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lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimoloxía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimoloxía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimoloxía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimoloxía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descrición" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descrición"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Descrición</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descrición-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procedencia_xeográfica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procedencia_xeográfica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Procedencia xeográfica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procedencia_xeográfica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propiedades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propiedades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Propiedades</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Propiedades-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Propiedades"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Propiedades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Usos_medicinais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usos_medicinais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Usos medicinais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usos_medicinais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produción" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produción"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Produción</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produción-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Véxase tamén"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outros_artigos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outros_artigos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Outros artigos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outros_artigos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alcachofa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 72 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%81" title="خرشوف – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خرشوف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%81" title="خرشوف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خرشوف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Артишок – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Артишок" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="ཁོ་རེ་ཡའི་ཤིང་ཞིག – tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁོ་རེ་ཡའི་ཤིང་ཞིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichaod" title="Artichaod – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Artichaod" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti%C4%8Doka" title="Artičoka – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Artičoka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carxofera" title="Carxofera – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carxofera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%88" title="ئارتیشوو – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئارتیشوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichjoccu" title="Artichjoccu – corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Artichjoccu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arty%C4%8Dok" title="Artyčok – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Artyčok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiskok" title="Artiskok – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Artiskok" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artischocke" title="Artischocke – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Artischocke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Artichoke" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti%C5%9Doko" title="Artiŝoko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Artiŝoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti%C5%A1okk" title="Artišokk – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Artišokk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orburu" title="Orburu – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Orburu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="کنگر فرنگی – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنگر فرنگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latva-artisokka" title="Latva-artisokka – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Latva-artisokka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichaut" title="Artichaut – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Artichaut" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A7" title="ארטישוק – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארטישוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artics%C3%B3ka" title="Articsóka – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Articsóka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articok" title="Articok – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Articok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichoko" title="Artichoko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Artichoko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_cardunculus_scolymus" title="Cynara cardunculus scolymus – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cynara cardunculus scolymus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="アーティチョーク – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーティチョーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Artichoke" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B3%D2%AF%D0%BB" title="Бөрікгүл – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бөрікгүл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆರ್ಟಿಚೋಕ್ – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ಟಿಚೋಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%8B%B0%EC%B4%88%ED%81%AC" title="아티초크 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아티초크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%AE%C5%9Fok" title="Artîşok – kurdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Artîşok" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_cardunculus_var._scolymus" title="Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikrasis_arti%C5%A1okas" title="Tikrasis artišokas – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tikrasis artišokas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti%C5%A1oks" title="Artišoks – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Artišoks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Артичока – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Артичока" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ആർട്ടിചോക്ക് – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആർട്ടിചോക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articok" title="Articok – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Articok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisjok" title="Artisjok – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Artisjok" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisjokk" title="Artisjokk – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Artisjokk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azee%CA%BC_h%C3%B3k%C3%A1niitsoh_(ch%CA%BCil_daad%C3%A1n%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD)" title="Azeeʼ hókániitsoh (chʼil daadánígíí) – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Azeeʼ hókániitsoh (chʼil daadánígíí)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articheut" title="Articheut – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Articheut" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karczoch_zwyczajny" title="Karczoch zwyczajny – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karczoch zwyczajny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artici%C3%B2ch" title="Articiòch – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Articiòch" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcachofra" title="Alcachofra – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alcachofra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anghinare" title="Anghinare – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anghinare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Артишок настоящий – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Артишок настоящий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritisho" title="Aritisho – kiñaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Aritisho" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kiñaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti%C4%8Doka" title="Artičoka – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Artičoka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A" title="ආටිචෝක් – cingalés" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආටිචෝක්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Artichoke" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arti%C4%8Doka_zeleninov%C3%A1" title="Artičoka zeleninová – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Artičoka zeleninová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angjinarja" title="Angjinarja – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Angjinarja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Артичока – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Артичока" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kron%C3%A4rtskocka" title="Kronärtskocka – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kronärtskocka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="முள் முட்டைக்கோசு – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முள் முட்டைக்கோசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81" title="อาร์ทิโชก – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาร์ทิโชก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artokok" title="Artokok – turkmeno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Artokok" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginar" title="Enginar – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Enginar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1" title="كەنگەر – uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كەنگەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Артишок іспанський – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Артишок іспанський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artishok" title="Artishok – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Artishok" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atis%C3%B4" title="Atisô – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Atisô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" title="Cynara scolymus – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cynara scolymus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%9C%E8%93%9F" title="菜蓟 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="菜蓟" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%9C%E8%96%8A" title="菜薊 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="菜薊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E6%9E%9D%E7%AB%B9" title="雅枝竹 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雅枝竹" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23041430#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar as ligazóns interlingüísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar as ligazóns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espazos de nomes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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</div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><div> <table class="toccolours" style="width:225px; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; float:right; clear:right; border-collapse: collapse" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background:#90EE90;" colspan="2"><span style="font-size:125%; font-weight: bold;">Alcachofa</span> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:P8220094--CroppedImage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/P8220094--CroppedImage.jpg/250px-P8220094--CroppedImage.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/P8220094--CroppedImage.jpg/375px-P8220094--CroppedImage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/P8220094--CroppedImage.jpg/500px-P8220094--CroppedImage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1352" data-file-height="1785" /></a></span><br /><small>alcachofas nunha leira</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background: #90EE90;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_cient%C3%ADfica" title="Clasificación científica">Clasificación científica</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left; background:none; color:inherit" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Reino_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (bioloxía)">Reino</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plantae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantae">Plantae</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3n_(biolox%C3%ADa)" class="mw-redirect" title="División (bioloxía)">División</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnoliophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnoliophyta">Magnoliophyta</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Clase_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Clase (bioloxía)">Clase</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnoliopsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnoliopsida">Magnoliopsida</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Orde_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Orde (bioloxía)">Orde</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Familia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (bioloxía)">Familia</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Subfamilia: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cichorioideae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cichorioideae (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cichorioideae</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tribo_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Tribo (bioloxía)">Tribo</a>: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cardueae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cardueae (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cardueae</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Subtribo: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Echinopsidinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Echinopsidinae (a páxina aínda non existe)">Echinopsidinae</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9nero_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Xénero (bioloxía)">Xénero</a>: </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynara (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cynara</a></i><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Especie" title="Especie">Especie</a>: </td> <td>'<b>C. scolymus'</b><br /><small></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#90EE90" style="text-align:center;"> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nome_binomial" class="mw-redirect" title="Nome binomial">Nome binomial</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2">'<b>Cynara scolymus'</b><br /><small><a href="/wiki/L." class="mw-redirect" title="L.">L.</a>, <i>Sp. Pl.</i>, 2: 827, 1753 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358848">[1]</a></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <p>A <b>alcachofa</b> (<i><b>Cynara cardunculus</b></i> var. <i><b>scolymus</b></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> é unha <a href="/wiki/Planta" title="Planta">planta</a> cultivada como alimento en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Climas_temperados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climas temperados (a páxina aínda non existe)">climas temperados</a>. Pertence ao <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9nero_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Xénero (bioloxía)">xénero</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynara (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cynara</a></i> dentro da <a href="/wiki/Familia_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (bioloxía)">familia</a> <a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a>. Chámaselle en galego alcachofa tanto á planta enteira, como á inflorescencia en <a href="/wiki/Cap%C3%ADtulo_(bot%C3%A1nica)" title="Capítulo (botánica)">capítulo</a>, testa floral comestíbel. É un cultivo común nas zonas mediterráneas, porén non é popular en <a href="/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia">Galicia</a>, tendo sido asimilado na cociña en épocas recentes procedente doutras gastronomías (españolas e francesas principalmente). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimoloxía"><span id="Etimolox.C3.ADa"></span>Etimoloxía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Etimoloxía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Etimoloxía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aínda que a <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Galega" title="Real Academia Galega">Real Academia Galega</a> só recolle alcachofa coma acepción, o certo é que a variante <b>alcachofra</b> aparece en moitas máis fontes galegas, ademais de coincidir coa forma actual portuguesa.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A verba alcachofa entra no galego probabelmente a través do castelán e portugués (<i>alcachofra</i>). O termo vén do <a href="/wiki/Lingua_%C3%A1rabe" title="Lingua árabe">árabe hispánico</a>: <i>alẖaršúf[a]</i>, este do árabe <i>ẖuršūf[ah]</i>, e este á súa vez quizabes do <a href="/wiki/Lingua_iraniana" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingua iraniana">pahlavi</a> <i>hār čōb</i> 'pau de espiños').<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrición"><span id="Descrici.C3.B3n"></span>Descrición</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Descrición»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Descrición"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:P1000578_Galactites_tomentosa_(Compositae)_Flowers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/P1000578_Galactites_tomentosa_%28Compositae%29_Flowers.JPG/220px-P1000578_Galactites_tomentosa_%28Compositae%29_Flowers.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/P1000578_Galactites_tomentosa_%28Compositae%29_Flowers.JPG/330px-P1000578_Galactites_tomentosa_%28Compositae%29_Flowers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/P1000578_Galactites_tomentosa_%28Compositae%29_Flowers.JPG/440px-P1000578_Galactites_tomentosa_%28Compositae%29_Flowers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cal%C3%A1tide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calátide (a páxina aínda non existe)">Calátide</a> de alcachofa en floración.</figcaption></figure> <p>A alcachofa é unha planta que acada de 1,4 a 2 metros de altura, que volve abrochar do cepo todos os anos, pasado o inverno, se o frío non a xeou. Bota unha <a href="/wiki/Roseta_(bot%C3%A1nica)" title="Roseta (botánica)">roseta</a> de follas profundamente segmentadas aínda que menos divididas que as do <a href="/wiki/Cardo" title="Cardo">cardo</a> e con poucos ou ningún espiño. As follas teñen cor verde clara na face e no envés fican cubertas por unhas febrelas abrancazadas que lle dan un aspecto pálido. Tanto o <a href="/wiki/Pec%C3%ADolo" title="Pecíolo">pecíolo</a> coma a vea principal da folla teñen costelas lonxitudinais moi saíntes. </p><p>Cando a planta entalece bota un rebento máis ou menos alto, rexo, mais tamén con costelas e asucado con cada vez follas máis escasas e menos divididas a medida que estean máis altas en dito talo. No seu ápice, e nalgunhas divisións laterais, traen unhas cabeciñas moi grosas, as alcachofas en si, cubertas de numerosas brácteas coriáceas, na base das cales está o tenro e comestíbel. Ao florearen, esas brácteas endurecen moito polo que non se poden aproveitar para comer, aínda que non rematen en espiñas como as dos cardos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procedencia_xeográfica"><span id="Procedencia_xeogr.C3.A1fica"></span>Procedencia xeográfica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Procedencia xeográfica»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Procedencia xeográfica"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orixinariamente as alcachofas procedía do <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A1neo" title="Mar Mediterráneo">Mediterráneo</a> e nordés de <a href="/wiki/%C3%81frica" title="África">África</a>. A alcachofa é un parente moi achegado do tamén comestíbel <a href="/wiki/Cardo" title="Cardo">cardo común</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Historia"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esta planta (ou os cardos dos que procede) podería ser orixinaria de <a href="/wiki/Exipto" title="Exipto">Exipto</a> ou do norte de <a href="/wiki/%C3%81frica" title="África">África</a>. A planta denominada <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynara (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cynara</a></i> xa era coñecida por gregos e romanos. Disque se lle outorgaban poderes afrodisíacos e toma o seu nome dunha rapaza seducida por <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>, e despois transformada por este en alcachofa. </p><p>Durante a <a href="/wiki/Idade_Media" title="Idade Media">Idade Media</a> non se coñecía a alcachofa, e se pensa que nesta época, do cultivo sucesivo dos <a href="/wiki/Cardo" title="Cardo">cardos</a>, os horticultores aos poucos os transformaron até conseguir a alcachofa. Xa era consumida na <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XV" title="Século XV">século XV</a>. Chegada de <a href="/wiki/Sicilia" title="Sicilia">Sicilia</a>, aparece na <a href="/wiki/Toscana" title="Toscana">Toscana</a> contra <a href="/wiki/1466" title="1466">1466</a>. A tradición di que foi introducida en <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a> por <a href="/wiki/Catarina_de_M%C3%A9dici" class="mw-redirect" title="Catarina de Médici">Catarina de Médici</a> que gustaba de comer corazóns de alcachofa. Esta florentina levounas dende a súa <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> natal ao casar co rei <a href="/wiki/Henrique_II_de_Francia" title="Henrique II de Francia">Henrique II de Francia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lois_XIV_de_Francia" title="Lois XIV de Francia">Lois XIV</a> era así mesmo un gran consumidor de alcachofas. Os colonos españois e franceses nas <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica" title="América">Américas</a>, introducírona neste continente. Co tempo, en <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, os cardos chegaron a se converter nunha auténtica praga, exemplo de planta invasora dun <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1bitat" title="Hábitat">hábitat</a> no que non se atopaba anteriormente. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propiedades">Propiedades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Propiedades»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Propiedades"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Alcachofas_asadas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Alcachofas_asadas.jpg/220px-Alcachofas_asadas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Alcachofas_asadas.jpg/330px-Alcachofas_asadas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Alcachofas_asadas.jpg/440px-Alcachofas_asadas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Alcachofas á brasa.</figcaption></figure> <p>Valor nutricional: </p><p>kJ = 220 </p><p>Glícidos = 10.51g </p><p>Amidón = </p><p>Azucres = 0.99g </p><p>Fibra = 5.4g </p><p>Graxas = 0.34g </p><p>Proteínas = 2.89g </p><p>VitB1_mg = 0.05 </p><p>VitB2_mg = 0.089 </p><p>VitB3_mg = 0.111 </p><p>VitB5_mg = 0.24 </p><p>VitB6_mg = 0.081 </p><p>VitB9_ug = 89 </p><p>VitC_mg = 7.4 </p><p>Calcio_mg = 21 </p><p>Ferro_mg = 0.61 </p><p>Magnesio_mg = 42 </p><p>Manganeso_mg = 0.225 </p><p>Fósforo_mg = 73 </p><p>Potasio_mg = 276 </p><p>Cinc_mg = 0.4 </p><p>Fonte_usda = 1 </p><p>Despois da <a href="/wiki/Auga" title="Auga">auga</a>, o compoñente maioritario das alcachofas son os <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%ADcido" class="mw-redirect" title="Glícido">glícidos</a>, entre os que salienta a <a href="/wiki/Inulina" title="Inulina">inulina</a> e maila <a href="/wiki/Fibra_alimentaria" title="Fibra alimentaria">fibra</a>. Os minerais maioritarios son o <a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">sodio</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio">potasio</a>, o <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3sforo_(elemento)" title="Fósforo (elemento)">fósforo</a> e mailo <a href="/wiki/Calcio" title="Calcio">calcio</a>; e entre as <a href="/wiki/Vitamina" title="Vitamina">vitaminas</a> salienta a presenza das <a href="/wiki/Vitamina_B1" title="Vitamina B1">vitamina B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamina_B3" title="Vitamina B3">vitamina B3</a> e pequenas cantidades de <a href="/wiki/Vitamina_C" title="Vitamina C">vitamina C</a>. Porén, o máis salientábel da súa composición son unha serie de substancias que se atopan en pequena cantidade, mais dotadas de notábeis efectos fisiolóxicos positivos: </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinarina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinarina (a páxina aínda non existe)">cinarina</a>: substancia aceda con efecto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coler%C3%A9tico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colerético (a páxina aínda non existe)">colerético</a>, é dicir, con capacidade para aumentar a secreción biliar. A cinarina, ademais de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coler%C3%A9tico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colerético (a páxina aínda non existe)">hidrocolerético</a> é <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipoglucemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipoglucemia (a páxina aínda non existe)">hipocolesterolemiante</a>, diminúe o cociente beta/alfa das <a href="/wiki/Lipoprote%C3%ADna" title="Lipoproteína">lipoproteínas</a>. Tamén é <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diur%C3%A9tico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diurético (a páxina aínda non existe)">diurético</a>, provoca maior expulsión de <a href="/wiki/Ouri%C3%B1os" class="mw-redirect" title="Ouriños">ouriños</a>.</li> <li>Os <a href="/wiki/Esterol" title="Esterol">esterois</a>: con capacidade para limitar a absorción do <a href="/wiki/Colesterol" title="Colesterol">colesterol</a> no <a href="/wiki/Intestino" title="Intestino">intestino</a>.</li></ul> <p>As súas flores, o mesmo que as do <a href="/wiki/Cardo" title="Cardo">cardo</a>, conteñen o <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9vedo" title="Lévedo">lévedo</a> "lab" (que é un conxunto de 3 <a href="/wiki/Encima" class="mw-redirect" title="Encima">encimas</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pepsina" title="Pepsina">pepsina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimosina" title="Quimosina">quimosina</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraquimosina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraquimosina (a páxina aínda non existe)">paraquimosina</a>) que serve como <a href="/wiki/Callo" title="Callo">callo</a> do <a href="/wiki/Leite" title="Leite">leite</a> para a elaboración de <a href="/wiki/Queixo" title="Queixo">queixos</a>. Ditos queixos reciben xeralmente o cualificativo de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Queixo_de_flor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Queixo de flor (a páxina aínda non existe)">queixo de flor</a>; por exemplo o «Queso de flor de Guía», en <a href="/wiki/Gran_Canaria" title="Gran Canaria">Gran Canaria</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usos_medicinais">Usos medicinais</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Usos medicinais»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Usos medicinais"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table width="320px" align="right" class="expansion" style="background-color: #f7f8ff; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: .2em; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 3px; font-size: 95%; line-height: 1.2; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Aviso médico"><img alt="Aviso médico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/35px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/53px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/70px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="190" /></span><figcaption>Aviso médico</figcaption></figure></td><td><span style="font-size:80%; text-align: justify; padding: .1em;"><b>Advertencia: A Wikipedia <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Aviso_m%C3%A9dico" title="Wikipedia:Aviso médico">non dá consellos médicos</a>.</b><br /><i>Se cre que pode requirir tratamento, por favor, consúltello ao médico.</i></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Emprégase a xeito de extractos secos e doutras preparacións <a href="/wiki/Galeno" title="Galeno">galénicas</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup>: </p> <dl><dt>Usos soportados por datos clínicos</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>Para o tratamento de molestias dixestivas (por exemplo: <a href="/wiki/Dispepsia" title="Dispepsia">dispepsia</a>, sensación de plenitude, <a href="/wiki/Flatulencia" title="Flatulencia">flatulencia</a>, náuseas, dor de <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B3mago" title="Estómago">estómago</a> e <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B3mito" title="Vómito">vómitos</a>). Como tratamento adxunto da <a href="/wiki/Hipercolesterolemia" title="Hipercolesterolemia">hipercolesterolemia</a> suave a moderada. </p> <dl><dt>Usos descritos na farmacopea e noutros documentos</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>Úsase oralmente para o tratamento da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ateroesclerose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ateroesclerose (a páxina aínda non existe)">ateroesclerose</a> e para disfuncións do <a href="/wiki/Ril" title="Ril">ril</a> (polo seu efecto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diur%C3%A9tico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diurético (a páxina aínda non existe)">diurético</a>). Un estudo indicou que pode ser beneficioso no tratamento da síndrome do intestino irritábel, porén cómpren máis ensaios clínicos antes de se poder facer recomendacións terapéuticas. </p> <dl><dt>Usos descritos na medicina tradicional</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>Utilizada no tratamento da <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Febre" title="Febre">febre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gota_(enfermidade)" title="Gota (enfermidade)">gota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reumatismo" title="Reumatismo">reumatismo</a> e pedras en vías urinarias. </p> <dl><dt>Advertencias sobre a utilización de preparacións feitas a partir de extractos de alcachofa</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <p>A) Reaccións adversas: </p> <ul><li>Nalgúns estudos tense demostrado molestias gastrointestinais incluíndo diarrea suave, acompañada de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambra (a páxina aínda non existe)">cambras</a> abdominais, dor na parte superior do abdome, náuseas e ardor de estómago. Noutros estudos só se atoparon lixeiras molestias gastrointestinais. Poden ocorrer reaccións alérxicas en pacientes sensibilizados.</li></ul> <p>B) Contraindicacións: Hipersensibilidade ou alerxia ás alcachofas e obstrución dos condutos biliares. </p><p>C) Advertencias: Crese que é posíbel a interacción con anticoagulantes do tipo das cumarinas. </p><p>D) Precaucións: </p> <ul><li>Xerais: os pacientes con pedras na <a href="/wiki/Ves%C3%ADcula_biliar" title="Vesícula biliar">vesícula biliar</a> deberían pedir consello médico antes de utilizar preparacións medicinais obtidas a partir desta planta.</li> <li>Gravidez, efectos <a href="/wiki/Terat%C3%B3xeno" class="mw-redirect" title="Teratóxeno">teratóxenos</a> e non teratóxenos: Non está recomendado o seu uso por mor a que non se dispón de estudos de seguridade e eficacia.</li> <li>Uso pediátrico: Por mor á falla de estudos de seguridade e eficacia, non está recomendado o seu uso en menores de 12 anos.</li></ul> <p>E) Posoloxía: Para facer recomendacións xerais sobre a dose a utilizar cómpre coñecer a pureza dos extractos empregados. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produción"><span id="Produci.C3.B3n"></span>Produción</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar a sección: «Produción»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Produción"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segundo a FAO, os 10 países a seguir foron en 2018 os de maior produción - en toneladas e orde decrecente: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:1px"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Principais produtores de <i>Cynara scolymus</i> - 2018<br />en toneladas </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></td> <td align="right">389.813 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Exipto" title="Exipto">Exipto</a></td> <td align="right">323.866 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España">España</a></td> <td align="right">208.463 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Per%C3%BA" title="Perú">Perú</a></td> <td align="right">154.552 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Alxeria" title="Alxeria">Alxeria</a></td> <td align="right">124.659 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Arxentina" title="Arxentina">Arxentina</a></td> <td align="right">110.657 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China" title="República Popular da China">China</a></td> <td align="right">90.397 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a></td> <td align="right">47.190 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" class="mw-redirect" title="Estados Unidos">USA</a></td> <td align="right">45.382 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Marrocos" title="Marrocos">Marrocos</a></td> <td align="right">44.591 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size:.7em"><center>Fonte: [ONU: A División de Estadística] <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></center> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rottenberg, A. e D. Zohary, 1996: The wild ancestry of the cultivated artichoke. Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 43, 53—58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ilg.usc.gal/ddd/ddd_pescuda.php?lang=gl&pescuda=alcachofa&tipo_busca=lema">"Procurar da expresión alcachofa entre os lemas no Dicionario de dicionarios"</a>. <i>Dicionario de dicionarios</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 29 de febreiro de 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAlcachofa&rft.atitle=Procurar+da+expresi%C3%B3n+alcachofa+entre+os+lemas+no+Dicionario+de+dicionarios&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dicionario+de+dicionarios&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Filg.usc.gal%2Fddd%2Fddd_pescuda.php%3Flang%3Dgl%26pescuda%3Dalcachofa%26tipo_busca%3Dlema&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dle.rae.es/alcachofa">"Consulta do termo alcachofa no dicionario"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Real Academia Española">RAE</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 29 de febreiro de 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAlcachofa&rft.atitle=Consulta+do+termo+alcachofa+no+dicionario&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RAE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdle.rae.es%2Falcachofa&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">World Health Organization. WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants, Vol. 4. Geneva: WHO; 2009. 456 páxinas. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9789241547055" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-92-4 154705-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160216154828/http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/rankings/countries_by_commodity/S">"Estadísticas de: Organización das Nacións Unidas para a Alimentación e a Agricultura: A División de Estadística"</a>. ONU-FAO. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/rankings/countries_by_commodity/S">o orixinal</a> o 16 de febreiro de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 1 de outubro de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAlcachofa&rft.btitle=Estad%C3sticas+de%3A+Organizaci%C3%B3n+das+Naci%C3%B3ns+Unidas+para+a+Alimentaci%C3%B3n+e+a+Agricultura%3A+A+Divisi%C3%B3n+de+Estad%C3stica&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=ONU-FAO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaostat3.fao.org%2Fbrowse%2Frankings%2Fcountries_by_commodity%2FS&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portada_galega" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Portada galega">Wikispecies</a> posúe unha páxina sobre:  <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cynara_scolymus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Cynara scolymus">Alcachofa</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portada_galega" class="extiw" title="commons:Portada galega">Wikimedia Commons</a> ten máis contidos multimedia na categoría:  <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artichokes_as_food" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Artichokes as food">Alcachofa</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23041430" title="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata"><img alt="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/18px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/24px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar a sección: «Bibliografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="refbegin references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 26em; -webkit-column-width: 26em; column-width: 26em;"> <ul><li>Acquadro A., et al. (2005). Development and characterisation of microsatellite markers in <i>Cynara cardunculus</i> . L. Genome 48 (2): 217-225.</li> <li>Cointry, E.L.; García, S.M.; López Anido, F.S.; Firpo, I.T.; Cravero, V.P. y Muñoz, S. 2005. Aumentando el espectro varietal en alcaucil (<i>Cynara scolymus</i> L.): Gauchito FCA y Gurí FCA. Horticultura Argentina 24(56/57): 5-7.</li> <li>Comino C., et al. (2007). Isolation and functional characterization of a cDNA coding a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in <i>Cynara cardunculus</i> . L. BMC Plant Biology 7: 14.</li> <li>David J. Keil: <i>Cynara</i>. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Nova York e Oxford, 1993+. Bd. 19, S. 89. En liña, abgerufen am 4. Febreiro 2008.</li> <li>Font Quer, P. Plantas medicinales - El Dioscórides renovado, Editorial Labor, Barcelona, 1980.</li> <li>Gabriella Sonnante, Domenico Pignone, Karl Hammer: The Domestication of Artichoke and Cardoon: From Roman Times to the Genomic Age. In: AOBPreview, 4. Juli 2007. doi:10.1093/aob/mcm127</li> <li>Mireille Jochum-Guillou, Marion Zerbst: Artischocke – die gesunde Delikatesse. Trias, Stuttgart 1998, <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/389373466X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89373-466-X</a></li> <li>Gallais A., Bannerot H. (1992) Amélioration des espèces végétales cultivées. Objectifs et critères de sélection. INRA Editions.</li> <li>Englisch W, Beckers C, et al. « Efficacy of Artichoke dry extract in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia ». Arzneimittelforschung. 2000 Mar;50(3):260-5.</li> <li>Walker AF, Middleton RW, Petrowicz O. Artichoke leaf extract reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a post-marketing surveillance study.Phytother Res. 2001 Feb;15(1):58-61. Résumé [archive]</li> <li>Gebhardt R. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in HepG2 cells by artichoke extracts is reinforced by glucosidase pretreatment.Phytother Res. 2002 Jun;16(4):368-72. Résumé [archive])</li> <li>Gebhardt R. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in primary cultured rat hepatocytes by artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) extracts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1122-8. Résumé [archive] et Texte complet [archive]</li> <li>Brown JE, Rice-Evans CA. Luteolin-rich artichoke extract protects low density lipoprotein from oxidation in vitro. Free Radic Res. 1998 Sep;29(3):247-55. (Résumé [archive])</li> <li>De Paolis A., et al. (2008). Characterization and differential expression analysis of artichoke phenylalanine ammonia-lyase coding sequences . Physiologia Plantarum 132: 33-43.</li> <li>Kraft K. « Artichoke leaf extract- recent findings reflecting effects on lipid metabolism, liver and gastrointestinal tracts ». Phytomedicine 1997;4(4):369-78. Cité et décrit dans : Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J (Ed). Expanded « Commission E » Monographs, American Botanical Council, publié avec Integrative Medicine Communications, États-Unis, 2000, p. 10 à 12.</li> <li>Fintelmann V, Petrowicz O. Long-term administration of an artichoke extract for dyspepsia symptoms. Results of an observational study. Natura Med 1998; 13: 17-26. Cité et décrit dans : Barnes Joan, Anderson A. Linda, Phillipson David J. « Herbal Medicines », Pharmaceutical Press, Grande-Bretagne, 2002, 2e édition, pp 61 à 66</li> <li>Holtmann, et al. « Efficacy of artichoke leaf extract in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia: a six-week placebo-controlled, double-blind », multicentre trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Dec;18(11-12):1099-105.</li> <li>Lanteri S., et al. (2004). Amplified fragment length polymorphism for genetic diversity assessment in globe artichoke . Theoretical and Applied Genetics 108 (8): 1534-1544.</li> <li>Mabberley, D.J. 1987. <i>The Plant Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants</i>. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 706 p. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/0521340608" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-34060-8</a></li> <li>Marakis G, Walker AF, et al. Artichoke leaf extract reduces mild dyspepsia in an open study.Phytomedicine. 2002 Dec;9(8):694-9.</li> <li>Pittler MH, Thompson CO, Ernst E. Artichoke leaf extract for treating hypercholesterolaemia.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(3):CD003335. (Résumé, par pubMed [archive])</li> <li>Pignone D., Sonnante G. (2004). Wild artichokes of south Italy: did the story begin here? . Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 51: 577-580.</li> <li>Portis E., et al. (2005). Genetic structure of island populations of wild cardoon [<i>Cynara cardunculus</i> L. var. <i>sylvestris</i> (Lamk) Fiori] detected by AFLPs and SSRs . Plant Science 169 (1): 199-210.</li> <li>Robbins, W.W., M. K. Bellue, and W. S. Ball. 1970. <i>Weeds of California</i>. State of California, Dept. of Agriculture. 547 pp.</li> <li>Sonnante G., et al. (2007). On the origin of artichoke and cardoon from the Cynara gene pool as revealed by rDNA sequence variation . Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 54: 483–495.</li> <li>Sonnante G., et al. (2002). Genetic variation in wild and cultivated artichoke revealed by RAPD markers . Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 49: 247-252.</li> <li>Sonnante G., Carluccio A.V., De Paolis A., Pignone D. (2008) Identification of artichoke SSR markers: molecular variation and patterns of diversity in genetically cohesive taxa and wild allies. Genet. Res. Crop Evol., 55: 1029-1046</li> <li>Sonnante G., De Paolis A., Pignone D. (2004). Relationships among artichoke cultivars and some related wild taxa based on AFLP markers . Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 1: 125-133.</li> <li>Sonnante G., Pignone D., Hammer K. (2007). The domestication of artichoke and cardoon: from Roman times to the genomic age . Annals of Botany 100: 1095-1100.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outros_artigos">Outros artigos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar a sección: «Outros artigos»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcachofa&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Outros artigos"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardo" title="Cardo">Cardo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynar (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cynar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helianthus_tuberosus" title="Helianthus tuberosus">Helianthus tuberosus</a></i></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Control_de_autoridades" title="Axuda:Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23041430" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q23041430">Q23041430</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_Central_de_Florencia" title="Biblioteca Nacional Central de Florencia">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=20270">20270</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/plant/artichoke">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4143140-6">4143140-6</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.jstor.org/topic/artichokes">artichokes</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85020244">sh85020244</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;">Identificadores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Unified_Medical_Language_System" title="Unified Medical Language System">UMLS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncim-stage.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C0453108">C0453108</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/UNII" title="UNII">UNII</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/4F3W47PLBE">4F3W47PLBE</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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