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id="toc-Stone_Age_beginnings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stone_Age_beginnings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Stone Age beginnings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stone_Age_beginnings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Roman settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spa_town_boom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spa_town_boom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Spa town boom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spa_town_boom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography and geology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_geology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and geology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notable architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Other architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buxton_Festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buxton_Festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Buxton Festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buxton_Festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Other festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Quarrying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quarrying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Quarrying</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quarrying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_and_civic_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_and_civic_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sport and civic organisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_and_civic_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span>Heritage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famous_Buxtonians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_Buxtonians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Famous Buxtonians</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Famous_Buxtonians-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Famous Buxtonians subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Famous_Buxtonians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Public service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>The Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Buxton</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="باكيستون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باكيستون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="بوکستون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوکستون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бакстан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бакстан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton_(Derbyshire)" title="Buxton (Derbyshire) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Buxton (Derbyshire)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton_(lungsod_sa_Hiniusang_Gingharian)" title="Buxton (lungsod sa Hiniusang Gingharian) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Buxton (lungsod sa Hiniusang Gingharian)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton_(Derbyshire)" title="Buxton (Derbyshire) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buxton (Derbyshire)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="بوکستون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوکستون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton_(Derbyshire)" title="Buxton (Derbyshire) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Buxton (Derbyshire)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%85%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4" title="벅스턴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벅스턴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquae_Arnemetiae" title="Aquae Arnemetiae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aquae Arnemetiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakstona" title="Bakstona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bakstona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="باكستين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باكستين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton_(Derbyshire)" title="Buxton (Derbyshire) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Buxton (Derbyshire)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton_(Derbyshire)" title="Buxton (Derbyshire) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Buxton (Derbyshire)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80)" title="Бакстон (Дербишир) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бакстон (Дербишир)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxton" title="Buxton – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Buxton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93" title="巴克斯頓 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴克斯頓" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q971223#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Buxton&params=53.259_N_1.911_W_region:GB_type:city(20048)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°15′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°54′40″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.259°N 1.911°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.259; -1.911</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Derbyshire, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Buckton_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Buckton (disambiguation)">Buckton (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buckston" title="Buckston">Buckston</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Buckstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Buckstone">Buckstone</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Buxton_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Buxton (disambiguation)">Buxton (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Buxton</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Town</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxton_scene,_autumn_(geograph_3191760).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Buxton_scene%2C_autumn_%28geograph_3191760%29.jpg/250px-Buxton_scene%2C_autumn_%28geograph_3191760%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Buxton_scene%2C_autumn_%28geograph_3191760%29.jpg/500px-Buxton_scene%2C_autumn_%28geograph_3191760%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="758" /></a></span><div>Buxton town centre</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Derbyshire_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buxton is located in Derbyshire"><img alt="Buxton is located in Derbyshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Derbyshire_UK_location_map.svg/250px-Derbyshire_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Derbyshire_UK_location_map.svg/500px-Derbyshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="1305" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.837%;left:15.521%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Buxton"><img alt="Buxton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Buxton</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">20,048 (<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=53.258473~-1.913017&lvl=13&sp=Point.53.258473_-1.913017_Buxton&sty=s&style=s">SK059735</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Peak,_Derbyshire" title="High Peak, Derbyshire">High Peak</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Shire county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">BUXTON</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SK_postcode_area" title="SK postcode area">SK17</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01298</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire_Constabulary" title="Derbyshire Constabulary">Derbyshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Derbyshire Fire and Rescue Service">Derbyshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Ambulance_Service" title="East Midlands Ambulance Service">East Midlands</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Peak_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="High Peak (UK Parliament constituency)">High Peak</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Derbyshire" title="List of places in Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Buxton&params=53.259_N_1.911_W_region:GB_type:city(20048)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°15′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°54′40″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.259°N 1.911°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.259; -1.911</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Buxton</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Spa_town" title="Spa town">spa town</a> in the <a href="/wiki/High_Peak,_Derbyshire" title="High Peak, Derbyshire">Borough of High Peak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a> region of England. It is England's highest <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">market town</a>, sited at some 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alston_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alston-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lies close to <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a> to the south, on the edge of the <a href="/wiki/Peak_District" title="Peak District">Peak District National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">municipal borough</a> merged with other nearby boroughs, including <a href="/wiki/Glossop" title="Glossop">Glossop</a>, to form the <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">local government district</a> and borough of High Peak. </p><p>The town population was 22,115 at the 2011 Census. Sights include <a href="/wiki/Poole%27s_Cavern" title="Poole's Cavern">Poole's Cavern</a>, a limestone cavern; <a href="/wiki/St_Ann%27s_Well_(Buxton)" title="St Ann's Well (Buxton)">St Ann's Well</a>, fed by a geothermal spring bottled by Buxton Mineral Water Company; and many historic buildings, including <a href="/wiki/John_Carr_(architect)" title="John Carr (architect)">John Carr's</a> restored <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Crescent" title="Buxton Crescent">Buxton Crescent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Currey_(architect)" title="Henry Currey (architect)">Henry Currey</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Baths" title="Buxton Baths">Buxton Baths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Matcham" title="Frank Matcham">Frank Matcham</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Opera_House" title="Buxton Opera House">Buxton Opera House</a>. The Devonshire Campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Derby" title="University of Derby">University of Derby</a> occupies historic premises. Buxton is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with <a href="/wiki/Oignies" title="Oignies">Oignies</a> in France and <a href="/wiki/Bad_Nauheim" title="Bad Nauheim">Bad Nauheim</a> in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origins of the name are unclear. It may derive from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> for Buck Stone or for <a href="/wiki/Rocking_Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocking Stone">Rocking Stone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town grew in importance in the late 18th century, when it was developed by the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Duke of Devonshire">Dukes of Devonshire</a>, with a resurgence a century later as <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorians</a> were drawn to the reputed healing properties of its waters.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stone_Age_beginnings">Stone Age beginnings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Stone Age beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first inhabitants of Buxton made homes at <a href="/wiki/Lismore_Fields" title="Lismore Fields">Lismore Fields</a> some 6,000 years ago. This <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a> settlement, a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monument" title="Scheduled monument">scheduled monument</a>, was rediscovered in 1984, with remains of a <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> timber roundhouse and <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> longhouses.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_settlement">Roman settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roman settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Romans</a> developed a settlement known as <a href="/wiki/Aquae_Arnemetiae" title="Aquae Arnemetiae">Aquae Arnemetiae</a> ("Baths of the grove goddess").<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coins found show the Romans were in Buxton throughout their occupation of Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Batham_Gate" title="Batham Gate">Batham Gate</a> ("road to the bath town") is a <a href="/wiki/Roman_roads" title="Roman roads">Roman road</a> from <a href="/wiki/Templeborough" title="Templeborough">Templebrough</a> Roman fort in <a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire" title="South Yorkshire">South Yorkshire</a> to <a href="/wiki/Navio_Roman_Fort" title="Navio Roman Fort">Navio Roman Fort</a> and on to Buxton. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Buckestones</i> was first recorded in the 12th century as part of the <a href="/wiki/Honour_of_Peverel" title="Honour of Peverel">Peverel family's estate</a>. From 1153 the town was within the Duchy of Lancaster's Crown estate, close to the <a href="/wiki/Forest_of_High_Peak" title="Forest of High Peak">Royal Forest of the Peak</a> on the Fairfield side of the River Wye. Monastic farms were set up in Fairfield in the 13th century and in the 14th; its royal ownership was reflected in the name of <i>Kyngesbucstones</i>. </p><p>By 1460, Buxton's spring had been pronounced a holy one dedicated to St Anne, who was canonised in 1382. A chapel had appeared there by 1498.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spa_town_boom">Spa town boom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Spa town boom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:055383_st_anns_well.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/055383_st_anns_well.jpg/150px-055383_st_anns_well.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/055383_st_anns_well.jpg/225px-055383_st_anns_well.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/055383_st_anns_well.jpg/300px-055383_st_anns_well.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>People filling bottles with water at St Ann's Well</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxton_wells.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Buxton_wells.JPG/220px-Buxton_wells.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Buxton_wells.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="177" /></a><figcaption>Buxton Wells, from a 1610 map</figcaption></figure> <p>Built on the <a href="/wiki/River_Wye,_Derbyshire" title="River Wye, Derbyshire">River Wye</a>, and overlooked by <a href="/wiki/Axe_Edge_Moor" title="Axe Edge Moor">Axe Edge Moor</a>, Buxton became a spa town for its geothermal spring,<sup id="cite_ref-Dunn_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which gushes at a steady 28 °C. </p><p>The spring waters are piped to <a href="/wiki/St_Ann%27s_Well_(Buxton)" title="St Ann's Well (Buxton)">St Ann's Well</a>, a shrine since medieval times at the foot of <a href="/wiki/The_Slopes,_Buxton" title="The Slopes, Buxton">The Slopes</a>, opposite the <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Crescent" title="Buxton Crescent">Crescent</a> and near the town centre.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The well was called one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Peak" title="Seven Wonders of the Peak">Seven Wonders of the Peak</a> by the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a> in his 1636 book <i>De Mirabilibus Pecci: Being The Wonders of the Peak in Darby-shire.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>The Dukes of Devonshire became involved in 1780, when the <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_5th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire">William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire</a> used profits from his <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> mines to develop it as a spa in the style of <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>. Their ancestor <a href="/wiki/Bess_of_Hardwick" title="Bess of Hardwick">Bess of Hardwick</a> had brought one of her four husbands, the <a href="/wiki/George_Talbot,_6th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury">Earl of Shrewsbury</a>, to "take the waters" at Buxton in 1569, shortly after he became the gaoler of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>, and took Mary there in 1573.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She called Buxton "<i>La Fontagne de Bogsby</i>". She stayed at the site of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Hall_Hotel" title="Old Hall Hotel">Old Hall Hotel</a>, where Earl of Shrewsbury had built a lodging for visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to John Jones of Derby, author of <i>Buxtone's Bathes Benefyte</i> (1572), the visitors to Shrewsbury's "goodly house" enjoyed a game of table bowls known as <i>trou madame</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxton_Spring_Gardens,_1965.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Buxton_Spring_Gardens%2C_1965.png/250px-Buxton_Spring_Gardens%2C_1965.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Buxton_Spring_Gardens%2C_1965.png/330px-Buxton_Spring_Gardens%2C_1965.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Buxton_Spring_Gardens%2C_1965.png/500px-Buxton_Spring_Gardens%2C_1965.png 2x" data-file-width="3230" data-file-height="1579" /></a><figcaption>Buxton in 1965 with shoppers and tourists filling Spring Gardens</figcaption></figure> <p>The area features in the works of <a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. H. Auden">W. H. Auden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë">Emily Brontë</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunn_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buxton's profile was boosted by a recommendation from <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Darwin" title="Erasmus Darwin">Erasmus Darwin</a> of the waters there and at <a href="/wiki/Matlock,_Derbyshire" title="Matlock, Derbyshire">Matlock</a>, addressed to <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Wedgwood" title="Josiah Wedgwood">Josiah Wedgwood</a> I. The Wedgwood family often visited Buxton and commended the area to their friends.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Two of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>'s half-cousins, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Levett_Darwin" title="Edward Levett Darwin">Edward Levett Darwin</a> and Reginald Darwin, settled there.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Buxton_railway_station" title="Buxton railway station">arrival of the railway</a> in 1863 stimulated growth: the population of 1,800 in 1861 exceeded 6,000 by 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buxton held a base for British and Canadian troops in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">the First World War</a>. Granville Military Hospital was set up at the Buxton Hydropathic Hotel, with the <a href="/wiki/Palace_Hotel,_Buxton" title="Palace Hotel, Buxton">Palace Hotel</a> annexed. The author <a href="/wiki/Vera_Brittain" title="Vera Brittain">Vera Brittain</a> trained as a <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Aid_Detachment" title="Voluntary Aid Detachment">Voluntary Aid Detachment</a> nurse at the <a href="/wiki/Devonshire_Royal_Hospital" title="Devonshire Royal Hospital">Devonshire Hospital</a> in 1915. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a> based in Buxton used the Pavilion Gardens' lakes for training to build pontoon bridges.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prisoner of war camps at Ladmanlow and Peak Dale were established in 1917 to supply workers for the local limestone quarries.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/RAF_Harpur_Hill" title="RAF Harpur Hill">RAF Harpur Hill</a> became an underground bomb-storage facility during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the country's largest munitions dump. It was also the base for the Peak District section of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Mountain_Rescue_Service" title="Royal Air Force Mountain Rescue Service">RAF Mountain Rescue Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prisoner of war camps for Italians and Germans were set up on Lismore Road, off Macclesfield Road and at Dove Holes.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a decline as a spa resort in the earlier 20th century, Buxton had a resurgence in the 1950s and 1970s. The Playhouse Theatre kept a <a href="/wiki/Repertory_theatre" title="Repertory theatre">repertory</a> company and pop concerts were held at the Octagon (including <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> in 1963).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Opera House re-opened in 1979 with the launch of the Buxton Festival, and the town was being used as a base for exploring the Peak District.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_geology">Geography and geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography and geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although outside the National Park boundary, Buxton is in the western part of the Peak District, between the Lower <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a> limestone of the <a href="/wiki/White_Peak" title="White Peak">White Peak</a> to the east and the Upper Carboniferous <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a>, sandstone and <a href="/wiki/Gritstone" title="Gritstone">gritstone</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dark_Peak" title="Dark Peak">Dark Peak</a> to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early settlement (of which only the parish <a href="/wiki/St_Anne%27s_Church,_Buxton" title="St Anne's Church, Buxton">church of St Anne</a>, built in 1625, remains) was largely made of limestone,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> while the present buildings of locally quarried sandstone, mostly date from the late 18th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At the south edge of the town, the <a href="/wiki/River_Wye,_Derbyshire" title="River Wye, Derbyshire">River Wye</a> has carved an extensive limestone cavern known as <a href="/wiki/Poole%27s_Cavern" title="Poole's Cavern">Poole's Cavern</a>. More than 330 yards (300 metres) of its chambers are open to the public. It contains Derbyshire's largest <a href="/wiki/Stalactite" title="Stalactite">stalactite</a> and some unique "poached egg" <a href="/wiki/Stalagmite" title="Stalagmite">stalagmites</a>. Its name recalls a local highwayman.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighbouring_towns_and_villages37" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighbouring_towns_and_villages37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b>Neighbouring towns and villages</b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Whaley_Bridge" title="Whaley Bridge">Whaley Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chapel-en-le-Frith" title="Chapel-en-le-Frith">Chapel-en-le-Frith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glossop" title="Glossop">Glossop</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castleton,_Derbyshire" title="Castleton, Derbyshire">Castleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/20px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/40px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Macclesfield" title="Macclesfield">Macclesfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congleton" title="Congleton">Congleton</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/20px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/40px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Buxton</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield,_Derbyshire" title="Chesterfield, Derbyshire">Chesterfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baslow" title="Baslow">Baslow</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leek,_Staffordshire" title="Leek, Staffordshire">Leek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ashbourne,_Derbyshire" title="Ashbourne, Derbyshire">Ashbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bakewell" title="Bakewell">Bakewell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matlock,_Derbyshire" title="Matlock, Derbyshire">Matlock</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buxton has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> with short, mild summers and long, cool winters. At about 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buxton is the highest <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">market town</a> in England.<sup id="cite_ref-alston_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alston-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buxton's elevation makes it cooler and wetter than surrounding towns, with a daytime temperature typically about 2 °C lower than Manchester. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a> weather station has collected climate data for the town since 1867, with digitised data from 1959 available online.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1975, the town suffered a freak snowstorm that stopped play during a cricket match.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Buxton, elevation: 299 m (981 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1874–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(96.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.2<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.0<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.7<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.3<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.0<br />(6.8) </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−17.2<br />(1.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.4<br />(5.02) </td> <td style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.1<br />(4.57) </td> <td style="background: #69FF69; color:#000000;" class="notheme">100.0<br />(3.94) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.5<br />(3.41) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.0<br />(3.23) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.6<br />(3.65) </td> <td style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">100.8<br />(3.97) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000;" class="notheme">101.5<br />(4.00) </td> <td style="background: #5CFF5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.7<br />(4.16) </td> <td style="background: #2BFF2B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">141.8<br />(5.58) </td> <td style="background: #2DFF2D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.3<br />(5.37) </td> <td style="background: #1AFF1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.3<br />(6.04) </td> <td style="background: #55FF55; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,344<br />(52.94) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.5 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.0 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.1 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #3C3CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.8 </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.2 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.4 </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">172.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #4B4B4B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.1 </td> <td style="background: #878787; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.6 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104.5 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.3 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.2 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.8 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182.9 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">169.3 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">126.8 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.3 </td> <td style="background: #626262; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52.4 </td> <td style="background: #494949; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.3 </td> <td style="background: #B5B567; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,382.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><sup id="cite_ref-Met_Averages_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_Averages-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Meteorological_Institute" title="Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute">KNMI</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meteo Climat<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_architecture">Notable architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxton_Town_Hall_designed_by_William_Pollard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Buxton_Town_Hall_designed_by_William_Pollard.jpg/250px-Buxton_Town_Hall_designed_by_William_Pollard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Buxton_Town_Hall_designed_by_William_Pollard.jpg/330px-Buxton_Town_Hall_designed_by_William_Pollard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Buxton_Town_Hall_designed_by_William_Pollard.jpg/500px-Buxton_Town_Hall_designed_by_William_Pollard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="908" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Town_Hall" title="Buxton Town Hall">Buxton Town Hall</a> (on the right)</figcaption></figure> <p>The many visitors to Buxton for its thermal waters, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, led to several new buildings to provide hospitality facilities. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Hall_Hotel" title="Old Hall Hotel">Old Hall Hotel</a> is one of the town's oldest buildings. It was owned by <a href="/wiki/George_Talbot,_6th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury">George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury</a>, who with his wife, Bess of Hardwick, acted as the "gaolers" of Mary, Queen of Scots, who came to Buxton several times to take the waters, her final visit being in 1584.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The present building dates from 1670, and has a five-bay front with a <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscan</a> doorway.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxtoncres1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Buxtoncres1.jpg/250px-Buxtoncres1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Buxtoncres1.jpg/330px-Buxtoncres1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Buxtoncres1.jpg/500px-Buxtoncres1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>Buxton Crescent and St Ann's Well</figcaption></figure> <p>The Grade I listed Crescent was built in 1780–1784 for the 5th Duke of Devonshire, as part of his effort to turn Buxton into a fashionable spa town. Modelled on Bath's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Crescent" title="Royal Crescent">Royal Crescent</a>, it was designed by architect <a href="/wiki/John_Carr_(architect)" title="John Carr (architect)">John Carr</a>, together with the neighbouring irregular octagon and colonnade of the Great Stables. These were completed in 1789, but in 1859 were largely converted to a charity hospital for the "sick poor" by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Currey_(architect)" title="Henry Currey (architect)">Henry Currey</a>, architect to the <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_7th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire">7th Duke of Devonshire's</a>. Currey had previously worked on <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas%27_Hospital" title="St Thomas' Hospital">St Thomas' Hospital</a> in London. It became known as the <a href="/wiki/Devonshire_Royal_Hospital" title="Devonshire Royal Hospital">Devonshire Royal Hospital</a> in 1934. Later phases of conversion after 1881 were by local architect <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rippon_Duke" title="Robert Rippon Duke">Robert Rippon Duke</a>, including his design for The <a href="/wiki/Devonshire_Dome" title="Devonshire Dome">Devonshire Dome</a> as the world's largest unsupported <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a>, with a diameter of 144 feet (44 m) – larger than the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a> at 141 feet (43 m), <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> at 138 feet (42 m) in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a> at 112 feet (34 m). The record was surpassed only by <a href="/wiki/Space_frame" title="Space frame">space frame</a> domes such as the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Dome" title="Georgia Dome">Georgia Dome</a> (840 feet (260 m)). The building and its surrounding Victorian villas are now part of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Derby" title="University of Derby">University of Derby</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nocturnal_view_of_the_Cavendish_Arcade%27s_stained_glass_by_Brian_Clarke_at_Buxton_Thermal_Baths.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Nocturnal_view_of_the_Cavendish_Arcade%27s_stained_glass_by_Brian_Clarke_at_Buxton_Thermal_Baths.jpg/250px-Nocturnal_view_of_the_Cavendish_Arcade%27s_stained_glass_by_Brian_Clarke_at_Buxton_Thermal_Baths.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Nocturnal_view_of_the_Cavendish_Arcade%27s_stained_glass_by_Brian_Clarke_at_Buxton_Thermal_Baths.jpg/330px-Nocturnal_view_of_the_Cavendish_Arcade%27s_stained_glass_by_Brian_Clarke_at_Buxton_Thermal_Baths.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Nocturnal_view_of_the_Cavendish_Arcade%27s_stained_glass_by_Brian_Clarke_at_Buxton_Thermal_Baths.jpg/500px-Nocturnal_view_of_the_Cavendish_Arcade%27s_stained_glass_by_Brian_Clarke_at_Buxton_Thermal_Baths.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3312" data-file-height="2676" /></a><figcaption>Nocturnal view of the restored <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Baths" title="Buxton Baths">Buxton Thermal Baths</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Clarke" title="Brian Clarke">Brian Clarke's</a> modern stained glass canopy over the Cavendish Arcade</figcaption></figure> <p>Currey also designed the Grade II listed <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Baths" title="Buxton Baths">Buxton Baths</a>, comprising the Natural Mineral Baths to the west of The Crescent and Buxton Thermal Baths to the east, which opened in 1854 on the site of the original Roman baths, together with the 1884 Pump Room opposite. The Thermal Baths, closed in 1963 and at risk of demolition, were restored and converted into a shopping arcade by conservation architects Derek Latham and Company. Architectural artist <a href="/wiki/Brian_Clarke" title="Brian Clarke">Brian Clarke</a> contributed to the refurbishment;<sup id="cite_ref-Tanya_Harrod_-_The_real_thing_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tanya_Harrod_-_The_real_thing-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-In_the_Wake_of_William_Morris_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-In_the_Wake_of_William_Morris-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his scheme, designed in 1984 and completed in 1987, was for a landmark modern artwork,<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a barrel-vaulted modern stained glass ceiling to enclose the former baths<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — at the time the largest stained glass window in the British Isles — creating an atrial space for what became the Cavendish Arcade.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Visitors could "take the waters" at The Pump Room until 1981. Between 1981 and 1995 the building housed the Buxton Micrarium Exhibition, an interactive display with 50 remote-controlled microscopes.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building was refurbished as part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Lottery_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Lottery (United Kingdom)">National Lottery</a>-funded Buxton Crescent and Thermal Spa re-development. Beside it, added in 1940, is <a href="/wiki/St_Ann%27s_Well_(Buxton)" title="St Ann's Well (Buxton)">St Ann's Well</a>. In October 2020 Ensana reopened the Crescent as a 5-star spa hotel, after a 17-year refurbishment.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nearby stands the imposing monument to Samuel Turner (1805–1878), treasurer of the Devonshire Hospital and Buxton Bath Charity, built in 1879 and accidentally lost for the latter part of the 20th century during construction work, before being found and restored in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-highpeak_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-highpeak-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the railways arrived in Buxton in 1863, <a href="/wiki/Buxton_railway_station" title="Buxton railway station">Buxton railway station</a> had been designed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paxton" title="Joseph Paxton">Joseph Paxton</a>, previously gardener and architect to William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire. Paxton also contributed the layout of the Park Road circular estate. He is perhaps known best for his design of <a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace" title="The Crystal Palace">the Crystal Palace</a> in London. <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Town_Hall" title="Buxton Town Hall">Buxton Town Hall</a>, designed by William Pollard, was completed in 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_Hall_Bank_to_Corbar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/View_from_Hall_Bank_to_Corbar.jpg/250px-View_from_Hall_Bank_to_Corbar.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/View_from_Hall_Bank_to_Corbar.jpg/330px-View_from_Hall_Bank_to_Corbar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Corbar Hill and the Dome</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_architecture">Other architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buxton Opera House, designed by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Matcham" title="Frank Matcham">Frank Matcham</a> in 1903, is the highest opera-house site in the country. Matcham, a theatre architect, was responsible for several <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> theatres, including the <a href="/wiki/London_Palladium" title="London Palladium">London Palladium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/London_Coliseum" title="London Coliseum">London Coliseum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hackney_Empire" title="Hackney Empire">Hackney Empire</a>. Opposite is an original <a href="/wiki/Pillar_box#Penfolds" title="Pillar box">Penfold</a> octagonal post box. The opera house is attached to the Pavilion Gardens, Octagonal Hall (built in 1875) and the smaller <a href="/wiki/Pavilion_Arts_Centre,_Buxton" title="Pavilion Arts Centre, Buxton">Pavilion Arts Centre</a> (previously The Hippodrome and the Playhouse Theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Pavilion_Gardens" title="Buxton Pavilion Gardens">Buxton Pavilion Gardens</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Milner" title="Edward Milner">Edward Milner</a>, contain 93,000 m<sup>2</sup> of gardens and ponds and were opened in 1871. These form a Grade II* listed public park of Special Historic Interest. Milner's design was a development of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paxton" title="Joseph Paxton">Joseph Paxton</a>'s landscape for the Serpentine Walks in the 1830s.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palace_Hotel_201307_042.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Palace_Hotel_201307_042.jpg/250px-Palace_Hotel_201307_042.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Palace_Hotel_201307_042.jpg/330px-Palace_Hotel_201307_042.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Palace_Hotel_201307_042.jpg/500px-Palace_Hotel_201307_042.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Palace Hotel</figcaption></figure> <p>The 122-room <a href="/wiki/Palace_Hotel,_Buxton" title="Palace Hotel, Buxton">Palace Hotel</a>, also designed by Currey and built in 1868, is a prominent feature of the Buxton skyline on the hill above the railway station.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corbar_Cross_Buxton_2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Corbar_Cross_Buxton_2008.JPG/250px-Corbar_Cross_Buxton_2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Corbar_Cross_Buxton_2008.JPG/330px-Corbar_Cross_Buxton_2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Corbar_Cross_Buxton_2008.JPG/500px-Corbar_Cross_Buxton_2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Corbar Cross<sup id="cite_ref-NewCross_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewCross-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The town is overlooked by <a href="/wiki/Grin_Low" title="Grin Low">Grin Low</a> hill, 1,441 feet (439 m) above sea level, and by Grinlow Tower (locally also called <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple,_Buxton" title="Solomon's Temple, Buxton">Solomon's Temple</a>), a two-storey granite, crooked, crenelated folly built in 1834 by Solomon Mycock to provide work for local unemployed, and restored in 1996 after lengthy closure. In the other direction, on <a href="/wiki/Corbar_Hill" title="Corbar Hill">Corbar Hill</a>, 1,433 feet (437 m) above sea level, is the tall wooden Corbar Cross. Originally given to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> by the Duke of Devonshire in 1950 to mark Holy Year, it was replaced in the 1980s. In 2010, during a visit of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> to the UK, it was cut down as a protest against a long history of child abuse at the Catholic St Williams School in <a href="/wiki/Market_Weighton" title="Market Weighton">Market Weighton</a>, Yorkshire.<sup id="cite_ref-Cut_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cut-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Buxton ecumenical group Churches Together brought in several benefactors to replace the cross with a smaller one in May 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-NewCross_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewCross-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/Pubs_and_inns_in_Buxton" title="Pubs and inns in Buxton">pubs and inns in Buxton</a> are listed buildings reflecting the historic character of the town,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although many buildings have been demolished. <a href="/wiki/Lost_buildings_of_Buxton" title="Lost buildings of Buxton">Lost buildings of Buxton</a> include grand spa hotels, the Midland Railway station, the Picture House cinema and Cavendish Girls' Grammar School. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BuxtonOperaHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/BuxtonOperaHouse.jpg/250px-BuxtonOperaHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/BuxtonOperaHouse.jpg/330px-BuxtonOperaHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/BuxtonOperaHouse.jpg/500px-BuxtonOperaHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Opera_House" title="Buxton Opera House">Buxton Opera House</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cultural events include the annual <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Festival" title="Buxton Festival">Buxton Festival</a>, festivals and performances at the Buxton Opera House, and shows running at other venues alongside them. <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Buxton Museum and Art Gallery">Buxton Museum and Art Gallery</a> offers year-round exhibitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buxton_Festival">Buxton Festival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Buxton Festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buxton Festival, founded in 1979, is an opera and arts event held in July at the Opera House and other venues.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes some literary events in the mornings, concerts and recitals in the afternoon, and operas, many rarely performed, in the evenings.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The quality of the opera programme has improved in recent years, after decades when, according to critic <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Christiansen" title="Rupert Christiansen">Rupert Christiansen</a>, the festival featured "work of such mediocre quality that I just longed for someone to put it out of its misery."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Running alongside is the Buxton Festival Fringe, known as a warm-up for the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Festival_Fringe" title="Edinburgh Festival Fringe">Edinburgh Fringe</a>. The Buxton Fringe features drama, music, dance, comedy, poetry, art exhibitions and films around the town.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, 181 entrants signed up and comedy and theatre categories were at their largest.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_festivals">Other festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The week-long <i>Four Four Time</i> music festival in February brings a variety of rock, pop, folk, blues, jazz and <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Gilbert_and_Sullivan_Festival" title="International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival">International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival</a>, a three-week theatre event from the end of July through the first half of August, was held in Buxton from 1994 to 2013; it moved to <a href="/wiki/Harrogate" title="Harrogate">Harrogate</a> in 2014<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but returned to Buxton in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-Return_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Return-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Opera House offers a year-long programme of drama, concerts, comedy and other events.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2010, the Paxton Suite in the Pavilion Gardens reopened as the Pavilion Arts Centre after a £2.5 million reconstruction. Located behind the Opera House, it includes a 369-seat auditorium. The stage area can be converted into a separate 93-seat studio theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Buxton Museum and Art Gallery">Buxton Museum and Art Gallery</a> holds local artefacts, <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geological</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> samples (including the <a href="/wiki/William_Boyd_Dawkins" title="William Boyd Dawkins">William Boyd Dawkins</a> collection) and 19th and 20th-century paintings, with work by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Brangwyn" title="Frank Brangwyn">Brangwyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Chagall</a>, Chahine and their contemporaries. There are also displays by local and regional artists and other events.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pavilion Gardens hold regular arts, crafts, <a href="/wiki/Antique" title="Antique">antiques</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">jewellery</a> fairs.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buxton's Well Dressing Festival in the week up to the second Saturday in July has been running in its current form since 1840, to mark the provision of fresh water to the high point of the town's marketplace. As well as the dressing of the wells, it includes a carnival procession and a funfair on the marketplace.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Well_dressing" title="Well dressing">Well dressing</a> is an ancient custom unique to the Peak District and Derbyshire and thought to date back to Roman and Celtic times, when communities would dress wells to give thanks for supplies of fresh water. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buxton's economy covers tourism, retail, quarrying, scientific research, light industry and mineral water bottling. The University of Derby is a noted employer.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surrounded by the Peak District National Park, it offers a range of cultural events; tourism is a major industry, with over a million visitors to Buxton each year. Buxton is the main centre for overnight accommodation in the Peak District, with over 64 per cent of the park's visitor bed space.<sup id="cite_ref-HPP_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HPP-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Buxton Mineral Water Company, owned by <a href="/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9" title="Nestlé">Nestlé</a>, extracts and bottles mineral waters.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Advertiser" title="Buxton Advertiser">Buxton Advertiser</a></i> appears weekly. Potters of Buxton is the town's oldest department store, founded in 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quarrying">Quarrying</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Quarrying"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Buxton_lime_industry" title="Buxton lime industry">Buxton lime industry</a> has shaped the town's development and landscape since its 17th-century beginnings. Buxton Lime Firms (BLF) was formed by 13 quarry owners in 1891. BLF became part of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industries" title="Imperial Chemical Industries">Imperial Chemical Industries</a> (ICI) in 1926 and Buxton was the headquarters for I.C.I. Lime Division until the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> <a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">quarries</a> lie close,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the "<a href="/wiki/Great_Rocks_Dale" title="Great Rocks Dale">Tunstead Superquarry</a>", the largest producer of high-purity industrial limestone in Europe, employing 400.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The quarrying sector also provides jobs in limestone processing and distribution.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other industrial employers include the <a href="/wiki/Health_and_Safety_Executive#The_Health_and_Safety_Laboratory" title="Health and Safety Executive">Health & Safety Laboratory</a>, which engages in health and safety research and incident investigations and maintains over 350 staff locally.<sup id="cite_ref-HPP_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HPP-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town hosts a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Derby#University_of_Derby_Buxton" title="University of Derby">University of Derby campus</a> at the site of the former <a href="/wiki/Devonshire_Dome" title="Devonshire Dome">Devonshire Royal Hospital</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Buxton_%26_Leek_College" title="Buxton & Leek College">Buxton & Leek College</a> formed by the August 2012 merger of the university with Leek College. </p><p>Secondary schools include <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Community_School" title="Buxton Community School">Buxton Community School</a>, at the former College Road site of <a href="/wiki/Buxton_College" title="Buxton College">Buxton College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_More_Catholic_School,_Buxton" title="St Thomas More Catholic School, Buxton">St. Thomas More Catholic School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others include Buxton Junior School,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St Anne's Catholic Primary,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the greatest: Harper Hill School with excellent teachers,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buxton Infant School,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Duncan School, Fairfield Infant & Nursery, Burbage Primary, Dove Holes CE Primary, Fairfield Endowed Junior, Peak Dale Primary, Leek College, Old Sams Farm Independent School, Hollinsclough CE Primary, Flash CE Primary, Earl Sterndale CE Primary, Peak Forest CE Primary and Combs Infant School.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport_and_civic_organisations">Sport and civic organisations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sport and civic organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxton_Raceway_in_Derbyshire,_August_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Buxton_Raceway_in_Derbyshire%2C_August_2021.jpg/250px-Buxton_Raceway_in_Derbyshire%2C_August_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Buxton_Raceway_in_Derbyshire%2C_August_2021.jpg/330px-Buxton_Raceway_in_Derbyshire%2C_August_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Buxton_Raceway_in_Derbyshire%2C_August_2021.jpg/500px-Buxton_Raceway_in_Derbyshire%2C_August_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>Buxton Raceway</figcaption></figure> <p>Above the town are two small <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">speedway</a> stadiums. Buxton Raceway (formerly High Edge Raceway), off the A53 Buxton to Leek road, is a motor sports circuit set up in 1974, hosting banger and stock car racing, as well as drifting events.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was home to the speedway team <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Hitmen" title="Buxton Hitmen">Buxton High Edge Hitmen</a> in the mid-1990s before the team moved to a custom-built track to the north of the original one. The original track at High Edge Raceway<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was among the longest and trickiest in the UK. The new track is more conventional, and has been improved a few times. Buxton have been competitors in the <a href="/wiki/Conference_League_(speedway)" title="Conference League (speedway)">Conference League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buxton Raceway was due to hold a floodlit 2019 <a href="/wiki/BriSCA_Formula_2_Stock_Cars" title="BriSCA Formula 2 Stock Cars">BriSCA Formula 2</a> World Final.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buxton's football club, <a href="/wiki/Buxton_F.C." title="Buxton F.C.">Buxton F.C.</a>, plays at Silverlands and Buxton Cricket Club at the <a href="/wiki/Park_Road,_Buxton" title="Park Road, Buxton">Park Road</a> ground.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other team clubs are <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Buxton Rugby Union</a><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Buxton Hockey Club.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also four Hope Valley League football clubs: Buxton Town, Peak Dale and Buxton Christians play at the Fairfield Centre and Blazing Rag at the Kents Bank Recreation Ground.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Buxton has two 18-hole golf courses. <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Golf_Club" title="Cavendish Golf Club">Cavendish Golf Club</a> ranked among the top 100 in England. It was designed by the renowned <a href="/wiki/Alister_MacKenzie" title="Alister MacKenzie">Alister MacKenzie</a> and dates from 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Fairfield is <a href="/wiki/Buxton_and_High_Peak_Golf_Club" title="Buxton and High Peak Golf Club">Buxton & High Peak Golf Club</a>. Founded in 1887 on the site of <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Racecourse" title="Buxton Racecourse">Buxton Racecourse</a>, it is the oldest in Derbyshire.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxton_View_From_Peakdistrict.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Buxton_View_From_Peakdistrict.jpg/250px-Buxton_View_From_Peakdistrict.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Buxton_View_From_Peakdistrict.jpg/375px-Buxton_View_From_Peakdistrict.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Buxton_View_From_Peakdistrict.jpg/500px-Buxton_View_From_Peakdistrict.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>View of Buxton from <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple,_Buxton" title="Solomon's Temple, Buxton">Solomon's Temple</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The hillside round Solomon's Temple is a popular local <a href="/wiki/Bouldering" title="Bouldering">bouldering</a> venue with many small outcrops giving problems mainly in the lower grades. These are described in the 2003 guidebook <i>High over Buxton: A Boulderer's Guide</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoffman Quarry at <a href="/wiki/Harpur_Hill" title="Harpur Hill">Harpur Hill</a>, sitting prominently above Buxton, is a local venue for <a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">sport climbing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Youth groups include the Kaleidoscope Youth Theatre at the Pavilion Arts Centre,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buxton Squadron <a href="/wiki/Air_Training_Corps" title="Air Training Corps">Air Cadets</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Derbyshire <a href="/wiki/Army_Cadet_Force" title="Army Cadet Force">Army Cadet Force</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sea_cadets" title="Sea cadets">Sea Cadet Corps</a>, in addition to units of the Scouts & Guide Association.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Buxton has three Masonic Lodges and a Royal Arch Chapter, which meets at the Masonic Hall, George Street. Phoenix Lodge of Saint Ann No. 1235 was consecrated in 1865, Buxton Lodge No. 1688 in 1877, and High Peak Lodge No. 1952 in 1881. The Royal Arch Chapter is attached to Phoenix Lodge of Saint Ann, and bears the same name and number, it being consecrated in 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regional TV news comes from Salford-based <a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West" title="BBC North West">BBC North West</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Granada" title="ITV Granada">ITV Granada</a>. Television signals are received from the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Hill_transmitting_station" title="Winter Hill transmitting station">Winter Hill</a> and the local relay transmitters.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local radio stations are <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Derby" title="BBC Radio Derby">BBC Radio Derby</a> on 96.0FM and <a href="/wiki/High_Peak_Radio" title="High Peak Radio">Greatest Hits Radio Derbyshire (High Peak)</a> (formerly High Peak Radio) on 106.4FM. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Advertiser" title="Buxton Advertiser">Buxton Advertiser</a></i> is the town’s weekly local newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Buxton_railway_station" title="Buxton railway station">Buxton railway station</a> has a generally half-hourly service to <a href="/wiki/Stockport_railway_station" title="Stockport railway station">Stockport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Piccadilly_station" title="Manchester Piccadilly station">Manchester Piccadilly</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Buxton_line" title="Buxton line">Buxton line</a>; trains are operated by <a href="/wiki/Northern_Trains" title="Northern Trains">Northern</a>. The journey to Manchester takes just under an hour.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History_2">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buxton_railway_station_1958012_9600359f.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Buxton_railway_station_1958012_9600359f.jpg/250px-Buxton_railway_station_1958012_9600359f.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Buxton_railway_station_1958012_9600359f.jpg/330px-Buxton_railway_station_1958012_9600359f.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Buxton_railway_station_1958012_9600359f.jpg/500px-Buxton_railway_station_1958012_9600359f.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption>Station exterior in 1965. The present station is on the left and the former Midland Railway station is in the centre of the picture</figcaption></figure> <p>Buxton had three railway stations. Two were aligned to the <a href="/wiki/London_and_North_Western_Railway" title="London and North Western Railway">LNWR</a>: Buxton and <a href="/wiki/Higher_Buxton_railway_station" title="Higher Buxton railway station">Higher Buxton</a>; the latter was next to Clifton Road and closed in 1951. The third was <a href="/wiki/Buxton_railway_station_(Midland_Railway)" title="Buxton railway station (Midland Railway)">Buxton (Midland)</a>, situated next to the LNWR terminus. The <a href="/wiki/Midland_Railway" title="Midland Railway">Midland Railway</a> station, closed on 6 March 1967, became the site for the Spring Gardens shopping centre. The trackbed of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_Buxton,_Matlock_and_Midland_Junction_Railway" title="Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midland Junction Railway">Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midland Junction Railway</a> has, in part, been used as a walking and cycling path called the <a href="/wiki/Monsal_Trail" title="Monsal Trail">Monsal Trail</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Heritage">Heritage</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Peak_Rail" title="Peak Rail">Peak Rail</a>, a preserved railway group, has restored the section from <a href="/wiki/Rowsley_South_railway_station" title="Rowsley South railway station">Rowsley South</a> to <a href="/wiki/Matlock_railway_station" title="Matlock railway station">Matlock</a>; it has long-term ambitions to reopen it through to Buxton.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town is served by bus routes that cross the Peak District National Park, including to the nearby towns of <a href="/wiki/Whaley_Bridge" title="Whaley Bridge">Whaley Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chapel-en-le-Frith" title="Chapel-en-le-Frith">Chapel-en-le-Frith</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mills" title="New Mills">New Mills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glossop" title="Glossop">Glossop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashbourne,_Derbyshire" title="Ashbourne, Derbyshire">Ashbourne</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/High_Peak_Buses" title="High Peak Buses">High Peak</a> <i>Transpeak</i> service offers an hourly link southwards to <a href="/wiki/Taddington" title="Taddington">Taddington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bakewell" title="Bakewell">Bakewell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matlock,_Derbyshire" title="Matlock, Derbyshire">Matlock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belper" title="Belper">Belper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a>. The <i>Skyline</i> 199 route operates every half hour during the day to <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester Airport</a>, along the <a href="/wiki/A6_road_(England)" title="A6 road (England)">A6</a> through New Mills and <a href="/wiki/Stockport" title="Stockport">Stockport</a>. </p><p>Other services link Buxton with <a href="/wiki/Macclesfield" title="Macclesfield">Macclesfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leek,_Staffordshire" title="Leek, Staffordshire">Leek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield,_Derbyshire" title="Chesterfield, Derbyshire">Chesterfield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meadowhall_Interchange" title="Meadowhall Interchange">Meadowhall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The nearest airports are <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester Airport</a> (22 miles away), <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">Liverpool John Lennon Airport</a> (48 miles) and <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Airport" title="East Midlands Airport">East Midlands Airport</a> (52 miles). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">2011 census</a>, Buxton's population was 98.3% white, 0.6% Asian, 0.2% black and 0.8% mixed/multiple.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Famous_Buxtonians">Famous Buxtonians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Famous Buxtonians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_service">Public service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Public service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Henry_John_Chetwynd-Talbot,_Vanity_Fair,_1903-07-30.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Charles_Henry_John_Chetwynd-Talbot%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1903-07-30.jpg/250px-Charles_Henry_John_Chetwynd-Talbot%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1903-07-30.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Charles_Henry_John_Chetwynd-Talbot%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1903-07-30.jpg/330px-Charles_Henry_John_Chetwynd-Talbot%2C_Vanity_Fair%2C_1903-07-30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="883" /></a><figcaption>Charles Henry John Chetwynd-Talbot, Vanity Fair, 1903</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herbert_Eisner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Herbert_Eisner.jpg/250px-Herbert_Eisner.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Herbert_Eisner.jpg/330px-Herbert_Eisner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="2358" /></a><figcaption>Herbert Eisner</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Chetwynd-Talbot,_20th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 20th Earl of Shrewsbury">Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 20th Earl of Shrewsbury</a> (1860–1921), styled Viscount Ingestre, ran in the early 1880s a daily Greyhound (fast) coach service for the 20 miles from Buxton Spa to his house at <a href="/wiki/History_of_Alton_Towers" title="History of Alton Towers">Alton Towers</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Guppy_(librarian)" title="Henry Guppy (librarian)">Henry Guppy</a> (1861–1948), Librarian of the <a href="/wiki/John_Rylands_Research_Institute_and_Library" title="John Rylands Research Institute and Library">John Rylands Library</a> in Manchester from 1899 to 1948, lived in Buxton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_W._Murray" title="Leonard W. Murray">Rear Admiral Leonard Warren Murray</a> (1896–1971 in Buxton),<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> senior officer of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a> who played a significant role in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pilkington_Hudson" title="John Pilkington Hudson">John Pilkington Hudson</a> (1910 in Buxton – 2007), horticultural scientist<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bomb_disposal" title="Bomb disposal">bomb disposal</a> expert</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Eisner" title="Herbert Eisner">Herbert Eisner</a> (1921–2011), British-German scientist<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> high-expansion <a href="/wiki/Firefighting_foam" title="Firefighting foam">firefighting foam</a>, playwright, schooled and lived in Buxton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Marchington" title="Tony Marchington">Tony Marchington</a> (1955 in Buxworth – 2011), biotechnology entrepreneur<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and owner of the <i><a href="/wiki/LNER_Class_A3_4472_Flying_Scotsman" title="LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman">Flying Scotsman</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Molson,_Baron_Molson" title="Hugh Molson, Baron Molson">Hugh Molson, Baron Molson</a> (1903–1991), Conservative<sup id="cite_ref-auto_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MP for <a href="/wiki/High_Peak_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="High Peak (UK Parliament constituency)">High Peak</a> 1939–1961</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Le_Marchant" title="Spencer Le Marchant">Spencer Le Marchant</a> (1931–1986), Conservative<sup id="cite_ref-auto_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MP for <a href="/wiki/High_Peak_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="High Peak (UK Parliament constituency)">High Peak</a> 1970 to 1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hawkins_(High_Peak_MP)" title="Christopher Hawkins (High Peak MP)">Christopher Hawkins</a> (born 1937), Conservative<sup id="cite_ref-auto_112-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MP for <a href="/wiki/High_Peak_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="High Peak (UK Parliament constituency)">High Peak</a> 1983–1992</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Levitt" title="Tom Levitt">Tom Levitt</a> (born 1954), Labour<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MP <a href="/wiki/High_Peak_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="High Peak (UK Parliament constituency)">High Peak</a> 1997–2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bingham" title="Andrew Bingham">Andrew Bingham</a> (born 1962 in Buxton), Conservative<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MP for <a href="/wiki/High_Peak_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="High Peak (UK Parliament constituency)">High Peak</a> 2010–2017</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Arts">The Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: The Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vera_Brittain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Vera_Brittain.jpg/250px-Vera_Brittain.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Vera_Brittain.jpg/330px-Vera_Brittain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>Vera Brittain</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lloyd_Cole_live_in_M%C3%BCnster_(sept_2010).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lloyd_Cole_live_in_M%C3%BCnster_%28sept_2010%29.jpg/250px-Lloyd_Cole_live_in_M%C3%BCnster_%28sept_2010%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lloyd_Cole_live_in_M%C3%BCnster_%28sept_2010%29.jpg/330px-Lloyd_Cole_live_in_M%C3%BCnster_%28sept_2010%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2673" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption>Lloyd Cole, 2010</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Jewitt" title="Orlando Jewitt">Orlando Jewitt</a> (1799–1869), architectural wood-engraver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_Brittain" title="Vera Brittain">Vera Brittain</a> (1893–1970), author of <i><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Youth" title="Testament of Youth">Testament of Youth</a></i> and mother of <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Shirley Williams</a>, lived in Buxton from 1905<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> till 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stevenson_(filmmaker)" title="Robert Stevenson (filmmaker)">Robert Stevenson</a>, (1905–1986), Buxton-born director of <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Disney</a> films including <i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Poppins_(film)" title="Mary Poppins (film)">Mary Poppins</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Buxton_Hilton" title="John Buxton Hilton">John Buxton Hilton</a> (1921–1986), Buxton-born crime writer<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Flanders" title="Angela Flanders">Angela Flanders</a> (1927–2016), Buxton-born <a href="/wiki/Perfumer" title="Perfumer">perfumer</a><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Lynette_Sigley" title="Marjorie Lynette Sigley">Marjorie Lynette Sigley</a> (1928–1997), Buxton-born artist, writer and actress, teacher, choreographer, theatre director and TV producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Spriggs" title="Elizabeth Spriggs">Elizabeth Spriggs</a>, (1929–2008), Buxton-born character actress with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Brooke-Taylor" title="Tim Brooke-Taylor">Tim Brooke-Taylor</a> (1940–2020), comic actor in <a href="/wiki/The_Goodies" title="The Goodies">The Goodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Fallows" title="David Fallows">David Fallows</a> (born 1945 in Buxton), <a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">musicologist</a><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> specializing in music of the <a href="/wiki/Ars_nova" title="Ars nova">late Middle Ages</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Lee_Travis" title="Dave Lee Travis">Dave Lee Travis</a> (born 1945 in Buxton), disc jockey, radio and TV presenter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Cole" title="Lloyd Cole">Lloyd Cole</a> (born 1961 in Buxton), musician,<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> songwriter, frontman of <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Cole_and_the_Commotions" title="Lloyd Cole and the Commotions">Lloyd Cole and the Commotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rhodes" title="Dan Rhodes">Dan Rhodes</a> (born 1972), writer,<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (October 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> awarded the <a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster_Award" title="E. M. Forster Award">E. M. Forster Award</a> in 2010, lives in Buxton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Langley" title="Bruno Langley">Bruno Langley</a> (born 1983), actor, who played <a href="/wiki/Adam_Mitchell_(Doctor_Who)" title="Adam Mitchell (Doctor Who)">Adam Mitchell</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Todd_Grimshaw" title="Todd Grimshaw">Todd Grimshaw</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Street" title="Coronation Street">Coronation Street</a></i>, was brought up in Buxton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Spraggan" title="Lucy Spraggan">Lucy Spraggan</a> (born 1991), musician (folk, acoustic, hip hop pop), went to school in Buxton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Butch" title="Kate Butch">Kate Butch</a>, drag queen from series 5 of <i><a href="/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race_UK" title="RuPaul's Drag Race UK">RuPaul's Drag Race UK</a></i>, grew up in Buxton and attended <a href="/wiki/Buxton_Community_School" title="Buxton Community School">Buxton Community School</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mick_Andrews_Yamaah_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mick_Andrews_Yamaah_1976.jpg/250px-Mick_Andrews_Yamaah_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mick_Andrews_Yamaah_1976.jpg/330px-Mick_Andrews_Yamaah_1976.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1199" /></a><figcaption>Mick Andrews, 1976</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Shipton" title="William Shipton">William Shipton</a> (1861 in Buxton – 1941 in Buxton), cricketer,<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later a solicitor in Buxton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Smith_(footballer,_born_1887)" title="Fred Smith (footballer, born 1887)">Fred Smith</a> (1887 in Buxton – 1957), footballer before WWI, mainly for <a href="/wiki/Macclesfield_Town_F.C." title="Macclesfield Town F.C.">Macclesfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Blood" title="Bobby Blood">Bobby Blood</a> (1894 in <a href="/wiki/Harpur_Hill" title="Harpur Hill">Harpur Hill</a> – 1988), footballer for <a href="/wiki/Port_Vale_F.C." title="Port Vale F.C.">Port Vale</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bromwich_Albion_F.C." title="West Bromwich Albion F.C.">West Brom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stockport_County_F.C." title="Stockport County F.C.">Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bailey_(athlete)" title="George Bailey (athlete)">George Bailey</a> (1906 in Buxton – 2000), steeplechaser,<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> competed at the <a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Soo" title="Frank Soo">Frank Soo</a> (1914 in Buxton – 1991), <a href="/wiki/Stoke_City_F.C." title="Stoke City F.C.">Stoke City F.C.</a> footballer<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (173 pro appearances) and first mixed-race professional to represent England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tarrant_(runner)" title="John Tarrant (runner)">John Tarrant</a> (1932–1975), long-distance runner,<sup id="cite_ref-derbyt_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derbyt-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>"The Ghost Runner"</i>, lived in Buxton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Andrews" title="Mick Andrews">Mick Andrews</a> (born 1944 in Buxton), former international<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_trials" title="Motorcycle trials">motorcycle trials</a> rider</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Bradd" title="Les Bradd">Les Bradd</a> (born 1947 in Buxton), former footballer,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over 580 pro appearances, all-time leading goalscorer for <a href="/wiki/Notts_County_F.C." title="Notts County F.C.">Notts County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Mason" title="Carl Mason">Carl Mason</a> (born 1953 in Buxton), professional golfer<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Higgins_(footballer)" title="Mark Higgins (footballer)">Mark Higgins</a> (born 1958 in Buxton), former <a href="/wiki/Everton_F.C." title="Everton F.C.">Everton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bury_F.C." title="Bury F.C.">Bury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stoke_City_F.C." title="Stoke City F.C.">Stoke</a> footballer, 265 pro appearances</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Winstanley" title="Lorraine Winstanley">Lorraine Winstanley</a> (born 1975) <sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Dean_Winstanley" title="Dean Winstanley">Dean Winstanley</a> (born 1981),<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Darts_Organisation" title="British Darts Organisation">BDO</a> darts players, live in Buxton.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Burgess" title="Ben Burgess">Ben Burgess</a> (born 1981 in Buxton), Irish footballer,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> played for <a href="/wiki/Hull_City_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Hull City F.C.">Hull City F.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blackpool_F.C." title="Blackpool F.C.">Blackpool F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbie_Wood" title="Abbie Wood">Abbie Wood</a> (born 1999 in Buxton) swam in two finals at the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A series of four recent novels by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Ward_(novelist)" title="Sarah Ward (novelist)">Sarah Ward</a> – <i>In Bitter Chill</i> (2015), <i>A Deadly Thaw</i> (2017), <i>A Patient Fury</i> (2018) and <i>The Shrouded Path</i> (2019) – feature the fictional town of Bampton, which the author states "is partly based on Buxton with its Georgian architecture, <a href="/wiki/Bakewell" title="Bakewell">Bakewell</a>, a well-heeled market town... and <a href="/wiki/Cromford" title="Cromford">Cromford</a> with its canal and fantastic industrial heritage."<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bryson" title="Bill Bryson">Bill Bryson</a> recounts his visit to Buxton in his 2015 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Little_Dribbling" title="The Road to Little Dribbling">The Road to Little Dribbling</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vera_Brittain" title="Vera Brittain">Vera Brittain</a> grew up in Buxton and in her memoir <i><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Youth" title="Testament of Youth">Testament of Youth</a></i>, she is critical of the town's snobbery.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buxton is mentioned in <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i> at the beginning of chapter 10. Father Conmee, a Jesuit priest, encounters the wife of <a href="/wiki/David_Sheehy" title="David Sheehy">David Sheehy</a> MP and in their exchange says that he "would go to Buxton, probably, for the waters".<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Victorian diarist <a href="/wiki/Anne_Lister" title="Anne Lister">Anne Lister</a> recounts her visit to Buxton during August 1816 in her journal.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buxton's <a href="/wiki/St_Ann%27s_Well_(Buxton)" title="St Ann's Well (Buxton)">St Ann's Well</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poole%27s_Cavern" title="Poole's Cavern">Poole's Cavern</a> were listed as two of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Peak" title="Seven Wonders of the Peak">Seven Wonders of the Peak</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a>'s 17th-century book <i>De Mirabilibus Pecci: Being the Wonders of the Peak in Darby-shire</i>, commonly called <i>The Devil's Arse of Peak</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Buxton" title="Listed buildings in Buxton">Listed buildings in Buxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Hospital" title="Buxton Hospital">Buxton Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Hospital" title="Cavendish Hospital">Cavendish Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightwood_Reservoir" title="Lightwood Reservoir">Lightwood Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macclesfield_group_power_stations" title="Macclesfield group power stations">Macclesfield group power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubs_and_inns_in_Buxton" title="Pubs and inns in Buxton">Pubs and inns in Buxton</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-alston-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alston_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alston_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alston,_Cumbria" title="Alston, Cumbria">Alston, Cumbria</a> also claims this, but lacks a regular market.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is a photo of the cross before it was cut down in 2010. It has since been restored.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bbc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091119235702/http://www.bbc.co.uk/derby/features/tours/buxton/buxton.shtml">"Buxton – in pictures"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Derby" title="BBC Radio Derby">BBC Radio Derby</a>. March 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/derby/features/tours/buxton/buxton.shtml">the original</a> on 19 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buxton+%E2%80%93+in+pictures&rft.pub=BBC+Radio+Derby&rft.date=2008-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fderby%2Ffeatures%2Ftours%2Fbuxton%2Fbuxton.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721053834/http://www.towntwinning.org.uk/derbyshire.htm">"towntwinning.org.uk"</a>. <i>ww38.towntwinning.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww38.towntwinning.org.uk/derbyshire.htm">the original</a> on 21 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ww38.towntwinning.org.uk&rft.atitle=towntwinning.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww38.towntwinning.org.uk%2Fderbyshire.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714185605/http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Derbyshire/Buxton">"Key to English Place Names"</a>. Institute for Name Studies, University of Nottingham. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Derbyshire/Buxton">the original</a> on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Key+to+English+Place+Names&rft.pub=Institute+for+Name+Studies%2C+University+of+Nottingham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkepn.nottingham.ac.uk%2Fmap%2Fplace%2FDerbyshire%2FBuxton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobertson1859" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, William Henry (1859). <i>A Guide To The Use Of The Buxton Waters</i>. HardPress. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781318591060" title="Special:BookSources/9781318591060"><bdi>9781318591060</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+To+The+Use+Of+The+Buxton+Waters&rft.pub=HardPress&rft.date=1859&rft.isbn=9781318591060&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=William+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lismorefields.com/">"Lismore Fields Buxton Spa History Ancient Settlement Civilisation"</a>. <i>lismore-fields</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lismore-fields&rft.atitle=Lismore+Fields+Buxton+Spa+History+Ancient+Settlement+Civilisation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lismorefields.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100116104122/http://www.historyofbuxton.co.uk/about_buxton.htm">"About Buxton"</a>. <i>History of Buxton</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofbuxton.co.uk/about_buxton.htm">the original</a> on 16 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+Buxton&rft.atitle=About+Buxton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofbuxton.co.uk%2Fabout_buxton.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeach1987" class="citation book cs1">Leach, John (1987). <i>The Book of Buxton</i>. Baracuda Books Limited. pp. <span class="nowrap">35–</span>43, <span class="nowrap">124–</span>125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86023-286-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-86023-286-7"><bdi>0-86023-286-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Buxton&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E35-%3C%2Fspan%3E43%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E124-%3C%2Fspan%3E125&rft.pub=Baracuda+Books+Limited&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-86023-286-7&rft.aulast=Leach&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunn-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dunn_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunn_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDunn2010" class="citation news cs1">Dunn, Paul (17 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/best_of_britain/article7098524.ece">"Great British Weekend: Buxton"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100522094142/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/best_of_britain/article7098524.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Great+British+Weekend%3A+Buxton&rft.date=2010-04-17&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Ftravel%2Fbest_of_britain%2Farticle7098524.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1001456" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1001456?section=official-list-entry">"The Slopes, Buxton (1001456)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=The+Slopes%2C+Buxton+%281001456%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1001456%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wondersofthepeak.org.uk/objects/2-36/">"De Mirabilibus Pecci: Being the Wonders of the Peak in Darby-shire"</a>. <i>www.wondersofthepeak.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wondersofthepeak.org.uk&rft.atitle=De+Mirabilibus+Pecci%3A+Being+the+Wonders+of+the+Peak+in+Darby-shire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wondersofthepeak.org.uk%2Fobjects%2F2-36%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLovell2005" class="citation book cs1">Lovell, Mary S. (2005). <i>Bess of Hardwick</i>. London: Little, Brown. pp. <span class="nowrap">238–</span>239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-72482-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-72482-3"><bdi>0-316-72482-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bess+of+Hardwick&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E238-%3C%2Fspan%3E239&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-316-72482-3&rft.aulast=Lovell&rft.aufirst=Mary+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott2024" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Jade (2024). <i>Captive Queen: The Decrypted History of Mary, Queen of Scots</i>. London: Michael O'Mara Books. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78929-646-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78929-646-4"><bdi>978-1-78929-646-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Captive+Queen%3A+The+Decrypted+History+of+Mary%2C+Queen+of+Scots&rft.place=London&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Michael+O%27Mara+Books&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-78929-646-4&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Jade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeader1880" class="citation book cs1">Leader, John Daniel (1880). <i>Mary Queen Of Scots In Captivity: A Narrative Of Events From January, 1569 To December, 1584</i>. Sheffield: Leader & Sons. pp. 303, 305.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Queen+Of+Scots+In+Captivity%3A+A+Narrative+Of+Events+From+January%2C+1569+To+December%2C+1584&rft.place=Sheffield&rft.pages=303%2C+305&rft.pub=Leader+%26+Sons&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Leader&rft.aufirst=John+Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDarwinBurkhardtSmith1985" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles; Burkhardt, Frederick; Smith, Sydney (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ao2I3-8PXBgC&dq=levett+darwin&pg=PA265"><i>The Correspondence of Charles Darwin</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-25587-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-25587-2"><bdi>0-521-25587-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Correspondence+of+Charles+Darwin&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-521-25587-2&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Burkhardt%2C+Frederick&rft.au=Smith%2C+Sydney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dao2I3-8PXBgC%26dq%3Dlevett%2Bdarwin%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlakemoreMosley2003" class="citation book cs1">Blakemore, Michael; Mosley, David (2003). <i>Railways of the Peak District</i>. Atlantic Transport Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-902827-09-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-902827-09-0"><bdi>1-902827-09-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railways+of+the+Peak+District&rft.pub=Atlantic+Transport+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-902827-09-0&rft.aulast=Blakemore&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Mosley%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://buxtonmuseumandartgallery.wordpress.com/2019/12/13/canadian-red-cross-special-hospital-buxton-1915-1919/">"Canadian Red Cross Special Hospital Buxton 1915–1919"</a>. <i>Buxton Museum and Art Gallery</i>. 13 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buxton+Museum+and+Art+Gallery&rft.atitle=Canadian+Red+Cross+Special+Hospital+Buxton+1915%E2%80%931919&rft.date=2019-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbuxtonmuseumandartgallery.wordpress.com%2F2019%2F12%2F13%2Fcanadian-red-cross-special-hospital-buxton-1915-1919%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p022x6c4">"BBC – World War One At Home, Buxton Pavilion Gardens, Derbyshire: Bridge Building Practice"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 30 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+World+War+One+At+Home%2C+Buxton+Pavilion+Gardens%2C+Derbyshire%3A+Bridge+Building+Practice&rft.date=2014-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fp022x6c4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2020" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Alan & David (2020). <i>Breaking Stones – Two World War One Prisoner of War Camps</i>. Roberts Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breaking+Stones+%E2%80%93+Two+World+War+One+Prisoner+of+War+Camps&rft.pub=Roberts+Publications&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Alan+%26+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://buxtoncivicassociation.org.uk/raf-maintenance-unit-28/">"R.A.F. Maintenance Unit 28 – Harpur Hill"</a>. <i>Buxton Civic Association</i>. 16 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buxton+Civic+Association&rft.atitle=R.A.F.+Maintenance+Unit+28+%E2%80%93+Harpur+Hill&rft.date=2015-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbuxtoncivicassociation.org.uk%2Fraf-maintenance-unit-28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/64/a4361564.shtml">"WW2 People's War – Buxton in Wartime – Memories of a War Baby (part 3)"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WW2+People%27s+War+%E2%80%93+Buxton+in+Wartime+%E2%80%93+Memories+of+a+War+Baby+%28part+3%29.&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fww2peopleswar%2Fstories%2F64%2Fa4361564.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/69/a5535669.shtml">"WW2 People's War – Buxton in the second World War (1939–45)"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WW2+People%27s+War+%E2%80%93+Buxton+in+the+second+World+War+%281939%E2%80%9345%29&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fww2peopleswar%2Fstories%2F69%2Fa5535669.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/68/a2334368.shtml">"WW2 People's War – Memories of when the bombs passed over"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WW2+People%27s+War+%E2%80%93+Memories+of+when+the+bombs+passed+over.&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fww2peopleswar%2Fstories%2F68%2Fa2334368.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beatlesbible.com/1963/04/06/live-pavilion-gardens-ballroom-buxton/">"The Beatles Bible – Live: Pavilion Gardens Ballroom, Buxton"</a>. <i>The Beatles Bible</i>. 6 April 1963<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Beatles+Bible&rft.atitle=The+Beatles+Bible+%E2%80%93+Live%3A+Pavilion+Gardens+Ballroom%2C+Buxton&rft.date=1963-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beatlesbible.com%2F1963%2F04%2F06%2Flive-pavilion-gardens-ballroom-buxton%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLangham2001" class="citation book cs1">Langham, Mike (2001). <i>Buxton: A Peoples' History</i>. Lancaster: Carnegie Publishing Ltd. pp. <span class="nowrap">217–</span>219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1859360866" title="Special:BookSources/1859360866"><bdi>1859360866</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buxton%3A+A+Peoples%27+History&rft.place=Lancaster&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E217-%3C%2Fspan%3E219&rft.pub=Carnegie+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1859360866&rft.aulast=Langham&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peakdistrictonline.co.uk/buxton-c30.html">"Buxton"</a>. <i>Peak District Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Topographic Map of Town Hall Buxton Sk17 Uk"</a>. <i>elevationmap.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803222833/http://elevationmap.net/town-hall-buxton-sk17-uk?latlngs=(53.25680577753629,-1.9140136241912842)">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elevationmap.net&rft.atitle=Town+Hall+Buxton+Sk17+Uk+on+the+Elevation+Map.+Topographic+Map+of+Town+Hall+Buxton+Sk17+Uk.&rft.au=elevationmap.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felevationmap.net%2Ftown-hall-buxton-sk17-uk%3Flatlngs%3D%2853.25680577753629%2C-1.9140136241912842%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHilton" class="citation web cs1">Hilton, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buxtonweather.co.uk/metofficeslopes.htm">"The Buxton Meteorological Station: A Brief History"</a>. 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Met Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buxtonoperahouse.org.uk/festivals/buxton-festival">the original</a> on 17 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buxton+Festival&rft.pub=Buxton+Opera+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buxtonoperahouse.org.uk%2Ffestivals%2Fbuxton-festival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChristiansen2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Christiansen" title="Rupert Christiansen">Christiansen, Rupert</a> (July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301023900/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/opera/7873055/The-Buxton-Festival-aiming-for-peak-performance.html">"The Buxton Festival: aiming for peak performance"</a>. <i>Daily Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/opera/7873055/The-Buxton-Festival-aiming-for-peak-performance.html">the original</a> on 1 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+Buxton+Festival%3A+aiming+for+peak+performance&rft.date=2010-07&rft.aulast=Christiansen&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2Fopera%2F7873055%2FThe-Buxton-Festival-aiming-for-peak-performance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanning2008" class="citation news cs1">Canning, Hugh (July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615160746/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/stage/opera/article4352380.ece">"Buxton Festival"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/stage/opera/article4352380.ece">the original</a> on 15 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Buxton+Festival&rft.date=2008-07&rft.aulast=Canning&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Farts_and_entertainment%2Fstage%2Fopera%2Farticle4352380.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buxtonfringe.org.uk/aboutus.html">"About Us"</a>. Buxton Festival Fringe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us&rft.pub=Buxton+Festival+Fringe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buxtonfringe.org.uk%2Faboutus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buxtonfringe.org.uk/press201805b.html">"Party to celebrate bumper Buxton Festival Fringe!"</a>. Buxton Festival Fringe. 17 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Party+to+celebrate+bumper+Buxton+Festival+Fringe%21&rft.pub=Buxton+Festival+Fringe&rft.date=2018-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buxtonfringe.org.uk%2Fpress201805b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100821135946/http://www.buxtonoperahouse.org.uk/festivals/four-four-time">"Four-Four Time"</a>. Buxton Opera House. September 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buxtonoperahouse.org.uk/festivals/four-four-time">the original</a> on 21 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Four-Four+Time&rft.pub=Buxton+Opera+House&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buxtonoperahouse.org.uk%2Ffestivals%2Ffour-four-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChalmers2014" class="citation news cs1">Chalmers, Graham (5 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714154621/http://www.wetherbynews.co.uk/what-s-on/out-about/harrogate-wins-topsy-turvy-battle-over-g-s-festival-1-6657154">"Harrogate wins topsy-turvy battle over G&S Festival"</a>. <i>Wetherby News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wetherbynews.co.uk/what-s-on/out-about/harrogate-wins-topsy-turvy-battle-over-g-s-festival-1-6657154">the original</a> on 14 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wetherby+News&rft.atitle=Harrogate+wins+topsy-turvy+battle+over+G%26S+Festival&rft.date=2014-06-05&rft.aulast=Chalmers&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wetherbynews.co.uk%2Fwhat-s-on%2Fout-about%2Fharrogate-wins-topsy-turvy-battle-over-g-s-festival-1-6657154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Return-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Return_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOrme2023" class="citation web cs1">Orme, Steve (19 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishtheatreguide.info/news/gilbert-and-sullivan-festival-15273">"Gilbert and Sullivan Festival returns to Buxton"</a>. <i>British Theatre Guide</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Theatre+Guide&rft.atitle=Gilbert+and+Sullivan+Festival+returns+to+Buxton&rft.date=2023-01-19&rft.aulast=Orme&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishtheatreguide.info%2Fnews%2Fgilbert-and-sullivan-festival-15273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCooper2022" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Louise (10 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buxtonadvertiser.co.uk/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/gilbert-and-sullivan-festival-returning-exclusively-to-buxton-from-next-year-3873394">"Gilbert and Sullivan Festival returning exclusively to Buxton from next year"</a>. <i>Buxton Advertiser</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buxton+Advertiser&rft.atitle=Gilbert+and+Sullivan+Festival+returning+exclusively+to+Buxton+from+next+year&rft.date=2022-10-10&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buxtonadvertiser.co.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Farts-and-entertainment%2Fgilbert-and-sullivan-festival-returning-exclusively-to-buxton-from-next-year-3873394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buxtonoperahouse.org.uk/whats-on/">Whats On</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100921210540/http://www.buxtonoperahouse.org.uk/whats-on/">Archived</a> 21 September 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Buxton Opera House</i>, September 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paviliongardens.co.uk/artscentre/">"The Pavilion Arts Centre"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101115224515/http://www.paviliongardens.co.uk/artscentre/">Archived</a> 15 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Pavilion Gardens website, September 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoolman2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Woolman, Natalie (7 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611144332/http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/newsstory.php/29520/buxton-opera-house-to-open-new-pavilion-arts">"Buxton Opera House to open new Pavilion arts venue"</a>. <i>The Stage</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/newsstory.php/29520/buxton-opera-house-to-open-new-pavilion-arts">the original</a> on 11 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Stage&rft.atitle=Buxton+Opera+House+to+open+new+Pavilion+arts+venue&rft.date=2010-09-07&rft.aulast=Woolman&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestage.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewsstory.php%2F29520%2Fbuxton-opera-house-to-open-new-pavilion-arts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derbyshire.gov.uk/leisure/buxton_museum/default.asp">"Buxton Museum and Art Gallery"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100920095945/http://derbyshire.gov.uk/leisure/buxton_museum/default.asp">Archived</a> 20 September 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Derbyshire County Council</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paviliongardens.co.uk/fairsevents/">"Fairs & Events"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100909052939/http://www.paviliongardens.co.uk/fairsevents/">Archived</a> 9 September 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Pavilion Gardens website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buxtonwelldressing.co.uk">"Buxton Well Dressing Festival"</a>. Buxton Well Dressing Festival website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170515134703/http://buxtonwelldressing.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buxton+Well+Dressing+Festival&rft.pub=Buxton+Well+Dressing+Festival+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buxtonwelldressing.co.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.derby.ac.uk/news/2015/university-contributes-500-jobs-and-32-million-a-year-to-buxton-economy/">"University contributes 500 jobs and £32 million a year to Buxton economy"</a>. <i>University of Derby</i>. 9 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Derby&rft.atitle=University+contributes+500+jobs+and+%C2%A332+million+a+year+to+Buxton+economy&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.derby.ac.uk%2Fnews%2F2015%2Funiversity-contributes-500-jobs-and-32-million-a-year-to-buxton-economy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HPP-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HPP_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HPP_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highpeak.gov.uk/business/econdev/Profile/highpeakprofile.pdf">High Peak Profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100926034240/http://highpeak.gov.uk/business/econdev/Profile/highpeakprofile.pdf">Archived</a> 26 September 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>High Peak Borough Council</i>, September 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buxtonwater.co.uk/">"Buxton Water"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325175642/http://www.buxtonwater.co.uk/">Archived</a> 25 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, official website, March 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pottersofbuxton.co.uk/about-us/">"About Us"</a>. <i>www.pottersofbuxton.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619142936/http://www.pottersofbuxton.co.uk/about-us/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pottersofbuxton.co.uk&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pottersofbuxton.co.uk%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404174506/https://www.derbyshireheritage.co.uk/Menu/Archaeology/Limekilns/Buxton-Lime-Firms.php">"BLF Buxton Lime Firms"</a>. <i>www.derbyshireheritage.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derbyshireheritage.co.uk/Menu/Archaeology/Limekilns/Buxton-Lime-Firms.php">the original</a> on 4 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.derbyshireheritage.co.uk&rft.atitle=BLF+Buxton+Lime+Firms&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.derbyshireheritage.co.uk%2FMenu%2FArchaeology%2FLimekilns%2FBuxton-Lime-Firms.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.google.co.uk/?ie=UTF8&ll=53.253301,-1.883125&spn=0.113177,0.362206&t=h&z=12">Quarries visible as large white areas in satellite image</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a></i>, September 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgs.ac.uk/foundation-web/Tunstead.html">Superquarries: Tunstead</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130906050147/http://www.bgs.ac.uk/foundation-web/Tunstead.html">Archived</a> 6 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Geological_Survey" title="British Geological Survey">British Geological Survey</a> website, September 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tarmac.co.uk/products_and_services/buxton_lime.aspx">"Buxton Lime"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100923064322/http://www.tarmac.co.uk/products_and_services/buxton_lime.aspx">Archived</a> 23 September 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarmac_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarmac Limited">Tarmac company website</a>, September 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHailstone2008" class="citation web cs1">Hailstone, Laura (1 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120807021953/http://www.commercialmotor.com/latest-news/lomas-distribution-consolidates-sites-with-new-depot">"Lomas Distribution consolidates sites with new depot"</a>. <i>Commercialmotor.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commercialmotor.com/latest-news/lomas-distribution-consolidates-sites-with-new-depot">the original</a> on 7 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commercialmotor.com&rft.atitle=Lomas+Distribution+consolidates+sites+with+new+depot&rft.date=2008-07-01&rft.aulast=Hailstone&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commercialmotor.com%2Flatest-news%2Flomas-distribution-consolidates-sites-with-new-depot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsl.gov.uk/about-hsl.aspx">About HSL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100730035536/http://www.hsl.gov.uk/about-hsl.aspx">Archived</a> 30 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>HSL Website</i>, September 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndi.org.uk/our-members-and-strategic-partners/a-z-member-list/health-and-safety-laboratory/">Health & Safety Laboratory</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110901081656/http://www.ndi.org.uk/our-members-and-strategic-partners/a-z-member-list/health-and-safety-laboratory/">Archived</a> 1 September 2011 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, <i>Northern Defence Industries Website</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.st-thomasmore.derbyshire.sch.uk/page/default.asp?title=Welcome&pid=1">"St. Thomas More Catholic School"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221113713/http://www.st-thomasmore.derbyshire.sch.uk/page/default.asp?title=Welcome&pid=1">Archived</a> 21 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 4 February 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buxtonjuniorschool.co.uk/">"Buxton Junior School"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222161824/http://www.buxtonjuniorschool.co.uk/">Archived</a> 22 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 4 February 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.st-annesrc.co.uk/">"St. Anne's Catholic Primary School"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130425110442/http://www.st-annesrc.co.uk/">Archived</a> 25 April 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 4 February 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harpurhill.derbyshire.sch.uk/">"Harpur Hill Primary School"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170717051252/http://www.harpurhill.derbyshire.sch.uk/">Archived</a> 17 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 6 July 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buxton-inf.derbyshire.sch.uk/">"Buxton Infant School"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222043113/http://www.buxton-inf.derbyshire.sch.uk/">Archived</a> 22 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 4 February 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yell.com/ucs/UcsSearchAction.do?keywords=schools+and+colleges&location=Buxton%2C+Derbyshire&scrambleSeed=29427230&searchType=&M=&bandedclarifyResults=&ssm=1">"Schools and Colleges Near Buxton, Derbyshire"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161008210404/https://www.yell.com/ucs/UcsSearchAction.do?keywords=schools+and+colleges&location=Buxton,+Derbyshire&scrambleSeed=29427230&searchType=&M=&bandedclarifyResults=&ssm=1">Archived</a> 8 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 4 February 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buxtonraceway.com/">"Buxton Raceway"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508080432/http://www.buxtonraceway.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buxton+Raceway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buxtonraceway.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buxtonraceway.oppositelockforum.com/about.htm">"About Us"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081028164357/http://buxtonraceway.oppositelockforum.com/about.htm">Archived</a> 28 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Buxton Raceway website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youandyesterday.co.uk/articles/Speedway_in_Derbyshire">"Speedway in Derbyshire"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071018013311/http://www.youandyesterday.co.uk/articles/Speedway_in_Derbyshire">Archived</a> 18 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>You and Yesterday</i>, accessed on 16 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHubbert2007" class="citation news cs1">Hubbert, Neil (2 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071025095102/http://www.buxtonadvertiser.co.uk/speedway/Victory-for-Hitmen.3080737.jp">"Victory for the Hitmen"</a>. <i>Buxton Advertiser</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buxtonadvertiser.co.uk/speedway/Victory-for-Hitmen.3080737.jp">the original</a> on 25 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buxton+Advertiser&rft.atitle=Victory+for+the+Hitmen&rft.date=2007-08-02&rft.aulast=Hubbert&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buxtonadvertiser.co.uk%2Fspeedway%2FVictory-for-Hitmen.3080737.jp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404131731/https://buxtonraceway.com/f2world/index.htm">"BriSCA F2 World Championship 2019"</a>. <i>buxtonraceway.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://buxtonraceway.com/f2world/index.htm">the original</a> on 4 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=buxtonraceway.com&rft.atitle=BriSCA+F2+World+Championship+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbuxtonraceway.com%2Ff2world%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081119152424/http://www.buxtoncc.org/">"Buxton Cricket Club"</a>. 19 November 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buxtoncc.org/">the original</a> on 19 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buxton+Cricket+Club&rft.date=2008-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buxtoncc.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buxtonrugbyclub.com">Buxton Rugby Club</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101108032432/http://www.buxtonrugbyclub.com/">Archived</a> 8 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 10 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buxtonhockeyclub.co.uk">"Home page"</a>. Buxton Hockey Club. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303065304/http://www.buxtonhockeyclub.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+page&rft.pub=Buxton+Hockey+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buxtonhockeyclub.co.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cavendishgolfclub.com/">"Cavendish Golf Club – Award-winning golf club in Buxton, Derbyshire"</a>. <i>Cavendish Golf Club</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081106040541/http://www.cavendishgolfclub.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cavendish+Golf+Club&rft.atitle=Cavendish+Golf+Club+%E2%80%93+Award-winning+golf+club+in+Buxton%2C+Derbyshire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cavendishgolfclub.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bhpgc.co.uk/">"Home"</a>. <i>Buxton and High Peak Golf Club</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208234349/http://www.bhpgc.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buxton+and+High+Peak+Golf+Club&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhpgc.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWarrenWarren2003" class="citation book cs1">Warren, Daniel; Warren, Graham (2003). <i>High over Buxton: A Boulderer's Guide</i>. Raven Rock Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9530352-1-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-9530352-1-2"><bdi>0-9530352-1-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High+over+Buxton%3A+A+Boulderer%27s+Guide&rft.pub=Raven+Rock+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-9530352-1-2&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Warren%2C+Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGibson2004" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, Gary (2004). <i>From Horseshoe to Harpur Hill</i>. BMC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-903908-72-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-903908-72-7"><bdi>0-903908-72-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Horseshoe+to+Harpur+Hill&rft.pub=BMC&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-903908-72-7&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buxtonoperahouse.org.uk/education-community/kaleidoscope">"Kaleidoscope"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111208235500/http://www.buxtonoperahouse.org.uk/education-community/kaleidoscope">Archived</a> 8 December 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Buxton Opera House, accessed 12 May 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.2517sqn.org.uk">"home"</a>. <i>2517sqn.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2517sqn.org.uk&rft.atitle=home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.2517sqn.org.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Grand Lodge of England (2006) <i>Directory of Lodges and Chapters</i> London.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Winter_Hill">"Full Freeview on the Winter Hill (Bolton, England) transmitter"</a>. UK Free TV. May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+Freeview+on+the+Winter+Hill+%28Bolton%2C+England%29+transmitter&rft.pub=UK+Free+TV&rft.date=2004-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukfree.tv%2Ftransmitters%2Ftv%2FWinter_Hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Buxton">"Freeview Light on the Buxton (Derbyshire, England) transmitter"</a>. UK Free TV. May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freeview+Light+on+the+Buxton+%28Derbyshire%2C+England%29+transmitter&rft.pub=UK+Free+TV&rft.date=2004-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukfree.tv%2Ftransmitters%2Ftv%2FBuxton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-emids/buxton-advertiser/">"Buxton Advertiser"</a>. British Newspapers Online. 24 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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See template documentation.">usurped</span></a></i>]</sup> retrieved January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/10356/tom_levitt/high_peak#profile">TheyWorkForYou website, Tom Levitt MP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115001425/https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/10356/tom_levitt/high_peak">Archived</a> 15 January 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/24748/andrew_bingham/high_peak#profile">TheyWorkForYou website, profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115001321/https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/24748/andrew_bingham/high_peak">Archived</a> 15 January 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrittain1933" class="citation book cs1">Brittain, Vera (1933). <i>Testament of Youth</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obituaries+in+1941&rft.pub=Wisden&rft.date=2005-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fwisdenalmanack%2Fcontent%2Fstory%2F229835.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ba/george-bailey-2.html">George Bailey, Olympics at Sports-Reference.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115001333/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ba/george-bailey-2.html">Archived</a> 15 January 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://footballpink.net/2016/02/29/the-wanderer-just-who-was-frank-soo/">The Wanderer–Just who was Frank Soo, The Football Pink</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021045137/https://footballpink.net/2016/02/29/the-wanderer-just-who-was-frank-soo/">Archived</a> 21 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-derbyt-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-derbyt_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Amazing-story-ghost-runner-ndash-man-just-couldn/story-13179473-detail/story.html">Amazing Story of the Ghost Runner</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, Derby Telegraph, 11 December 2011, Retrieved 14 September 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mickandrews.net/">MickAndrews.net website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150123010327/http://www.mickandrews.net/">Archived</a> 23 January 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved January 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227030912/http://www.football-england.com/les_bradd.html">Player profile Football_england.com archive</a> retrieved January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeantour.com/seniortour/players/playerid=121/bio/index.html">"Carl Mason"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104063710/http://www.europeantour.com/seniortour/players/playerid=121/bio/index.html">Archived</a> 4 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Player biographies, <a href="/wiki/PGA_European_Tour" title="PGA European Tour">The PGA European Tour</a>, accessed 1 July 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dartsdatabase.co.uk/PlayerDetails.aspx?playerKey=10337">Player profile on Lorraine Winstanley from Dartsdatabase</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915231938/http://www.dartsdatabase.co.uk/PlayerDetails.aspx?playerKey=10337">Archived</a> 15 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dartsdatabase.co.uk/PlayerDetails.aspx?playerKey=7471">Player profile on Dean Winstanley from Dartsdatabase</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160118042621/http://www.dartsdatabase.co.uk/PlayerDetails.aspx?playerKey=7471">Archived</a> 18 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=20396">SoccerBase Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171227061859/http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=20396">Archived</a> 27 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/57970374">"Swimming – Women's 200m Individual Medley results"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Swimming+%E2%80%93+Women%27s+200m+Individual+Medley+results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2Folympics%2F57970374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/57994179">"Tokyo Olympics: Swimming – Women's 200m Breaststroke"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Tokyo+Olympics%3A+Swimming+%E2%80%93+Women%27s+200m+Breaststroke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2Folympics%2F57994179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://r1.dotdigital-pages.com/p/24K5-JOP?dm_i=24K5,76Z48,HG1MUU,T57SQ,1">Faber publications. Retrieved 15 January 2021.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryson2015" class="citation book cs1">Bryson, Bill (2015). <i>The Road to Little Dribbling</i>. Penguin. p. 345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780552779838" title="Special:BookSources/9780552779838"><bdi>9780552779838</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Little+Dribbling&rft.pages=345&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780552779838&rft.aulast=Bryson&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01ws2bf">"World War One At Home, Buxton, Derbyshire: Where Vera Brittain Trained as a Nurse"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+War+One+At+Home%2C+Buxton%2C+Derbyshire%3A+Where+Vera+Brittain+Trained+as+a+Nurse&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fp01ws2bf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/culture/2020/0610/1146705-listen-ulysses-james-joyce-podcast/">"Ulysses, about 1.55 in"</a>. <i>www.rte.ie</i>. 10 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rte.ie&rft.atitle=Ulysses%2C+about+1.55+in&rft.date=2022-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fculture%2F2020%2F0610%2F1146705-listen-ulysses-james-joyce-podcast%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLister1816" class="citation web cs1">Lister, Anne (16 August 1816). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogue.wyjs.org.uk/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=CC00001%2f7%2f9%2f6%2f26%2f2%2f5">"Journal Entry SH:7/ML/E/26/2/004"</a>. <i>WYAS</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WYAS&rft.atitle=Journal+Entry+SH%3A7%2FML%2FE%2F26%2F2%2F004&rft.date=1816-08-16&rft.aulast=Lister&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catalogue.wyjs.org.uk%2FCalmView%2FRecord.aspx%3Fsrc%3DCalmView.Catalog%26id%3DCC00001%252f7%252f9%252f6%252f26%252f2%252f5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wondersofthepeak.org.uk/objects/2-36/">"De Mirabilibus Pecci: Being the Wonders of the Peak in Darby-shire"</a>. <i>www.wondersofthepeak.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wondersofthepeak.org.uk&rft.atitle=De+Mirabilibus+Pecci%3A+Being+the+Wonders+of+the+Peak+in+Darby-shire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wondersofthepeak.org.uk%2Fobjects%2F2-36%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBemrose1869" class="citation book cs1">Bemrose, W. (1869). <i>Guide to Buxton and Neighbourhood</i>. London: Bemrose & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Buxton+and+Neighbourhood&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bemrose+%26+Sons&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Bemrose&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Black's Guide to Buxton and the Peak country of Derbyshire</i>. A. and C. Black. 1898.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black%27s+Guide+to+Buxton+and+the+Peak+country+of+Derbyshire&rft.pub=A.+and+C.+Black&rft.date=1898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAitken2008" class="citation book cs1">Aitken, Tom (2008). <i>One Hundred & One Beautiful Towns in Great Britain</i>. Rizzoli.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Hundred+%26+One+Beautiful+Towns+in+Great+Britain&rft.pub=Rizzoli&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Aitken&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGifford-Bennet2009" class="citation book cs1">Gifford-Bennet, Robert Ottiwell (2009) [1892]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buxtonanditsmedi30682gut"><i>Buxton and its Medicinal Waters</i></a>. London: John Heywood.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buxton+and+its+Medicinal+Waters&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Heywood&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Gifford-Bennet&rft.aufirst=Robert+Ottiwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbuxtonanditsmedi30682gut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLangham2001" class="citation book cs1">Langham, Mike (2001). <i>Buxton: A People's History</i>. Carnegie Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buxton%3A+A+People%27s+History&rft.pub=Carnegie+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Langham&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buxton&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Buxton" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Buxton">Buxton</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Buxton"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Buxton">"Buxton" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Buxton&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuxton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitbuxton.co.uk/">Visit Buxton.co.uk</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explorebuxtonderbyshire.co.uk/">Explore Buxton</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Borough_of_High_Peak166" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High_Peak" title="Template:High Peak"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High_Peak" title="Template talk:High Peak"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High_Peak" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High Peak"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Borough_of_High_Peak166" class="vcard" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Borough of <span class="fn org"><a href="/wiki/High_Peak,_Derbyshire" title="High Peak, Derbyshire">High Peak</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel-en-le-Frith" title="Chapel-en-le-Frith">Chapel-en-le-Frith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossop" title="Glossop">Glossop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadfield,_Derbyshire" title="Hadfield, Derbyshire">Hadfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mills" title="New Mills">New Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaley_Bridge" title="Whaley Bridge">Whaley Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashopton" title="Ashopton">Ashopton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamford" title="Bamford">Bamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_Vale" title="Birch Vale">Birch Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brough_and_Shatton" title="Brough and Shatton">Brough and Shatton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxworth" title="Buxworth">Buxworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castleton,_Derbyshire" title="Castleton, Derbyshire">Castleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlesworth,_Derbyshire" title="Charlesworth, Derbyshire">Charlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinley" title="Chinley">Chinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chisworth" title="Chisworth">Chisworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowden,_Derbyshire" title="Crowden, Derbyshire">Crowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwent,_Derbyshire" title="Derwent, Derbyshire">Derwent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dove_Holes" title="Dove Holes">Dove Holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edale" title="Edale">Edale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furness_Vale" title="Furness Vale">Furness Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamesley" title="Gamesley">Gamesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Bar" title="Hague Bar">Hague Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayfield,_Derbyshire" title="Hayfield, Derbyshire">Hayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope,_Derbyshire" title="Hope, Derbyshire">Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padfield" title="Padfield">Padfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_Forest" title="Peak Forest">Peak Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_Dale" title="Peak Dale">Peak Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowarth" title="Rowarth">Rowarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparrowpit" title="Sparrowpit">Sparrowpit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintwistle" title="Tintwistle">Tintwistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodhead,_Derbyshire" title="Woodhead, Derbyshire">Woodhead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Waterways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peak_Forest_Canal" title="Peak Forest Canal">Peak Forest Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Alport" title="River Alport">Alport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ashop" title="River Ashop">Ashop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dane" title="River Dane">Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Derwent,_Derbyshire" title="River Derwent, Derbyshire">Derwent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dove,_Central_England" class="mw-redirect" title="River Dove, Central England">Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Etherow" title="River Etherow">Etherow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Goyt" title="River Goyt">Goyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Kinder" title="River Kinder">Kinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peakshole_Water" title="Peakshole Water">Peakshole Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Noe" title="River Noe">Noe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Sett" title="River Sett">Sett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Westend" title="River Westend">Westend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Wye,_Derbyshire" title="River Wye, Derbyshire">Wye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxton_railway_station" title="Buxton railway station">Buxton railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel-en-le-Frith_railway_station" title="Chapel-en-le-Frith railway station">Chapel-en-le-Frith railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossop_railway_station" title="Glossop railway station">Glossop railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadfield_railway_station" title="Hadfield railway station">Hadfield railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mills_Central_railway_station" title="New Mills Central railway station">New Mills Central railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaley_Bridge_railway_station" title="Whaley Bridge railway station">Whaley Bridge railway station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A6_road_(England)" title="A6 road (England)">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A57_road" title="A57 road">A57</a> (<a href="/wiki/Snake_Pass" title="Snake Pass">Snake Pass</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A624_road" title="A624 road">A624</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture, leisure<br />and tourism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Crescent" title="Buxton Crescent">Buxton Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Opera_House" title="Buxton Opera House">Buxton Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devonshire_Dome" title="Devonshire Dome">Devonshire Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Peak_Trail" title="High Peak Trail">High Peak Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinder_Scout" title="Kinder Scout">Kinder Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennine_Way" title="Pennine Way">Pennine Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peveril_Castle" title="Peveril Castle">Peveril Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mam_Tor" title="Mam Tor">Mam Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardotalia" title="Ardotalia">Melandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mills#Landmarks" title="New Mills">Millennium Walkway, New Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedwell_Cavern" title="Speedwell Cavern">Speedwell Cavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple,_Buxton" title="Solomon's Temple, Buxton">Solomon's Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Education</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Derbyshire" title="List of schools in Derbyshire">Schools</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Derby#University_of_Derby_Buxton" title="University of Derby">University of Buxton</a></dd> <dt>Governance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/High_Peak_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="High Peak (UK Parliament constituency)">High Peak (constituency)</a></dd> <dt>Historic</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mass_trespass_of_Kinder_Scout" title="Mass trespass of Kinder Scout">Mass trespass of Kinder Scout</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Well_dressing" title="Well dressing">Well dressing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Woodhead_Tunnel" title="Woodhead Tunnel">Woodhead Tunnel</a></dd> <dt>Sport</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Buxton_F.C." title="Buxton F.C.">Buxton F.C.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chapel_Town_F.C." title="Chapel Town F.C.">Chapel Town F.C.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glossop_North_End_A.F.C." title="Glossop North End A.F.C.">Glossop North End A.F.C.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/New_Mills_A.F.C." title="New Mills A.F.C.">New Mills A.F.C.</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_Derbyshire320" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Derbyshire" title="Template:Derbyshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Derbyshire" title="Template talk:Derbyshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Derbyshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Derbyshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_Derbyshire320" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Derbyshire" title="Portal:Derbyshire">Derbyshire Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boroughs or districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Valley" title="Amber Valley">Amber Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsover_District" title="Bolsover District">Bolsover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Chesterfield" title="Borough of Chesterfield">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire_Dales" title="Derbyshire Dales">Derbyshire Dales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Erewash" title="Borough of Erewash">Erewash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Peak,_Derbyshire" title="High Peak, Derbyshire">High Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Derbyshire" title="North East Derbyshire">North East Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Derbyshire" title="South Derbyshire">South Derbyshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfreton" title="Alfreton">Alfreton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashbourne,_Derbyshire" title="Ashbourne, Derbyshire">Ashbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakewell" title="Bakewell">Bakewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belper" title="Belper">Belper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsover" title="Bolsover">Bolsover</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel-en-le-Frith" title="Chapel-en-le-Frith">Chapel-en-le-Frith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chellaston" title="Chellaston">Chellaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield,_Derbyshire" title="Chesterfield, Derbyshire">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_Cross" title="Clay Cross">Clay Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darley_Dale" title="Darley Dale">Darley Dale</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dronfield" title="Dronfield">Dronfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckington,_Derbyshire" title="Eckington, Derbyshire">Eckington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossop" title="Glossop">Glossop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadfield,_Derbyshire" title="Hadfield, Derbyshire">Hadfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heanor" title="Heanor">Heanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkeston" title="Ilkeston">Ilkeston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Eaton" title="Long Eaton">Long Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matlock,_Derbyshire" title="Matlock, Derbyshire">Matlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Derbyshire" title="Melbourne, Derbyshire">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickleover" title="Mickleover">Mickleover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mills" title="New Mills">New Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripley,_Derbyshire" title="Ripley, Derbyshire">Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandiacre" title="Sandiacre">Sandiacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirebrook" title="Shirebrook">Shirebrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spondon" title="Spondon">Spondon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveley,_Derbyshire" title="Staveley, Derbyshire">Staveley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadlincote" title="Swadlincote">Swadlincote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaley_Bridge" title="Whaley Bridge">Whaley Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirksworth" title="Wirksworth">Wirksworth</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Derbyshire" title="List of civil parishes in Derbyshire">List of civil parishes in Derbyshire</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Alport" title="River Alport">Alport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Amber" title="River Amber">Amber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ashop" title="River Ashop">Ashop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Bradford" title="River Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dane" title="River Dane">Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Derwent,_Derbyshire" title="River Derwent, Derbyshire">Derwent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Doe_Lea" title="River Doe Lea">Doe Lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dove,_Central_England" class="mw-redirect" title="River Dove, Central England">Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Drone" title="River Drone">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Erewash" title="River Erewash">Erewash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Etherow" title="River Etherow">Etherow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Goyt" title="River Goyt">Goyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Hipper" title="River Hipper">Hipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Kinder" title="River Kinder">Kinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lathkill" title="River Lathkill">Lathkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Manifold" title="River Manifold">Manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Mease" title="River Mease">Mease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Noe" title="River Noe">Noe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Rother,_South_Yorkshire" title="River Rother, South Yorkshire">Rother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Sett" title="River Sett">Sett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Trent" title="River Trent">Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Westend" title="River Westend">Westend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Wye,_Derbyshire" title="River Wye, Derbyshire">Wye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Derbyshire" title="Healthcare in Derbyshire">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Derbyshire" title="High Sheriff of Derbyshire">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Derbyshire" title="List of museums in Derbyshire">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Derbyshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Derbyshire">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Derbyshire" title="List of places in Derbyshire">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Derbyshire_by_population" title="List of settlements in Derbyshire by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Derbyshire" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Derbyshire">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Derbyshire" title="List of schools in Derbyshire">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Derbyshire" title="Category:Country houses in Derbyshire">Country Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Derbyshire" title="Grade I listed buildings in Derbyshire">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Derbyshire" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Derbyshire">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_of_Interest_in_Derbyshire376" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Derbyshire_Places_of_interest" title="Template:Derbyshire Places of interest"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Derbyshire_Places_of_interest" title="Template talk:Derbyshire Places of interest"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Derbyshire_Places_of_interest" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Derbyshire Places of interest"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_of_Interest_in_Derbyshire376" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Places of Interest in Derbyshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Castles and military sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardotalia" title="Ardotalia">Ardotalia (Melandra Castle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsover_Castle" title="Bolsover Castle">Bolsover Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codnor_Castle" title="Codnor Castle">Codnor Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffield_Castle,_Derbyshire" title="Duffield Castle, Derbyshire">Duffield Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Castle" title="Melbourne Castle">Melbourne Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peveril_Castle" title="Peveril Castle">Peveril Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilsbury_Castle" title="Pilsbury Castle">Pilsbury Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Derbyshire_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Derbyshire_flag.svg/250px-Derbyshire_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="166" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Derbyshire_flag.svg/500px-Derbyshire_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches and religious sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Church" title="Anchor Church">Anchor Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary_and_All_Saints,_Chesterfield" title="Church of St Mary and All Saints, Chesterfield">Chesterfield's Crooked Spire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_Cathedral" title="Derby Cathedral">Derby Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums and cultural sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Crescent" title="Buxton Crescent">Buxton Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Baths" title="Buxton Baths">Buxton Baths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Opera_House" title="Buxton Opera House">Buxton Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Buxton Museum and Art Gallery">Buxton Museum and Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Derby Museum and Art Gallery">Derby Museum & Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devonshire_Dome" title="Devonshire Dome">Devonshire Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickford%27s_House_Museum" title="Pickford's House Museum">Pickford's House Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural landmarks<br />and outdoor spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alport_Castles" title="Alport Castles">Alport Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Rocks_(Derbyshire)" title="Black Rocks (Derbyshire)">Black Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_John_Cavern" title="Blue John Cavern">Blue John Cavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxton_Pavilion_Gardens" title="Buxton Pavilion Gardens">Buxton Pavilion Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsington_Water" title="Carsington Water">Carsington Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswell_Crags" title="Creswell Crags">Creswell Crags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_Arboretum" title="Derby Arboretum">Derby Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovedale" title="Dovedale">Dovedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foremark_Reservoir" title="Foremark Reservoir">Foremark Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heights_of_Abraham" title="Heights of Abraham">Heights of Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howden_Reservoir" title="Howden Reservoir">Howden Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinder_Scout" title="Kinder Scout">Kinder Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladybower_Reservoir" title="Ladybower Reservoir">Ladybower Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longdendale_Chain" title="Longdendale Chain">Longdendale Reservoir Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longdendale_Trail" title="Longdendale Trail">Longdendale Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longshaw_Estate" title="Longshaw Estate">Longshaw Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mam_Tor" title="Mam Tor">Mam Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsal_Dale" title="Monsal Dale">Monsal Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogston_Reservoir" title="Ogston Reservoir">Ogston Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_Cavern" title="Peak Cavern">Peak Cavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poole%27s_Cavern" title="Poole's Cavern">Poole's Cavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shining_Cliff_Woods,_Derbyshire" title="Shining Cliff Woods, Derbyshire">Shining Cliff Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedwell_Cavern" title="Speedwell Cavern">Speedwell Cavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorpe_Cloud" title="Thorpe Cloud">Thorpe Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treak_Cliff_Cavern" title="Treak Cliff Cavern">Treak Cliff Cavern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistoric landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbor_Low" title="Arbor Low">Arbor Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hob_Hurst%27s_House" title="Hob Hurst's House">Hob Hurst's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minninglow" title="Minninglow">Minninglow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Ladies" title="Nine Ladies">Nine Ladies Stone Circle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stately homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfreton_Hall" title="Alfreton Hall">Alfreton Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barlborough_Hall_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Barlborough Hall School">Barlborough Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradbourne_Hall" title="Bradbourne Hall">Bradbourne Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradley Hall">Bradley Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretby_Hall" title="Bretby Hall">Bretby Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calke_Abbey" title="Calke Abbey">Calke Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castleton_Hall" title="Castleton Hall">Castleton Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatsworth_House" title="Chatsworth House">Chatsworth House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxbench_Hall" title="Coxbench Hall">Coxbench Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ednaston_Manor" title="Ednaston Manor">Ednaston Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvaston_Castle" title="Elvaston Castle">Elvaston Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyam_Hall" title="Eyam Hall">Eyam Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddon_Hall" title="Haddon Hall">Haddon Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardwick_Hall" title="Hardwick Hall">Hardwick Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartington_Hall" title="Hartington Hall">Hartington Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilam_Park" title="Ilam Park">Ilam Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedleston_Hall" title="Kedleston Hall">Kedleston Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longford_Hall,_Derbyshire" title="Longford Hall, Derbyshire">Longford Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Hall" title="Melbourne Hall">Melbourne Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbury_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Norbury Hall">Norbury Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakhurst_House" title="Oakhurst House">Oakhurst House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parwich_Hall" title="Parwich Hall">Parwich Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radbourne_Hall" title="Radbourne Hall">Radbourne Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renishaw_Hall" title="Renishaw Hall">Renishaw Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riber_Castle" title="Riber Castle">Riber Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Helen%27s_House" title="St Helen's House">St Helen's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Hall" title="Sudbury Hall">Sudbury Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Scarsdale_Hall" title="Sutton Scarsdale Hall">Sutton Scarsdale Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarkestone_Hall_Pavilion" title="Swarkestone Hall Pavilion">Swarkestone Hall Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornbridge_Hall" title="Thornbridge Hall">Thornbridge Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissington_Hall" title="Tissington Hall">Tissington Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willersley_Castle" title="Willersley Castle">Willersley Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingfield_Manor" title="Wingfield Manor">Wingfield Manor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport and industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrow_Hill_Roundhouse" title="Barrow Hill Roundhouse">Barrow Hill Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromford_and_High_Peak_Railway" title="Cromford and High Peak Railway">Cromford and High Peak Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromford_Mill" title="Cromford Mill">Cromford Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_Silk_Mill" title="Derby Silk Mill">Derby Silk Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire_Dales_Narrow_Gauge_Railway" title="Derbyshire Dales Narrow Gauge Railway">Derbyshire Dales Narrow Gauge Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwent_Reservoir_(Derbyshire)" title="Derwent Reservoir (Derbyshire)">Derwent Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwent_Valley_Mills" title="Derwent Valley Mills">Derwent Valley Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesbourne_Valley_Railway" title="Ecclesbourne Valley Railway">Ecclesbourne Valley Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Peak_Junction" title="High Peak Junction">High Peak Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leawood_Pump_House" title="Leawood Pump House">Leawood Pump House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magpie_Mine" title="Magpie Mine">Magpie Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_Railway_%E2%80%93_Butterley" title="Midland Railway – Butterley">Midland Railway – Butterley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mills#Landmarks" title="New Mills">Millennium Walkway, New Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Tramway_Museum" title="National Tramway Museum">National Tramway Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin_Mine" title="Odin Mine">Odin Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_Rail" title="Peak Rail">Peak Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Crown_Derby#Royal_Crown_Derby_Visitor_Centre" title="Royal Crown Derby">Royal Crown Derby Visitor Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stainsby_Mill" title="Stainsby Mill">Stainsby Mill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Well_dressing" title="Well dressing">Well dressing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Derbyshire_flag.svg/40px-Derbyshire_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Derbyshire_flag.svg/60px-Derbyshire_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Derbyshire_flag.svg/120px-Derbyshire_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Derbyshire" title="Portal:Derbyshire">Derbyshire portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Derbyshire_flag.svg/40px-Derbyshire_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Derbyshire_flag.svg/60px-Derbyshire_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Derbyshire" title="Portal:Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/40px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/60px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Buxton</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Buxton" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Buxton">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Buxton" class="extiw" title="n:Buxton">News</a></b> from Wikinews</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Buxton" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Buxton">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/20px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Buxton" class="extiw" title="voy:Buxton">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971223#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata915" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971223#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata915" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971223#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4196645-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85387715">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564847105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/64298804-10b9-49a4-a6e2-40893b5310e2">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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