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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hopi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 50 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="هوبي – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هوبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi_(xalq)" title="Hopi (xalq) – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hopi (xalq)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="هوپی‌لر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هوپی‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="হোপি – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হোপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96" title="Хопі – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хопі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Хопи – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хопи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopiov%C3%A9" title="Hopiové – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hopiové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="medal"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooz%C3%A9%C3%AD_/_Ayahkinii" title="Oozéí / Ayahkinii – nawaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Oozéí / Ayahkinii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="nawaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B9" title="Χόπι – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χόπι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopioj" title="Hopioj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hopioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="هوپی – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هوپی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopis" title="Hopis – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hopis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3ipigh" title="Hóipigh – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hóipigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobo_hopi" title="Pobo hopi – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pobo hopi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%ED%94%BC%EC%A1%B1" title="호피족 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호피족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99" title="הופי – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הופי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Хопи – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хопи" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopiai" title="Hopiai – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hopiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%89_(%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="هوبى (مجموعه عرقيه فى كولومبيا) – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هوبى (مجموعه عرقيه فى كولومبيا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi_(volk)" title="Hopi (volk) – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hopi (volk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%94%E6%97%8F" title="ホピ族 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホピ族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopiar" title="Hopiar – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hopiar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopitu_shinumu" title="Hopitu shinumu – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hopitu shinumu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਹੋਪੀ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੋਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopis" title="Hopis – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hopis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Хопи (народ) – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хопи (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – fryzyjski saterlandzki" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="fryzyjski saterlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopiovia" title="Hopiovia – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hopiovia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopiji" title="Hopiji – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hopiji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Хопи – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хопи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopit" title="Hopit – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hopit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hopi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopiler" title="Hopiler – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hopiler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96" title="Хопі – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хопі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Hopi" title="Người Hopi – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Hopi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E7%9A%AE%E6%97%8F" title="霍皮族 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="霍皮族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" 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border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 1em; display: flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_ujednoznaczniaj%C4%85ca" title="Inne znaczenia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/25px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/38px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/50px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span><span>Ten artykuł dotyczy plemienia. Zobacz też: <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_hopi" title="Język hopi">język hopi</a>.</span></div> <table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#E0E4C0; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Hopi</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Flag_of_the_Hopi_Reservation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Hopi_Reservation.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Hopi_Reservation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Hopi_Reservation.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Hopi_Reservation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Hopi_Reservation.svg/480px-Flag_of_the_Hopi_Reservation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Populacja </th> <td> <p>11–15 tys. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Miejsce zamieszkania </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Język </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_hopi" title="Język hopi">hopi</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Grupa </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Hopi" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Hopi" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Hopi">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:HopiHouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/HopiHouse.jpg/220px-HopiHouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/HopiHouse.jpg/330px-HopiHouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/HopiHouse.jpg/440px-HopiHouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1374" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>Domy Hopi koło Grand Canyon, 1900.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hopi</b> – <a href="/wiki/Indianie_Ameryki_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocnej" title="Indianie Ameryki Północnej">Indianie Ameryki Północnej</a> z grupy <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a>, obecnie zamieszkujący północno-wschodnią Arizonę, głównie w sześciu pueblach znajdujących się w rezerwacie. </p><p>W czasach, kiedy dotarł tam <a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1squez_de_Coronado" title="Francisco Vásquez de Coronado">Francisco Vàsquez de Coronado</a>, zamieszkiwali obszary dzisiejszych stanów <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> i pn. <a href="/wiki/Nowy_Meksyk" title="Nowy Meksyk">Nowy Meksyk</a>. Prowadzili osiadły tryb życia, uprawiali fasolę, bawełnę i kukurydzę, wytwarzali ceramikę. Hiszpanie pisali w swych raportach, że chodzą odziani w „bawełniane ręczniki”. Zamieszkiwali piętrowe domy z suszonej na słońcu gliny (<a href="/wiki/Ceg%C5%82a_suszona" title="Cegła suszona">adobe</a>) w osiedlach na szczytach niskich gór stołowych. Ich życie religijne koncentrowało się w <a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">kivach</a> wokół wiary w duchy <a href="/wiki/Kaczyni" title="Kaczyni">Kaczynów</a>. Udomowili <a href="/wiki/Osio%C5%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Osioł">osła</a> i polowali na <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lik" title="Królik">króliki</a> przy pomocy rodzaju <a href="/wiki/Bumerang" title="Bumerang">bumerangu</a>. </p><p>Wśród wielu tańców Indian Hopi najbardziej znanym był <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taniec_W%C4%99%C5%BCa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taniec Węża (strona nie istnieje)">Taniec Węża</a> podczas Święta Węża, kiedy to tancerze trzymali w zębach żywe węże. Taniec Węża (dzisiaj wyłącznie atrakcja turystyczna) stanowił fragment modlitw błagalnych o deszcz odprawianych co dwa lata w dniu 20 sierpnia. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_058.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_058.jpg/250px-Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_058.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_058.jpg/375px-Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_058.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_058.jpg/500px-Edward_S._Curtis_Collection_People_058.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="878" /></a><figcaption>Kobiety Hopi (1922 r.)</figcaption></figure> <p>Mężczyźni Hopi nosili zazwyczaj przepaski biodrowe, przepaski na włosach i <a href="/wiki/Mokasyny" title="Mokasyny">mokasyny</a>. Znacznie później zaczęli nosić bawełniane koszule zwane calico<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>. Ubiór kobiecy był znacznie bardziej skomplikowany. Składał się z farbowanej na niebiesko bawełnianej tuniki przepasanej wyszywanym paciorkami pasem, szalu z bawełny calico oraz okazałych legginsów i mokasynów. Kobiety, zwłaszcza młode, charakteryzowały też wykwintne fryzury. Niektórzy mężczyźni z tego plemienia ubierali się w kobiece stroje i wykonywali kobiece prace, stąd podejrzenia białych przybyszów o powszechny u Hopich transwestytyzm. </p><p>Zbrodni takich jak morderstwo lub kradzież Hopi praktycznie nie znali. Jedną z najwyższych kar nakładano na winnych krzywoprzysięstwa. </p><p>Ich puebla w większości leżą dzisiaj w ruinie. W wiosce Oraibi <a href="/wiki/Dendrochronologia" title="Dendrochronologia">dendrochronolodzy</a> znaleźli fragmenty belkowań sufitu z około roku 1370. Uważa się, że Hopi zrobili znacznie większy krok ku cywilizacji niż jakiekolwiek plemię z rodziny <a href="/wiki/Szoszoni" title="Szoszoni">Szoszonów</a>. Z garncarstwa uczynili prawdziwą sztukę. </p><p>Odłamem Indian Hopi jest klan <i>Hopi-Tewa</i> liczący nie więcej niż 700 osób – potomkowie kilku grup uciekinierów po powstaniu plemienia <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a> około roku 1700, którzy osiedlili się w wioskach Tewa (inna nazwa Hano) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polacca,_Arizona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polacca, Arizona (strona nie istnieje)">Polacca</a>, obecnie znajdujących się w rezerwacie Hopi w Arizonie. Mówią językiem z tanoańskiej rodziny językowej i mają odmienne od Hopi obyczaje. </p><p>Według danych U.S. Census Bureau, podczas spisu powszechnego w 2000 roku 11 111 obywateli USA zadeklarowało, że jest pochodzenia <i>Hopi</i>, zaś 15 275 oświadczyło, że ma pochodzenie <i>wyłącznie lub między innymi Hopi</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hopi?uselang=pl"><strong>Zobacz galerię</strong> związaną z tematem: <em>Hopi</em></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hopi" class="extiw" title="wikt:Hopi"><strong>Zobacz hasło</strong> <em>Hopi</em> w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koyaanisqatsi" title="Koyaanisqatsi">Koyaanisqatsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokopelli" title="Kokopelli">Kokopelli</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">w koloniach hiszpańskich był to termin odnoszący się do delikatnego płótna bawełnianego sprowadzanego z Kalkuty w Indiach</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Barry M. Pritzker: <i>A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9780195138771" title="Specjalna:Książki/9780195138771">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-0-19-513877-1</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Native+American+Encyclopedia%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Peoples&rft.au=Barry+M.+Pritzker&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.place=Oxford&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513877-1"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hopi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060615060540/http://www.peabody.harvard.edu/katsina/calendar.html">Kalendarz Indian Hopi</a>. peabody.harvard.edu. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peabody.harvard.edu/katsina/calendar.html">tego adresu</a> (2006-06-15)].</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060615060631/http://www.peabody.harvard.edu/katsina/index.html">Bogowie deszczu Indian Hopi</a>. peabody.harvard.edu. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peabody.harvard.edu/katsina/index.html">tego adresu</a> (2006-06-15)].</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Grupa_etniczna" title="Grupa etniczna">grupa etniczna</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000405351184">0000000405351184</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85061933">sh85061933</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph630049">ph630049</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565416605171">987007565416605171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hopi">topic/Hopi</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/hopi/">hopi</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/5149702">5149702</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=hopi">hopi</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0114941.xml">0114941</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=hopi">hopi</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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