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<div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Electoral method </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_method-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Background </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Background subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Expected_cancellation_and_contingency_planning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expected_cancellation_and_contingency_planning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Expected cancellation and contingency planning </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expected_cancellation_and_contingency_planning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Official preparations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Campaign background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Candidates </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Candidates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Candidates subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Northern_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Northern Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parties_in_the_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parties_in_the_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Parties in the election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parties_in_the_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Campaign </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Campaign subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Labour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Labour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Conservative </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UKIP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UKIP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 UKIP </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UKIP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brexit_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brexit_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Brexit Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brexit_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberal_Democrats,_Green_Party_and_Change_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberal_Democrats,_Green_Party_and_Change_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Liberal Democrats, Green Party and Change UK </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberal_Democrats,_Green_Party_and_Change_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Other parties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Later events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Between_the_vote_and_the_count" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Between_the_vote_and_the_count"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 Between the vote and the count </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Between_the_vote_and_the_count-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Party_Brexit_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Party_Brexit_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 Party Brexit positions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Party_Brexit_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Debates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Debates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endorsements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endorsements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Endorsements </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Endorsements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Endorsements subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Endorsements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Newspapers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion_polls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_polls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Opinion polls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opinion_polls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Results </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Results subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 United Kingdom results </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results_by_constituency_and_local_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_by_constituency_and_local_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Results by constituency and local areas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_by_constituency_and_local_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vote_share_by_constituency_(GB_only)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vote_share_by_constituency_(GB_only)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Vote share by constituency (GB only) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vote_share_by_constituency_(GB_only)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Analysis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_Commission_report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_Commission_report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 Electoral Commission report </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_Commission_report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaction_to_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaction_to_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Reaction to results </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaction_to_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MEPs_not_returning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MEPs_not_returning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 MEPs not returning </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-MEPs_not_returning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle MEPs not returning subsection </button> <ul id="toc-MEPs_not_returning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-MEPs_not_standing_for_re-election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MEPs_not_standing_for_re-election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 MEPs not standing for re-election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MEPs_not_standing_for_re-election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brexit_Party_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brexit_Party_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1.1 Brexit Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brexit_Party_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservative_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservative_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1.2 Conservative </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservative_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1.3 Greens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labour_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labour_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1.4 Labour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labour_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independents_elected_as_UKIP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independents_elected_as_UKIP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1.5 Independents elected as UKIP </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independents_elected_as_UKIP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1.6 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incumbent_MEPs_defeated" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incumbent_MEPs_defeated"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Incumbent MEPs defeated </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incumbent_MEPs_defeated-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manifestos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manifestos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Manifestos </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manifestos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" > 13 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_2019" title="انتخابات البرلمان الأوروبي في المملكة المتحدة 2019 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتخابات البرلمان الأوروبي في المملكة المتحدة 2019" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etholiad_Senedd_Ewrop,_2019_(DU)" title="Etholiad Senedd Ewrop, 2019 (DU) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Etholiad Senedd Ewrop, 2019 (DU)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa-Parlamentsvalget_2019_i_Storbritannien" title="Europa-Parlamentsvalget 2019 i Storbritannien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Europa-Parlamentsvalget 2019 i Storbritannien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europawahl_im_Vereinigten_K%C3%B6nigreich_2019" title="Europawahl im Vereinigten Königreich 2019 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Europawahl im Vereinigten Königreich 2019" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_al_Parlamento_Europeo_de_2019_(Reino_Unido)" title="Elecciones al Parlamento Europeo de 2019 (Reino Unido) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones al Parlamento Europeo de 2019 (Reino Unido)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B9)" title="انتخابات پارلمان اروپا در 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class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-es_eur%C3%B3pai_parlamenti_v%C3%A1laszt%C3%A1s_az_Egyes%C3%BClt_Kir%C3%A1lys%C3%A1gban" title="2019-es európai parlamenti választás az Egyesült Királyságban – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="2019-es európai parlamenti választás az Egyesült Királyságban" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybory_do_Parlamentu_Europejskiego_w_Wielkiej_Brytanii_w_2019_roku" title="Wybory do Parlamentu Europejskiego w Wielkiej Brytanii w 2019 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wybory do Parlamentu Europejskiego w Wielkiej Brytanii w 2019 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" 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searchaux" style="display:none">2019 election of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1247979735">.mw-parser-output .ib-election{line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-data{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-label{width:5em;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-subheader{line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-header{font-weight:normal}@media(max-width:640px){body.skin--responsive:not(.skin-monobook):not(.skin-timeless) .mw-parser-output .ib-election .notpageimage.noresize img{height:80px!important;width:auto!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:400px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class="">23 May 2019</td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_(2014%E2%80%932019)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom (2014–2019)">outgoing members</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_(2019%E2%80%932020)" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom (2019–2020)">elected members</a> →</div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />All 73 United Kingdom seats in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Opinion polls</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registered</th><td class="infobox-data">46,550,683 <a href="#cite_note-1">[n 1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">37.2%<a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a> <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">First party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Second party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Third party </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #12B6CF;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -10px; width: 150px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigel_Farage_(45718080574)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Nigel Farage (45718080574) (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Nigel_Farage_%2845718080574%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Nigel_Farage_%2845718080574%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Nigel_Farage_%2845718080574%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Nigel_Farage_%2845718080574%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Nigel_Farage_%2845718080574%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Nigel_Farage_%2845718080574%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="3561" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #FAA61A;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Catherine_Bearder_MEP,_Strasbourg_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Catherine Bearder MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Catherine_Bearder_MEP%2C_Strasbourg_-_Diliff.jpg/120px-Catherine_Bearder_MEP%2C_Strasbourg_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Catherine_Bearder_MEP%2C_Strasbourg_-_Diliff.jpg/180px-Catherine_Bearder_MEP%2C_Strasbourg_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Catherine_Bearder_MEP%2C_Strasbourg_-_Diliff.jpg/240px-Catherine_Bearder_MEP%2C_Strasbourg_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3345" data-file-height="5018" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #E4003B;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -5px; left: -15px; width: 150px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Corbett.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Richard_Corbett.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Richard_Corbett.jpg/150px-Richard_Corbett.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Richard_Corbett.jpg/225px-Richard_Corbett.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Richard_Corbett.jpg/300px-Richard_Corbett.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1835" data-file-height="2121" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Bearder" title="Catherine Bearder">Catherine Bearder</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Richard Corbett</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Alliance </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe">ALDE</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader since </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">22 March 2019 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2 July 2014 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">25 October 2017 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader's seat </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency)">Yorkshire and the Humber</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Last election </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">Did not contest </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1 seat, 6.6% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">20 seats, 24.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">29 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">16 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">10 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">New party </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 15 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 10 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">5,248,533 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">3,367,284 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2,347,255 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">30.5% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">19.6% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">13.6% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Swing </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">New party </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 13.0 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 10.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">Fourth party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Fifth party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Sixth party </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #02A95B;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Sian_Berry_and_Jonathan_Bartley,_2018_(portrait_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sian Berry and Jonathan Bartley, 2018 (portrait crop).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sian_Berry_and_Jonathan_Bartley%2C_2018_%28portrait_crop%29.jpg/120px-Sian_Berry_and_Jonathan_Bartley%2C_2018_%28portrait_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sian_Berry_and_Jonathan_Bartley%2C_2018_%28portrait_crop%29.jpg/180px-Sian_Berry_and_Jonathan_Bartley%2C_2018_%28portrait_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sian_Berry_and_Jonathan_Bartley%2C_2018_%28portrait_crop%29.jpg/240px-Sian_Berry_and_Jonathan_Bartley%2C_2018_%28portrait_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="1289" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #0087DC;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashley_Fox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ashley Fox.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ashley_Fox.jpg/120px-Ashley_Fox.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ashley_Fox.jpg/180px-Ashley_Fox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ashley_Fox.jpg/240px-Ashley_Fox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1620" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #FDF38E;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Alyn_Smith_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Official portrait of Alyn Smith MP crop 2.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Official_portrait_of_Alyn_Smith_MP_crop_2.jpg/120px-Official_portrait_of_Alyn_Smith_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Official_portrait_of_Alyn_Smith_MP_crop_2.jpg/180px-Official_portrait_of_Alyn_Smith_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Official_portrait_of_Alyn_Smith_MP_crop_2.jpg/240px-Official_portrait_of_Alyn_Smith_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bartley" title="Jonathan Bartley">Jonathan Bartley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Si%C3%A2n_Berry" title="Siân Berry">Siân Berry</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Fox" title="Ashley Fox">Ashley Fox</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Alyn_Smith" title="Alyn Smith">Alyn Smith</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">SNP</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Alliance </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">Greens/EFA</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">ECR</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">Greens/EFA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader since </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">4 September 2018 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">25 November 2014 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">April 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader's seat </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">Did not stand </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England</a> (lost seat) </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Scotland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Scotland (European Parliament constituency)">Scotland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Last election </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">3 seats, 6.9% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">19 seats, 23.9% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2 seats, 2.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">7 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">4 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">3 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 4 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 15 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1,881,306 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1,512,809 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">594,553 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">11.8% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">8.8% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">3.6% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Swing </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 4.9 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 15.1 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1.1 </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><a href="/wiki/File:2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg/400px-2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg/600px-2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg/800px-2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1220" /></a><div>Results of the 2019 EU Election in the UK by local authorities.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><a href="/wiki/File:Seats_in_the_EU_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_2019.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Composition of seats representing the UK in the EU Parliament after the 2019 elections."><img alt="Composition of seats representing the UK in the EU Parliament after the 2019 elections." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Seats_in_the_EU_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_2019.svg/360px-Seats_in_the_EU_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Seats_in_the_EU_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_2019.svg/540px-Seats_in_the_EU_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom_2019.svg.png 1.5x, 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.sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:United_Kingdom_and_the_European_Union" title="Category:United Kingdom and the European Union">a series</a> of articles on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Union" title="United Kingdom membership of the European Union">UK membership</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (1973–2020)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_EU.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/United_Kingdom_EU.svg/120px-United_Kingdom_EU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/United_Kingdom_EU.svg/180px-United_Kingdom_EU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/United_Kingdom_EU.svg/240px-United_Kingdom_EU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="916" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_European_Communities" title="Accession of the United Kingdom to the European Communities">Accession</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1972" title="Treaty of Accession 1972">Treaty of Accession 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities_Act_1972_(UK)" title="European Communities Act 1972 (UK)">1972 EC Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1973 enlargement of the European Communities">1973 enlargement of the EC</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum">1975 referendum</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Referendum_Act_1975" title="Referendum Act 1975">Referendum Act</a> (<a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="Results of the 1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum">results</a>)</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaty</a> amendments</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a>, 1986</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a href="/wiki/European_Communities_(Amendment)_Act_1986" title="European Communities (Amendment) Act 1986">UK ratification</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a>, 1992</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a href="/wiki/European_Communities_(Amendment)_Act_1993" title="European Communities (Amendment) Act 1993">UK ratification</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Treaty of Amsterdam</a>, 1997</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a href="/wiki/European_Communities_(Amendment)_Act_1998" title="European Communities (Amendment) Act 1998">UK ratification</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Treaty of Nice</a>, 2001</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a href="/wiki/European_Communities_(Amendment)_Act_2002" title="European Communities (Amendment) Act 2002">UK ratification</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Treaty of Lisbon</a>, 2007</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Amendment)_Act_2008" title="European Union (Amendment) Act 2008">UK ratification</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <div style="text-align:left"> Related: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Act_2011" title="European Union Act 2011">2011 UK Act on new EU Treaty amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_relating_to_the_European_Communities_and_the_European_Union" title="Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom relating to the European Communities and the European Union">EU-related British Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_European_Constitution_referendum" title="United Kingdom European Constitution referendum">Proposed European Constitution referendum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Bill_2004%E2%80%932005" title="European Union Bill 2004–2005">European Union Bill 2004–2005</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of Members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom">MEPs</a> for <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituencies_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="European Parliament constituencies in the United Kingdom">UK constituencies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_1973%E2%80%931979" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 1973–1979">Members 1973–1979</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (elected by parliament)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_1979%E2%80%931984" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 1979–1984">Members 1979–1984</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1979 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1979 election</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_1984%E2%80%931989" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 1984–1989">Members 1984–1989</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1984 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1984 election</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_1989%E2%80%931994" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 1989–1994">Members 1989–1994</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1989 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1989 election</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_1994%E2%80%931999" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 1994–1999">Members 1994–1999</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1994 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1994 election</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_1999%E2%80%932004" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 1999–2004">Members 1999–2004</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1999 election</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_2004%E2%80%932009" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 2004–2009">Members 2004–2009</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2004 election</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_2009%E2%80%932014" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 2009–2014">Members 2009–2014</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2009 election</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_2014%E2%80%932019" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 2014–2019">Members 2014–2019</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014 election</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_2019%E2%80%932020" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 2019–2020">Members 2019–2020</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">2019 election</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <div style="text-align:left"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom">Women</a> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Officials and bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Committee" title="European Union Committee">House of Lords EU Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Scrutiny_Committee" title="European Scrutiny Committee">House of Commons EU Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Permanent_Representatives_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Permanent Representatives of the United Kingdom to the European Union">Permanent EU Representatives for UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Northern_Ireland_Executive_in_Brussels" title="Office of the Northern Ireland Executive in Brussels">Northern Ireland Executive in Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representative_of_the_European_Union,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Representative of the European Union, London">EU Representative in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commissioners_by_nationality#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Commissioners by nationality">UK European Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Exiting_the_European_Union" title="Department for Exiting the European Union">Department for Exiting the European Union</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Issues and events</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>Economy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_euro" title="United Kingdom and the euro">The Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Wednesday" title="Black Wednesday">Black Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rebate" title="UK rebate">UK budget rebate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom">Euroscepticism in the UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_opt-outs_from_EU_legislation" title="United Kingdom opt-outs from EU legislation">United Kingdom opt-outs from EU legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Rebels" title="Maastricht Rebels">Maastricht Rebels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_Competences_Review" title="Balance of Competences Review">Balance of Competences Review</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Withdrawal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 UK general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_United_Kingdom_renegotiation_of_European_Union_membership" title="2015–2016 United Kingdom renegotiation of European Union membership">2015–2016 membership renegotiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 EU membership referendum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vote_Leave" title="Vote Leave">Vote Leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_Stronger_in_Europe" title="Britain Stronger in Europe">Britain Stronger in Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_invocation_of_Article_50_of_the_Treaty_on_European_Union" title="United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union">Notification of withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 UK general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations" title="Brexit negotiations">Brexit negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Brexit" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of Brexit">Impact of Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Brexit_United_Kingdom_relations_with_the_European_Union" title="Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union">Future relationship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">Withdrawal agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-deal_Brexit" title="No-deal Brexit">No-deal Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_and_the_Irish_border" title="Brexit and the Irish border">Impact on Irish border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Protocol" title="Northern Ireland Protocol">Northern Ireland Protocol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_votes_on_Brexit" title="Parliamentary votes on Brexit">Parliamentary votes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_referendum_on_the_Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Proposed referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement">Proposed second referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 UK general election</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/16px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/24px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">EU portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">UK portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Kingdom_in_the_European_Union" title="Template:United Kingdom in the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Kingdom_in_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:United Kingdom in the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Kingdom_in_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Kingdom in the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Brexit" title="Category:Brexit">a series</a> of articles on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/EU-Austritt_%2847521165961%29.svg/75px-EU-Austritt_%2847521165961%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/EU-Austritt_%2847521165961%29.svg/113px-EU-Austritt_%2847521165961%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/EU-Austritt_%2847521165961%29.svg/150px-EU-Austritt_%2847521165961%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Withdrawal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> from the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Brexit_terms" title="Glossary of Brexit terms">Glossary of terms</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum#Background" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Background</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities_Act_1972_(UK)" title="European Communities Act 1972 (UK)">European Communities Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum">1975 EC membership referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rebate" title="UK rebate">UK rebate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruges_speech" title="Bruges speech">Bruges speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._No._No._(Margaret_Thatcher)" title="No. No. No. (Margaret Thatcher)">No. No. No.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Rebels" title="Maastricht Rebels">Maastricht Rebels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Wednesday" title="Black Wednesday">Black Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Amendment)_Act_2008" title="European Union (Amendment) Act 2008">European Union (Amendment) Act 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Act_2011" title="European Union Act 2011">European Union Act 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_opt-outs_from_EU_legislation" title="United Kingdom opt-outs from EU legislation">UK opt-outs from EU legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom">Euroscepticism in the UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_United_Kingdom%27s_membership_of_the_European_Union" title="Opinion polling on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union">UK opinion polling on EU membership</a></li></ul></li> <li>Campaigns for a referendum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Pledge" title="People's Pledge">People's Pledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_for_a_Referendum" title="Labour for a Referendum">Labour for a Referendum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_speech" title="Bloomberg speech">Bloomberg speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_European_Union:_In_or_Out" title="The European Union: In or Out">In or Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Referendum)_Bill_2013%E2%80%9314" title="European Union (Referendum) Bill 2013–14">2013–14 EU (Referendum) Bill</a> (unsuccessful)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom"> 2014 European Parliament election</a></li> <li>2014 UK Parliament by-elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Clacton_by-election" title="2014 Clacton by-election">Clacton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Heywood_and_Middleton_by-election" title="2014 Heywood and Middleton by-election">Heywood and Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Rochester_and_Strood_by-election" title="2014 Rochester and Strood by-election">Rochester and Strood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 UK general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_United_Kingdom_renegotiation_of_European_Union_membership" class="mw-redirect" title="2015–16 United Kingdom renegotiation of European Union membership">2015–16 EU membership renegotiation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 EU referendum</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Referendum_Act_2015" title="European Union Referendum Act 2015">EU Referendum Act</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Referendum)_Act_2016_(Gibraltar)" title="European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)">Gibraltar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Referendum_(Date_of_Referendum_etc.)_Regulations_2016" title="European Union Referendum (Date of Referendum etc.) Regulations 2016">EU Referendum (Date of Referendum etc.) Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_European_Union_Referendum_(Conduct)_Regulations_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="The European Union Referendum (Conduct) Regulations 2016">EU Referendum (Conduct) Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issues_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Issues in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Endorsements in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Opinion polling for the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Opinion polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-EU_leaflet" title="Pro-EU leaflet">UK Government pro-EU leaflet</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigning_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Campaigning in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Campaigns</a></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Leave campaigns</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vote_Leave" title="Vote Leave">Vote Leave</a> (official) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_for_Britain" title="Business for Britain">Business for Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatives_for_Britain" title="Conservatives for Britain">Conservatives for Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeLeave" title="BeLeave">BeLeave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leave.EU" title="Leave.EU">Leave.EU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bpoplive" title="Bpoplive">Bpoplive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Freedom_Association" title="The Freedom Association">The Freedom Association</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Better_Off_Out" title="Better Off Out">Better Off Out</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_Out" title="Grassroots Out">Grassroots Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Leave" title="Labour Leave">Labour Leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Britain_Out" title="Get Britain Out">Get Britain Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruges_Group_(United_Kingdom)" title="Bruges Group (United Kingdom)">Bruges Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_an_Independent_Britain" title="Campaign for an Independent Britain">Campaign for an Independent Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit:_The_Movie" title="Brexit: The Movie">Brexit: The Movie</a></li></ul> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Remain campaigns</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britain_Stronger_in_Europe" title="Britain Stronger in Europe">Britain Stronger in Europe</a> (official)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_In_for_Britain" title="Labour In for Britain">Labour In for Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Movement_UK" title="European Movement UK">European Movement UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_in_Europe" title="Britain in Europe">Britain in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Influence" title="British Influence">British Influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_for_New_Europe" title="Business for New Europe">Business for New Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_(advocacy_group)" title="Nucleus (advocacy group)">Nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Fear" title="Project Fear">Project Fear</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Outcome</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Results of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_vote_in_favour_of_Brexit" title="Causes of the vote in favour of Brexit">Causes for result</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="International reactions to the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Aftermath of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Immediate aftermath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2016 Conservative Party leadership election">2016 Conservative Party election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2016 Labour Party election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July%E2%80%93September_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="July–September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">2016 UKIP election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Exiting_the_European_Union" title="Department for Exiting the European Union">Department for Exiting the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_International_Trade" title="Department for International Trade">Department for International Trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_unlawful_campaigning_in_the_2016_EU_referendum" title="Allegations of unlawful campaigning in the 2016 EU referendum">Allegations of unlawful campaigning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_Brexit_referendum" title="Russian interference in the 2016 Brexit referendum">Alleged Russian interference</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_invocation_of_Article_50_of_the_Treaty_on_European_Union" title="United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union">Notice of withdrawal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Article 50 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_(Miller)_v_Secretary_of_State_for_Exiting_the_European_Union" title="R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union">Miller case (Article 50)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Notification_of_Withdrawal)_Act_2017" title="European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017">EU (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_plan" title="Brexit plan">Brexit plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeal_Bill_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Repeal Bill plan">Repeal Bill plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 UK general election</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations" title="Brexit negotiations">Negotiations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Negotiation positions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_negotiating_directives_for_Brexit" title="European Union negotiating directives for Brexit">EU negotiation mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chequers_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Chequers agreement">Chequers agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li>Timeline: <a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations_in_2017" title="Brexit negotiations in 2017">2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations_in_2018" title="Brexit negotiations in 2018">2018</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations_in_2019" title="Brexit negotiations in 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2019 European Parliament election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 UK general election</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">Withdrawal agreement</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_divorce_bill" title="Brexit divorce bill">Brexit divorce bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_for_finance" title="Fish for finance">Fish for finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_backstop" title="Irish backstop">Irish backstop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-deal_Brexit" title="No-deal Brexit">No-deal Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Protocol" title="Northern Ireland Protocol">Northern Ireland Protocol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Protocol_Bill" title="Northern Ireland Protocol Bill">Northern Ireland Protocol Bill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Framework" title="Windsor Framework">Windsor Framework</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_votes_on_Brexit" title="Parliamentary votes on Brexit">Legislation</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2018" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018">Withdrawal Act 2018</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2019_(Gibraltar)" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019 (Gibraltar)">Gibraltar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Safeguards_Act_2018" title="Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018">Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2019" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019">Cooper–Letwin Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_(No._2)_Act_2019" title="European Union (Withdrawal) (No. 2) Act 2019">Benn Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_suspension_of_rebel_Conservative_MPs" title="2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs">2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Withdrawal_Agreement_(Public_Vote)_Bill_2017%E2%80%9319" title="European Union Withdrawal Agreement (Public Vote) Bill 2017–19">Public Vote Bill</a> (not passed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terms_of_Withdrawal_from_EU_(Referendum)_Bills" title="Terms of Withdrawal from EU (Referendum) Bills">Terms of Withdrawal Bills</a> (not passed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union_(Legal_Continuity)_(Scotland)_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Legal Continuity) (Scotland) Bill">Scottish EU Continuity Bill</a> (blocked)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal_Agreement)_Act_2020" title="European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020">Withdrawal Agreement Act</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal_Agreement)_Act_2020_(Gibraltar)" title="European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 (Gibraltar)">Gibraltar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union_(Continuity)_(Scotland)_Act_2021" title="UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2021"> Scottish EU Continuity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Internal_Market_Act_2020" title="United Kingdom Internal Market Act 2020">Internal Market Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Future_Relationship)_Act_2020" title="European Union (Future Relationship) Act 2020">EU (Future Relationship) Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retained_EU_Law_(Revocation_and_Reform)_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Retained EU Law (Revocation and Reform) Bill">Retained EU Law (Revocation and Reform) Bill</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Brexit" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of Brexit">Impact</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_and_the_Irish_border" title="Brexit and the Irish border">Impact on the Irish border</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Brexit_on_the_European_Union" title="Impact of Brexit on the European Union">Impact on the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_effects_of_Brexit" title="Economic effects of Brexit">Economic effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_Brexit_on_Gibraltar" title="Effect of Brexit on Gibraltar">Effects on Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_and_arrangements_for_science_and_technology" title="Brexit and arrangements for science and technology">Scientific cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_in_popular_culture" title="Brexit in popular culture">Effects on popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retained_EU_law_(UK_Law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Retained EU law (UK Law)">Retained EU law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Jersey_dispute" title="2021 Jersey dispute">2021 Jersey dispute</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Post-Brexit_United_Kingdom_relations_with_the_European_Union" title="Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union">EU–UK relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">Relations pre- and post-Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_negotiation_between_the_UK_and_the_EU" title="Trade negotiation between the UK and the EU">EU–UK trade negotiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement</a> (TCA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Partnership_Council" title="EU–UK Partnership Council">Partnership Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Parliamentary_Partnership_Assembly" title="EU–UK Parliamentary Partnership Assembly">Partnership Assembly</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Relations with EU member states</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Austria–United Kingdom relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Belgium–United Kingdom relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Bulgaria–United Kingdom relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Croatia–United Kingdom relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Cyprus–United Kingdom relations">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Czech Republic–United Kingdom relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Denmark–United Kingdom relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Estonia–United Kingdom relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="France–United Kingdom relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Germany–United Kingdom relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Greece–United Kingdom relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Hungary–United Kingdom relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ireland–United Kingdom relations">Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_border" title="Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border">Ireland–UK border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North/South_Ministerial_Council" title="North/South Ministerial Council">North/South Ministerial Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Italy–United Kingdom relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Lithuania–United Kingdom relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Malta–United Kingdom relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Netherlands–United Kingdom relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Poland–United Kingdom relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Portugal–United Kingdom relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Romania–United Kingdom relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Slovakia–United Kingdom relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Spain–United Kingdom relations">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_Gibraltar" title="Status of Gibraltar">Status of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="Gibraltar–Spain border">Gibraltar–Spain border</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Sweden–United Kingdom relations">Sweden</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Membership_of_United_Kingdom_in_the_European_Economic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Membership of United Kingdom in the European Economic Area">Conjectured EEA membership</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_Brexit" title="Opposition to Brexit">Opposition</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_United_Kingdom%27s_membership_of_the_European_Union_(2016%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Opinion polling on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union (2016–present)">Post-referendum opinion polling</a></li> <li>New initiatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Change_Britain" title="Change Britain">Change Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_United" title="More United">More United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Britain" title="Open Britain">Open Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_European" title="The New European">The New European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_to_Remain" title="Unite to Remain">Unite to Remain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_By_Donkeys" title="Led By Donkeys">Led By Donkeys</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revoke_Article_50_and_remain_in_the_EU_petition" title="Revoke Article 50 and remain in the EU petition">Revoke Article 50 petition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcards_from_the_48%25" title="Postcards from the 48%">Postcards from the 48%</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_second_Scottish_independence_referendum" title="Proposed second Scottish independence referendum">Proposed second Scottish independence referendum</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Calls for a <a href="/wiki/Proposed_referendum_on_the_Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Proposed referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement">second referendum</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Vote" title="People's Vote">People's Vote</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britain_for_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Britain for Europe">Britain for Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Movement_UK" title="European Movement UK">European Movement UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_our_Future%27s_Sake" title="For our Future's Sake">For our Future's Sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthier_IN_the_EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthier IN the EU">Healthier IN the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InFacts" class="mw-redirect" title="InFacts">InFacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Britain" title="Open Britain">Open Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Future_Our_Choice" title="Our Future Our Choice">Our Future Our Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientists_for_EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientists for EU">Scientists for EU</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other organisations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Best_for_Britain" title="Best for Britain">Best for Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollocks_to_Brexit" title="Bollocks to Brexit">Bollocks to Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)#Opposing_Brexit_(2015–present)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_Vote" title="Right to Vote">Right to Vote</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brexit" title="Timeline of Brexit">Timeline</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_speech" title="Bloomberg speech">Bloomberg speech</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jan 2013</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Referendum)_Bill_2013%E2%80%9314" title="European Union (Referendum) Bill 2013–14">Referendum Bill</a> blocked</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">Jan 2014</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">European Parliament election</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> May 2014</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> May 2015</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Renegotiation begins</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jun 2015</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Referendum_Act_2015" title="European Union Referendum Act 2015">Referendum Act</a> passed</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Dec 2015</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_United_Kingdom_renegotiation_of_European_Union_membership" class="mw-redirect" title="2015–16 United Kingdom renegotiation of European Union membership">Renegotiation</a> concluded</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Feb 2016</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Referendum</a> held</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jun 2016</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> resigns as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">PM</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jul 2016</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> <a href="/wiki/2016_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2016 Conservative Party leadership election">becomes PM</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jul 2016</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/R_(Miller)_v_Secretary_of_State_for_Exiting_the_European_Union" title="R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union">Article 50 judgement</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jan 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Brexit_plan" title="Brexit plan">Brexit plan</a> presented</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">Feb 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Notification_of_Withdrawal)_Act_2017" title="European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017">Notification Act</a> passed</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Mar 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_invocation_of_Article_50_of_the_Treaty_on_European_Union" title="United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union">Article 50</a> invoked</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Mar 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Repeal_Bill_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Repeal Bill plan">Repeal Bill plan</a> presented</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">Mar 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 general election</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jun 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations" title="Brexit negotiations">Brexit negotiations begin</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jun 2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2018" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018">Withdrawal Act</a> passed</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">Jun 2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chequers_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Chequers agreement">Chequers plan</a> presented</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jul 2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement_plan" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement plan">Withdrawal agreement plan</a> presented</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> July 2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">Withdrawal agreement</a> released</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Nov 2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/UK_Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union_(Legal_Continuity)_(Scotland)_Bill_2018" title="UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Legal Continuity) (Scotland) Bill 2018">Scottish Continuity Bill</a> blocked</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">Dec 2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_votes_on_Brexit" title="Parliamentary votes on Brexit">Meaningful votes</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jan–Mar 2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_votes_on_Brexit#Vote_on_extending_Article_50_(14_March_2019)" title="Parliamentary votes on Brexit">Brexit delayed until 12 April</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Mar 2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2019" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019">Cooper–Letwin Act</a> passed</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Apr 2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2019#Motion_under_the_Act" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019">Brexit delayed until 31 October</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Apr 2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">European Parliament election</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> May 2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Theresa May resigns as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">PM</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jul 2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> <a href="/wiki/2019_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 Conservative Party leadership election">becomes PM</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jul 2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2019_British_prorogation_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 British prorogation controversy">Prorogation</a> and <a href="/wiki/R_(Miller)_v_The_Prime_Minister_and_Cherry_v_Advocate_General_for_Scotland" title="R (Miller) v The Prime Minister and Cherry v Advocate General for Scotland">annulment</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Aug–Sep 2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_(No._2)_Act_2019" title="European Union (Withdrawal) (No. 2) Act 2019">Benn Act</a> passed</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Sep 2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Withdrawal agreement <a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement#Revisions_in_2019" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">revised</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Oct 2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_(No._2)_Act_2019#Outcome" title="European Union (Withdrawal) (No. 2) Act 2019">Brexit delayed until 31 January</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Oct 2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general election</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Dec 2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal_Agreement)_Act_2020" title="European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020">Agreement Act</a> passed</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jan 2020</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> UK leaves the European Union</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jan 2020</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Implementation period begins</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jan 2020</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">UK–EU trade deal agreed</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Dec 2020</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Future_Relationship)_Act_2020" title="European Union (Future Relationship) Act 2020">Future Relationship Act</a> passed</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Dec 2020</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/UK_Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union_(Continuity)_(Scotland)_Act_2021" title="UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2021">Scottish Continuity Act</a> passed</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Dec 2020</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Implementation period ends</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Dec 2020</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> New EU–UK relationship begins</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Jan 2021</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> UK–EU trade deal ratified</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Apr 2021</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Framework" title="Windsor Framework">Windsor Framework</a> released</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Feb 2023</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Windsor framework adopted</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> Mar 2023</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/16px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/24px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">EU portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">UK portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brexit_sidebar" title="Template:Brexit sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brexit_sidebar" title="Template talk:Brexit sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brexit_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brexit sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The 2019 European Parliament election was the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s component of the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019 European Parliament election</a>. It was held on Thursday 23 May 2019 and the results announced on Sunday 26 and Monday 27 May 2019, after all the other EU countries had voted.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-3">[2]</a> This was the United Kingdom's final participation in a European Parliament election before <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">leaving the European Union on 31 January 2020</a>; it was also the last election to be held under the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Elections_Act_2002" title="European Parliamentary Elections Act 2002">European Parliamentary Elections Act 2002</a> before its repeal under the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2018" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018">European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018</a>, and was the first European election in the United Kingdom since <a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1999</a> to be held on a day that did not coincide with any local elections. This was the first of two national elections held in the United Kingdom in 2019; the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general election</a> occurred six-and-a-half months later in December 2019. At first no European Parliament election was planned in the United Kingdom, for <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> (following the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 referendum</a>) was set to take place on 29 March 2019. However, at the <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Council_meetings" title="List of European Council meetings">European summit</a> on 11 April 2019, the British government and the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> agreed to delay British withdrawal until 31 October 2019. From that time onward it was the default position in UK and <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> law for the election to take place; however, the <a href="/wiki/UK_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Government">UK Government</a> continued making attempts to avoid participation by seeking agreement on a withdrawal to take place before 23 May.<a href="#cite_note-UK-Gearing-4">[3]</a> On 7 May 2019, the UK government conceded, despite its opposition, that the election would have to go ahead.<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> The election was the ninth time the United Kingdom had elected <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a> to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> (and the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2019 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">fourth</a> for <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>). Candidate nominations were submitted by 16:00 on 25 April 2019, and voter registration was completed on 7 May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-GOV.UK-7">[6]</a> The British MEPs sat until 31 January 2020. Brexit was the central issue of the election campaign;<a href="#cite_note-tiglooks-8">[7]</a> arguments were made that it was a <a href="/wiki/Proxy_(statistics)" title="Proxy (statistics)">proxy</a> for a second Brexit referendum.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> The election was won by the <a href="/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK">Brexit Party</a>, which won the most votes and became the largest single national party in the European Parliament, being the dominant choice of those who had voted to leave the European Union. The votes of those who had voted to remain were more fragmented: the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> made substantial gains, finishing second nationally, while the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> (SNP) and the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party of England and Wales</a> also improved on their results from the <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014 election</a>; however, <a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a> failed to win any seats. The <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> lost all but four of its MEPs, while the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> too suffered heavy losses. The previously dominant <a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a> failed to elect any MEPs. In Northern Ireland, the Republican pro-Remain <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> and the Unionist pro-Leave <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> both held their seats, while the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> lost its seat to the pro-Remain non-sectarian <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party</a>. In Scotland, the SNP elected three MEPs, while <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Labour Party">Labour</a> lost both its MEPs and failed to win a seat in Scotland at a European election for the first time in its history. In Wales, the Brexit Party became the largest party, while the nationalist, pro-Remain <a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> came second. The Liberal Democrats became the largest party in London. The election was the first national poll in the United Kingdom since <a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">December 1910</a> in which a successor party to the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> reached higher than third place in the number of votes or seats, and the first ever national election in which the Conservative Party received less than 10% of the votes cast. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voting_eligibility">Voting eligibility</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Voting eligibility">edit</a>]</div> To vote in the election, individuals had to be: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom#Entitlement_to_register" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">on the Electoral Register</a>;<a href="#cite_note-GOV.UK-7">[6]</a></li> <li>aged 18 or over on election day;<a href="#cite_note-GOV.UK-7">[6]</a></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth</a> or <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> citizen;<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a></li> <li>resident at an address in the UK, or a British citizen living abroad who has been registered to vote in the UK in the 15 years before the election;<a href="#cite_note-GOV.UK-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> and</li> <li>not legally excluded from voting<a href="#cite_note-GOV.UK-7">[6]</a> (for example, a convicted person detained in prison or a mental hospital, or unlawfully at large if they would otherwise have been detained,<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> or a person found guilty of certain corrupt or illegal practices)<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a></li></ul> Individuals had to be <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom#Registration_procedure" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">registered to vote</a> by midnight on 7 May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-EuropeanParliamentElectoralCommission-16">[14]</a> A person with two homes, such as a university student with a term-time address but living at home during holidays, could be registered to vote at both addresses as long as they are not in the same electoral area, but could vote in only one constituency at the election.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> European Union citizens (except for British, Irish, Cypriot and Maltese citizens) also had to submit a European Parliament voter registration form (also known as Form UC1 or Form EC6)<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> by midnight on 7 May 2019 to confirm that they would vote in the European Parliament election only in the UK, and not in their home country.<a href="#cite_note-EuropeanParliamentElectoralCommission-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> However, in the top 10 <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">local authorities</a> with EU citizens, only 21% of EU citizens who were <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom#Entitlement_to_register" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">on the Electoral Register</a> returned this form by the deadline.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> EU citizens who did not submit this form were unable to vote in the election.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constituencies">Constituencies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Constituencies">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituencies_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="European Parliament constituencies in the United Kingdom">European Parliament constituencies in the United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_2014%E2%80%932019" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 2014–2019">List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 2014–2019</a></div> The United Kingdom was divided into 12 multi-member constituencies: the nine <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">regions of England</a>, plus <a href="/wiki/Scotland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Scotland (European Parliament constituency)">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wales (European Parliament constituency)">Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)">Northern Ireland</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England</a> constituency. As had been the case since 1999, the English electoral constituencies were based on the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_government" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom government">government</a>'s nine <a href="/wiki/English_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="English regions">English regions</a>. The seat allocation was the same as in 2014. The breakdown of seats just prior to the election was: <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Party </th> <th colspan="3">Faction in European Parliament </th></tr> <tr> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #E4003B"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;" colspan="2">18 </td> <td width="1px" bgcolor="#F0001C">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Socialists and Democrats</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">185 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #0087DC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;" colspan="2">18 </td> <td width="1px" bgcolor="#196CA8"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">74 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #12B6CF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;" colspan="2">14 </td> <td rowspan="2" width="1px" bgcolor="#24B9B9"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: right;">43 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" width="1px" style="background-color: #DCDCDC"> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align: right;">6 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Janice_Atkinson" title="Janice Atkinson">1</a> </td> <td width="1px" bgcolor="#2B3856">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">Europe of Nations and Freedom</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">36 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Julie_Girling" title="Julie Girling">1</a> </td> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #3399FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">218 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Steven_Woolfe" title="Steven Woolfe">1</a> </td> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #DCDCDC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" width="1px" style="background-color: #6D3177"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: right;">3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td width="1px" bgcolor="#2B3856">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">Europe of Nations and Freedom</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">36 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Hookem" title="Mike Hookem">1</a> </td> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #DCDCDC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #02A95B"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party of England and Wales</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right;">3 </td> <td rowspan="3" width="1px" style="background-color: #57B45F"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">Greens–European Free Alliance</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align: right;">52 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #FDF38E"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #005B54"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Jill_Evans" title="Jill Evans">1</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #FAA61A"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Bearder" title="Catherine Bearder">1</a> </td> <td width="1px" bgcolor="gold">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">68 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #D25469"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)">Social Democratic Party</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Flynn" title="Patrick O'Flynn">1</a> </td> <td width="1px" bgcolor="#24B9B9"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">43 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #48A5EE"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nicholson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Jim Nicholson (Northern Ireland politician)">1</a> </td> <td width="1px" bgcolor="#196CA8"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">74 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #326760"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Martina_Anderson" title="Martina Anderson">1</a> </td> <td width="1px" bgcolor="#B71C1C">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_United_Left%E2%80%93Nordic_Green_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="European United Left–Nordic Green Left">European United Left–Nordic Green Left</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">52 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #D46A4C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Diane_Dodds" title="Diane Dodds">1</a> </td> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #DCDCDC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">21 </td></tr> <tr> <td width="1px" style="color:inherit;background-color: #222221"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ashworth" title="Richard Ashworth">1</a> </td> <td width="1px" style="background-color: #3399FF">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group" title="European People's Party Group">European People's Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">218 </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td>Vacant </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td>  </td> <td>Vacant </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#f2f2f2;"> <th colspan="2" style="padding-left:1.5em;">Total </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:right;">73 </th> <th colspan="2" style="padding-left:1.5em;">Total </th> <th style="text-align:right;">750 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_method">Electoral method</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Electoral method">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MoorPool_Hall_Polling_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/MoorPool_Hall_Polling_Station.jpg/250px-MoorPool_Hall_Polling_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/MoorPool_Hall_Polling_Station.jpg/375px-MoorPool_Hall_Polling_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/MoorPool_Hall_Polling_Station.jpg/500px-MoorPool_Hall_Polling_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1199" /></a><figcaption>A polling station in <a href="/wiki/Moorpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorpool">Moorpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harborne" title="Harborne">Harborne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, within the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="West Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">West Midlands</a> constituency on 23 May 2019</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, candidates stood on either a <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party list</a>, known as a <a href="/wiki/Closed_list" title="Closed list">closed list</a>, in a set order of priority decided by that party, or as an independent. Voters chose a party (not an individual party candidate) or an independent candidate. Seats would then be allocated <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportionally</a> to the share of votes cast for each party or individual candidate in the electoral region using the <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a> of calculation. The first seat was allocated to the party or individual with the highest number of votes. After each seat was allocated to a party, for the purpose of allocating further seats that party's total votes would then be divided by one plus the number of seats already allocated to that party, to give the party's quotient. The second and subsequent seats were allocated in turn to the party or independent candidate with the greatest quotient.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)">Northern Ireland</a> constituency used the <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">single transferable vote</a> (STV) system to allocate its three MEPs. Voters ranked the candidates sequentially, in the order of their choice. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expected_cancellation_and_contingency_planning">Expected cancellation and contingency planning</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Expected cancellation and contingency planning">edit</a>]</div> The United Kingdom <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_invocation_of_Article_50_of_the_Treaty_on_European_Union" title="United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union">invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union</a> on 29 March 2017 following a <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">referendum</a> on 23 June 2016 to <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">leave the European Union</a>. As a result, the country was due to leave the EU on 29 March 2019, before the European Parliament elections took place. Nonetheless, on 27 May 2018, it was reported that the UK's <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_(United_Kingdom)" title="Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)">Electoral Commission</a> had set aside £829,000 for its "activities relating to a European Parliamentary election in 2019". The Commission described the money as a "precautionary measure, so that we have the necessary funds to deliver our functions at a European Parliamentary election, in the unlikely event that they do go ahead".<a href="#cite_note-Times_270518-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph_270518-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-BI_270518-25">[23]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> resolution of 7 February 2018 on the composition of the European Parliament (2017/2054(INL) – 2017/0900(NLE)) included these clauses: <ul><li>H7 refers to the re-allocation of some UK seats following the UK withdrawal from the EU, stating: "Underlines that the seats to be vacated by the United Kingdom upon its withdrawal from the European Union will facilitate the adoption of a new allocation of seats in Parliament, which will implement the principle of degressive proportionality; further underlines that the new allocation proposed would allow for a reduction in the size of Parliament; notes that the use of only a fraction of the seats vacated by the United Kingdom is sufficient to ensure no loss of seats for any Member State".</li> <li>H6 has a contingency for the situation that the UK does not leave the EU before the 2019 election, stating that "in case the above mentioned legal situation concerning the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union changes, the allocation of seats applied during the 2014–2019 parliamentary term should apply until the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union becomes legally effective".<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a></li></ul> The <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a> also drew up contingency plans allowing the UK to retain its MEPs were Brexit to be postponed:<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> <dl><dd>However, in the event that the United Kingdom is still a Member State of the Union at the beginning of the 2019–2024 parliamentary term, the number of representatives in the European Parliament per Member State taking up office shall be the one provided for in Article 3 of the European Council Decision 2013/312/EU until the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union becomes legally effective.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_preparations">Official preparations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Official preparations">edit</a>]</div> After Brexit was delayed beyond its initial planned date of 29 March 2019, the possibility of a sufficiently long delay so as to require the election to take place became more apparent. The period for withdrawal under Article 50 was first extended, with the unanimous approval of the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a>, until 12 April 2019<a href="#cite_note-CBP_8345-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> – the deadline for informing the EU of the intention to hold an election.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> By early April, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> had voted again to extend the withdrawal period, and a deadline of 31 October 2019 was agreed between the UK and the Council. The UK Government therefore ordered preparations for the election,<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> with the deadline for candidate nominations on 24 April for the South West England region and 25 April for all other regions. Nevertheless, ratification of a withdrawal agreement by the UK and European parliaments would still have permitted the UK to leave before October. Had this occurred before 23 May, the United Kingdom and <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> would not have taken part in the <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019 European Parliament elections</a> scheduled for that day.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> On 7 May, the UK Government announced that it would not be able to obtain ratification in time to prevent the elections, although it still aimed to ratify the withdrawal agreement before October.<a href="#cite_note-Confirmed-34">[32]</a> Later in May, it also acknowledged that the MEPs elected would take up their seats, with Brexit not due to happen until after 2 July.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_background">Campaign background</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Campaign background">edit</a>]</div> The two major UK political parties, the Conservatives and Labour, saw the prospect of elections for the European Parliament (while the UK was due to leave the European Union) as problematic, with both having been keen to avoid this scenario.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> The backdrop of ongoing debate around Brexit was expected to be a very significant factor in how people voted, with the election seen by many as a "proxy referendum" on whether the country should leave the EU or not.<a href="#cite_note-tiglooks-8">[7]</a> Commentators[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] suggested that the vote share for the Conservatives and Labour could fall, with voters moving towards a number of pro-Leave or pro-Remain parties,<a href="#cite_note-dismal-37">[35]</a> and this did indeed happen. The Conservative government had made several attempts to get the Withdrawal Agreement that it had negotiated with the EU approved by the House of Commons, which would have allowed for Brexit before the election. All these having failed, the Conservatives entered into cross-party talks with the Labour Party to see whether they could agree a withdrawal plan.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> These talks were still ongoing as of 10 May 2019,<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> but eventually failed. The election was seen as being significant for two new single-issue parties: the <a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a> (supporting Brexit), and <a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a> (supporting the UK remaining in the EU).<a href="#cite_note-ft.com-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-tiglooks-8">[7]</a> Between the 2014 and 2019 elections, there were many changes to the breakdown of UK members due to defections and changes in affiliation. This table shows the number of MEPs in each party at both ends of the term: <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Affiliation </th> <th colspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">Members </th></tr> <tr> <th>At <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014 election</a> </th> <th>At dissolution </th> <th>Change </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> </td> <td>19 </td> <td>18 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #E4003B;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>18 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #12B6CF;" data-sort-value="Brexit Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>14 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 14 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>6 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #02A95B;" data-sort-value="Green Party of England and Wales"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #6D3177;" data-sort-value="UK Independence Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UKIP</a> </td> <td>24 </td> <td>3 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 21 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FDF38E;" data-sort-value="Scottish National Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">SNP</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #FAA61A;" data-sort-value="Liberal Democrats (UK)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #326760;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #D46A4C;" data-sort-value="Democratic Unionist Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">DUP</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #005B54;" data-sort-value="Plaid Cymru"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #48A5EE;" data-sort-value="Ulster Unionist Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">UUP</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #D25469;" data-sort-value="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)">SDP</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #222221;" data-sort-value="Change UK"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>1 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Vacant seats </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="1">Total </td> <td>73 </td> <td>73 </td> <td align="left"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Candidates">Candidates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Candidates">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Party lists in the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Party lists in the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom</a></div> Nomination papers had to be submitted by 16:00 on the 19th working day before election day (25 April 2019).<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> To stand as a candidate, individuals had to be aged 18 or over on the date of nomination and a <a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British</a> or <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> citizen, or a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizen</a> possessing <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_leave_to_remain" title="Indefinite leave to remain">indefinite leave to remain</a> or <a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of abode (United Kingdom)">not requiring leave to enter or remain</a> in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> In April 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> said it had begun its process for choosing candidates.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> 16 of the 20 MEPs elected in 2014 applied to stand again.<a href="#cite_note-UK-Gearing-4">[3]</a> The party's candidates were announced on 18 April, and included former Cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Adonis" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Adonis">Andrew Adonis</a>, former MP <a href="/wiki/Katy_Clark" title="Katy Clark">Katy Clark</a> and the national co-ordinator of campaigning group <a href="/wiki/Momentum_(organisation)" title="Momentum (organisation)">Momentum</a> Laura Parker.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> Following the prospect of a delay to Brexit, <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> MEPs were asked by their delegation leader if they would consider standing again if there were a delay that would mean the UK staying in the EU beyond the date of the next European Parliament election.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> Fifteen of the party's 18 MEPs stood again as lead candidates for their respective regions.<a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a> ran candidates for all 70 seats in Great Britain, with leader Nigel Farage, himself a former UKIP leader, standing in the South East England region, and former Conservative candidate <a href="/wiki/Annunziata_Rees-Mogg" title="Annunziata Rees-Mogg">Annunziata Rees-Mogg</a> standing in the East Midlands region.<a href="#cite_note-ft.com-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> Writer <a href="/wiki/Claire_Fox" title="Claire Fox">Claire Fox</a>, formerly of the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party_(UK,_1978)" title="Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1978)">Revolutionary Communist Party</a>, and former Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Ann_Widdecombe" title="Ann Widdecombe">Ann Widdecombe</a> both also stood.<a href="#cite_note-chuklaunch-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> The <a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a> selected its three remaining MEPs as candidates, along with social media activist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Benjamin" title="Carl Benjamin">Carl Benjamin</a> and YouTuber <a href="/wiki/Mark_Meechan" title="Mark Meechan">Mark Meechan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party of England and Wales</a> and the corresponding party in Scotland, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Greens" title="Scottish Greens">Scottish Greens</a>, began their candidate selection processes in March.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a> The Green Party of England and Wales announced a full slate of candidates for England and Wales on 24 April 2019, including one of its three outgoing MEPs, <a href="/wiki/Molly_Scott_Cato" title="Molly Scott Cato">Molly Scott Cato</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> Other candidates included <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Rowett" title="Catherine Rowett">Catherine Rowett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Read" title="Rupert Read">Rupert Read</a> and former Lord Mayor of Sheffield, <a href="/wiki/Magid_Magid" title="Magid Magid">Magid Magid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> announced their selected candidates for England and Wales on 17 April 2019 following a membership vote. The party's sole incumbent MEP, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Bearder" title="Catherine Bearder">Catherine Bearder</a>, was re-selected as its lead candidate for South East England, while former MEPs <a href="/wiki/Chris_Davies_(Liberal_Democrat_politician)" title="Chris Davies (Liberal Democrat politician)">Chris Davies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Hall_(politician)" title="Fiona Hall (politician)">Fiona Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Newton_Dunn" title="Bill Newton Dunn">Bill Newton Dunn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phil_Bennion" title="Phil Bennion">Phil Bennion</a> were selected as lead candidates for their respective regions. Other candidates included in London the entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Dhamija" title="Dinesh Dhamija">Dinesh Dhamija</a> and the former leader of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alliance_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="People's Alliance of Tower Hamlets">People's Alliance of Tower Hamlets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabina_Khan" title="Rabina Khan">Rabina Khan</a>, and former MPs <a href="/wiki/Martin_Horwood" title="Martin Horwood">Martin Horwood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Williams_(British_politician)" title="Stephen Williams (British politician)">Stephen Williams</a> in the South West. The party also stood a full slate in Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a> said it had had 3,700 applicants to be candidates, including former MPs from both the Labour Party and the Conservative Party.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> Its candidates included writer <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Johnson" title="Rachel Johnson">Rachel Johnson</a> (sister of Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> and formerly of the Liberal Democrats), former BBC journalist <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Esler" title="Gavin Esler">Gavin Esler</a>,<a href="#cite_note-chuklaunch-52">[50]</a> former Conservative MPs <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dorrell" title="Stephen Dorrell">Stephen Dorrell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Carmichael_(English_politician)" title="Neil Carmichael (English politician)">Neil Carmichael</a>, former Labour MEP <a href="/wiki/Carole_Tongue" title="Carole Tongue">Carole Tongue</a>, former Labour MPs <a href="/wiki/Roger_Casale" title="Roger Casale">Roger Casale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Owen_Jones" title="Jon Owen Jones">Jon Owen Jones</a>, former Liberal Democrat MEP <a href="/wiki/Diana_Wallis" title="Diana Wallis">Diana Wallis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> and former deputy Prime Minister of Poland <a href="/wiki/Jacek_Rostowski" title="Jacek Rostowski">Jacek Rostowski</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> It stood 70 candidates (all of Great Britain, but not Northern Ireland).<a href="#cite_note-chuklaunch-52">[50]</a> Two of its candidates subsequently withdrew from the ballot due to reports that they had made misogynistic and racist remarks.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jill_Evans" title="Jill Evans">Jill Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a>'s sole MEP, stood as the party's lead candidate as part of a full slate for the Wales constituency.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equality_Party" title="Women's Equality Party">Women's Equality Party</a> stood in the London constituency,<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> with the party's co-founder <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Mayer" title="Catherine Mayer">Catherine Mayer</a> as the lead candidate.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a> activist <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a> stood as an independent for the North West England constituency.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> Further parties and independent candidates also stood, including the <a href="/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Party" title="Yorkshire Party">Yorkshire Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> Nine candidates, seven in London and two in South West England, were part of the new Climate Emergency Independents group. They took part in and were inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Extinction_Rebellion" title="Extinction Rebellion">Extinction Rebellion</a> protests. However, as they were not a registered political party, they were all listed as separate independents on the ballot paper.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Flynn" title="Patrick O'Flynn">Patrick O'Flynn</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)">Social Democratic Party</a>'s sole MEP, who defected to the SDP after originally being elected for UKIP, stated in April 2019 that the party would not be standing candidates at the election.<a href="#cite_note-newsnight9-72">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Northern Ireland">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" align="right"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Parties with a sitting MEP </th> <th>European affiliation </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">N</a>I </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_United_Left%E2%80%93Nordic_Green_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="European United Left–Nordic Green Left">GUE/NGL</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">ECR</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> has a different party system to Great Britain, dominated by regional parties, and using <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">single transferable vote</a> rather than the party list system. Two of the three sitting MEPs contested the election: <a href="/wiki/Martina_Anderson" title="Martina Anderson">Martina Anderson</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diane_Dodds" title="Diane Dodds">Diane Dodds</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-whoni-74">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Nicholson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Jim Nicholson (Northern Ireland politician)">Jim Nicholson</a>, who had represented the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> since 1989, retired, with <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kennedy_(politician)" title="Danny Kennedy (politician)">Danny Kennedy</a> instead running for the party. Three parties selected their leaders as candidates: <a href="/wiki/Colum_Eastwood" title="Colum Eastwood">Colum Eastwood</a> for the <a href="/wiki/SDLP" class="mw-redirect" title="SDLP">SDLP</a>,<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Long" title="Naomi Long">Naomi Long</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party</a>,<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clare_Bailey" title="Clare Bailey">Clare Bailey</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party in Northern Ireland">Green Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-whoni-74">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UKIP</a> nominated Robert Hill as their candidate.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> The Conservative Party also nominated a candidate,<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> making the Conservatives and UKIP the only two parties to stand candidates in all regions across the UK. In April 2019, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Morrice" title="Jane Morrice">Jane Morrice</a>, co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Women%27s_Coalition" title="Northern Ireland Women's Coalition">Northern Ireland Women's Coalition</a> and a former deputy speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Northern Ireland Assembly</a>, announced she was standing as an independent on a pro-Remain platform.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parties_in_the_election">Parties in the election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Parties in the election">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Political party</th> <th>Standing in </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F6CB2F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)">Northern Ireland</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#EE3263; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Party" title="Animal Welfare Party">Animal Welfare Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/London_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="London (European Parliament constituency)">London</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a> </td> <td>All constituencies except <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#222221; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a> </td> <td>All constituencies except <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0087DC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> </td> <td>All constituencies </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#D46A4C; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)">Northern Ireland</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#915F6D; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/East_of_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East of England (European Parliament constituency)">East of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North West England (European Parliament constituency)">North West England</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency)">Yorkshire and the Humber</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#8dc63f; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party in Northern Ireland">Green Party in Northern Ireland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#02A95B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party of England and Wales</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> </td> <td>All constituencies except <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> </td> <td>All constituencies except <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#005B54; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wales_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wales (European Parliament constituency)">Wales</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00B140; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Green_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Green Party">Scottish Green Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDF38E; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scotland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Scotland (European Parliament constituency)">Scotland</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#326760; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)">Northern Ireland</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#2AA82C; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)">Northern Ireland</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DC241f; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Socialist Party of Great Britain">Socialist Party of Great Britain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0C3A6A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)">Northern Ireland</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#1A347E; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UK_European_Union_Party" title="UK European Union Party">UK European Union Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/London_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="London (European Parliament constituency)">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North West England (European Parliament constituency)">North West England</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6D3177; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a> </td> <td>All constituencies </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#48A5EE; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)">Northern Ireland</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#432360; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equality_Party" title="Women's Equality Party">Women's Equality Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/London_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="London (European Parliament constituency)">London</a> only </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00AEEF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Party" title="Yorkshire Party">Yorkshire Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency)">Yorkshire and the Humber</a> only </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign">Campaign</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Campaign">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labour">Labour</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Labour">edit</a>]</div> In early 2019 there was an ongoing debate within Labour as to what its policy should be with respect to Brexit. On 20 April, the party's deputy leader <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson_(Labour_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Watson (Labour politician)">Tom Watson</a> argued the party needed to back a <a href="/wiki/Proposed_referendum_on_the_Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Proposed referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement">second referendum on Brexit</a> in order to present a clear alternative to and beat the Brexit Party, but that was not Labour's preferred option.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> A draft of a Labour leaflet that made no reference to a second referendum provoked a public row,<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> including more than 90 Labour MPs and MEPs writing to the party's National Executive Committee (NEC) in protest.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> On 27 April, Labour announced that the original leaflet draft was to be redrafted to include details of the party's preparations for a general election, with a referendum if necessary to avoid what it called a "bad Tory deal".<a href="#cite_note-Redraft-84">[82]</a> Labour's manifesto for the elections was agreed at an NEC meeting on 30 April, re-affirming its 2018 policy that it will first seek a Brexit deal on its terms (including a <a href="/wiki/Customs_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Customs Union">Customs Union</a>), but if that is not possible, it will seek a general election, and, if that is not possible, a second referendum. Only one vote was held at the meeting, on an amendment from the <a href="/wiki/Transport_Salaried_Staffs%27_Association" title="Transport Salaried Staffs' Association">TSSA union</a> that sought to commit Labour to a referendum on any Brexit deal, but this was rejected by a what NEC sources called a "clear" margin.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> Retiring Labour MEP <a href="/wiki/Mary_Honeyball" title="Mary Honeyball">Mary Honeyball</a> criticised this as "Not good enough"<a href="#cite_note-guardian30apr-86">[84]</a> and some Labour Party members destroyed their membership cards in protest.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> However, some Remain-supporting Labour MPs, and Labour MPs sceptical of a second referendum, welcomed the decision.<a href="#cite_note-guardian30apr-86">[84]</a> Watson had walked out of the <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Cabinet">Shadow Cabinet</a> meeting earlier on 30 April in protest at Shadow Cabinet members not being shown the draft manifesto.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> Labour's 9 May campaign launch stressed bringing the country together. Jeremy Corbyn talked of a "healing process" between those who supported Leave and Remain.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> By mid-May, Watson and Labour's <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Brexit_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Brexit Secretary">Shadow Brexit Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> were arguing for a second referendum, yet their shadow international trade secretary <a href="/wiki/Barry_Gardiner" title="Barry Gardiner">Barry Gardiner</a> stated "Labour is not a Remain party now".<a href="#cite_note-standard.co.uk-91">[89]</a> In most voting areas, e.g. Scotland and South West England, all Labour candidates stated their support for a second referendum,<a href="#cite_note-vlrolp-92">[90]</a> with the UK's longest-serving MEP, <a href="/wiki/David_Martin_(Scottish_politician)" title="David Martin (Scottish politician)">David Martin</a> (Labour) and the Labour Leader in the European Parliament <a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Richard Corbett</a> MEP among those calling for the country to stay in the EU.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> Polling in mid-May suggested both Labour supporters and the electorate in general were split as to whether Labour supported remaining or leaving the EU.<a href="#cite_note-vlrolp-92">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservative">Conservative</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Conservative">edit</a>]</div> The Conservative government was hopeful of agreeing a withdrawal deal with the EU soon enough that UK MEPs would not take up their seats. The party did not spend any central money on candidate campaigning, did not publish a manifesto and did not hold a campaign launch. One Conservative MEP said that the deficit of campaigning would be used as an excuse if the party does poorly in the elections. Many party activists were demotivated given the failure of the government to deliver Brexit.<a href="#cite_note-dismal-37">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> councillors in <a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a> boycotted the European elections and refused to campaign in protest.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> A survey of 781 Conservative councillors found that 40% plan to vote for the <a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> Conservative MPs, including <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Allan_(politician)" title="Lucy Allan (politician)">Lucy Allan</a>, tweeted positive comments about the Brexit Party. In response, the Conservative Party issued a warning that individuals campaigning for or endorsing other parties will be expelled from the party.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> The Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative Party, Theresa May, had announced her intention to resign before the next general election, but further pressure mounted on her to be clear about her timetable for departure, with May meeting the party's <a href="/wiki/1922_Committee" title="1922 Committee">1922 Committee</a> on the matter on 16 May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> This resulted in May agreeing to stand down by 30 June 2019.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> Campaigning by possible successors accelerated after the <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2019 United Kingdom local elections">local elections</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UKIP">UKIP</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: UKIP">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/UKIP" class="mw-redirect" title="UKIP">UKIP</a> argued it was "the authentic party of Brexit, the true party of Leave", to quote party leader <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> Alongside the Conservatives, UKIP was one of two Brexit-supporting parties fielding a candidate in every region of the United Kingdom, including Northern Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-newsnight9-72">[70]</a> Batten criticised the rival <a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a> as having no policies. UKIP launched its campaign on 18 April. There was renewed criticism surrounding its candidate <a href="/wiki/Carl_Benjamin" title="Carl Benjamin">Carl Benjamin</a> for telling Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Jess_Phillips" title="Jess Phillips">Jess Phillips</a> "I wouldn't even rape you" on Twitter in 2016, and producing a satirical video.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> Further controversy came when one of UKIP's sitting MEPs, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Agnew" title="Stuart Agnew">Stuart Agnew</a>, addressed a pro-apartheid club of expatriate South Africans in London that reportedly had links to the <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brexit_Party">Brexit Party</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Brexit Party">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a>, the Brexit Party and former UKIP leader, said that there was "no difference between the Brexit party and UKIP in terms of policy, [but] in terms of personnel, there's a vast difference", criticising UKIP's connections to the far right.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-104">[102]</a> On 15 April 2019, three more sitting female UKIP MEPs defected to the Brexit Party, criticising UKIP's nomination of Benjamin as a candidate. In particular, Collins noted UKIP leader Gerard Batten's defence of Benjamin's "use of a non-rape threat as 'satire'" to be an especially compelling factor.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> Two further UKIP MEPs moved to the Brexit Party on 17 April. On 23 April, Farage said that the Brexit Party was not "here just to get a protest vote on 23 May – far from it, 23 May for us is just the beginning".<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> He also argued that the better the performance of the Brexit Party, the lower the chance of a second referendum on Brexit.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> Farage argued that should the Brexit Party get most votes in the elections, his party should get a seat at the UK/EU negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-standard.co.uk-91">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberal_Democrats,_Green_Party_and_Change_UK">Liberal Democrats, Green Party and Change UK</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Liberal Democrats, Green Party and Change UK">edit</a>]</div> The three main nationwide pro-European Union parties standing in the election, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Green parties in the United Kingdom">Greens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a>, wished to treat the election as a "soft referendum" on Europe.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> Commentators such as <a href="/wiki/Marina_Hyde" title="Marina Hyde">Marina Hyde</a> raised the concern of a split vote among pro-Remain parties reducing the number of pro-Remain MEPs being elected.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-newsnight2304-110">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Vince Cable</a>, the leader of the Liberal Democrats, proposed standing joint candidates with the Greens and Change UK on a common policy of seeking a <a href="/wiki/Proposed_referendum_on_the_Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Proposed referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement">second referendum on Brexit</a>, but the other parties rejected the idea.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> Change UK's co-founder <a href="/wiki/Chuka_Umunna" title="Chuka Umunna">Chuka Umunna</a> confirmed the Lib Dem approach, but he<a href="#cite_note-newsnight2304-110">[108]</a> and Change UK interim leader <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Allen" title="Heidi Allen">Heidi Allen</a> dismissed concerns of a split Remain vote.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> Independent MEP <a href="/wiki/Julie_Girling" title="Julie Girling">Julie Girling</a>, then supporting Change UK, said she had decided not to stand for re-election as a Change UK candidate because of the concern about maximising the Remain vote.<a href="#cite_note-girlingnotstanding-113">[111]</a> On 10 May, she endorsed the Liberal Democrats.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> Change UK and Girling clarified that she had not been and was not a Change UK MEP, with Girling saying she sat as an independent MEP.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> On 15 May, David Macdonald, the lead candidate for Change UK in Scotland, switched to endorsing the Liberal Democrats in order not to split the pro-Remain vote.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> On 22 May, Allen said that she and another Change UK MP, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Wollaston" title="Sarah Wollaston">Sarah Wollaston</a>, wanted to advise Remain supporters to vote Liberal Democrat outside of London and South East England, but they were overruled by other party members.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> The Greens said that joint lists were not "desirable" and that there were "fundamental ideological differences" on other issues between the parties that wanted a second referendum.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> The Green Party campaigned on a platform calling for action on climate change as well as an anti-Brexit platform.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> ran on a "stop Brexit" message,<a href="#cite_note-ldlaunch-122">[120]</a> seeking the support of those who wanted the UK to remain in the EU.<a href="#cite_note-ft.com-40">[38]</a> At his party's campaign launch on 26 April, Cable lamented that it was not standing on a common platform with other parties opposed to Brexit.<a href="#cite_note-ldlaunch-122">[120]</a> It launched its manifesto on 9 May, unveiling its campaign slogan "<a href="/wiki/Bollocks" title="Bollocks">Bollocks</a> to Brexit," which attracted considerable media debate.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> Polling in the final fortnight put the Liberal Democrats ahead of the other pro-Remain parties and overtaking Labour in some polls.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> Change UK (which in early April was still known as the Independent Group) saw the election as an important launchpad for its new party,<a href="#cite_note-tiglooks-8">[7]</a> seeking to turn the ballot into a "proxy referendum" on Brexit.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> On 16 April 2019, two former Conservative MEPs, who had left the party to sit as independents within the <a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">European People's Party</a> grouping, announced their support for Change UK.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Renew_Party" title="Renew Party">Renew Party</a> agreed to support Change UK at the elections, and the latter included candidates from Renew's approved list.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Molly_Scott_Cato" title="Molly Scott Cato">Molly Scott Cato</a>, a sitting MEP for the Green Party of England and Wales, criticised Change UK as "a single-issue party with no coherent policy platform beyond opposing Brexit".<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_parties">Other parties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other parties">edit</a>]</div> The SNP campaign launch was marred by tens of thousands of personalised letters being sent to the wrong people.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> The mistake was reported to be in the data supplied by SNP HQ, run by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Murrell" title="Peter Murrell">Peter Murrell</a>, husband of SNP leader <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Sturgeon" title="Nicola Sturgeon">Nicola Sturgeon</a>. The party apologised for the error: the party referred itself to the <a href="/wiki/Information_Commissioner%27s_Office" title="Information Commissioner's Office">Information Commissioner's Office</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> and might have been fined, but was cleared of breaching data protection regulations.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> The DUP campaigned on sending a message to "get on with Brexit".<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_events">Later events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Later events">edit</a>]</div> Local elections were held in most of England and all of Northern Ireland on 2 May. The results saw both Conservatives and Labour losing seats in what <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> called a "Brexit backlash" while the Liberal Democrats, Greens and independents made gains. The Liberal Democrats made the biggest gains which the Lib Dem leader Vince Cable put down to a rejection of the Conservatives and Labour over their Brexit approaches.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bush" title="Stephen Bush">Stephen Bush</a>, writing in the <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a>, argued that the Lib Dem success in the local elections make it the most likely party for Remain voters to rally around at the European elections<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> while James Moore in <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> described them as having the "momentum" leading into the European elections.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> Alliance (the Lib Dems' sister party in Northern Ireland), other smaller parties and independents also made significant gains in the local elections in Northern Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> On 18 May, former Conservative <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister</a> and sitting Conservative peer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a> said he would vote for the Liberal Democrats instead of the Conservatives because of his own party's support for Brexit.<a href="#cite_note-heseltine-140">[138]</a> Heseltine subsequently had the Conservative whip suspended, owing to his comments.<a href="#cite_note-heseltine-suspended-141">[139]</a> Polling after the local elections saw the Brexit Party in front, followed by Labour, with the Liberal Democrats taking third from the Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> Conservative sources predicted the party could come even lower than fourth.<a href="#cite_note-dismal-37">[35]</a> By the weekend before the vote, the Labour Party was concerned at the increased polling for the Liberal Democrats, which came above Labour in London and in some national polls.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-125">[123]</a> On 17 May, Labour left talks that had been held to find a Brexit deal with the Conservative government.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> May then proposed to bring a new deal to the House of Commons for a vote in early June, which she described as an "improved package of measures",<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> after which she was expected to step down as Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative Party. The campaign saw multiple cases of <a href="/wiki/Milkshaking" title="Milkshaking">milkshakes being thrown</a> at controversial MEP candidates on the right.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> The protests began against Carl Benjamin, the anti-feminist social media activist who had attracted controversy for jokes about rape,<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> and activist Tommy Robinson.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> They later extended to Nigel Farage, leader of the Brexit Party. Police asked a Scottish fast food outlet, near where a Farage rally was to take place, not to sell milkshakes on the night of the event.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> On 21 May, the Prime Minister and Leader of the Conservative Party, Theresa May made a speech outlining her plan to introduce an EU withdrawal agreement bill in June that would allow the Commons to make amendments, e.g. in favour of a Customs Union or a second referendum, but this was received badly by much of her own party as well as by other parties.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com1-151">[149]</a> There were growing calls for her to resign on 22 May, the day before the election.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com1-151">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Leadsom" title="Andrea Leadsom">Andrea Leadsom</a>, the Leader of the House of Commons, resigned on the evening of 22 May. May had planned to publish the bill on Friday 24 May, but on polling day, she abandoned that plan, with publication delayed until early June.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-152">[150]</a> On the day after the vote, May announced that she would resign as party leader on 7 June.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> There were several reports on the day of problems encountered by non-UK UK-resident EU citizens not being able to vote because their paperwork had not been processed in time, with opposition politicians raising concerns as to whether there had been systemic failures.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-152">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> At least three councils admitted that the compressed timescale of the election meant that they had not been able to send postal ballots out in time for some voters overseas.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> A report by The Guardian after the election found that in many parts of the country there were low levels of completion of UC1 forms, required by UK-resident EU citizens in order for them to vote in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> After the election, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> complained to the UK government about the "obstacles" faced by EU citizens in voting.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> A month later, the Dutch Interior Ministry stated that almost half the local UK registration officials had failed to send the UC1 data to the Dutch authorities, and that a portion of the data sent was unusable, despite complaints by the Dutch government about similar issues in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Between_the_vote_and_the_count">Between the vote and the count</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Between the vote and the count">edit</a>]</div> Because results could not be announced until the last European Union member country's polls had closed, and most countries in the EU voted on Sunday, the counting of UK ballots started on Sunday 26 May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-ballotboxes-160">[158]</a> Within a day of the polls closing, two party leaders and one deputy party leader announced their plans to resign. On 24 May, Theresa May announced her plan to resign as leader of the Conservative Party on 7 June, which would trigger a <a href="/wiki/2019_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 Conservative Party leadership election">leadership contest</a>. On the same day, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Hookem" title="Mike Hookem">Mike Hookem</a> resigned as deputy leader of UKIP in order to challenge for the leadership.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> Vince Cable, leader of the Liberal Democrats, had previously stated his intention to stand down after the local elections and European Parliament elections. The party's <a href="/wiki/2019_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2019 Liberal Democrats leadership election">leadership contest</a> officially started on 24 May.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> Two Labour politicians announced their departures from the party after the vote: departing MEP <a href="/wiki/Mary_Honeyball" title="Mary Honeyball">Mary Honeyball</a><a href="#cite_note-honeyball-163">[161]</a> and former Welsh AM <a href="/wiki/Leighton_Andrews" title="Leighton Andrews">Leighton Andrews</a>; Andrews said he had voted Green.<a href="#cite_note-andrews-164">[162]</a> Both criticised Labour over alleged <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_UK_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party">antisemitism</a> and their failure to oppose Brexit.<a href="#cite_note-honeyball-163">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-andrews-164">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alastair_Campbell" title="Alastair Campbell">Alastair Campbell</a>, formerly <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Director of Communications">Director of Communications</a> for the Labour Party, said he had voted for a pro-Remain party, the first time in his life he had not voted Labour.<a href="#cite_note-Campbell-165">[163]</a> He later revealed that he voted for the Liberal Democrats<a href="#cite_note-bbceu-166">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCReaction-167">[165]</a> and was expelled from the Labour Party.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_Brexit_positions">Party Brexit positions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Party Brexit positions">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th width="70pt">Brexit position </th> <th width="100pt">Withdrawal agreement position </th> <th>Manifesto Position </th> <th>Details </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td> <td>Ambiguous </td> <td style="background:#ffe6e6;">Opposed </td> <td style="background:#e6ffe6;">Deal with EU </td> <td>In favour of a permanent <a href="/wiki/Customs_union" title="Customs union">customs union</a> with the EU.<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> If it could not obtain agreement on its Brexit plan or an early general election, the party supported "the option of a public vote".<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0087DC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> </td> <td style="background:#acf;">Leave </td> <td style="background:#e6ffe6;">Supported </td> <td style="background:#e6ffe6;">Deal with EU </td> <td>In favour of leaving the EU with the withdrawal agreement negotiated by the current Conservative government. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a> </td> <td style="background:#acf;">Leave </td> <td style="background:#ffe6e6;">Opposed </td> <td style="background:#acf;">No deal Brexit </td> <td>In favour of "no deal" Brexit; opposed a customs union or membership of the single market.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6D3177; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UKIP</a> </td> <td style="background:#acf;">Leave </td> <td style="background:#ffe6e6;">Opposed </td> <td style="background:#acf;">No deal Brexit </td> <td>In favour of "no deal" Brexit without a formal withdrawal agreement.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#02A95B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green (E&W)</a> </td> <td style="background:#fea;">Remain </td> <td style="background:#ffe6e6;">Opposed </td> <td style="background:#fea;">Second referendum </td> <td>In favour of a second referendum.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDF38E; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">SNP</a> </td> <td style="background:#fea;">Remain </td> <td style="background:#ffe6e6;">Opposed </td> <td style="background:#fea;">Second referendum </td> <td>In favour of Scotland remaining in the single market and customs union. Supported a second referendum and an independent Scotland within the EU.<a href="#cite_note-snp.org-176">[174]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> </td> <td style="background:#fea;">Remain </td> <td style="background:#ffe6e6;">Opposed </td> <td style="background:#fea;">Revoke Article 50 to Stop Brexit </td> <td>Sought to stop Brexit. In favour of a second referendum, in which they would campaign for Remain.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbcsummary-178">[176]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#D46A4C; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist</a> </td> <td style="background:#acf;">Leave </td> <td style="background:#ffe6e6;">Opposed </td> <td style="background:#e6ffe6;">Deal with EU </td> <td>Concerns over a perceived risk to Northern Ireland's position in the United Kingdom due to the Irish border "backstop" issue.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#005B54; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> </td> <td style="background:#fea;">Remain </td> <td style="background:#ffe6e6;">Opposed </td> <td style="background:#fea;">Second referendum </td> <td>In favour of a second referendum, and potentially of an independence referendum for Wales if Brexit were to occur without continued membership of single market.<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#326760; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> </td> <td style="background:#fea;">Remain </td> <td style="background:#e6ffe6;">Supported </td> <td> </td> <td>In favour of "designated special status" for Northern Ireland remaining in the EU. Supported a border poll on Northern Ireland uniting with Ireland in the event of "no deal" Brexit.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#48A5EE; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> </td> <td>Ambiguous </td> <td style="background:#ffe6e6;">Opposed </td> <td style="background:#e6ffe6;">Deal with EU </td> <td>Concerns based over the Northern Irish "backstop" issue.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#3c3c3b"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a> </td> <td style="background:#fea;">Remain </td> <td style="background:#ffe6e6;">Opposed </td> <td style="background:#fea;">Second referendum </td> <td>In favour of a second referendum,<a href="#cite_note-chuklaunch-52">[50]</a> in which it would campaign for Remain.<a href="#cite_note-bbcsummary-178">[176]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Among other parties, the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">SDLP</a> opposed Brexit and supported a second referendum, but it supported the withdrawal agreement if Brexit is to take place.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party</a> opposed Brexit,<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">TUV</a> supported it.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Debates">Debates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Debates">edit</a>]</div> A livestreamed debate was held by <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> between <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Vince Cable</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Debate-195">[193]</a> A debate was held by the BBC in Northern Ireland, with candidates of the main regional parties represented.<a href="#cite_note-NI-196">[194]</a> The BBC also held a debate between the lead candidates of all parties standing in Wales.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Endorsements">Endorsements</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Endorsements">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Endorsements in the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Endorsements in the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Newspapers">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px;">Newspaper </th> <th colspan="2">Endorsement </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#0087DC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>, Brexit Party in strategic electorates<a href="#cite_note-independent-198">[196]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard" title="Evening Standard">Evening Standard</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td>Pro-EU candidates<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_News_Letter" class="mw-redirect" title="The News Letter">The News Letter</a> (Belfast) </td> <td>  </td> <td>Unionist candidates<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_New_Worker" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Worker">The New Worker</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td>No endorsement; encouraged a boycott<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td>Pro-EU candidates<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Worker" title="Socialist Worker">Socialist Worker</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mail_(Scotland)" title="Sunday Mail (Scotland)">Sunday Mail</a> (Scotland) </td> <td style="background-color:#00B140; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Green_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Green Party">Scottish Green Party</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mirror" title="Sunday Mirror">Sunday Mirror</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_polls">Opinion polls</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Opinion polls">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Opinion polling for the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom</a></div> The chart below depicts opinion polls conducted in Great Britain for the 2019 European Parliament elections in the UK; trendlines are <a href="/wiki/Local_regression" title="Local regression">local regressions</a> (LOESS). There was regular polling from mid-March. The share for the Brexit Party rose rapidly, and it led the polls from late April. The share for the Labour Party declined over the period, but they came second in most polls. Polling for the Liberal Democrats started rising towards the end of April, with most polls predicting they would come third. Polling for the Conservative Party fell over the period, with most polls predicting it would come fourth. <a href="/wiki/File:Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_(LOESS).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_%28LOESS%29.svg/1000px-Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_%28LOESS%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="500" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_%28LOESS%29.svg/1500px-Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_%28LOESS%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_%28LOESS%29.svg/2000px-Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_%28LOESS%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Results">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Results of the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Results of the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom</a></div> Results were declared for Wales and most of England on Sunday evening,<a href="#cite_note-bbceu-166">[164]</a> with results for the rest of England and for Scotland coming on Monday. Results for Northern Ireland were clear by the end of Monday.<a href="#cite_note-ballotboxes-160">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom_results">United Kingdom results</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: United Kingdom results">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right style="> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg/780px-2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="780" height="906" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg/1170px-2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg/1560px-2019_United_Kingdom_EU_Election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1220" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:center;" rowspan="2" colspan="2">Party </th> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Alliance</th> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">Votes</th> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Seats </th></tr> <tr> <th align="center">Number</th> <th align="center">%</th> <th align="center">+/−</th> <th align="center">Seats</th> <th align="center">+/−</th> <th align="center">% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#999999; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">NI</a></td> <td align="right">5,248,533</td> <td align="right">30.5 </td> <td align="right">new party</td> <td align="right">29</td> <td align="right">new party</td> <td align="right">39.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> </td> <td style="background-color:gold; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group">ALDE</a></td> <td align="right">3,367,284</td> <td align="right">19.6 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />13.0</td> <td align="right">16</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />15</td> <td align="right">21.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0001C; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&D</a></td> <td align="right">2,347,255</td> <td align="right">13.7 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />10.8</td> <td align="right">10</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />10</td> <td align="right">13.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#02A95B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party of England and Wales</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#57B45F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">G/EFA</a></td> <td align="right">1,881,306</td> <td align="right">11.8 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />4.0</td> <td align="right">7</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />4</td> <td align="right">9.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0087DC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#196CA8; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">ECR</a></td> <td align="right">1,512,809</td> <td align="right">8.8 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />14.3</td> <td align="right">4</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />15</td> <td align="right">5.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDF38E; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#57B45F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">G/EFA</a></td> <td align="right">594,553</td> <td align="right">3.5 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.1</td> <td align="right">3</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1</td> <td align="right">4.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#005B54; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#57B45F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">G/EFA</a></td> <td align="right">163,928</td> <td align="right">1.0 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.3</td> <td align="right">1</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td align="right">1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#326760; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#B71C1C; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_United_Left%E2%80%93Nordic_Green_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="European United Left–Nordic Green Left">GUE/NGL</a></td> <td align="right">126,951</td> <td align="right">0.7 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.2</td> <td align="right">1</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td align="right">1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#D46A4C; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#999999; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">NI</a></td> <td align="right">124,991</td> <td align="right">0.7 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.1</td> <td align="right">1</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td align="right">1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F6CB2F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a> </td> <td style="background-color:gold; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group">ALDE</a></td> <td align="right">105,928</td> <td align="right">0.6 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.3 </td> <td align="right">1</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1</td> <td align="right">1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#222221; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#3399FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party" title="European People's Party">EPP</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[party 1]</a></td> <td align="right">571,846</td> <td align="right">3.3 </td> <td align="right">new party</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">new party</td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6D3177; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UK Independence Party</a> </td> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td align="right">554,463</td> <td align="right">3.2 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />23.4 </td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />24</td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00B140; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Greens" title="Scottish Greens">Scottish Greens</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#57B45F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">G/EFA</a></td> <td align="right">129,603</td> <td align="right">0.8 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.1</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#2AA82C; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#F0001C; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&D</a></td> <td align="right">78,589</td> <td align="right">0.5 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.0</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0C3A6A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Unionist_Voice" title="Traditional Unionist Voice">Traditional Unionist Voice</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#999999; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">NI</a></td> <td align="right">62,021</td> <td align="right">0.4 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.1</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#48A5EE; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#196CA8; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">ECR</a></td> <td align="right">53,052</td> <td align="right">0.3 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.2</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1</td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00AEEF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Party" title="Yorkshire Party">Yorkshire Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#57B45F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">G/EFA</a></td> <td align="right">50,842</td> <td align="right">0.3 </td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.2</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#915F6D; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a> </td> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td align="right">39,938</td> <td align="right">0.2</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.6</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#1A347E; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/UK_European_Union_Party" title="UK European Union Party">UK European Union Party</a> </td> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td align="right">33,576</td> <td align="right">0.2</td> <td align="right">new party</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">new party</td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#EE3263; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_Party" title="Animal Welfare Party">Animal Welfare Party</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#77b72a"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal_Politics_EU" title="Animal Politics EU">APEU</a></td> <td align="right">25,232</td> <td align="right">0.2</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.0</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#432360; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equality_Party" title="Women's Equality Party">Women's Equality Party</a> </td> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td align="right">23,766</td> <td align="right">0.1</td> <td align="right">new party</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right">new party</td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#8dc63f; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Northern_Ireland" title="Green Party Northern Ireland">Green Party Northern Ireland</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#57B45F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">G/EFA</a></td> <td align="right">12,471</td> <td align="right">0.1</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.0</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Network" title="Independent Network">Independent Network</a> </td> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td align="right">7,641</td> <td align="right"><0.1</td> <td align="right">new party</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DC241f; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Socialist Party of Great Britain">Socialist Party of Great Britain</a> </td> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td align="right">3,505</td> <td align="right"><0.1</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.0</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td align="right">80,280</td> <td align="right">0.5</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.5</td> <td align="right">0</td> <td align="right"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td align="right">0 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;">Valid Votes </td> <td></td> <td>17,199,701</td> <td>99.92</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>73</td> <td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td> <td colspan="5">0 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;">Rejected Votes </td> <td></td> <td>15,138</td> <td>0.08</td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;">Overall turnout </td> <td></td> <td>17,214,839</td> <td>37.18</td> <td><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.4</td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;">Registered voters</td> <td></td> <td>46,550,683</td> <td colspan="7"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> Change UK's sole MEP before the election, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ashworth" title="Richard Ashworth">Richard Ashworth</a>, was a member of the EPP group. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_by_constituency_and_local_areas">Results by constituency and local areas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Results by constituency and local areas">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Constituency </th> <th colspan="10">Elected MEPs </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">East Midlands</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>Lab</div> </td> <td colspan="5">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_of_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East of England (European Parliament constituency)">East of England</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#02A95B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Grn</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#0087DC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Con</div> </td> <td colspan="3">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/London_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="London (European Parliament constituency)">London</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Lab</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Lab</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#02A95B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Grn</div> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North East England (European Parliament constituency)">North East England</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Lab</div> </td> <td colspan="7">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North West England (European Parliament constituency)">North West England</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Lab</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Lab</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#02A95B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Grn</div> </td> <td colspan="2">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Lab</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#02A95B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Grn</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#0087DC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Con</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#02A95B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Grn</div> </td> <td colspan="4">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="West Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">West Midlands</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Lab</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#02A95B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Grn</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#0087DC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Con</div> </td> <td colspan="3">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency)">Yorkshire and the Humber</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Lab</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#02A95B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Grn</div> </td> <td colspan="4">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scotland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Scotland (European Parliament constituency)">Scotland</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FDF38E; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">SNP</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FDF38E; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">SNP</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FDF38E; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">SNP</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LD</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#0087DC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Con</div> </td> <td colspan="4">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wales_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wales (European Parliament constituency)">Wales</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Brx</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">Lab</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#005B54; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">PC</div> </td> <td colspan="6">  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)">Northern Ireland</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#326760; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">SF</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#F6CB2F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">APNI</div> </td> <td style="background-color:#D46A4C; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">DUP</div> </td> <td colspan="7">  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vote_share_by_constituency_(GB_only)">Vote share by constituency (GB only)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Vote share by constituency (GB only)">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Percentage shares of the votes cast </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Party </th> <th style="text-align:center;">East Midlands </th> <th style="text-align:center;">East of England </th> <th style="text-align:center;">London </th> <th style="text-align:center;">North East England </th> <th style="text-align:center;">North West England </th> <th style="text-align:center;">South East England </th> <th style="text-align:center;">South West England </th> <th style="text-align:center;">West Midlands </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Yorkshire and the Humber </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Scotland </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Wales </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#12B6CF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>Brexit </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">31.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FAA61A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>Liberal Democrats </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E4003B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>Labour </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#02A95B; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>Green </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#0087DC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>Conservative </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FDF38E; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>SNP </td> <td colspan="9" style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#005B54; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>Plaid Cymru </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.6 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis">Analysis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Analysis">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_estimated_results_by_Westminster_constituency.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_estimated_results_by_Westminster_constituency.svg/220px-2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_estimated_results_by_Westminster_constituency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="408" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_estimated_results_by_Westminster_constituency.svg/330px-2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_estimated_results_by_Westminster_constituency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_estimated_results_by_Westminster_constituency.svg/440px-2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_estimated_results_by_Westminster_constituency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="1821" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_Westminster_constituency" title="Results of the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom by Westminster constituency">Estimated results of the 2019 European Parliament election for House of Commons constituencies in Great Britain</a>. Dr. Chris Hanretty, a Reader in Politics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">University of East Anglia</a>, estimated through a demographic model the most likely result by parliamentary constituency should it be repeated at a general election, concluding that the Brexit Party would have won a majority with 414 seats.<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a></figcaption></figure> The Brexit Party was the largest party, gaining five more seats than UKIP achieved in 2014. Nigel Farage, as leader of UKIP in 2014 and the Brexit Party in 2019, became the first person to lead two different parties that topped a national election. The Brexit party came first in Wales and in eight of the nine English constituencies. It finished third in London.<a href="#cite_note-bbceu-166">[164]</a> The Brexit Party polled highest in regions that voted Leave in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Brexit referendum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-curticeanalysis-212">[209]</a> The Liberal Democrats came second. This was its best performance in a national election since the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a> and its best ever in a European Parliament election.<a href="#cite_note-bbceu-166">[164]</a> This was the first time it or its predecessor parties had come second in a national election since before the Second World War. It was the largest party in the London constituency, the largest party in the second-highest number of English reporting areas, and the only party other than the SNP to top any Scottish reporting area.<a href="#cite_note-bbceu-166">[164]</a> The Labour Party was third overall. It did not come first in any constituency. This was its worst result in Wales for nearly a century; it did not come first in any reporting area in Wales or Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-bbceu-166">[164]</a> Labour's vote fell in both Remain and Leave areas.<a href="#cite_note-curticeanalysis-212">[209]</a> The Greens came fourth, with their best performance since the 1989 European elections. The Green Party of England and Wales was the largest party in three reporting areas.<a href="#cite_note-bbceu-166">[164]</a> The Conservative Party came fifth, and was not the largest party in any reporting area, polling below 10% for the first time in the party's history.<a href="#cite_note-bbceu-166">[164]</a> It lost votes across the country, but did worst in Remain areas. The combined share for Labour and the Conservatives was 23%, well below their previous (post-Second World War) low of 43.5% in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-curticeanalysis-212">[209]</a> The SNP came sixth overall but first in the single <a href="/wiki/Scotland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Scotland (European Parliament constituency)">Scottish constituency</a>, the only one in which it stood candidates. It was the largest party in 30 of the 32 Scottish council areas.<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> Plaid Cymru came second in Wales behind the Brexit Party, marking the first time it had beaten Labour in any Wales-wide election.<a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> The closest result across the UK was in Wales, where the Liberal Democrats were 13,948 votes (1.7%) behind Labour for the last MEP. In Northern Ireland, the three MEPs elected were from the Democratic Unionist Party, which advocates the continuation of the union with Great Britain, Sinn Féin, which campaigns for a united Ireland, and the cross-community Alliance Party. The latter two were opposed to Brexit. It was the first time that unionists had won fewer than two of the three seats, and the first time that all three MEPs were women.<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a> The Alliance success was noted as an indicator for the rise of the "<a href="/wiki/Cross-community_vote" title="Cross-community vote">Others</a>", who identify neither as <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Unionism in Northern Ireland">Unionist</a> nor <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Nationalist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a> Various analyses sought to combine vote shares for different parties together to index a pro-Remain or pro-Leave vote. A Press Association report aggregated support for explicitly anti-Brexit parties, defined as the LibDems, Greens, SNP, Plaid Cymru and Change UK, totalling 40.4%, versus that for those supporting a no-deal Brexit, the Brexit Party and UKIP, on 34.9% (figures are for Great Britain only, excluding Northern Ireland where there was a majority for anti-Brexit parties). That analysis excludes Labour on 14% and the Conservatives on 9%.<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-toynbeeanalysis-218">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-sabbagh-219">[216]</a> Guardian journalist Dan Sabbagh noted how there were several possible comparisons one could make, e.g. the Brexit Party (5.2 million votes) against the Liberal Democrats and Greens combined (5.4 million votes); or the Brexit Party, UKIP and the DUP (5.9 million votes) against the Liberal Democrats, Greens, Change UK, SNP, Plaid Cymru, Sinn Féin and Alliance (6.8 million votes).<a href="#cite_note-sabbagh-219">[216]</a> In terms of seats, 34 were won by Leave-supporting parties and 39 by Remain-supporting parties (if Conservatives are counted for 'Leave'). Sabbagh, later followed by fellow Guardian journalist <a href="/wiki/Polly_Toynbee" title="Polly Toynbee">Polly Toynbee</a>, tackled how to account for Labour and Conservative votes by adding them in based on polling as to how their supporters split—assigning 80% of Conservative voters to Leave and 60% of Labour voters to remain—in this way predicting a 50%-Remain-to-47%-Leave split in a second referendum.<a href="#cite_note-sabbagh-219">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-toynbeeanalysis-218">[215]</a> However, BBC political journalist <a href="/wiki/Laura_Kuenssberg" title="Laura Kuenssberg">Laura Kuenssberg</a> critiqued the whole endeavour of adding up different vote shares.<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> In terms of a comparison between Leave- and Remain-supporting parties, <a href="/wiki/Psephologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Psephologist">psephologist</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Curtice" title="John Curtice">John Curtice</a> simply described the result as a draw.<a href="#cite_note-bbceu-166">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-curticeanalysis-212">[209]</a> A large post-vote poll commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ashcroft" title="Michael Ashcroft">Michael Ashcroft</a> estimated that 53% of those who voted Conservative in the 2017 general election voted for the Brexit Party, while 21% voted Conservative and 12% voted Liberal Democrat. 38% of those who voted Labour in 2017 supported the party at this election, while 22% voted Liberal Democrat, 17% Green and 13% Brexit Party. 69% of the LibDem voters of 2017 stayed with the party, while 13% voted Green and 7% Brexit Party. 24% of the UKIP voters of 2017 stayed with their party, but 68% switched to the Brexit Party. Among all voters, 50% said they had voted to remain in the referendum and 45% to leave; and 50% stated they now wanted to leave, and 46% stated they now wanted to remain.<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> YouGov released polling suggesting 41% of Labour Party members voted for other parties at the European election (including 19% Green and 15% Liberal Democrat). Likewise, 67% of Conservative Party members voted for other parties (59% Brexit Party).<a href="#cite_note-ifeveryone-222">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_Commission_report">Electoral Commission report</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Electoral Commission report">edit</a>]</div> The Electoral Commission released its report on the election on 8 October 2019. The report highlighted the difficulties for EU27 citizens and British citizens abroad to vote, despite concerns raised after the 2014 European election.<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaction_to_results">Reaction to results</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Reaction to results">edit</a>]</div> The results were expected to push the Conservative Party towards a more hardline position with respect to Brexit and to lean towards electing a Brexiter in <a href="/wiki/2019_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 Conservative Party leadership election">its leadership contest</a> shortly afterward.<a href="#cite_note-guardiantues-224">[221]</a> Reacting to the results, the Shadow Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/Emily_Thornberry" title="Emily Thornberry">Emily Thornberry</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a> and Deputy Leader <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Tom Watson</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> called for the Labour Party to change its policy to supporting a second referendum and remaining in the EU.<a href="#cite_note-bbceu-166">[164]</a> There was renewed debate within the Labour Party over its policy, with a shift towards clearer support for a second referendum, including <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a> stating that although a general election would be Labour's preference, any Brexit deal "had to be put to a public vote",<a href="#cite_note-guardiantues-224">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a> but there was continuing criticism over the party's clarity on and Corbyn's commitment to another referendum.<a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> A modified policy was announced in July.<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a> Meanwhile, Leave supporters in the party were critical of any support for a second referendum.<a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alastair_Campbell" title="Alastair Campbell">Alastair Campbell</a>, having revealed he voted for the Liberal Democrats, was expelled from the Labour Party, but this decision was criticised by some in the party.<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> In response, former Labour Home Secretary <a href="/wiki/Charles_Clarke" title="Charles Clarke">Charles Clarke</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a> and former Labour MP (until 2017) <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Mactaggart" title="Fiona Mactaggart">Fiona Mactaggart</a> announced that they had also voted Liberal Democrat, while former Labour Cabinet member <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ainsworth" title="Bob Ainsworth">Bob Ainsworth</a> announced he had voted Green.<a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a> A hashtag on Twitter in support, #expelmetoo, proved popular on social media.<a href="#cite_note-expelmetoo-234">[231]</a> Watson and <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harriet Harman</a> criticised the expulsion. Labour MP <a href="/wiki/Owen_Smith" title="Owen Smith">Owen Smith</a>, among others, noted the juxtaposition of Campbell's expulsion on the same day that the EHRC opened an enquiry into anti-Semitism in Labour and the slow response to complaints of anti-Semitism.<a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-expelmetoo-234">[231]</a> It then emerged that <a href="/wiki/Cherie_Blair" title="Cherie Blair">Cherie Blair</a>, wife of the former Labour Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>, had also voted Liberal Democrat.<a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a> YouGov polling suggested 41% of Labour Party members voted for other parties (including 19% Green and 15% Liberal Democrat) at the election.<a href="#cite_note-ifeveryone-222">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 United Kingdom general election">General election polling</a> shortly after the European elections showed continued support for the Brexit Party and the Liberal Democrats. A YouGov poll conducted on 28–29 May put the Liberal Democrats first and the Brexit Party second, with Labour and the Conservatives third. This was the first time a national poll had found that neither of the most popular two parties were Labour or the Conservatives since <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2010 United Kingdom general election">2010</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[236]</a> On 4 June 2019, in response to their poor performance in the elections, six of the eleven MPs in Change UK left the group to return to sitting as independents.<a href="#cite_note-240">[237]</a> The party's former spokesperson, Chuka Umunna, announced on 13 June that he would be seeking to join the Liberal Democrats.<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="MEPs_not_returning">MEPs not returning</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: MEPs not returning">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MEPs_not_standing_for_re-election">MEPs not standing for re-election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: MEPs not standing for re-election">edit</a>]</div> Twenty-eight MEPs sitting at the end of the European Parliament's term did not seek re-election.<a href="#cite_note-finallist-242">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brexit_Party_2">Brexit Party</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Brexit Party">edit</a>]</div> All originally elected as <a href="/wiki/UK_Independence_Party" title="UK Independence Party">UKIP</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Aker" title="Tim Aker">Tim Aker</a> – East of England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Arnott" title="Jonathan Arnott">Jonathan Arnott</a> – North East England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Coburn_(politician)" title="David Coburn (politician)">David Coburn</a> – Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Collins" title="Jane Collins">Jane Collins</a> – Yorkshire and the Humber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Etheridge" title="Bill Etheridge">Bill Etheridge</a> – West Midlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Finch" title="Ray Finch">Ray Finch</a> – South East England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_James" title="Diane James">Diane James</a> – South East England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nuttall" title="Paul Nuttall">Paul Nuttall</a> – North West England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Parker" title="Margot Parker">Margot Parker</a> – East Midlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Reid" title="Julia Reid">Julia Reid</a> – South West England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Seymour" title="Jill Seymour">Jill Seymour</a> – West Midlands</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conservative_2">Conservative</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Conservative">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Campbell_Bannerman" title="David Campbell Bannerman">David Campbell Bannerman</a> – East of England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Foster" title="Jacqueline Foster">Jacqueline Foster</a> – North West England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Swinburne" class="mw-redirect" title="Kay Swinburne">Kay Swinburne</a> – Wales</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greens">Greens</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Greens">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lambert" title="Jean Lambert">Jean Lambert</a> – London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Taylor_(British_politician)" title="Keith Taylor (British politician)">Keith Taylor</a> – South East England</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Labour_2">Labour</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Labour">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Anderson_(politician)" title="Lucy Anderson (politician)">Lucy Anderson</a> – London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Honeyball" title="Mary Honeyball">Mary Honeyball</a> – London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Vaughan" title="Derek Vaughan">Derek Vaughan</a> – Wales</li></ul> Two additional Labour MEPs had already resigned ahead of the election, with their seats remaining vacant for the rest of the Parliament: <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_McAvan" title="Linda McAvan">Linda McAvan</a> – Yorkshire and the Humber (resigned 18 April 2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Stihler" title="Catherine Stihler">Catherine Stihler</a> – Scotland (resigned 31 January 2019)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Independents_elected_as_UKIP">Independents elected as UKIP</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Independents elected as UKIP">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Atkinson" title="Janice Atkinson">Janice Atkinson</a> – South East England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bours" title="Louise Bours">Louise Bours</a> – North West England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Carver" title="James Carver">James Carver</a> – West Midlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Legge,_10th_Earl_of_Dartmouth" title="William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth">William Legge, Earl of Dartmouth</a> – South West England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Woolfe" title="Steven Woolfe">Steven Woolfe</a> – North West England</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Girling" title="Julie Girling">Julie Girling</a>, independent MEP for South West England; originally elected as <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_O%27Flynn" title="Patrick O'Flynn">Patrick O'Flynn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990%E2%80%93present)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990–present)">SDP</a> MEP for East of England; originally elected as UKIP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Hudghton" title="Ian Hudghton">Ian Hudghton</a>, SNP MEP for Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nicholson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Jim Nicholson (Northern Ireland politician)">Jim Nicholson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist</a> MEP for Northern Ireland</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incumbent_MEPs_defeated">Incumbent MEPs defeated</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Incumbent MEPs defeated">edit</a>]</div> 21 MEPs were <a href="/wiki/Unseated" class="mw-redirect" title="Unseated">unseated</a>. Change UK <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ashworth" title="Richard Ashworth">Richard Ashworth</a> – South East England (originally elected as Conservative)</li></ul> Conservative <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_Bashir" title="Amjad Bashir">Amjad Bashir</a> – Yorkshire and the Humber (originally elected as UK Independence Party)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dalton_(British_politician)" title="Daniel Dalton (British politician)">Daniel Dalton</a> – West Midlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirj_Deva" title="Nirj Deva">Nirj Deva</a> – South East England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Flack_(British_politician)" title="John Flack (British politician)">John Flack</a> – East of England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Fox" title="Ashley Fox">Ashley Fox</a> (Conservative Group leader in the European Parliament) – South West England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Kamall" title="Syed Kamall">Syed Kamall</a> (co-chair of the <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">ECR</a> group) – London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajjad_Karim" title="Sajjad Karim">Sajjad Karim</a> – North West England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Matthews" title="Rupert Matthews">Rupert Matthews</a> – East Midlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_McClarkin" title="Emma McClarkin">Emma McClarkin</a> – East Midlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Procter_(politician)" title="John Procter (politician)">John Procter</a> – Yorkshire and the Humber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tannock" title="Charles Tannock">Charles Tannock</a> – London</li></ul> Labour <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Brannen" title="Paul Brannen">Paul Brannen</a> – North East England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajid_Khan_(British_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wajid Khan (British politician)">Wajid Khan</a> – North West England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Martin_(Scottish_politician)" title="David Martin (Scottish politician)">David Martin</a> – Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Mayer" title="Alex Mayer">Alex Mayer</a> – East of England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Moody" title="Clare Moody">Clare Moody</a> – South West England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si%C3%B4n_Simon" title="Siôn Simon">Siôn Simon</a> – West Midlands</li></ul> UK Independence Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Agnew" title="Stuart Agnew">Stuart Agnew</a> – East of England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Batten" title="Gerard Batten">Gerard Batten</a> (UKIP leader) – London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Hookem" title="Mike Hookem">Mike Hookem</a> – Yorkshire and the Humber</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_United_Kingdom%27s_membership_of_the_European_Union_(2016%E2%80%932020)" title="Opinion polling on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union (2016–2020)">Opinion polling on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union (2016–2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2019 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">2019 European Parliament election in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 United Kingdom general election</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> In the case of a British citizen who moved abroad before the age of 18, if a parent or guardian had been on the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom#Electoral_Register" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">on Electoral Register</a> in the UK in the 15 years before the election. </li> </ol></div></div><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> The number of registered voters included EU nationals who were not eligible to vote in UK general elections </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8600/CBP-8600.pdf">"European Parliament Elections 2019: results and analysis"</a> (PDF). www.parliament.uk. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://talkradio.co.uk/features/eu-elections-full-list-mep-candidates-19042430794">the original</a> on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Talk+Radio&rft.atitle=EU+elections%3A+The+full+list+of+MEP+candidates&rft.date=2019-04-24&rft.aulast=Pyne&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftalkradio.co.uk%2Ffeatures%2Feu-elections-full-list-mep-candidates-19042430794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2019+European+Parliament+election+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections to the European Parliament</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election" title="1979 European Parliament election">1979</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1979 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1979 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a> (including <a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Greenland" title="1979 European Parliament election in Greenland">Greenland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1979 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1979 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1979 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1979 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1979 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1979 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1979 European Parliament election in West Germany">West Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election" title="1984 European Parliament election">1984</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1984 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1984 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a> (including <a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Greenland" title="1984 European Parliament election in Greenland">Greenland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1984 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1984 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1984 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1984 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1984 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1984 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1984 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1984 European Parliament election in West Germany">West Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election" title="1989 European Parliament election">1989</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1989 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1989 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1989 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1989 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1989 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1989 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1989 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1989 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="1989 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="1989 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1989 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_West_Germany" title="1989 European Parliament election in West Germany">West Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election" title="1994 European Parliament election">1994</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1994 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1994 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1994 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1994 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1994 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1994 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1994 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1994 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1994 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="1994 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="1994 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1994 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election" title="1999 European Parliament election">1999</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="1999 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="1999 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="1999 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="1999 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1999 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="1999 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1999 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="1999 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1999 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="1999 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="1999 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="1999 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="1999 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="1999 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election" title="2004 European Parliament election">2004</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2004 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2004 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2004 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2004 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2004 European Parliament election in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2004 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2004 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2004 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2004 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2004 European Parliament election in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2004 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2004 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2004 European Parliament election in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2004 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2004 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2004 European Parliament election in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2004 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2004 European Parliament election in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2004 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2004 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2004 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2004 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2004 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (including <a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2004 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election" title="2009 European Parliament election">2009</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2009 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2009 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2009 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2009 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2009 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2009 European Parliament election in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2009 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2009 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2009 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2009 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2009 European Parliament election in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2009 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2009 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2009 European Parliament election in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2009 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2009 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2009 European Parliament election in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2009 European Parliament election in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2009 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2009 European Parliament election in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2009 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2009 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2009 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2009 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (including <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2009 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election" title="2014 European Parliament election">2014</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2014 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2014 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2014 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2014 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2014 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2014 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2014 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2014 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2014 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2014 European Parliament election in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2014 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2014 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2014 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2014 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2014 European Parliament election in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2014 European Parliament election in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2014 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2014 European Parliament election in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2014 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2014 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (including <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2014 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election" title="2019 European Parliament election">2019</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2019 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2019 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2019 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2019 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2019 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2019 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2019 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2019 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2019 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2019 European Parliament election in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2019 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2019 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2019 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2019 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2019 European Parliament election in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2019 European Parliament election in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2019 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2019 European Parliament election in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2019 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2019 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a> (including <a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2019 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">2024</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="2024 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Belgium" title="2024 European Parliament election in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2024 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2024 European Parliament election in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Cyprus" title="2024 European Parliament election in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2024 European Parliament election in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Estonia" title="2024 European Parliament election in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="2024 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2024 European Parliament election in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Germany" title="2024 European Parliament election in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="2024 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Hungary" title="2024 European Parliament election in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Ireland" title="2024 European Parliament election in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="2024 European Parliament election in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Latvia" title="2024 European Parliament election in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Lithuania" title="2024 European Parliament election in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Luxembourg" title="2024 European Parliament election in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Malta" title="2024 European Parliament election in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Poland" title="2024 European Parliament election in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="2024 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2024 European Parliament election in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2024 European Parliament election in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovenia" title="2024 European Parliament election in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2024 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="2024 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Off-year</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1981_European_Parliament_election_in_Greece" title="1981 European Parliament election in Greece">Greece (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_European_Parliament_election_in_Portugal" title="1987 European Parliament election in Portugal">Portugal (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="1987 European Parliament election in Spain">Spain (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_European_Parliament_election_in_Sweden" title="1995 European Parliament election in Sweden">Sweden (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_European_Parliament_election_in_Austria" title="1996 European Parliament election in Austria">Austria (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_European_Parliament_election_in_Finland" title="1996 European Parliament election in Finland">Finland (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_European_Parliament_election_in_Bulgaria" title="2007 European Parliament election in Bulgaria">Bulgaria (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_European_Parliament_election_in_Romania" title="2007 European Parliament election in Romania">Romania (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_European_Parliament_election_in_Croatia" title="2013 European Parliament election in Croatia">Croatia (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Parliament_by-elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of European Parliament by-elections in the United Kingdom">UK by-elections (1979–1998)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elections_to_the_European_Parliament_in_the_United_Kingdom_(1979–2019)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_European_Parliament_elections" title="Template:British European Parliament elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_European_Parliament_elections" title="Template talk:British European Parliament elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_European_Parliament_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British European Parliament elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elections_to_the_European_Parliament_in_the_United_Kingdom_(1979–2019)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">Elections to the European Parliament</a> in the United Kingdom (1979–2019)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections in the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Assembly_Elections_Act_1978" title="European Assembly Elections Act 1978">European Assembly Elections Act 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Elections_Act_1993" title="European Parliamentary Elections Act 1993">European Parliamentary Elections Act 1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Elections_Act_1999" title="European Parliamentary Elections Act 1999">European Parliamentary Elections Act 1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Elections_Act_2002" title="European Parliamentary Elections Act 2002">European Parliamentary Elections Act 2002</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in the European Union">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1979 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1984 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1989 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1994 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1999</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Results of the 1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Results</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2004</a> (<a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2004 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2009</a> (<a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2009 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014</a> (<a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2014 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2019</a> (<a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Results of the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">Results</a>) (<a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Gibraltar" title="2019 European Parliament election in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_1973%E2%80%9379" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 1973–79">1973–79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_1979%E2%80%9384" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 1979–84">1979–84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_1984-89" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 1984-89">1984–89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_1989%E2%80%9394" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 1989–94">1989–94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_1994-99" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 1994-99">1994–99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_1999-2004" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 1999-2004">1999–2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_2004%E2%80%9309" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 2004–09">2004–09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_2009%E2%80%9314" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 2009–14">2009–14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_2014%E2%80%9319" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 2014–19">2014–19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom,_2019%E2%80%9320" class="mw-redirect" title="List of members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom, 2019–20">2019–20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_members_of_the_European_Parliament_for_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of female members of the European Parliament for the United Kingdom">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituencies_in_the_United_Kingdom_(1979-2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="European Parliament constituencies in the United Kingdom (1979-2020)">Constituencies (1999–2020)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_of_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="East of England (European Parliament constituency)">East of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="London (European Parliament constituency)">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North East England (European Parliament constituency)">North East England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northern Ireland (European Parliament constituency)">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North West England (European Parliament constituency)">North West England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Scotland (European Parliament constituency)">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">South East England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South West England (European Parliament constituency)">South West England</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="West Midlands (European Parliament constituency)">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Yorkshire and the Humber (European Parliament constituency)">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wales (European Parliament constituency)">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Voting systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt</a> (Great Britain, 1999–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Transferable_Vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Transferable Vote">Single Transferable Vote (STV)</a> (Northern Ireland, 1979–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First-past-the-post (FPTP)</a> (Great Britain, 1979–1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Repealing legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2018" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018">European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthews_v_United_Kingdom" title="Matthews v United Kingdom">Matthews v United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Parliament_by-elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of European Parliament by-elections in the United Kingdom">By-elections (1979–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1975 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">1975 EC membership referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 EU membership referendum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_lists_in_the_2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Party lists in the 2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019 party lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Elections_and_referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Kingdom_elections" title="Template:United Kingdom elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Kingdom_elections" title="Template talk:United Kingdom elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Kingdom_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Kingdom elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Elections_and_referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Referendums in the United Kingdom">referendums</a> in the United Kingdom</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_general_elections" title="List of United Kingdom general elections">General elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1802_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1802 United Kingdom general election">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1806_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1806 United Kingdom general election">1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1807_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1807 United Kingdom general election">1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1812 United Kingdom general election">1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1818_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1818 United Kingdom general election">1818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1820 United Kingdom general election">1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1826_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1826 United Kingdom general election">1826</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1830_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1830 United Kingdom general election">1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1831_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1831 United Kingdom general election">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1832 United Kingdom general election">1832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1835 United Kingdom general election">1835</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1837_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1837 United Kingdom general election">1837</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1841_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1841 United Kingdom general election">1841</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1847_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1847 United Kingdom general election">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1852 United Kingdom general election">1852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1857 United Kingdom general election">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1859_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1859 United Kingdom general election">1859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1865 United Kingdom general election">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1868 United Kingdom general election">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1874 United Kingdom general election">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1880 United Kingdom general election">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1885 United Kingdom general election">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1886 United Kingdom general election">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1892 United Kingdom general election">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1895 United Kingdom general election">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1900 United Kingdom general election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1924 United Kingdom general election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1997 United Kingdom general election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2001 United Kingdom general election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Next United Kingdom general election">Next</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">Local elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1889_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1889 United Kingdom local elections">1889</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1890_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1890 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1892 United Kingdom local elections">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1894 United Kingdom local elections">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1895_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1895 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1896 United Kingdom local elections">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1897_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1897 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1898_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1898 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1899_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1899 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1900_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1900 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1901_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1901 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1902_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1902 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1904_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1904 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1905_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1905 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1906_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1906 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1907_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1907 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1908_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1908 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1909 United Kingdom local elections">1909</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1910_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1910 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1911_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1911 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1912_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1912 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1913_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1913 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1914_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1914 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1915_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1915 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1919_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1919 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1920_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1921_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1921 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1922_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1922 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1923_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1923 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1924_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1924 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1925_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1925 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1926_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1926 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1927_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1927 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1928_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1928 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1929_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1929 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1930_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1930 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1931 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1933_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1934 United Kingdom local elections">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1935_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1935 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1945_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1945 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1946_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1946 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1947_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1947 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1949 United Kingdom local elections">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1950_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1950 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1952_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1952 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1953_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1953 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1954_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1954 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1955 United Kingdom local elections">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1956_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1956 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1957_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1957 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1958_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1958 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1959 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1960_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1960 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1961_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1961 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1962_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1962 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1963_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1963 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1964 United Kingdom local elections">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1965 United Kingdom local elections">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1966_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1966 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1967_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1967 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_United_Kingdom_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1968 United Kingdom local elections (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1969 United Kingdom local elections">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1970 United Kingdom local elections">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1971 United Kingdom local elections">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1972 United Kingdom local elections">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1973 United Kingdom local elections">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1974 United Kingdom local elections">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1975 United Kingdom local elections">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1976 United Kingdom local elections">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1977 United Kingdom local elections">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1978 United Kingdom local elections">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1979 United Kingdom local elections">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1980 United Kingdom local elections">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1981 United Kingdom local elections">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1982 United Kingdom local elections">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1983 United Kingdom local elections">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1984 United Kingdom local elections">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1985 United Kingdom local elections">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1986 United Kingdom local elections">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1987 United Kingdom local elections">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1988 United Kingdom local elections">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1989 United Kingdom local elections">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1990 United Kingdom local elections">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1991 United Kingdom local elections">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1992 United Kingdom local elections">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1993 United Kingdom local elections">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1994 United Kingdom local elections">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1995 United Kingdom local elections">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1996 United Kingdom local elections">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1997 United Kingdom local elections">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1998 United Kingdom local elections">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1999 United Kingdom local elections">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2000 United Kingdom local elections">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2001 United Kingdom local elections">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2002 United Kingdom local elections">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2003 United Kingdom local elections">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2004 United Kingdom local elections">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2005 United Kingdom local elections">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2006 United Kingdom local elections">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2007 United Kingdom local elections">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2008 United Kingdom local elections">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2009 United Kingdom local elections">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2010 United Kingdom local elections">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2011 United Kingdom local elections">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2012 United Kingdom local elections">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2013 United Kingdom local elections">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2014 United Kingdom local elections">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2015 United Kingdom local elections">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2016 United Kingdom local elections">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2017 United Kingdom local elections">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2018 United Kingdom local elections">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2019 United Kingdom local elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2021 United Kingdom local elections">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2022 United Kingdom local elections">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2023 United Kingdom local elections">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2024 United Kingdom local elections">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2025 United Kingdom local elections">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_European_Parliament" title="Elections to the European Parliament">European elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1979 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1984 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1989 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1994 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2019</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Referendums in the United Kingdom">Referendums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" title="2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="hlist"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd>Elections in <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_England" title="Elections in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Elections in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Scotland" title="Elections in Scotland">Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wales" title="Elections in Wales">Wales</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Elections in the Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2016_United_Kingdom_EU_membership_referendum_&amp;_Brexit" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brexit_topics" title="Template:Brexit topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brexit_topics" title="Template talk:Brexit topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brexit_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brexit topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2016_United_Kingdom_EU_membership_referendum_&amp;_Brexit" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 United Kingdom EU membership referendum</a> & <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_United_Kingdom_renegotiation_of_European_Union_membership" title="2015–2016 United Kingdom renegotiation of European Union membership">Renegotiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Referendum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Results of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">results</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations" title="Brexit negotiations">Brexit negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">Brexit withdrawal agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ireland protocol">NI protocol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_negotiation_between_the_UK_and_the_EU" title="Trade negotiation between the UK and the EU">Trade negotiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">Trade and Cooperation Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Framework" title="Windsor Framework">Windsor Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brexit" title="Timeline of Brexit">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendum question</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">"<a href="/wiki/European_Union_Referendum_Act_2015#Referendum_question" title="European Union Referendum Act 2015">Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?</a>"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendum legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Referendum_Act_2015" title="European Union Referendum Act 2015">European Union Referendum Act 2015</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Referendum)_Act_2016_(Gibraltar)" title="European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Referendum_(Date_of_Referendum_etc.)_Regulations_2016" title="European Union Referendum (Date of Referendum etc.) Regulations 2016">European Union Referendum (Date of Referendum etc.) Regulations 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_European_Union_Referendum_(Conduct)_Regulations_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="The European Union Referendum (Conduct) Regulations 2016">The European Union Referendum (Conduct) Regulations 2016</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union" title="Treaties of the European Union">Treaties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome" title="Treaty of Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_1972" title="Treaty of Accession 1972">1972 Accession Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amsterdam" title="Treaty of Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nice" title="Treaty of Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe" title="Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe">European Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon" title="Treaty of Lisbon">Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_opt-outs_from_EU_legislation" title="United Kingdom opt-outs from EU legislation">United Kingdom opt-outs from EU legislation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_relating_to_the_European_Communities_and_the_European_Union" title="Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom relating to the European Communities and the European Union">Legislation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities_Act_1972_(UK)" title="European Communities Act 1972 (UK)">European Communities Act 1972</a> <ul><li>Amendments: <a href="/wiki/European_Communities_(Amendment)_Act_1986" title="European Communities (Amendment) Act 1986">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities_(Amendment)_Act_1993" title="European Communities (Amendment) Act 1993">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities_(Amendment)_Act_1998" title="European Communities (Amendment) Act 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities_(Amendment)_Act_2002" title="European Communities (Amendment) Act 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Amendment)_Act_2008" title="European Union (Amendment) Act 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Act_2011" title="European Union Act 2011">2011</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area_Act_1993" title="European Economic Area Act 1993">European Economic Area Act 1993</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed bills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Bill_2004%E2%80%932005" title="European Union Bill 2004–2005">European Union Bill 2004–05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Communities_Act_1972_(Repeal)_Bills" title="European Communities Act 1972 (Repeal) Bills">European Communities Act 1972 (Repeal) Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Referendum)_Bill_2013%E2%80%9314" title="European Union (Referendum) Bill 2013–14">European Union (Referendum) Bill 2013–14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014 European Parliament election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By-elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Clacton_by-election" title="2014 Clacton by-election">2014 Clacton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Heywood_and_Middleton_by-election" title="2014 Heywood and Middleton by-election">2014 Heywood and Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Rochester_and_Strood_by-election" title="2014 Rochester and Strood by-election">2014 Rochester and Strood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_European_Communities" title="Accession of the United Kingdom to the European Communities">UK accession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1973 enlargement of the European Communities">1973 EC enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Union" title="United Kingdom membership of the European Union">UK membership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum">1975 EC membership referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_rebate" title="UK rebate">UK rebate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruges_speech" title="Bruges speech">Bruges speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._No._No._(Margaret_Thatcher)" title="No. No. No. (Margaret Thatcher)">No. No. No.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Wednesday" title="Black Wednesday">Black Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">EEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Rebels" title="Maastricht Rebels">Maastricht Rebels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_opt-outs_from_EU_legislation" title="United Kingdom opt-outs from EU legislation">UK Opt-outs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_European_Union:_In_or_Out" title="The European Union: In or Out">The European Union: In or Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_speech" title="Bloomberg speech">Bloomberg speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_Brexit_referendum" title="Russian interference in the 2016 Brexit referendum">Russian interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_Competences_Review" title="Balance of Competences Review">Balance of Competences Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_United_Kingdom_renegotiation_of_European_Union_membership" title="2015–2016 United Kingdom renegotiation of European Union membership">2015–16 renegotiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom">Euroscepticism in the UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Campaigning_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Campaigning in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Campaign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Issues_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Issues in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Opinion polling for the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Opinion polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Endorsements in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Fear" title="Project Fear">Project Fear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_unlawful_campaigning_in_the_2016_EU_referendum" title="Allegations of unlawful campaigning in the 2016 EU referendum">Unlawful campaigning allegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit:_The_Movie" title="Brexit: The Movie">Brexit: The Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-EU_leaflet" title="Pro-EU leaflet">Pro-EU leaflet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaign organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_campaign_organisations_supporting_Remain_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="List of campaign organisations supporting Remain in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Remain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britain_Stronger_in_Europe" title="Britain Stronger in Europe">Britain Stronger in Europe</a> (official campaign)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_In_for_Britain" title="Labour In for Britain">Labour In for Britain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leave</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vote_Leave" title="Vote Leave">Vote Leave</a> (official campaign)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leave.EU" title="Leave.EU">Leave.EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeLeave" title="BeLeave">BeLeave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_Out" title="Grassroots Out">Grassroots Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Leave" title="Labour Leave">Labour Leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_an_Independent_Britain" title="Campaign for an Independent Britain">Campaign for an Independent Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Freedom_Association" title="The Freedom Association">The Freedom Association</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Better_Off_Out" title="Better Off Out">Better Off Out</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Britain_Out" title="Get Britain Out">Get Britain Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruges_Group_(United_Kingdom)" title="Bruges Group (United Kingdom)">Bruges Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Aftermath of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Aftermath of referendum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political party leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Conservative <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2016 Conservative Party leadership election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Conservative_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 Conservative Party leadership election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2020_Scottish_Conservatives_leadership_election" title="February 2020 Scottish Conservatives leadership election">Scottish, Feb 2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July%E2%80%93September_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="July–September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">UKIP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_Brexit" title="Opposition to Brexit">Opposition to Brexit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_referendum_on_the_Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Proposed referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement">Proposed second referendum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Vote" title="People's Vote">People's Vote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revoke_Article_50_and_remain_in_the_EU_petition" title="Revoke Article 50 and remain in the EU petition">Petition to revoke Article 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_By_Donkeys" title="Led By Donkeys">Led By Donkeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollocks_to_Brexit" title="Bollocks to Brexit">Bollocks to Brexit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2017 United Kingdom local elections">2017 local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2018 United Kingdom local elections">2018 local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2019 United Kingdom local elections">2019 local</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2019 European Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By-elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Witney_by-election" title="2016 Witney by-election">2016 Witney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Richmond_Park_by-election" title="2016 Richmond Park by-election">2016 Richmond Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sleaford_and_North_Hykeham_by-election" title="2016 Sleaford and North Hykeham by-election">2016 Sleaford and North Hykeham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Copeland_by-election" title="2017 Copeland by-election">2017 Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Stoke-on-Trent_Central_by-election" title="2017 Stoke-on-Trent Central by-election">2017 Stoke-on-Trent Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Peterborough_by-election" title="2019 Peterborough by-election">2019 Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Brecon_and_Radnorshire_by-election" title="2019 Brecon and Radnorshire by-election">2019 Brecon and Radnorshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="International reactions to the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_to_Leave" class="mw-redirect" title="March to Leave">March to Leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Alliance" title="Brexit Alliance">Brexit Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Collar_Conservativism" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Collar Conservativism">Blue Collar Conservativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Brexit Party">Brexit Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Alliance_for_Reform" title="Independent Alliance for Reform">Independent Alliance for Reform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brexit process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R_(Miller)_v_Secretary_of_State_for_Exiting_the_European_Union" title="R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union">Miller I case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_invocation_of_Article_50_of_the_Treaty_on_European_Union" title="United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union">Invocation of Article 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations" title="Brexit negotiations">Negotiations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_divorce_bill" title="Brexit divorce bill">Brexit divorce bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations_in_2017" title="Brexit negotiations in 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations_in_2018" title="Brexit negotiations in 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_negotiations_in_2019" title="Brexit negotiations in 2019">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">Withdrawal agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_votes_on_Brexit" title="Parliamentary votes on Brexit">Parliamentary votes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-deal_Brexit" title="No-deal Brexit">No-deal Brexit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Yellowhammer" title="Operation Yellowhammer">Operation Yellowhammer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_British_prorogation_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 British prorogation controversy">Prorogation of Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R_(Miller)_v_The_Prime_Minister_and_Cherry_v_Advocate_General_for_Scotland" title="R (Miller) v The Prime Minister and Cherry v Advocate General for Scotland">Miller II / Cherry case</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_negotiation_between_the_UK_and_the_EU" title="Trade negotiation between the UK and the EU">Trade negotiation between the UK and the EU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_for_finance" title="Fish for finance">Fish for finance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU%E2%80%93UK_Trade_and_Cooperation_Agreement" title="EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement">EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Brexit" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of Brexit">Impact of Brexit and potential effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">on Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Northern_Ireland_Executive_formation" title="2024 Northern Ireland Executive formation">2024 Northern Ireland Executive formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_and_the_Irish_border" title="Brexit and the Irish border">Brexit and the Irish border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Protocol" title="Northern Ireland Protocol">Northern Ireland Protocol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Protocol_Bill" title="Northern Ireland Protocol Bill">proposed changes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea_border" title="Irish Sea border">Irish Sea border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Framework" title="Windsor Framework">Windsor Framework</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_Brexit_on_Gibraltar" title="Effect of Brexit on Gibraltar">on Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Brexit_on_the_European_Union" title="Impact of Brexit on the European Union">on the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_and_arrangements_for_science_and_technology" title="Brexit and arrangements for science and technology">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_effects_of_Brexit" title="Economic effects of Brexit">Economic effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Brexit_United_Kingdom_relations_with_the_European_Union" title="Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union">Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brexit legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">White papers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_plan" title="Brexit plan">Brexit plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeal_Bill_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Repeal Bill plan">Repeal Bill plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chequers_plan" title="Chequers plan">Chequers plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement_plan" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement plan">Brexit withdrawal agreement plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enacted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Notification_of_Withdrawal)_Act_2017" title="European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017">Notification of Withdrawal Act 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2018" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018">Withdrawal Act 2018</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2019_(Gibraltar)" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019 (Gibraltar)">Gibraltar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Safeguards_Act_2018" title="Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018">Nuclear Safeguards Act 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_Act_2019" title="European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019">Cooper–Letwin Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal)_(No._2)_Act_2019" title="European Union (Withdrawal) (No. 2) Act 2019">Benn Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal_Agreement)_Act_2020" title="European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020">Withdrawal Agreement Act 2020</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Withdrawal_Agreement)_Act_2020_(Gibraltar)" title="European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 (Gibraltar)">Gibraltar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Internal_Market_Act_2020" title="United Kingdom Internal Market Act 2020"> Internal Market Act 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_(Future_Relationship)_Act_2020" title="European Union (Future Relationship) Act 2020">Future Relationship Act 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union_(Continuity)_(Scotland)_Act_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2020">UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terms_of_Withdrawal_from_EU_(Referendum)_Bills" title="Terms of Withdrawal from EU (Referendum) Bills">Terms of Withdrawal from EU (Referendum) Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union_(Legal_Continuity)_(Scotland)_Bill_2018" title="UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Legal Continuity) (Scotland) Bill 2018">UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Legal Continuity) (Scotland) Bill 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Withdrawal_Agreement_(Public_Vote)_Bill_2017%E2%80%9319" title="European Union Withdrawal Agreement (Public Vote) Bill 2017–19">European Union Withdrawal Agreement (Public Vote) Bill 2017–19</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_50p_coin" title="Brexit 50p coin">Brexit 50p coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_Britain" title="Change Britain">Change Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_UK" title="Change UK">Change UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_with_Ed_Miliband" title="Chaos with Ed Miliband">Chaos with Ed Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Research_Group" title="European Research Group">European Research Group</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Enemies_of_the_People_(headline)" title="Enemies of the People (headline)">Enemies of the People</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leave_Means_Leave" title="Leave Means Leave">Leave Means Leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_By_Donkeys" title="Led By Donkeys">Led By Donkeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_United" title="More United">More United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Future_Forum" title="Northern Future Forum">Northern Future Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_European" title="The New European">The New European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Britain" title="Open Britain">Open Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_second_Scottish_independence_referendum" title="Proposed second Scottish independence referendum">Proposed second Scottish independence referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK">Reform UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_du_Brexit" title="Rue du Brexit">Rue du Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Brexit_terms" title="Glossary of Brexit terms">Terminology (Glossary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufton_Street" title="Tufton Street">Tufton Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_pencil_conspiracy_theory" title="Voting pencil conspiracy theory">Voting pencil conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retained_EU_law_(UK_Law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Retained EU law (UK Law)">Retained EU law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brexit_in_popular_culture" title="Brexit in popular culture">Media depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remainiacs" class="mw-redirect" title="Remainiacs">Remainiacs</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcards_from_the_48%25" title="Postcards from the 48%">Postcards from the 48%</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_Tonight_(video_game)" title="Not Tonight (video game)">Not Tonight</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit:_The_Uncivil_War" title="Brexit: The Uncivil War">Brexit: The Uncivil War</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BorderIrish" title="BorderIrish">@BorderIrish</a> (2018–2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Brexit" title="Category:Brexit">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nigel_Farage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nigel_Farage" title="Template:Nigel Farage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Nigel_Farage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Nigel Farage (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nigel_Farage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nigel Farage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nigel_Farage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Nigel Farage</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>MP for <a href="/wiki/Clacton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Clacton (UK Parliament constituency)">Clacton</a> (2024–)</li> <li>Leader of <a href="/wiki/Reform_UK" title="Reform UK">Reform UK</a> (2024–present)</li> <li>Leader of <a href="/wiki/UKIP" class="mw-redirect" title="UKIP">UKIP</a> (2010–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_England_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South East England (European Parliament constituency)">MEP for South East England</a> (1999–2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Leadership elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2006 UK Independence Party leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="2010 UK Independence Party leadership election">2010</a></li></ul></li> <li>European elections</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_European_Union:_In_or_Out" title="The European Union: In or Out">Clegg–Farage debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">EFFD</a></li></ul></li> <li>2014 by-elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Clacton_by-election" title="2014 Clacton by-election">Clacton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Rochester_and_Strood_by-election" title="2014 Rochester and Strood by-election">Rochester & Strood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_in_United_Kingdom_constituencies_(2010%E2%80%932015)#South_Thanet" title="Opinion polling in United Kingdom constituencies (2010–2015)">South Thanet polling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July%E2%80%93September_2016_UK_Independence_Party_leadership_election" title="July–September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election">UKIP leadership resignation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2019 European election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clacton_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Clacton in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">Clacton in the 2024 general election</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nigel_Farage_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Nigel_Farage_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="3346" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/File:European_Parliament_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/European_Parliament_logo.svg/50px-European_Parliament_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/European_Parliament_logo.svg/75px-European_Parliament_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/European_Parliament_logo.svg/100px-European_Parliament_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="166" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Crowned_Portcullis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/50px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/75px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/100px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="550" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brexit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016 EU referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_Out" title="Grassroots Out">Grassroots Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaking_Point_(UKIP_poster)" title="Breaking Point (UKIP poster)">Breaking Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Results of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Results</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_vote_in_favour_of_Brexit" title="Causes of the vote in favour of Brexit">causes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Nigel_Farage" title="Political positions of Nigel Farage">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Nigel_Farage" title="Electoral history of Nigel Farage">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKIP:_The_First_100_Days" title="UKIP: The First 100 Days">UKIP: The First 100 Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meet_the_Ukippers" title="Meet the Ukippers">Meet the Ukippers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election#Electoral_pacts_and_unilateral_decisions" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">Conservative pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage_Coutts_bank_scandal" title="Nigel Farage Coutts bank scandal">Coutts bank scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKIP_Calypso" title="UKIP Calypso">UKIP Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Purple_Revolution:_The_Year_That_Changed_Everything" title="The Purple Revolution: The Year That Changed Everything">The Purple Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">The Nigel Farage Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_News" title="GB News">Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit:_The_Uncivil_War" title="Brexit: The Uncivil War">Brexit: The Uncivil War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nigel_Farage" title="Category:Nigel Farage">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1251020796">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1251020796</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:2019 elections in the United 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