CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Solitude – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ptwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janeiro","fevereiro","março","abril","maio","junho","julho","agosto","setembro","outubro","novembro","dezembro"],"wgRequestId":"4faf764b-23de-471c-95bd-d4e40217d9dd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Solitude","wgTitle":"Solitude","wgCurRevisionId":69003560,"wgRevisionId":69003560,"wgArticleId":1619522,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores","!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)","Psicologia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pt","wgPageContentLanguage":"pt","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Solitude","wgRelevantArticleId":1619522,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pt","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pt"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6010868","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.30"};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight-base":"ready","ext.gadget.keepPDU":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Topicon","ext.gadget.Metacaixa","ext.gadget.TitleRewrite","ext.gadget.ElementosOcultaveis","ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.NewVillagePump","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.requestForAdminship","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.PagesForDeletion", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pt&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&modules=ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight-base%2CkeepPDU&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Frederick_Leighton_-_Solitude.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="2637"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Frederick_Leighton_-_Solitude.jpg/800px-Frederick_Leighton_-_Solitude.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1758"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Frederick_Leighton_-_Solitude.jpg/640px-Frederick_Leighton_-_Solitude.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1407"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Solitude – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitude"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Editar" href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (pt)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pt.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitude"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="''Feed'' Atom Wikipédia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Mudan%C3%A7as_recentes&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Solitude rootpage-Solitude skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Saltar para o conteúdo</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="''Site''"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegação </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Visitar a página principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Página principal</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conte%C3%BAdo_destacado"><span>Conteúdo destacado</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Eventos_atuais" title="Informação temática sobre eventos atuais"><span>Eventos atuais</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esplanada"><span>Esplanada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Aleat%C3%B3ria" title="Carregar página aleatória [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Página aleatória</span></a></li><li id="n-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%C3%8Dndice"><span>Portais</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Informe_um_erro"><span>Informar um erro</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Colaboração </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-welcome" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Boas-vindas"><span>Boas-vindas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Um local reservado para auxílio."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-Páginas-de-testes-públicas" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:P%C3%A1gina_de_testes"><span>Páginas de testes públicas</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Portal_comunit%C3%A1rio" title="Sobre o projeto"><span>Portal comunitário</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mudan%C3%A7as_recentes" title="Uma lista de mudanças recentes nesta wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mudanças recentes</span></a></li><li id="n-maintenance" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Manuten%C3%A7%C3%A3o"><span>Manutenção</span></a></li><li id="n-createpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Guia_de_edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o/Como_come%C3%A7ar_uma_p%C3%A1gina"><span>Criar página</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_novas"><span>Páginas novas</span></a></li><li id="n-contact-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contato"><span>Contato</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pt.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Pesquisar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Pesquisar na Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Busca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Pesquisar na Wikipédia" aria-label="Pesquisar na Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Pesquisar na Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Pesquisar"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Pesquisar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ferramentas pessoais"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspeto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspeto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=20120521SB001&uselang=pt" class=""><span>Donativos</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Criar_conta&returnto=Solitude" title="É encorajado a criar uma conta e iniciar sessão; no entanto, não é obrigatório" class=""><span>Criar uma conta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=Solitude" title="Aconselhamos-lhe a criar uma conta na Wikipédia, embora tal não seja obrigatório. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Entrar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Mais opções" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas pessoais" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas pessoais</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu do utilizador" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=20120521SB001&uselang=pt"><span>Donativos</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Criar_conta&returnto=Solitude" title="É encorajado a criar uma conta e iniciar sessão; no entanto, não é obrigatório"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Criar uma conta</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=Solitude" title="Aconselhamos-lhe a criar uma conta na Wikipédia, embora tal não seja obrigatório. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Entrar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Páginas para editores sem sessão iniciada <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introduction" aria-label="Saiba mais sobre edição"><span>saber mais</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Minhas_contribui%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Uma lista de edições feitas a partir deste endereço IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribuições</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Minha_discuss%C3%A3o" title="Discussão sobre edições feitas a partir deste endereço IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eocultar\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="''Site''"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Conteúdo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Conteúdo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Efeitos_psicológicos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efeitos_psicológicos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Efeitos psicológicos</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Efeitos_psicológicos-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Efeitos psicológicos</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Efeitos_psicológicos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Efeitos_positivos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efeitos_positivos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Efeitos positivos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efeitos_positivos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efeitos_negativos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efeitos_negativos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Efeitos negativos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efeitos_negativos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Solitude</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 32 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%A9" title="عزلة — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عزلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="একাকীত্ব — assamês" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="একাকীত্ব" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Уединение — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уединение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samota" title="Samota — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Samota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitude" title="Solitude — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Solitude" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soleco" title="Soleco — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Soleco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soledad" title="Soledad — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Soledad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cksindus" title="Üksindus — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Üksindus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%AA" title="عزلت — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عزلت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitude" title="Solitude — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Solitude" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soidade" title="Soidade — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Soidade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA" title="התבודדות — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התבודדות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4" title="एकांत — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एकांत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ինքնամեկուսացում — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինքնամեկուսացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesendirian" title="Kesendirian — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kesendirian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitudine" title="Solitudine — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Solitudine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E7%8B%AC" title="孤独 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="孤独" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8F%85" title="고독 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고독" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitudo" title="Solitudo — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Solitudo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienatv%C4%97" title="Vienatvė — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vienatvė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enslighet" title="Enslighet — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Enslighet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitud" title="Solitud — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Solitud" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%DB%81_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88" title="قلعہ سولیچیوڈ — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قلعہ سولیچیوڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singur%C4%83tate" title="Singurătate — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Singurătate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitude" title="Solitude — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Solitude" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetmia" title="Vetmia — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vetmia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9B%D0%B0" title="Самоћа — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Самоћа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="தனிமை — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தனிமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecrit" title="Tecrit — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tecrit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C6%A1n_%C4%91%E1%BB%99c" title="Đơn độc — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đơn độc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA" title="התבודדות — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="התבודדות" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%82%E5%AF%9E" title="寂寞 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="寂寞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6010868#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Solitude" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discuss%C3%A3o:Solitude&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página (página não existe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Solitude"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Solitude"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Solitude" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Solitude" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&oldid=69003560" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Solitude&id=69003560&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSolitude"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSolitude"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Solitude"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Solitude&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Solitude" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6010868" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Frederick_Leighton_-_Solitude.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Frederick_Leighton_-_Solitude.jpg/180px-Frederick_Leighton_-_Solitude.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="396" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Frederick_Leighton_-_Solitude.jpg/270px-Frederick_Leighton_-_Solitude.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Frederick_Leighton_-_Solitude.jpg/360px-Frederick_Leighton_-_Solitude.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Pintura de Frederick Leighton retratando a solitude</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Solitude</b> é um termo <a href="/wiki/Poesia" title="Poesia">poético</a> que se refere à <a href="/wiki/Solid%C3%A3o" title="Solidão">solidão</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> ou seja, ao estado de <a href="/wiki/Privacidade" title="Privacidade">privacidade</a>. Pode representar o <a href="/wiki/Isolamento_social" title="Isolamento social">isolamento</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Reclus%C3%A3o" title="Reclusão">reclusão</a>, voluntários ou impostos, porém não diretamente associados ao <a href="/wiki/Sofrimento" title="Sofrimento">sofrimento</a>. Em inglês, é feita uma distinção entre os termos <i>solitude</i> e <i>loneliness</i>. Nesse sentido, essas duas palavras se referem, respectivamente, à alegria e à dor de estar sozinho.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Solitude pode ser usada positivamente para adicionar oportunidades de meditação, concentração, introspecção ou oração individuais e alcançar um estado de paz e consolo. Na doutrina Católica, em particular com a devoção do <a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A1rio_(catolicismo)" title="Rosário (catolicismo)">Rosário</a>, é possível "encher de oração as jornadas de tantos contemplativos, ou servir de companhia a doentes e idosos e crianças".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efeitos_psicológicos"><span id="Efeitos_psicol.C3.B3gicos"></span>Efeitos psicológicos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Efeitos psicológicos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Efeitos psicológicos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%93.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%93.jpg/220px-%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%93.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%93.jpg/330px-%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%93.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%93.jpg/440px-%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%93.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="2601" /></a><figcaption>Um homem se isola e ora a Deus na Floresta de <a href="/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A9m" title="Jerusalém">Jerusalém</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Efeitos_positivos">Efeitos positivos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Efeitos positivos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Efeitos positivos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Há muitos benefícios em passar o tempo sozinho. A liberdade é considerada um dos benefícios da solitude, pois as restrições dos outros não terão nenhum efeito sobre a pessoa em solitude. Com o aumento da liberdade, as escolhas de uma pessoa são menos propensas a serem afetadas pela interação com outras pessoas. A liberdade de distrações tem o potencial de estimular a criatividade.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 1994, o psicólogo <a href="/wiki/Mihaly_Csikszentmihalyi" title="Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi">Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi</a> descobriu que os adolescentes que não suportam ficar sozinhos muitas vezes param de aumentar os talentos criativos. </p><p>Outro benefício comprovado da solitude é o desenvolvimento de si mesmo ao experimentar mudanças em seu autoconceito, ajudando uma pessoa a formar ou descobrir sua identidade sem distrações externas. A solitude também proporciona tempo para contemplação, crescimento da espiritualidade pessoal e auto-exame. Nestas situações, a solidão pode ser evitada desde que a pessoa em solitude saiba que tem relações significativas com os outros. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Efeitos_negativos">Efeitos negativos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Efeitos negativos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Efeitos negativos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Passar muito tempo sozinho nem sempre é algo benéfico ao indivíduo. Muitos dos efeitos negativos foram observados em prisioneiros.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> A reclusão pode desencadear respostas fisiológicas que aumentam os riscos para a saúde.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Os efeitos negativos do isolamento também podem depender da idade. Crianças em idade escolar primária podem reagir negativamente. Isso ocorre principalmente porque, muitas vezes, estar sozinho nessa idade não é algo escolhido pela criança. Crianças podem procurar afastar-se quando elas não têm certeza de como interagir socialmente com os outros, preferindo ficar sozinhas, causando timidez ou rejeição social. </p><p>Enquanto os adolescentes são mais propensos a se sentirem solitários ou infelizes quando não estão perto dos outros, eles também são mais propensos a ter uma experiência mais agradável com os outros, se tiverem tempo sozinhos primeiro. No entanto, adolescentes que freqüentemente passam o tempo sozinhos não têm um ajuste global tão bom quanto aqueles que equilibram seu tempo de solidão com seu tempo social.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solitude&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Introspec%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Introspecção">Introspecção</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dicionario.priberam.org/solitude">«solitude»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dicion%C3%A1rio_Priberam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicionário Priberam">Dicionário Priberam</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de julho de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASolitude&rft.atitle=solitude&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dicion%C3%A1rio+Priberam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdicionario.priberam.org%2Fsolitude&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/lingua-portuguesa/solitude">«solitude»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Infop%C3%A9dia" title="Infopédia">Infopédia</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Porto_Editora" title="Porto Editora">Porto Editora</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de julho de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASolitude&rft.atitle=solitude&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infop%C3%A9dia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infopedia.pt%2Fdicionarios%2Flingua-portuguesa%2Fsolitude&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/ode-on-solitude/">«Ode on Solitude»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 1 de abril de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASolitude&rft.au=Alexander+Pope&rft.btitle=Ode+on+Solitude&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poemhunter.com%2Fpoem%2Fode-on-solitude%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130215035154/http://www.singlescafe.net/solitude.html">«The Difference Between Solitude and Loneliness»</a>. Singlescafe.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 6 de março de 2013</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.singlescafe.net/solitude.html">original</a> em 15 de fevereiro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASolitude&rft.btitle=The+Difference+Between+Solitude+and+Loneliness&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Singlescafe.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.singlescafe.net%2Fsolitude.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Cym (2 de março de 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://effortlessflow.blogspot.it/2011/03/difference-between-solitude-and.html">«Effortless Flow: The Difference Between Solitude and Loneliness»</a>. Effortlessflow.blogspot.it<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 6 de março de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASolitude&rft.au=Cym&rft.btitle=Effortless+Flow%3A+The+Difference+Between+Solitude+and+Loneliness&rft.date=2011-03-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Effortlessflow.blogspot.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feffortlessflow.blogspot.it%2F2011%2F03%2Fdifference-between-solitude-and.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">João Paulo II (16 de outubro de 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/pt/apost_letters/2002/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_20021016_rosarium-virginis-mariae.html">«Rosarium Virginis Mariae»</a>. <i>A Santa Sé</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 4 de junho de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASolitude&rft.atitle=Rosarium+Virginis+Mariae&rft.au=Jo%C3%A3o+Paulo+II&rft.date=2002-10-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Santa+S%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fjohn-paul-ii%2Fpt%2Fapost_letters%2F2002%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_apl_20021016_rosarium-virginis-mariae.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Long, Christopher R. & Averill, James R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-5914.00204">«Solitude: An Exploration of the Benefits of Being Alone»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 6 de junho de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASolitude&rft.au=Long%2C+Christopher+R.+%26+Averill%2C+James+R&rft.btitle=Solitude%3A+An+Exploration+of+the+Benefits+of+Being+Alone&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2F1468-5914.00204&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kupers, Terry A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrcat.org/storage/documents/usp_kupers_what_do_with_survivors.pdf">«What To Do With the Survivors? Coping With the Long-Term Effects of Isolated Confinement»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 6 de junho de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASolitude&rft.au=Kupers%2C+Terry+A&rft.btitle=What+To+Do+With+the+Survivors%3F+Coping+With+the+Long-Term+Effects+of+Isolated+Confinement&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrcat.org%2Fstorage%2Fdocuments%2Fusp_kupers_what_do_with_survivors.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psypost.org/2015/11/loneliness-triggers-cellular-changes-that-can-cause-illness-study-shows-39407">«Loneliness triggers cellular changes that can cause illness, study shows»</a>. <i>PsyPost</i> (em inglês). Universidade de Chicago. 24 de novembro de 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 4 de junho de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASolitude&rft.atitle=Loneliness+triggers+cellular+changes+that+can+cause+illness%2C+study+shows&rft.date=2015-11-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PsyPost&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psypost.org%2F2015%2F11%2Floneliness-triggers-cellular-changes-that-can-cause-illness-study-shows-39407&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Larson, R. W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1131927?item_view=read_online&refreqid=excelsior%3Ac7a0888dc9c7843890ff3fb32f7c7445">«The emergence of solitude as a constructive domain of experience in early adolescence»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 6 de junho de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ASolitude&rft.au=Larson%2C+R.+W.&rft.btitle=The+emergence+of+solitude+as+a+constructive+domain+of+experience+in+early+adolescence&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1131927%3Fitem_view%3Dread_online%26refreqid%3Dexcelsior%253Ac7a0888dc9c7843890ff3fb32f7c7445&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solitude&oldid=69003560">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solitude&oldid=69003560</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Psicologia" title="Categoria:Psicologia">Psicologia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_ingl%C3%AAs-fontes_em_l%C3%ADngua_(en)" title="Categoria:!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)">!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 20h56min de 15 de novembro de 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Este texto é disponibilizado nos termos da licença <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0) da Creative Commons</a>; pode estar sujeito a condições adicionais. Para mais detalhes, consulte as <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">condições de utilização</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/pt-br">Política de privacidade</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sobre">Sobre a Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Aviso_geral">Avisos gerais</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Código de conduta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Programadores</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pt.wikipedia.org">Estatísticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaração sobre ''cookies''</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pt.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solitude&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versão móvel</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-zhvfr","wgBackendResponseTime":135,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.091","walltime":"0.495","ppvisitednodes":{"value":407,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":15282,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":7,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":11026,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 77.778 1 Predefinição:Referências","100.00% 77.778 1 -total"," 83.45% 64.904 10 Predefinição:Citar_web"," 2.32% 1.801 1 Predefinição:Esconder_link_para_editar_seção"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.037","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2281055,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-749b9fb688-gzk48","timestamp":"20241115205735","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Solitude","url":"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solitude","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6010868","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6010868","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contribuidores dos projetos da Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-03-12T02:12:10Z","dateModified":"2024-11-15T20:56:02Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/cd\/Frederick_Leighton_-_Solitude.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>