CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="ar" dir="rtl"> <head> <base href="https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>سوبرامانيان تشاندراشيكار - ويكيبيديا</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )arwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[".\t,","٫\t٬"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9","٠\t١\t٢\t٣\t٤\t٥\t٦\t٧\t٨\t٩"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","يناير","فبراير","مارس","أبريل","مايو","يونيو","يوليو","أغسطس","سبتمبر","أكتوبر","نوفمبر","ديسمبر"],"wgRequestId":"833f3a84-c58b-4433-aaf6-b76337c16221","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName": "سوبرامانيان_تشاندراشيكار","wgTitle":"سوبرامانيان تشاندراشيكار","wgCurRevisionId":69588420,"wgRevisionId":69588420,"wgArticleId":727955,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ar","wgPageContentLanguage":"ar","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"سوبرامانيان_تشاندراشيكار","wgRelevantArticleId":727955,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"سابرامانين_تشاندراسخار","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":2}}},"wgStableRevisionId":69588420,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ar","pageLanguageDir":"rtl","pageVariantFallbacks":"ar"},"wgMFMode":"stable", "wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym": "Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"az","autonym":"azərbaycanca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym": "བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"br","autonym":"brezhoneg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym": "dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym": "贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym": "Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"knc","autonym":"Yerwa Kanuri","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku", "autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym": "олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"တႆး","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym": "chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"syl","autonym":"ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tig","autonym":"ትግሬ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga" ,"dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yue", "autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn", "knc","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","syl","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tig","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb" ,"bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q148109","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":false,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":false},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.Site":"ready","ext.gadget.Font-Amiri":"ready","ext.gadget.palestineTheme":"ready","ext.gadget.HideExLinkIcon":"ready","ext.gadget.Urgent-fixes":"ready", "ext.gadget.color-definition":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.events-loader","ext.gadget.ArabicAds","ext.gadget.LoadJS","ext.gadget.NoRefCopy","ext.gadget.exlinks", "ext.gadget.content-support-loader","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.TemplateParamWizard","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ar&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=ar&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ar&modules=ext.gadget.Font-Amiri%2CHideExLinkIcon%2CSite%2CUrgent-fixes%2Ccolor-definition%2CpalestineTheme&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar.gif"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1697"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar.gif"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1131"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="905"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="سوبرامانيان تشاندراشيكار - ويكيبيديا"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="عدل" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ويكيبيديا (ar)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ar.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ar"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="te"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.SlmlLUpNCG8.O/am=gAE/d=1/rs=AN8SPfrVDwgQMj0EYXdUQwFqbkL3aXptKg/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.SlmlLUpNCG8.O/am=gAE/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfrVDwgQMj0EYXdUQwFqbkL3aXptKg/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-سوبرامانيان_تشاندراشيكار rootpage-سوبرامانيان_تشاندراشيكار stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.SlmlLUpNCG8.O/am=gAE/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfrVDwgQMj0EYXdUQwFqbkL3aXptKg/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" data-source-url="https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="te" data-display-language="te" data-detected-source-language="ar" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" data-mw="interface"> الصفحة الرئيسة </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" data-mw="interface"> عشوائي </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> بالقرب من هنا </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor mw-list-item menu__item--login" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85&returnto=%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> دخول </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84&returnto=%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> الإعدادات </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source%3Ddonate%26wmf_medium%3Dsidebar%26wmf_campaign%3Dar.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Dar%26wmf_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> تبرع </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B9%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" data-mw="interface"> حول ويكيبيديا </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" data-mw="interface"> إخلاء مسؤولية </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ar.svg" alt="ويكيبيديا" width="112" height="39" style="width: 7em; height: 2.4375em;"> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="خاص:بحث"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ابحث في ويكيبيديا" aria-label="ابحث في ويكيبيديا" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ابحث في ويكيبيديا [f]" accesskey="f"> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> بحث </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="تصفح المستخدم"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice">  </div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">سوبرامانيان تشاندراشيكار</h1> <div class="tagline"> عالم فيزياء أمريكي من أصل هندي </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="اللغة" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> اللغة </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85&returnto=%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> راقب </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> عدّل </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"> (بالتحويل من <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1&redirect=no&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="سابرامانين تشاندراسخار">سابرامانين تشاندراسخار</a>) </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ar" dir="rtl"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69534358">.mw-parser-output .entete.aerostat{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Picto_infobox_aerostat.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.aikido{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Aikido_pictogram.svg/40px-Aikido_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.alpinisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Picto_infobox_alpinisme.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.arbitre{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Referee_football_pictogram.svg/35px-Referee_football_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.arc{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Archery_pictogram.svg/35px-Archery_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.archives2{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Picto_infobox_archives.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.arduino,.mw-parser-output .entete.electro{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Arduino_ftdi_chip-1.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.artiste{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Picto_infobox_artiste.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.artsmartiauxjap{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Picto_infobox_samourai.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.association{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Collaboration_logo_infobox.svg/50px-Collaboration_logo_infobox.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.athletisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/40px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.audio{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gnome-speakernotes.png/35px-Gnome-speakernotes.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.auteur{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Picto_infobox_auteur.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.autogire{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Picto_Autogyro.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.automobile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Picto_infobox_automobil.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.avion{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Airplane_silhouette_white.svg/40px-Airplane_silhouette_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.aviron{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Rowing_pictogram.svg/35px-Rowing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.badminton{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Badminton_pictogram.svg/35px-Badminton_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.baseball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Baseball_pictogram.svg/35px-Baseball_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.basket-ball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Picto_Infobox_Basketball.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.bd{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.biathlon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Biathlon_pictogram.svg/40px-Biathlon_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.biere{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Picto_infobox_beer.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.book,.mw-parser-output .entete.universite{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Picto_infobox_book.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.boxe{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Boxing_pictogram.svg/35px-Boxing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.calendrier{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Almanacco.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.camera{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Camera-photo.svg/120px-Camera-photo.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.canada{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Picto_infobox_Canada.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.cardinal{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Picto_infobox_cardinal.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.catch{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Picto_infobox_catch.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.chateau{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Picto_infobox_chateau.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.chimie{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Picto_infobox_chemistry_HUN.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.cinema{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Picto_infobox_cinema.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.commonwealth{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Picto_infobox_Commonwealth.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.communication{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Picto_infobox_antenna.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.cyclisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg/45px-Cycling_%28road%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.deportation{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Picto_Infobox_deportation.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.diplomatie{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Picto_infobox_ambassade.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.disney{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Picto_infobox_Disney.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.droit{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/40px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.drone-civil{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Picto_infobox_civil_drone.png")no-repeat top right;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .entete.echecs{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Chess_pictogram.svg/35px-Chess_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.egypte-antique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Picto_infobox_ancient_Egypt.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.entreprise{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Factory_black.png/40px-Factory_black.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.entreprise-blanc{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Factory_white.png/40px-Factory_white.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.equitation{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Equestrian_pictogram.svg/35px-Equestrian_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.escalade{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Picto_infobox_escalade.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.escalade{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Picto_infobox_alpinisme-escalade.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.escrime{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Fencing_pictogram.svg/35px-Fencing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.espagne{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Picto_Infobox_Coat_of_Arms_of_Spain.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.eveque{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Picto_infobox_bishop.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.factory{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Picto_infobox_enterprise.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.floorball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Floorball_pictogram.svg/35px-Floorball_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.fondeur{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cross_country_skiing_pictogram.svg/40px-Cross_country_skiing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.football{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Infobox_Football_pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.footballblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Picto_infobox_fotbal_2.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.footUS{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Picto_Foot_US.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.futsal{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Futsal_pictogram.svg/35px-Futsal_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.golf{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Golf_pictogram.svg/35px-Golf_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.grappe{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Icone_oenobox.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.gymnastique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.handball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Handball_pictogram_white.svg/35px-Handball_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.handballblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Handball_pictogram.svg/35px-Handball_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.helicoptere{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Picto_infobox_helicopter.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.hockey{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Picto_Infobox_Ice_hockey.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.hockey-sur-gazon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Field_hockey_pictogram.svg/35px-Field_hockey_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.hospitaliers{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Picto_infobox_Hospitaliers.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.humain{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Picto_infobox_manwoman.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.informatique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Picto-infoboxinfo.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.internet{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Web-browser-openclipart.svg/45px-Web-browser-openclipart.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.israel-judaisme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Picto_infobox_israel-judaisme.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.jeu{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Picto_infobox_Game.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.jeu-role{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Picto_infobox_Jeu_de_rôle.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.jeuvideo,.mw-parser-output .entete.jeuvideov3{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kontrollikon_1.0d_-_Grey.svg/35px-Kontrollikon_1.0d_-_Grey.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.judo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Judo_pictogram.svg/40px-Judo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.karate{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Karate_pictogram.svg/40px-Karate_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.kayak{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Canoeing_%28flatwater%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Canoeing_%28flatwater%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.kickboxing{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Kickboxing_pictogram.svg/40px-Kickboxing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.lutte{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/40px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.macintosh{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Picto_infobox_Macintosh.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.malte{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Picto_infobox_Malte.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.medecine{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Picto_infobox_med.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.mets{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Picto_infobox_mets.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.militaire{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Picto_infobox_military.png")no-repeat top right;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .entete.money,.mw-parser-output .entete.money_coin{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Money_Coin_Icon.svg/40px-Money_Coin_Icon.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.montreal-metro,.mw-parser-output .entete.metro{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Picto_infobox_Mtl_metro.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.montreal-train{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Picto_infobox_Mtl_train.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.moteur-avion{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Picto_Infobox_moteur_d%27avion.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.mosque{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Picto_infobox_Mosque.svg/35px-Picto_infobox_Mosque.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.musee,.mw-parser-output .entete.museum,.mw-parser-output .entete.papyrus{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Picto_infobox_papyrus.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.musique,.mw-parser-output .entete.music{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Picto_infobox_music.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.natation{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Swimming_pictogram_white.png/35px-Swimming_pictogram_white.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.nations-unies{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Picto_infobox_UN.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.omnisports{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Sport3_icone.svg/35px-Sport3_icone.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.palace{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Pictogram_infobox_palace.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.paralympique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Picto_infobox_Paralympics.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.persofiction{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Picto_infobox_masks.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.petrole{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Picto_Infobox_Oil.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.planeur{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Picto_infobox_planeur.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.plateforme{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Picto_Infobox_Oil_Platform.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.poker{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Crystal_Clear_app_Cardgame-3.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Cardgame-3.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.presse{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Picto_infobox_journal-ar.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.pretendant{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Picto_infobox_pr%C3%A9tendant_%C3%A0_un_tr%C3%B4ne.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.projet,.mw-parser-output .entete.project{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Picto_infobox_tools.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.psychologie{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Picto_infobox_psycho.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.quebec{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Picto_infobox_Quebec.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.recherche{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Picto_infobox_detective.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rinkhockey{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Roller_hockey_pictogram.svg/35px-Roller_hockey_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rome-antique{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Picto_infobox_Roman_military_banner.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.route{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Infobox_road_pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rugby{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Picto_Infobox_Rugby.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.rugbyblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rugby_union_pictogram.svg/35px-Rugby_union_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.satellite{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Picto_infobox_satellite.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sautski{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ski_jumping_pictogram.svg/40px-Ski_jumping_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.science-fiction{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Picto_infobox_fliyingsaucer.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.serie-video{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Logo_television_blanc.png")no-repeat top right;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .entete.ski-alpin{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg/40px-Alpine_skiing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.snooker{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cue_sports_pictogram.svg/40px-Cue_sports_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.software{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Picto_infobox_software.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sport{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Picto_infobox_Olympic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.sport-automobile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Picto_infobox_sport_auto.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.squash{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Squash_pictogram.svg/35px-Squash_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.stadium{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Stadium.svg/40px-Stadium.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.starwars{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Star_Wars_Infobox_Pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.surf{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Surfing_pictogram.svg/35px-Surfing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.taekwondo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Taekwondo_pictogram.svg/40px-Taekwondo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.television{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Picto_infobox_TV-T%26PC.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.templiers{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Picto_infobox_Templiers.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Tennis_pictogram_white.svg/35px-Tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-table{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg/40px-Table_tennis_pictogram_white.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.tennis-de-tableblack{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Table_tennis_pictogram.svg/35px-Table_tennis_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.timbre{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Picto_infobox_Stamps.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.train{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Infobox_train.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.triathlon{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Triathlon_pictogram.svg/40px-Triathlon_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.ultimate{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ultimate_pictogram.svg/70px-Ultimate_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.union-europeenne{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Picto_Infobox_Europe.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.video{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tango-video-x-generic.png/35px-Tango-video-x-generic.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.voile{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/40px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.volleyball{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg/35px-Volleyball_%28indoor%29_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .entete.water-polo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69674273">.mw-parser-output .infobox2{font-size:90%;clear:left;float:left;width:280px!important;margin:1px 1em 1px 0!important;line-height:1.6em;border-radius:1px}.mw-parser-output .entete{background-position:right center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:45px 45px}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 .entete{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;font-size:150%;font-weight:bolder;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 .media{height:35px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;font-weight:bolder}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 td{width:auto;vertical-align:top;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 th{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="col"]{text-align:center;word-wrap:normal}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="row"]{text-align:right;word-wrap:normal;vertical-align:top;padding-right:2px;max-width:30%;width:30%}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 caption{font-size:larger;margin-left:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox2.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox2.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox2.bordered th{border:solid 1px #c8ccd1}.mw-parser-output .infobox2.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox2.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox2{background-color:#f8f9fa;border:solid 1px #c8ccd1;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 .entete{background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000000}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="col"]{background-color:#E1E1E1}.mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="row"]{background-color:#F3F3F3}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .infobox2{width:99%!important;max-width:99%!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2{background-color:#212529!important;border:solid 1px #4b5156!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2 .entete{background-color:#303540!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2 td{background-color:#212529!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="col"]:not(.entete){background-color:#343a40!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="row"]{background-color:#2c3034!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2 .navigation-only{border-top:2px #E1E1E1 dotted!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox2 a:link{text-decoration:initial!important;color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2{background-color:#212529!important;border:solid 1px #4b5156!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2 .entete{background-color:#303540!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2 td{background-color:#212529!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="col"]:not(.entete){background-color:#343a40!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2 th[scope="row"]{background-color:#2c3034!important;color:#ffffff!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2 .navigation-only{border-top:2px #E1E1E1 dotted!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox2 a:link{text-decoration:initial!important;color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}</style> سوبرامانيان تشاندراشيكار (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="اللغة التاميلية">بالتاميلية</a>: சுப்பிரமணியன் சந்திரசேகர்، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="اللغة الإنجليزية">بالإنجليزية</a>: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar) هو عالم <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="فيزياء فلكية">فيزياء فلكية</a> أمريكي من أصل <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الهند">هندي</a> قضى حياته المهنية في <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الولايات المتحدة">الولايات المتحدة</a>، وحصل على <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء">جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء</a> لعام 1983 مع عالم الفيزياء <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="وليام فاولر">ويليام ألفريد فاولر</a> عن الدراسات النظرية للعمليات الفيزيائية ذات الأهمية في <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="بنية النجوم">بنية</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="نجم">النجوم</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="تطور النجوم">وتطورها</a>. أسفرت معالجته الرياضية للتطور النجمي عن العديد من النماذج النظرية الحالية للمراحل التطورية فيما بعد للنجوم <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ثقب أسود">والثقوب السوداء</a> الكبيرة الكتلة.<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-frs-21">[21]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-Osterbrock_1998_pp._658-665-22">[22]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-:1-23">[23]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-currentscience-24">[24]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <table class="infobox2 infobox" cellspacing="3px"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" class="entete map" style="line-height:1.5em; background-color:#8cccd1;color:#000000">سوبرامانيان تشاندراشيكار</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#a7e8dd;color:#000000">(<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="اللغة التاميلية">بالتاميلية</a>: சுப்பிரமணியன் சந்திரசேகர்)  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P1559" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1559) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1559) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar.gif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar.gif" decoding="async" width="233" height="330" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="198"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#a7e8dd;color:#000000">معلومات شخصية</th> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">الميلاد</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="19 أكتوبر">19 أكتوبر</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1910?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="1910">1910</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67-1">[1]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-91741fff945614dc356dd6de76fcd3ed58574602-2">[2]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-10675037185b9bb6e1b3d2126d6bf786fd8f9727-3">[3]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-50fba38b5989a89c96a64f52c5eb2d95becf6207-4">[4]</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P569" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P569) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P569) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="لاهور">لاهور</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P19" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P19) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P19) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">الوفاة</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">21 أغسطس 1995 (84 سنة) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67-1">[1]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-91741fff945614dc356dd6de76fcd3ed58574602-2">[2]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-10675037185b9bb6e1b3d2126d6bf786fd8f9727-3">[3]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-50fba38b5989a89c96a64f52c5eb2d95becf6207-4">[4]</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P570" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P570) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P570) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="شيكاغو">شيكاغو</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P20" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P20) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P20) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">سبب الوفاة</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="توقف القلب">توقف القلب</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-f3769e703b982d1e443bc14cb6d2f09f9778e45e-5">[5]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-6">[6]</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P509" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P509) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P509) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">مواطنة</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الولايات المتحدة">الولايات المتحدة</a> (1953–) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Flag_of_India.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الهند">الهند</a> (–1953) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/20px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/30px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/40px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300"></a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الراج البريطاني">الراج البريطاني</a> (–1947) <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P27" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P27) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P27) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="دين (معتقد)">الديانة</a></th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="إلحاد">إلحاد</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P140" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P140) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P140) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">عضو في</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div> <div class="" style="text-align:right; padding: 0; font-size: 75%;">  <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/20px-Incomplete_list.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/30px-Incomplete_list.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/40px-Incomplete_list.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40"> القائمة ... </div> </div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الجمعية الملكية">الجمعية الملكية</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الأكاديمية الملكية السويدية للعلوم">والأكاديمية الملكية السويدية للعلوم</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون والعلوم">والأكاديمية الأمريكية للفنون والعلوم</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الأكاديمية الوطنية للعلوم">والأكاديمية الوطنية للعلوم</a>، وأكاديمية العلوم الوطنية الهندية  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2095524%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q2095524">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الجمعية الفلكية الأمريكية">والجمعية الفلكية الأمريكية</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الأكاديمية البافارية للعلوم والإنسانيات">والأكاديمية البافارية للعلوم والإنسانيات</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="أكاديمية العلوم العالمية (الصفحة غير موجودة)">وأكاديمية العلوم العالمية</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337352%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q337352">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-42027a55c4dcb38cc9db172c8a468ff3c362b373-7">[7]</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P463" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P463) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P463) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">أقرباء</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="تشاندراشيكارا رامان">تشاندراشيكارا رامان</a> (عم/خال)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-7f109526345f076cebc0da68a863f10ed13c60ce-8">[8]</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P1038" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1038) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1038) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr class="mw-empty-elt"> </tr> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#a7e8dd;color:#000000">الحياة العملية</th> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="مدرسة أم">المدرسة الأم</a></th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AC)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="كلية الثالوث (كامبريدج)">كلية الثالوث، كامبريدج</a> (1930–1933)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-19eabe83c39b87a6dfa894437c322fa29ed95e20-9">[9]</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="كلية الرئاسة (الصفحة غير موجودة)">كلية الرئاسة</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276757%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q3276757">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏ (1921–1930)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-19eabe83c39b87a6dfa894437c322fa29ed95e20-9">[9]</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="جامعة كامبريدج">جامعة كامبريدج</a> (الشهادة:<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="دكتور">دكتور</a>) (–1933)  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P69" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P69) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P69) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">شهادة جامعية</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="دكتوراه نوك في الفلسفة (الصفحة غير موجودة)">دكتوراه نوك في الفلسفة</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17281084%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q17281084">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P512" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P512) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P512) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">مشرف <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="دكتوراه">الدكتوراه</a></th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="رالف فاولر">رالف فاولر</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="آرثر إدينغتون">وآرثر إدينغتون</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P184" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P184) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P184) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">تعلم لدى</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="آرثر إدينغتون">آرثر إدينغتون</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P1066" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1066) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1066) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">طلاب الدكتوراه</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="دونات فينتزل">دونات فينتزل</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="إرميا بول أوستريك">وإرميا بول أوستريك</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="كود آرثر">وكود آرثر</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="إيبرهارت جنسن">وإيبرهارت جنسن</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P185" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P185) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P185) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="مهنة">المهنة</a></th> <td class="sm_td" style=""> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div> <div class="" style="text-align:right; padding: 0; font-size: 75%;">  <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/20px-Incomplete_list.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/30px-Incomplete_list.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/40px-Incomplete_list.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40"> القائمة ... </div> </div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="عالم رياضيات">رياضياتي</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="فيزيائي">وفيزيائي</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="فلكي">وفلكي</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="عالم فيزياء فلكية">وعالم فيزياء فلكية</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="أكاديمي">وأستاذ جامعي</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="أستاذ دكتور">وأستاذ جامعي</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P106" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P106) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P106) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="لغة أم">اللغة الأم</a></th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="اللغة التاميلية">التاميلية</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P103" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P103) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P103) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">اللغات</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="اللغة الإنجليزية">الإنجليزية</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P1412" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1412) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P1412) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">مجال العمل</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="فيزياء فلكية">فيزياء فلكية</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="فيزياء">وفيزياء</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="رياضيات">ورياضيات</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P101" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P101) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P101) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">موظف في</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="جامعة شيكاغو">جامعة شيكاغو</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-023be73db5e7bed1425835f2d15581e05d4f9b54-10">[10]</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AC)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="كلية الثالوث (كامبريدج)">وكلية الثالوث، كامبريدج</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-19eabe83c39b87a6dfa894437c322fa29ed95e20-9">[9]</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="مرصد يركيز (الصفحة غير موجودة)">ومرصد يركيز</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14310%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q14310">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-023be73db5e7bed1425835f2d15581e05d4f9b54-10">[10]</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P108" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P108) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P108) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">أعمال بارزة</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div> <div class="" style="text-align:right; padding: 0; font-size: 75%;">  <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/20px-Incomplete_list.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/30px-Incomplete_list.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/40px-Incomplete_list.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40"> القائمة ... </div> </div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="حد تشاندراشيكار">حد جندر شيكهر</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="عدد تشاندراسخار">وعدد تشاندراسخار</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="استقطاب شاندراسيخار">واستقطاب شاندراسيخار</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="دالة تشاندراسخار-كيندال">ودالة تشاندراسخار-كيندال</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="موتر طاقة الوضع لتشاندراسخار">وموتر طاقة الوضع لتشاندراسخار</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="معادلة إمدن شاندراسيخار">ومعادلة إمدن شاندراسيخار</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="احتكاك ديناميكي">واحتكاك ديناميكي</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P800" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P800) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P800) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#a7e8dd;color:#000000">الجوائز</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div> <div class="" style="text-align:right; padding: 0; font-size: 75%;">  <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/20px-Incomplete_list.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/30px-Incomplete_list.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Incomplete_list.svg/40px-Incomplete_list.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40"> القائمة ... </div> </div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="جائزة مارسيل غروسمان (الصفحة غير موجودة)">جائزة مارسيل غروسمان</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2776640%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q2776640">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏ (1994) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="جائزة غوردن جاي ليانغ (الصفحة غير موجودة)">جائزة غوردن جاي ليانغ</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5585348%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q5585348">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏ (1989) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="وسام كارل شفارنسشيلد">وسام كارل شفارنسشيلد</a> (1986)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-6003a1c14085a6da5412cfc78d6efe6e6476ad64-11">[11]</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="وسام كوبلي">وسام كوبلي</a> (1984)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-51141e1514645682d6bef19e42d5903d35bb761e-12">[12]</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Nobel_prize_medal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150"></a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء">جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء</a> (1983)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-22933c35f01f3bfb95b71baab8d2b9ab6d927a53-13">[13]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-ebdb7a06421dff23edb8788d6fafabb181551090-14">[14]</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="جائزة مؤسسة تومالا">جائزة مؤسسة تومالا</a> (1981) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="الدكتوراة الفخرية من جامعة هارفارد">الدكتوراة الفخرية من جامعة هارفارد</a> (يونيو 1979)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-5d1436203433a08fb720fadf178dfcb4e4545719-15">[15]</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="جائزة كارل جانسكي للمحاضرين (الصفحة غير موجودة)">جائزة كارل جانسكي للمحاضرين</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1528880%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q1528880">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏ (1978) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="جائزة داني هينمان للفيزياء الرياضية">جائزة داني هينمان للفيزياء الرياضية</a> (1974)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-197555d1f389aaeed5719781e5cd60f17246e114-16">[16]</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="وسام هنري درابر">وسام هنري درابر</a> (1971)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-384289f162d3c83a90960d6d5c9d3c0e5794e87d-17">[17]</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="جائزة ريتشماير التذكارية (الصفحة غير موجودة)">جائزة ريتشماير التذكارية</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331107%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q7331107">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏ (1969) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Padma_Vibhushan_Ribbon.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Padma_Vibhushan_Ribbon.svg/30px-Padma_Vibhushan_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Padma_Vibhushan_Ribbon.svg/45px-Padma_Vibhushan_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Padma_Vibhushan_Ribbon.svg/60px-Padma_Vibhushan_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></a> جائزة بادما فيبوشان في العلوم والهندسة  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30147268%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q30147268">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏ (1968) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="قلادة العلوم الوطنية">قلادة العلوم الوطنية</a> (1966) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="ميدالية سرينفاسا أينجار (الصفحة غير موجودة)">ميدالية سرينفاسا أينجار</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7586463%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q7586463">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏ (1962) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="قلادة ملكية">قلادة ملكية</a> (1962)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-6">[6]</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="محاضرات سيليمان التذكارية (الصفحة غير موجودة)">محاضرات سيليمان التذكارية</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7515378%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q7515378">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏ (1962) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="جائزة رامفورد">جائزة رامفورد</a> (1957)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-93dc24accc0fb7a4d22f3fdc98d18a2989a16e52-18">[18]</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الميدالية الذهبية للجمعية الفلكية الملكية">الميدالية الذهبية للجمعية الفلكية الملكية</a> (1953) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="وسام بروس">ميدالية بروس</a> (1952)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-8cde5e890011dbed2d12de57b1f6eb4b4ac8b207-19">[19]</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="جائزة المحاضر لهنري نوريس راسيل (الصفحة غير موجودة)">جائزة المحاضر لهنري نوريس راسيل</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1607116%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q1607116">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏ (1949) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="جائزة آدمز">جائزة آدمز</a> (1948) <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B3&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="جائزة المحاضر ليوشيا ويلارد جيبس (الصفحة غير موجودة)">جائزة المحاضر ليوشيا ويلارد جيبس</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522873%23sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q1522873">[لغات أخرى]</a>‏ (1946)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-6">[6]</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="زمالة الجمعية الملكية">زمالة الجمعية الملكية</a> (1944)<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-wikidata-fa0155946f092317f772bf690452d0af1ca1a290-20">[20]</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148109%23P166" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P166) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية (P166) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#a7e8dd;color:#000000">التوقيع</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar_signature.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar_signature.png/120px-Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar_signature.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar_signature.png/180px-Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar_signature.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar_signature.png/240px-Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="193"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #8cccd1 dotted; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: left;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0">تعديل مصدري</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%26veaction%3Dedit">تعديل</a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8:%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA_%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585" title="طالع توثيق القالب"><img alt="طالع توثيق القالب" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> عمل تشاندراشيكار على مجموعة واسعة من المعضلات الفيزيائية في حياته، إذ ساهم في الفهم الحديث للبنية النجمية، والأقزام البيضاء (النجوم صغيرة الحجم عالية الكثافة)، والديناميكا النجمية، والعملية التصادفية (العشوائية)، والنقل الإشعاعي، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ميكانيكا الكم">ونظرية الكم</a> الخاصة بأنيون الهيدروجين، والاستقرار الهيدروديناميكي والهيدرومغناطيسي، والاضطرابات، واستقرار الأشكال الإهليلجية والنسبية العامة والنظرية الرياضية للثقوب السوداء ونظرية اصطدام أمواج الجاذبية.<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-standrews-26">[26]</a> في جامعة كامبريدج، طور نموذجًا نظريًا يشرح بنية النجوم البيضاء القزمة الذي أخذ في الاعتبار التباين النسبي للكتلة بسرعات <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="إلكترون">الإلكترونات</a> التي تتألف منها المادة المتحللة. وأظهر أن كتلة القزم الأبيض لا يمكن أن تتجاوز 1.44 مرة كتلة الشمس حد تشاندراشيكار. راجع تشاندراشيكار نماذج الديناميكا النجمية التي أوضحها «يان أورت» وآخرون من خلال النظر في تأثير تذبذب حقول الجاذبية داخل درب التبانة على النجوم التي تدور حول مركز المجرة. تضمّن حله لهذه المشكلة الديناميكية المعقدة مجموعة من 20 معادلة تفاضلية جزئية، وصف كمية جديدة أطلق عليها «الاحتكاك الديناميكي»، والتي لها تأثيرات مزدوجة تتمثل في تباطؤ سرعة النجم والمساعدة في استقرار مجموعات من النجوم. توسّع تشاندراشيكار في هذا التحليل إلى الوسط البين نجمي، موضحًا أن سحب غاز المجرات والغبار موزعة بشكل غير متساو. درس تشاندراشيكار في كلية «بريزيندانسي»، «مدراس» (المعروفة الآن تشيناي)، وجامعة كامبريدج. كان أستاذًا لفترة طويلة في <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="جامعة شيكاغو">جامعة شيكاغو</a>، وقد قام ببعض دراساته في مرصد «ييركس»، وعمل رئيسًا لتحرير مجلة الفيزياء الفلكية من 1952 إلى 1971. كان يعمل في هيئة التدريس في شيكاغو من عام 1937 حتى وفاته في عام 1995 عن عمر يناهز 84 عامًا، وكان أستاذًا متميزًا في مجال الفيزياء الفلكية النظرية.<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ar" dir="rtl"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">محتويات</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85">1 البداية والتعليم</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A7">2 انظر أيضا</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9">3 مراجع</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9">4 روابط خارجية</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="البداية_والتعليم">البداية والتعليم</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="عدل القسم: البداية والتعليم" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> عدل </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> وُلد تشاندراشيكار في التاسع عشر من أكتوبر من عام 1910 في «لاهور» بمدينة «بنجاب» <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الراج البريطاني">الهند البريطانية</a> (التابعة لباكستان الآن)، لعائلة من «تاميل أيير»، والدته سيتا بالاكريشنان (1891-1931) ووالده تشاندراشيكار سوبرامانيا (1885-1960) الذي أقام في لاهور وعمل كنائب لمراجع الحسابات العام للسكك الحديدية الشمالية الغربية في وقت ميلاد تشاندراشيكار. كان لديه شقيقتان كبيرتان، راجالاكشمي وبالابارفاثي، وثلاثة إخوة أصغر سنًا وهم فيشواناثان، وبالاكريشنان، وراماناثان، وأربعة أخوات أصغر سنًا وهن سارادا، وفيديا، وسافيتري، وسونداري. كان عمه «سي. في. رامان» الفيزيائي الهندي الشهير والحائز على جائزة نوبل عام 1930. كانت والدته تكرس حياتها للسعي الفكري، فقد ترجمت بيت الدمية للكاتب المخرج المسرحي <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="هنريك إبسن">هنريك إبسن</a> إلى <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="اللغة التاميلية">اللغة التاميلية</a>، وكانت صاحبة الفضل في إثارة الفضول الفكري لدى تشاندراشيكار في سن مبكرة. انتقلت الأسرة من لاهور إلى «الله أباد» عام 1916، واستقرت أخيرًا في مدراس في عام 1918.<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-:0-30">[30]</a> درس تشاندراشيكار في المنزل حتى سن الثانية عشرة. كان والده يعلمه الرياضيات والفيزياء أما والدته فكانت تعلمه لغة «التاميل»، التحق بعد ذلك بالمدرسة الثانوية الهندوسية، «تريبليكان» بمدينة مدراس بين عامي (1922-1925). بعد ذلك، درس في كلية «بريزيدينسي» في مدراس من عام 1925 إلى عام 1930، وكتب أول ورقة بحثية له بعنوان: تبعثر كومبتون والإحصاءات الجديدة، في عام 1929 بعد أن كان استلهم الفكرة من محاضرة «أرنولد سومرفيلد». حصل على درجة البكالوريوس مع مرتبة الشرف في <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="فيزياء">الفيزياء</a> في يونيو 1930. في يوليو 1930، حصل تشاندراشيكار على منحة دراسية من حكومة الهند لمتابعة الدراسات العليا في جامعة كامبريدج، فقبلوه في كلية «ترينيتي» بنفس الجامعة، بترشيح من فاولر الذي تواصل معه عند كتابة ورقته البحثية الأولى. خلال رحلاته إلى إنجلترا، قضى تشاندراشيكار وقته في استنباط وتطوير الميكانيكا الإحصائية لغاز الإلكترون المنحل في النجوم القزمة البيضاء، ما يوفر تصحيحات نسبية لعمل فاولر السابق.<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-Chandra_bio_INSA-31">[31]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="انظر_أيضا">انظر أيضا</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="عدل القسم: انظر أيضا" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> عدل </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="سوزان دبليو تورتيليوت">سوزان دبليو تورتيليوت</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="مراجع">مراجع</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="عدل القسم: مراجع" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> عدل </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68964954">.mw-parser-output .reflist-wrap{overflow-y:auto;max-height:300px}.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:36em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:28em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-4{column-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}@media print{.mw-parser-output .reflist{overflow-y:visible!important;max-height:none!important}}</style> <div class="reflist-wrap"> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67-1">^ <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67_1-0">ا</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-49fdb5fe81b8355b0a67fc010bab1d0476734c67_1-1">ب</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68982381">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")left 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Chandrasekhar/">تاريخ ماكتوتور لأرشيف الرياضيات</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ويكي بيانات">QID</a>:<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q547473" class="extiw" title="d:Q547473">Q547473</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE+%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1+%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FChandrasekhar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-91741fff945614dc356dd6de76fcd3ed58574602-2">^ <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-91741fff945614dc356dd6de76fcd3ed58574602_2-0">ا</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-91741fff945614dc356dd6de76fcd3ed58574602_2-1">ب</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="mwgadget-numconv-skip citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/chandrasekhar-subrahmanyan">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> (بالألمانية), <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OL_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL19088695W">19088695W</a>, <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ويكي بيانات">QID</a>:<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237227" class="extiw" title="d:Q237227">Q237227</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brockhaus+Enzyklop%C3%A4die+%26%23124%3B+Subrahmanyan+Chandrasekhar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fworks%2FOL19088695W%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrockhaus.de%2Fecs%2Fenzy%2Farticle%2Fchandrasekhar-subrahmanyan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-10675037185b9bb6e1b3d2126d6bf786fd8f9727-3">^ <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-10675037185b9bb6e1b3d2126d6bf786fd8f9727_3-0">ا</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-10675037185b9bb6e1b3d2126d6bf786fd8f9727_3-1">ب</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="mwgadget-numconv-skip citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0017346.xml">Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> (بالكتالونية), Grup Enciclopèdia, <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ويكي بيانات">QID</a>:<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664168" class="extiw" title="d:Q2664168">Q2664168</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gran+Enciclop%C3%A8dia+Catalana+%26%23124%3B+Subrahmanyan+Chandrasekhar&rft.pub=Grup+Enciclop%C3%A8dia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciclopedia.cat%2Fec-gec-0017346.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-50fba38b5989a89c96a64f52c5eb2d95becf6207-4">^ <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-50fba38b5989a89c96a64f52c5eb2d95becf6207_4-0">ا</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-50fba38b5989a89c96a64f52c5eb2d95becf6207_4-1">ب</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="mwgadget-numconv-skip citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/15031">Proleksis enciklopedija | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> (بالكرواتية), <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ويكي بيانات">QID</a>:<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407324" class="extiw" title="d:Q3407324">Q3407324</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proleksis+enciklopedija+%26%23124%3B+Subrahmanyan+Chandrasekhar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fproleksis.lzmk.hr%2F15031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-f3769e703b982d1e443bc14cb6d2f09f9778e45e-5"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-f3769e703b982d1e443bc14cb6d2f09f9778e45e_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://elpais.com/diario/1995/08/24/agenda/809215201_850215.html">https://elpais.com/diario/1995/08/24/agenda/809215201_850215.html</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fdiario%2F1995%2F08%2F24%2Fagenda%2F809215201_850215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="قالب:استشهاد ويب">استشهاد ويب</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> بحاجة لعنوان (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#bare_url_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>) والوسيط <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> غير موجود أو فارغ (من ويكي بيانات) (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#citation_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4-6">^ <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_6-0">ا</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-6ddba9745c61aed5f408b43b8b430b317e2f26a4_6-1">ب</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Chandrasekhar/">تاريخ ماكتوتور لأرشيف الرياضيات</a>، <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ويكي بيانات">QID</a>:<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q547473" class="extiw" title="d:Q547473">Q547473</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE+%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1+%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FChandrasekhar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-42027a55c4dcb38cc9db172c8a468ff3c362b373-7"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-42027a55c4dcb38cc9db172c8a468ff3c362b373_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="mwgadget-numconv-skip citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://twas.org/directory/chandrasekhar-subrahmanyan">twas.org</a> (بالإنجليزية), <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ويكي بيانات">QID</a>:<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107214566" class="extiw" title="d:Q107214566">Q107214566</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=twas.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwas.org%2Fdirectory%2Fchandrasekhar-subrahmanyan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-7f109526345f076cebc0da68a863f10ed13c60ce-8"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-7f109526345f076cebc0da68a863f10ed13c60ce_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="mwgadget-numconv-skip citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/google-doodle-celebrates-birthday-of-s-chandrasekhar/article19881368.ece">"Google Doodle celebrates birthday of S. Chandrasekhar"</a>. <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الصحيفة الهندوسية">The Hindu</a> (بالإنجليزية). 19 Oct 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Google+Doodle+celebrates+birthday+of+S.+Chandrasekhar&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fsci-tech%2Fscience%2Fgoogle-doodle-celebrates-birthday-of-s-chandrasekhar%2Farticle19881368.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-19eabe83c39b87a6dfa894437c322fa29ed95e20-9">^ <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-19eabe83c39b87a6dfa894437c322fa29ed95e20_9-0">ا</a> <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-19eabe83c39b87a6dfa894437c322fa29ed95e20_9-1">ب</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation web cs1">. ص. 82 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1996.0006">https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1996.0006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1996.0006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="قالب:استشهاد ويب">استشهاد ويب</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> بحاجة لعنوان (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#bare_url_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>) والوسيط <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> غير موجود أو فارغ (من ويكي بيانات) (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#citation_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-023be73db5e7bed1425835f2d15581e05d4f9b54-10"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-023be73db5e7bed1425835f2d15581e05d4f9b54_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation web cs1">. ص. 83 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1996.0006">https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1996.0006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1996.0006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="قالب:استشهاد ويب">استشهاد ويب</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> بحاجة لعنوان (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#bare_url_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>) والوسيط <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> غير موجود أو فارغ (من ويكي بيانات) (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#citation_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-6003a1c14085a6da5412cfc78d6efe6e6476ad64-11"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-6003a1c14085a6da5412cfc78d6efe6e6476ad64_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://astronomische-gesellschaft.de/en/activities/awards/schwarzschild">https://astronomische-gesellschaft.de/en/activities/awards/schwarzschild</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fastronomische-gesellschaft.de%2Fen%2Factivities%2Fawards%2Fschwarzschild&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="قالب:استشهاد ويب">استشهاد ويب</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> بحاجة لعنوان (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#bare_url_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>) والوسيط <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> غير موجود أو فارغ (من ويكي بيانات) (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#citation_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-51141e1514645682d6bef19e42d5903d35bb761e-12"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-51141e1514645682d6bef19e42d5903d35bb761e_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="mwgadget-numconv-skip citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4/pubhtml?gid%3D1336391689%26single%3Dtrue">"Award winners : Copley Medal"</a> (بالإنجليزية). <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الجمعية الملكية">Royal Society</a>. Retrieved 2018-12-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Award+winners+%3A+Copley+Medal&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fspreadsheets%2Fd%2F1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4%2Fpubhtml%3Fgid%3D1336391689%26single%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-22933c35f01f3bfb95b71baab8d2b9ab6d927a53-13"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-22933c35f01f3bfb95b71baab8d2b9ab6d927a53_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="mwgadget-numconv-skip citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1983/">"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983"</a>. nobelprize.org (بالإنجليزية).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1983&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1983%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-ebdb7a06421dff23edb8788d6fafabb181551090-14"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-ebdb7a06421dff23edb8788d6fafabb181551090_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="mwgadget-numconv-skip citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/">"The Nobel Prize amounts"</a>. nobelprize.org (بالإنجليزية).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+amounts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fabout%2Famounts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-5d1436203433a08fb720fadf178dfcb4e4545719-15"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-5d1436203433a08fb720fadf178dfcb4e4545719_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite id="CITEREFSusan_D._Chira1979" class="mwgadget-numconv-skip citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Susan D. Chira (7 Jun 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1979/6/7/schmidt-friedman-cousteau-8-others-receive/">"Schmidt, Friedman, Cousteau, 8 Others Receive Honoraries at Commencement"</a>. <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="جريدة هارفارد كريمسون">The Harvard Crimson</a> (بالإنجليزية). <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ويكي بيانات">QID</a>:<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110969696" class="extiw" title="d:Q110969696">Q110969696</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Harvard+Crimson&rft.atitle=Schmidt%2C+Friedman%2C+Cousteau%2C+8+Others+Receive+Honoraries+at+Commencement&rft.date=1979-06-07&rft.au=Susan+D.+Chira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F1979%2F6%2F7%2Fschmidt-friedman-cousteau-8-others-receive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-197555d1f389aaeed5719781e5cd60f17246e114-16"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-197555d1f389aaeed5719781e5cd60f17246e114_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="mwgadget-numconv-skip citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/heineman.cfm">"Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics"</a> (بالإنجليزية). <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الجمعية الفيزيائية الأمريكية">American Physical Society</a>. Retrieved 2018-10-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dannie+Heineman+Prize+for+Mathematical+Physics&rft.pub=American+Physical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aps.org%2Fprograms%2Fhonors%2Fprizes%2Fheineman.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-384289f162d3c83a90960d6d5c9d3c0e5794e87d-17"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-384289f162d3c83a90960d6d5c9d3c0e5794e87d_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/henry-draper-medal.html">https://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/henry-draper-medal.html</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fprograms%2Fawards%2Fhenry-draper-medal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="قالب:استشهاد ويب">استشهاد ويب</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> بحاجة لعنوان (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#bare_url_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>) والوسيط <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> غير موجود أو فارغ (من ويكي بيانات) (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#citation_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-93dc24accc0fb7a4d22f3fdc98d18a2989a16e52-18"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-93dc24accc0fb7a4d22f3fdc98d18a2989a16e52_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.amacad.org/rumford-prize-recipients">https://www.amacad.org/rumford-prize-recipients</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Frumford-prize-recipients&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="قالب:استشهاد ويب">استشهاد ويب</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> بحاجة لعنوان (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#bare_url_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>) والوسيط <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> غير موجود أو فارغ (من ويكي بيانات) (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#citation_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-8cde5e890011dbed2d12de57b1f6eb4b4ac8b207-19"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-8cde5e890011dbed2d12de57b1f6eb4b4ac8b207_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://phys-astro.sonoma.edu/brucemedalists/subrahmanyan-chandrasekhar">https://phys-astro.sonoma.edu/brucemedalists/subrahmanyan-chandrasekhar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys-astro.sonoma.edu%2Fbrucemedalists%2Fsubrahmanyan-chandrasekhar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="قالب:استشهاد ويب">استشهاد ويب</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> بحاجة لعنوان (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#bare_url_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>) والوسيط <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> غير موجود أو فارغ (من ويكي بيانات) (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#citation_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-fa0155946f092317f772bf690452d0af1ca1a290-20"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-wikidata-fa0155946f092317f772bf690452d0af1ca1a290_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation web cs1">. ص. 81 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1996.0006">https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1996.0006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1996.0006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-redirect" title="قالب:استشهاد ويب">استشهاد ويب</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> بحاجة لعنوان (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#bare_url_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>) والوسيط <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> غير موجود أو فارغ (من ويكي بيانات) (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#citation_missing_title" title="مساعدة:أخطاء الاستشهاد">مساعدة</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-frs-21"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-frs_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite id="CITEREFTayler1996" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Roger_Tayler&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Roger Tayler (الصفحة غير موجودة)">Tayler، R. J.</a> (1996). "Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. 19 October 1910 – 21 August 1995". <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="مذكرات السير الذاتية لزملاء الجمعية الملكية">مذكرات السير الذاتية لزملاء الجمعية الملكية</a>. ج. 42: 80–94. <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="معرف الغرض الرقمي">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://doi.org/10.1098%252Frsbm.1996.0006">10.1098/rsbm.1996.0006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.atitle=Subrahmanyan+Chandrasekhar.+19+October+1910+%E2%80%93+21+August+1995&rft.volume=42&rft.pages=80-94&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1996.0006&rft.aulast=Tayler&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Osterbrock_1998_pp._658-665-22"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-Osterbrock_1998_pp._658-665_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite id="CITEREFOsterbrock1998" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Donald_Edward_Osterbrock&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="Donald Edward Osterbrock (الصفحة غير موجودة)">Osterbrock، Donald E.</a> (ديسمبر 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-american-philosophical-society_1998-12_142_4/page/658">"Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (19 October 1910-21 August 1995)"</a>. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. American Philosophical Society. ج. 142 ع. 4: 658–665. <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الرقم التسلسلي القياسي الدولي">ISSN</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-049X">0003-049X</a>. <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="جايستور">JSTOR</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3152289">3152289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=Subrahmanyan+Chandrasekhar+%2819+October+1910-21+August+1995%29&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=658-665&rft.date=1998-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3152289%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0003-049X&rft.aulast=Osterbrock&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_proceedings-of-the-american-philosophical-society_1998-12_142_4%2Fpage%2F658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"> (Registration or subscription required)</li> <li id="cite_note-:1-23"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-:1_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite id="CITEREFC.)1991" class="citation book cs1">C.)، Wali, K. C. (Kameshwar (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109070957/https://archive.org/details/chandrabiography0000wali/page/9">Chandra : a biography of S. Chandrasekhar</a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ص. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://archive.org/details/chandrabiography0000wali/page/9">9</a>. <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب">ISBN</a>:<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8/978-0226870540?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="خاص:مصادر كتاب/978-0226870540"><bdi>978-0226870540</bdi></a>. <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="مركز المكتبة الرقمية على الإنترنت">OCLC</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21297960">21297960</a>. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://archive.org/details/chandrabiography0000wali/page/9">الأصل</a> في 2020-01-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chandra+%3A+a+biography+of+S.+Chandrasekhar&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21297960&rft.isbn=978-0226870540&rft.aulast=C.%29&rft.aufirst=Wali%2C+K.+C.+%28Kameshwar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchandrabiography0000wali%2Fpage%2F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="قالب:استشهاد بكتاب">استشهاد بكتاب</a>}}</code>: صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (<a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF:_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9:_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="تصنيف:صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-currentscience-24"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-currentscience_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite id="CITEREFVishveshwara2000" class="citation journal cs1">Vishveshwara، C.V. (25 أبريل 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720161832/https://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/apr252000/generalia.pdf">"Leaves from an unwritten diary: S. Chandrasekhar, Reminiscences and Reflections"</a> (PDF). Current Science. ج. 78 ع. 8: 1025–1033. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/apr252000/generalia.pdf">الأصل</a> (PDF) في 2019-07-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Science&rft.atitle=Leaves+from+an+unwritten+diary%3A+S.+Chandrasekhar%2C+Reminiscences+and+Reflections&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1025-1033&rft.date=2000-04-25&rft.aulast=Vishveshwara&rft.aufirst=C.V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ias.ac.in%2Fcurrsci%2Fapr252000%2Fgeneralia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite id="CITEREFHorgan1994" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=John_Horgan_(American_journalist)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="new" title="John Horgan (American journalist) (الصفحة غير موجودة)">Horgan، J.</a> (1994). "Profile: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar—Confronting the Final Limit". <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="مجلة العلوم الأمريكية">ساينتفك أمريكان</a>. ج. 270 ع. 3: 32–33. <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="معرف الغرض الرقمي">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://doi.org/10.1038%252Fscientificamerican0394-32">10.1038/scientificamerican0394-32</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%83+%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Subrahmanyan+Chandrasekhar%E2%80%94Confronting+the+Final+Limit&rft.volume=270&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=32-33&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0394-32&rft.aulast=Horgan&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-standrews-26"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-standrews_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson,_E._F" class="citation web cs1">O'Connor، J. J.؛ Robertson, E. F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603180426/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Chandrasekhar.html">"Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar"</a>. Biographies. School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Chandrasekhar/">الأصل</a> في 2019-06-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographies&rft.atitle=Subrahmanyan+Chandrasekhar&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+E.+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FChandrasekhar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727135859/https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/chandra.html">"Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar"</a>. starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/chandra.html">الأصل</a> في 2019-07-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-10-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=Subrahmanyan+Chandrasekhar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstarchild.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fdocs%2FStarChild%2Fwhos_who_level2%2Fchandra.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="mwgadget-numconv-skip citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415151549/https://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/who-is-subrahmanyan-chandrasekhar-nobel-prize-winner-physics-4897568/">"Who was S Chandrasekhar?"</a>. The Indian Express (بالإنجليزية). 19 Oct 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/who-is-subrahmanyan-chandrasekhar-nobel-prize-winner-physics-4897568/">the original</a> on 2019-04-15. Retrieved 2019-01-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Who+was+S+Chandrasekhar%3F&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fwho-is%2Fwho-is-subrahmanyan-chandrasekhar-nobel-prize-winner-physics-4897568%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="mwgadget-numconv-skip citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321150344/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1983/chandrasekhar/biographical/">"Subramanyan Chandrasekhar Biographical"</a>. NobelPrize.org (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1983/chandrasekhar/biographical/">the original</a> on 2019-03-21. Retrieved 2019-09-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft.atitle=Subramanyan+Chandrasekhar+Biographical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fphysics%2F1983%2Fchandrasekhar%2Fbiographical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-:0_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901044401/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/chandrasekhar-google-honours-171018135910958.html">"S Chandrasekhar: Why Google honours him"</a>. www.aljazeera.com. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/19/s-chandrasekhar-why-google-honours-him-today">الأصل</a> في 2018-09-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-10-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=S+Chandrasekhar%3A+Why+Google+honours+him&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F10%2F19%2Fs-chandrasekhar-why-google-honours-him-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Chandra_bio_INSA-31"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-Chandra_bio_INSA_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68982381"><cite id="CITEREFTrehan1995" class="citation journal cs1">Trehan، Surindar Kumar (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108224852/http://insaindia.res.in/BM/BM23_0207.pdf">"Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 1910-1995"</a> (PDF). Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy. ج. 23: 101–119. مؤرشف من <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=http://insaindia.res.in/BM/BM23_0207.pdf">الأصل</a> (PDF) في 2020-01-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Indian+National+Science+Academy&rft.atitle=Subrahmanyan+Chandrasekhar+1910-1995&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=101-119&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Trehan&rft.aufirst=Surindar+Kumar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finsaindia.res.in%2FBM%2FBM23_0207.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="روابط_خارجية">روابط خارجية</h2> <a role="button" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="عدل القسم: روابط خارجية" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> عدل </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Subrahmanyan-Chandrasekhar">سوبرامانيان تشاندراشيكار</a> على موقع <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="الموسوعة البريطانية">الموسوعة البريطانية</a> (الإنجليزية)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id%3D00000006414">سوبرامانيان تشاندراشيكار</a> على موقع <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1_-_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="مونزينجر - أرشيف">مونزينجر</a> (الألمانية)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://musicbrainz.org/artist/fbcf18d1-a21e-4da1-8fd7-e22130d165ce">سوبرامانيان تشاندراشيكار</a> على موقع <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="ميوزك برينز">ميوزك برينز</a> (الإنجليزية)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://www.nndb.com/people/960/000099663/">سوبرامانيان تشاندراشيكار</a> على موقع <a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86_%D8%A5%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="إن إن دي بي">إن إن دي بي</a> (الإنجليزية)</li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68409654">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageleft{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{clear:left;float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{margin-left:1em}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68510355">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.1em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:25px;padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:25px;line-height:25px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:2px;width:190px;vertical-align:middle}</style> <div role="navigation" class="side-box side-box-left plainlinks sistersitebox"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67666675">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 30px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="30" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> في كومنز مواد ذات صلة بـ <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">سوبرامانيان تشاندراشيكار</a>. </div> </div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64177691">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68124052">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:right;border-right-width:2px;border-right-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:right;text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64177691"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68124052"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64177691"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68124052"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64177691"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68124052"> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64177691"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68124052"> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68268331">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:20ch;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}.mw-parser-output #bandeau-portail{clear:both;line-height:1.9em;padding:3px;margin:2px 0;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output #liste-portail{padding:3px;text-align:center;margin-right:0;clear:both}.mw-parser-output #liste-portail li,.mw-parser-output #bandeau-portail li{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .bandeau-portail-element{white-space:nowrap;margin:auto 1.5em}.mw-parser-output .bandeau-portail-icone{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .bandeau-portail-texte>a:nth-child(1){font-weight:700}.mw-parser-output .ns-14 #bandeau-portail{width:242px;float:left;font-size:96%;text-align:right;margin:0;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .ns-14 #bandeau-portail li{margin-right:-17px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .portalbox{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .pane{background:transparent}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint bandeau-portail" id="bandeau-portail"> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:P_vip.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="بوابة:أعلام">بوابة أعلام</a></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg/28px-Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3856" data-file-height="3870"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg/28px-Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg/42px-Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg/56px-Skylab_and_Earth_Limb_-_GPN-2000-001055.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="بوابة:الفضاء">بوابة الفضاء</a></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/28px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/28px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/42px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg/56px-Circle-icons-physics-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="بوابة:الفيزياء">بوابة الفيزياء</a></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Symbol_venus.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Symbol_venus.svg/28px-Symbol_venus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Symbol_venus.svg/28px-Symbol_venus.svg.png" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Symbol_venus.svg/42px-Symbol_venus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Symbol_venus.svg/56px-Symbol_venus.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="بوابة:المرأة">بوابة المرأة</a></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Flag_of_India.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 21px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" data-width="32" data-height="21" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="بوابة:الهند">بوابة الهند</a></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-width="32" data-height="17" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="بوابة:الولايات المتحدة">بوابة الولايات المتحدة</a></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Alfred_Nobel.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Alfred_Nobel.png/28px-Alfred_Nobel.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="318"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Alfred_Nobel.png/28px-Alfred_Nobel.png" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Alfred_Nobel.png/42px-Alfred_Nobel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Alfred_Nobel.png/56px-Alfred_Nobel.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="بوابة:جوائز نوبل">بوابة جوائز نوبل</a></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/28px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/28px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/42px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg/56px-Circle-icons-spaceshuttle.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="بوابة:رحلات فضائية">بوابة رحلات فضائية</a></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="124"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 21px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg.png" data-width="32" data-height="21" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg/48px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg/64px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics-ar.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="بوابة:رياضيات">بوابة رياضيات</a></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:P_space.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/P_space.png/32px-P_space.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="77" data-file-height="68"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/P_space.png/32px-P_space.png" data-width="32" data-height="28" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/P_space.png/48px-P_space.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/P_space.png/63px-P_space.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="بوابة:علم الفلك">بوابة علم الفلك</a></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Sciences_exactes.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/28px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/28px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/42px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/56px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="بوابة:علوم">بوابة علوم</a></li> <li class="bandeau-portail-element"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:He1523a.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/24px-He1523a.jpg" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="207"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/24px-He1523a.jpg" data-width="24" data-height="28" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/36px-He1523a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/49px-He1523a.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te" title="بوابة:نجوم">بوابة نجوم</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> مجلوبة من «<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%26oldid%3D69588420">https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=سوبرامانيان_تشاندراشيكار&oldid=69588420</a>» </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> آخر تعديل بتاريخ 14 فبراير 2025، في 10:17 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>اللغات</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="سابرامانين تشاندراسخار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سابرامانين تشاندراسخار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25A3%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25A8_%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%2596%25E0%25A7%25B0" title="সুব্ৰহ্মণ্যন চন্দ্ৰশেখৰ – الأسامية" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সুব্ৰহ্মণ্যন চন্দ্ৰশেখৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="الأسامية" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الأسترية" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="الأسترية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D9%2586_%25DA%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="سابراهمانین چاندراسکار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سابراهمانین چاندراسکار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Субраманьян Чандрасекар – الباشكيرية" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Субраманьян Чандрасекар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="الباشكيرية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2585%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Субрахманьян Чандрасекар – البيلاروسية" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Субрахманьян Чандрасекар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="البيلاروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Субраманиан Чандрасекар – البلغارية" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Субраманиан Чандрасекар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="البلغارية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25A3%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25A8_%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%2596%25E0%25A6%25B0" title="সুব্রহ্মণ্যন চন্দ্রশেখর – البنغالية" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুব্রহ্মণ্যন চন্দ্রশেখর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="البنغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الكتالانية" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="الكتالانية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – التشيكية" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="التشيكية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الدانمركية" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="الدانمركية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الألمانية" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A3%25CE%25BF%25CF%2585%25CE%25BC%25CF%2580%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BC%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B9%25CE%25AC%25CE%25BD_%25CE%25A4%25CF%2583%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CF%2584%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2583%25CE%25B5%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AC%25CF%2581" title="Σουμπραμανιάν Τσαντρασεκάρ – اليونانية" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σουμπραμανιάν Τσαντρασεκάρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="اليونانية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الإنجليزية" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="الإنجليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الإسبرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="الإسبرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الإسبانية" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="الإسبانية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الإستونية" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="الإستونية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الباسكية" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="الباسكية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25DA%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="سوبرامانیان چاندراسخار – الفارسية" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوبرامانیان چاندراسخار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="الفارسية" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الفنلندية" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="الفنلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الفرنسية" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="الفرنسية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanayan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subramanayan Chandrasekhar – الأيرلندية" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Subramanayan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="الأيرلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الجاليكية" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="الجاليكية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25B8%25E0%25AB%2581%25E0%25AA%25AC%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AA%25AE%25E0%25AA%25A3%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25AF%25E0%25AA%25A8_%25E0%25AA%259A%25E0%25AA%2582%25E0%25AA%25A6%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AA%25B6%25E0%25AB%2587%25E0%25AA%2596%25E0%25AA%25B0" title="સુબ્રમણ્યન ચંદ્રશેખર – الغوجاراتية" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સુબ્રમણ્યન ચંદ્રશેખર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="الغوجاراتية" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الهاكا الصينية" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="الهاكا الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A1%25D7%2595%25D7%2591%25D7%25A8%25D7%2594%25D7%259E%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%2590%25D7%259F_%25D7%25A6%2527%25D7%25A0%25D7%2593%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%25A1%25D7%25A7%25D7%2590%25D7%25A8" title="סוברהמניאן צ'נדראסקאר – العبرية" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוברהמניאן צ'נדראסקאר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="العبرية" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D_%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="सुब्रह्मण्यन् चन्द्रशेखर – الهندية" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सुब्रह्मण्यन् चन्द्रशेखर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="الهندية" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الكرواتية" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="الكرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الكريولية الهايتية" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="الكريولية الهايتية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الهنغارية" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="الهنغارية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258D%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A2%25D5%25BC%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B0%25D5%25B4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25B5%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D5%2589%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A4%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A5%25D5%25AF%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580" title="Սուբռահմանյան Չանդրասեկհար – الأرمنية" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուբռահմանյան Չանդրասեկհար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="الأرمنية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – اللّغة الوسيطة" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="اللّغة الوسيطة" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الإندونيسية" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="الإندونيسية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الإيدو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="الإيدو" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الإيطالية" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="الإيطالية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2583%2596%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%259E%25E3%2583%258B%25E3%2582%25A2%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2583%2581%25E3%2583%25A3%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2589%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2582%25BB%25E3%2582%25AB%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%25AB" title="スブラマニアン・チャンドラセカール – اليابانية" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スブラマニアン・チャンドラセカール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="اليابانية" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25B0%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C_%25E1%2583%25A9%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598" title="სუბრაჰმანიან ჩანდრასეკარი – الجورجية" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სუბრაჰმანიან ჩანდრასეკარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="الجورجية" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Субраманьян Чандрасекар – الكازاخستانية" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Субраманьян Чандрасекар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="الكازاخستانية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%2581%25E0%25B2%25AC%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25B9%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B2%25A3%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B3%258D_%25E0%25B2%259A%25E0%25B2%2582%25E0%25B2%25A6%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25B6%25E0%25B3%2587%25E0%25B2%2596%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%258D" title="ಸುಬ್ರಹ್ಮಣ್ಯನ್ ಚಂದ್ರಶೇಖರ್ – الكانادا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸುಬ್ರಹ್ಮಣ್ಯನ್ ಚಂದ್ರಶೇಖರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="الكانادا" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2588%2598%25EB%25B8%258C%25EB%259D%25BC%25EB%25A7%2588%25EB%258B%2588%25EC%2595%2588_%25EC%25B0%25AC%25EB%2593%259C%25EB%259D%25BC%25EC%2584%25B8%25EC%25B9%25B4%25EB%25A5%25B4" title="수브라마니안 찬드라세카르 – الكورية" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수브라마니안 찬드라세카르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="الكورية" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subramanyan Chandrasekhar – اللاتينية" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Subramanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="اللاتينية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الليتوانية" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="الليتوانية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanjans_%25C4%258Candrasekars" title="Subrahmanjans Čandrasekars – اللاتفية" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Subrahmanjans Čandrasekars" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="اللاتفية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="सुब्रह्मण्यन चन्द्रशेखर – المايثيلي" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सुब्रह्मण्यन चन्द्रशेखर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="المايثيلي" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Субраманијан Чандрасекар – المقدونية" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Субраманијан Чандрасекар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="المقدونية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%25AC%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25B9%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%25A3%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%2582_%25E0%25B4%259A%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A6%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25B6%25E0%25B5%2587%25E0%25B4%2596%25E0%25B5%25BC" title="സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം ചന്ദ്രശേഖർ – المالايالامية" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യം ചന്ദ്രശേഖർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="المالايالامية" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="सुब्रह्मण्यन चंद्रशेखर – الماراثية" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सुब्रह्मण्यन चंद्रशेखर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="الماراثية" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الماليزية" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="الماليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D9%2586_%25DA%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="سابراهمانین چاندراسکار – المازندرانية" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سابراهمانین چاندراسکار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="المازندرانية" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="सुब्रमन्यन चन्द्रसेखर – النوارية" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सुब्रमन्यन चन्द्रसेखर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="النوارية" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subramanyan Chandrasekhar – الهولندية" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Subramanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="الهولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – النرويجية نينورسك" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="النرويجية نينورسك" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subramanyan Chandrasekhar – النرويجية بوكمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Subramanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="النرويجية بوكمال" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الأوكسيتانية" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="الأوكسيتانية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A9%2581%25E0%25A8%25AC%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%2585%25E0%25A8%25AE_%25E0%25A8%259A%25E0%25A9%25B0%25E0%25A8%25A6%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A9%2587%25E0%25A8%2596%25E0%25A8%25B0" title="ਸੁਬਰਾਮਨੀਅਮ ਚੰਦਰਸ਼ੇਖਰ – البنجابية" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੁਬਰਾਮਨੀਅਮ ਚੰਦਰਸ਼ੇਖਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="البنجابية" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – البولندية" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="البولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D9%2586_%25DA%2586%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25DA%25BE%25D8%25B1" title="سبرامنین چندراشیکھر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سبرامنین چندراشیکھر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – البرتغالية" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="البرتغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الرومانية" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="الرومانية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2585%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Субрахманьян Чандрасекар – الروسية" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Субрахманьян Чандрасекар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="الروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D_%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="सुब्रह्मण्यन् चन्द्रशेखर – السنسكريتية" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सुब्रह्मण्यन् चन्द्रशेखर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="السنسكريتية" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanijan_%25C4%258Candrasekar" title="Subramanijan Čandrasekar – صربية-كرواتية" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Subramanijan Čandrasekar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="صربية-كرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – السلوفاكية" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="السلوفاكية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – السلوفانية" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="السلوفانية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Субраманијан Чандрасекар – الصربية" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Субраманијан Чандрасекар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="الصربية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subramanyan Chandrasekhar – السويدية" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Subramanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="السويدية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – السواحلية" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="السواحلية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%25A3%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25A8%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2587%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%258D" title="சுப்பிரமணியன் சந்திரசேகர் – التاميلية" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுப்பிரமணியன் சந்திரசேகர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="التاميلية" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%2581%25E0%25B2%25AC%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B2%25A3%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B3%258D_%25E0%25B2%259A%25E0%25B2%2582%25E0%25B2%25A6%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25B6%25E0%25B3%2587%25E0%25B2%2596%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%258D" title="ಸುಬ್ರಮಣ್ಯನ್ ಚಂದ್ರಶೇಖರ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಸುಬ್ರಮಣ್ಯನ್ ಚಂದ್ರಶೇಖರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B1%2581%25E0%25B0%25AC%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25B9%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B0%25A3%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B1%258D_%25E0%25B0%259A%25E0%25B0%2582%25E0%25B0%25A6%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25B6%25E0%25B1%2587%25E0%25B0%2596%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%258D" title="సుబ్రహ్మణ్యన్ చంద్రశేఖర్ – التيلوغوية" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సుబ్రహ్మణ్యన్ చంద్రశేఖర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="التيلوغوية" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B8%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2593%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599_%25E0%25B8%2588%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%2582%25E0%25B8%25A3" title="สุพรหมัณยัน จันทรเศขร – التايلاندية" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สุพรหมัณยัน จันทรเศขร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="التايلاندية" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – التركية" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="التركية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Субраманьян Чандрасекар – التترية" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Субраманьян Чандрасекар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="التترية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Субраманьян Чандрасекар – الأوكرانية" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Субраманьян Чандрасекар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="الأوكرانية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D9%2586_%25DA%2586%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25DA%25A9%25DA%25BE%25D8%25B1" title="سبرامنین چندرشیکھر – الأوردية" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سبرامنین چندرشیکھر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="الأوردية" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الأوزبكية" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="الأوزبكية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – الفيتنامية" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="الفيتنامية" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B8%2583%25E6%258B%2589%25E9%25A9%25AC%25E5%25B0%25BC%25E6%2589%25AC%25C2%25B7%25E9%2592%25B1%25E5%25BE%25B7%25E6%258B%2589%25E5%25A1%259E%25E5%258D%25A1" title="苏布拉马尼扬·钱德拉塞卡 – الوو الصينية" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="苏布拉马尼扬·钱德拉塞卡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="الوو الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25B0%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C_%25E1%2583%25A9%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598" title="სუბრაჰმანიან ჩანდრასეკარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სუბრაჰმანიან ჩანდრასეკარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – اليوروبا" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="اليوروبا" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B8%2583%25E6%258B%2589%25E9%25A9%25AC%25E5%25B0%25BC%25E6%2589%25AC%25C2%25B7%25E9%2592%25B1%25E5%25BE%25B7%25E6%258B%2589%25E5%25A1%259E%25E5%258D%25A1" title="苏布拉马尼扬·钱德拉塞卡 – الصينية" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="苏布拉马尼扬·钱德拉塞卡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – مين-نان الصينية" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="مين-نان الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%258C%25A2%25E5%25BE%25B7%25E6%258B%2589%25E9%258C%25AB%25E5%258D%25A1" title="錢德拉錫卡 – الكَنْتُونية" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="錢德拉錫卡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="الكَنْتُونية" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ar.svg" alt="ويكيبيديا" width="112" height="39" style="width: 7em; height: 2.4375em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">آخر تعديل لهذه الصفحة كان يوم 14 فبراير 2025، الساعة 10:17.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">المحتوى متاح وفق <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ar">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> ما لم يرد خلاف ذلك.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/ar">سياسة الخصوصية</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B9%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te">حول ويكيبيديا</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://ar-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=te&_x_tr_hl=te">إخلاء مسؤولية</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">القواعد السلوكية</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">المطورون</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/ar.wikipedia.org">إحصائيات</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">بيان تعريف الارتباطات</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">شروط الاستخدام</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=te&hl=te&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">سطح المكتب</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78657f6676-slg6c","wgBackendResponseTime":296,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.067","walltime":"4.068","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14162,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":708931,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":75109,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":110,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":204384,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":96,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3503.012 1 -total"," 83.97% 2941.614 1 قالب:معلومات_عالم"," 83.37% 2920.398 1 قالب:صندوق_معلومات_شخص"," 47.03% 1647.316 124 قالب:ص.م/سطر_مختلط_اختياري"," 30.61% 1072.131 1 قالب:صندوق_معلومات_شخص/معلومات_شخصية"," 30.55% 1070.162 50 قالب:ص.م/سطر_مختلط_اختياري_ويكي_بيانات2"," 25.82% 904.589 11 قالب:قيمة_ويكي_بيانات"," 14.73% 516.015 3 قالب:مداخل_على_سطور"," 13.94% 488.232 9 قالب:ص.م/عنوان_فرعي_اختياري"," 12.27% 429.978 1 قالب:ص.م/سطر_جوائز_ويكي_بيانات"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.123","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24308889,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"([[اللغة التاميلية|بالتاميلية]]: \u003Cspan lang=\"ta\"\u003Eசுப்பிரமணியன் சந்திரசேகர்\u003C/span\u003E[[تصنيف:مقالات تحوي نصا بالتاميلية]])\nhas_death_date\t21 أغسطس 1995\nreview \"أكاديمية العلوم الوطنية الهندية\", id: Q2095524\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","560","22.2"],["?","480","19.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","440","17.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","180","7.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","160","6.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","120","4.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getLabelByLanguage","80","3.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::formatDate","60","2.4"],["type","60","2.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","1.6"],["[others]","340","13.5"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-65f6f8bc65-ds5gw","timestamp":"20250226084820","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631","url":"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q148109","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q148109","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-10-27T21:12:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/67\/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar.gif","headline":"\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-mw-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('ar', 'te', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=te&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>