກາດ_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>ລັກສະນະພູມອາກາດ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ລັກສະນະພູມອາກາດ_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ການເມືອງ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ການເມືອງ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>ການເມືອງ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ການເມືອງ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ການເມືອງ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ການເມືອງ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ອຳນາດນິຕິບັນຍັດ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ອຳນາດນິຕິບັນຍັດ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>ອຳນາດນິຕິບັນຍັດ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ອຳນາດນິຕິບັນຍັດ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ຝ່າຍບໍລິຫານ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ຝ່າຍບໍລິຫານ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>ຝ່າຍບໍລິຫານ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ຝ່າຍບໍລິຫານ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ເສດຖະກິດຂອງລາວ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ເສດຖະກິດຂອງລາວ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>ເສດຖະກິດຂອງລາວ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ເສດຖະກິດຂອງລາວ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ເສດຖະກິດຂອງລາວ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ເສດຖະກິດຂອງລາວ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ສະພາບເສດຖະກິດ-ສັງຄົມ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ສະພາບເສດຖະກິດ-ສັງຄົມ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>ສະພາບເສດຖະກິດ-ສັງຄົມ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ສະພາບເສດຖະກິດ-ສັງຄົມ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ການລົງທຶນ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ການລົງທຶນ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>ການລົງທຶນ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ການລົງທຶນ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ການຮ່ວມມືໃນພູມມີພາກອາຊຽນ_ລາວເຂົ້າເປັນສະມາຊິກອາຊຽນເມື່ອວັນທີ_23_ກໍລະກົດ_1997_ແລະ_ໄດ້ເປັນປະທານ_ຄະນະກຳມະການອາຊຽນເມື່ອປີ_2004." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ການຮ່ວມມືໃນພູມມີພາກອາຊຽນ_ລາວເຂົ້າເປັນສະມາຊິກອາຊຽນເມື່ອວັນທີ_23_ກໍລະກົດ_1997_ແລະ_ໄດ້ເປັນປະທານ_ຄະນະກຳມະການອາຊຽນເມື່ອປີ_2004."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>ການຮ່ວມມືໃນພູມມີພາກອາຊຽນ ລາວເຂົ້າເປັນສະມາຊິກອາຊຽນເມື່ອວັນທີ 23 ກໍລະກົດ 1997 ແລະ ໄດ້ເປັນປະທານ ຄະນະກຳມະການອາຊຽນເມື່ອປີ 2004.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ການຮ່ວມມືໃນພູມມີພາກອາຊຽນ_ລາວເຂົ້າເປັນສະມາຊິກອາຊຽນເມື່ອວັນທີ_23_ກໍລະກົດ_1997_ແລະ_ໄດ້ເປັນປະທານ_ຄະນະກຳມະການອາຊຽນເມື່ອປີ_2004.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ການຄ້າ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ການຄ້າ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>ການຄ້າ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ການຄ້າ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ສື່ມວນຊົນ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ສື່ມວນຊົນ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>ສື່ມວນຊົນ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ສື່ມວນຊົນ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ສັງຄົມ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ສັງຄົມ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>ສັງຄົມ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ສັງຄົມ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ສັງຄົມ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ສັງຄົມ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ປະຊາກອນ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ປະຊາກອນ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>ປະຊາກອນ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ປະຊາກອນ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານເພດ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານເພດ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານເພດ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານເພດ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານອາຊີບ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານອາຊີບ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານອາຊີບ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານອາຊີບ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານຊົນເຜົ່າ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານຊົນເຜົ່າ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span><b>ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານຊົນເຜົ່າ</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານຊົນເຜົ່າ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ພາສາ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ພາສາ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>ພາສາ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ພາສາ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ຄວາມເປັນມາຂອງພາສາລາວ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ຄວາມເປັນມາຂອງພາສາລາວ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>ຄວາມເປັນມາຂອງພາສາລາວ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ຄວາມເປັນມາຂອງພາສາລາວ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ສາສະໜາ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ສາສະໜາ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>ສາສະໜາ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ສາສະໜາ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ວັດທະນະທຳ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ວັດທະນະທຳ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>ວັດທະນະທຳ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ວັດທະນະທຳ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ແຄນລາວ_ມໍລະດົກໂລກ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ແຄນລາວ_ມໍລະດົກໂລກ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span><b>ແຄນລາວ ມໍລະດົກໂລກ</b></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ແຄນລາວ_ມໍລະດົກໂລກ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ອາຫານລາວ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ອາຫານລາວ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>ອາຫານລາວ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ອາຫານລາວ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ການແບ່ງເຂດການປົກຄອງ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ການແບ່ງເຂດການປົກຄອງ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>ການແບ່ງເຂດການປົກຄອງ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ການແບ່ງເຂດການປົກຄອງ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ການແບ່ງເຂດການປົກຄອງ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ການແບ່ງເຂດການປົກຄອງ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ວັນສຳຄັນ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ວັນສຳຄັນ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>ວັນສຳຄັນ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ວັນສຳຄັນ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ການຄົມມະນາຄົມ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ການຄົມມະນາຄົມ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>ການຄົມມະນາຄົມ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ການຄົມມະນາຄົມ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ການຄົມມະນາຄົມ subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ການຄົມມະນາຄົມ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ເສັ້ນທາງບົກ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ເສັ້ນທາງບົກ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>ເສັ້ນທາງບົກ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ເສັ້ນທາງບົກ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ເສັ້ນທາງລົດໄຟ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ເສັ້ນທາງລົດໄຟ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>ເສັ້ນທາງລົດໄຟ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ເສັ້ນທາງລົດໄຟ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ເສັ້ນທາງນ້ຳ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ເສັ້ນທາງນ້ຳ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>ເສັ້ນທາງນ້ຳ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ເສັ້ນທາງນ້ຳ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ທາງອາກາດ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ທາງອາກາດ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>ທາງອາກາດ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ທາງອາກາດ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ສາຍການບິນ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ສາຍການບິນ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.1</span> <span>ສາຍການບິນ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ສາຍການບິນ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ສະໜາມບິນ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ສະໜາມບິນ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.2</span> <span>ສະໜາມບິນ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ສະໜາມບິນ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ອັນດັບເວທີລະຫວ່າງປະເທດແລະໂລກ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ອັນດັບເວທີລະຫວ່າງປະເທດແລະໂລກ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>ອັນດັບເວທີລະຫວ່າງປະເທດແລະໂລກ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ອັນດັບເວທີລະຫວ່າງປະເທດແລະໂລກ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ເຫດການສຳຄັນ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ເຫດການສຳຄັນ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>ເຫດການສຳຄັນ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ເຫດການສຳຄັນ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ເພີ່ມເຕີມ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ເພີ່ມເຕີມ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>ເພີ່ມເຕີມ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ເພີ່ມເຕີມ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ຂໍ້ຄວາມຂະຫຍາຍ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ຂໍ້ຄວາມຂະຫຍາຍ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>ຂໍ້ຄວາມຂະຫຍາຍ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ຂໍ້ຄວາມຂະຫຍາຍ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ອ້າງອີງ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ອ້າງອີງ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>ອ້າງອີງ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ອ້າງອີງ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ບັນນານຸກົມ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ບັນນານຸກົມ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>ບັນນານຸກົມ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ບັນນານຸກົມ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ປະເທດລາວ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 255 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-255" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">255 ພາສາ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ແອບຄາຊຽນ" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="ແອບຄາຊຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ແອັກຊີເນັສ" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ແອັກຊີເນັສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ເອດີຮິ" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="ເອດີຮິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອາຟຣິການ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ອາຟຣິການ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ສະວິສ ເຈີແມນ" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ສະວິສ ເຈີແມນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8B%E1%8B%8E%E1%88%B5" title="ላዎስ – ອຳຮາຣິກ" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ላዎስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="ອຳຮາຣິກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອາຣາໂກເນັດ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ອາຣາໂກເນັດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laoland" title="Laoland – ອັງກິດໂບຮານ" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Laoland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ອັງກິດໂບຮານ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8" title="लाओस – ແອນຈີກາ" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लाओस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ແອນຈີກາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لاوس – ອາຣັບ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ອາຣັບ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B5" title="لاووص – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لاووص" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لاوس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لاوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9A" title="লাউচ – ອັສຊາມີສ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লাউচ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ອັສຊາມີສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອັສຕູຮຽນ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ອັສຕູຮຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ອາວາຣິກ" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="ອາວາຣິກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8" title="लाओस – ອາວາຮິ" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="लाओस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="ອາວາຮິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອາເຊີໄບຈານິ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ອາເຊີໄບຈານິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لائوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لائوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ບາຣກີ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ບາຣກີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ບາລີເນັດ" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="ບາລີເນັດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauosos" title="Lauosos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lauosos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ເບລາຣັສຊຽນ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ເບລາຣັສຊຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ບັງກາຣຽນ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ບັງກາຣຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8" title="लाओस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लाओस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ບິສລະມາ" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="ບິສລະມາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="လာအိုခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="လာအိုခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B8" title="লাওস – ເບັງກາລີ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লাওস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ເບັງກາລີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ལའོ་སུ། – ທິເບທັນ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལའོ་སུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ທິເບທັນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B8" title="লাওস – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="লাওস" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ເບຣຕັນ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ເບຣຕັນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ບອສນຽນ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ບອສນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%9A_(%E1%A8%93%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%93)" title="ᨒᨕᨚ (ᨓᨊᨘᨓ) – ບູຈີເນັດ" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨒᨕᨚ (ᨓᨊᨘᨓ)" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="ບູຈີເນັດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຄາຕາລານ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ຄາຕາລານ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ຊີເຄນ" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ຊີເຄນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຊີບູໂນ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="ຊີບູໂນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لاوس – ໂຊຣານິ ເຄີດິຊ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لاوس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ໂຊຣານິ ເຄີດິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຄຣີເມນເຕີຄິຊ" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="ຄຣີເມນເຕີຄິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ເຊກ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ເຊກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%B2s" title="Laòs – ກາຊູບຽນ" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Laòs" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="ກາຊູບຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ຊູວາຊ" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ຊູວາຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ເວວ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ເວວ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ແດນິຊ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ແດນິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ເຢຍລະມັນ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ເຢຍລະມັນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຊໍບຽນຕໍ່ກວ່າ" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ຊໍບຽນຕໍ່ກວ່າ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8" title="लाओस – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="लाओस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%87%DE%AF%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ލާއޯސް – ດີວີຮີ" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ލާއޯސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ດີວີຮີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອິວາ" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ອິວາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Λάος – ກຣີກ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λάος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ກຣີກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອັງກິດ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ອັງກິດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ບົດຄວາມດີເດັ່ນ"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laoso" title="Laoso – ເອສປາຍ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Laoso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ເອສປາຍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ສະແປນນິຊ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ສະແປນນິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ເອສໂຕນຽນ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ເອສໂຕນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ບັສກີ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ບັສກີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لائوس – ເປີຊຽນ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لائوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ເປີຊຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຟູລາ" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ຟູລາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຟິນນິຊ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ຟິນນິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຟິຈຽນ" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="ຟິຈຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຟາໂຣສ" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ຟາໂຣສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຝຣັ່ງ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ຝຣັ່ງ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຟຣີຊຽນເໜືອ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ຟຣີຊຽນເໜືອ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຟຣິຊຽນ ຕາເວັນຕົກ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ຟຣິຊຽນ ຕາເວັນຕົກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ໄອຣິສ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ໄອຣິສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ກາກາອຸຊ" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="ກາກາອຸຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%92%BE" title="老撾 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="老撾" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A0thos" title="Làthos – ສະກັອດເກລິກ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Làthos" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ສະກັອດເກລິກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ກາລິຊຽນ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ກາລິຊຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1o" title="Láo – ກົວຣານີ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Láo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ກົວຣານີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8" title="लाओस – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="लाओस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%93%E0%AA%B8" title="લાઓસ – ກູຈາຣາຕິ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લાઓસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ກູຈາຣາຕິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Laos" title="Yn Laos – ແມງຊ໌" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Laos" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="ແມງຊ໌" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ເຮົາຊາ" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ເຮົາຊາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laosa" title="Laosa – ຮາໄວອຽນ" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Laosa" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="ຮາໄວອຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1" title="לאוס – ຮີບຣິວ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לאוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ຮີບຣິວ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8" title="लाओस – ຮິນດິ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लाओस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ຮິນດິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ໂຄຣເອທຽນ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ໂຄຣເອທຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຊໍບຽນ ທາງຕອນເໜືອ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ຊໍບຽນ ທາງຕອນເໜືອ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lay%C3%B2s" title="Layòs – ໄຮຕຽນ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Layòs" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ໄຮຕຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laosz" title="Laosz – ຮັງກາຣຽນ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Laosz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ຮັງກາຣຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Լաոս – ອາເມນຽນ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լաոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ອາເມນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອິນເຕີລິງລົວ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ອິນເຕີລິງລົວ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ໄອບານ" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ໄອບານ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອິນໂດເນຊຽນ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ອິນໂດເນຊຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອິນເຕີລິງກຣີ" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="ອິນເຕີລິງກຣີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lausaq" title="Lausaq – ອິນນູປຽກ" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Lausaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="ອິນນູປຽກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ໄອໂລໂກ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ໄອໂລໂກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອີໂດ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ອີໂດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ໄອສແລນດິກ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ໄອສແລນດິກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອິຕາລຽນ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ອິຕາລຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%9B%E1%90%85%E1%94%85" title="ᓛᐅᔅ – ອິນນຸກຕິຕັດ" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓛᐅᔅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="ອິນນຸກຕິຕັດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9" title="ラオス – ຍີ່ປຸ່ນ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラオス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ຍີ່ປຸ່ນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laus" title="Laus – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Laus" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/laus" title="laus – ໂລບບັນ" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="laus" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ໂລບບັນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos_(nagara)" title="Laos (nagara) – ຈາແວນີສ" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Laos (nagara)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ຈາແວນີສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ლაოსი – ຈໍຈຽນ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლაოსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ຈໍຈຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ກາຣາ-ການປາກ" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="ກາຣາ-ການປາກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ກາບາດຽນ" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="ກາບາດຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%C9%94s%C9%A9" title="Lawɔsɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lawɔsɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຄອງໂກ" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="ຄອງໂກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຄິຄູຢຸ" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="ຄິຄູຢຸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ຄາຊັກ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ຄາຊັກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="ບົດຄວາມດີເດັ່ນ"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C" title="ឡាវ – ຂະເໝນ" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឡាវ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ຂະເໝນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲಾವೋಸ್ – ຄັນນາດາ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಾವೋಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ຄັນນາດາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="라오스 – ເກົາຫລີ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라오스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ເກົາຫລີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ກາຣາໄຊ-ບານກາ" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="ກາຣາໄຊ-ບານກາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ເຄີດິສ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ເຄີດິສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ໂຄມິ" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="ໂຄມິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Lao" title="Pow Lao – ຄໍນິຊ" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Lao" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="ຄໍນິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ເກຍກີສ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ເກຍກີສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laotia" title="Laotia – ລາຕິນ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Laotia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ລາຕິນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ລາດີໂນ" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ລາດີໂນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ລັກເຊມບວກກິຊ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ລັກເຊມບວກກິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lau" title="Lau – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lau" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ລິມເບີກີຊ" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ລິມເບີກີຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ລີກູຣຽນ" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ລີກູຣຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ລອມບາດ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ລອມບາດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ລິງກາລາ" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ລິງກາລາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laosas" title="Laosas – ລິທົວນຽນ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Laosas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ລິທົວນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laosa" title="Laosa – ລັດວຽນ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Laosa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ລັດວຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ມາດູລາ" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="ມາດູລາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8" title="लाओस – ໄມທີລິ" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लाओस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ໄມທີລິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ມອກຊາ" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="ມອກຊາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%C3%B4sy" title="Laôsy – ມາລາກາສຊີ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Laôsy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ມາລາກາສຊີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%81oho" title="Rāoho – ມາວຣິ" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rāoho" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="ມາວຣິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ມີແນງກາບູ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="ມີແນງກາບູ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ແມຊິໂດນຽນ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ແມຊິໂດນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ലാവോസ് – ມາເລອາລຳ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലാവോസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ມາເລອາລຳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ມອງໂກເລຍ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ມອງໂກເລຍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%81" title="ꯂꯥꯑꯣꯁ – ມານີພູຣິ" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯥꯑꯣꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="ມານີພູຣິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8" title="लाओस – ມາຣາທີ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लाओस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ມາຣາທີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ມາເລ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ມາເລ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ມອລທີສ" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="ມອລທີສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ມີລັນດາ" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="ມີລັນດາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="လာအိုနိုင်ငံ – ມຽນມາ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လာအိုနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ມຽນມາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لائوس – ມາແຊນເດີລັງ" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لائوس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="ມາແຊນເດີລັງ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ນາໂປລີ" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="ນາໂປລີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ເຢຍລະມັນ ຕອນໃຕ້" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ເຢຍລະມັນ ຕອນໃຕ້" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8" title="लाओस – ເນປາລີ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लाओस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ເນປາລີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8" title="लाओस – ນີວາຣິ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लाओस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ນີວາຣິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ນີ່ອັດ" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="ນີ່ອັດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ດັຊ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ດັຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ນໍເວຈຽນ ນີນອກ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ນໍເວຈຽນ ນີນອກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ນໍເວຈຽນ ບັອກມອລ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ນໍເວຈຽນ ບັອກມອລ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzi%C5%82tah_Bin%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1daa%C5%82ts%CA%BC%C3%B3z%C3%AD_Doot%C5%82%CA%BCizh%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dziłtah Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dootłʼizhí Bikéyah – ນາວາໂຈ" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dziłtah Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dootłʼizhí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="ນາວາໂຈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ນານຈາ" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="ນານຈາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອັອກຊີຕານ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ອັອກຊີຕານ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laa%27os" title="Laa'os – ໂອໂຣໂມ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Laa'os" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ໂອໂຣໂມ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%B8" title="ଲାଓସ – ໂອເດຍ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲାଓସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ໂອເດຍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ອອດເຊຕິກ" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ອອດເຊຕິກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%B8" title="ਲਾਉਸ – ປັນຈາບີ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਾਉਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ປັນຈາບີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ປານກາຊີນານ" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="ປານກາຊີນານ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1us" title="Láus – ປາມປານກາ" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Láus" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="ປາມປານກາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ປາມເປຍເມັນໂທ" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="ປາມເປຍເມັນໂທ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8" title="लाओस – ປາລີ" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="लाओस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="ປາລີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ໂປລິຊ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ໂປລິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A0os" title="Làos – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Làos" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B3" title="لاؤس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لاؤس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لاوس – ປາສໂຕ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لاوس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ປາສໂຕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ປອກຕຸຍກິສ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ປອກຕຸຍກິສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_suyu" title="Law suyu – ຄີຊົວ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Law suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ຄີຊົວ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ໂຣແມນຊ໌" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="ໂຣແມນຊ໌" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ໂຣແມນຽນ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ໂຣແມນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ລັດເຊຍ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ລັດເຊຍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawosi" title="Lawosi – ຄິນຢາວານດາ" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Lawosi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ຄິນຢາວານດາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8" title="लाओस – ສັນສະກຣິດ" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लाओस" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="ສັນສະກຣິດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ຊາກາ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ຊາກາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱞᱟᱣᱚᱥ – ຊານທາລິ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱟᱣᱚᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="ຊານທາລິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ສາດີນຽນ" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ສາດີນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຊີຊິລີນ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ຊີຊິລີນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ສກອດ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ສກອດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لائوس – ສິນທິ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لائوس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ສິນທິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຊາມິເໜືອ" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ຊາມິເໜືອ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ເຊີໂບ-ໂກເຊຍ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="ເຊີໂບ-ໂກເຊຍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%81%A2%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းလၢဝ်း – ຊານ" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းလၢဝ်း" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="ຊານ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%95%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA" title="ලාඕසය – ສິນຫາລາ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලාඕසය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ສິນຫາລາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ສະໂລແວັກ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ສະໂລແວັກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B3" title="لاؤس – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="لاؤس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ສະໂລເວນຽນ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ສະໂລເວນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laosi" title="Laosi – ຊາມົວ" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Laosi" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="ຊາມົວ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອີນາຣິຊາມິ" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="ອີນາຣິຊາມິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raosi" title="Raosi – ໂຊນາ" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Raosi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ໂຊນາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ໂຊມາລີ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ໂຊມາລີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laosi" title="Laosi – ອານບານຽນ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Laosi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ອານບານຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ເຊີບຽນ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ເຊີບຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILawoso" title="ILawoso – ສະວາຕິ" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="ILawoso" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="ສະວາຕິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຊຸນແດນນີສ" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ຊຸນແດນນີສ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ສະວີດິຊ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ສະວີດິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຊວາຮີລິ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ຊວາຮີລິ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຊີເລສຊຽນ" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="ຊີເລສຊຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="லாவோஸ் – ທາມິລ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லாவோஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ທາມິລ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%9D%E1%A5%B0" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="లావోస్ – ເຕລູກູ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లావోస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ເຕລູກູ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ເຕຕູມ" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="ເຕຕູມ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ທາຈິກ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ທາຈິກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="ประเทศลาว – ໄທ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศลาว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ໄທ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ເທີກເມັນ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ເທີກເມັນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຕາກາລອກ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ຕາກາລອກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lau" title="Lau – ທອງການ" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lau" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="ທອງການ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ທອກພີຊິນ" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ທອກພີຊິນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ເທີຄິຊ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ເທີຄິຊ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຕາໂລໂກ" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="ຕາໂລໂກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ເຕຊອງກາ" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="ເຕຊອງກາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ທາທາ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ທາທາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ຕຳບູກາ" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="ຕຳບູກາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ທວີ" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="ທວີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ອຸດມັດ" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="ອຸດມັດ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لائوس – ອຸຍເຄີ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لائوس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ອຸຍເຄີ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лаос – ຢູເຄຣນຽນ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лаос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ຢູເຄຣນຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B3" title="لاؤس – ອູຣດູ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لاؤس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ອູຣດູ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ອຸສເບກ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ອຸສເບກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A0os" title="Łàos – ເວເນຊຽນ" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łàos" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="ເວເນຊຽນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A0o" title="Lào – ຫວຽດນາມ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lào" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ຫວຽດນາມ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos%C3%A4n" title="Laosän – ໂວລາພັກ" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Laosän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="ໂວລາພັກ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – ວາເລ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ວາເລ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ewum_Lawos" title="Réewum Lawos – ວໍລອບ" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Réewum Lawos" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ວໍລອບ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝 – ຈີນອູ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="老挝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ຈີນອູ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ლაოსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლაოსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%90%D7%A1" title="לאאס – ຢິວ" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לאאס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ຢິວ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1%E1%BB%8D%CC%80s" title="Láọ̀s – ໂຢຣູບາ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Láọ̀s" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ໂຢຣູບາ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laujvoh" title="Laujvoh – ຊວາງ" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Laujvoh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ຊວາງ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Laos" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝 – ຈີນ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="老挝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ຈີນ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%92%BE" title="老撾 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="老撾" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1u-o" title="Láu-o – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Láu-o" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%92%BE" title="老撾 – ກວາງຕຸ້ງ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="老撾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ກວາງຕຸ້ງ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Flag_of_Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ທຸງຊາດລາວ"><img alt="ທຸງຊາດລາວ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/250px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div>ທຸງຊາດ</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Emblem_of_Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ເຄື່ອງໝາຍຊາດຂອງລາວ"><img alt="ເຄື່ອງໝາຍຊາດຂອງລາວ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Emblem_of_Laos.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Emblem_of_Laos.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ເພງຊາດລາວ">ເພງຊາດລາວ</a>"<br /><div style="padding-top:0.5em;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="51" data-mwtitle="National_Anthem_of_Laos.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/National_Anthem_of_Laos.ogg/National_Anthem_of_Laos.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/National_Anthem_of_Laos.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Laos.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" 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data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Laos.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Laos.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Laos.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_Anthem_of_Laos.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Laos_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Laos_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Laos_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Laos_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Laos_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Laos_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Laos_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">ສະແດງລູກໂລກ</span></div><div><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Location_Laos_ASEAN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Location_Laos_ASEAN.svg/250px-Location_Laos_ASEAN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Location_Laos_ASEAN.svg/500px-Location_Laos_ASEAN.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="900" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">ສະແດງແຜນທີ່ອາຊຽນ</span></div></div><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:11px;line-height:1.15em;"><span style="font-size:11px;">ທີ່ຕັ້ງຂອງ<span style="font-size:2px;"> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ປະເທດລາວ</a><span style="font-size:8px;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">  </span></span>(<span style="font-size:9px;">ຂຽວ</span>)</span><p style="width:250px;font-size:11px;text-align:center;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:1.15em;">ໃນ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ອາຊຽນ">ອາຊຽນ</a><span style="font-size:8px;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">  </span></span>(<span style="font-size:9px;">ເທົາເຂັ້ມ</span>)  —  [<span style="font-size:10px;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Location_Laos_ASEAN.svg" title="ຮູບ:Location Laos ASEAN.svg">ຄຳອະທິບາຍສັນຍະລັກ</a></span>]</p></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87" title="ນະຄອນຫຼວງ">ເມືອງຫຼວງ</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ">ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ</a><br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&params=17_58_N_102_36_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="ແຜນທີ່ ຮູບຖ່າຍທາງອາກາດ ແລະ ຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນກ່ຽວກັບສະຖານທີ່ນີ້"><span class="latitude">17°58′N</span> <span class="longitude">102°36′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="ແຜນທີ່ ຮູບຖ່າຍທາງອາກາດ ແລະ ຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນກ່ຽວກັບສະຖານທີ່ນີ້">17.967°N 102.600°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">17.967; 102.600</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row">ເມືອງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດ</th><td>ເມືອງຫຼວງພຣະບາງ</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ພາສາລັດຖະການ">ພາສາລັດຖະການ</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ພາສາລາວ">ພາສາລາວ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ພາສາທີ່ເວົ້າ</th><td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r105799">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ພາສາລາວ">ລາວ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87" title="ພາສາມົ້ງ">ມົ້ງ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B6%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ພາສາກຶມມຸ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກຶມມຸ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ພາສາຝຣັ່ງ">ຝຣັ່ງ</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ກຸ່ມຊົນເຜົ່າ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກຸ່ມຊົນເຜົ່າ</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (2015<sup id="cite_ref-Census2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r105798">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>53.2% <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7_(%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2)" title="ລາວ (ຊົນເຜົ່າ)">ລາວ</a></li><li>11% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B6%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊາວກຶມມຸ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກຶມມຸ</a></li><li>9.2% <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87" title="ຊາວມົ້ງ">ມົ້ງ</a></li><li>3.4% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%89%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊາວຜູ້ໄທ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຜູ້ໄທ</a></li><li>3.1% <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97-%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%94" title="ກຸ່ມຊາດພັນໄທ-ກະໄດ">ໄທ</a></li><li>2.5% Makong</li><li>2.2% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊາວກະຕາງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກະຕາງ</a></li><li>2.0% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊາວລື້ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ລື້</a></li><li>1.8% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ອາຄາ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອາຄາ</a></li><li>11.6% ອື່ນໆ <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>lower-alpha 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ສາສະໜາ <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r105798" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>66.0% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ພຸດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ພຸດ</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>lower-alpha 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>30.7% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສາສະໜາຜີ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສາສະໜາຜີ</a></li><li>1.5% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສາສະໜາຄຣິດໃນປະເທດລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຄຣິດ</a></li><li>1.8% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສາສະໜາໃນປະເທດລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອື່ນໆ</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ການບໍ່ມີສາສະໜາ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ບໍ່ມີ</a><sup id="cite_ref-assets.pewresearch.org_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-assets.pewresearch.org-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A1" title="ເດມະນິມ">ເດມະນິມ</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ປະຊາກອນລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຊາວລາວ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ການປົກຄອງ</th><td>ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ຄອມມິວນິດ</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເລຂາທິການໃຫຍ່ພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເລຂາທິການໃຫຍ່</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87_%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%9B_%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ປະທານປະເທດ ແຫ່ງ ສປປ ລາວ">ປະທານປະເທດ</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>lower-alpha 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99_%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ທອງລຸນ ສີສຸລິດ">ທອງລຸນ ສີສຸລິດ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ລາຍຊື່ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີລາວ">ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ</a> </div></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A_%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ສອນໄຊ ສີພັນດອນ">ສອນໄຊ ສີພັນດອນ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87_%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%9B_%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ຮອງປະທານປະເທດ ແຫ່ງ ສປປ ລາວ">ຮອງປະທານປະເທດ</a> </div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87_%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ບຸນທອງ ຈິດມະນີ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ບຸນທອງ ຈິດມະນີ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5_%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%89" title="ປານີ ຍາທໍ່ຕູ້">ປານີ ຍາທໍ່ຕູ້</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94_(%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ປະທານສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດ (ປະເທດລາວ) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ປະທານສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດ</a> </div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99_%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ໄຊສົມພອນ ພົມວິຫານ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ໄຊສົມພອນ ພົມວິຫານ</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ສະພານິຕິບັນຍັດ</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ປະຫວັດສາດລາວ">ກໍ່ຕັ້ງ</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງ">ອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງ</a> </div></th><td>1354–1707</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ພຣະຣາຊອານາຈັກຫລວງພະບາງ">ອານາຈັກຫຼວງພະບາງ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ອານາຈັກວຽງຈັນ">ອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງວຽງຈັນ</a> ແລະ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81" title="ອານາຈັກຈຳປາສັກ">ອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງຈຳປາສັກ</a> </div></th><td>1707–1778</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງຖືກປົກຄອງໂດຍ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99_(%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%84%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%A2%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%87)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ອານາຈັກລັດຕະນະໂກສິນ (ສະໄໝລະບອບຊາທິປະໄຕຢ່າງແທ້ຈິງ) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສະຫຍາມ</a> </div></th><td>1778–1893</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ອິນດູຈີນຝຣັ່ງ">ຕົກເປັນອານານິຄົມຝຣັ່ງ</a> </div></th><td>1893–1953</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ຮວມລາຊະອານາຈັກ </div></th><td>11 ພຶດສະພາ 1947</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ພຣະຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວ">ປະກາດເອກະລາດ</a><br />ຈາກ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ອານາຈັກອານານິຄົມຝຣັ່ງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຝຣັ່ງ</a> </div></th><td>22 ຕຸລາ 1953</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງລາວ">ລົ້ມລ້າງກະສັດ</a> </div></th><td>2 ທັນວາ 1975</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນສະບັບປັດຈຸບັນ</a> </div></th><td>14 ສິງຫາ 1991</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ວັນຊາດ">ວັນຊາດ</a> </div></th><td>2 ທັນວາ</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;">ພື້ນທີ່</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ລວມ</div></th><td>237,955 ຕາລາງກິໂລແມັດ (91,875 ຕາລາງໄມລ໌) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0_%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດ ແລະ ເຂດການປົກຄອງຮຽງຕາມຂະໜາດພື້ນທີ່ທັງໝົດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອັນດັບທີ 82</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0_%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2" title="ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດ ແລະ ເຂດການປົກຄອງຮຽງຕາມອັດຕາສ່ວນຂອງພື້ນທີ່ແຫຼ່ງນ້ໍາ">ແຫຼ່ງນ້ຳ (%)</a></div></th><td>2</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;">ປະຊາກອນ</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 2019 ປະມານ</div></th><td>7,123,205 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດຮຽງຕາມຈຳນວນປະຊາກອນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອັນດັບທີ 105</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ສຳມະໂນປະຊາກອນ 2015</div></th><td>6,492,228<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BB%9C%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ຄວາມໜາແໜ້ນຂອງປະຊາກອນ">ຄວາມໜາແໜ້ນ</a></div></th><td>26.7 ຕໍ່ຕາລາງກິໂລແມັດ (69.2 ຕໍ່ຕາລາງໄມລ໌) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%9C%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BB%9C%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດຮຽງຕາມຄວາມໜ້າແໜ້ນຂອງປະຊາກອນ">ອັນດັບທີ 151</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ລວມຍອດຜະລິດຕະພັນພາຍໃນປະເທດ">GDP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%89" title="ຄວາມເທົ່າທຽມກັນຂອງອຳນາດຊື້">ອຳນາດຊື້</a>)</span></th><td>2023 (ປະມານ)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ລວມ</div></th><td><span title="Increase"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> 74.309 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_database_2022_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF_database_2022-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94_(%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດຮຽງຕາມຍອດຜະລິດຕະພັນພາຍໃນປະເທດ (ລາຄາຕະຫຼາດ) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອັນດັບທີ 106</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຕໍ່ຫົວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຕໍ່ຫົວ</a></div></th><td><span title="Increase"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> 9,800 ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_database_2023_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF_database_2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7_(%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%89)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດຮຽງຕາມຍອດຜະລິດຕະພັນລວມພາຍໃນປະເທດຕໍ່ຫົວ (ອຳນາດຊື້) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອັນດັບທີ 125</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ລວມຍອດຜະລິດຕະພັນພາຍໃນປະເທດ">GDP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(ລາຄາຕະຫຼາດ)</span></th><td>2023 (ປະມານ)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• ລວມ</div></th><td><span title="Decrease"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> 17.347 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_database_2023_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF_database_2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7_(%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດຮຽງຕາມຍອດຜະລິດຕະພັນລວມພາຍໃນປະເທດຕໍ່ຫົວ (ລາຄາຕະຫຼາດ) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອັນດັບທີ 145</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຕໍ່ຫົວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຕໍ່ຫົວ</a></div></th><td><span title="Decrease"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> 2,319 ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_database_2023_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF_database_2023-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7_(%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດຮຽງຕາມຍອດຜະລິດຕະພັນລວມພາຍໃນປະເທດຕໍ່ຫົວ (ລາຄາຕະຫຼາດ) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອັນດັບທີ 152</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສໍາປະສິດຈີນີ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຈີນີ</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2012)</span></th><td>36.4<sup id="cite_ref-wb-gini_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:orange;">ປານກາງ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94" title="ດັດຊະນີການພັດທະນາມະນຸດ">HDI</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span></th><td><span title="Decrease"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> 0.607<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:orange;">ປານກາງ</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94" title="ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດຮຽງຕາມດັດຊະນີການພັດທະນາມະນຸດ">ອັນດັບທີ 140</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ສະກຸນເງິນ</th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="ເງີນກີບລາວ">ກີບ</a> (₭) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">LAK</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2" title="ເຂດເວລາ">ເຂດເວລາ</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເວລາສາກົນເຊີງພິກັດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">UTC</a>+7</span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເວລາໃນປະເທດລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເວລາໃນປະເທດລາວ</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ວັນທີປະຕິທິນ">ຮູບແບບວັນທີ</a></th><td>ວວ/ດດ/ປປປປ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0_%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7" title="ລະບົບຈາລະຈອນຊ້າຍມື ແລະ ຂວາມື">ຂັບລົດດ້ານ</a></th><td>ຂວາ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94" title="ລະຫັດໂທລະສັບລະຫວ່າງປະເທດ">ລະຫັດໂທລະສັບ</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%2B856&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="+856 (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">+856</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ລະຫັດ ISO 3166</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:LA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:LA (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">LA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94" title="ໂດເມນລະດັບເທິງສຸດຕາມລະຫັດປະເທດ">ລະຫັດອິນເຕີເນັດ</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/.la" title=".la">.la</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ລາວ</b> ຫຼື ຊື່ຢ່າງເປັນທາງການຄື <b>ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ</b> (ຫຍໍ້ວ່າ: ສ.ປ.ປ.ລາວ)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ແມ່ນປະເທດໜຶ່ງທີ່ຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້ ມີເນື້ອທີ່ທັງໝົດ 236,800 ຕາລາງກິໂລແມັດ ເຊິ່ງເປັນປະເທດດຽວໃນອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້ທີ່ບໍ່ມີຊາຍແດນອອກສູ່ທະເລ<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ໂດຍທາງພາກເໜືອມີຊາຍແດນຕິດກັບ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຈີນ">ປະເທດຈີນ</a> ທິດໃຕ້ຕິດກັບ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ">ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ</a> ທິດຕາເວັນອອກຕິດກັບ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ">ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ</a> ທິດຕາເວັນຕົກຕິດກັບ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97" title="ປະເທດໄທ">ປະເທດໄທ</a> ແລະ ທິດຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງເໜືອຕິດກັບ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2" title="ປະເທດມຽນມາ">ປະເທດມຽນມາ</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ຫຼັງຈາກຊ່ວງເວລາແຫ່ງຄວາມຂັດແຍ້ງພາຍໃນ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງ">ອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງ</a> ດິນແດນລາວຈຶ່ງໄດ້ແຕກແຍກອອກແມ່ນສາມສ່ວນຄື <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ຫຼວງພະບາງ">ຫຼວງພະບາງ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ວຽງຈັນ">ວຽງຈັນ</a> ແລະ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຈຳປາສັກ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຈຳປາສັກ</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ກ່ອນຈະຕົກແມ່ນເມືອງໃນແອກປົກຄອງຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ອານາຈັກຣັດຕະນະໂກສິນ">ສະຫຍາມ</a>ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1778 ຍາວນານນັບສະຕະວັດຈົນເມື່ອ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87-%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1_(1893)" title="ສົງຄາມຝຣັ່ງ-ສະຫຍາມ (1893)">ວິກິດການຝຣັ່ງ-ສະຫຍາມ</a>ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1893 ເຮັດໃຫ້ດິນແດນລາວທັ້ງໝົດຢູ່ພາຍໃຕ້ອານານິຄົມຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ">ຝຣັ່ງ</a>ແລະຮວມຕົວກັນເປັນປະເທດໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1949<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ຫຼັງຈາກການຍຶດຄອງຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ">ຍີ່ປຸ່ນ</a> ກໍຖືກຝຣັ່ງຍຶດຄອງອີກຫົນຈົນກະທັ່ງໄດ້ຮັບ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ເອກະລາດ">ເອກະລາດ</a>ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ພາຍຫຼັງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ສົງຄາມຫວຽດນາມ">ສົງຄາມຫວຽດນາມ</a>ຈົບລົງໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1975 ຂະບວນການນັກສຶກສາ 21 ອົງກອນຈຶ່ງຫັນໄປຮ່ວມມືກັບ "<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ກຸ່ມປະເທດລາວ">ກຸ່ມປະເທດລາວ</a>" ຂະບວນການປະຕິວັດກອມມູນິດທີ່ໄດ້ຄອງອຳນາດຢ່າງເດັດຂາດແລະສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງໄດ້ສິ້ນສຸດລົງ ປະກອບກັບກະແສຮຽກຮ້ອງຂອງປະຊາຊົນແລະນັກສຶກສາໄດ້ມີການລົງມະຕິລົ້ມລ້າງກະສັດຢ່າງສົມບູນ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2" title="ພຣະບາດສົມເດັດພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິດສີສວ່າງວັທະນາ">ພຣະບາດສົມເດັດພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິດສີສວ່າງວັທະນາ</a>ຖືກເຊີນເຂົ້າຄ່າຍກັກກັນໃນວຽງໄຊແລະເສຍຊີວິດຢ່າງລຶກລັບ ມີການປ່ຽນແປງການປົກຄອງມາເປັນລະບອບສັງຄົມນິຍົມກອມມູນິດແລະສ້າງຕັ້ງປະເທດເປັນ "ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ" ຊຶ່ງໃນຊ່ວງແຮກ ລາວຕ້ອງພຶ່ງພາຄວາມຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອທາງເສດຖະກິດຈາກສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດຈົນກະທັ່ງລົ່ມສະຫຼາຍໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ປະເທດລາວມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມໃນ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%82%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%84%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81" title="ຂໍ້ຕົກລົງການຄ້າອາຊີປາຊີຟິກ">ຂໍ້ຕົກລົງການຄ້າອາຊີປາຊີຟິກ</a>, ການປະຊຸມສຸດຍອດ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ອາຊຽນ">ອາຊຽນ</a>, ການປະຊຸມ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81" title="ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກ">ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກ</a> ແລະ ໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮ່ວມແມ່ນສະມາຊິກ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%84%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%81" title="ອົງການການຄ້າໂລກ">ອົງການການຄ້າໂລກ</a>ຕັ້ງແຕ່ ຄ.ສ. 1997 ກ່ອນຈະໄດ້ຮັບການຕອບຮັບໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 2013. ໂດຍລາວເປັນປະເທດທີ່ສາມາດຜະລິດໄຟຟ້າໄດ້ດ້ວຍຕົນເອງ<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ຊຶ່ງການສ້າງເຂື່ອນເພື່ອຜະລິດພະລັງງານໄຟຟ້າຈາກພະລັງງານນ້ຳແລະສົ່ງຂາຍໄປຍັງປະເທດເພື່ອນບ້ານຢ່າງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97" title="ປະເທດໄທ">ໄທ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຈີນ">ຈີນ</a> ແລະ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ">ຫວຽດນາມ</a>. ໃນດ້ານເທັກໂນໂລຢີ ລາວໄດ້ເປີດໃຫ້ບໍລິການ 4G ແມ່ນປະເທດທີສອງຂອງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້ຕໍ່ຈາກ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9B" title="ປະເທດສິງກະໂປ">ສິງກະໂປ</a> ມາຕັ້ງແຕ່ ຄ.ສ. 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ເສັ້ນ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99-%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ທາງລົດໄຟວຽງຈັນ-ບໍ່ເຕັນ">ທາງລົດໄຟວຽງຈັນ-ບໍ່ເຕັນ</a> ໄດ້ເປີດໃຫ້ບໍລິການໃນປີ 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ທີ່ມາຂອງຄຳວ່າ_"ລາວ""><span id=".E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B5.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.82.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.B3.E0.BA.A7.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.B2_.22.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.A7.22"></span>ທີ່ມາຂອງຄຳວ່າ "ລາວ"</h2></div> <p>ຄຳວ່າ "ລາວ" ທີ່ໝາຍເຖິງປະເທດລາວນັ້ນ ແມ່ນມີມູນເຫດດັ່ງນີ້:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEມະຫາ_ສີລາ_ວີຣະວົງສ໌7–9_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEມະຫາ_ສີລາ_ວີຣະວົງສ໌7–9-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>ຄຳວ່າລາວ ກຳເນີດເກີດຂຶ້ນມາພ້ອມໆກັບການກຳເນີດຂຶ້ນຂອງສັງຄົມລາວ ຫຼື ກຳເນີດເກີດຂຶ້ນພ້ອມໆກັບການກຳເນີດຄົນລາວ.</li> <li>ຄຳວ່າລາວ ອາດມາຈາກພາສາປາລີ ລາວ ເຊິ່ງໝາຍເຖິງໝາກນ້ຳເຕົ້າ.</li> <li>ຄຳວ່າລາວ ອາດມາຈາກການເອີ້ນຊົນເຜົ່າລາວ ເຊິ່ງເປັນຊົນເຜົ່າດັ່ງເດີມ ດຳລົງຊີວິດຢູ່ກ່ອນມີປະເທດລາວ</li> <li>ຄົນລາວ ກຳເນີດຈາກຊົນເຜົ່າໝຶ່ງຢູ່ແຂວງຢູນນ່ານ ເຊິ່ງມີນາມເດີມວ່າ ເກົ້າຫຼວງ (ມາຈາກຄຳວ່າ ເກົ້າຫຼົງ ເປັນມັງກອນ ຫຼື ນາກ ເກົ້າອົງ ຫຼື ຊາຍທັງເກົ້າ). ຕໍ່ມາໄດ້ຍ້າຍມາເລື້ອຍລົງມາທາງພາກໃຕ້ເລື້ອຍໆ ແລະ ຖືກເອີ້ນສັ່ນໆວ່າ ຫຼວງ ແລະ ສຸດທ້າຍກໍກາຍມາເປັນ ລາວ</li> <li>ແຕ່ກ່ອນ ຄົນທ້ອງຖິ່ນຈະຢູ່ຕາມລຳນ້ຳ, ສ່ວນຄົນລາວຍ້າຍແຕ່ພາກເໜືອມາຢູ່ ຈະອາໄສຢູ່ຕາມບ່ອນສູງກ່ວາ, ຄົນທ້ອງຖິ່ນເອີ້ນຄົນລາວທີ່ມາຢູ່ນີ້ ແມ່ນຄົນດາວ, ເພາະເວລາເບິ່ງຈາກລຸ່ມຂຶ້ນເທິງ ຈະຕິດພັນກັບດວງດາວຢູ່ທ້ອງຟ້າ</li> <li>ຄົນຈີນບາງພວກບາງໝູ່ໃນເຂດຢູນນານຂອງຈີນມັກອອກສຽງຕົວ "ດ"ເປັນຕົວ"ລ"ແລະອອກສຽງຕົວ "ລ"ເປັນຕົວ "ດ"ດ້ວຍເຫດນີ້ຈຶ່ງເອີ້ນພວກທີ່ຢູ່ທີ່ສູງອັນມີທ້ອງຟ້າດາວວະດິງສາພ້ຽນຈາກດາວກາຍເປັນລາວອັນພາໃຫ້ມີຄຳວ່າລາວ</li></ol> <p>ສ່ວນໃນພາສາອັງກິດ ຄຳວ່າລາວ ທີ່ໝາຍເຖິງປະເທດລາວ ສະກົດວ່າ "Laos" ແລະ ລາວທີ່ໝາຍເຖິງຄົນລາວ ໃຊ້ "Lao" ແລະ ບາງເທື່ອຈະມີການໃຊ້ຄຳວ່າ "Laotian" ເພື່ອໃຊ້ກ່າວເຖິງຊາວລາວທ້ອງຖິ່ນທີ່ອາໄສຢູ່ໃນລາວ.<sup id="cite_ref-tripsavvy_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tripsavvy-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fodors_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fodors-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ປະຫວັດສາດ"><span id=".E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.AB.E0.BA.A7.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.94.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.94"></span>ປະຫວັດສາດ</h2></div> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">ເບິ່ງບົດຄວາມຫຼັກທີ່: <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ປະຫວັດສາດລາວ">ປະຫວັດສາດລາວ</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ຍຸກປະຖົມບູຮານ"><span id=".E0.BA.8D.E0.BA.B8.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.96.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.9A.E0.BA.B9.E0.BA.AE.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99"></span>ຍຸກປະຖົມບູຮານ</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Pha_That_Luang,_Vientiane,_Laos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pha_That_Luang%2C_Vientiane%2C_Laos.jpg/220px-Pha_That_Luang%2C_Vientiane%2C_Laos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pha_That_Luang%2C_Vientiane%2C_Laos.jpg/330px-Pha_That_Luang%2C_Vientiane%2C_Laos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pha_That_Luang%2C_Vientiane%2C_Laos.jpg/440px-Pha_That_Luang%2C_Vientiane%2C_Laos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87" title="ທາດຫຼວງ">ພຣະທາດຫຼວງ</a>ແຫ່ງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ">ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ</a> ອັນເປັນສັນຍະລັກຂອງຊາດລາວ.</figcaption></figure> <p>ໄດ້ມີການຂຸດຄົ້ນພົບກະໂຫຼກຫົວມະນຸດບູຮານໃນປີ2009ທີ່<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%96%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຖໍ້າຜາລິງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຖໍ້າຜາລິງ</a>ໃນ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສາຍພູຫຼວງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສາຍພູຫຼວງ</a>ທາງພາກເໜືອຂອງລາວ ໂດຍກະໂຫຼກຫົວດັ່ງກ່າວມີອາຍຸປະມານ 46ພັນປິ ຈຶ່ງກາຍເປັນຊາກດຶກດຳບັນມະນຸດສະໄໜໃໝ່ທີ່ເກົ່າແກ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນພູມິພາກອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ຢູ່ພາກເໜືອມີການຄົ້ນພົບບູຮານວັດຖຸທີ່ເປັນຫີນເຊິ່ງສັນນິຖານວ່າຢູ່ໃນສະໄໜດຽວກັນກັບຊ່ວງປາຍ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%84%E0%BB%9C%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສະໄໜໄພລສະໂຕຊີນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສະໄໜໄພລສະໂຕຊີນ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ຫຼັກຖານທາງບູຮານຄະດີໄດ້ຊີ້ໃຫ້ເຫັນເຖິງສະພາບສັງຄົມກະສິກຳທີ່ເລີ່ມພັດທະນາຂຶ້ນໃນຊ່ວງສະຫະສະວັດທີIV ກ່ອນຄຣິສຕະການ.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ຫຼຸມສົບ ແລະ ສຸສານປ່າຊ້າຕ່າງໆບົ່ງບອກໄດ້ເຖິງສະພາບສັງຄົມທີ່ມີຄວາມຊັບຊ້ອຍຂຶ້ນ ມີການຄົ້ນພົບເຄື່ອງທອງແດງໃນຊ່ວງ1500ປີກ່ອນຄຣິສຕະການ ແລະ ເຄື່ອງມືເຫຼັກໃນຊ່ວງ700ປີກ່ອນຄຣິສຕະການ. ໃນສະໄໜປະຖົມບູຮານຂອງປະຫວັດສາດລາວໄດ້ມີການຕິດຕໍ່ກັບອາລິຍະທຳອື່ນໆນຳເຊັ່ນ: ອາລິຍະທຳຈີນ ແລະ ອິນເດຍເປັນຕົ້ນ. ອີງຕາມຫຼັກຖານທາງພາສາສາດ ແລະ ປະຫວັດສາດອື່ນໆ, ໄດ້ບົ່ງຊີ້ໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າ ກຸ່ມຊົນເຜົ່າທີ່ເວົ້າພາສາ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95" title="ກຸ່ມພາສາໄຕ">ກຸ່ມພາສາໄຕ</a>ໄດ້ເຄີຍມີການອົບພະຍົບຈາກ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ກວາງຊີ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກວາງຊີ</a>ມາຍັງດິນແດນທາງຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງໃຕ້ ຫຼືກໍຄືດິນແດນໃນຍຸກສະໄໜໃໝ່ຂອງລາວ ແລະ ໄທໃນຊ່ວງລະຫວ່າງຄຣິສຕະສະຕະວັດທີVIII ແລະ X ນັ້ນເອງ.<sup id="cite_ref-PittayawatPittayaporn_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PittayawatPittayaporn-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ຍຸກອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງ"><span id=".E0.BA.8D.E0.BA.B8.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.88.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.A5.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.8A.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.87"></span>ຍຸກອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງ</h3></div> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">ເບິ່ງບົດຄວາມຫຼັກທີ່: <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງ">ອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງ</a></div> <p>ປະເທດລາວເຮົານີ້ມີປະຫວັດສາດຄວາມເປັນມາທີ່ຍາວນານມາແຕ່ສະຕະວັດທີXIV ຫຼືກໍຄືສະໄໜຂອງອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງ ເຊິ່ງສະຖາປະນາຂຶ້ນໂດຍ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9F%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຈົ້າຟ້າງຸ່ມ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເຈົ້າຟ້າງຸ່ມ</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Coedes_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coedes-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:223</sup> ເຊິ່ງຜູ້ເປັນບິດາໄດ້ເນລະເທດເພິ່ນມາຢູ່ທີ່<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1" title="ອານາຈັກຂະແມ">ອານາຈັກຂະແມ</a>ພ້ອມດ້ວຍຄອບຄົວ. ໂດຍໄລຍະເວລາຕໍ່ມາ ເຈົ້າຟ້າງຸ່ມພ້ອມດ້ວຍທະຫານຂະແມໜຶ່ງໝື່ນນາຍ ໄດ້ເຂົ້າຍຶດທ້ອນໂຮມເອົາດິນແດນລາວຕາມແຄມ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87" title="ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ">ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ</a>ຈົນໃນທ້າຍທີ່ສຸດກໍສາມາດຍຶດຄອງເອົາ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ">ເມືອງວຽງຈັນ</a>ໄດ້ສຳເລັດ ນອກນີ້ພຣະເຈົ້າຟ້້າງຸ່ມແມ່ນໄດ້ສືບສາຍມາຈາກກະສັດລາວບູຮານທີ່ສືບເຊື້ອສາຍກັນມາແຕ່ດົນນານຈາກຂຸນບູຣົມ.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ພຣະອົງຍັງໄດ້ກະທຳການນຳເອົາພຸດທະສາສະໜາ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ນິກາຍເຖຣະວາດ">ເຖຣະວາດ</a>ເຂົ້າມາເຜີຍແຜ່ຈົນກາຍເປັນສາສະໜາປະຈຳອານາຈັກ. ແຕ່ໃນເວລາຕໍ່ມາໃນປີ1373 ບັນດາເສນາອາມາດໃຫຍ່ກໍບໍ່ອາດສາມາດທົນຕໍ່ການປະພຶດຕົນທີ່ໂຫດຮ້າຍຂອງພຣະອົງໄດ້ ຈຶ່ງໄດ້ມີການຂັບໄລ່ພຣະອົງອອກຈາກວຽງຈັນ ແລະ ສະເດັດລີ້ໄພໄປຢູ່ທີ່ບໍລິເວນ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ຈັງຫວັດນ່ານ">ຈັງຫວັດນ່ານ</a>ຂອງປະເທດໄທໃນປັດຈຸບັນ,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ເຊິ່ງເມື່ອພຣະອົງສະເດັດສະຫວັນນະຄົດ, ພຣະຣາຊບຸດຮອງອົງໃຫຍ່ຂອງພຣະອົງນາມວ່າ ທ້າວອຸ່ນເຮືອນ ໄດ້ສະເດັດຂຶ້ນຄອງຣາຊພາຍໃຕ້ນາມ"<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ພຣະເຈົ້າສາມແສນໄທ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ພຣະເຈົ້າສາມແສນໄທ</a>" ແລະ ໄດ້ຄອງຣາຊຍາວນານເຖິງ 43ປີ. ນັບແຕ່ນັ້ນ, ອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງໄດ້ກາຍເປັນສູນກາງທາງການຄ້າທີ່ສຳຄັນໃນຣັຊສມັຍຂອງພຣະເຈົ້າສາມແສນໄທ ແຕ່ພາຍຫຼັງການສະຫວັນນະຄົດຂອງພຣະອົງໃນປີ1421, ເມືອງລ້ານຊ້າງກໍເລີ່ມເສື່ອມໂຊມລົງ ແລະ ເກີດຄວາມວຸ່ນວາຍທີ່ຈະຍືດຍາວໄປເປັນສະຕະວັດ.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ໃນປີ1520 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ພະເຈົ້າໂພທິສະລາດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ພຣະຍາໂພທິສະຣາຊ</a> ຂຶ້ນຄອງຣາຊ ແລະ ຊົງຍ້າຍຣາຊທານີຈາກເມືອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ເມືອງຫຼວງພະບາງ">ຊຽງທອງ</a>ມາທີ່ເມືອງວຽງຈັນເພື່ອຫຼີກລ່ຽງການຮຸກຮານຂອງພະມ້າ. ຕໍ່ມາແມ່ນ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຈົ້າໄຊເສດຖາທິລາດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສົມເດັຈພຣະໄຊຍະເສດຖາທິຣາຊ</a> ຂຶ້ນຄອງຣາຊໃນປີ1548 ພາຍຫຼັງການສະຫວັນນະຄົດຂອງພຣະຣາຊບິດາຂອງພຣະອົງ, ໂດຍພຣະອົງໂປຣດເກົ້າໃຫ້ສ້າງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87" title="ທາດຫຼວງ">ພຣະທາດຫຼວງ</a> ເຊິ່ງຕໍ່ມາໄດ້ກາຍເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນສັນຍະລັກຂອງຊາດລາວ. ພຣະໄຊຍະເສດຖາທິຣາຊສະເດັດສະຫວັນນະຄົດລະຫວ່າງທີ່ພຣະອົງຊົງເດີນທັບໄປຜາບກະບົດທີ່<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ">ກຳປູເຈຍ</a> ເຮັດໃຫ້ອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງເກີດຄວາມບໍ່ໝັ້ນຄົງຍາວນານກວ່າເຈັດສິບປີ ເຊິ່ງຂ້ອງກ່ຽວກັບການຮຸກຮານຂອງພະມ້າ ແລະ ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງ.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ຕໍ່ມາໃນປີ1637 ເມື່ອ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຈົ້າສຸລິຍະວົງສາທຳມິກະລາດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ພຣະເຈົ້າສຸຣິຍະວົງສາທັມມິກະຣາຊ</a>ຂຶ້ນຄອງຣາຊ, ອານາຈັກລ້ານຊ້າງໄດ້ຂະຫຍາຍອານາເຂດ ແລະ ອິດທິພົນຂອງຕົນຢ່າງກວ້າງຂວາງ ເຮັດໃຫ້ຣັຊສມັຍຂອງພຣະອົງຈຶ່ງຖືກຖືວ່າ ເປັນຍຸກທີ່ຮຸ່ງເຮືອງເຫຼືອງເຫຼື້ອມທີ່ສຸດຂອງປະເທດລາວ. ແຕ່ເມື່ອພຣະອົງສະເດັດສະຫວັນນະຄົດໂດຍໄຮ້ເຊິ່ງຣັຊທາຍາດສືບຣາຊສົມບັດ ໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ລ້ານຊ້າງແຕກອອກເປັນສາມອານາຈັກນັບແຕ່ປີ1763ຫາ1769, ຈົນກອງທັບຂອງພະມ້າໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮຸກຮານທາງພາກເໜືອຂອງລາວ ແລະ ເຂົ້າຍຶດ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ເມືອງຫຼວງພະບາງ">ຫຼວງພຣະບາງ</a>ໄດ້ສຳເລັດ ໃນຂະນະທີ່<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81" title="ອານາຈັກຈຳປາສັກ">ອານາຈັກຈຳປາສັກ</a>ຕົກເປັນ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ການມີອຳນາດເໜືອປະເທດອື່ນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ປະເທສຣາຊ</a>ພາຍໃຕ້ການປົກຄອງຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97" title="ປະເທດໄທ">ສຍາມ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ໄລຍະຕໍ່ມາ ເຈົ້າອານຸວົງສ໌ໄດ້ຮັບການໂປຣດເກົ້າໃຫ້ເປັນພຣະມະຫາກະສັດແຫ່ງວຽງຈັນໂດຍສຍາມ. ພຣະອົງຊົງສະໜັບສະໜູນການຟື້ນຟູສິລະປະກຳ ແລະ ວັນນະຄະດີລາວ ແລະ ໄດ້ຟື້ນຟູຄວາມສຳພັນອັນດີກັບຫຼວງພຣະບາງ. ແຕ່ຕໍ່ມາຍ້ອນແຮງກົດດັນຈາກຫວຽດນາມ ແລະ ຄວາມຄຽດແຄ້ນຂອງປະຊາຊົນລາວໃນຕອນນັ້ນ ຈຶ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ພຣະອົງກະທຳ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ກະບົດເຈົ້າອານຸວົງສ໌ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ການກະບົດຂຶ້ນຕໍ່ຕ້ານສຍາມໃນປີ1826</a> ເພື່ອຍາດເອົາເອກະລາດ, ແຕ່ຢ່າງໃດກໍຕາມ ການກະບົດຄັ້ງນີ້ບໍ່ປະສົບຄວາມສຳເລັດ ແລະ ວຽງຈັນກໍຖືກທຳລາຍຢ່າງໝັກໝ່ວງ ສິ້ນສະພາບຄວາມເປັນເມືອງ ແລະ ຖືກປະຮ້າງນັບແຕ່ນັ້ນມາ.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ສ່ວນເຈົ້າອານຸວົງສ໌ກໍຖືກຈັບຕົວໄປທີ່ກຣຸງເທພໃນຖານະນັກໂທດ ແລະ ຈັບຄັງຈົນໃນທ້າຍທີ່ສຸດກໍສິ້ນພຣະຊົນນະທີ່ບ່ອນນັ້ນ.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ຕໍ່ມາອີກໃນປີ1876 ສຍາມໄດ້ມີການທັບທາງທະຫານໃນດິນແດນລາວ ເຊິ່ງຖືກອະທິບາຍໂດຍນັກສັງເກດການຊາວອັງກິດທີ່ອາໄສຢູ່ຫັ້ນວ່າ "ເປັນການກວາດຕ້ອນຂ້າທາດຂຂະໜານໃຫຍ່".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ຍຸກຕົກເປັນຫົວເມືອງຂຶ້ນຝຣັ່ງເສດ_(ຄ.ສ.1893–1953)"><span id=".E0.BA.8D.E0.BA.B8.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.95.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.81.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.AB.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.A7.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B7.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.82.E0.BA.B6.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.9D.E0.BA.A3.E0.BA.B1.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.87.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.94_.28.E0.BA.84..E0.BA.AA.1893.E2.80.931953.29"></span>ຍຸກຕົກເປັນຫົວເມືອງຂຶ້ນຝຣັ່ງເສດ (ຄ.ສ.1893–1953)</h3></div> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">ເບິ່ງບົດຄວາມຫຼັກທີ່: <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ລາວໃນອາລັກຂາຂອງຝຣັ່ງ">ລາວໃນອາລັກຂາຂອງຝຣັ່ງ</a> ແລະ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B6%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສົງຄາມອິນດູຈີນຄັ້ງທີໜຶ່ງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສົງຄາມອິນດູຈີນຄັ້ງທີໜຶ່ງ</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Local_Lao_in_the_French_Colonial_guard.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Local_Lao_in_the_French_Colonial_guard.png/250px-Local_Lao_in_the_French_Colonial_guard.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Local_Lao_in_the_French_Colonial_guard.png/330px-Local_Lao_in_the_French_Colonial_guard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Local_Lao_in_the_French_Colonial_guard.png/500px-Local_Lao_in_the_French_Colonial_guard.png 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>ຫະຫານທ້ອງຖິ່ນລາວໃນຄ່າຍຂອງພວກລ່າເມືອງຂຶ້ນຝຣັ່ງ, <abbr title="ປະມານ">ປ.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">  1900</span></figcaption></figure> <p>ໃນສະຕະວັດທີXIX ຫຼວງພຣະບາງຖືກບຸກປຸ້ນສະດົມໂດຍກອງທັບທຸງດຳຈີນ.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ເຊິ່ງຝຣັ່ງເສດໄດ້ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຈົ້າອຸ້ນຄຳ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເຈົ້າອຸ້ນຄຳ</a>ເອົາໄວ້ ແລະ ທຳການໂຮມເອົາອານາຈັກຫຼວງພຣະບາງເຂົ້າເປັນສ່ວນໜຶ່ງໃນອາລັກຂາຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ອິນດູຈີນຝຣັ່ງ">ອິນດູຈີນຝຣັ່ງ</a>. ຕໍ່ມາກໍໄດ້ໂຮມເອົາ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81" title="ອານາຈັກຈຳປາສັກ">ອານາຈັກຈຳປາສັກ</a> ແລະ ດິນແດນຂອງອານາຈັກວຽງຈັນເຂົ້ານຳ ໂດຍມີ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຈົ້າສີສະຫວ່າງວົງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເຈົ້າສີສວ່າງວົງສ໌</a>ແຫ່ງອານາຈັກຫຼວງພຣະບາງເປັນຜູ້ປົກຄອງລາວທັງໝົດ ແລະ ໄດ້ມີການຍ້າຍຣາຊທານີມາຍັງເມືອງວຽງຈັນ ຈຶ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ວຽງຈັນໄດ້ກາຍເປັນເມືອງຫຼວງຂອງລາວອີກຄັ້ງ.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ລາວສາມາດຜະລິດ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ກົ່ວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກົ່ວ</a>, ຢາງພາລາ ແລະ ກາເຟໄດ້ ແຕ່ບໍ່ເຄີຍໄດ້ຮັບສ່ວນແບ່ງກາຍ1%ຈັກເທື່ອຈາກການສົ່ງອອກຂອງອິນດູຈີນຝຣັ່ງ. ໃນຊຸມປີ1940 ມີຊາວຝຣັ່ງອາໄສຢູ່ໃນລາວປະມານຫົກຮ້ອຍຄົນ.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ພາຍໃຕ້ການນຳພາຂອງຝຣັ່ງ ພວກເຂົາໄດ້ພາຊາວຫວຽດນາມມາຢູ່ລາວຈຳນວນໜຶ່ງ ເພື່ອແກ້ໄຂບັນຫາກຂາດແຄນແຮງງານພາຍໃນອິນດູຈີນຝຣັ່ງ.<sup id="cite_ref-SørenIvarsson_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SørenIvarsson-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ໃນປີ1943 ປະຊາກອນຫວຽດໃນລາວເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຫຼາຍເຖິງສີ່ໝື່ນກວ່າຄົນ ຈິ່ງໄດ້ກາຍເປັນປະຊາກອນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ໃນບາງຕົວເມືອງໃຫຍ່ຂອງລາວ ແລະ ຍັງໄດ້ຮັບສິດໃນການເລືອກຕັ້ງເອົາຜູ່ນຳຂອງຕົນເອງອີກດ້ວຍ.<sup id="cite_ref-MartinStuart-FoxA_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MartinStuart-FoxA-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ໂດຍມີສັດສ່ວນຂອງຊາວຫວຽດນາມທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສໃນລາວ 53%ຂອງປະຊາກອນທັງໝົດຂອງວຽງຈັນ, 85%ຂອງປະຊາກອນທັງໝົດຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%81" title="ທ່າແຂກ">ທ່າແຂກ</a> ແລະ 62%ຂອງປະຊາກອນທັງໝົດຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A" title="ເມືອງປາກເຊ">ປາກເຊ</a>. ມີພຽງຕົວ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ເມືອງຫຼວງພະບາງ">ເມືອງຫຼວງພຣະບາງ</a>ເທົ່ານັ້ນທີ່ຄົນລາວຍັງຄົງມີສັດສ່ວນປະຊາກອນຫຼາຍກວ່າໝູ່.<sup id="cite_ref-MartinStuart-FoxA_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MartinStuart-FoxA-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ຈົນກະທັ່ງປີ1945 ຝຣັ່ງເສດໄດ້ວາງແຜນຍ້າຍຊາວຫວຽດນາມໄປຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານໃນສາມພື້ນທີ່ອັນໄດ້ແກ່: ທົ່ງພຽງວຽງຈັນ, ພູມພາກ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%94" title="ແຂວງສະຫວັນນະເຂດ">ສະຫວັນນະເຂດ</a> ແລະ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ພູພຽງບໍລະເວນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ພູພຽງບໍລະເວນ</a> ແຕ່ແຜນດັ່ງກ່າວກໍຕ້ອງຍົກເລີກໄປຍ້ອນການຮຸກຮານຂອງຟາຊິດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ.<sup id="cite_ref-MartinStuart-FoxA_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MartinStuart-FoxA-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ບໍ່ຊັ້ນຄົນລາວຄົງຈະສິ້ນເສຍອຳນາດໃນການປົກຄອງຕົວເອງໄປແລ້ວ ອີງຕາມທີ່<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%8C%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99_%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%8C%E0%BA%95-%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ມາຣ໌ຕິນ ສະຈວຣ໌ຕ-ຟອກຊ໌ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ມາຣ໌ຕິນ ສະຈວຣ໌ຕ-ຟອກຊ໌</a>ໄດ້ກ່າວໄວ້.<sup id="cite_ref-MartinStuart-FoxA_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MartinStuart-FoxA-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ລາວໃນຊ່ວງສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງນັ້ນ, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວິຊີຝຣັ່ງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ວິຊີຝຣັ່ງ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97" title="ປະເທດໄທ">ປະເທດໄທ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99" title="ຈັກກະວັດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ">ຈັກກະພັດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ</a> ແລະ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຝຣັ່ງເສລີ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຝຣັ່ງເສດເສລີ</a>ໄດ້ຍາດແຍ່ງກັນຍຶດເອົາດິນແດນລາວ.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ໃນວັນທີ9 ມີນາປີ1945 ປະຊາຊົນລາວຈຳນວນໜຶ່ງລຸກຮືຂຶ້ນປະກາດເອກະລາດເພື່ອໃຫ້ລາວໄດ້ມີເອກະລາດອີກຄັ້ງ ໂດຍຍຶດເອົາເມືອງຫຼວງພຣະບາງເປັນເມືອງຫຼວງ. ແຕ່ຕໍ່ມາກອງທັບຍີ່ປຸ່ນສອງກອງພັນໄດ້ເຂົ້າຍຶດເອົາໄດ້ໃນວັນທີ7 ເມສາ.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Country_Study:_Laos_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Country_Study:_Laos-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ຍີ່ປຸ່ນພະຍາຍາມບັງຄັບໃຫ້ພຣະເຈົ້າສີສວ່າງວົງສ໌ປະກາດເອກະລາດໃຫ້ກັບລາວ ແຕ່ເມື່ອມາຮອດວັນທີ8 ເມສາ ພຣະອົງພັດປະກາດຢຸຸດຕິການເປັນປະເທດອາລັກຂາຂອງຝຣັ່ງແທນ. ຈາກນັ້ນ ພຣະອົງໄດ້ລັກສົ່ງ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຈົ້າກິດາວົງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເຈົ້າຊາຍກິດາວົງສ໌</a>ໃຫ້ໄປເປັນຜູ້ແທນລາວຕໍ່<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5_II" title="ພັນທະມິດຂອງສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ II">ຝ່າຍສຳພັນທະມິດ</a> ແລະ ສົ່ງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2" title="ພຣະບາດສົມເດັດພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິດສີສວ່າງວັທະນາ">ເຈົ້າຊາຍສີສວ່າງ</a>ໄປເປັນຜູ້ແທນຕໍ່ຝ່າຍຍີ່ປຸ່ນ.<sup id="cite_ref-A_Country_Study:_Laos_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Country_Study:_Laos-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ບາດເມື່ອຍີ່ປຸ່ມພ່າຍແພ້ ປະຊາຊົນລາວພ້ອມທັງ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຈົ້າເພັດຊະລາດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເຈົ້າຊາຍເພັຊຣາຊ</a>ໄດ້ປະກາດເອກະລາດຂຶ້ນ, ແຕ່ໃນປີ1946 ກອງທັບຝຣັ່ງໄດ້ບຸກເຂົ້າຍຶດລາວອີກຄັ້ງ ແລະ ໄດ້ມອບອຳນາດປົກຄອງຕົນເອງໃຫ້ກັບລາວຄືນ.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ໃນຊ່ວງ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B6%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສົງຄາມອິນດູຈີນຄັ້ງທີໜຶ່ງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສົງຄາມອິນດູຈີນຄັ້ງທີໜຶ່ງ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ພັກກອມມູນິດອິນດູຈີນ">ພັກກອມມູນິດອິນດູຈີນ</a>ໄດ້ຈັດຕັ້ງຂຶ້ນພ້ອມທັງສ້າງຕັ້ງກຸ່ມລາວອິສຣະຂຶ້ນ ເຊິ່ງເອີ້ນກັນວ່າ "<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ກຸ່ມປະເທດລາວ">ກຸ່ມປະເທດລາວ</a>". ກຸ່ມປະເທດລາວໄດ້ເລີ່ມຕໍ່ສູ້ຕ້ານກອງກຳລັງຝຣັ່ງ ໂດຍໄດ້ຮັບການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອຈາກກຸ່ມຂອງຫວຽດນາມ ຫຼື <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຫວຽດມິນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຫວຽດມິນ</a>. ໃນປີ1950 ຝຣັ່ງເສດຖືກບີບບັງຄັບໃຫ້ຍອມມອບສະຖານະເຄິ່ງປົກຄອງຕົນເອງໃຫ້ກັບລາວໃນຖານະປະເທດບໍລິວານພາຍໃຕ້<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສະຫະພາບຝຣັ່ງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສະຫະພາບຝຣັ່ງ</a>. ແຕ່ເຖິງວ່າຈະເປັນດັ່ງນັ້ນ ຝຣັ່ງກໍຍັງຄົງກຳອຳນາດສູງສຸດໂດຍພຶດຕິໄນຄືເກົ່າ ຈົນມາຮອດວັນທີ22 ຕຸລາປີ1953 ລາວຈຶ່ງໄດ້ຮັບເອກະລາດອັນສົມບູນຄົບຖ້ວນທົ່ວທັງປະເທດໃນຖານະປະເທດທີ່ມີ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99" title="ລະບອບລາຊາທິປະໄຕພາຍໃຕ້ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນ">ລະບອບປົກຄອງແບບປະຊາທິປະໄຕອັນມີພຣະມະຫາກະສັດເປັນປະມຸກ ແລະ ຢູ່ພາຍໃຕ້ຣັຖທັມມະນູນ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ຍຸກຫຼັງປະກາດເອກະລາດ_ແລະ_ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງ_(ຄ.ສ.1953–1975)"><span id=".E0.BA.8D.E0.BA.B8.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.AB.E0.BA.BC.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.94.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.94_.E0.BB.81.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B0_.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.87.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B7.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.87_.28.E0.BA.84..E0.BA.AA.1953.E2.80.931975.29"></span>ຍຸກຫຼັງປະກາດເອກະລາດ ແລະ ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງ (ຄ.ສ.1953–1975)</h3></div> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">ເບິ່ງບົດຄວາມຫຼັກທີ່: <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງລາວ">ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງລາວ</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:FrenchLaos1953.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/FrenchLaos1953.png/220px-FrenchLaos1953.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/FrenchLaos1953.png/330px-FrenchLaos1953.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/FrenchLaos1953.png/440px-FrenchLaos1953.png 2x" data-file-width="2517" data-file-height="2257" /></a><figcaption>ນາຍພົນ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99_%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຣາອູນ ຊາລັນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຣາອູນ ຊາລັນ</a>ແຫ່ງຝຣັ່ງເສສກັບ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2" title="ພຣະບາດສົມເດັດພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິດສີສວ່າງວັທະນາ">ເຈົ້າສີສວ່າງວັທນາ</a> ນະ ພຣະຣາຊວັງທີ່ເມືອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ເມືອງຫຼວງພະບາງ">ຫຼວງພຣະບາງ</a>, ທີ4 ພຶດສະພາປີ 1953.</figcaption></figure> <p>ສົງຄາມອິນດູຈີນຄັ້ງທີໜຶ່ງໄດ້ປະທຸຂຶ້ນທົ່ວທັງພາກພື້ນອິນດູຈີນ ໂດຍແມ່ນຝຣັ່ງເສດທີ່ໄດ້ປະຊາໄຊໄປໃນເສິກສົງຄາມ ອັນນຳໄປສູ່ການລົງນາມໃນຂໍ້ຕົກລົງສັນຕິພາບສຳລັບສາມຊາດແຫຼມອິນດູຈີນນະທີ່<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A1%E2%80%8B%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E2%80%8B_1954" title="ກອງປະຊຸມເຈນີວາ 1954">ກອງປະຊຸມເຈນີວາປີ1954</a>. ໃນປີ1960 <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ພຣະຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວ">ພຣະຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວ</a>ໄດ້ປະສົບກັບການກໍ່ກະບັດຂຶ້ນຢ່າງລຽນຕໍ່ຂອງກອງກຳລັງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ກຸ່ມປະເທດລາວ">ປະເທດລາວ</a> ເຊິ່ງໄດ້ຮັບການສະໜັບສະໜຸນຈາກ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94_%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E2%80%8B%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95_%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ຫວຽດນາມ">ຫວຽດນາມເໜືອ</a> ແລະ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94" title="ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ">ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ</a>ສູ້ຕ້ານກັບ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ກອງທັບຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກອງທັບຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວ</a>ຢ່າງບໍ່ພັກເຊົາ. ໂດຍໃນປີ1962 ໄດ້ມີຄວາມພະຍາຍາມທີ່ຈະໂຮມສອງຝ່າຍເຂົ້າກັນ ຈັດຕັ້ງລັດຖະບານປະສົມເຊິ່ງນຳພາໂດຍ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຈົ້າສຸວັນນະພູມາ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເຈົ້າສຸວັນນະພູມາ</a> ແຕ່ກໍບໍ່ປະສົບຜົນສຳເລັດ, ແລະ ຍັງເຮັດໃຫ້ສະຖານະການພິກຜັນກາຍເປັນຈຸດບົ້ງຊີ້ແຫ່ງການເລີ່ມຂຶ້ນຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງລາວ">ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງ</a>ລະຫວ່າງຝ່າຍຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວ ແລະ ປະເທດລາວ ເຊິ່ງໄດ້ຮັບການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອທາງທະຫານຈາກ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ກອງທັບປະຊາຊົນຫວຽດນາມ">ກອງທັບປະຊາຊົນຫວຽດນາມ</a> ແລະ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຫວຽດກົງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຫວຽດກົງ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Muang_Khoun_-_Laos_-_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Muang_Khoun_-_Laos_-_01.JPG/220px-Muang_Khoun_-_Laos_-_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Muang_Khoun_-_Laos_-_01.JPG/330px-Muang_Khoun_-_Laos_-_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Muang_Khoun_-_Laos_-_01.JPG/440px-Muang_Khoun_-_Laos_-_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>ຊາກເປະເພຂອງ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເມືອງຄູນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເມືອງຄູນ</a>, ອະດີດເມືອງຫຼວງຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ແຂວງຊຽງຂວາງ">ແຂວງຊຽງຂວາງ</a>. ຖືກທຳລາຍຈາກການຖິ້ມລະເບີດຂອງສະຫະລັດໃນຊຸມປີ1960.</figcaption></figure> <p>ປະເທດລາວນັ້ນຖືເປັນປະເທດໜຶ່ງທີ່ມີຄວາມກ່ຽວຂ້ອງຢ່າງຫຼາຍກັບ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ສົງຄາມຫວຽດນາມ">ສົງຄາມຫວຽດນາມ</a>ອັນຍ້ອນວ່າກອງທັບຫວຽດນາມເໜືອໄດ້<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%80%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ການຮຸກຮານລາວຂອງຫວຽດນາມເໜືອ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເຂົ້າ ແລະ ຍຶດເອົາດິນແດນ</a>ລາວບາງພາກສ່ວນມາຕັ້ງເປັນແຫຼ່ງກົບດານ ແລະ ເສັ້ນທາງລຳລຽງສະບຽງ ແລະ ກຳລັງພົນໄປສູ້ກັບ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%89" title="ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມໃຕ້">ຫວຽດນາມໃຕ້</a>. ດ້ວຍເຫດນີ້ເອງ, ສະຫະລັດຈຶ່ງໄດ້ເຂົ້າມາແຊກແຊງລາວ ເພື່ອຕອບໂຕ້ກັບພວກຫວຽດນາມເໜືອໂດຍການເຂົ້າມາຖິ້ມລະເບີດຈຳນວນຫຼາຍ ໂຈມຕີໃສ່ກອງກຳລັງຫວຽມນາມເໜືອ, ສະໜັບສະໜຸນທັງກອງທັບຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວໂດຍກົງຢ່າງຈະແຈ້ງ ແລະ ກຳລັງຕ້ານອື່ນໆໃນທ້ອງຖິ່ນຕ່າງໆຢ່າງປິດລັບ, ພ້ອມທັງສະໜັບສະໜຸນໃຫ້ກອງທັບຫວຽດນາມໃຕ້ເຂົ້າສູ້ຢູ່ໃນລາວນຳດ້ວຍ.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2" title="ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ">ສະຫະລັດ</a>ໄດ້ຖິ້ມລະເບິດທາງອາກາດໃສ່ກອງທັບຫວຽດນາມເໜືອ ແລະ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ກຸ່ມປະເທດລາວ">ປະເທດລາວ</a>ຢ່າງຫຼວງຫຼາຍ ເພື່ອປົກປ້ອງບໍ່ໃຫ້ລັດຖະບານຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວພ່າຍແພ້ຕໍ່ກຳລັງປະເທດລາວ ແລະ ຕ້ານບໍ່ໃຫ້ຫວຽດນາມເໜືອນຳໃຊ້<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AE%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ເສັ້ນທາງໂຮ່ຈີມິນ">ເສັ້ນທາງໂຮ່ຈີມິນ</a>ໄດ້.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ໃນລະຫວ່າງປີ1964-1973 ສະຫະລັດໄດ້ຖິ້ມລະເບີດໃນລາວຫຼາຍກວ່າ2ລ້ານໂຕນ ເຊິ່ງເກືອບຈະເທົ່າກັບລະເບີດທັງໝົດທີ່ສະຫະລັດໄດ້ຖິ້ມໃສ່ເອີຣົບ ແລະ ອາຊີໃນສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງຄິດເປັນປະມານ2,1ລ້ານໂຕນ, ຈຶ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ລາວກາຍເປັນປະເທດທີ່ຖືກຖິ້ມລະເບີດໃສ່ຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດໃນປະຫວັດສາດເມື່ອທຽບກັບຂະໜາດປະຊາຊົນ. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເດິນິວຢອກທາມສ໌ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເດິນິວຢອກທາມສ໌</a></i> ໄດ້ລາຍງານໄວ້ວ່າ "ເກືອບນຶ່ງໂຕນຕໍ່ນຶ່ງຄົນໃນລາວ".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ມີລະເບີດປະມານ80ລ້ານລູກທີ່ຍັງບໍ່ລະເບີດຢູ່ທົ່ວປະເທດຕັ້ງເໜືອຮອດໃຕ້ ເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດໄພອັນຕະລາຍຈາກ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວັດຖຸລະເບີດທີ່ຍັງບໍ່ທັນແຕກ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ວັດຖຸລະເບີດທີ່ຍັງບໍ່ທັນແຕກ</a>(Unexploded ordnance, ຫຍໍ້ວ່າ UXO)ເຊັ່ນ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ລະເບີດລູກວ່ານ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ລະເບີດວ່ານກະຈາຍ</a> ແລະ ກັບລະເບີດ ຫຼື ຮຽກກັນວ່າ ບອມບີ້<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>lower-alpha 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ເຊິ່ງໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ຄົນລາວໄດ້ຮັບບາດເຈັບ, ເສຍອົງຄາ ຫຼື ເສຍຊີວິດ50ຄົນຕໍ່ປີ.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ຍ້ອນຜົນກະທົບຈາກລະເບີດລູກວ່ານນີ້ເອງ, ລາວຈຶ່ງກາຍເປັນຜູ້ສະໜັບສະໜຸນໃນ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ອະນຸສັນຍາວ່າດ້ວຍລະເບີດລູກວ່ານ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອະນຸສັນຍາວ່າດ້ວຍການຫ້າມນຳໃຊ້ອາວຸດລະເບີດລູກວ່ານ</a> ແລະ ເປັນເຈົ້າພາບໃນການຈັດຕັ້ງກອງປະຊຸມລະດັບປະເທດຄັ້ງທຳອິດຂອງອະນຸສັນຍາດັ່ງກ່າວໃນເດືອນພະຈິກປີ2010.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Vientianne1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Vientianne1973.jpg/220px-Vientianne1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Vientianne1973.jpg/330px-Vientianne1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Vientianne1973.jpg/440px-Vientianne1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2260" data-file-height="1822" /></a><figcaption>ທະຫານປະເທດລາວທີ່ວຽງຈັນໃນປີ1973.</figcaption></figure> <p>ມາຮອດປີ1975, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ກຸ່ມປະເທດລາວ">ປະເທດລາວ</a>ສາມາດໂຄ່ນລົ້ມລັດຖະບານຣາຊອານາຈັກລາວໄດ້ສຳເລັດ ແລະ ບັງຄັບໃຫ້ເຈົ້າສີສວ່າງວັທນາ ສລະຣາຊບັນລັງໃນວັນທີ2 ທັນວາປີ1975 ເຊິ່ງຕໍ່ມາ ພຣະອົງກໍສະຫວັນນະຄົດໃນຄ່າຍສຳມະນາ. ໂດຍສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງຄັ້ງນີ້ໄດ້ພາກຊີວິດຄົນລາວໄປ20000-62000ກວ່າຄົນ.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_50-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ຍຸກສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕປະຊາຊົນລາວ_(ຄ.ສ.1975~)"><span id=".E0.BA.8D.E0.BA.B8.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.94.E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B4.E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B0.E0.BB.84.E0.BA.95.E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.A7_.28.E0.BA.84..E0.BA.AA.1975.7E.29"></span>ຍຸກສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕປະຊາຊົນລາວ (ຄ.ສ.1975~)</h3></div> <p>ເມື່ອວັນທີ2 ທັນວາປີ1975, ພາຍຫຼັງການຍຶດອຳນາດສຳເລັດ ລັດຖະບານປະເທດລາວພາຍໃຕ້ການນຳພາຂອງທ່ານ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99_%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ">ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ</a>ໄດ້ປ່ຽນຊື່ປະເທດເປັນ "ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕປະຊາຊົນລາວ" ແລະ ລົງນາມໃນຂໍ້ຕົກລົງໃຫ້ຫວຽດນາມມີສິດໃນກອງທັບ ແລະ ສາມາດແຕ່ງຕັ້ງຕຳແໜ່ງໃນການປົກຄອງປະເທດລາວໄດ້. ໂດຍຄວາມສຳພັນລະຫວ່າງລາວ ແລະ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ">ຫວຽດນາມ</a>ໄດ້ຮັບການຮັບຮອງຜ່ານສົນທິສັນຍາມິດຕະພາບໃນປີ1977 ເຊິ່ງໄດ້ກາຍເປັນແນວທາງສຳຄັນຂອງນະໂຍບາຍການຕ່າງປະເທດຂອງລາວ ແລະ ເປັນຮາກຖານຂອງອິດທິພົນຂອງຫວຽດນາມໃນດ້ານການເມືອງ ແລະ ເສດຖະກິດຂອງລາວ.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_50-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Martin_Stuart-Fox_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin_Stuart-Fox-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ຕໍ່ມາໃນປີ1979 ຫວຽດນາມໄດ້ຂໍໃຫ້ລາວທຳການຕັດຄວາມສຳພັນກັບ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຈີນ">ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາຊົນຈີນ</a>, ສົ່ງຜົນໃຫ້ຈີນ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2" title="ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ">ສະຫະລັດ</a> ແລະ ປະເທດອື່ນໆຕັດຄວາມສຳພັນທາງການຄ້າກັບລາວ.<sup id="cite_ref-DamienKingsbury_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DamienKingsbury-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ໃນປີດຽວກັນນີ້ ມີທະຫານຂອງຫວຽດນາມຫ້າໝື່ນນາຍ ແລະ ເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ຂັ້ນພົນລະເຮືອນປະມານຫົກພັນຄົນໃນລາວ, ແລະ ຍັງມີຄົນຫວຽດນາມເຮັດວຽກໂດຍກົງກັບກະຊວງຕ່າງໆປະມານພັນກວ່າຄົນໃນ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ">ວຽງຈັນ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Savada_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savada-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prayaga_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prayaga-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ເຖິງສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງຈະຈົບລົງແລ້ວ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E2%80%8B%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%99%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E2%80%8B%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ການກະບົດໃນປະເທດລາວ">ຄວາມຂັດແຍ້ງ</a>ລະຫວ່າງກຸ່ມກະບົດມົ້ງກັບລັດຖະບານກໍຍັງຄົງດຳເນີນຕໍ່ໄປໃນບາງພື້ນທີ່ຂອງປະເທດເຊັ່ນ: ເຂດທະຫານປິດໄຊສົມບູນໃກ້<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ">ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ</a> ແລະ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ແຂວງຊຽງຂວາງ">ແຂວງຊຽງຂວາງ</a>. ໃນລະຫວ່າງປີ1975-1996 <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2" title="ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ">ສະຫະລັດ</a>ໄປອົບພະຍົບພາຊາວລາວປະມານ250000ກວ່າຄົນລີ້ໄພມາປະເທດໄທ, ລວມໄປເຖິງຄົນມົ້ງ130000ກວ່າຄົນ.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ໃນວັນທີ3 ທັນວາປີ2021, ເສັ້ນທາງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7-%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ລົດໄຟລາວ-ຈີນ">ລົດໄຟວຽງຈັນ-ບໍ່ເຕັນ</a> ໄລຍະທາງ422ກິໂລແມັດ ເຊິ່ງເປັນໂຄງການສຳຄັນພາຍໃຕ້ <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%82%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B6%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B6%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຂໍ້ຕົກລົງໜຶ່ງແລວໜຶ່ງເສັ້ນທາງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຂໍ້ຕົກລົງໜຶ່ງແລວໜຶ່ງເສັ້ນທາງ</a></i> ໄດ້ເປີດໃຫ້ບໍລິການຢ່າງເປັນທາງການ.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ພູມສັນຖານ"><span id=".E0.BA.9E.E0.BA.B9.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.96.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99"></span>ພູມສັນຖານ</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r96922">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="external text" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit">ພັດທະນາບົດຄວາມນີ້</a>ໂດຍຕື່ມ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:RS (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນເປັນຕາເຊື່ອຖື</a>. ເນື້ອຫາເຊິ່ງຂາດການອ້າງອີງອາດຖືກຄັດຄ້ານຫຼືນຳອອກ</div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r96922" /><table class="box-ປັບພາສາ plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Copy_edit" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alifdoublechecklao.png/60px-Alifdoublechecklao.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alifdoublechecklao.png/90px-Alifdoublechecklao.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alifdoublechecklao.png/120px-Alifdoublechecklao.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ບົດຄວາມນີ້ອາດຕ້ອງການພິສູດອັກສອນ</b> ໃນດ້ານໄວຍາກອນ ຮູບແບບຂີດຂຽນ ການຮິບໂຮມ ການຮຽງ ຄຸນນະພາບ ຫຼື ການສະກົດ ທ່ານສາມາດຊ່ອຍ<a class="external text" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit">ພັດທະນາບົດຄວາມ</a>ໄດ້. <small></small> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ລັກສະນະພູມອາກາດ"><span id=".E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.9E.E0.BA.B9.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.94"></span>ລັກສະນະພູມອາກາດ</h3></div> <p>ສປປ ລາວ ຢູ່ໃນພູມອາກາດຂອງເຂດຮ້ອນ, ມີລົມມໍລະສຸມ ແຕ່ບໍ່ມີພາຍຸ, ສຳລັບເຂດພູດອຍພາກເໜືອ ແລະ ເຂດສາຍພູຫຼວງອາກາດ ມີລັກສະນະເຄິ່ງຮ້ອນເຄິ່ງໜາວ ອຸນຫະພູມສະສົມ ສະເລ່ຍປະຈຳປີສູງເຖິງ 15-30 ອົງສາເຊ, ການຜິດດ່ຽງອຸນຫະພູມລະຫວ່າງກາງເວັນ ແລະ ກາງຄືນມີປະມານ 10 ອົງສາເຊ. ຈຳນວນຊົ່ວໂມງ ທີ່ມີແສງແດດຕໍ່ປີປະມານ 2.300-2.400 ຊົ່ວໂມງ (ປະມານ 6,3-6,5 ຊົ່ວໂມງຕ່ໍມື້), ຄວາມຊຸ່ມຊື່ນ ສຳຜັດຂອງອາກາດ ມີປະມານ 70 - 85%, ປະລິມານ ນ້ຳຝົນນັບແຕ່ 75-90% ໃນລະດູຝົນ (ແຕ່ເດືອນ ພຶດສະພາ ຫາ ເດືອນຕຸລາ). ສ່ວນໃນລະດູແລ້ງ (ເດືອນພະຈິກ ຫາເດືອນເມສາ) ປະລິມານນ້ຳຝົນມີພຽງ 10-25% ແລະ ປະລິມານສະເລ່ຍຕໍ່ປີ ຂອງແຕ່ລະເຂດກໍ່ຜິດໂຕນກັນຢ່າງຫຼວງຫຼາຍ ເຊັ່ນວ່າ: ສາຍພູຫຼວງ ຍ່ານເຂດໃຕ້ໄດ້ຮັບນ້ຳຝົນ ສະເລ່ຍປີລະ 300 ຊັງຕີແມັດ ຂະນະທີ່ເຂດແຂວງ ຊຽງຂວາງ, ຫຼວງພະບາງ, ໄຊຍະບູລີ ໄດ້ຮັບພຽງແຕ່ 100-150 ຊັງຕີແມັດ, ສ່ວນວຽງຈັນ ແລະ ສະຫວັນນະເຂດ ໄດ້ຮັບລະຫວ່າງ 150-200 ຊັງຕີແມັດ ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັບ ຜົ້ງສາລີ, ຫຼວງນ້ຳທາ ແລະ ບໍ່ແກ້ວ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ຊັບພະຍາກອນທຳມະຊາດ_ແລະ_ປ່າໄມ້"><span id=".E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.9A.E0.BA.9E.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.8D.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B3.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.94_.E0.BB.81.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B0_.E0.BA.9B.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.B2.E0.BB.84.E0.BA.A1.E0.BB.89"></span>ຊັບພະຍາກອນທຳມະຊາດ ແລະ ປ່າໄມ້</h4></div> <p>ດ້ວຍພູມີປະເທດ ແລະ ພູມອາກາດທີ່ເປັນເຂດຮ້ອນຊຸ່ມ ມັນໄດ້ສ້າງເງື່ອນໄຂໃຫ້ ສປປ ລາວ ອຸດົມສົມບູນໄປດ້ວຍຊັບພະຍາກອນທຳມະຊາດນາໆຊະນິດ, ໃນພື້ນດິນກໍ່ມີແຮ່ທາດຕ່າງໆ ເຊັ່ນ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ກົ່ວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກົ່ວ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຫຼັກ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເຫຼັກ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%96%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ຖ່ານຫີນ">ຖ່ານຫີນ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊືນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຊືນ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ທອງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ທອງ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຄຳ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຄຳ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ເງິນ">ເງິນ</a>,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ມາດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ມາດ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ອັງຕີມອນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອັງຕີມອນ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ແກ້ວປະເສີດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແກ້ວປະເສີດ</a> ແລະ ອື່ນໆ, ຢູ່ເທິງໜ້າດິນກໍມີປ່າໄມ້ກວມເນື້ອທີ່ 47 % ຂອງເນື້ອທີ່ທັງໝົດ, ໃນນັ້ນມີທັງໄມ້ຄ່າສູງທາງດ້ານເສດຖະກິດ ເຊັ່ນ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ໄມ້ຄະຍູງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ໄມ້ຄະຍູງ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%88" title="ໄມ້ດູ່">ໄມ້ດູ່</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%89%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ໄມ້ເກດສະໜາ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ໄມ້ເກດສະໜາ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%89%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ໄມ້ໂລ່ງເລ່ງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ໄມ້ໂລ່ງເລ່ງ</a> ຢູ່ໃນປ່າກໍມີເຄື່ອງປ່າຂອງດົງປະເພດຕ່າງໆ ທີ່ໂລກຕ້ອງການຫຼາຍເຊັ່ນ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຄັ່ງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຄັ່ງ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຍານ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຍານ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%81%E0%BB%9C%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ໝາກແໜ່ງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ໝາກແໜ່ງ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຢາງແປກ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຢາງແປກ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຫວາຍ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຫວາຍ</a>, ຕົ້ນໄມ້ເປັນຢາ ແລະ ອື່ນໆ ນອກນັ້ນ ຍັງມີສັດປ່າທີ່ຫາຍາກ ແລະ ໃກ້ຈະສູນພັນເຊັ່ນ: <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ຊ້າງ">ຊ້າງ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD" title="ເສືອ">ເສືອ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B5" title="ໝີ">ໝີ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເມີຍ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເມີຍ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ກະທິງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກະທິງ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ກວາງ">ກວາງ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຍືອງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເຍືອງ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເສົາຫຼາ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເສົາຫຼາ</a> ໆລໆ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="ປະເພດປ່າ"><span id=".E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B0.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.9E.E0.BA.94.E0.BA.9B.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.B2"></span>ປະເພດປ່າ</h5></div> <p>ປ່າໄມ້ທີ່ອຸດົມສົມບູນຂອງປະເທດລາວແບ່ງອອກເປັນ 5 ປະເພດດັ່ງນີ້: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9A" title="ປ່າດົງດິບ">ປ່າດົງດິບ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87" title="ປ່າສົງ">ປ່າປະສົມ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%81" title="ໂຄກ">ປ່າໂຄກ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%89%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%A1" title="ປ່າໄມ້ໃບເຂັມ">ປ່າໄມ້ໃບເຂັມ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87" title="ຄັງ">ຄັງ</a> ແລະ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2" title="ປ່າເລົ່າ">ປ່າເລົ່າ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ທໍ່ສົ່ງນໍ້າມັນ"><span id=".E0.BA.97.E0.BB.8D.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.BB.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.99.E0.BB.8D.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.99"></span>ທໍ່ສົ່ງນໍ້າມັນ</h4></div> <p>ປະເທດລາວມີທໍ່ສົ່ງນໍ້າມັນ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເປຕະໂລນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເປຕະໂລນ</a> ຍາວທັງໝົດ 136 ກິໂລແມັດ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ລັກສະນະພູມອາກາດ_2"><span id=".E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.9E.E0.BA.B9.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.94_2"></span>ລັກສະນະພູມອາກາດ</h3></div> <p>ສປປ ລາວ ຢູ່ໃນພູມອາກາດຂອງເຂດຮ້ອນ, ມີລົມມໍລະສຸມ ແຕ່ບໍ່ມີພາຍຸ, ສຳລັບເຂດພູດອຍພາກເໜືອ ແລະ ເຂດສາຍພູຫຼວງອາກາດ ມີລັກສະນະເຄິ່ງຮ້ອນເຄິ່ງໜາວ ອຸນຫະພູມສະສົມ ສະເລ່ຍປະຈຳປີສູງເຖິງ 15 - 30 ອົງສາເຊ, ການຜິດດ່ຽງອຸນຫະພູມລະຫວ່າງກາງເວັນ ແລະ ກາງຄືນມີປະມານ 10 ອົງສາເຊ. ຈຳນວນຊົ່ວໂມງ ທີ່ມີແສງແດດຕໍ່ປີປະມານ 2.300-2.400 ຊົ່ວໂມງ (ປະມານ 6,3-6,5 ຊົ່ວໂມງຕ່ໍມື້), ຄວາມຊຸ່ມຊື່ນ ສຳຜັດຂອງອາກາດ ມີປະມານ 70-85%, ປະລິມານ ນ້ຳຝົນນັບແຕ່ 75-90% ໃນລະດູຝົນ (ແຕ່ເດືອນ ພຶດສະພາ ຫາ ເດືອນຕຸລາ). ສ່ວນໃນລະດູແລ້ງ (ເດືອນພະຈິກ ຫາເດືອນເມສາ) ປະລິມານນ້ຳຝົນມີພຽງ 10-25% ແລະ ປະລິມານສະເລ່ຍຕໍ່ປີ ຂອງແຕ່ລະເຂດກໍ່ຜິດໂຕນກັນຢ່າງຫຼວງຫຼາຍ ເຊັ່ນວ່າ: ສາຍພູຫຼວງ ຍ່ານເຂດໃຕ້ໄດ້ຮັບນ້ຳຝົນ ສະເລ່ຍປີລະ 300 ຊັງຕີແມັດ ຂະນະທີ່ເຂດແຂວງ ຊຽງຂວາງ, ຫຼວງພະບາງ, ໄຊຍະບູລີ ໄດ້ຮັບພຽງແຕ່ 100-150 ຊັງຕີແມັດ, ສ່ວນວຽງຈັນ ແລະ ສະຫວັນນະເຂດ ໄດ້ຮັບລະຫວ່າງ 150-200 ຊັງຕີແມັດ ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັບ ຜົ້ງສາລີ, ຫຼວງນ້ຳທາ ແລະ ບໍ່ແກ້ວ. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>ຊື່ເດືອນ </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9" title="ລະດູ">ລະດູ</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ມັງກອນ">ມັງກອນ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87" title="ລະດູແລ້ງ">ແລ້ງ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2" title="ກຸມພາ">ກຸມພາ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87" title="ລະດູແລ້ງ">ແລ້ງ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2" title="ມີນາ">ມີນາ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87" title="ລະດູແລ້ງ">ແລ້ງ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2" title="ເມສາ">ເມສາ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87" title="ລະດູແລ້ງ">ແລ້ງ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B6%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2" title="ພຶດສະພາ">ພຶດສະພາ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99" title="ລະດູຝົນ">ຝົນ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2" title="ມິຖຸນາ">ມິຖຸນາ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99" title="ລະດູຝົນ">ຝົນ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94" title="ກໍລະກົດ">ກໍລະກົດ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99" title="ລະດູຝົນ">ຝົນ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2" title="ສິງຫາ">ສິງຫາ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99" title="ລະດູຝົນ">ຝົນ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2" title="ກັນຍາ">ກັນຍາ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99" title="ລະດູຝົນ">ຝົນ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2" title="ຕຸລາ">ຕຸລາ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99" title="ລະດູຝົນ">ຝົນ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81" title="ພະຈິກ">ພະຈິກ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87" title="ລະດູແລ້ງ">ແລ້ງ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2" title="ທັນວາ">ທັນວາ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87" title="ລະດູແລ້ງ">ແລ້ງ</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ການເມືອງ"><span id=".E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B7.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.87"></span>ການເມືອງ</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r96922" /><table class="box-ປັບພາສາ plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Copy_edit" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alifdoublechecklao.png/60px-Alifdoublechecklao.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alifdoublechecklao.png/90px-Alifdoublechecklao.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alifdoublechecklao.png/120px-Alifdoublechecklao.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ບົດຄວາມນີ້ອາດຕ້ອງການພິສູດອັກສອນ</b> ໃນດ້ານໄວຍາກອນ ຮູບແບບຂີດຂຽນ ການຮິບໂຮມ ການຮຽງ ຄຸນນະພາບ ຫຼື ການສະກົດ ທ່ານສາມາດຊ່ອຍ<a class="external text" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit">ພັດທະນາບົດຄວາມ</a>ໄດ້. <small></small> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ນັບຕັ້ງແຕ່ການຍຶດອຳນາດຂອງຂະບວນການ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81-%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ລັດທິມາກ-ເລນິນ">ມາກ-ເລນິນ</a>ທີ່ນຳໂດຍ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດລາວ">ພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດລາວ</a>ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1975 ປະເທດລາວຈຶ່ງກາຍເປັນລັດພັກການເມືອງດຽວ ແລະແມ່ນໜຶ່ງໃນຫ້າລັດຂອງໂລກທີ່ຍັງຄົງຢູ່ພາຍໃຕ້ລະບອບຄອມມູນິດຫຼັງຈາກການລົ່ມສະຫຼາຍຂອງລະບອບສັງຄົມນິຍົມໃນຊ່ວງປີ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94_%E0%BA%84.%E0%BA%AA._1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ການປະຕິວັດ ຄ.ສ. 1989 (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຄ.ສ. 1989</a> ແລະປີ ຄ.ສ. 1991 ການເມືອງຂອງປະເທດຖືກຄອບງຳໂດຍໂຄງສ້າງຄູ່ຂອງພັກແລະອຳນາດລັດ ຮວມເຖີງເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ລັດທັງໝົດກໍ່ແມ່ນສະມາຊິກພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດເຊ່ນກັນ ດ້ວຍເຫດນີ້ ທຳໃຫ້ພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດມີອຳນາດໃນການປົກຄອງແບບບໍ່ຈຳກັດ ແລະຄວບຄຸມກິດຈະການຕ່າງໆ ທັງມວນໃນປະເທດ<sup id="cite_ref-Croissant211_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croissant211-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ອົງການນອກພາກລັດຟຣີດອມເຮ້າສ໌ (Freedom House) ໄດ້ຈັດໃຫ້ລະບົບການເມືອງຂອງປະເທດລາວວ່າມີລັກສະນະ "ບໍ່ເສລີ" ແລະໃຫ້ຄະແນນໃນລະດັບຕ່ຳຫຼາຍສຳຫຼັບຫານຄຸ້ມຄອງສິດທິທາງການເມືອງແລະສິດທິຂອງພົນລະເມືອງ<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ປະມຸກລັດຂອງລາວ ຄື <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87_%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%9B_%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ປະທານປະເທດ ແຫ່ງ ສປປ ລາວ">ປະທານປະເທດ</a> ຊຶ່ງຍັງດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງປະທານ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັນລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັນລາວ</a>ດ້ວຍ ໂດຍປະທານປະເທດແມ່ນຜູ້ແຕ່ງຕັ້ງນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ ຮອງນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ ລັດທະມົນຕີ ຫົວໜ້າຜູ້ບໍລິຫານແຂວງ ແລະຫົວໜ້າຜູ້ບໍລິຫານເມືອງ ໂດຍການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງຕຳແໜ່ງທັງໝົດຕ້ອງຜ່ານການຍືນຍັນຈາກສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ອຳນາດນິຕິບັນຍັດ"><span id=".E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.B3.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.94.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.B4.E0.BA.95.E0.BA.B4.E0.BA.9A.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.8D.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.94"></span>ອຳນາດນິຕິບັນຍັດ</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:National_Assembly_of_Laos_(11888085666).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/National_Assembly_of_Laos_%2811888085666%29.jpg/220px-National_Assembly_of_Laos_%2811888085666%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/National_Assembly_of_Laos_%2811888085666%29.jpg/330px-National_Assembly_of_Laos_%2811888085666%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/National_Assembly_of_Laos_%2811888085666%29.jpg/440px-National_Assembly_of_Laos_%2811888085666%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດ</a>ໃນນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ</figcaption></figure> <p>ຕາມລັດຖະທຳມະນູນ ໂຄງສ້າງສູງສຸດຂອງລັດລາວແລະສະພານິຕິບັນຍັດ ຄື <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດ</a> ແມ່ນສະພາດ່ຽວ ມີທັງໝົດ 132 ທີ່ນັ່ງ ຊຶ່ງຈະປ່ຽນແປງໃນທຸກໆ 5 ປີ ຜ່ານການເລືອກຕັ້ງທົ່ວໄປ ສະພາແຜ່ງຊາດຈະປະຊຸມປີລະສອງຫົນເປັນເວລາສອງສາມສັບປະດາ<sup id="cite_ref-Croissant211_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croissant211-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ຫຼັງຈາກນັ້ນ ຄະນະກຳມະການປະຈຳຈະຕິດຕາມການດຳເນີນການຕາມການພິຈາລະນາ ຕີຄວາມລັດຖະທຳມະນູນ ແລະສະເໜີຜູ້ສະມັກຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງສຳຄັນ ໂດຍຄະນະກຳມະການປະຈຳປະກອບດ້ວຍ ປະທານສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດ ຮອງປະທານ ແລະຜູ້ແທນແປດຄົນ ຊຶ່ງຄະນະກຳມະການສະພາແຕ່ລະສ່ວນ ໜົ່ວຍງານພາຍໃນ ແລະສຳນັກງານຂອງທັ້ງ 18 ແຂວງ ກໍ່ຢູ່ພາຍໃຕ້ສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດດ້ວຍ<sup id="cite_ref-Croissant212_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croissant212-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ໜ້າທີ່ຂອງສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດ ຄື ການເລືອກປະທານປະເທດດ້ວຍສຽງຂ້າງມາກປະມານສອງເຖິງສາມ ເພື່ອແຕ່ງຕັ້ງນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີຕາມຄຳຮ້ອງຂໍຂອງປະທານປະເທດ ເຊ່ນດຽວກັບລັດຖະມົນຕີ ປະທານສານປະຊາຊົນສູງສຸດ ແລະໄອຍະການສູງສຸດ<sup id="cite_ref-Croissant211_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croissant211-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ຢ່າງໃດກໍ່ດີ ໃນທາງປະຕິບັດແລ້ວ ມີພຽງສະເພາະການຕັດສິນໃຈຂອງຄະນະກຳມະການກາງພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດເທົ່ານັ້ນ ທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການອະນຸມັດ<sup id="cite_ref-Croissant212_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croissant212-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ອົງກອນມວນຊົນຍັງຄົງໄດ້ຮັບອະນຸຍາດໃຫ້ສົ່ງຮ່າງກົດໝາຍພາຍໃຕ້ເງື່ອນໄຂບາງປະການ ແຕ່ສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດເປັນຜູ້ຮັບຜິດຊອບໃນການອະນຸມັດການວາງແຜນເສດຖະກິດ ງົບປະມານ ແລະການປ່ຽນແປງໃນລັດຖະບານ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ຝ່າຍບໍລິຫານ"><span id=".E0.BA.9D.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.8D.E0.BA.9A.E0.BB.8D.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B4.E0.BA.AB.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99"></span>ຝ່າຍບໍລິຫານ</h3></div> <p>ອຳນາດບໍລິຫານຢູ່ທີ່ປະທານປະເທດແລະຄະນະລັດຖະມົນຕີ ໂດຍນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີເປັນປະທານຄະນະລັດຖະມົນຕີ ແຕ່ມີອຳນາດການຕັດສິນໃຈພຽງເລັກນ້ອຍ ໃນທາງປະຕິບັດ ການຕັດສິນໃຈຂອງຄະນະກຳມະການກາງຂອງພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດດຳເນີນການໂດຍຜູ້ບໍລິຫານ<sup id="cite_ref-Croissant212_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croissant212-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ເຊ່ນດຽວກັບການບໍລິຫານງານຂອງແຂວງແລະເມືອງ ທີ່ມີໂຄງສ້າງເໝືອນກັນກັບລັດຖະບານກາງ ແຕ່ຕັວແທນເມືອງໄດ້ຮັບເລືອກຈາກປະຊາຊົນແລະແຕ່ງຕັ້ງຢ່າງເປັນທາງການໂດຍຫົວໜ້າຜູ້ບໍລິຫານແຂວງ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ເສດຖະກິດຂອງລາວ"><span id=".E0.BB.80.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.94.E0.BA.96.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B4.E0.BA.94.E0.BA.82.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.A7"></span>ເສດຖະກິດຂອງລາວ</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r96922" /><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ບົດຄວາມນີ້ຂາດ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:ການອ້າງອີງແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ">ການອ້າງອີງ</a>ຈາກ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:ການພິສູດຢັ້ງຢືນໄດ້ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງຫຼືແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນ</a></b>. ກະລຸນາຊ່ອຍ<a class="external text" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit">ພັດທະນາບົດຄວາມນີ້</a>ໂດຍຕື່ມ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:RS (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນເປັນຕາເຊື່ອຖື</a>. ເນື້ອຫາເຊິ່ງຂາດການອ້າງອີງອາດຖືກຄັດຄ້ານຫຼືນຳອອກ</div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r96922" /><table class="box-ປັບພາສາ plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Copy_edit" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alifdoublechecklao.png/60px-Alifdoublechecklao.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alifdoublechecklao.png/90px-Alifdoublechecklao.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alifdoublechecklao.png/120px-Alifdoublechecklao.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ບົດຄວາມນີ້ອາດຕ້ອງການພິສູດອັກສອນ</b> ໃນດ້ານໄວຍາກອນ ຮູບແບບຂີດຂຽນ ການຮິບໂຮມ ການຮຽງ ຄຸນນະພາບ ຫຼື ການສະກົດ ທ່ານສາມາດຊ່ອຍ<a class="external text" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit">ພັດທະນາບົດຄວາມ</a>ໄດ້. <small></small> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ສະພາບເສດຖະກິດ-ສັງຄົມ"><span id=".E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.9E.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.9A.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.94.E0.BA.96.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B4.E0.BA.94-.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.A1"></span>ສະພາບເສດຖະກິດ-ສັງຄົມ</h3></div> <p>ການພັດທະນາເສດຖະກິດ-ສັງຄົມ 5 ປີ (2016—2018): ຕົວເລກເສດຖະກິດແຫ່ງຊາດ ໂດຍສະເພາະ ແມ່ນລວມຍອດຜະລິດຕະພັນພາຍໃນ (ຈີດີພີ) ບັນລຸ 219.853 ຕື້ກີບ, ລະດັບການເຕີບໂຕສະເລ່ຍ 6,9% ຕໍ່ປີ, ຂະນະທີ່ຕົວເລກການລົງທຶນທັງຫມົດ ບັນລຸເກືອບ 62 ພັນຕື້ກີບ. </p><p>ໂຄງປະກອບເສດຖະກິດກໍ່ໄດ້ຫັນປ່ຽນຈາກກະສິກອນທຳມະຊາດ ໄປເປັນອຸດສາຫະກຳ ແລະ ກົນໄກຕະຫຼາດ, ໃນນັ້ນ ຈີດີພີ ໃນຂະແຫນງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3" title="ກະສິກຳ">ກະສິກຳ</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%89" title="ປ່າໄມ້">ປ່າໄມ້</a> ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນສະເລ່ຍ 4% ກວມເອົາ 30,4%, ອຸດສາຫະກຳເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນສະເລ່ຍ 12,6% ກວມເອົາ 26% ແລະ ບໍລິການເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນສະເລ່ຍ 8,4% ກວມເອົາ 37,2% ຂອງຈີດີພີ ມີການລົງທຶນທັງຫມົດປະມານ 62 ພັນຕື້ກີບທຽບໃສ່ແຜນ ການ 5 ປີ ຄັ້ງທີ V ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນສອງເທົ່າ, ໃນນັ້ນຈາກງົບປະມານລັດ 3.980 ພັນຕື້ກີບ, ຈາກທຶນການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອທາງການເພື່ອການໂ (ODA) 20,76 ພັນຕື້ກີບ ແລະ ການລົງທຶນຈາກເອກະຊົນພາຍໃນ ແລະ ຕ່າງປະເທດ 37,26 ພັນຕື້ກີບ. </p><p>ການຜະລິດເຂົ້າສະເລ່ຍໄດ້ 2,9 ລ້ານໂຕນຕໍ່ປີ, ສາລີໄດ້ 760.000 ໂຕນ, ອ້ອຍໄດ້ 703.000 ມູນຄ່າເພີ່ມຂອງຂະແໜງອຸດສາຫະກຳປຸງແຕ່ງຂະຫຍາຍຕົວສະເລ່ຍ 9,4% ຕໍ່ປີ, ມີ 24.331 ຫົວຫນ່ວຍກວມ 19,2% ຂອງຈຳນວນວິສາຫະກິດທັງຫມົດ. </p><p>ເຂື່ອນໄຟຟ້າທັງຫມົດມີ 61 ແຫ່ງ ແລະ ເຂື່ອນຂະໜາດນ້ອຍອີກ 15 ແຫ່ງ ມີກຳລັງຕິດຕັ້ງ 7.207,24 ເມກາວັດ, ສາມາດຜະລິດກະແສໄຟຟ້າໄດ້ທັງໝົດ 37.366,66 ກິກາວັດໂມງຕໍ່ປີ. ມີສາຍສົ່ງ ໄຟຟ້າທັງຫມົດຍາວ 19.503 ກິໂລແມັດ. ຂຸດຄົ້ນ ແລະ ຫຼອມຄຳແທ່ງບັນລຸ 38,01 ໂຕນ, ທອງແຜ່ນ 321.487 ໂຕນ ແລະ ທອງຝຸ່ນ 585.607 ໂຕນ. ການສ້າງເສັ້ນທາງສະເລ່ຍເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ 4,6% ຕໍ່ປີ ຫຼື ປະມານ 1.846 ກິໂລແມັດຕໍ່ປີ, ປະຈຸບັນທາງມີຄວາມຍາວທັງຫມົດ 52.230 ກິໂລແມັດ ມີນັກທ່ອງທ່ຽວເຂົ້າມາລາວ 4,1 ລ້ານເທື່ອຄົນຕໍ່ປີ ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນສະເລ່ຍ 15,8% ຕໍ່ປີ ແລະ ສ້າງລາຍຮັບສະເລ່ຍໄດ້ 624,04 ລ້ານໂດລາສະຫະລັດຕໍ່ປີ. </p><p>ທາງດ້ານການເກັບລາຍຮັບງົບປະມານ ກໍ່ສາມາດບັນລຸໄດ້ 38.658,26 ຕື້ກີບ ເທົ່າກັບ 17,6% ຂອງຈີດີພີ, ລາຍຈ່າຍ 48.116,41 ຕື້ກີບ ເທົ່າກັບ 21,9% ຂອງຈີດີພີ ເທົ່າກັບ 97% ຂອງແຜນການ; ພ້ອມກັນນັ້ນ ການສົ່ງອອກກໍ່ບັນລຸ 5,69 ຕື້ໂດລາ,ການນຳເຂົ້າ 6,61 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ, ຂາດດຸນ 0,92 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ ເທົ່າກັບ 3,8% ຂອງຈີດີພີ. </p><p>(ສະເພາະປີສຸດທ້າຍຂອງການປະຕິບັດແຜນການ 5 ປີ ຄັ້ງທີ VI ຈີດີພີບັນລຸ 7,9%, ເຊິ່ງປີ 2010 ຜ່ານມາສະຫະປະຊາຊາດໄດ້ ຕີລາຄາວ່າ ສປປ ລາວ ເປັນ 1 ໃນ 10 ປະເທດເສດຖະກິດຂະຫຍາຍຕົວສູງຂອງໂລກ). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ການລົງທຶນ"><span id=".E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B6.E0.BA.99"></span>ການລົງທຶນ</h3></div> <p>ລັດຖະບານລາວ ຈະສືບຕໍ່ນະໂຍບາຍ ສົ່ງເສີມ ການມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມຂອງທຸກພາກສ່ວນ ເຂົ້າໃນການພັດທະນາເສດຖະກິດສັງຄົມ ທັງພາກລັດ ແລະ ເອກະຊົນ, ພາຍໃນ ແລະ ຕ່າງປະເທດ; ພ້ອມກັນນັ້ນ ກໍຈະປັບປຸງ ສະພາບແວດ ລ້ອມການລົງທຶນ ໃຫ້ດີຂຶ້ນຕື່ມອີກ ທັງໃນດ້ານພື້ນຖານໂຄງລ່າງ ແລະ ດ້ານການບໍລິການ, ດ້ານນິຕິກຳ ແລະ ດ້ານລະບຽບການພິຈາລະນາອະນຸມັດ. ກ່ອນອື່ນຈະໄດ້ອອກດຳລັດວ່າດ້ວຍການຈັດຕັ້ງ ປະຕິບັດກົດໝາຍລົງທຶນ ສະບັບປັບປຸງໃໝ່ ໃຫ້ລະອຽດຈະແຈ້ງ, ຮັດກຸມ ແລະ ໂປ່ງໄສ. ການລົງທຶນຢູ່ ສປປ ລາວ ຍັງມີຫຼາຍ ເປັນຕົ້ນ ແມ່ນໃນ ຂົງເຂດ ການຜະລິດ ແລະ ປຸງແຕ່ງກະສິກຳ ຫຼື ກະສິກຳ- ອຸດສາຫະກຳ; ຂົງເຂດພະລັງງານໄຟຟ້ານ້ຳຕົກ ແລະ ໄຟຟ້າຄວາມຮ້ອນ, ພະລັງງານຊີວະພາບ ແລະ ພະລັງງານທົດແທນ, ຂົງເຂດການຂຸດຄົ້ນ ແລະ ປຸງແຕ່ແຮ່ທາດ ໃນນັ້ນ ລວມທັງແຮ່ທາດປະເສີດ ແລະ ແຮ່ທາດທີ່ຫາຍາກ; ຂົງເຂດການບໍລິການໂຮງແຮມ ແລະ ທ່ອງທ່ຽວ; ການຂົນສົ່ງ ແລະ ລະບົບ logistic, ຕະຫຼອດ ທັງຂົງເຂດການສຶກສາ ວິຊາຊີບ ແລະ ການບໍລິການດ້ານສາທາລະນະສຸກ ທີ່ທັນສະໄຫມ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບ"><span id=".E0.BA.95.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.AB.E0.BA.BC.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.94.E0.BA.AB.E0.BA.BC.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.9A"></span>ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບ</h3></div> <p>ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບແຫ່ງທຳອິດຂອງລາວ ໄດ້ເປີດຢ່າງເປັນທາງການໃນວັນທີ 10.10.2010 ເວລາ 10.10 ນາທີ,ສຳລັບວັນເປີດການຊື້-ຂາຍ ຢ່າງເປັນທາງການແມ່ນວັນທີ 11.1.2011 ເວລາ 11:11 ນາທີ ນີ້ຢູ່ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບລາວ ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ ໃຫ້ກຽດເຂົ້າຮ່ວມໃນພິທີດັ່ງກ່າວມີທ່ານ ສົມສະຫວາດ ເລັ່ງສະຫວັດ ຮອງນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ, ຜູ້ປະຈຳການລັດຖະບານ, ປະທານຄະນະກຳມະການຄຸ້ມຄອງຫຼັກຊັບ ແລະ ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບ ບັນດາຮອງປະທານຄະນະກຳມະການຄຸ້ມຄອງຫຼັກຊັບ ແລະ ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບ, ຄະນະຄຸ້ມຄອງຫຼັກຊັບຫວຽດນາມ, ສ. ເກົາຫຼີ, ໄທ ພ້ອມດ້ວຍແຂກຖືກເຊີນພາກສ່ວນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງຕະຫຼອດຮອດນັກລົງທຶນທັງພາຍໃນ ແລະ ຕ່າງປະເທດເຂົ້າຮ່ວມຢ່າງຫຼວງຫຼາຍ. ໂດຍເບື້ອງຕົ້ນມີ 2 ບໍລິສັດເຂົ້າມາຈົດທະບຽນຄື: ທະນາຄານການຄ້າຕ່າງປະເທດລາວ ມະຫາຊົນຖືຮຸ້ນ 20 ລ້ານກວ່າຮຸ້ນ,8.000 ກີບຕໍ່ຮຸ້ນ, ບໍລິສັດຜະລິດໄຟຟ້າມະຫາຊົນຖືຮຸ້ນ 200 ກວ່າລ້ານຮຸ້ນ, 4.700 ກີບຕໍ່ຮຸ້ນ. ຄາດວ່າ ຈະມີອີກ 10 ກວ່າບໍລິສັດເຂົ້າມາຈົດທະບຽນຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບແຫ່ງທຳອິດດ້ວຍ ແລະ ຄວາມເປັນທຳ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ການຮ່ວມມືໃນພູມມີພາກອາຊຽນ_ລາວເຂົ້າເປັນສະມາຊິກອາຊຽນເມື່ອວັນທີ_23_ກໍລະກົດ_1997_ແລະ_ໄດ້ເປັນປະທານ_ຄະນະກຳມະການອາຊຽນເມື່ອປີ_2004."><span id=".E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.AE.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.A7.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B7.E0.BB.83.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.9E.E0.BA.B9.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B5.E0.BA.9E.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.BD.E0.BA.99_.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.A7.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.82.E0.BA.BB.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B2.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.B4.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.BD.E0.BA.99.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B7.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.A7.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B5_23_.E0.BA.81.E0.BB.8D.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.94_1997_.E0.BB.81.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B0_.E0.BB.84.E0.BA.94.E0.BB.89.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99_.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B3.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.BD.E0.BA.99.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B7.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B5_2004."></span>ການຮ່ວມມືໃນພູມມີພາກອາຊຽນ ລາວເຂົ້າເປັນສະມາຊິກອາຊຽນເມື່ອວັນທີ 23 ກໍລະກົດ 1997 ແລະ ໄດ້ເປັນປະທານ ຄະນະກຳມະການອາຊຽນເມື່ອປີ 2004.</h3></div> <ul><li>ຍຸດທະສາດຄວາມຮ່ວມມືທາງດ້ານເສດຖະກິດອິລະວະດີ-ເຈົ້າພະຍາ-<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E2%80%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ</a> (Ayeyawady-Chao Phraya-Mekong Economic Cooperation Strategy — ACMECS)</li> <li>ຄວາມຮ່ວມມືສາມຫຼ່ຽມມໍລະກົດ</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ການຄ້າ"><span id=".E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.84.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B2"></span>ການຄ້າ</h3></div> <p>ດ້ານການຄ້າ ອັນພົ້ນເດັ່ນແມ່ນໄດ້ປັບປຸງ ແລະ ຫັນເອົາຫົວຫນ່ວຍທຸລະກິດເຂົ້າສູ່ການຈັດຕັ້ງ, ມີການນຳພາ ແລະ ເຄື່ອນໄຫວເຂົ້າສູ່ລະບົບລະບຽບ, ຕັ້ງເປັນກຸ່ມຕາມໝວດສິນຄ້າ ແລະ ເຄື່ອນໄຫວ ໃຫ້ຕິດພັນກັບການປະຕິບັດ ແຜນດູນສິນຄ້າຢ່າງເຂັ້ມງວດ, ເຮັດໃຫ້ມາດຕະການຄຸ້ມຄອງຂາອອກ-ຂາເຂົ້າ ໄດ້ຮັບການປະຕິບັດດີຂຶ້ນ, ອັດຕາສ່ວນການຂາດດູນການຄ້າກັບຕ່າງປະເທດ ໄດ້ຫຼຸດລົງ ຂາອອກ ໄດ້ຮັບການສົ່ງເສີມ ແລະ ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນໃນແຕ່ລະປີ, ຊຶ່ງມີຕົວເລກສະແດງອອກ ດັ່ງນີ້: ສົກປີ 1990—1991 ຂາເຂົ້າປະຕິບັດໄດ້ 249,18 ລ້ານໂດລາ, ຂາອອກ 137 ລ້ານໂດລາ; ສົກປີ 2000—2001 ການນຳເຂົ້າ ສາມາດ ປະຕິບັດໄດ້ 528,271 ລ້ານໂດລາ, ການສົ່ງອອກ 324,885 ລ້ານ ໂດລາ; ສົກປີ 2004—2005 ຂາເຂົ້າຄາດຄະເນປະຕິບັດໄດ້ 596 ລ້ານໂດລາ ແລະ ຂາອອກ ຄາດຄະເນປະຕິບັດໄດ້ 420 ລ້ານໂດລາ. ຂອດຂັ້ນ ແລະ ອຸປະສັກຕ່າງໆ ໃນການດຳເນີນ ທຸລະກິດ ຄ່ອຍໆໄດ້ຮັບການແກ້ໄຂເປັນກ້າວໆ, ຊຸກຍູ້ໃຫ້ບັນດາບໍລິສັດ ທີ່ເຮັດຂາເຂົ້າ-ຂາອອກ ຫັນມາເຮັດການຜະລິດ ເປັນສິນຄ້າ. ລາຄາສິນຄ້າປະເພດຕ່າງໆ ໂດຍສະເພາະແມ່ນສິນຄ້າຍຸດທະສາດ ແລະ ສິນຄ້າຈຳເປັນຕໍ່ຊີວິດການເປັນຢູ່ຂອງປະຊາຊົນໄດ້ຮັບການຕິດຕາມ, ກວດກາ, ຄຸ້ມຄອງໃຫ້ດີຂຶ້ນກວ່າເກົ່າ. ການຄຸ້ມຄອງຕາມຂະແໜງການໄດ້ຮັບການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດນັບມື້ດີ ຂຶ້ນ. ໄດ້ສົມທົບກັບຂະແຫນງການ ແລະ ທ້ອງຖິ່ນໃນການສ້າງໂຄງການຜະລິດເປັນສິນຄ້າ, ໄດ້ມີການປົກປ້ອງການຜະລິດພາຍໃນສຳລັບບາງປະເພດສິນຄ້າ,ໄດ້ວາງມາດຕະການຕ້ານ ແລະ ສະກັດກັ້ນ ການຄ້າຂາຍ ນອກລະບົບ, ການຄຸ້ມຄອງຮ້ານຄ້າປອດພາສີ, ລະບຽບການນຳເຂົ້າ ແລະ ອື່ນໆ. ໝຸນໃຊ້ວິທີການເພື່ອເຈາະຕະຫຼາດຕ່າງປະເທດ ໃຫ້ແກ່ສິນຄ້າລາວ ດ້ວຍຫຼາຍ ຮູບການ: ດຳເນີນການເຈລະຈາ ແລະ ເຊັນສັນຍາການຄ້າກັບຫຼາຍປະເທດ, ຈັດການ ພົບປະຜູ້ແທນຂັ້ນສູງໃນລະດັບມະຫາພາກເປີດໂອກາດໃຫ້ມີການພົບປະລະຫວ່າງນັກ ທຸລະກິດລາວ ກັບ ນັກທຸລະກິດ ແລະ ນັກລົງທຶນຂອງຕ່າງໆປະເທດ ເພື່ອຊອກຊ່ອງທາງພົວພັນຄ້າຂາຍ ແລະ ຮ່ວມມືກັນດ້ານການຜະລິດ, ເຈລະຈາຕໍ່ລອງຍາດແຍ່ງເອົາສິດທິພິເສດ ດ້ານການຄ້າກັບ ບັນດາປະເທດສະຫະພາບ ເອີລົບ (EU), ການພົວພັນການຄ້າແບບປົກກະຕິ ກັບສະຫະລັດ ອາເມລິກາ (NTR), ເຈລະຈາ ກັບປະເທດໃກ້ຄຽງ ເພື່ອໃຫ້ຊ່ວຍຮັບເອົາສິນຄ້າຂອງລາວ, ເຂົ້າຮ່ວມວາງສະແດງສາກົນ ລະດັບຕ່າງໆ ເພື່ອມີໂອກາດສະເໜີສິນຄ້າຂອງລາວ ຕໍ່ຊາວໂລກ, ສ້າງສູນສົ່ງເສີມ ການຄ້າລາວ ໂດຍນຳໃຊ້ລະບົບອິນເຕີເນັດເຂົ້າຊ່ວຍ ໃນການເກັບກຳ ແລະ ເຜີຍແຜ່ຂໍ້ມູນຂ່າວສານໃນວຽກງານການຄ້າກັບຕ່າງປະເທດ, ໄດ້ປະຕິບັດສັນຍາການຮ່ວມມືວ່າດ້ວຍ ເຂດການຄ້າເສລີອາຊຽນ (AFTA) ແລະ ໄດ້ເຂົ້າເປັນສະມາຊິກຂອງ ອົງການການຄ້າໂລກ (WTO) ໃນວັນທີ 2 ກຸມພາ ປີ 2013. ຄາດຫມາຍສູ້ຊົນຕົ້ນຕໍຂອງວຽກງານການຄ້າໃນຕໍ່ຫນ້າແມ່ນການສົ່ງອອກໃນແຜນການ 2006-2010 ສູ້ຊົນໃຫ້ຂະຫຍາຍຕົວສະເລ່ຍໃນອັດຕາ 15,8% ຕໍ່ປີ, ອັດຕາການຂະຫຍາຍ ຕົວດ້ານການນຳເຂົ້າແຕ່ປີ 2006-2010 ຄາດຄະເນໃຫ້ມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວໃນລະດັບ 8% ຕໍ່ປີ, ເຮັດໃຫ້ມູນຄ່າຂາອອກ-ຂາເຂົ້າມີຄວາມສົມດູນກັນໃນປີ 2010. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ສື່ມວນຊົນ"><span id=".E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B7.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.A7.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.99"></span>ສື່ມວນຊົນ</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສິລະປິນແຫ່ງຊາດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ໂທລະພາບແຫ່ງຊາດລາວ</a></li> <li>ໂທລະພາບລາວສະຕາຣ໌</li> <li>ໂທລະພາບປ້ອງກັນຄວາມສະຫງົບ</li> <li>ໂທລະພາບນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ</li> <li>ໂທລະພາບກອງທັບປະຊາຊົນລາວ</li> <li>ໂທລະພາບທີວີລາວ</li> <li>ໂທລະພາບອີເອັມລາວ</li> <li>ວິທະຍຸກະຈາຍສຽງແຫ່ງຊາດ</li> <li>ວິທະຍຸກະຈາຍສຽງປ້ອງກັນຄວາມສະຫງົບ</li> <li>ໜັງສືພິມວຽງຈັນໃໝ່</li> <li>ໜັງສືພິມວຽງຈັນທາມ</li> <li>ໜັງສືພິມປ້ອງກັນຄວາມສະຫງົບ</li> <li>ໜັງສືພິມເສດຖະກິດ-ການຄ້າ</li> <li>ໜັງສືພິມປະຊາຊາຊົນ</li> <li>ໜັງສືພິມກອງທັບ</li> <li>ໜັງສືພິມສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດ</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ສັງຄົມ"><span id=".E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.A1"></span>ສັງຄົມ</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r96922" /><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ບົດຄວາມນີ້ຂາດ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:ການອ້າງອີງແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ">ການອ້າງອີງ</a>ຈາກ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:ການພິສູດຢັ້ງຢືນໄດ້ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງຫຼືແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນ</a></b>. ກະລຸນາຊ່ອຍ<a class="external text" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit">ພັດທະນາບົດຄວາມນີ້</a>ໂດຍຕື່ມ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:RS (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນເປັນຕາເຊື່ອຖື</a>. ເນື້ອຫາເຊິ່ງຂາດການອ້າງອີງອາດຖືກຄັດຄ້ານຫຼືນຳອອກ</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ປະຊາກອນ"><span id=".E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.99"></span>ປະຊາກອນ</h3></div> <p>ປະຈຸບັນ ປະຊາກອນລາວ ມີທັງໝົດ 7,588,447 ຄົນ (ຂໍ້ມູນປີ 2016ຂອງກະຊວງປ້ອງກັນຄວາມສະຫງົບ), ໃນນີ້ ກຸ່ມຄົນທີ່ມີອາຍຸແຕ່ 0 ຫາ 14 ປີ ກວມອັດຕາສ່ວນເຖິງ 37.8%, ໝວດອາຍຸແຕ່ 15 ຫາ 59 ປີ ມີ 56.5% ແລະ ໝວດອາຍຸແຕ່ 60 ປີຂື້ນໄປ ມີພຽງແຕ່ 6%. ກຸ່ມອາຍຸຕ່ຳຫາປານກາງກວມອັດຕາສ່ວນສູງຄືແນວນີ້ ບົ່ງບອກໃຫ້ຮູ້ວ່າປະຊາກອນລາວແມ່ນ ປະຊາກອນໜຸ່ມ ແລະ ສ່ວນວ່າກຸ່ມຄົນສູງອາຍຸ ມີພຽງແຕ່ 6% ນັ້ນ ສະແດງວ່າຄົນລາວມີອາຍຸຍືນສະເລ່ຍ ຕ່ຳ 64 ປີ (ຊາຍ 66 ປີ ແລະ ຍິງ 63 ປີ). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານເພດ"><span id=".E0.BB.82.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.AA.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.94.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.9E.E0.BA.94"></span>ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານເພດ</h4></div> <p>ຕາມຕົວເລກຂອງຈຳນວນປະຊາກອນລາວ ໃນປີ 2008 ເພດຍິງມີຈຳນວນຫຼາຍເຖິງ 3.007.339 ຄົນ ເຊິ່ງເທົ່າກັບ 50.11% ແລະ ເພດຊາຍ 2.993.041 ຄົນ ເທົ່າກັບ 49.81% </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານອາຊີບ"><span id=".E0.BB.82.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.AA.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.94.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.B5.E0.BA.9A"></span>ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານອາຊີບ</h4></div> <p>ກຸ່ມຄົນທີ່ຢູ່ໃນໄວອອກແຮງງານ ຫຼື ໄວກຳລັງແຮງງານ ແມ່ນກຸ່ມຄົນຜູ້ມີອາຍຸແຕ່ 15 ຫາ 60 ປີ ເຊ່ິງກວມເອົາອັດຕາເຖິງ 56.5% ຂອງພົນລະເມືອງລາວທັງໝົດ. ໃນຈຳນວນຜູ້ອອກແຮງງານທັງໝົດນັ້ນ, ເຫັນວ່າຜູ້ຜະລິດ ໂດຍກົງ ກວມເອົາອັດຕາສ່ວນຫຼາຍກວ່າໝູ່ ເຊ່ິງໃນນັ້ນ ຊາວກະສິກອນມີ 85% ແລະ ກຳມະກອນ-ວິສາວະກອນ ມີ 9%. ສ່ວນທີ່ເຫຼືອນັ້ນແມ່ນຜູ້ຜະລິດໂດຍທາງອ້ອມ (ພະນັກງານບໍລິຫານ, ຜູ້ບໍລິການ, ສຶກສາ, ວັດທະນະທຳ, ສາທາລະນະສຸກ) ແລະ ພາກສ່ວນທີ່ບໍ່ມີອາຊີບແນ່ນອນ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານຊົນເຜົ່າ"><span id=".E0.BB.82.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.AA.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.94.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.8A.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.99.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.9C.E0.BA.BB.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.B2"></span><b>ໂຄງສ້າງດ້ານຊົນເຜົ່າ</b></h4></div> <ul><li>ໃນປັດຈຸບັນ ສປປ ລາວ ມີ 1 ຊົນຊາດ ຄື ຊາດລາວ, ມີ 50 ຊົນເຜົ່າ(ໃນກອງປະຊຸມສະໄໝສາມັນເທື່ອທີ່6 ຂອງສະພາແຫ່ງຊາດຊຸດທີ່8 ໄດ້ຮັບຮອງ ຊົນເຜົ່າບຣູ ເປັນທາງການ ຊຶ່ງໄດ້ຈຳນວນຊົນເຜົ່າໃນ ສປປ ລາວ ໄດ້ເພີ່ມຈາກ 49 ມາເປັນ 50 ເຜົ່າ ໃນປະຈຸບັນ) ແລະ ມີ 4 ໝວດພາສາ ມີດັ່ງນີ້:</li> <li>ໝວດທີ່ໃຊ້ພາສາຕະກູນ ລາວ-ໄຕ ຄື: <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7_(%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2)" title="ລາວ (ຊົນເຜົ່າ)">ລາວ</a>, ຜູ້ໄທ, ພວນ, ໄທດຳ, ໄທຂາວ, ລື້, ຍວນ, ແຊກ, ເມີ້ຍ, ກະດາບ, ຢັ້ງ, ໂຢ້ຍ, ຍໍ. ບັນດາຊົນເຜົ່າເຫຼົ່ານີ້ ສ່ວນຫຼາຍອາໄສຢູ່ຕາມເຂດລ້ອງແມ່ນ້ຳສາຍ.</li></ul> <p>ຕ່າງໆ. ເປັນຕົ້ນແມ່ນລ້ອງ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E2%80%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ</a> ໂດຍກວມເອົາ 55% ຂອງຈຳນວນພົນລະເມືອງທັງໝົດໃນທົ່ວປະເທດ. </p> <ul><li>ໝວດທີ່ໃຊ້ພາສາຕະກູນ ມອນ-ຂະແມ: ປະກອບດ້ວຍເຜົ່າຂະມຸ(ກືມມຸ), ລະເມດ, ລະເວນ, ລະແວ, ສ່ວຍ, ມະກອງ, ປະໂກະ, ແຍະ, ຍະເຫີນ, ເຈັງ, ສະລັກ, ຕະໂອ້ຍ,ເມ່ືອງ (ມອນ), ຕຸມ, ສະລາງ, ຕີ, ສີລາ, ງວນ, ງີ້ວ ເຊິ່ງກວມອັດຕາສ່ວນ 27% ຂອງຈຳນວນປະຊາກອນທັງໝົດ ແລະ ອາໄສຢູ່ພູພຽງທາງພາກໃຕ້ ແລະ ຢູ່ລຽບສາຍພູຫຼວງເປັນສ່ວນຫຼາຍ.</li> <li>ໝວດທີ່ໃຊ້ພາສາຕະກູນ ມົ້ງ-ຢ້າວ: ເຜົ່າມົ້ງ (ຂາວ, ດຳ, ລາຍ, ແດງ), ຢ້າວ, ແລນແຕນ, ອາຂາ, ປີລູ, ໂອມາ, ເອີຢາ, ລູມາ. ເຊິ່ງອາໄສຢູ່ພູສູງທາງພາກເໜືອເປັນສ່ວນຫຼາຍ.</li> <li>ໝວດທີ່ໃຊ້ພາສາຕະກູນ ຈີນ-ຕິເບດ: ກໍ້, ກຸ່ຍ, ສີດາ, ພູນ້ອຍ,ມູເຊີ, ຮາຍີ, ໂລໂລ, ຫໍ້. ເຊິ່ງອາໄສຢູ່ບັນດາແຂວງພາກເໜືອ ໂດຍສະເພາະແມ່ນບັນດາແຂວງທີ່ມີຊາຍແດນຕິດກັບຈີນ ແລະ ມຽນມາ (ຜົ້ງສາລີ, ຫຼວງນ້ຳທາ, ອຸດົມໄຊ, ຫົວພັນ).</li></ul> <p>ນອກຈາກ 4 ໝວດພາສາດັ່ງກ່າວແລ້ວ ພົນລະເມືອງລາວຍັງປະກອບດ້ວຍຊາວຕ່າງດ້າວອີກຈຳນວນໜຶ່ງເຊັ່ນ: ຫວຽດນາມ,ຈີນ, ໄທ, ອິນເດຍ. ເປັນຕົ້ນ ເຊິ່ງສ່ວນຫຼາຍອາໄສຢູ່ຕາມຕົວເມືອງໃຫຍ່ ແລະ ມາຮອດ ປັດຈຸບັນ ຈຳນວນໜຶ່ງກໍໄດ້ປ່ຽນສັນຊາດ ເປັນພົນລະເມືອງລາວຢ່າງຖາວອນແລ້ວ. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Laos,_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_(en-abc)_-_monochrome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Laos%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_%28en-abc%29_-_monochrome.svg/370px-Laos%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_%28en-abc%29_-_monochrome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="370" height="435" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Laos%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_%28en-abc%29_-_monochrome.svg/555px-Laos%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_%28en-abc%29_-_monochrome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Laos%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_%28en-abc%29_-_monochrome.svg/740px-Laos%2C_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_%28en-abc%29_-_monochrome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a><figcaption>ຊື່ແຂວງ</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>ຈໍານວນ </th> <th>ຊື່ແຂວງ </th> <th>ເນື້ອທີ່<br />ກມ² </th> <th>ຈຳນວນ<br />ປະຊາກອນ </th> <th>ຍິງ </th> <th>ຊາຍ </th> <th>ຄວາມໜາແໜ້ນ<br />ຄົນ/ກມ² </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B7" title="ແຂວງອັດຕະປື">ອັດຕະປື</a> </td> <td>10.320 </td> <td>121.134 </td> <td>61.740 </td> <td>59.394 </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A7" title="ແຂວງບໍ່ແກ້ວ">ບໍ່ແກ້ວ</a> </td> <td>6.196 </td> <td>157.422 </td> <td>79.116 </td> <td>78.306 </td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%84%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ແຂວງບໍລິຄໍາໄຊ">ບໍລິຄຳໄຊ</a> </td> <td>14.863 </td> <td>248.378 </td> <td>122.738 </td> <td>125.641 </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ແຂວງຈໍາປາສັກ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຈຳປາສັກ</a> </td> <td>15.415 </td> <td>634.756 </td> <td>319.886 </td> <td>314.870 </td> <td>41 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ແຂວງຫົວພັນ">ຫົວພັນ</a> </td> <td>16.500 </td> <td>302.809 </td> <td>150.095 </td> <td>152.714 </td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ແຂວງຄໍາມ່ວນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຄໍາມ່ວນ</a> </td> <td>16.315 </td> <td>360.304 </td> <td>183.070 </td> <td>177.234 </td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ແຂວງຫຼວງນໍ້າທາ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຫຼວງນ້ຳທາ</a> </td> <td>9.325 </td> <td>156.667 </td> <td>79.109 </td> <td>77.558 </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ແຂວງຫຼວງພະບາງ">ຫຼວງພະບາງ</a> </td> <td>16.875 </td> <td>431.439 </td> <td>215.440 </td> <td>215.999 </td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A" title="ແຂວງອຸດົມໄຊ">ອຸດົມໄຊ</a> </td> <td>15.370 </td> <td>285.874 </td> <td>143.161 </td> <td>142.713 </td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5" title="ແຂວງຜົ້ງສາລີ">ຜົ້ງສາລີ</a> </td> <td>16.270 </td> <td>172.286 </td> <td>85.830 </td> <td>86.456 </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5" title="ແຂວງໄຊຍະບູລີ">ໄຊຍະບູລີ</a> </td> <td>16.839 </td> <td>360.195 </td> <td>178.301 </td> <td>181.893 </td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ແຂວງສາລະວັນ">ສາລະວັນ</a> </td> <td>10.691 </td> <td>349.478 </td> <td>177.856 </td> <td>171.622 </td> <td>33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%94" title="ແຂວງສະຫວັນນະເຂດ">ສະຫວັນນະເຂດ</a> </td> <td>21.774 </td> <td>874.660 </td> <td>442.866 </td> <td>431.794 </td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87" title="ແຂວງເຊກອງ">ເຊກອງ</a> </td> <td>7.665 </td> <td>92.624 </td> <td>46.749 </td> <td>45.830 </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ">ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ</a> </td> <td>3.920 </td> <td>740.010 </td> <td>370.293 </td> <td>369.717 </td> <td>189 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ">ວຽງຈັນ</a> </td> <td>22.554 </td> <td>454.660 </td> <td>223.392 </td> <td>231.269 </td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ແຂວງຊຽງຂວາງ">ຊຽງຂວາງ</a> </td> <td>16.358 </td> <td>257.683 </td> <td>127.652 </td> <td>130.031 </td> <td>16 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ແຂວງທີ່ມີປະຊາກອນຫຼາຍກວ່າໝູ່ແມ່ນ ແຂວງສະຫວັນນະເຂດ (874.660 ຄົນ), ແຂວງທີ່ມີປະຊາກອນໜ້ອຍກວ່າໝູ່ແມ່ນ ແຂວງເຊກອງ (92.624 ຄົນ, ແຂວງທີ່ມີອັດຕາຄວາມໜາແໜ້ນ ສະເລ່ຍຫຼາຍກ່ວາໝູ່ແມ່ນ ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ (189ຄົນ/ກມ²), ແຂວງທີ່ມີອັດຕາຄວາມໜາແໜ້ນໜ້ອຍກວ່າໝູ່ແມ່ນ ແຂວງຜົ້ງສາລີ (11ຄົນ/ກມ²), ແຂວງທີ່ມີເນື້ອທີ່ຫຼາຍກວ່າໝູ່ແມ່ນແຂວງວຽງຈັນ (22.554 ກມ²) ແລະ ແຂວງທີ່ມີເນື້ອທີ່ໜ້ອຍກວ່າໝູ່ແມ່ນ ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ (3.920 ກມ²). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ພາສາ"><span id=".E0.BA.9E.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B2"></span>ພາສາ</h3></div> <div class="hatnote">ເບິ່ງຕື່ມຢູ່ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ພາສາລາວ">ພາສາລາວ</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Lao_schoolbook_with_illustrated_lao_alphabet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lao_schoolbook_with_illustrated_lao_alphabet.jpg/220px-Lao_schoolbook_with_illustrated_lao_alphabet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lao_schoolbook_with_illustrated_lao_alphabet.jpg/330px-Lao_schoolbook_with_illustrated_lao_alphabet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Lao_schoolbook_with_illustrated_lao_alphabet.jpg/440px-Lao_schoolbook_with_illustrated_lao_alphabet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>ປື້ມຕົວອັກສອນລາວ</figcaption></figure> <p>ພາສາລາວ<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>ແມ່ນພາສາທາງການຂອງ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%9B_%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສປປ ລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ປະເທດສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ</a> ເປັນພາສາແມ່ຂອງຊົນຊາດລາວ ແລະ ຊົນເຊື້ອສາຍອື່ນໃນປະເທດລາວ ພາສາລາວມີວັນນະຍຸດ ມີຄວາມສຳພັນຄ້າຍຄຽງກັບພາສາພາກຕາເວັນອອກສຽງເໜືອ( ອີສານ ) ຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97" title="ປະເທດໄທ">ປະເທດໄທ</a> ລະບົບການຂຽນຈະໃຊ້ ຕົວອັກສອນລາວເຊິ່ງເປັນລະບົບອັກສອນສະຫຼະປະກອບ (ລະບົບການນຂຽນ ທີ່ປະກອບດ້ວຍສັນຍາລັກແທນພະຍັນຊະນະ ແລະ ຕິດຕາມດ້ວຍສະຫຼະທີ່ຈະຢູ່ທາງໜ້າ ທາງຫຼຼັງ ທາງເທິງ ທາງລຸ່ມ ຂອງພະຍັນຊະນະ) ແລະ ມີຄວາມສຳພັນໃກ້ຊິດກັບພາສາໄທ. ພາສາລາວແມ່ນ ພາສາໃນກຸ່ມພາສາລາວ-ໄຕ ອັນເປັນກຸ່ມຍ່ອຍຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97-%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ຕະກູນພາສາໄທ-ກະໄດ">ຕະກູນພາສາໄທ-ກະໄດ</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ຄວາມເປັນມາຂອງພາສາລາວ"><span id=".E0.BA.84.E0.BA.A7.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.A1.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.82.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.9E.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.A7"></span>ຄວາມເປັນມາຂອງພາສາລາວ</h4></div> <p>ພາສາລາວສືບຖອດມາຈາກ ພາສາໄຕ ຢູ່ພາກໃຕ້ຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຈີນ">ປະເທດຈີນ</a>ເຊິ່ງເປັນຈຸດດັ່ງເດີມຂອງຫຼາຍພາສາຕ່າງໆ ທີ່ຍັງໃຊ້ແລະເວົ້າຢູ່ໂດຍຫຼາຍຊົນເຜົ່າ. ເນື່ອງຈາກຖືກຄວາມກົດດັນຈາກການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວ ຂອງອານາຈັກຈີນ, ການບຸກລຸກຂອງ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊາວມົງໂກນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຊາວມົງໂກນ</a> ແລະ ການປູກຝັງທຳມາຫາກີນ, ຄົນໄຕໃດ້ຍົກຍ້າຍລົງມາພາກໃຕ້ ຕາມຮີມຝັ່ງ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E2%80%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ</a>. ການອົບພະຍົກຂອງ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊາວໄຕ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຊາວໄຕ</a>ກໍ່ໄດ້ມີກ່າວໄວ້ໃນຕຳນານຂອງເຈົ້າພະຍາ ຂຸນບູລົມລາຊາທິລາດ. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ພາສາລາວ">ພາສາລາວ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ອັກສອນລາວເດີມ">ອັກສອນລາວເດີມ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ອັກສອນລາວບູຮານ">ອັກສອນລາວບູຮານ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ສາສະໜາ"><span id=".E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B0.E0.BB.9C.E0.BA.B2"></span>ສາສະໜາ</h3></div> <p>ຄົນລາວສ່ວນຫຼາຍນັບຖື <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ສາສະໜາພຸດ">ສາສະໜາພຸດ</a> ນິກາຍຫິນະຍານ ເຊິ່ງເປັນສາສະໜາປະຈຳຊາດ (60% ຂອງປະຊາກອນທັງໝົດ) ຖັດຈາກ ສາສະໜາພຸດ ແມ່ນ ສາສະໜາ ບັນພະບູລຸດຂອງຊົນເຜົ່າມົ້ງ ຊຶ່ງກວມເອົາ ປະມານ 15% ໃນຂອບເຂດທົ່ວປະເທດ. ນອກຈາກນີ້ແລ້ວ ຍັງມີຊົນເຜົ່າກຸ່ມນ້ອຍອື່ນໆ ລວມທັງເຜົ່າລາວຈຳນວນໜຶ່ງ ນັບຖື<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ສາສະໜາຄິດ">ສາສະໜາຄິດ</a> ແລະ ອິສະລາມ ແຕ່ວ່າ ກວມເອົາອັດຕາສ່ວນໜ້ອຍຫຼາຍ. ສຳລັບ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ສາສະໜາຄິດ">ສາສະໜາຄິດ</a>ແລ້ວ, ສ່ວນຫຼາຍ ຈະມີຜູ້ນັບຖືເປັນກຸ່ມຄົນຫວຽດນາມ ທີ່ອົບພະຍົບເຂົ້າຢູ່ລາວ ແຕ່ສະໄໝສົງຄາມ, ສ່ວນ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ສາສະໜາອິສະລາມ">ສາສະໜາອິສະລາມ</a> ພົບວ່າມີການນັບຖືໃນໝູ່ຊົນເຜົ່າສ່ວນໜ້ອຍ (ຊົນເຜົ່າຫ້ໍ) ທີ່ອາໄສຕາມຊາຍແດນດ້ານຕິດກັບ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2" title="ປະເທດມຽນມາ">ປະເທດມຽນມາ</a> ແລະ ຊຸມຊົນ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ມຸສະລິມ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ມຸສະລິມ</a>ທີ່ມີເສື້ອສາຍ ອາຊີໃຕ້ ແລະ ຈາມໃນ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ">ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2" title="ສາສະໜາ">ສາສະໜາ</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ສາສະໜາພຸດ">ສາສະໜາພຸດ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ນິກາຍເຖລະວາດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ນິກາຍເຖລະວາດ</a> 60% </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ວັດທະນະທຳ"><span id=".E0.BA.A7.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.94.E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B3"></span>ວັດທະນະທຳ</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2" title="ພຸດທະສາສະໜາ">ພຸດທະສາສະໜາ</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ນິກາຍເຖລະວາດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ນິກາຍເຖລະວາດ</a> ນັບເປັນແບບແຜນຫຼັກຂອງວັດທະນະທຳລາວ ເຊິ່ງປາກົດໃຫ້ເຫັນທົ່ວປະເທດ ທັງໃນດ້ານພາສາ ແລະ ສິລະປະ, ວັນນະຄະດີ, ສິລະປະການສະແດງ ຯລຯ ສຳຫຼັບດົນຕີລາວນັ້ນ ຍັງຄົງມີອິດທິພົນຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%99" title="ແຄນ">ແຄນ</a> ເຊິ່ງເປັນເຄື່ອງດົນຕີປະຈຳຊາດ ວົງດົນຕີຂອງລາວແມ່ນວົງໝໍລຳ ມີ ໝໍລຳ ແລະ ໝໍແຄນ ທຳນອງການຂັບຈະແຕກຕ່າງກັນໄປຕາມທ້ອງຖິ່ນ ທາງພາກເໜືອເອິ້ນວ່າ ຂັບ ພາກໃຕ້ຈາກ ບໍລິຄຳໄຊລົງໄປເອິ້ນວ່າ ລຳ ເຊ່ັນ: ຂັບງຶ່ມວຽງຈັນ, ຂັບພວນຊຽງຂວາງ, ລຳສາລະວັນຂອງແຂວງສະລະວັນ, ລຳພູໄທ, ລຳຕັງຫວາຍ, ລຳຄອນສະຫວັນ, ລຳບ້ານຊອກຂອງແຂວງສະຫວັນນະເຂດ, ລໍາໂສມ, ລຳສີພັນດອນຂອງແຂວງຈຳປາສັກ, ລຳມະຫາໄຊຂອງແຂວງຄຳມ່ວນ, ຂັບທຸ້ມຂອງແຂວງຫຼວງພະບາງ, ຂັບລື້ຂອງຊາວລື້ ເປັນຕົ້ນ ການແຕ່ງກາຍທີ່ເປັນເອກະລັກຢ່າງໜຶ່ງຂອງຄົນລາວແມ່ນ ຜູ້ຍິງຈະນຸ່ງສິ້ນ,ເກົ້າຜົມ,ບ່ຽງແພ. ອາຫານຂອງຄົນລາວຈະກິນເຂົ້າໜຽວເປັນຫຼັກ ອາຫານທີ່ເປັນເອກະລັກແມ່ນ: ແຈ່ວ, ຕຳໝາກຮຸ່ງ, ປິ້ງໄກ່, ສົ້ມປາ ເປ້ນຕົ້ນ. </p><p>ອະລິຍະທຳເກົ່າແກ່ຂອງລາວນັ້ນ ມີປາກົດຈາກຫຼັກຖານດ້ານບູຮານຄະດີຍຸກຫີນ ຢູ່ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ທົ່ງໄຫຫີນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ທົ່ງໄຫຫີນ</a><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ແຂວງຊຽງຂວາງ">ແຂວງຊຽງຂວາງ</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ແຄນລາວ_ມໍລະດົກໂລກ"><span id=".E0.BB.81.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.A7_.E0.BA.A1.E0.BB.8D.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.94.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.81.E0.BB.82.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.81"></span><b>ແຄນລາວ ມໍລະດົກໂລກ</b></h3></div> <p>ແຄນ ແມ່ນເຄື່ອງດົນຕີ ອຳມະຕະຂອງຊາວລາວ ເຊິ່ງເປັນສິ່ງຕິດພັນຢ່າງສະໜິດແໜ້ນກັບຊີວິດຂອງຄົນລາວ. ແຄນສາມາດກ່ອມອາລົມຄົນໃຫ້ມ່ວນ ແລະ ໃຫ້ຄວາມມ່ວນຊື່ນສຸກສັນໃນຍາມມີໄຊຊະນະ ແລະ ປະສົບຜົນສຳເລັດອັນ ແຄນຍັງກ່ອມຈິດໃຈໃຫ້ຄົນຄິດຮອດບ້ານເກົ່າເມືອງຫຼັງ ແລະ ເຮັກໃຫ້ຄິດຮອດບ້ານທີ່ເຄີຍພັກອາໄສ, ເຮັດໃຫ້ຄຶດຮອດອະດີດຜູ້ເຖົ້າຜູ້ແກ່ເມື່ອໄດ້ຟັງສຽງແຄນລາວຕ່າງໆ ເຊັ່ນ: ລຳສັ້ນ, ລຳລ່ອງ ແລະ ອື່ນໆ. ແຄນເປັນເຄື່ອງດົນຕີປະເພດໃຊ້ປາກເປົ່າດ້ວຍວິທີສູບລົມເຂົ້າ-ອອກຕາມຈັງຫວະ ແລະ ທຳນອງ ຫຼື ລາຍທີ່ໄດ້ກຳນົດໄວ້ຢ່າງຄັກແນ່. </p><p>ແຄນເຮັດດ້ວຍໄມ້ອໍ້ (ໄມ້ປາວ) ເຊິ່ງໄດ້ປະກອບດ້ວຍວັດຖຸ 4 ຢ່າງ ແມ່ນໄມ້ລູກແຄນ, ໄມ້ອໍ້ (ໄມ້ປາວ), ເຕົ້າແຄນ (ໄມ້ດູ່), ລີ້ນແຄນເຮັດດ້ວຍທອງ ຫຼື ເງີນສະເພາະຂີ້ສູດ ໃຊ້ໄວ້ຕິດຮູແຄນ. ແຄນມີ 4 ຊະນິດ ຄື: (1) ແຄນຫົກ ເປັນແຄນສຳ່ນ້ອຍເອີ້ນວ່າ ແຄນນ້ອຍ ຫຼື ແຄນສັ້ນ, ມີລູກແຄນຂ້າງລະ 3 ລູກ ມີ ສຽງນຳກັນ 5 ສຽງຄື ຟາ-ຊອນ-ລາ-ໂດ-ເຣ; (2) ແຄນເຈັດ ເປັນແຄນສຳ່ກາງມີລູກຂ້າງລະ 7 ລູກ, ແຄນສຳ່ກາງນິຍົມເປົ່າໃສ່ດົນຕີອື່ນໆ ມີສຽງນຳກັນ 7 ສຽງຄື: ໂດ-ເຣ-ມີ-ຟາ-ຊອນ-ລາ-ທີ; (3) ແຄນແປດ ເປັນແຄນສຳ່ກາງເຊິ່ງໃຫຍ່ກວ່າແຄນເຈັດໜ້ອຍໜຶ່ງ ໃຊ້ສຳລັບເປົ່າດ່ຽວໂດຍປະສົບປະສານກັບສຽງລຳ ແລະ ສຽງຂັບປະເພດຕ່າງໆ, ແຄນແປດເປັນແຄນທີ່ໝໍລຳນິຍົມຊົມໃຊ້ຫຼາຍກວ່າໝູ່; (4) ແຄນເກົ້າ ເປັນແຄນທີ່ມີລູກຂ້າງລະເກົ້າ ແຄນຊະນິດນີ້ແມ່ນແຄນທີ່ເພິ່ນນິຍົມຊົມໃຊ້ເປົ່າໃສ່ລຳໂສມ, ສີພັນດອນ, ລຳພື້ນເມືອງ, ລຳນິທານເກົ່າແກ່ ໃນປະຈຸບັນໝໍລຳບໍ່ມັກໃຊ້ກັນແລ້ວ ແຕ່ໃນບາງເຂດກໍມີການຂັບງັບບຸນປະເພນີດ້ວຍສຽງແຄນຢູ່. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ອາຫານລາວ"><span id=".E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.AB.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.A7"></span>ອາຫານລາວ</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Larb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Larb.jpg/250px-Larb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Larb.jpg/330px-Larb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Larb.jpg/500px-Larb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ລາບ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ລາບ</a>ເປັນອາຫານລາວທີ່ມີຊື່ສຽງທົ່ວໂລກ.</figcaption></figure> <div class="hatnote">ເບິ່ງຕື່ມຢູ່ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ອາຫານລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອາຫານລາວ</a></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ປາແດກ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ປາແດກ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%82%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ຂ່າ">ຂ່າ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%84" title="ຫົວສີໄຄ">ຫົວສີໄຄ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%94" title="ໝາກຂີ້ຫູດ">ໝາກຂີ້ຫູດ</a> ແມ່ນສ່ວນປະກອບທີ່ສຳຄັນໃນປຸງແຕ່ງອາຫານລາວ. ອາຫານລາວທີ່ມີຊື່ສຽງທີ່ສຸດແມ່ນ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ລາບ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ລາບ</a> ແລະ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B3%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຕຳໝາກຫຸ່ງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຕຳໝາກຫຸ່ງ</a>. ລາບ ເປັນອາຫານທີ່ມີການນຳ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊີ້ນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຊີ້ນ</a>ທີ່ຍັງດິບມາປະສົມເຂົ້າກັບ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຄື່ອງເທດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເຄື່ອງເທດ</a>, ສ່ວນ ຕຳໝາກຫຸ່ງ ເປັນອາຫານທີ່ນຳ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ໝາກຫຸ່ງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ໝາກຫຸ່ງ</a> ມາຕຳລົງພ້ອມ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ໝາກເຜັດ">ໝາກເຜັດ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A1" title="ຜັກທຽມ">ຜັກທຽມ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ໝາກເລັ່ນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ໝາກເລັ່ນ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ໝາກນາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ໝາກນາວ</a> ແລະອື່ນໆ. </p><p>ອາຫານລາວໄດ້ມີການພັດທະນາມາດົນນານ ພ້ອມກັບການຂະຫຍັບຂະຫຍາຍຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="ຊົນຊາດລາວ">ຊົນຊາດລາວ</a>ທີ່ໄດ້ຍ້າຍໄປກໍ່ຮ່າງສ້າງໂຕໃນທ້ອງຖິ່ນຕ່າງໆ ໃນ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%89" title="ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້">ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້</a>. ອາຫານລາວມີອິດທິພົນຕໍ່ຊົນຊາດໃກ້ຄຽງ ເຊັ່ນ ໃນ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ອາຫານໄທ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອາຫານໄທ</a>ປັດຈຸບັນກໍໄດ້ມີອາຫານລາວເປັນສ່ວນປະກອບນຳ ເຊັ່ນ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ລາບ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ລາບ</a> ໂດຍມີການບໍລິໂພກໂດຍຄົນເຊື້ອສາຍລາວທີ່ຢູ່ໃນ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ພາກຕາເວັນອອກສຽງເໜືອຂອງໄທ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ພາກຕາເວັນອອກສຽງເໜືອຂອງໄທ</a> ແລະນອກຈາກນີ້ ລາບ ກໍໄດ້ມີການເຜີຍແພ່ໄປຮອດພາກກາງຂອງໄທ ເຊັ່ນ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81" title="ບາງກອກ">ບາງກອກ</a> ຯລຯ ໂດຍມີການປຸງແຕ່ງທີ່ອາດຕ່າງຈາກລາບລາວແດ່. ໃນຂະນະດຽວກັນ ອາຫານລາວກໍໄດ້ຮັບອິດທິພົນຈາກຊົນຊາດລ້ອມຮອບຄືກັນ. ລາວໄດ້ຮັບວິທີ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ການຂົ້ວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ການຂົ້ວ</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ພາສາຈີນກາງ">ຈີນກາງ</a>: 炒 chǎo) ແລະ ອາຫານຈຳພວກເຂົ້າເສັ້ນເຊັ່ນ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%B5" title="ເຝີ">ເຝີ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຂົ້າຊອຍ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເຂົ້າຊອຍ</a> ຈາກ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊາວຈີນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຊາວຈີນ</a> ແລະ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊາວຫວຽດນາມ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຊາວຫວຽດນາມ</a> (ເຊິ່ງກໍໄດ້ຮັບອິດທິພົນຈາກຊາວຈີນຄືກັນ). ນອກຈາກນີ້ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ອາຫານຕາເວັນຕົກ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອາຫານຕາເວັນຕົກ</a>ກໍໄດ້ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມໃນພັດທະນາການຂອງອາຫານລາວຄືກັນ. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ໝາກເຜັດ">ໝາກເຜັດ</a>ເປັນສິ່ງນຶ່ງທີ່<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຊາວປອກຕຸຍການ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຊາວປອກຕຸຍການ</a>ໄດ້ນຳເຂົ້າມາໃນອະດີດ. ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປະເທດລາວເປັນຫົວເມືອງຂອງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ປະເທດຝະລັ່ງ">ຝະລັ່ງ</a>ກໍໄດ້ມີການບໍລິໂພກ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຂົ້າຈີ້ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເຂົ້າຈີ້</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ກະແລັມ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກະແລັມ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ແວງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແວງ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%87" title="ເນີຍແຂງ">ເນີຍແຂງ</a> ຯລຯ ແລະອາຫານຕາເວັນຕົກຫຼາຍຂຶ້ນ. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1" title="ເຄື່ອງດື່ມ">ເຄື່ອງດື່ມ</a>ຫຼັກທີ່ນິຍົມຊົມຊື່ນໃນປະເທດລາວມັກຂຶ້ນຢູ່ກັບອາຍຸຂອງຜູ້ບໍລິໂພກ. ໄວລຸ້ນໜຸ່ມລາວນິຍົມດື່ມ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B3%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%89" title="ນ້ຳເຕົ້າຮູ້">ນ້ຳເຕົ້າຮູ້</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ເຊິ່ງເປັນເຄື່ອງດື່ມທີ່ຜະລິດຈາກໝາກຖົ່ວເຫຼືອງ. ສ່ວນເຄື່ອງດື່ມມຶນເມົາທີ່ຂຶ້ນຊື່ລືຊາໃນປະເທດແມ່ນ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ເບຍລາວ">ເບຍລາວ</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ເຊິ່ງເປັນ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%8D" title="ເບຍ">ເບຍ</a>ທີ່ຜະລິດໃນປະເທດລາວ. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Pha_That_Luang_Vientiane_Laos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pha_That_Luang_Vientiane_Laos.jpg/220px-Pha_That_Luang_Vientiane_Laos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pha_That_Luang_Vientiane_Laos.jpg/330px-Pha_That_Luang_Vientiane_Laos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pha_That_Luang_Vientiane_Laos.jpg/440px-Pha_That_Luang_Vientiane_Laos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ພະທາດຫຼວງ">ພະທາດຫຼວງ</a><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ">ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ</a><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>ສາສະໜາສະຖານທີ່ສຳຄັນທີ່ສຸດໃນສປປ ລາວ</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Place_PassChongMek_Laoside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Place_PassChongMek_Laoside.jpg/250px-Place_PassChongMek_Laoside.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Place_PassChongMek_Laoside.jpg/330px-Place_PassChongMek_Laoside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Place_PassChongMek_Laoside.jpg/500px-Place_PassChongMek_Laoside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>ດ່ານຊ່ອງເມັກ ຊາຍແດນລາວ-ໄທ</figcaption></figure> <p>ສະບາຍດີທຸກໆ ທ່ານ ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າເຫັນດີນຳຄຳວ່າອາຫານລາວ ແຕ່ວ່າຢາກມີຄຳເຫັນຢູ່ບ່ອນວ່າ "ຮູບພາບ ທີ່ບອກວ່າລາບ ນັ້ນ ໃນຈານບໍ່ແມ່ນລາບ ເພາະວ່າ ມີນໍ້າຫຼາຍໂພດ ແລະ ອອກແນວແບບຕ່າງປະເທດໂພດ ຖ້າເປັນລາບຂອງຄົນລາວ ຄົນລາວ ຕ້ອງເບີ່ງອອກໂລດ" ຂອບໃຈ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ການແບ່ງເຂດການປົກຄອງ"><span id=".E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BB.81.E0.BA.9A.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.87.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.82.E0.BA.94.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.87"></span>ການແບ່ງເຂດການປົກຄອງ</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r96922" /><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ບົດຄວາມນີ້ຂາດ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:ການອ້າງອີງແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ">ການອ້າງອີງ</a>ຈາກ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:ການພິສູດຢັ້ງຢືນໄດ້ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງຫຼືແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນ</a></b>. ກະລຸນາຊ່ອຍ<a class="external text" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit">ພັດທະນາບົດຄວາມນີ້</a>ໂດຍຕື່ມ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:RS (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນເປັນຕາເຊື່ອຖື</a>. ເນື້ອຫາເຊິ່ງຂາດການອ້າງອີງອາດຖືກຄັດຄ້ານຫຼືນຳອອກ</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">ເບິ່ງບົດຄວາມຫຼັກທີ່: <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ແຂວງຂອງປະເທດລາວ">ແຂວງຂອງປະເທດລາວ</a></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Laos,_administrative_divisions_-_lo_-_colored.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="ພະແນກການປົກຄອງລາວ"><img alt="ພະແນກການປົກຄອງລາວ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Laos%2C_administrative_divisions_-_lo_-_colored.svg/350px-Laos%2C_administrative_divisions_-_lo_-_colored.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="412" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Laos%2C_administrative_divisions_-_lo_-_colored.svg/525px-Laos%2C_administrative_divisions_-_lo_-_colored.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Laos%2C_administrative_divisions_-_lo_-_colored.svg/700px-Laos%2C_administrative_divisions_-_lo_-_colored.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table style="float:left;"> <tbody><tr> <td><big><b>ຕາຕະລາງຂໍ້ມູນ,ແຂວງ,ພົນລະເມືອງລາວ ຄ.ສ.</b></big> 2020 <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;"> <th>ແຜນທີ່ </th> <th>ແຂວງ </th> <th>ເມືອງເອກ </th> <th>ເນື້່ອທີ່ <br /> </th> <th>ພົນລະເມືອງ (2015) </th> <th>ພົນລະເມືອງ (2018)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>ພົນລະເມືອງ (2020) ຄາດຄະເນ </th> <th>ຄວາມໜາແໜ້ນຂອງພົນລະເມືອງ<br />(ຄົນຕໍ່km2) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Khammouane_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Khammouane_Province-Laos.svg/120px-Khammouane_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Khammouane_Province-Laos.svg/250px-Khammouane_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>01. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%84%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ແຂວງຄໍາມ່ວນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແຂວງຄໍາມ່ວນ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%81" title="ທ່າແຂກ">ທ່າແຂກ</a> </td> <td>16,315 </td> <td>392,100 </td> <td>420,950 </td> <td>433,570 </td> <td>26.57 </td> <td>LA-KH </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Champasak_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Champasak_Province-Laos.svg/90px-Champasak_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Champasak_Province-Laos.svg/135px-Champasak_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Champasak_Province-Laos.svg/180px-Champasak_Province-Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>02. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ແຂວງຈໍາປາສັກ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແຂວງຈໍາປາສັກ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ປາກເຊ">ປາກເຊ</a> </td> <td>15,415 </td> <td>694,000 </td> <td>733,582 </td> <td>752,688 </td> <td>48.83 </td> <td>LA- CH </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Salavan_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Salavan_Province-Laos.svg/120px-Salavan_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Salavan_Province-Laos.svg/250px-Salavan_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>03. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ແຂວງສາລະວັນ">ແຂວງສາລະວັນ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເມືອງສາລະວັນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເມືອງສາລະວັນ</a> </td> <td>10,691 </td> <td>397,000 </td> <td>426,991 </td> <td>442,200 </td> <td>41.39 </td> <td>LA-SL </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Savannakhet_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Savannakhet_Province-Laos.svg/90px-Savannakhet_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Savannakhet_Province-Laos.svg/135px-Savannakhet_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Savannakhet_Province-Laos.svg/180px-Savannakhet_Province-Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>04. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%94" title="ແຂວງສະຫວັນນະເຂດ">ແຂວງສະຫວັນນະເຂດ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%80%8B%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ໄກສອນພົມວິຫານ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ໄກສອນພົມວິຫານ</a> </td> <td>21,774 </td> <td>969,700 </td> <td>1,037,553 </td> <td>1,070,035 </td> <td>49.14 </td> <td>LA-SV </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Xiangkhouang_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Xiangkhouang_Province-Laos.svg/90px-Xiangkhouang_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Xiangkhouang_Province-Laos.svg/135px-Xiangkhouang_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Xiangkhouang_Province-Laos.svg/180px-Xiangkhouang_Province-Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>05. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ແຂວງຊຽງຂວາງ">ແຂວງຊຽງຂວາງ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ໂພນສະຫວັນ">ໂພນສະຫວັນ</a> </td> <td>14,751 </td> <td>244,100 </td> <td>261,686 </td> <td>267,172 </td> <td>18.11 </td> <td>LA-XI </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Sainyabuli_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sainyabuli_Province-Laos.svg/120px-Sainyabuli_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sainyabuli_Province-Laos.svg/250px-Sainyabuli_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>06. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5" title="ແຂວງໄຊຍະບູລີ">ແຂວງໄຊຍະບູລີ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="ໄຊຍະບູລີ">ໄຊຍະບູລີ</a> </td> <td>16,389 </td> <td>381,300 </td> <td>411,893 </td> <td>423,496 </td> <td>25.84 </td> <td>LA-XA </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Xaisomboun_Province_in_Laos_2013.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Xaisomboun_Province_in_Laos_2013.svg/120px-Xaisomboun_Province_in_Laos_2013.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Xaisomboun_Province_in_Laos_2013.svg/250px-Xaisomboun_Province_in_Laos_2013.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>07. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99" title="ແຂວງໄຊສົມບູນ">ແຂວງໄຊສົມບູນ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ອະນຸວົງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອະນຸວົງ</a> </td> <td>8,551 </td> <td>85,200 </td> <td>102,041 </td> <td>107,926 </td> <td>12.62 </td> <td>LA-XS </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Sekong_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sekong_Province-Laos.svg/120px-Sekong_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sekong_Province-Laos.svg/250px-Sekong_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>08. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87" title="ແຂວງເຊກອງ">ແຂວງເຊກອງ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ເຊກອງ">ເຊກອງ</a> </td> <td>7,665 </td> <td>113,200 </td> <td>124,570 </td> <td>129,398 </td> <td>16.88 </td> <td>LA-XE </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Bolikhamsai_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bolikhamsai_Province-Laos.svg/90px-Bolikhamsai_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bolikhamsai_Province-Laos.svg/135px-Bolikhamsai_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Bolikhamsai_Province-Laos.svg/180px-Bolikhamsai_Province-Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>09. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%84%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ແຂວງບໍລິຄໍາໄຊ">ແຂວງບໍລິຄໍາໄຊ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ປາກຊັນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ປາກຊັນ</a> </td> <td>14,863 </td> <td>237,700 </td> <td>303,794 </td> <td>315,956 </td> <td>21.19 </td> <td>LA-BL </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Bokeo_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bokeo_Province-Laos.svg/90px-Bokeo_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bokeo_Province-Laos.svg/135px-Bokeo_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Bokeo_Province-Laos.svg/180px-Bokeo_Province-Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>10. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A7" title="ແຂວງບໍ່ແກ້ວ">ແຂວງບໍ່ແກ້ວ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຫ້ວຍຊາຍ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຫ້ວຍຊາຍ</a> </td> <td>6,196 </td> <td>179,300 </td> <td>196,641 </td> <td>203,468 </td> <td>32.84 </td> <td>LA-BK </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Ph%C3%B4ngsali_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ph%C3%B4ngsali_Province-Laos.svg/90px-Ph%C3%B4ngsali_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ph%C3%B4ngsali_Province-Laos.svg/135px-Ph%C3%B4ngsali_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ph%C3%B4ngsali_Province-Laos.svg/180px-Ph%C3%B4ngsali_Province-Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>11. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5" title="ແຂວງຜົ້ງສາລີ">ແຂວງຜົ້ງສາລີ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="ຜົ້ງສາລີ">ຜົ້ງສາລີ</a> </td> <td>16,270 </td> <td>178,000 </td> <td>189,777 </td> <td>193,145 </td> <td>11.87 </td> <td>LA-PH </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Laos_Provinces_Luang_Namtha.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Laos_Provinces_Luang_Namtha.svg/90px-Laos_Provinces_Luang_Namtha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Laos_Provinces_Luang_Namtha.svg/135px-Laos_Provinces_Luang_Namtha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Laos_Provinces_Luang_Namtha.svg/180px-Laos_Provinces_Luang_Namtha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>12. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ແຂວງຫຼວງນ້ຳທາ">ແຂວງຫຼວງນ້ຳທາ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ຫຼວງນ້ຳທາ">ຫຼວງນ້ຳທາ</a> </td> <td>9,325 </td> <td>175,700 </td> <td>192,392 </td> <td>199,090 </td> <td>21.35 </td> <td>LA-LM </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Luang_Prabang_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Luang_Prabang_Province-Laos.svg/90px-Luang_Prabang_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Luang_Prabang_Province-Laos.svg/135px-Luang_Prabang_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Luang_Prabang_Province-Laos.svg/180px-Luang_Prabang_Province-Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>13. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ແຂວງຫຼວງພະບາງ">ແຂວງຫຼວງພະບາງ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ຫຼວງພະບາງ">ຫຼວງພະບາງ</a> </td> <td>16,875 </td> <td>431,900 </td> <td>459,189 </td> <td>467,157 </td> <td>27.68 </td> <td>LA-LP </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Vientiane_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vientiane_Province-Laos.svg/90px-Vientiane_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vientiane_Province-Laos.svg/135px-Vientiane_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Vientiane_Province-Laos.svg/180px-Vientiane_Province-Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>14. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ">ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ໂພນໂຮງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ໂພນໂຮງ</a> </td> <td>15,610 </td> <td>419,100 </td> <td>450,475 </td> <td>462,142 </td> <td>29.61 </td> <td>LA-VI </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Houaphanh_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Houaphanh_Province-Laos.svg/90px-Houaphanh_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Houaphanh_Province-Laos.svg/135px-Houaphanh_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Houaphanh_Province-Laos.svg/180px-Houaphanh_Province-Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>15. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ແຂວງຫົວພັນ">ແຂວງຫົວພັນ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B3%E0%BB%80%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD" title="ຊຳເໜືອ">ຊຳເໜືອ</a> </td> <td>16,500 </td> <td>289,400 </td> <td>306,247 </td> <td>310,976 </td> <td>18.85 </td> <td>LA-HO </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Attapeu_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Attapeu_Province-Laos.svg/90px-Attapeu_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Attapeu_Province-Laos.svg/135px-Attapeu_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Attapeu_Province-Laos.svg/180px-Attapeu_Province-Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>16. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B7" title="ແຂວງອັດຕະປື">ແຂວງອັດຕະປື</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="ອັດຕະປື">ອັດຕະປື</a> </td> <td>10,320 </td> <td>139,600 </td> <td>153,656 </td> <td>159,885 </td> <td>15.49 </td> <td>LA-AT </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Oudomxay_Province-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Oudomxay_Province-Laos.svg/120px-Oudomxay_Province-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Oudomxay_Province-Laos.svg/250px-Oudomxay_Province-Laos.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>17. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A" title="ແຂວງອຸດົມໄຊ">ແຂວງອຸດົມໄຊ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເມືອງໄຊ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເມືອງໄຊ</a> </td> <td>15,370 </td> <td>307,600 </td> <td>334,702 </td> <td>345,425 </td> <td>22.47 </td> <td>LA-OU </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Vientiane_Prefecture-Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vientiane_Prefecture-Laos.svg/90px-Vientiane_Prefecture-Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vientiane_Prefecture-Laos.svg/135px-Vientiane_Prefecture-Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Vientiane_Prefecture-Laos.svg/180px-Vientiane_Prefecture-Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="2307" /></a></span> </td> <td>18. <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ">ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ຈັນທະບູລີ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ຈັນທະບູລີ</a> </td> <td>3,920 </td> <td>820,900 </td> <td>906,859 </td> <td>948,447 </td> <td>242.0 </td> <td>LA-VT </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><b>ໂດຍແບ່ງອອກເປັນຍິງ ແລະ ຊາຍ</b></li></ul> <p><b>ຊາຍ:</b>3,622,983ຄົນ<sup id="cite_ref-ຄາດຄະເນພົນລະເມືອງລາວປີ2020(ກົມສະຖິຕິສູນສະຖິຕິແຫ່ງຊາດ_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ຄາດຄະເນພົນລະເມືອງລາວປີ2020(ກົມສະຖິຕິສູນສະຖິຕິແຫ່ງຊາດ-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>ຍິງ:</b>3,608,170ຄົນ<sup id="cite_ref-ຄາດຄະເນພົນລະເມືອງລາວປີ2018(ກົມສະຖິຕິສູນສະຖິຕິແຫ່ງຊາດ_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ຄາດຄະເນພົນລະເມືອງລາວປີ2018(ກົມສະຖິຕິສູນສະຖິຕິແຫ່ງຊາດ-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>ລວມທັງໝົດ</b>:7,231,153ຄົນ<sup id="cite_ref-ຄາດຄະເນພົນລະເມືອງລາວປີ2018(ກົມສະຖິຕິສູນສະຖິຕິແຫ່ງຊາດ_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ຄາດຄະເນພົນລະເມືອງລາວປີ2018(ກົມສະຖິຕິສູນສະຖິຕິແຫ່ງຊາດ-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>ຈາກການສຳຫລວດສຳໂນຄົວ</b>,</li></ul> <p>ໃນວັນທີ່ 27 ກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 2006 ໄດ້ມີການຍຸບ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເຂດພິເສດໄຊສົມບູນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເຂດພິເສດໄຊສົມບູນ</a> ໝາຍເລກ 13 ໃນແຜນທີ່ ຢ່າງເປັນທາງການ ອີງຕາມດຳລັດນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີທີ 10/ນຍ. ລົງວັນທີ່ 13 ມັງກອນ ຄ.ສ. 2006 ໂດຍເມືອງທ່າໂທມ ຖືກລວມເຂົ້າກັບ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ແຂວງຊຽງຂວາງ">ແຂວງຊຽງຂວາງ</a> ແລະ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເມືອງໄຊສົມບູນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເມືອງໄຊສົມບູນ</a> ຖືກລວມເຂົ້າກັບ <a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ">ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ</a>. </p><p>ຕໍ່ມາໃນວັນທີ 31 ທັນວາ ປີ2013 ໄດ້ຈັດຕັ້ງແຂວງໃໝ່ໃນບໍລິເວນທີ່ເຄີຍເປັນເຂດພິເສດໄຊສົມບູນ ກັບສອງໝູ່ບ້ານຈາກເມືອງວັງວຽງໃນແຂວງວຽງຈັນ ໂດຍໃສ່ຊື່ວ່າ "ແຂວງໄຊສົມບູນ" ມີ 5 ເມືອງໄດ້ແກ່ ເມືອງອານຸວົງ (ຊື່ເກົ່າ: ໄຊສົມບູນ), ເມືອງຫົ່ມ,ເມືອງທ່າໂທມ,ເມືອງລ້ອງຊານ, ເມືອງລອງແຈ້ງ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ວັນສຳຄັນ"><span id=".E0.BA.A7.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B3.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.99"></span>ວັນສຳຄັນ</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Laos-10-228_(8686967342).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Laos-10-228_%288686967342%29.jpg/220px-Laos-10-228_%288686967342%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Laos-10-228_%288686967342%29.jpg/330px-Laos-10-228_%288686967342%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Laos-10-228_%288686967342%29.jpg/440px-Laos-10-228_%288686967342%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>ວັນຊາດ 2 ທັນວາ</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Lao_New_Year_costumes_and_water_throwing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Lao_New_Year_costumes_and_water_throwing.jpg/220px-Lao_New_Year_costumes_and_water_throwing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Lao_New_Year_costumes_and_water_throwing.jpg/330px-Lao_New_Year_costumes_and_water_throwing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Lao_New_Year_costumes_and_water_throwing.jpg/440px-Lao_New_Year_costumes_and_water_throwing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>ວັນ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="ປີໃຫມ່ລາວ">ປີໃຫມ່ລາວ</a></figcaption></figure> <p>ໃນປະເທດລາວມີວັນພັກລັດຖະການ, ເທດສະການ ແລະ ພິທີຕ່າງໆເຊັ່ນ: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>ເທດສະການ ແລະ ວັນພັກລັດຖະການ</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>ວັນທີ</th> <th>ຊື່</th> <th>ໝາຍເຫດ </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 ມັງກອນ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%83%E0%BB%9D%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ບຸນປີໃໝ່ສາກົນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ບຸນປີໃໝ່ສາກົນ</a> </td> <td>ວັນພັກທາງລັດຖະການ </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 ມັງກອນ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວັນສ້າງຕັ້ງກອງທັບ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ວັນສ້າງຕັ້ງກອງທັບ</a> </td> <td>ວັນພັກທາງລັດຖະການ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ປາຍເດືອນມັງກອນ/ຕົ້ນເດືອນກຸມພາ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວັນກຸດຈີນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ວັນກຸດຈີນ</a> ແລະ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ກຸດຫວຽດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກຸດຫວຽດ</a> </td> <td>ວັນຂື້ນປີໃໝ່ຂອງຄົນຈີນ ແລະ ຫວຽດນາມຕາມ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ</a> ປະເທດລາວຂ້ອນຂ້າງໃຫ້ຄວາມສຳຄັນກັບວັນນີ້ ເພາະວ່າລາວເຮົາມີຄວາມສຳພັນໃກ້ຊິດກັບຫວຽດນາມ ແລະ ຈີນ. ມີຄົນຫວຽດນາມ <p>ແລະ ຄົນຈີນ ຫຼາຍສົມຄວນເຂົ້າມາອາໃສຢູ່ໃນປະເທດລາວ </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ກຸມພາ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ມາຄະບູຊາ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ມາຄະບູຊາ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ບຸນວັດພູ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ບຸນວັດພູ</a> ແລະ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ບຸນພະທາດສີໂຄດຕະບອງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ບຸນພະທາດສີໂຄດຕະບອງ</a></td> <td> </td> <td>ຂື້ນກັບ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ກຸມພາ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ບຸນເຂົ້າຈີ່ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ບຸນເຂົ້າຈີ່</a></td> <td> </td> <td>ຂື້ນກັບ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ</a> ເປັນບຸນທີ່ຈັດຂື້ນຫຼັງຈາກເກັບກ່ຽວສຳເລັດແລ້ວ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ມີນາ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ບຸນພະເວດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ບຸນພະເວດ</a></td> <td> </td> <td>ນິຍົມກັນຈັດໃນເດືອນ 4 ຕາມ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ</a>ຂອງລາວ </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 ມີນາ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວັນແມ່ຍິງສາກົນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ວັນແມ່ຍິງສາກົນ</a></td> <td>ວັນພັກທາງລັດຖະການ </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 ມີນາ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວັນສ້າງຕັ້ງພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ວັນສ້າງຕັ້ງພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດລາວ</a></td> <td>ວັນພັກທາງລັດຖະການ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ເມສາ ປະມານວັນທີ 14-16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%83%E0%BB%9D%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="ບຸນປີໃໝ່ລາວ">ບຸນປີໃໝ່ລາວ</a></td> <td>ມື້ທຳອິດຂອງວັນປີໃໝ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ ວັນສັງຂານລ່ວງ ມື້ທີສອງເອີ້ນວ່າ ວັນເນົາ ມື້ທີ່ສາມເອີ້ນວ່າ ວັນສັງຂານຂື້ນ ບາງປີມີວັນເນົາ 2 ວັນ <p>ເຮັດໃຫ້ເລີ່ມບຸນວັນທີ 13-16 ກໍມີ ຫຼື ບາງປີກໍເລີ່ມ ວັນທີ 14-17 ກໍມີ ແລ້ວແຕ່ການຄຳນວນຕາມປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິຂອງລາວ ແລະ ເປັນວັນພັກທາງລັດຖະການ </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 ພຶດສະພາ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວັນກຳມະກອນສາກົນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ວັນກຳມະກອນສາກົນ</a> </td> <td>ວັນພັກທາງລັດຖະການ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ພຶດສະພາ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ວັນວິສາຂະບູຊາ">ວັນວິສາຂະບູຊາ</a> </td> <td>ຂື້ນກັບ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ພຶດສະພາ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%9F" title="ບຸນບັ້ງໄຟ">ບຸນບັ້ງໄຟ</a> </td> <td></td> <td>ມັກຈັດໃນເດືອນ 6 ຫຼືເດືອນ 7 ຕາມປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ ເປັນເທດສະການກ່ຽວກັບການຂໍຝົນ </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 ມິຖຸນາ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%89%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວັນປູກຕົ້ນໄມ້ແຫ່ງຊາດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ວັນປູກຕົ້ນໄມ້ແຫ່ງຊາດ</a> ແລະ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວັນເດັກນ້ອຍສາກົນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ວັນເດັກນ້ອຍສາກົນ</a> </td> <td>ເປັນວັນທີ່ລັດສົ່ງເສີມໃຫ້ປະຊາຊົນປູກຕົ້ນໄມ້ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ກໍລະກົດ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ບຸນອາສາລະຫະບູຊາ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ບຸນອາສາລະຫະບູຊາ</a> </td> <td>ຂື້ນກັບ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ກໍລະກົດ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2" title="ບຸນເຂົ້າພັນສາ">ບຸນເຂົ້າພັນສາ</a> </td> <td>ຂື້ນກັບ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ສິງຫາ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ບຸນຫໍ່ເຂົ້າປະດັບດິນ">ບຸນຫໍ່ເຂົ້າປະດັບດິນ</a> </td> <td>ຈັດຂື້ນໃນວັນແຮມ 14 ຄ່ຳເດືອນ 9 ຕາມປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ ເປັນການລະນຶກເຖິງຜູ້ທີ່ລ່ວງລັບໄປແລ້ວ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ກັນຍາ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ບຸນຫໍ່ເຂົ້າສະຫຼາກ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ບຸນຫໍ່ເຂົ້າສະຫຼາກ</a> </td> <td>ຈັດຂື້ນໃນວັນຂື້ນ 15 ຄ່ຳເດືອນ 10 ຕາມປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 ຕຸລາ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ວັນຄູແຫ່ງຊາດ">ວັນຄູແຫ່ງຊາດ</a> </td> <td>ເປັນວັນລະນຶກເຖິງຄຸນຂອງຄູ (ນາຍຄູຄຳ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ຕຸລາ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ບຸນອອກພັນສາ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ບຸນອອກພັນສາ</a> </td> <td>ສີ້ນສຸດລະດູຝົນ ມີການແຂ່ງເຮືອ ແລະ ໄຫຼເຮືອໄຟ (ມີທັງ ເຮືອໄຟໂຄກ ແລະ ເຮືອໄຟນ້ຳ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ພະຈິກ</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ບຸນທາດຫຼວງ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ບຸນທາດຫຼວງ</a></td> <td> </td> <td>ເປັນນະມັດສະການພະທາດຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ພະຈິກ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ບຸນທອດກະຖິນ">ບຸນທອດກະຖິນ</a></td> <td> </td> <td>ຈັດຂື້ນໃນເດືອນ 12 ຕາມປະຕິທິນຈັນທະຄະຕິ </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 ທັນວາ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ວັນຊາດ">ວັນຊາດ</a></td> <td> </td> <td>ເປັນວັນສະຖາປະນາ ສ.ປ.ປ ລາວ ແລະ ວັນພັກທາງລັດຖະການ </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 ທັນວາ</td> <td>ວັນສີ້ນປີ </td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ການຄົມມະນາຄົມ"><span id=".E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.A1"></span>ການຄົມມະນາຄົມ</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r96922" /><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ບົດຄວາມນີ້ຂາດ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:ການອ້າງອີງແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ">ການອ້າງອີງ</a>ຈາກ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:ການພິສູດຢັ້ງຢືນໄດ້ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງຫຼືແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນ</a></b>. ກະລຸນາຊ່ອຍ<a class="external text" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit">ພັດທະນາບົດຄວາມນີ້</a>ໂດຍຕື່ມ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:RS (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນເປັນຕາເຊື່ອຖື</a>. ເນື້ອຫາເຊິ່ງຂາດການອ້າງອີງອາດຖືກຄັດຄ້ານຫຼືນຳອອກ</div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r96922" /><table class="box-ປັບພາສາ plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Copy_edit" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alifdoublechecklao.png/60px-Alifdoublechecklao.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alifdoublechecklao.png/90px-Alifdoublechecklao.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Alifdoublechecklao.png/120px-Alifdoublechecklao.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ບົດຄວາມນີ້ອາດຕ້ອງການພິສູດອັກສອນ</b> ໃນດ້ານໄວຍາກອນ ຮູບແບບຂີດຂຽນ ການຮິບໂຮມ ການຮຽງ ຄຸນນະພາບ ຫຼື ການສະກົດ ທ່ານສາມາດຊ່ອຍ<a class="external text" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit">ພັດທະນາບົດຄວາມ</a>ໄດ້. <small></small> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ການພັດທະນາລະ ບົບຄົມມະນາຄົມ-ຂົນສົ່ງ ເປັນລະບົບທັນສະໄຫມນັ້ນ ຈະເປັນປັດໄຈສຳຄັນ ແຫ່ງການຫັນປ່ຽນ ປະເທດລາວ ຈາກການເປັນ Land Lock ສູ່ການເປັນ Land Link ຫຼື ເຮັດໃຫ້ປະເທດລາວເປັນໃຈກາງເຊື່ອມໂຍງ ດ້ານການຄົມມະນາຄົມ-ຂົນສົ່ງ, ການຄ້າ, ການທ່ອງທ່ຽວ ແລະ ດ້ານອື່ນໆອີກ ໃນອະນຸພາກພື້ນ. ສ່ວນ ແຜນການ ພັດທະນາ ຂະແໜງກະສິກຳ ໄປຕາມ ທິດຍົກສູງສະມັດຖະພາບ ແລະ ຄຸນນະພາບ ຂອງຜົນຜະລິດ, ສ້າງຄວາມໝັ້ນຄົງດ້ານສະບຽງອາຫານ ຈະສົ່ງເສີມການ ກະສິກຳ ອີນຊີ-ປອດສານພິດ ແລະ ການປູກພືດສີນຄ້າມູນຄ່າສູງ; ພ້ອມກັນນັ້ນ ກໍຈະປະຕິບັດຍຸດທະ ສາດດ້ານປ່າໄມ້ໃຫ້ເປັນຈິງ ໂດຍສະເພາະ ແມ່ນການເພີ່ມເນື້ອທີ່ປົກຫຸ້ມຂອງປ່າໄມ້ ໃຫ້ກວມເຖິງ 65% ຂອງ ເນື້ອທີ່ທົ່ວປະເທດ ໃນປີ 2015. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ເສັ້ນທາງບົກ"><span id=".E0.BB.80.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B1.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.9A.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.81"></span>ເສັ້ນທາງບົກ</h3></div> <p>ປະເທດລາວມີທາງຫຼວງດ້ວຍກັນທັງໝົດ 52.201 ກິໂລແມ້ດ ໃນນັ້ນ, ທາງປູຢາງ ກວມເອົາ 18,326.5 ກິໂລແມັດ ແລະ ທີ່ເຫຼືອອີກ 27,089 ກິໂລແມ້ດ ແມ່ນເປັນທາງດີນແດງ ແລະ ປູຫີນອ່ອນ. ບັນດາເສັ້ນທາງທີ່ສຳຄັນຂອງ ສປປ ລາວເຮົາ ແມ່ນ ເສັ້ນທາງເລກທີ່ 13 ທີ່ເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ແຕ່ເໜືອສຸດ ຮອດໃຕ້ສຸດ, ເລກທີ 9 ທີ່ເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ແຂວງ ສະຫວັນນະເຂດ ໄປຫາ ຊາຍແດນ ລາວບ່າວ, ເລກທີ 12 ຈາກແຂວງຈຳມ່ວນ ໄປຫາ ຊາຍແດນລາວ-ຫວຽດນາມ, ແລະ ທາງເລກທີ່ 8 ຈາກບໍລິຄຳໄຊ ຫາຊາຍແດນ ລາວ-ຫວຽດນາມ. ນອກຈາກນີ້, ຍັງມີເສັ້ນທາງເລກທີ່ 11 ທີ່ເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ ຈາກນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ ລຽບຕາມແຄມແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ ໄປຫາແຂວງໄຊຍະບູລີ ຊຶ່ງມີລວງຍາວທັງໝົດ ປະມານ 400 ກິໂລແມັດ, ຊຶ່ງໃນນີ້ 80% ແມ່ນໄດ້ປູຢາງມາດຕະຖານແລ້ວ, ສ່ວນທີ່ເຫຼືອ ແມ່ນຢູ່ໃນຂັ້ນຕອນ ກຳລັງປັບປຸງການກໍ່ສ້າງ. ນອກຈາກນີ້ແລ້ວ, ຍັງມີເສັ້ນທາງ ເລກທີ 11A ທີ່ເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ຈາກ ແຂວງໄຊຍະບູລີ ໄປຫາຊາຍແດນ ພູດູ່ ລາວ-ໄທ, ເສັ້ນທາງ ເລກທີ່ 7 ທີ່ເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ ແຕ່ເມືອງພູຄູນ ຂອງແຂວງຫຼວງພະບາງ ໄປຫາ ແຂວງຊຽງຂວາງ ແລະ ເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ ໄປຫາ ດ່ານນ້ຳກັ່ນ ຊາຍແດນ ລາວ-ຫວຽດນາມ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ເສັ້ນທາງລົດໄຟ"><span id=".E0.BB.80.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B1.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.94.E0.BB.84.E0.BA.9F"></span>ເສັ້ນທາງລົດໄຟ</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:2021-12-03_China-Laos-Eisenbahn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/2021-12-03_China-Laos-Eisenbahn.jpg/250px-2021-12-03_China-Laos-Eisenbahn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/2021-12-03_China-Laos-Eisenbahn.jpg/330px-2021-12-03_China-Laos-Eisenbahn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/2021-12-03_China-Laos-Eisenbahn.jpg/500px-2021-12-03_China-Laos-Eisenbahn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7-%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ລົດໄຟລາວ-ຈີນ">ລົດໄຟລາວ-ຈີນ</a> (ຂະບວນລ້ານຊ້າງ)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Boten%E2%80%93Vientiane_railway_crossing_Vientiane%E2%80%93Boten_Expressway_-_Mapillary_(vwog4i1S3AEbshtZp5Gi49).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Boten%E2%80%93Vientiane_railway_crossing_Vientiane%E2%80%93Boten_Expressway_-_Mapillary_%28vwog4i1S3AEbshtZp5Gi49%29.jpg/220px-Boten%E2%80%93Vientiane_railway_crossing_Vientiane%E2%80%93Boten_Expressway_-_Mapillary_%28vwog4i1S3AEbshtZp5Gi49%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Boten%E2%80%93Vientiane_railway_crossing_Vientiane%E2%80%93Boten_Expressway_-_Mapillary_%28vwog4i1S3AEbshtZp5Gi49%29.jpg/330px-Boten%E2%80%93Vientiane_railway_crossing_Vientiane%E2%80%93Boten_Expressway_-_Mapillary_%28vwog4i1S3AEbshtZp5Gi49%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Boten%E2%80%93Vientiane_railway_crossing_Vientiane%E2%80%93Boten_Expressway_-_Mapillary_%28vwog4i1S3AEbshtZp5Gi49%29.jpg/440px-Boten%E2%80%93Vientiane_railway_crossing_Vientiane%E2%80%93Boten_Expressway_-_Mapillary_%28vwog4i1S3AEbshtZp5Gi49%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="878" /></a><figcaption>ທາງລົດໄຟລາວ-ຈີນ</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>ທາງ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%9F" title="ລົດໄຟ">ລົດໄຟ</a>ໃນປັດຈຸບັນ</li></ul> <p>ໃນປັດຈຸບັນປະເທດລາວເກືອບບໍ່ມີລະບົບລົດໄຟ ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 2007 ຈຶງໄດ້ມີການກໍ່ສ້າງລາງຕໍ່ຈາກເຄືອຂ່າຍລົດໄຟ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97" title="ປະເທດໄທ">ປະເທດໄທ</a> ອອກໄປ 3.5 ກິໂລແມັດ ຂ້າມຂົວມິດຕະພາບລາວ — ໄທ ແຫ່ງທຳອິດ ເຂົ້າສູ່ປະເທດລາວ ແລະ ໄດ້ມີການສຳຫຼວດເພື່ອສ້າງຕໍ່ໄປອີກ 12 ກິໂລແມ້ດ ໄປຍັງວຽງຈັນ ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ ປະເທດລາວ ກໍ່ຍັງບໍ່ມີການຄົມມະນາຄົມຕິດຕໍ່ກັບປະເທດອື່ນອີກທາງລົດໄຟ ເຖິງວ່າ ຈະມີຂໍ້ສະເໜີໃນການສ້າງລົດໄຟຕິດຕໍ່ກັບ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ">ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ</a> ມາກ່ອນກໍ່ຕາມ ປະເທດເພື່ອນບ້ານຕ່າງໆ ໃຊ້ຮາງຂະໜາດ 1000 ມິນລິແມ້ດ ຮວມທັ້ງຮາງທີ່ໄປຮອດຍູນນານໃນ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຈີນ">ປະເທດຈີນ</a>. </p> <ul><li>ການກໍ່ສ້າງທາງລົດໄຟລາວ — ຈີນ</li></ul> <p>ໂຄງການກໍ່ສ້າງເສັ້ນທາງລົດໄຟລາວ — ຈີນ ອີງໃສ່ການພົວພັນລະຫວ່າງອາຊຽນ — ຈີນທີ່ນັບມື້ຂະຫຍາຍຕົວທັງໄດ້ຕົກລົງສ້າງເຂດການຄ້າເສລີອາຊຽນ — ຈີນນັບແຕ່ປີ 2010 ເປັນຕົ້ນໄປ. ການສ້າງເສັ້ນທາງລົດໄຟເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ກັບບັນດາປະເທດ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ອາຊຽນ">ອາຊຽນ</a>, ສປ ຈີນ ໄດ້ເລືອກເອົາເສັ້ນທາງທີ່ຜ່ານປະເທດລາວທີ່ເຫັນວ່າມີໄລຍະທາງ ສັ້ນທີ່ສຸດໃນຈຳນວນ 3 ເສັ້ນທາງທີ່ໄດ້ປຶກສາຫາລືກັນໃນປີ 1996. </p><p>ເສັ້ນທາງລົດໄຟທີ່ຖືກເລືອກແມ່ນເປັນເສັ້ນຜ່ານກາງເລີ່ມແຕ່ສິງກະໂປ ຜ່ານມາເລເຊຍເຂົ້າ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81" title="ບາງກອກ">ບາງກອກ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97" title="ປະເທດໄທ">ປະເທດໄທ</a> ແລ້ວຕໍ່ໃສ່ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນຂອງ ສປປ ລາວ ຂຶ້ນໄປຫາຊາຍແດນລາວ-ຈີນແລ້ວກ້າວສູ່ ຄຸນມິງລວມຄວາມຍາວ 3.640 ກິໂລແມັດ ແຕ່ດ້ວຍການຕົກລົງເຫັນດີຂອງການນຳສອງປະເທດເພື່ອຍົກລະດັບການພົວພັນລາວ — ຂຶ້ນເປັນຄູ່ຮ່ວມຍຸດທະສາດຮອບດ້ານ ຈະສ້າງເສັ້ນທາງເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ແຕ່ຊາຍແດນຈີນ — ລາວເຂົ້າຫາ ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ ແລະ ເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ກັບໄທກ່ອນ ຫຼັງຈາກນັ້ນ ຈິ່ງຂະຫຍາຍຕໍ່ຈາກນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ ລົງໄປທ່າແຂກຕໍ່ໃສ່ຊາຍແດນລາວ — ຫວຽດນາມ. </p><p>ໄລຍະທາງແຕ່ຈຸດຊາຍແດນລາວ — ຈີນ ເຖິງນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ ມີລວງຍາວທັງຫມົດປະມານ 427ກິໂລແມັດ ໃນນັ້ນ ເສັ້ນທາງຕ້ອງຜ່ານອຸບມຸງໃນຄວາມຍາວ 190 ກວ່າກິໂລແມັດ ແລະ ໄດ້ສ້າງຂົວຍາວ 90 ກິໂລແມັດ ຫຼືສະເລ່ຍເສັ້ນທາງຜ່ານທັງອຸບມຸງ-ຂົວກວມເອົາ 2/3 ຂອງເສັ້ນທາງທັງຫມົດ ແລະ ຈະໄດ້ໃຊ້ທຶນສູງເຖິງ 7 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ ເພື່ອນໍາໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການກໍ່ສ້າງຕາມແຜນ ຈະເລີ່ມລົງມືກໍ່ສ້າງໃນວັນທີ 25 ເມສາປີ 2011 ທີ່ຈະມາເຖິງ ໂດຍຈະໃຊ້ເວລາ 4 ປີໃຫ້ສໍາເລັດເພື່ອເປັນຂອງຂວັນຮັບຕ້ອນວັນສະຖາ ປະນາ ສປປ ລາວ ຄົບຮອບ 40 ປີ. ເພື່ອກໍ່ສ້າງເສັ້ນທາງສາຍສຳຄັນນີ້ ໃຫ້ສຳເລັດຕາມແຜນໄດ້ສ້າງຕັ້ງບໍລິສັດຮ່ວມທຶນລາວ — ຈີນໂດຍແບ່ງອັດຕາສ່ວນ ໃນການປະກອບຮຸ້ນຄື: ຝ່າຍຈີນປະກອບເປັນເງິນສົດ, ອຸປະກອນ ແລະ ຖືຮຸ້ນ 70%, ສ່ວນຝ່າຍລາວກໍ່ປະກອບເປັນເງິນສົດ, ວັດຖຸກໍ່ ສ້າງຈຳນວນຫນຶ່ງຖືຄອງຮຸ້ນ 30% ແລະ ຍັງສາມາດເພີ່ມຮຸ້ນໄດ້ຕາມການພັດທະນາເສດຖະກິດສັງຄົມ. ລາງລົດໄຟໃນສາຍນີ້ ແມ່ນເອົາຕາມມາດຕະຖານສາກົນທີ່ມີລວງກວ້າງ 1,435 ແມັດ, ແລ່ນດ້ວຍກະແສໄຟຟ້າສາ ມາດປ້ອງກັນການສັ່ນສະເທືອນຂອງແຜ່ນດິນໄຫວ ໃນລະດັບ 7 ລິກເຕີ. ສຳລັບມາດຕະຖານຄວາມໄວແມ່ນກຳນົດ 200 ກິໂລແມັດຕໍ່ ຊົ່ວໂມງ (ສະເພາະລົດໄຟໂດຍສານ) ແລະ 120 ກິໂລແມັດຕໍ່ຊົ່ວໂມງ (ສຳລັບລົດໄຟຂົນສົ່ງສິນຄ້າ). ດ້ານການກໍ່ສ້າງແມ່ນອີງໃສ່ມາດ ຖານເຕັກນິກຂອງຈີນທີ່ໂລກຍອມຮັບແລ້ວ ແລະຈະມີດ້ວຍກັນ 5 ສະຖານີໃຫຍ່ຄື: ສະຖານີບໍ່ເຕັມ, ເມືອງໄຊ, ຫຼວງພະບາງ, ວັງວຽງ, ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ ພ້ອມນັ້ນ ກໍ່ຈະມີສະຖານີນ້ອຍອີກຈຳນວນຫນຶ່ງລວມ 21 ສະຖານີ. ຫຼັງຈາກເສັ້ນທາງສ້າງສຳເລັດຈະກາຍເປັນແຮງດັນອັນສຳຄັນຕໍ່ການຍູ້ການເຕີບໂຕທາງເສດຖະກິດຂອງສປປ ລາວ ຫຼື ແມ່ນແຕ່ ເວລາກໍ່ສ້າງກໍ່ເປັນຜົນດີບໍ່ໜ້ອຍສຳລັບພະນັກງານວິຊາການ, ກຳມະກອນ ເພາະໂຄງການດັ່ງກ່າວ ຄາດຈະຕ້ອງການແຮງງານຫຼາຍ ເຖິງ 50 ພັນ ຄົນເຂົ້າຮ່ວມ. ເຖິງຢ່າງໃດກໍ່ຕາມ ສາຍທາງເສັ້ນປະຫວັດສາດນີ້ ແມ່ນແນໃສ່ສ້າງເພື່ອຂົນສົ່ງສິນຄ້າເປັນຄວາມຫວັງໃຫຍ່ ແຕ່ປະຈຸບັນລາວຍັງມີສິນຄ້າບໍ່ຫຼາຍເທົ່າທີີ່ຄວນ ສະນັ້ນ ປະຊາຊົນລາວຕ້ອງເພີ່ມການຜະລິດໃຫ້ຫຼາຍຂຶ້ນ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ເສັ້ນທາງນ້ຳ"><span id=".E0.BB.80.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B1.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.99.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B3"></span>ເສັ້ນທາງນ້ຳ</h3></div> <p>ປະເທດລາວມີແມ່ນ້ຳທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຄົມມະນາຄົມໄດ້ 4,587 ກິໂລແມ້ດ ສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນນ້ຳຂອງ ແລະ ສາຂາຂອງມັນທີ່ແຍກອອກໄປ ແລະ ອີກ 2,897 ກິໂລແມັດ ທີ່ບາງສ່ວນໃຊ້ໃນການຄົມມະນາຄົມໄດ້ ດ້ວຍເຮືອທີ່ເລິກໄປຈາກຜິວນ້ຳບໍ່ກາຍເຄິ່ງແມັດ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ທາງອາກາດ"><span id=".E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.94"></span>ທາງອາກາດ</h3></div> <p>ປະເທດລາວມີສະໜາມບິນທັງໝົດ 52 ແຫ່ງເຊິ່ງມີຢູ່ພຽງ 9 ແຫ່ງເທົ່ານັ້ນທີ່ມີລັນເວລາດຍາງ ສ່ວນອີກ 43 ແຫ່ງບໍ່ມີ ແລະ ສະໜາມບິນທີ່ລາດຍາງ ສະໜາມບິນສາກົນວັດໄຕ, ສະໜາມບິນສາກົນປາກເຊ ແລະ ສະໜາມສາກົນຫຼວງພະບາງ ທີ່ມີລະຍະທາງຫຼາຍກ່ວາ 2,438 ແມັດ ສ່ວນທີ່ເຫຼືອມີລັນເວລາດຍາງ ສະໜາມບິນສີ່ແຫ່ງມີລັນເວຍາວ 1,524 — 2,437 ແມັດ ແລະ ສີ່ແຫ່ງທີ່ເຫຼືອມີລະຍະທາງລະຫວ່າງ 914 — 1,523 ແມ້ດ ສະໜາມບິນທີ່ເຫຼືອບໍ່ມີລັນເວຍ໌ລາດຍາງມີຈຳນວນ 43 ແຫ່ງ ມີສະໜາມບິນພຽງແຫ່ງດຽວເທົ່ານັ້ນທີ່ມີຄວາມຍາວຫຼາຍກ່ວາ 1,524 ແມ້ດ; 17 ແຫ່ງມີຄວາມຍາວລະຫວ່າງ 914 — 1,523 ແມ້ດ ສ່ວນອີກ 25 ແຫ່ງສຸດທ້າຍມີຄວາມຍາວນ້ອຍກວ່າ 914 ແມ້ດ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ສາຍການບິນ"><span id=".E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.8D.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.9A.E0.BA.B4.E0.BA.99"></span>ສາຍການບິນ</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" 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title="ສະໜາມບິນຫົວພັນ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສະໜາມບິນຫົວພັນ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5" title="ສະໜາມບິນໄຊຍະບູລີ">ສະໜາມບິນໄຊຍະບູລີ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສະໜາມບິນຜົ້ງສາລີ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສະໜາມບິນຜົ້ງສາລີ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ສະໜາມບິນອັດຕະປື (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ສະໜາມບິນອັດຕະປື</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ອັນດັບເວທີລະຫວ່າງປະເທດແລະໂລກ"><span id=".E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.94.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.9A.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.A7.E0.BA.97.E0.BA.B5.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.AB.E0.BA.A7.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.9B.E0.BA.B0.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.97.E0.BA.94.E0.BB.81.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.B0.E0.BB.82.E0.BA.A5.E0.BA.81"></span>ອັນດັບເວທີລະຫວ່າງປະເທດແລະໂລກ</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r96922" /><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="external text" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit">ພັດທະນາບົດຄວາມນີ້</a>ໂດຍຕື່ມ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:RS (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນເປັນຕາເຊື່ອຖື</a>. ເນື້ອຫາເຊິ່ງຂາດການອ້າງອີງອາດຖືກຄັດຄ້ານຫຼືນຳອອກ</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>ອົງກອນ </th> <th>ຫົວຂໍ້ສຳຫຼວດ </th> <th>ອັນດັບທີ </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heritage_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heritage Foundation (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Heritage Foundation</a>/<br /><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Wall_Street_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Wall Street Journal (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> </td> <td>ດັດຊະນີເສລີພາບທາງດ້ານເສດຖະກິດ <br /> (Index of Economic Freedom) </td> <td>149 ຈາກ 157 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reporters_Without_Borders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reporters Without Borders (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອົງການສື່ໄຮ້ພົມແດນ</a> </td> <td>ດັດຊະນີເສລີພາບສື່ໂລກ <br /> (Worldwide Press Freedom Index) </td> <td>156 ຈາກ 167 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency International (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອົງການຄວາມໂປ່ງໃສນາໆຊາດ</a> </td> <td>ດັດຊະນີການຮັບຮູ້ເຖິງການທຸດຈະລິດ <br /> (Corruption Perceptions Index) </td> <td>163 ຈາກ 179 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Development_Programme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Development Programme (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ອົງການສະຫະປະຊາຊາດເພື່ອການພັດທະນາ</a> </td> <td>ດັດຊະນີພັດທະນາມະນຸດ <br /> (Human Development Index) </td> <td>130 ຈາກ 177 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li>ໝາຍເຫດ:ຂໍ້ມູນປະເທດໃນການຈັດລຽງທີ່ນີ້ແມ່ນຖືກຮອງຮັບເອົາ179ປະເທດທົ່ວໂລກ.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ເຫດການສຳຄັນ"><span id=".E0.BB.80.E0.BA.AB.E0.BA.94.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.AA.E0.BA.B3.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.99"></span>ເຫດການສຳຄັນ</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r96922" /><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%9A:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>ບົດຄວາມນີ້ຂາດ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:ການອ້າງອີງແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ">ການອ້າງອີງ</a>ຈາກ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:ການພິສູດຢັ້ງຢືນໄດ້ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງຫຼືແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນ</a></b>. ກະລຸນາຊ່ອຍ<a class="external text" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit">ພັດທະນາບົດຄວາມນີ້</a>ໂດຍຕື່ມ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D:RS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ວິກິພີເດຍ:RS (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນເປັນຕາເຊື່ອຖື</a>. ເນື້ອຫາເຊິ່ງຂາດການອ້າງອີງອາດຖືກຄັດຄ້ານຫຼືນຳອອກ</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%99" title="ກອງປະຊຸມອາຊຽນ">ກອງປະຊຸມສຸດຍອດອາຊຽນ 2004 ແລະ 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%A1" title="ກອງປະຊຸມອາເຊັມ">ກອງປະຊຸມອາເຊັມ</a> 2012</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%89(%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ມະຫະກຳກີລາແຫ່ງປະຊາຊາດອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້(ຊີເກມ) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ມະຫະກຳກີລາແຫ່ງປະຊາຊາດອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້(ຊີເກມ)</a> 2009</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99_450_%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ງານສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງວຽງຈັນ 450 ປີ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ງານສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງວຽງຈັນ 450 ປີ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ກອງປະຊຸມຝຣັ່ງໂກໂຟນີ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກອງປະຊຸມຝຣັ່ງໂກໂຟນີ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ກອງປະຊຸມລະເບີດບົ່ມບີ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກອງປະຊຸມລະເບີດບົ່ມບີ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ເພີ່ມເຕີມ"><span id=".E0.BB.80.E0.BA.9E.E0.BA.B5.E0.BB.88.E0.BA.A1.E0.BB.80.E0.BA.95.E0.BA.B5.E0.BA.A1"></span>ເພີ່ມເຕີມ</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B3%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87_%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94_%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95_%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" title="ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນ ແຫ່ງ ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ">ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນ ແຫ່ງ ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ຂໍ້ຄວາມຂະຫຍາຍ"><span id=".E0.BA.82.E0.BB.8D.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.84.E0.BA.A7.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.A1.E0.BA.82.E0.BA.B0.E0.BA.AB.E0.BA.8D.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.8D"></span>ຂໍ້ຄວາມຂະຫຍາຍ</h2></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ລວມ<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of ethnic groups in Laos (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກຸ່ມຊົນເຜົ່າຂະໜາດນ້ອຍຫຼາຍກວ່າກຸ່ມຊົນເຜົ່າຂະໜາດຫຼາຍກວ່າ 100 ກຸ່ມ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ລັດໃຫ້ກຽດ ແລະ ປົກປ້ອງກິດຈະກຳຂອງສາສະໜາພຸດ ແລະ ຜູ້ນັບຖືສາສະໜາອື່ນ [ແລະ] ລວມຫົວກັບໃຫ້ກຳລັງໃຈໃຫ້ພຣະສົງ ແລະ ຈົວ ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັນກັບນັກບວດສາສະໜາອື່ນໃນການມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມທີ່ກໍ່ໃຫ້ເກີດຜົນປະໂຫນດຕໍ່ປະເທດ ແລະ ປະຊາຊົນ<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ປະເທດລາວເປັນ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ລັດດ່ຽວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ລັດດ່ຽວ</a>ທີ່ເປັນ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%A1%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ລັດກອມມູນິດ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ລັດກອມມູນິດ</a>ແບບ<a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81-%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ລັດທິມາກ-ເລນິນ">ລັດທິມາກ-ເລນິນ</a> ຕຳແໜ່ງທີ່ຊົງອຳນາດຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດແມ່ນ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%83%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເລຂາທິການໃຫຍ່ພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເລຂາທິການໃຫຍ່ພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດລາວ</a> ບໍ່ແມ່ນ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ປະທານປະເທດລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ປະທານປະເທດ</a> ເລຂາທິການໃຫຍ່ຄວບຄຸມ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ກົມການເມືອງສູນກາງພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ກົມການເມືອງ</a> ແລະ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99_%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99_%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ເລຂາທິການ ພັກປະຊາຊົນ ປະຕິວັດລາວ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ເລຂາທິການ</a> ເຮັດໃຫ້ຜູ້ດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງກາຍເປັນຜູ້ນຳລາວ<i>ໂດຍພຶດຕິໄນ</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bombie ໝາຍເຖິງລະເບີດ ເຊິ່ງເປັນຊື່ຫຼິ້ນທີ່ຄົນລາວຕັ້ງໃຫ້ ແລະ ໃຊ້ກັນຢ່າງແຜ່ຫຼາຍ.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ອ້າງອີງ"><span id=".E0.BA.AD.E0.BB.89.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.87.E0.BA.AD.E0.BA.B5.E0.BA.87.E2.80.8B"></span>ອ້າງອີງ</h2></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r110408">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+of+Population+and+Housing+Census+2015&rft.pub=Lao+Statistics+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flao.unfpa.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpub-pdf%2FPHC-ENG-FNAL-WEB_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Laos_2003.pdf?lang=en">"Lao People's Democratic Republic's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>constituteproject.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2017</span>. <q>Article 9: The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=constituteproject.org&rft.atitle=Lao+People%27s+Democratic+Republic%27s+Constitution+of+1991+with+Amendments+through+2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconstituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FLaos_2003.pdf%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-assets.pewresearch.org-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-assets.pewresearch.org_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf">https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161113204058/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/laos.aspx">"Laos"</a>. Lao Department of Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geohive.com/cntry/laos.aspx">the original</a> on 13 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laos&rft.pub=Lao+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geohive.com%2Fcntry%2Flaos.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF_database_2022-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IMF_database_2022_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report?c=544,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2021&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Monetary_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Monetary Fund (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">International Monetary Fund</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+April+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2022%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D544%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2022%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF_database_2023-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMF_database_2023_10-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMF_database_2023_10-1">7.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IMF_database_2023_10-2">7.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="lo" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>IMF database 2023</code></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wb-gini-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wb-gini_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/">"Gini Index"</a>. World Bank<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+Index&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">"Human Development Report 2021/2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in ອັງກິດ). <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Development_Programme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Development Programme (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 8 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2021%2F2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://laopedia.gov.la/index.php/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7">https://laopedia.gov.la/index.php/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.lmcchina.org/lao/2021-03/12/content_41494652.html">http://www.lmcchina.org/lao/2021-03/12/content_41494652.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nia.go.th/media/almanac/2022/01/Lao_2022.pdf">https://www.nia.go.th/media/almanac/2022/01/Lao_2022.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Laos">"Laos - Under foreign rule"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i> (in ອັງກິດ).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Laos+-+Under+foreign+rule&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FLaos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416141857/https://www.asia-discovery.com/Laos/travel-guide/history.htm">"Laos History"</a>. <i>www.asia-discovery.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asia-discovery.com/Laos/travel-guide/history.htm">the original</a> on 2021-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.asia-discovery.com&rft.atitle=Laos+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asia-discovery.com%2FLaos%2Ftravel-guide%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15355605">Laos profile - timeline</a>", <i>BBC News</i>, 2018-01-09 (in en-GB)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.timelinesdb.com/listevents.php?subjid=129&title=Laos">http://www.timelinesdb.com/listevents.php?subjid=129&title=Laos</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1980027/chinese-firm-to-run-lao-electric-grid">https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1980027/chinese-firm-to-run-lao-electric-grid</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ບໍລິການລາວໂທລະຄົມໄດ້ເປີດນຳໃຊ້ໃນເດືອນພະຈິກ ປີ2012 ແຕ່ບາງແຫລ່ງກໍບອກວ່າເປັນພຽງການທົດລອງ: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/318681/laos-to-launch-4g">https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/318681/laos-to-launch-4g</a> ແຕ່ 4G ແມ່ນອາດຈະເປີດໃຫ້ທຸກຄົນນຳໃຊ້ໄດ້ໃນເດືອນມິຖຸນາ 2015 ໂດຍຢູນິເທວ: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://international.viettel.vn/news-detail/unitel-launches-4g-service-in-laos">https://international.viettel.vn/news-detail/unitel-launches-4g-service-in-laos</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prachachat.net/economy/news-814220">รถไฟจีน-ลาว เปิดให้บริการวันนี้ (3 ธ.ค.) ควรรู้อะไรบ้าง? ก่อนตกขบวน</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEມະຫາ_ສີລາ_ວີຣະວົງສ໌7–9-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEມະຫາ_ສີລາ_ວີຣະວົງສ໌7–9_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFມະຫາ_ສີລາ_ວີຣະວົງສ໌">ມະຫາ ສີລາ ວີຣະວົງສ໌</a>, pp. 7–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tripsavvy-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tripsavvy_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFRodgers" class="citation web cs1">Rodgers, Greg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tripsavvy.com/how-to-say-laos-3976795">"How to Say "Laos"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>TripSavvy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303055220/https://www.tripsavvy.com/how-to-say-laos-3976795">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TripSavvy&rft.atitle=How+to+Say+%22Laos%22&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripsavvy.com%2Fhow-to-say-laos-3976795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fodors-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fodors_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFRagusa2019" class="citation web cs1">Ragusa, Nina (4 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fodors.com/world/asia/laos/experiences/news/10-things-you-need-to-know-before-visiting-laos">"10 Things You Need to Know Before Visiting Laos"</a>. <i>Fodors</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323062406/https://www.fodors.com/world/asia/laos/experiences/news/10-things-you-need-to-know-before-visiting-laos">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fodors&rft.atitle=10+Things+You+Need+to+Know+Before+Visiting+Laos&rft.date=2019-04-04&rft.aulast=Ragusa&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fodors.com%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Flaos%2Fexperiences%2Fnews%2F10-things-you-need-to-know-before-visiting-laos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/laos">"Meaning of Laos in English"</a>. <i>Cambridge Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308104428/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/laos">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Meaning+of+Laos+in+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Flaos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/laos">"Laos – definition and synonyms"</a>. <i>Macmillan Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308155501/https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/laos">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macmillan+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Laos+%E2%80%93+definition+and+synonyms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macmillandictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fbritish%2Flaos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Laos">"Definition of Laos by Merriam-Webster"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308102619/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Laos">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Laos+by+Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FLaos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFDemeter2012" class="citation journal cs1">Demeter, F; et al. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3437904">"Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>109</b> (36): 14375–14380. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PNAS..10914375D">2012PNAS..10914375D</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1208104109">10.1073/pnas.1208104109</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3437904">3437904</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22908291">22908291</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Anatomically+modern+human+in+Southeast+Asia+%28Laos%29+by+46+ka&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=36&rft.pages=14375-14380&rft.date=2012&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3437904%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PNAS..10914375D&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22908291&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1208104109&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.aulast=Demeter&rft.aufirst=F&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3437904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFWhiteLewisBouasisengpaseuthMarwick2009" class="citation journal cs1">White, J.C.; Lewis, H.; Bouasisengpaseuth, B.; Marwick, B.; Arrell, K (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/white/">"Archaeological Investigations in northern Laos: New contributions to Southeast Asian prehistory"</a>. <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>83</b> (319). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010191403/http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/white/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=Archaeological+Investigations+in+northern+Laos%3A+New+contributions+to+Southeast+Asian+prehistory&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=319&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=J.C.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+H.&rft.au=Bouasisengpaseuth%2C+B.&rft.au=Marwick%2C+B.&rft.au=Arrell%2C+K&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantiquity.ac.uk%2Fprojgall%2Fwhite%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFMarwickBouasisengpaseuth2017" class="citation book cs1">Marwick, Ben; Bouasisengpaseuth, Bounheung (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/75zhc/">"History and Practice of Archaeology in Laos"</a>. In Habu, Junko; Lape, Peter; Olsen, John (eds.). <i>Handbook of East and Southeast Asian Archaeology</i>. Springer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190706125232/https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/75zhc/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History+and+Practice+of+Archaeology+in+Laos&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+East+and+Southeast+Asian+Archaeology&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Marwick&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Bouasisengpaseuth%2C+Bounheung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosf.io%2Fpreprints%2Fsocarxiv%2F75zhc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PittayawatPittayaporn-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PittayawatPittayaporn_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manusya.journals.chula.ac.th/files/essay/Pittayawat%2047-68.pdf">Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150627063518/http://www.manusya.journals.chula.ac.th/files/essay/Pittayawat%2047-68.pdf">Archived</a> 27 ມິຖຸນາ 2015 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities</i>, Special Issue No 20: 47–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coedes-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Coedes_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFCoedès1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Coed%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Coedès (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Coedès, George</a> (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). <i>The Indianized States of Southeast Asia</i>. trans. Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:BookSources/978-0-8248-0368-1" title="ພິເສດ:BookSources/978-0-8248-0368-1"><bdi>978-0-8248-0368-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indianized+States+of+Southeast+Asia&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-0368-1&rft.aulast=Coed%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fa-Ngum">"Fa Ngum"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308050252/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fa-Ngum">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Fa+Ngum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FFa-Ngum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100308201136/http://www.history.com/topics/fa-ngum">"Fa Ngum"</a>. History.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/topics/fa-ngum">the original</a> on 8 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fa+Ngum&rft.pub=History.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Ffa-ngum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanda Simms, ch. 3, "Through Chaos to a New Order", in <i>The Kingdoms of Laos</i> (London: Taylor & Francis, 2013). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B6%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A1/9781136863370" class="new" title="ພິເສດ:ແຫຼ່ງປຶ້ມ/9781136863370 (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">9781136863370</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanda Simms, ch. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in <i>The Kingdoms of Laos</i> (London: Taylor & Francis, 2013). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B6%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A1/9781136863370" class="new" title="ພິເສດ:ແຫຼ່ງປຶ້ມ/9781136863370 (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">9781136863370</a>; see also P.C. Sinha, ed., <i>Encyclopaedia of South East and Far East Asia</i>, vol. 3 (Anmol, 2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFAskew,_Marc.2010" class="citation book cs1">Askew, Marc. (2010) [2007]. <i>Vientiane : transformations of a Lao landscape</i>. Logan, William Stewart, 1942–, Long, Colin, 1966–. London: Routledge. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:BookSources/978-0-415-59662-6" title="ພິເສດ:BookSources/978-0-415-59662-6"><bdi>978-0-415-59662-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/68416667">68416667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vientiane+%3A+transformations+of+a+Lao+landscape&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F68416667&rft.isbn=978-0-415-59662-6&rft.au=Askew%2C+Marc.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126004328/http://www.asianewsnet.net/home/news.php?id=15718&sec=3">"Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity"</a>. Asianewsnet.net. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Let%27s+hope+Laos+hangs+on+to+its+identity&rft.pub=Asianewsnet.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianewsnet.net%2Fhome%2Fnews.php%3Fsec%3D3%26id%3D15718&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9A:Cite_web" title="ແມ່ແບບ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%94:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ໝວດ:CS1 maint: unfit URL (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFShowalter2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Showalter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Showalter (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Showalter, Dennis</a>, ed. (2013). <i>Imperial Wars 1815–1914</i>. Encyclopedia of Warfare Series. London: Amber Books. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:BookSources/978-1-78274-125-1" title="ພິເສດ:BookSources/978-1-78274-125-1"><bdi>978-1-78274-125-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1152285624">1152285624</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Wars+1815%E2%80%931914&rft.place=London&rft.series=Encyclopedia+of+Warfare+Series&rft.pub=Amber+Books&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1152285624&rft.isbn=978-1-78274-125-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101012011239/http://kyotoreviewsea.org/slavery3.htm">"Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices"</a>. <i>The Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFLibrios_Semantic_Environment2006" class="citation web cs1">Librios Semantic Environment (11 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070718125054/http://www.culturalprofiles.net/laos/Directories/Laos_Cultural_Profile/-1064.html">"Laos: Laos under the French"</a>. Culturalprofiles.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalprofiles.net/laos/Directories/Laos_Cultural_Profile/-1064.html">the original</a> on 18 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laos%3A+Laos+under+the+French&rft.pub=Culturalprofiles.net&rft.date=2006-08-11&rft.au=Librios+Semantic+Environment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalprofiles.net%2Flaos%2FDirectories%2FLaos_Cultural_Profile%2F-1064.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carine Hahn, <i>Le Laos</i>, Karthala, 1999, pp. 69–72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225100345/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/laos/history">"History of Laos"</a>. <i>Lonely Planet</i>. 9 August 1960. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonelyplanet.com/laos/history">the original</a> on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lonely+Planet&rft.atitle=History+of+Laos&rft.date=1960-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Flaos%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SørenIvarsson-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SørenIvarsson_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ivarsson, Søren (2008). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FsXjlJF_fokC&pg=PA102">Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 1860–1945</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410140148/https://books.google.com/books?id=FsXjlJF_fokC&pg=PA102">Archived</a> 10 ເມສາ 2023 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Wayback Machine</a></i>. NIAS Press, p. 102. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B6%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A1/978-8-776-94023-2" class="new" title="ພິເສດ:ແຫຼ່ງປຶ້ມ/978-8-776-94023-2 (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">978-8-776-94023-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MartinStuart-FoxA-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MartinStuart-FoxA_46-0">43.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MartinStuart-FoxA_46-1">43.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MartinStuart-FoxA_46-2">43.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-MartinStuart-FoxA_46-3">43.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart-Fox, Martin (1997). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8VvvevRkX-EC&dq=A+History+of+Laos&pg=PA51">A History of Laos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405045254/https://books.google.com/books?id=8VvvevRkX-EC&dq=A+History+of+Laos&pg=PA51">Archived</a> 5 ເມສາ 2023 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Cambridge University Press, p. 51. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B6%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A1/978-0-521-59746-3" class="new" title="ພິເສດ:ແຫຼ່ງປຶ້ມ/978-0-521-59746-3 (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">978-0-521-59746-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Lévy, <i>Histoire du Laos</i>, PUF, 1974.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Country_Study:_Laos-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-A_Country_Study:_Laos_48-0">45.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-A_Country_Study:_Laos_48-1">45.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Savada, Andrea Matles (editor) (1994). "Events in 1945". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/latoc.html"><i>A Country Study: Laos</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721090309/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/latoc.html">Archived</a> 21 ກໍລະກົດ 2015 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Wayback Machine</a>. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_49-0">46.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_49-1">46.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_49-2">46.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_49-3">46.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/330219/Laos/52500/People?anchor=ref509292">"Laos – Overview"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511175031/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/330219/Laos/52500/People?anchor=ref509292">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Laos+%E2%80%93+Overview&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F330219%2FLaos%2F52500%2FPeople%3Fanchor%3Dref509292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_50-0">47.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_50-1">47.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_50-2">47.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_50-3">47.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_50-4">47.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_50-5">47.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15355605">Laos profile</a>", 9 January 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFKiernanOwen2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_Kiernan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben Kiernan (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Kiernan, Ben</a>; Owen, Taylor (26 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apjjf.org/2015/13/16/Ben-Kiernan/4313.html">"Making More Enemies than We Kill? Calculating U.S. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications"</a>. <i>The Asia-Pacific Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301041322/http://apjjf.org/2015/13/16/Ben-Kiernan/4313.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Asia-Pacific+Journal&rft.atitle=Making+More+Enemies+than+We+Kill%3F+Calculating+U.S.+Bomb+Tonnages+Dropped+on+Laos+and+Cambodia%2C+and+Weighing+Their+Implications&rft.date=2015-04-26&rft.aulast=Kiernan&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Owen%2C+Taylor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapjjf.org%2F2015%2F13%2F16%2FBen-Kiernan%2F4313.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFWright2016" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Rebecca (6 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/05/asia/united-states-laos-secret-war/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'My friends were afraid of me': What 80 million unexploded US bombs did to Laos"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=CNN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CNN (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190117203916/https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/05/asia/united-states-laos-secret-war/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=%27My+friends+were+afraid+of+me%27%3A+What+80+million+unexploded+US+bombs+did+to+Laos&rft.date=2016-09-06&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F09%2F05%2Fasia%2Funited-states-laos-secret-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/(httpPages)/B3F3E37A2838630FC125772E0050F4F7?OpenDocument">"Disarmament"</a>. <i>The United Nations Office at Geneva</i>. United Nations. November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060643/http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/(httpPages)/B3F3E37A2838630FC125772E0050F4F7?OpenDocument">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+United+Nations+Office+at+Geneva&rft.atitle=Disarmament&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unog.ch%2F80256EE600585943%2F%28httpPages%29%2FB3F3E37A2838630FC125772E0050F4F7%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFObermeyerMurrayGakidou2008" class="citation journal cs1">Obermeyer, Ziad; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Gakidou, Emmanuela (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440905">"Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=BMJ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMJ (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">BMJ</a></i>. <b>336</b> (7659): 1482–1486. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.a137">10.1136/bmj.a137</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440905">2440905</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18566045">18566045</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Fifty+years+of+violent+war+deaths+from+Vietnam+to+Bosnia%3A+analysis+of+data+from+the+world+health+survey+programme&rft.volume=336&rft.issue=7659&rft.pages=1482-1486&rft.date=2008&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2440905%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18566045&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.a137&rft.aulast=Obermeyer&rft.aufirst=Ziad&rft.au=Murray%2C+Christopher+J.+L.&rft.au=Gakidou%2C+Emmanuela&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2440905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span> See Table 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin_Stuart-Fox-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Martin_Stuart-Fox_56-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart-Fox, Martin (1980). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27908403?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">LAOS: The Vietnamese Connection</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211013074847/https://www.jstor.org/stable/27908403?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">Archived</a> 13 ຕຸລາ 2021 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Wayback Machine</a></i>. In Suryadinata, L (Ed.), <i>Southeast Asian Affairs</i> (1980). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Stuides, pg. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DamienKingsbury-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DamienKingsbury_57-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kingsbury, Damien (2016). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8CQlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA50">Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410140218/https://books.google.com/books?id=8CQlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA50">Archived</a> 10 ເມສາ 2023 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Taylor & Francis;<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B6%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A1/978-1-317-49628-1" class="new" title="ພິເສດ:ແຫຼ່ງປຶ້ມ/978-1-317-49628-1 (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">978-1-317-49628-1</a>, pg. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Savada-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Savada_58-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Savada, Andrea M. (1995). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.public-library.uk/dailyebook/Laos%20-%20a%20country%20study.pdf">Laos: a country study</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180419183125/http://www.public-library.uk/dailyebook/Laos%20-%20a%20country%20study.pdf">Archived</a> 19 ເມສາ 2018 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, p. 271. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B6%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A1/0-8444-0832-8" class="new" title="ພິເສດ:ແຫຼ່ງປຶ້ມ/0-8444-0832-8 (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">0-8444-0832-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prayaga-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Prayaga_59-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Prayaga, M. (2005). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/103010/8/08_chapter-iv.pdf">Renovation in Vietnam since 1988 a study in political, economic and social change</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180419122734/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/103010/8/08_chapter-iv.pdf">Archived</a> 19 ເມສາ 2018 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Wayback Machine</a> (PhD thesis)</i>. Sri Venkateswara University. Chapter IV: The Metamorphosed Foreign Relations, pg. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2770.htm">Laos (04/09)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185208/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2770.htm">Archived</a> 24 ຕຸລາ 2020 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Wayback Machine</a>. U.S. Department of State.<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9A:Failed_verification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ແມ່ແບບ:Failed verification (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ແມ່ແບບ:Failed verification</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/the-completed-china-laos-railway/">"The Completed China-Laos Railway"</a>. <i>ASEAN Business News</i> (in ອັງກິດ). 21 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512130726/https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/the-completed-china-laos-railway/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ASEAN+Business+News&rft.atitle=The+Completed+China-Laos+Railway&rft.date=2021-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aseanbriefing.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-completed-china-laos-railway%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croissant211-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Croissant211_62-0">58.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Croissant211_62-1">58.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Croissant211_62-2">58.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFAurel_Croissant2016" class="citation book cs1">Aurel Croissant (2016). <i>Die politischen Systeme Südostasiens: eine Einführung</i>. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. p. 211. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:BookSources/978-3-531-14349-1" title="ພິເສດ:BookSources/978-3-531-14349-1"><bdi>978-3-531-14349-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+politischen+Systeme+S%C3%BCdostasiens%3A+eine+Einf%C3%BChrung&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Springer+VS&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-3-531-14349-1&rft.au=Aurel+Croissant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190925200158/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/laos">"Freedom in the World 2017 – Laos"</a> (in ອັງກິດ). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom House (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">Freedom House</a>. 2018-01-02. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/laos">the original</a> on 2019-09-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freedom+in+the+World+2017+%E2%80%93+Laos&rft.pub=Freedom+House&rft.date=2018-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Freport%2Ffreedom-world%2F2017%2Flaos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croissant212-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Croissant212_64-0">60.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Croissant212_64-1">60.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Croissant212_64-2">60.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFAurel_Croissant2016" class="citation book cs1">Aurel Croissant (2016). <i>Die politischen Systeme Südostasiens: eine Einführung</i>. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. p. 212. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (ບໍ່ມີໜ້ານີ້)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94:BookSources/978-3-531-14349-1" title="ພິເສດ:BookSources/978-3-531-14349-1"><bdi>978-3-531-14349-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+politischen+Systeme+S%C3%BCdostasiens%3A+eine+Einf%C3%BChrung&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Springer+VS&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-3-531-14349-1&rft.au=Aurel+Croissant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloggang.com%2Fviewdiary.php%3Fid%3Dtantailovegongtup%26group%3D18&ei=-twQUua3EYmuyQGn64Aw&usg=AFQjCNFUZwqPzQJeXqefqMBJlUs8f9LQ-g">รวมทริปท่องเที่ยวเวียงจันทน์ ลาว - BlogGang.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kroobannok.com%2Fblog%2F25029&ei=-twQUua3EYmuyQGn64Aw&usg=AFQjCNH8BBAgzYrShmTgqNasKZg2KRabDA">"คนลาว" ....เรียบง่ายแต่มีความสุข</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/business/global/26beer.html">Just Another Beer? Not to Those in Laos - NYTimes.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">/ref>laosis.lsb.gov.la</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ຄາດຄະເນພົນລະເມືອງລາວປີ2020(ກົມສະຖິຕິສູນສະຖິຕິແຫ່ງຊາດ-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ຄາດຄະເນພົນລະເມືອງລາວປີ2020(ກົມສະຖິຕິສູນສະຖິຕິແຫ່ງຊາດ_69-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.lsb.gov.la">https://www.lsb.gov.la</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ຄາດຄະເນພົນລະເມືອງລາວປີ2018(ກົມສະຖິຕິສູນສະຖິຕິແຫ່ງຊາດ-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ຄາດຄະເນພົນລະເມືອງລາວປີ2018(ກົມສະຖິຕິສູນສະຖິຕິແຫ່ງຊາດ_70-0">66.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ຄາດຄະເນພົນລະເມືອງລາວປີ2018(ກົມສະຖິຕິສູນສະຖິຕິແຫ່ງຊາດ_70-1">66.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.lsb.gov.la">https://www.lsb.gov.la</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ບັນນານຸກົມ"><span id=".E0.BA.9A.E0.BA.B1.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.B2.E0.BA.99.E0.BA.B8.E0.BA.81.E0.BA.BB.E0.BA.A1"></span>ບັນນານຸກົມ</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r110408" /><cite id="CITEREFມະຫາ_ສີລາ_ວີຣະວົງສ໌" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2_%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%8C" title="ສິລາ ວີຣະວົງສ໌">ມະຫາ ສີລາ ວີຣະວົງສ໌</a>. ສຸເນດ ບຸນຍາວົງ; ດວງເດືອນ ໂພທິສານ (eds.). <i>(ພົງສາວະດານລາວ)ປວັດສາດລາວ ແຕ່ບູຮານເຖິງ 1946 (ຕົ້ນສະບັບ1958) (ພິມຄັ້ງທີ3 2001)</i>. ສ.ປ.ປ. ລາວ, ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ: ຫໍສະໝຸດແຫ່ງຊາດ.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%28%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%29%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7+%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%87+1946+%28%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A1958%29+%28%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B53+2001%29&rft.place=%E0%BA%AA.%E0%BA%9B.%E0%BA%9B.+%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%2C+%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99&rft.pub=%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9D%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94&rft.au=%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B2+%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2+%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flo.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7" 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