American Psychological Association (APA)

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" prefix="og:http://ogp.me/ns# fb:http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/"> <head><script src="/ter-treafter-not-it-the-Flourthe-Cere-and-that-S" async></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ "contentMonth": "04", "contentDay": "14", "contentYear": "2008", "updatedDate": "7/30/2024 9:00:00 AM" }); </script>  <script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){ w[l]=w[l]||[]; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'}); var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:''; j.async=true; j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); }) (window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WH9FTL'); </script>   <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] }; </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.apa.org" tabindex="-1"> <meta name="keywords" content="APA style, psychology in daily life, apa news, psychological science, psychological practice, research highlights, apa membership, apa publications, apa products, PsycCareers, psychological advocacy," /> <meta name="description" content="The American Psychological Association (APA) is a scientific and professional organization that represents psychologists in the United States. APA educates the public about psychology, behavioral science and mental health; promotes psychological science and practice; fosters the education and training of psychological scientists, practitioners and educators; advocates for psychological knowledge and practice to inform public policy; and champions the application of psychology to promote human rights, health, well-being and dignity." /> <meta property="og:description" content="The American Psychological Association (APA) is a scientific and professional organization that represents psychologists in the United States. APA educates the public about psychology, behavioral science and mental health; promotes psychological science and practice; fosters the education and training of psychological scientists, practitioners and educators; advocates for psychological knowledge and practice to inform public policy; and champions the application of psychology to promote human rights, health, well-being and dignity." /> <meta itemprop="description" content="The American Psychological Association (APA) is a scientific and professional organization that represents psychologists in the United States. APA educates the public about psychology, behavioral science and mental health; promotes psychological science and practice; fosters the education and training of psychological scientists, practitioners and educators; advocates for psychological knowledge and practice to inform public policy; and champions the application of psychology to promote human rights, health, well-being and dignity." /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The American Psychological Association (APA) is a scientific and professional organization that represents psychologists in the United States. APA educates the public about psychology, behavioral science and mental health; promotes psychological science and practice; fosters the education and training of psychological scientists, practitioners and educators; advocates for psychological knowledge and practice to inform public policy; and champions the application of psychology to promote human rights, health, well-being and dignity."> <meta property="og:title" content="American Psychological Association (APA)" /> <meta itemprop="name" content="American Psychological Association (APA)" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="American Psychological Association (APA)"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.apa.org/Content/Images/social-share.png" /> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://www.apa.org/Content/Images/social-share.png" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.apa.org/Content/Images/social-share.png"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="https://www.apa.org" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.apa.org" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="BLv724tJt9ZBwPSwBpZp-4tN3fz-dDzRAS13DnBAvx4" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@APA"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="255440604529709" /> <title>American Psychological Association (APA)</title> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/Content/Images/launcher-apa-144.png" tabindex="-1"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/Content/Images/launcher-apa-114.png" tabindex="-1"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/Content/Images/launcher-apa-57.png" tabindex="-1"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/Content/Images/favicon-apa.ico" type="image/x-icon" tabindex="-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css" tabindex="-1"> <link id="global3Css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/dist/apa.min.css?v=24.9" tabindex="-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/dist/home.min.css?v=24.9" tabindex="-1"> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script>window.jQuery || document.write('<script src="/js/vendor/jquery.js"><\/script>')</script> <script src="https://dl-client.apa.org/content.min.js" defer></script> </head> <body class="home">  <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WH9FTL" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;" aria-hidden="true" title="Google Analytics"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="skiptocontent"><a href="#maincontent" class="skip-main">skip to main content</a></div> <header role="banner" class="header"> <div class="top-hat d-flex" data-ai-region data-ai-area="tophat"> <div class="top-hat-aligner d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"> <div class="apa-sites d-md-none"> <nav class="sites-nav"> <ul class="apa-sites-list d-flex align-items-center"> <li> <a href="https://www.apa.org" class="apa.org">APA.org</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org" class="apa-style">APA Style</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.apaservices.org" class="apa-services">APA Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.apadivisions.org" class="divisions">Divisions</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="left-nav d-flex align-items-center"> <nav class="insider-nav"> <ul class="d-flex align-items-center"> <li class="d-md-none"> <a href="https://www.apa.org/about" class="about-apa">About APA</a> </li> <li class="d-md-none"> <a href="https://www.apa.org/events" class="events">Events</a> </li> <li class="d-md-none"> <a href="https://www.apa.org/members" class="membership">Membership</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.apa.org/members/your-membership/join" class="join-apa">Join APA</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="utility-nav"> <ul class="d-flex align-items-center"> <li class="d-md-none"> <a href="https://www.apa.org/support" target="_parent">Help</a> </li> <li id="HeaderMyApaLink" style="display:none;"><a href="https://my.apa.org/portal/home" rel='nofollow' target="_parent">MyAPA</a></li> <li id="HeaderLogoutLink" style="display:none;"> (<a href="https://www.apa.org/idem/Logout?redirect=http://www.apa.org" rel='nofollow' target="_parent">Log Out</a>) </li> <li id="HeaderLoginLink"> <a href="https://sso.apa.org/apasso/idm/apalogin?ERIGHTS_TARGET=http://www.apa.org" rel='nofollow' target="_parent">Log In</a> </li> <li id="HeaderCart"> <a href="https://my.apa.org/shop/shoppingCart" rel='nofollow' target="_parent"> <svg role="presentation" class="svg-inline--fa fa-cart-shopping" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="cart-shopping" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 576 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 24C0 10.7 10.7 0 24 0H69.5c22 0 41.5 12.8 50.6 32h411c26.3 0 45.5 25 38.6 50.4l-41 152.3c-8.5 31.4-37 53.3-69.5 53.3H170.7l5.4 28.5c2.2 11.3 12.1 19.5 23.6 19.5H488c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H199.7c-34.6 0-64.3-24.6-70.7-58.5L77.4 54.5c-.7-3.8-4-6.5-7.9-6.5H24C10.7 48 0 37.3 0 24zM128 464a48 48 0 1 1 96 0 48 48 0 1 1 -96 0zm336-48a48 48 0 1 1 0 96 48 48 0 1 1 0-96z"></path></svg> Cart <span id="CartQuantity"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <section class="banner"> <div class="container"> <div class="headLogo" id="headLogo"> <a href = '/'><img class='large' src='/Content/Images/logo.png' alt='American Psychological Association Logo'><img class='small' src='/Content/Images/logo_small.png' alt='American Psychological Association Logo'></a> </div> <div class="headButton"> <button type="button" title="Search" class="btn-toggle btn-toggle-search" onclick="javascript:toggleMenu('search');"> <i title="Search" class="fas fa-magnifying-glass"></i> </button> <button type="button" title="Menu" class="btn-toggle btn-toggle-menu"> <i title="Menu" class="fas fa-bars"></i> <i title="Close Menu" class="fas fa-xmark"></i> </button> </div> <section class="search"> <form role="search" id="search" onsubmit="search();return false;" target="_parent"> <fieldset class="inputsearch"> <div class="searchselect hide"> <select id="in" title="Select search scope"> <option data-typeahead="true" value="https://www.apa.org/search?">Entire Site</option> </select> </div> <div class="searchbox"> <input title="Type search term" class="box" id="query" name="query" type="text" value="" placeholder="SEARCH" autocomplete="off" /> <svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-magnifying-glass" onclick="search();return false;" aria-labelledby="svg-inline--fa-title-aiauCfJROpLC" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="magnifying-glass" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><title id="svg-inline--fa-title-aiauCfJROpLC">Search</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M416 208c0 45.9-14.9 88.3-40 122.7L502.6 457.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3s-32.8 12.5-45.3 0L330.7 376c-34.4 25.2-76.8 40-122.7 40C93.1 416 0 322.9 0 208S93.1 0 208 0S416 93.1 416 208zM208 352a144 144 0 1 0 0-288 144 144 0 1 0 0 288z"></path></svg> </div> </fieldset> </form> </section> </div> </section> </header> <div class="megamenu"> <nav class="megamenu-nav"> <ul role="menubar" class="megamenu-list"> <li role="menuitem" class="megamenu-mobile-back"> <a href="#"> <i class="fas fa-chevron-left"></i> <span>Menu</span> </a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class="megamenu-dropdown"> <a href="#" class="megamenu-tigger" data-toggle="320764" aria-label="toggle the Topics sub-menu">Topics</a> <div id="320764" class="megamenu-dropdown-menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="megamenu-header"> <h2>Topics in Psychology</h2> <p>Explore how scientific research by psychologists can inform our professional lives, family and community relationships, emotional wellness, and more.</p> </div> <div class="megamenu-grid fifty-fifty last-hidden"> <div class="megamenu-col"> <div class="megamenu-blocks" style="--megamenu-blocks-cols: repeat(1, 1fr)"> <div class="megamenu-block"> <h3>Popular topics</h3> <ul class="megamenu-block-links" style="--megamenu-block-links-cols: 3"> <li> <a href="/topics/adhd" target="_self">ADHD</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/anger" target="_self">Anger</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/anxiety" target="_self">Anxiety</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/artificial-intelligence-machine-learning" target="_self">Artificial intelligence</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/children" target="_self">Children</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/climate-change" target="_self">Climate change</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/mental-health" target="_self">Mental health</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/journalism-facts/misinformation-disinformation" target="_self">Misinformation and disinformation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/personality" target="_self">Personality</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/politics" target="_self">Politics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/population-health" target="_self">Population health</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/ptsd" target="_self">PTSD</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/racism-bias-discrimination" target="_self">Racism, bias, and discrimination</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/lgbtq" target="_self">Sexual orientation and gender diversity</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/social-media-internet" target="_self">Social media</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/stress" target="_self">Stress</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/teens" target="_self">Teens</a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/trauma" target="_self">Trauma</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-col widget"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget link square"> <h3>Highlights</h3> <div class="widgetWrapper standardWidget onePerRow default "> <div class="module first"> <a class="module-link" href="/pubs/reports/stress-in-america/2024" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/stress-in-america-2024-index_tcm7-332660_w160_n.jpg" alt="collage depicting people voting, at political rallies, and dealing with the aftermath of natural disasters"> </figure> <div class="body"> <div class="eyebrow">Stress in America 2024</div> <p class="title"> A nation in political turmoil </p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"><p>Future of our nation, the economy, and the presidential election are among the top stressors</p></div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module last"> <a class="module-link" href="/pubs/reports/health-misinformation" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/index-press-psychological-science-misinformation_tcm7-322616_w160_n.jpg" alt="Older adult viewing webpage"> </figure> <div class="body"> <div class="eyebrow">Misinformation and Disinformation</div> <p class="title"> Using psychology to fight misinformation </p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy">Report lists eight recommendations for scientists, policymakers, and others to meet the ongoing risk to health, well-being, and civic life</div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-formatted-link"> <div class="rich-formatted-content"> <div class="rich-content"> <a title="Topics landing page config" href="/topics">All Topics<i class="fas fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" class="megamenu-dropdown"> <a href="#" class="megamenu-tigger" data-toggle="320771" aria-label="toggle the Publications & Databases sub-menu">Publications & Databases</a> <div id="320771" class="megamenu-dropdown-menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="megamenu-header"> <h2>Publications and Databases</h2> <p>APA Publishing products and resources that support research, education, practice and general wellbeing.</p> </div> <div class="megamenu-grid thirds"> <div class="megamenu-col"> <div class="megamenu-blocks" style="--megamenu-blocks-cols: repeat(1, 1fr)"> <div class="megamenu-block"> <h3>Publication & Databases</h3> <ul class="megamenu-block-links" style="--megamenu-block-links-cols: 2"> <li> <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/" target="_self">APA Style</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pubs/books" target="_self">Books</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pubs/magination" target="_self">Children’s Books</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pubs/databases" target="_self">Databases</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pubs/digital-learning" target="_self">Digital Learning</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pubs/journals" target="_self">Journals</a> </li> <li> <a href="/monitor" target="_self">Magazine</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pubs/videos" target="_self">Videos</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-col borderd"> <div class="megamenu-block"> <h3>APA Publishing Resources</h3> <ul class="megamenu-block-links" style="--megamenu-block-links-cols: 1"> <li> <a href="/pubs/librarians" target="_self">Librarians</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pubs/authors" target="_self">Authors, Editors, and Reviewers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/pubs/educators-students" target="_self">Educators and Students</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://apps.apa.org/course-adoption" target = '_blank' rel='nofollow noopener noreferrer'>Exam Copies<i role="presentation" class="fas fa-up-right-from-square" aria-hidden="true" title="opens in new window"></i></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-col widget"> <section class="listBoxModule searchWidget"> <h3>Search APA Databases</h3> <form role="search" id="srchWidget2001" target="_parent" onsubmit="widgetSearch('APA_searchtext2001', 'http://psycnet.apa.org/search/results?type=direct&db=pi,pb,pa,pe,pt,pbc&fields=AnyField&term={SearchValue}'); return false;"> <div class="wysiwyg searchWidgetHead"> Over 5.4 million journal articles, abstracts, books on APA PsycNet </div> <div> <div class="hideFrmL"> <section class="searchWidgetbox"> <input type="text" id="APA_searchtext2001" name="APA_searchtext2001" aria-label="Search" /> <button type="submit"> <i title="Search" class="fas fa-magnifying-glass"></i> </button> </section> </div> <div class="showFrmL"> <a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/search/advanced" class="btnOutlineSml"> Search APA Psycnet <i role="presentation" class="fas fa-up-right-from-square" aria-hidden="true" title="opens in new window"></i> </a> </div> <div class="wysiwyg searchWidgetFooter"> <div class="footnote"> <div class="footnote">Access fees may apply</div> </div> </div> </div> </form> </section> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-formatted-link"> <div class="rich-formatted-content"> <div class="rich-content"> <a title="index-config-pubs" href="/pubs">All publications and databases<i class="fas fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" class="megamenu-dropdown"> <a href="#" class="megamenu-tigger" data-toggle="320770" aria-label="toggle the Research & Practice sub-menu">Research & Practice</a> <div id="320770" class="megamenu-dropdown-menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="megamenu-header"> <h2>Research and Practice</h2> <p>Tools for psychologists to do their jobs every day. </p> </div> <div class="megamenu-grid thirds"> <div class="megamenu-col"> <div class="megamenu-blocks" style="--megamenu-blocks-cols: repeat(1, 1fr)"> <div class="megamenu-block"> <h3>Your growth</h3> <ul class="megamenu-block-links" style="--megamenu-block-links-cols: 2"> <li> <a href="/research-practice/conduct-research" target="_self">Conducting research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-practice/funding" target="_self">Grants and funding</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-practice/leadership" target="_self">Leadership</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-practice/mentorship" target="_self">Mentorship</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-practice/open-science" target="_self">Open science</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-practice/peer-review" target="_self">Peer review</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-practice/practice-management" target="_self">Practice management</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-practice/publish-present" target="_self">Publishing and presenting research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-practice/self-care" target="_self">Self-care</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-practice/teaching-psychology" target="_self">Teaching psychology</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-practice/telepsychology" target="_self">Telepsychology</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-col borderd"> <div class="megamenu-block"> <h3>Standards and guidelines</h3> <ul class="megamenu-block-links" style="--megamenu-block-links-cols: 1"> <li> <a href="/ethics/code" target="_self">Ethics code</a> </li> <li> <a href="/research-practice/standards-guidelines" target="_self">Standards and guidelines</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/policy" target="_self">APA policies</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-col widget"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile square"> <h3>For members</h3> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget onePerRow default "> <div class="module first last"> <a class="module-link" href="https://community.apa.org/" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/apa-community-tile_tcm7-325221_w640_n.jpg" alt="woman relaxing in her office and looking at her smartphone"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> APA Community </p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"><p>Network with peers, enhance your professional development, expand your personal growth, and more</p></div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-formatted-link"> <div class="rich-formatted-content"> <div class="rich-content"> <a title="research-practice-dxa-config" href="/research-practice">All research and practice<i class="fas fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" class="megamenu-dropdown"> <a href="#" class="megamenu-tigger" data-toggle="320768" aria-label="toggle the Education & Career sub-menu">Education & Career</a> <div id="320768" class="megamenu-dropdown-menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="megamenu-header"> <h2>Education and Career</h2> <p>Resources for students, teachers and psychologists at all levels to explore career growth in psychology.</p> </div> <div class="megamenu-grid thirds last-hidden"> <div class="megamenu-col"> <div class="megamenu-blocks" style="--megamenu-blocks-cols: repeat(2, 1fr)"> <div class="megamenu-block"> <h3>Education</h3> <ul class="megamenu-block-links" style="--megamenu-block-links-cols: 1"> <li> <a href="/education-career/k12" target="_self">Pre-K to 12</a> </li> <li> <a href="/education-career/undergrad" target="_self">Undergraduate psychology</a> </li> <li> <a href="/education-career/grad/applying" target="_self">Apply to grad school</a> </li> <li> <a href="/education-career/grad/succeeding-graduate-school" target="_self">Succeed in grad school</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://accreditation.apa.org/" target = '_blank' rel='nofollow noopener noreferrer'>Accreditation<i role="presentation" class="fas fa-up-right-from-square" aria-hidden="true" title="opens in new window"></i></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="megamenu-block"> <h3>Careers</h3> <ul class="megamenu-block-links" style="--megamenu-block-links-cols: 1"> <li> <a href="/education-career/guide" target="_self">Become a psychologist</a> </li> <li> <a href="/education-career/job-search" target="_self">Job search</a> </li> <li> <a href="/education-career/development/networking" target="_self">Networking</a> </li> <li> <a href="/education-career/development" target="_self">Manage your career</a> </li> <li> <a href="/education-career/ce" target="_self">Continuing education</a> </li> <li> <a href="/education-career/training" target="_self">Training and webinars</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-col widget"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="externalScriptContent" > <style type="text/css"> div.search_title { font-family: "Whitney", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; color: #000; font-size: 1.125em; line-height: 1.2em; } div.search_widget { border-style: none !important; border-width: 0px !important;; font-family: "Whitney", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1em; color: #000000; text-align: left; padding: 20px 20px 6px 20px; border-radius: 0px; } div.narrow_fields { display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; align-items: center; } div.search_widget form{ margin:0; } div.search_widget div.clearAll { clear: both; } div.search_widget input{ width: 250px; border-radius: 5px; padding: 5px 5px; border-width: 1px; border-color: #919294; margin: 3px 20px 3px 0; } div.search_widget div.field_container div.field_left { float: left; width: 30%; margin-right: 6px; } div.search_widget [type=submit] { font-size: 0.75rem; padding: 0.4rem 0.6rem; background: #003a70; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.02rem; cursor: pointer; border: none; text-transform: uppercase; border-radius: 4px; margin: 0 0 5px; color: #fff; } div.search_widget [type=submit]:hover{ background: #000024; } div.search_widget [type=submit]:focus{ outline: 2px solid #003a70; outline-offset: 2px; background: #003a70; color: #fff; } div.search_widget span.smaller { font-size: 12px; display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; } div.search_widget span.legend { font-weight: 400; } </style> </style> <div class="search_title">Find a job on PsycCareers</div> <div class="search_widget hideFrmL"> <form action="https://www.psyccareers.com/" method="GET"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="search" /> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="advanced_search" /> <div class="narrow_fields"> <div class="narrow_field"> <div><span class="legend">Job</span></div> <input type="text" name="keywords" /> <span class="smaller">e.g., Clinical Psychologist</span> </div> <div class="clearAll"></div> <div class="narrow_field"> <div><span class="legend">Locations</span></div> <input type="text" name="city_state_zip" /> <span class="smaller">e.g., Washington DC or 20002</span> </div> <div class="clearAll"></div> <div class="narrow_field"> <button type="submit">Find</button> </div> </div> <div class="clearAll"></div> </form> </div> <div class="showFrmL"> <a href="https://www.psyccareers.com/jobs" class="btnOutlineSml"> Search Jobs <i role="presentation" class="fas fa-up-right-from-square" aria-hidden="true" target="_blank" title="opens in new window"></i> </a> </div> </section></section> </div> <div class="megamenu-col widget"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget link square"> <h3>Training highlights</h3> <div class="widgetWrapper standardWidget onePerRow default "> <div class="module first"> <a class="module-link" href="/education-career/training/science-training-indigenous-methodologies-assessment" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/science-training-sessions-index_tcm7-308286_w160_n.jpg" alt="Science Training Sessions"> </figure> <div class="body"> <div class="eyebrow">Science Training Sessions</div> <p class="title"> Indigenous Methodologies and Assessment </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module last"> <a class="module-link" href="/events/sustainability-practices" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/careers-virtual-square_tcm7-285319_w160_n.jpg" alt=""> </figure> <div class="body"> <div class="eyebrow">Virtual Webinar</div> <p class="title"> Strengthening Employee Value through Sustainability Practices </p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-formatted-link"> <div class="rich-formatted-content"> <div class="rich-content"> <a title="Education and Career - index config" href="/education-career">All education and career<i class="fas fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" class="megamenu-dropdown"> <a href="#" class="megamenu-tigger" data-toggle="320769" aria-label="toggle the News & Advocacy sub-menu">News & Advocacy</a> <div id="320769" class="megamenu-dropdown-menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="megamenu-header"> <h2>News and Advocacy</h2> <p>Browse the latest updates from APA, informed by psychological science.</p> </div> <div class="megamenu-grid thirds second-hidden"> <div class="megamenu-col"> <div class="megamenu-blocks" style="--megamenu-blocks-cols: repeat(1, 1fr)"> <div class="megamenu-block"> <h3>News</h3> <ul class="megamenu-block-links" style="--megamenu-block-links-cols: 1"> <li> <a href="/monitor" target="_self">Monitor on Psychology magazine</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news/podcasts/speaking-of-psychology" target="_self">Speaking of Psychology podcast</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news/press" target="_self">Press room</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news/psycport" target="_self">Psychology in the media</a> </li> <li> <a href="/news/newsletters" target="_self">Newsletters</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-col widget"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget link square"> <h3>Highlights</h3> <div class="widgetWrapper standardWidget onePerRow default "> <div class="module first"> <a class="module-link" href="/news/press/releases/2024/11/teens-viewing-online-videos" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/index-teens-viewing-online-videos_tcm7-333519_w160_n.jpg" alt="group of teens looking at smartphones"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> APA issues recommendations for teens viewing online videos </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module last"> <a class="module-link" href="/news/press/releases/2024/11/texting-abbreviations-insincere" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/index-press-texting-abbreviations-insincere_tcm7-333261_w160_n.jpg" alt="A man holding and looking at his smartphone"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> Texting abbreviations makes senders seem insincere, study finds </p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> <div class="megamenu-col widget"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile square"> <h3>Advocacy</h3> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget onePerRow default "> <div class="module first last"> <a class="module-link" href="https://www.apaservices.org/advocacy" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/tile-advocacy-national-institute-mental-health-group_tcm7-279430_w640_n.jpg" alt="Lady smiling"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> You can make a difference </p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"><p>Learn about key issues impacting psychologists today</p></div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> </div> <div class="megamenu-formatted-link"> <div class="rich-formatted-content"> <div class="rich-content"> <a title="news-index-config" href="/news">All News and advocacy<i class="fas fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" class="showFrmL"> <a href="/about">About APA</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class="showFrmL"> <a href="/events">Events</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" class="showFrmL"> <a href="/members">Membership</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="maincontent" role="main" tabindex="-1"> <div class="mainwrap one_col_a text-center dx-dynamic-page" id="mainwrap"> <div class="body-container full-width"> <main class="main"> <div typeof="Region" resource="Top Content"> <div class="mission-config hideFrmM" id="topcontent"> <div class="config-container"> <div class="config-flex d-flex gap-30 align-items-center"> <div class="mission"> <div class="featureRichSummary" >We promote psychological science and knowledge to benefit society and improve lives. </div> </div> <div class="key-tasks"> <section class="featureRichItem "> <section class="linkWidget link square"> <div class="widgetWrapper standardWidget twoPerRow default "> <div class="module first"> <a class="module-link" href="/members/your-membership/benefits" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/member-benefits-50_tcm7-329942_w160_n.png" alt="icon depicting an award medal"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> Member benefits </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/education-career/training" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/ce-training-50_tcm7-329940_w160_n.png" alt="icon depicting person looking at a computer screen"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> CE and training </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/research-practice/funding" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/funding-awards-50_tcm7-329941_w160_n.png" alt="icon depicting thought bubble and dollar sign"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> Funding and awards </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module last"> <a class="module-link" href="/research-practice/standards-guidelines" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/standards-guidelines-50_tcm7-329943_w160_n.png" alt="icon depicting directional signposts"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> Standards and guidelines </p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="content" id="ctcol"> <div typeof="Region" resource="Main"> <section class="oneCol_content " id="oneCol_content_32994501"> <section class="oneFull"> <div class="featureRichItem"> <div class="fifty50Widget"> <div class="multiMedia"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/tile-parenting-cultivating-gratitude_tcm7-322476_w640_n.jpg" alt="Black girl smiling at camera as her family prays over a meal"> </figure> </div> <div> <a class="fifty50RightAnchor" href="/topics/parenting/cultivating-gratitude-kids" target="_self" > <div class="eyebrow">Psychology Topics</div> <p class="title">How to help kids cultivate gratitude</p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"><p>Encouraging children to notice kind acts and watching adults model thankfulness in their own lives works better than just reminding them to say “thank you”</p></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </section> <div class="section-divider"> </div> <div class="full-width lightbg bg-light-supp-2"> <section class="oneCol_content " id="oneCol_content_32994502"> <section class="oneFull"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <div class="callAction announcement"> <div class="callActionLower align-items-center"> <div class="leftside"> <h2>Renew your membership</h2> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy pd-top-15"> <p>Keep your place in our global community and access exclusive benefits and resources in the year ahead. Don’t miss out—renew your membership today.</p> </div> </div> <div class="rightside"> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> <a href="https://renew.apa.org/findmystatement" class="btnOutlineMed" target="_blank">Renew now</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </div> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> <div class="section-divider" ></div> </div> <div class="dynamic-news-block"> <div class="oneCol_content pd-bottom-0"> <div class="oneFull"> <h2>New and noteworthy</h2> </div> </div> <div class="oneCol_content pd-bottom-0"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile"> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget threePerRow default"> <div class="module"> <a href="/monitor/2024/11/racism-discrimination-diversity-research.html" target="_self" class="module-link"> <div class="body"> <div class="eyebrow">Science news</div> <p class="title">Racism, discrimination, diversity, and more scientific research</p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> Highlights of peer-reviewed studies in psychology and related fields. </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module"> <a href="/pubs/highlights/spotlight/impact-racism-polysubstance-use.html" target="_self" class="module-link"> <div class="body"> <div class="eyebrow">Journal article spotlight</div> <p class="title">Impact of multiple levels of racism on polysubstance use</p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> In their Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy article, Ebrahimi et al. explore the influences of trauma and racism on polysubstance use among Black young adults. </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module"> <a href="/pubs/journals/special/cdp-cultural-stress-and-cultural-stress-theory-pdf" target="_self" class="module-link"> <div class="body"> <div class="eyebrow">Journal special issue</div> <p class="title">Cultural Stress and Cultural Stress Theory</p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, Vol. 30, No. 4, October 2024. This special issue outlines key directions for future research on cultural stress, highlighting the expansion of cultural stress theory in new ways. </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> <div class="twoCol_content pd-top-0"> <div class="oneHalf first"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile"> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget onePerRow default"> <div class="module"> <a href="/news/press/releases/2024/11/teens-viewing-online-videos" target="_self" class="module-link"> <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/tile-teens-viewing-online-videos_tcm7-333518.jpg" alt="group of teens looking at smartphones" /> </figure> <div class="eyebrow">Press release</div> <p class="title">APA issues recommendations for teens viewing online videos</p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> Summarizes the latest science on how video viewing affects adolescent well-being </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="rich-formatted-content"> <div class="rich-content"> <p><a title="press-room-index-page-config" href="/news/press">More news<i class="fas fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> <div class="oneHalf last"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile"> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget onePerRow default"> <div class="module"> <a href="/news/podcasts/speaking-of-psychology/loving-relationships.html" target="_self" class="module-link"> <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/sop-the-gottmans_tcm7-333498.jpg" alt="Speaking of Psychology: Lessons from the ‘Love Lab’ on how to strengthen your relationship, with John Gottman, PhD, and Julie Schwartz Gottman, PhD" /> </figure> <div class="eyebrow">Podcast</div> <p class="title">Lessons from the ‘Love Lab’ on how to strengthen your relationship</p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> John Gottman, PhD, and Julie Schwartz Gottman, PhD, talk about why it’s so important to pay attention to your partner’s 'bids for connection.' </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="rich-formatted-content"> <div class="rich-content"> <p><a title="podcasts-index-config" href="/news/podcasts">More podcasts<i class="fas fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> <div class="section-divider" ></div> </div> <section class="twoCol_content " id="twoCol_content_32995101"> <section class="overarch"> <h2 >Networks and communities</h2> </section> <section class="oneHalf first"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile square"> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget onePerRow default "> <div class="module first last"> <a class="module-link" href="https://community.apa.org/" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/apa-community-tile_tcm7-325221_w640_n.jpg" alt="woman relaxing in her office and looking at her smartphone"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> APA Community </p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"><p>Network with peers, enhance your professional development, expand your personal growth, and more</p></div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div > <div class="rich-formatted-content"> <div class="rich-content"> <a href="/education-career/development/networking">More networking resources<i class="fas fa-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> <section class="oneHalf last"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget link square"> <div class="widgetWrapper standardWidget onePerRow default "> <div class="module first"> <a class="module-link" href="/about/division" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/divisions-index_tcm7-328092_w160_n.jpg" alt="happy people in sunshine"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> APA Divisions </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/ed/precollege/topss" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/topss-teaching-award_tcm7-250099_w160_n.jpg" alt="APA TOPSS Excellence in Teaching Awards "> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> High school teachers </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/ed/precollege" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/index-topss-competition_tcm7-301562_w160_n.jpg" alt="Classroom student writing in her notebook"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> Undergraduate educators </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/apags" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/thumb-spta-professional-practice_tcm7-259820_w160_n.jpg" alt="Professional practice"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> Graduate students </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module last"> <a class="module-link" href="/education-career/development/early" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/careers-early-caree-square_tcm7-285868_w160_n.png" alt="careers-early-caree-square"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> Early career psychologists </p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </section> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> <div class="section-divider" ></div> </div> <section class="threeCol_content " id="threeCol_content_32995201"> <section class="overarch"> <h2 >Careers</h2> </section> <section class="oneThird first"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile square"> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget onePerRow default "> <div class="module first last"> <a class="module-link" href="/education-career/development" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/career-development-landing-page-tile_tcm7-316118_w640_n.jpg" alt="African American woman working on a laptop"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Managing your career </p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"><p>Resources to help you throughout your career in psychology, including finding a job, salary data, finances and money management, mentoring and supervision, and training and professional development</p></div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> <section class="oneThird middle"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget link square"> <div class="widgetWrapper standardWidget onePerRow default "> <div class="module first"> <a class="module-link" href="/education-career/guide" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/explore-career-psychology-index_tcm7-324416_w160_n.jpg" alt="illustration of winding road with map pin at the end"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> Explore career paths </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/education-career/psychologist-profiles" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/index-alvin-thomas_tcm7-318440_w160_n.jpg" alt="Alvin Thomas, PhD"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> Psychologist profiles </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/education-career/training/how-did-you-get-that-job-series" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/hdygtj-index_tcm7-324423_w160_n.jpg" alt="Woman smiling near laptop"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> How did you get that job? </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module last"> <a class="module-link" href="/events" target="_self" > <figure class="left"> <img src="/images/events-training-index_tcm7-324425_w160_n.jpg" alt="man looking at laptop"> </figure> <div class="body"> <p class="title"> Events and training </p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> <section class="oneThird last"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="externalScriptContent" > <div class="shortDescription"> <h3 class="h5-pseudo">Featured jobs</h3> </div> <script src='https://www.apa.org/js/getPsycCareerJobs.js' type='text/javascript'></script> <script>getPsycCareerJobs('dvPsycCareers', 'https://www.psyccareers.com/index.php/xml-feed?site=wj_xml&max_jobs=3&featured=1', 3);</script> </section></section> </section> </section> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> <div class="section-divider" ></div> </div> <section class="twoCol_content " id="twoCol_content_32995301"> <section class="overarch"> <h2 >APA publications and products</h2> </section> <section class="oneHalf first"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile square"> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget onePerRow default "> <div class="module first last"> <a class="module-link" href="https://apastyle.apa.org/products" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/landing-page-tile_tcm7-324427_w640_n.png" alt="illustration of people working on their laptops surrounded by APA Style books"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> APA Style </p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"><p>Explore free resources and official APA Style publications</p></div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> <section class="oneHalf last"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget link square"> <div class="widgetWrapper standardWidget twoPerRow default "> <div class="module first"> <a class="module-link" href="/pubs/books" target="_self" > <div class="bodyleft"> <p class="title"> Books </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/pubs/magination" target="_self" > <div class="bodyleft"> <p class="title"> Children’s books </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/pubs/journals" target="_self" > <div class="bodyleft"> <p class="title"> Journals </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/pubs/videos" target="_self" > <div class="bodyleft"> <p class="title"> Videos </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/pubs/databases" target="_self" > <div class="bodyleft"> <p class="title"> Databases </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/monitor" target="_self" > <div class="bodyleft"> <p class="title"> Monitor on Psychology </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/news/newsletters" target="_self" > <div class="bodyleft"> <p class="title"> Newsletters </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/pubs/reports" target="_self" > <div class="bodyleft"> <p class="title"> Reports and surveys </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/education-career/ce" target="_self" > <div class="bodyleft"> <p class="title"> Continuing education </p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module last"> <a class="module-link" href="https://apamerchstore.com/" target="_self" > <div class="bodyleft"> <p class="title"> Merchandise </p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section class="oneCol_content " id="oneCol_content_32995302"> <section class="oneFull"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget recommendedWidget tile"> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget"> <div class="module"> <a href="/pubs/magination/what-to-do-when-you-panic" class="module-link"> <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/3844843-150_tcm7-328148.jpg" alt="What to Do When You Panic" /> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> What to Do When You Panic </p> <div class="price">$16.99</div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module"> <a href="/pubs/magination/what-to-do-when-mistakes-make-you-quake-revised-edition" class="module-link"> <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/3845277-150_tcm7-328158.jpg" alt="What to Do When Mistakes Make You Quake, Revised Edition" /> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> What to Do When Mistakes Make You Quake </p> <div class="price">$16.99</div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module"> <a href="/pubs/magination/porcupine-had-fuzzy-sweater" class="module-link"> <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/3843570-150_tcm7-325933.jpg" alt="Porcupine Had a Fuzzy Sweater" /> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Porcupine Had a Fuzzy Sweater </p> <div class="price">$18.99</div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module"> <a href="/pubs/magination/stress-less-paperback" class="module-link"> <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/3845321-150_tcm7-331758.jpg" alt="Stress Less" /> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Stress Less </p> <div class="price">$16.99</div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module"> <a href="/pubs/journals/special/pap-snapshot-development-treatment-during-covid" class="module-link"> <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/5624006-150_tcm7-319033.gif" alt="Cover of A Snapshot of Development and Treatment During the Time of COVID" /> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> A Snapshot of Development and Treatment During the Time of COVID </p> <div class="price">$24.95</div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function () { //loadRecommendedProducts(); function loadRecommendedProducts() { var loader = jQuery(this).find('.ue-loader'); loader.show(); jQuery.ajax({ url: '/api/recommended-reading', type: 'POST', data: { data: parseHTML("{"Title":null,"Subtitle":null,"Description":null,"ContentType":["Book PS608","Children's Book PS609","Journal Special Issue PS617"],"IncludeTaxonomy":["Stress"],"IncludeApastyleContent":null,"IncludeEducationPathways":null,"AndIncludeTaxonomy":null,"AndIncludeApastyleContent":null,"AndIncludeEducationPathways":null,"UseAndOrOperation":null,"SortBy":"Newest First","Filter":"Newest Releases","Link":null,"Domain":null,"Items":null,"Cursor":null,"Id":"324430","IsEmbedded":false,"XpmPropertyMetadata":null,"MvcData":null,"HtmlClasses":null,"XpmMetadata":null,"ExtensionData":null}") }, success: function (res) { console.log(res); loader.hide(); jQuery('#readingList').html(res); }, error: function (err) { console.log(err); loader.hide(); } }); } }); </script> </section> </section> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> <div class="section-divider" ></div> </div> <section class="oneCol_content " id="oneCol_content_32994901"> <section class="overarch"> <h2 >Psychology topics spotlight</h2> </section> <section class="oneFull"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile square"> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget threePerRow default "> <div class="module first"> <a class="module-link" href="/topics/journalism-facts" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/misinformation-disinformation-tile_tcm7-306919_w320_n.jpg" alt="traffic sign with words Fact Check"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Tools to combat misinformation </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="/topics/trauma" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/tile-israel-hamas-trauma-topics-spotlight_tcm7-321386_w320_n.jpg" alt="Woman cries while holding husband and child."> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Resources to navigate trauma </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module last"> <a class="module-link" href="/topics/healthy-workplaces" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/workplace-issues-tile_tcm7-302656_w320_n.jpg" alt="collage of people in varied workplaces, including an office, a warehouse, a factory, and at home"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Tips to foster a healthy workplace </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </section> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"> <div class="section-divider" ></div> </div> <section class="oneCol_content " id="oneCol_content_32995401"> <section class="overarch"> <h2 >APA Services</h2> </section> <section class="oneFull"> <section class="featureRichItem"> <section class="linkWidget tile square"> <div class="widgetWrapper tileWidget threePerRow default "> <div class="module first"> <a class="module-link" href="https://www.apaservices.org" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/apa-services-tile_tcm7-330396_w320_n.jpg" alt="illustration of networked people"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> APA Services, Inc. </p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"><p>A companion professional organization to APA, serving all members and advocating for psychology</p></div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module "> <a class="module-link" href="https://www.apaservices.org/advocacy/issues" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/advocacy_tcm7-211072_w320_n.jpg" alt="APA Advocacy "> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Advocacy </p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"><p>Help APA advocate for psychology-informed federal policy and legislation, and support psychological research</p></div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="module last"> <a class="module-link" href="https://www.apaservices.org/practice" target="_self" > <div class="body"> <figure class="tile"> <img src="/images/tile-apaservices_tcm7-249986_w320_n.jpg" alt="https://www.apaservices.org"> </figure> <div class="desc"> <p class="title"> Practice </p> <div class="wysiwyg lengthy"><p>Resources for practicing psychologists in all settings and stages of their career</p></div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </section> </section> </section> </div> </section> <section class="social"> <div class="horizontal-icon-bar" data-ai-region data-ai-area="horizontal-bar"> <div> <a href="#" onclick="publishFacebookWallPost('255440604529709', 'https://www.apa.org/');" class="social-icon" data-ai-target="facebook" data-ai-action="share"> <i title="Share this on Facebook" class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i> </a> </div> <div> <a href="javascript: openSocialShare('https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.apa.org%2f&via=APA&text=American+Psychological+Association+(APA)')" class="social-icon" data-ai-target="twitter" data-ai-action="share"> <i title="Share this on X (formerly Twitter)" class="fab fa-x-twitter"></i> </a> </div> <div>  <a href="javascript: openSocialShare('https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.apa.org%2f&title=American+Psychological+Association+(APA)&summary=The+American+Psychological+Association+(APA)+is+a+scientific+and+professional+organization+that+represents+psychologists+in+the+United+States.+APA+educates+the+public+about+psychology%2c+behavioral+science+and+mental+health%3b+promotes+psychological+science+and+practice%3b+fosters+the+education+and+training+of+psychological+scientists%2c+practitioners+and+educators%3b+advocates+for+psychological+knowledge+and+practice+to+inform+public+policy%3b+and+champions+the+application+of+psychology+to+promote+human+rights%2c+health%2c+well-being+and+dignity.')" class="social-icon" data-ai-target="linkedin" data-ai-action="share"> <i title="Share this on LinkedIn" class="fab fa-linkedin-in"></i> </a> </div> <div>  <a href="javascript:openEmail('English');" class="social-icon" data-ai-target="email" data-ai-action="share"> <i title="Email this" class="fas fa-envelope"></i> </a> </div> </div> <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-C0005"> window.fbAsyncInit = function () { FB.init({ appId: 255440604529709, xfbml: true, version: 'v4.0' }); FB.AppEvents.logPageView(); }; (function (d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); </script> <script> if (!document.getElementById('citationPopup')) { let popup = ` <div class="citationPopup" id="citationPopup"> <span class="capitalize">Cite this</span> <div class="closeCitation right" onclick="toggleCitation()"><i role="presentation" aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-rectangle-xmark"></i></div> <div class="hr"></div> <div class="citationBody" id="citationBody" onclick="selectAll()"> American Psychological Association. (2024). <i>American Psychological Association (APA).</i> https://www.apa.org </div> </div> `; if (document.getElementById('mainwrap') != null) { document.getElementById('mainwrap').insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', popup); } } </script> </section> </main> </div> </div> <footer class="megafooter" data-ai-region data-ai-area="footer"> <div class="megafooter-row megafooter-tagline"> <div class="container"> <div class="wysiwyg">Advancing psychology to benefit society and improve lives</div> </div> </div> <div class="megafooter-row content-row"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-grid four-cols"> <div class="megafooter-block"> <div class="wysiwyg"> <div> <strong class="upperCase">ABOUT PSYCHOLOGY</strong> </div> <div> <a target="_parent" href="/education-career/guide/science">Science of Psychology</a> </div> <div> <a target="_parent" href="/topics">Psychology Topics</a> </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> <strong class="upperCase">STUDENTS</strong> </div> <div> <a href="https://accreditation.apa.org/accredited-programs" target="_parent">Accredited Psychology Programs</a> </div> <div> <a target="_parent" href="/education-career/guide/careers">Careers in Psychology</a> </div> <div> <a href="https://opl.apa.org">Online Psychology Laboratory</a> </div> <div> <a target="_parent" href="/about/students">More for Students</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="megafooter-block"> <div class="wysiwyg"><div><strong>PUBLICATIONS & DATABASES</strong></div> <div><a href="https://apastyle.apa.org" target="_parent">APA Style</a></div> <div><a target="_parent" href="/pubs/books">Books</a></div> <div><a target="_parent" href="/pubs/magination">Children's Books</a></div> <div><a href="/pubs/databases">Databases</a></div> <div><a target="_parent" href="/pubs/videos">DVD/Streaming Video</a></div> <div><a href="/pubs/journals/subscriptions">Journal Subscriptions</a></div> <div><a href="https://psycnet.apa.org/">APA PsycNET® Journal Articles</a></div> <div><a target="_parent" href="/pubs">More Publications & Databases</a></div></div> </div> <div class="megafooter-block"> <div class="wysiwyg"> <div> <strong class="upperCase">NEWS & ADVOCACY</strong> </div> <div> <a href="/monitor">Monitor on Psychology Magazine</a> </div> <div> <a href="/news/newsletters">Newsletters</a> </div> <div> <a href="/news/press">Press Room</a> </div> <div> <a href="https://www.apaservices.org/advocacy">Advocacy from APA Services, Inc.</a> </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> <strong class="upperCase">STANDARDS & GUIDELINES</strong> </div> <div> <a href="/research-practice/standards-guidelines">Standards and Guidelines</a> </div> <div> <a target="_parent" href="/ethics">Ethics</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="megafooter-block"> <div class="wysiwyg"> <div> <strong class="upperCase">CAREERS</strong> </div> <div> <a href="http://www.psyccareers.com" target="_parent">Find a Job with PsycCareers</a> </div> <div> <a target="_parent" href="/education-career/development/early">Early Career Psychologists</a> </div> <div> <br> </div> <div> <strong class="upperCase">EVENTS & TRAINING</strong> </div> <div> <div> <a href="https://convention.apa.org">APA Annual Convention</a> </div> </div> <div> <a target="_parent" href="/ed/ce">Continuing Education</a> </div> <div> <a href="/events">Events Calendar</a> </div> <div> <a href="/education-career/training">Training</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="megafooter-row bg-light-neutral-1"> <div class="container"> <section class="footer-grid two-cols about-memebers-cols"> <div class="megafooter-block aboutapa-block"> <div class="megafooter-heading">About APA</div> <div class="wysiwyg footer-grid three-cols"> <ul> <li> <a target="_parent" href="/about/governance">Governance</a> </li> <li> <a target="_parent" href="https://www.apadivisions.org">APA Divisions</a> </li> <li> <a target="_parent" href="/about/offices">Directorates and Programs</a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <a target="_parent" href="https://apamerchstore.com/">APA Merch Store</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/apa/corporate-supporters">Corporate Supporters</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://advertising.apa.org">Advertise with Us</a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <a href="/about/apa-jobs">Work at APA</a> </li> <li> <a href="/donations">Donate</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/contact">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="megafooter-block members-block"> <div class="footer-grid two-cols members-cols"> <div class="megafooter-block"> <div class="megafooter-heading">Members</div> <div class="wysiwyg"><ul> <li><a href="https://community.apa.org/">APA Community</a></li> <li><a href="/members/your-membership/get-involved">Get Involved</a></li> <li><a href="/members/your-membership/benefits">Membership Benefits</a></li> <li><a target="_parent" href="/members">More for Members</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="megafooter-block"> <div class="wysiwyg"> <ul> <li style="text-align: left;"> <a href="https://renew.apa.org" class="btnOutlineMed">Renew Membership</a> </li> <li style="text-align: left;"> <a class="btnOutlineMed" href="/members/your-membership/join">Join APA</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="megafooter-row shorter-row with-social"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-grid two-cols-uneven"> <div class="megafooter-links megafooter-block align-self-end"> <div class="wysiwyg wysiwyg-flex-ul"> <ul> <li> <a href="#" id="togglePrefCenter" name="togglePrefCenter">Cookies</a> </li> <li> <a target="_parent" href="/about/privacy">Privacy Statement</a> </li> <li> <a target="_parent" href="/about/termsofuse">Terms of Use</a> </li> <li> <a target="_parent" href="/about/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li> <a target="_parent" href="/website-feedback">Website Feedback</a> </li> <li> <a target="_parent" href="/sitemap">Sitemap</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="megafooter-socialmedia megafooter-block"> <div class="d-flex flex-wrap align-items-end justify-content-end"> <span>Follow APA</span> <ul class="socialmedia-items d-flex"> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-psychological-association" target="_blank" title="Join us on LinkedIn" aria-label="Join us on LinkedIn" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"> <svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-linkedin" aria-labelledby="svg-inline--fa-title-17l4b62nQnJI" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="linkedin" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><title id="svg-inline--fa-title-17l4b62nQnJI">Join us on LinkedIn</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3 0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2 0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5 0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z"></path></svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/apa_org/" target="_blank" title="Instagram" aria-label="Instagram" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"> <svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-square-instagram" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="square-instagram" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M224,202.66A53.34,53.34,0,1,0,277.36,256,53.38,53.38,0,0,0,224,202.66Zm124.71-41a54,54,0,0,0-30.41-30.41c-21-8.29-71-6.43-94.3-6.43s-73.25-1.93-94.31,6.43a54,54,0,0,0-30.41,30.41c-8.28,21-6.43,71.05-6.43,94.33S91,329.26,99.32,350.33a54,54,0,0,0,30.41,30.41c21,8.29,71,6.43,94.31,6.43s73.24,1.93,94.3-6.43a54,54,0,0,0,30.41-30.41c8.35-21,6.43-71.05,6.43-94.33S357.1,182.74,348.75,161.67ZM224,338a82,82,0,1,1,82-82A81.9,81.9,0,0,1,224,338Zm85.38-148.3a19.14,19.14,0,1,1,19.13-19.14A19.1,19.1,0,0,1,309.42,189.74ZM400,32H48A48,48,0,0,0,0,80V432a48,48,0,0,0,48,48H400a48,48,0,0,0,48-48V80A48,48,0,0,0,400,32ZM382.88,322c-1.29,25.63-7.14,48.34-25.85,67s-41.4,24.63-67,25.85c-26.41,1.49-105.59,1.49-132,0-25.63-1.29-48.26-7.15-67-25.85s-24.63-41.42-25.85-67c-1.49-26.42-1.49-105.61,0-132,1.29-25.63,7.07-48.34,25.85-67s41.47-24.56,67-25.78c26.41-1.49,105.59-1.49,132,0,25.63,1.29,48.33,7.15,67,25.85s24.63,41.42,25.85,67.05C384.37,216.44,384.37,295.56,382.88,322Z"></path></svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/theapavideo" target="_blank" title="Videos from APA on YouTube" aria-label="Videos from APA on YouTube" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"> <svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-square-youtube" aria-labelledby="svg-inline--fa-title-YVOEJlE2Z05J" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="square-youtube" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><title id="svg-inline--fa-title-YVOEJlE2Z05J">Videos from APA on YouTube</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M186.8 202.1l95.2 54.1-95.2 54.1V202.1zM448 80v352c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V80c0-26.5 21.5-48 48-48h352c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48zm-42 176.3s0-59.6-7.6-88.2c-4.2-15.8-16.5-28.2-32.2-32.4C337.9 128 224 128 224 128s-113.9 0-142.2 7.7c-15.7 4.2-28 16.6-32.2 32.4-7.6 28.5-7.6 88.2-7.6 88.2s0 59.6 7.6 88.2c4.2 15.8 16.5 27.7 32.2 31.9C110.1 384 224 384 224 384s113.9 0 142.2-7.7c15.7-4.2 28-16.1 32.2-31.9 7.6-28.5 7.6-88.1 7.6-88.1z"></path></svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AmericanPsychologicalAssociation" target="_blank" title="Follow us on Facebook" aria-label="Follow us on Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"> <svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-square-facebook" aria-labelledby="svg-inline--fa-title-xg8blDzqiENZ" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="square-facebook" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><title id="svg-inline--fa-title-xg8blDzqiENZ">Follow us on Facebook</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.threads.net/@apa_org" target="_blank" title="Threads" aria-label="Threads" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"> <svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-square-threads" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="square-threads" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 32C28.7 32 0 60.7 0 96V416c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H384c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V96c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H64zM294.2 244.3c19.5 9.3 33.7 23.5 41.2 40.9c10.4 24.3 11.4 63.9-20.2 95.4c-24.2 24.1-53.5 35-95.1 35.3h-.2c-46.8-.3-82.8-16.1-106.9-46.8C91.5 341.8 80.4 303.7 80 256v-.1-.1c.4-47.7 11.5-85.7 33-113.1c24.2-30.7 60.2-46.5 106.9-46.8h.2c46.9 .3 83.3 16 108.2 46.6c12.3 15.1 21.3 33.3 27 54.4l-26.9 7.2c-4.7-17.2-11.9-31.9-21.4-43.6c-19.4-23.9-48.7-36.1-87-36.4c-38 .3-66.8 12.5-85.5 36.2c-17.5 22.3-26.6 54.4-26.9 95.5c.3 41.1 9.4 73.3 26.9 95.5c18.7 23.8 47.4 36 85.5 36.2c34.3-.3 56.9-8.4 75.8-27.3c21.5-21.5 21.1-47.9 14.2-64c-4-9.4-11.4-17.3-21.3-23.3c-2.4 18-7.9 32.2-16.5 43.2c-11.4 14.5-27.7 22.4-48.4 23.5c-15.7 .9-30.8-2.9-42.6-10.7c-13.9-9.2-22-23.2-22.9-39.5c-1.7-32.2 23.8-55.3 63.5-57.6c14.1-.8 27.3-.2 39.5 1.9c-1.6-9.9-4.9-17.7-9.8-23.4c-6.7-7.8-17.1-11.8-30.8-11.9h-.4c-11 0-26 3.1-35.6 17.6l-23-15.8c12.8-19.4 33.6-30.1 58.5-30.1h.6c41.8 .3 66.6 26.3 69.1 71.8c1.4 .6 2.8 1.2 4.2 1.9l.1 .5zm-71.8 67.5c17-.9 36.4-7.6 39.7-48.8c-8.8-1.9-18.6-2.9-29-2.9c-3.2 0-6.4 .1-9.6 .3c-28.6 1.6-38.1 15.5-37.4 27.9c.9 16.7 19 24.5 36.4 23.6l-.1-.1z"></path></svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/apa" target="_blank" title="Follow us on X (formerly Twitter)" aria-label="Follow us on X (formerly Twitter)" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"> <svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-square-x-twitter" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="square-x-twitter" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 32C28.7 32 0 60.7 0 96V416c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H384c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V96c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H64zm297.1 84L257.3 234.6 379.4 396H283.8L209 298.1 123.3 396H75.8l111-126.9L69.7 116h98l67.7 89.5L313.6 116h47.5zM323.3 367.6L153.4 142.9H125.1L296.9 367.6h26.3z"></path></svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/rss" target="_blank" title="RSS Feeds" aria-label="RSS Feeds" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer"> <svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-square-rss" aria-labelledby="svg-inline--fa-title-BvyQKlkkGnvj" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="square-rss" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><title id="svg-inline--fa-title-BvyQKlkkGnvj">RSS Feeds</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 32C28.7 32 0 60.7 0 96V416c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H384c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V96c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H64zM96 136c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24c137 0 248 111 248 248c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24c0-110.5-89.5-200-200-200c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24zm0 96c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24c83.9 0 152 68.1 152 152c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24s-24-10.7-24-24c0-57.4-46.6-104-104-104c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24zm0 120a32 32 0 1 1 64 0 32 32 0 1 1 -64 0z"></path></svg> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="socialmedia-more"> <a href="/about/social-media" title="more social media link">more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="megafooter-row shorter-row copyrights"> <div class="container"> <section class="copyright"> <div class="wysiwyg"> <a target="_parent" href="/about/contact/copyright"> <strong style="text-decoration: underline;">© 2024 American Psychological Association</strong> </a> <br> 750 First St. NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242 <br> Telephone: (800) 374-2721; (202) 336-5500 | TDD/TTY: (202) 336-6123 </div> </section> <figure class="back-to-top"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" id="back-to-top"> <svg title="Back to top" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chevron-up fa-w-14" aria-labelledby="svg-inline--fa-title-sLQwkvREfMhB" data-prefix="far" data-icon="chevron-up" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" data-fa-i2svg=""><title id="svg-inline--fa-title-sLQwkvREfMhB">Back to top</title><path fill="currentColor" d="M6.101 359.293L25.9 379.092c4.686 4.686 12.284 4.686 16.971 0L224 198.393l181.13 180.698c4.686 4.686 12.284 4.686 16.971 0l19.799-19.799c4.686-4.686 4.686-12.284 0-16.971L232.485 132.908c-4.686-4.686-12.284-4.686-16.971 0L6.101 342.322c-4.687 4.687-4.687 12.285 0 16.971z"></path></svg> </a> </figure> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="ie-margin-fix"> </div> </div> <div id="rwdOverlayMask" class="rwdOverlayMask" onclick="javascript:hideMask('rwdOverlayMask','overlayMask');"></div> <script defer src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script>window.jQuery.ui || document.write('<script defer src="/js/vendor/jquery-ui.js"><\/script>')</script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/dist/print.min.css?v=24.9" media="print" tabindex="-1"> <script async src="/js/vendor/hammer.min.js"></script> <script defer src="/js/dist/global.min.js?v=24.9"></script> <script defer src="/js/dist/rwdTabs.min.js?v=24.9"></script> <script data-search-pseudo-elements defer src="/js/vendor/apafa.min.js?v=24.9"></script>  <script>myApaUrl="https://my.apa.org";</script> <script src="/js/dist/myapa.min.js?v=24.9"></script>  <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-C0005"> (function () { var twitterWidgets = document.createElement('script'); twitterWidgets.type = 'text/javascript'; twitterWidgets.async = true; twitterWidgets.src = 'https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js'; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(twitterWidgets); })(); </script>  <script type="text/plain" data-pageid="1060" data-defaultevent="visit" src="/js/dist/insights.min.js?v=24.9" class="optanon-category-C0002"></script> <script defer src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-3-typeahead/4.0.2/bootstrap3-typeahead.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script defer id="typeahead" type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery("#query").typeahead({ autoSelect: false, source: function (term, process) { var allowedTypeahead = jQuery('#in').find(':selected').data('typeahead') ? true : false; if (!allowedTypeahead || term.length < 3) return; var terms = []; return jQuery.get('/api/typeahead?term=' + term, function (data) { jQuery.each(data, function (i, item) { terms.push(item); }); process(terms); }); }, afterSelect: function () { jQuery('#search').submit(); }, highlighter: function (item) { var html = jQuery('<div></div>'); var query = this.query; var i = item.toLowerCase().indexOf(query.toLowerCase()); var len = query.length; var leftPart; var middlePart; var rightPart; var strong; if (len === 0) { return html.text(item).html(); } while (i > -1) { leftPart = item.substr(0, i); middlePart = item.substr(i, len); rightPart = item.substr(i + len); strong = jQuery('<span></span>').text(middlePart); html .append(document.createTextNode(leftPart)) .append(strong); item = rightPart; i = item.toLowerCase().indexOf(query.toLowerCase()); } return html.append(document.createTextNode(item)).html(); } }).on('keyup', this, function (e) { if (e.key === 'Enter' || e.keyCode === 13) { jQuery('#input').typeahead('close'); jQuery('#search').submit(); } if (!e.shiftKey && (e.key === 'Tab' || e.keyCode === 9 || e.which === 9)) { var val = jQuery('.typeahead.dropdown-menu li:first').find('a').text(); jQuery('.typeahead.dropdown-menu li:first').addClass('active'); if (val) { jQuery("#query").val(val).text(val).change(); jQuery('#input').typeahead('close'); jQuery('#search').submit(); } } }); jQuery('#in').change(function () { jQuery('#query').typeahead('setQuery', ''); }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_Incapsula_Resource?SWJIYLWA=719d34d31c8e3a6e6fffd425f7e032f3&ns=1&cb=1145287277" async></script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

American Psychological Association (APA)