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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1.2</span> <span>Audiencia Nacional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audiencia_Nacional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autonomous_communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autonomous_communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Autonomous communities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autonomous_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-High_Courts_of_Justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_Courts_of_Justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2.1</span> <span>High Courts of Justice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_Courts_of_Justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provincial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Provincial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provincial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Audiencia_Provincial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audiencia_Provincial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3.1</span> <span>Audiencia Provincial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audiencia_Provincial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jurisdictional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jurisdictional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Jurisdictional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jurisdictional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Courts_of_first_instance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courts_of_first_instance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Courts of first instance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courts_of_first_instance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courts_of_inquiry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courts_of_inquiry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Courts of inquiry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courts_of_inquiry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criminal_courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Criminal courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Administrative courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Social courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Justices_of_the_Peace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Justices_of_the_Peace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.6</span> <span>Justices of the Peace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Justices_of_the_Peace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Juvenile_courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juvenile_courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.7</span> <span>Juvenile courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juvenile_courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penitentiary_surveillance_courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penitentiary_surveillance_courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.8</span> <span>Penitentiary surveillance courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penitentiary_surveillance_courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Constitutional Court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Officers_of_the_court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officers_of_the_court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Officers of the court</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Officers_of_the_court-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Officers of the court subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Officers_of_the_court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judges_and_magistrates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judges_and_magistrates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Judges and magistrates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judges_and_magistrates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Judiciary of Spain</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_judicial_d%27Espanya" title="Poder judicial d'Espanya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Poder judicial d'Espanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerichtsorganisation_in_Spanien" title="Gerichtsorganisation in Spanien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gerichtsorganisation in Spanien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poder_judicial_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Poder judicial de España – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" 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class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Spain" title="Politics of Spain">Politics of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_(variant).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg/180px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg/270px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg/360px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="741" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">Constitution</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Constitutional_Court_(Spain)" title="President of the Constitutional Court (Spain)">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ndido_Conde-Pumpido" title="Cándido Conde-Pumpido">Cándido Conde-Pumpido</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vice President <ul><li>Inmaculada Montalbán Huertas</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constitutions_of_Spain" title="List of constitutions of Spain">Constitutional history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Spain" title="Human rights in Spain">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Spain" title="Taxation in Spain">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Spain" title="Law of Spain">Law</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Spain" title="Abortion in Spain">Abortion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationality_law" title="Spanish nationality law">Nationality</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Spain" title="Capital punishment in Spain">Capital punishment</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment_in_Spain" title="Life imprisonment in Spain">Life imprisonment</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Royal_Household_of_Spain" title="Royal Household of Spain">Royal Household</a></b></div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">The Monarch</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_monarchs" title="List of Spanish monarchs">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></dd></dl></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Spanish_throne" title="Succession to the Spanish throne">Heir presumptive</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heirs_to_the_Spanish_throne" title="List of heirs to the Spanish throne">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Leonor,_Princess_of_Asturias" title="Leonor, Princess of Asturias">Leonor, Princess of Asturias</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">Royal family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Spanish_throne" title="Succession to the Spanish throne">Succession to the Spanish throne</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government of the Nation</a></b></div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Prime Minister of Spain">Prime Minister</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="List of prime ministers of Spain">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">Deputy Prime Minister</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Deputy_Prime_Ministers_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Deputy Prime Ministers of Spain">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Jes%C3%BAs_Montero" title="María Jesús Montero">María Jesús Montero</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">first</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolanda_D%C3%ADaz" title="Yolanda Díaz">Yolanda Díaz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Second_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Second Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">second</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Ribera" title="Teresa Ribera">Teresa Ribera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Third_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Third Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">third</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Spain)" title="Council of Ministers (Spain)">Council of Ministers</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1nchez_III_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Sánchez III Government">Sánchez III Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_government_departments" title="Spanish government departments">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Delegation_(Spain)" title="Government Delegation (Spain)">Government Delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Delegated_Committees" title="Government Delegated Committees">Government Delegated Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interministerial_Committees" title="Interministerial Committees">Interministerial Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_prime-ministerial_transition" title="Spanish prime-ministerial transition">Spanish prime-ministerial transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_in_Spain" title="List of agencies in Spain">List of agencies in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Council_of_State" title="Spanish Council of State">Council of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Council_(Spain)" title="Economic and Social Council (Spain)">Economic and Social Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/15th_Cortes_Generales" title="15th Cortes Generales">15th Cortes Generales</a>)</span></div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Spain" title="Senate of Spain">Senate</a></b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/15th_Senate_of_Spain" title="15th Senate of Spain">15th Senate</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Spanish_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Spanish Senate">Speaker</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Senate_of_Spain" title="List of presidents of the Senate of Spain">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Roll%C3%A1n" title="Pedro Rollán">Pedro Rollán</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress of Deputies</a></b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/15th_Congress_of_Deputies" title="15th Congress of Deputies">15th Congress</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Congress_of_Deputies" title="President of the Congress of Deputies">Speaker</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Congress_of_Deputies_of_Spain" title="List of presidents of the Congress of Deputies of Spain">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francina_Armengol" title="Francina Armengol">Francina Armengol</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group_(Spain)" title="Parliamentary group (Spain)">Parliamentary groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Deputation" title="Permanent Deputation">Permanent Deputation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureaus_of_the_Cortes_Generales" title="Bureaus of the Cortes Generales">Bureaus of the Cortes Generales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Spokespersons" title="Board of Spokespersons">Board of Spokespersons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ombudsman_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ombudsman of Spain">People's Defender <span style="font-size:85%;">(ombudsman)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Opening_of_the_Parliament_of_Spain" title="Solemn Opening of the Parliament of Spain">Solemn Opening of the Parliament of Spain</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Judiciary" title="General Council of the Judiciary">General Council of the Judiciary</a></b></div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">Supreme Court</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Supreme Court of Spain">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Supreme Court of Spain">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Perell%C3%B3" title="Isabel Perelló">Isabel Perelló</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Supreme_Court_(Spain)" title="Vice President of the Supreme Court (Spain)">Vice President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Mar%C3%ADn_Cast%C3%A1n" title="Francisco Marín Castán">Francisco Marín Castán</a> (acting)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Audiencia_Nacional" title="Audiencia Nacional">Audiencia Nacional</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_justice_(Spain)" title="High courts of justice (Spain)">High courts of justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Auditors_(Spain)" title="Court of Auditors (Spain)">Court of Auditors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecution_Ministry" title="Prosecution Ministry">Prosecution Ministry</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Spain" title="Bank of Spain">Bank of Spain</a></b></div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bank_of_Spain" title="Governor of the Bank of Spain">Governor of the Bank of Spain</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_Cos" title="Pablo Hernández de Cos">Pablo Hernández de Cos</a></li></ul></li> <li>Deputy Governor of the Bank of Spain <ul><li>Margarita Delgado Tejero</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Mint of Spain">Royal Mint of Spain</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Spain" title="Political divisions of Spain">Administrative subdivisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_regional_legislatures" title="List of Spanish regional legislatures">Legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_regional_governments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish regional governments">Governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_presidents_of_the_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="List of current presidents of the autonomous communities of Spain">Presidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain#Autonomous_cities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Spain" title="Comarcas of Spain">Comarcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">Municipalities</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Spain" title="List of political parties in Spain">Political parties</a></li> <li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">General</a>: <a href="/wiki/April_2019_Spanish_general_election" title="April 2019 Spanish general election">2019 (Apr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Spanish_general_election" title="November 2019 Spanish general election">2019 (Nov)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Spanish_general_election" title="2023 Spanish general election"><i>2023</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_regional_legislatures" title="List of Spanish regional legislatures">Regional</a>: <a href="/wiki/2015_Spanish_regional_elections" title="2015 Spanish regional elections">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Spanish_regional_elections" title="2019 Spanish regional elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Spanish_regional_elections" title="2023 Spanish regional elections">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spain_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Spain (European Parliament constituency)">European</a>: <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2014 European Parliament election in Spain">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2019 European Parliament election in Spain">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2024 European Parliament election in Spain"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Referendums: <a href="/wiki/1978_Spanish_constitutional_referendum" title="1978 Spanish constitutional referendum">1978</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1986_Spanish_NATO_membership_referendum" title="1986 Spanish NATO membership referendum">1986</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Spanish_European_Constitution_referendum" title="2005 Spanish European Constitution referendum">2005</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">Diplomatic missions</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Spain" title="List of diplomatic missions of Spain">of Spain</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Spain" title="List of diplomatic missions in Spain">in Spain</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Spain" title="List of political parties in Spain">Political parties</a>: <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">PSOE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Podemos_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Podemos (Spanish political party)">Podemos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">C's</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_Francisco_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictatorship of Francisco Franco">Dictatorship of Francisco Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Anarchism in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Spain" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Spain">Liberalism and radicalism in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationalisms_and_regionalisms_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain">Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_nationalism" title="Catalan nationalism">Catalan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_nationalism" title="Galician nationalism">Galician</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_independence_movement" title="Catalan independence movement">Catalan independence movement</a> (<a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Spanish_constitutional_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2017–18 Spanish constitutional crisis">Spanish constitutional crisis of 2017–18</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Disputed status of Gibraltar">Disputed status of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Spain" title="Republicanism in Spain">Republicanism in Spain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/16px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/24px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Spain" title="Template:Politics of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Politics of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Judiciary of Spain</b> consists of <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">Courts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tribunal" title="Tribunal">Tribunals</a>, composed of <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magistrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Magistrates">magistrates</a> (Justices), who have the power to administer justice in the name of the King of Spain. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law">Law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Spain" title="Law of Spain">Law of Spain</a></div> <p>The Spanish legal system is a <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> system based on comprehensive legal codes and laws rooted in <a href="/wiki/Roman_law" title="Roman law">Roman law</a>, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>, which is based on precedent court rulings. Operation of the Spanish judiciary is regulated by <a href="/wiki/Organic_Law_(Spain)" title="Organic Law (Spain)">Organic Law</a> 6/1985 of Judicial Power, Law 1/2000 of Civil Judgement, Law of September 14 1882 on Criminal Judgement, Law 29/1998 of Administrative Jurisdiction, Royal Legislative Decree 2/1995, which rewrote the Law of Labour Procedure, and Organic Law 2/1989 that regulates Military Criminal Procedure.<sup id="cite_ref-catena_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catena-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_principles">Constitutional principles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Constitutional principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">Spanish Constitution</a> guarantees respect for the essential principles necessary for the correct functioning of the judiciary: </p> <ul><li>Impartiality: to guarantee the assured effective judicial trusteeship to all citizens by the Constitution, judges must remain impartial in cases that they judge and must abstain from cases that they have no reason to enter into.</li> <li>Independence: courts and tribunals are independent of all authority or people in the exercise of jurisdictional power.</li> <li>Irremovability: judges and magistrates are irremovable and cannot be removed, suspended, separated or retired without cause and with guarantees established by law.</li> <li>Responsibility: judges and magistrates are personally responsible for their disciplinary infractions and crimes committed in the exercise of their office; this responsibility can only be required by the established legal disciplinary tract, without interference by the executive or legislative branches of the government or through ordinary legal proceedings.</li> <li>Legality: in the exercise of their jurisdictional functions, judges and magistrates are subject to the Constitution and to the rest of the laws just as other branches of government and citizens are.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Court_organization">Court organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Court organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The judiciary can be organised into different levels of territorial organisation: </p> <ul><li>the national courts</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous communities of Spain</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">provinces of Spain</a></li> <li>the judicial district, which is the basic unit of the judiciary, covers one or several municipalities, and is served by at least one first instance and inquiry court</li></ul> <p>The judiciary can be also organised into five jurisdictional orders, which are each composed of several different circuits: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_law" title="Private law">civil jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_law" title="Administrative law">administrative jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_law" title="Labour law">labour or social jurisdiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Military law">military jurisdiction</a></li></ul> <p>Unipersonal courts are those courts that are controlled by one judge as opposed to the rest of the High Courts of Justice controlled by panels of judges. They are the basic units of judicial procedure in Spain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial">Territorial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Territorial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sede_del_Tribunal_Supremo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_(Madrid)_01b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sede_del_Tribunal_Supremo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28Madrid%29_01b.jpg/400px-Sede_del_Tribunal_Supremo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28Madrid%29_01b.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sede_del_Tribunal_Supremo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28Madrid%29_01b.jpg/600px-Sede_del_Tribunal_Supremo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28Madrid%29_01b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sede_del_Tribunal_Supremo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28Madrid%29_01b.jpg/800px-Sede_del_Tribunal_Supremo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28Madrid%29_01b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="1881" /></a><figcaption>Home of the Supreme Court of Spain, in Madrid.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National">National</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: National"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Supreme_Court">Supreme Court</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Supreme Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">Supreme Court of Spain</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">Supreme Court of Spain</a> (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Tribunal Supremo</i></span>) is the highest judicial body in Spain. Composed of five chambers, it has cognizance of all jurisdictional orders and its rulings cannot be appealed, except to the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court</a>, when one of the parties claims that their constitutional rights have been infringed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Audiencia_Nacional">Audiencia Nacional</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Audiencia Nacional"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Audiencia_Nacional_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Audiencia Nacional of Spain">Audiencia Nacional</a></i></span>, based in Madrid, has jurisdiction over the entire territory of the nation. It has four Chambers, although it is composed of 3 jurisdictions, that cover: </p> <ul><li>Appeal (no jurisdiction), will take cognizance of appeals against Criminal Jurisdiction rulings.</li> <li>Criminal jurisdiction in cases pertaining to crimes against the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Crown">Spanish Crown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Counterfeiting" class="mw-redirect" title="Counterfeiting">counterfeiting</a> and crimes committed in more than one jurisdiction.</li> <li>Administrative jurisdiction, deals with appeal cases against resolutions of ministers, secretaries of state, the Council of Ministers] and the chiefs of staff of the armed forces.</li> <li>Social jurisdiction involves cases pertaining to collective bargaining agreements that cover more than the territory of one autonomous community.</li></ul> <p>The Audiencia Nacional also has specialized courts dealing with criminal inquiries, penitentiary surveillance and juvenile cases. </p><p>Some jurists consider this court to be unnecessary and a successor to the Public Order Court, the political court during the <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist Period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Autonomous_communities">Autonomous communities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Autonomous communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="High_Courts_of_Justice">High Courts of Justice</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: High Courts of Justice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Justice_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Justice of Spain">High Courts of Justice of Spain</a></div> <p>The High Courts of Justice (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Tribunal Superior de Justicia</i></span>) have authority over a single autonomous community, and are the highest jurisdictional body of the autonomous community without prejudice to the Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are divided into three Chambers covering four jurisdictional orders: </p> <ul><li>The First Chamber, or Civil and Criminal Chamber, is responsible for civil cases involving acts by the president of the autonomous community, members of the government council or of the legislature, and in cases of communities with their own civil law appealing against rulings by inferior courts. In the Case of Criminal Jurisdiction, to inquire, and proceed in cases related to public prosecutors, judges, magistrates, members of the legislature and government council, that relate to their activity within the autonomous community.</li> <li>The Second or Administrative Chamber: hears appeals against resolutions of state bodies not assigned to other courts, appeals against resolutions of the government of an autonomous community or its members, appeals against resolutions of legislative bodies pertaining to administration, appeals against electoral boards and appeals against first instance rulings by administrative courts.</li> <li>The Third or Social Chamber: is responsible for appeals against the rulings of first instance social courts and of cases pertaining to collective bargaining agreements that affect the territory of one autonomous community.</li></ul> <p>Some examples are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Cantabria" title="High Court of Justice of Cantabria">High Court of Justice of Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="High Court of Justice of Castile and León">High Court of Justice of Castile and León</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provincial">Provincial</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Provincial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Audiencia_Provincial">Audiencia Provincial</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Audiencia Provincial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Audiencia Provincial</i></span> is a court that covers the territory of a single province and is responsible for two jurisdictional orders, civil and criminal. </p> <ul><li>Civil chambers: are responsible for appeals against judgements by courts of first instance.</li> <li>Criminal chambers: judge serious criminal cases.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jurisdictional">Jurisdictional</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Jurisdictional"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Courts_of_first_instance">Courts of first instance</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Courts of first instance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The courts of first instance are the basic courts of civil jurisdiction assigned to judicial districts. They hear all cases not assigned to High Courts of Justice, and also act as courts of second instance (appeal) in relation to rulings by Justices of the Peace. Judges of first instance are usually responsible for the civil registry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Courts_of_inquiry">Courts of inquiry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Courts of inquiry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Courts of inquiry are responsible for investigating all criminal cases in order for them to be judged by High Courts of Justice. In the case of smaller districts, first instance and inquiry courts are usually unified under the responsibility of one judge.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criminal_courts">Criminal courts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Criminal courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Judge less serious crimes and misdemeanor, as well as acting as second instance (appeal) courts for the courts of Justices of the Peace. They are assigned to every judicial district – a smaller division inside of a province which includes various municipalities –. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Administrative_courts">Administrative courts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Administrative courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Are responsible for all cases corresponding to appeals for national and autonomic bodies not assigned by the constitution to other courts as of the appeals to resolutions issued by municipal bodies. They are assigned to a province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social_courts">Social courts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Social courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Social courts are basic courts related to labour law, and are assigned to a province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Justices_of_the_Peace">Justices of the Peace</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Justices of the Peace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These courts are assigned to a municipality that is not the head of a judicial district and are presided over by a justice of the peace. Their responsibilities relate to the criminal and civil orders in minor cases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Juvenile_courts">Juvenile courts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Juvenile courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Criminal cases committed by those who are over 14 years old and under 18 years old are the responsibility of juvenile courts and are ruled under the Organic Law 1/2000 “of Criminal Responsibilities of Minors” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penitentiary_surveillance_courts">Penitentiary surveillance courts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Penitentiary surveillance courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oversee penitentiary conditions for criminals and establish penitentiary degrees or conditional freedom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_Court">Constitutional Court</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Constitutional Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court of Spain</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court</a> is not considered part of the judiciary, but as an independent branch of the state responsible for interpretation of the constitution. Despite this, its functionality and activities are usually similar to those of the rest of the judiciary.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Officers_of_the_court">Officers of the court</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Officers of the court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judges_and_magistrates">Judges and magistrates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Judges and magistrates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Spanish Judiciary is a professional judiciary whose members are public servants divided into the three categories of judge, magistrate, and Supreme Court magistrate<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Entrance to the judiciary is limited to Spanish nationals who hold a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Bachelor's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Legal_education" title="Legal education">Law</a> issued by a Spanish university and who are not legally disbarred from applying. Applicants must pass a competitive state exam, a state exam with contest of merits, or a contest of merits.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selected applicants enter the Judiciary School where they take mandatory courses over a year, as well as carrying out practical courses as associate judges in courts and tribunals of the different jurisdictional orders. Candidates passing this course are then sworn in as judges.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Magistrates of the supreme court can be drafted in a contest of merits between prestigious jurists and lawyers with more than fifteen years of professional experience.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One in every five judges of the supreme court is recruited this way.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Justices of the peace do not belong to the judiciary and are local people elected by the town council of the city where they were appointed. </p><p>Judges and magistrates are banned from membership of political parties and <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unions">trade unions</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from issuing messages of congratulation or censuring public powers or official corporations, and from attending public meetings or rallies in their role as members of the judiciary.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sede_del_C.G.P.J._de_Espa%C3%B1a_(Madrid)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sede_del_C.G.P.J._de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg/280px-Sede_del_C.G.P.J._de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sede_del_C.G.P.J._de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg/420px-Sede_del_C.G.P.J._de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sede_del_C.G.P.J._de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg/560px-Sede_del_C.G.P.J._de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28Madrid%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4163" data-file-height="2578" /></a><figcaption>Home of the <a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Judiciary" title="General Council of the Judiciary">G.C.J.</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Judiciary" title="General Council of the Judiciary">General Council of the Judiciary</a></div> <p>Governance of the Spanish Judiciary is assigned to the <a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Judicial_Power_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="General Council of the Judicial Power of Spain">General Council of the Judiciary</a>. This constitutional body, although not a court in itself, is responsible for overseeing the work of all courts and tribunals of Spain, as well as of allocating judges and magistrates to each of them. </p><p>The General Council is composed of 20 members, twelve of who must be judges and magistrates and the remaining eight other jurists (lawyers, professors etc.) of renowned competence and with more than fifteen years professional experience.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the twelve judges, six are elected by the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress of Deputies</a> and six by the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Spain" title="Senate of Spain">Senate</a> by three fifths supermajority from a list of thirty-six candidates proposed by professional associations of judges and magistrates according to the size of their membership or any independent candidate who obtains the endorsement of two percent of their colleagues. Of the eight jurists four are elected by the Congress of Deputies and four by the Senate by three fifths supermajority.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-catena-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-catena_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFM._Moreno_Catena2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Catena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Catena (page does not exist)">M. Moreno Catena, Victor</a> (2000). <i>Introducción al Derecho Drocesal</i>. Valentín Cortés Domínguez; Vicente Gimeno Sendra (3rd ed.). Colex, Spain. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7879-581-2" title="Special:BookSources/84-7879-581-2"><bdi>84-7879-581-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50563214">50563214</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducci%C3%B3n+al+Derecho+Drocesal&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Colex%2C+Spain&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50563214&rft.isbn=84-7879-581-2&rft.aulast=M.+Moreno+Catena&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJudiciary+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moreno Catena, Victor et al.….</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Art 152.1 CE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moreno Catena, Victor et al.…</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moreno Catena, Victor et al.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Art. 298.2 LO 6/1985 <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Del Poder Judicial</i></span>(LOPJ)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Art 301 LOPJ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Art 307 LOPJ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">art 345 LOPJ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">art 343 LOPJ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">art 127.1 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">Spanish Constitution of 1978</a>(CE)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">art. 395 LOPJ</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Art. 122 Spanish Constitution</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">art 112 LOPJ</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poderjudicial.es">Judiciary of Spain webpage</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Judiciary_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Judiciary_of_Spain" title="Template:Judiciary of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Judiciary_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Judiciary of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Judiciary_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Judiciary of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Judiciary_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judiciary of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Governing body</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Judiciary" title="General Council of the Judiciary">General Council of the Judiciary</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_Court_(Spain)" title="President of the Supreme Court (Spain)">President</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_Court_(Spain)" title="President of the Supreme Court (Spain)">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Supreme_Court_(Spain)" title="Vice President of the Supreme Court (Spain)">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audiencia_Nacional" title="Audiencia Nacional">Audiencia Nacional</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_justice_(Spain)" title="High courts of justice (Spain)">High Courts of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Andalusia,_Ceuta_and_Melilla" title="High Court of Justice of Andalusia, Ceuta and Melilla">Andalusia, Ceuta and Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Canarias" title="High Court of Justice of Canarias">Canarias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Cantabria" title="High Court of Justice of Cantabria">Cantabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="High Court of Justice of Castile and León">Castile and León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Castile-La_Mancha" title="High Court of Justice of Castile-La Mancha">Castile-La Mancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Catalonia" title="High Court of Justice of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Extremadura" title="High Court of Justice of Extremadura">Extremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice_of_Galicia" title="High Court of Justice of Galicia">Galicia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiencia_provincial_(Spain)" title="Audiencia provincial (Spain)">Audiencia provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_districts_of_Spain" title="Judicial districts of Spain">Judicial districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Courts_for_Violence_against_Women" title="Spanish Courts for Violence against Women">Courts for Violence against Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosecution_Ministry" title="Prosecution Ministry">Prosecution Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Attorney_General" title="Spanish Attorney General">Prosecutor General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Courts outside the Judiciary</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Constitutional_Court_(Spain)" title="President of the Constitutional Court (Spain)">President</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Auditors_(Spain)" title="Court of Auditors (Spain)">Court of Auditors</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Judiciaries_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Judiciaries_of_Europe" title="Template:Judiciaries of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Judiciaries_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Judiciaries of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Judiciaries_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Judiciaries of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Judiciaries_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Judiciaries of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Albania" title="Judiciary of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Andorra" title="Judiciary of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Armenia" title="Judiciary of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Austria" title="Judiciary of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Azerbaijan" title="Judiciary of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Belgium" title="Judiciary of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Croatia" title="Judiciary of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Cyprus" title="Judiciary of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Judiciary of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_France" title="Judiciary of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Germany" title="Judiciary of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Greece" title="Judiciary of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Italy" title="Judiciary of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Luxembourg" title="Judiciary of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malta" title="Judiciary of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Netherlands" title="Judiciary of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Norway" title="Judiciary of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Poland" title="Judiciary of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Portugal" title="Judiciary of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Romania" title="Judiciary of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Russia" title="Judiciary of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_San_Marino" title="Judiciary of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Serbia" title="Judiciary of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Slovenia" title="Judiciary of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Sweden" title="Judiciary of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Ukraine" title="Judiciary of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Scotland" title="Judiciary of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Kosovo" title="Judiciary of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Judiciary of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Gibraltar" title="Judiciary of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Judiciary of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Jersey" title="Judiciary of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judiciary of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&oldid=1240936318">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judiciary_of_Spain&oldid=1240936318</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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