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Metadata in HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/HTML_text_fundamentals">HTML text fundamentals</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Creating_hyperlinks">Creating hyperlinks</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Advanced_text_formatting">Advanced text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Document_and_website_structure">Document and website structure</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Debugging_HTML">Debugging HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Marking_up_a_letter">Assessment: Marking up a letter</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Structuring_a_page_of_content">Assessment: Structuring a page of content</a></li> </ol> </details> </li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Multimedia and embedding</summary> <ol> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding">Multimedia and embedding overview</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Images_in_HTML">Images in HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Video_and_audio_content">Video and audio content</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Other_embedding_technologies">From object to iframe — other embedding technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web">Adding vector graphics to the web</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Responsive_images">Responsive images</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Mozilla_splash_page">Assessment: Mozilla splash page</a></li> </ol> </details> </li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>HTML tables</summary> <ol> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables">HTML tables overview</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Basics">HTML table basics</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Advanced">HTML table advanced features and accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Structuring_planet_data">Assessment: Structuring planet data</a></li> </ol> </details> </li> <li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference">References</a></li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>HTML elements</summary> <ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a"><code><a></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/abbr"><code><abbr></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/acronym"><code><acronym></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/address"><code><address></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/area"><code><area></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/article"><code><article></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/aside"><code><aside></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/audio"><code><audio></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/b"><code><b></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/base"><code><base></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/bdi"><code><bdi></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/bdo"><code><bdo></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/big"><code><big></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/blockquote"><code><blockquote></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/body"><code><body></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/br"><code><br></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/button"><code><button></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/canvas"><code><canvas></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/caption"><code><caption></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/center"><code><center></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/cite"><code><cite></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/code"><code><code></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/col"><code><col></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/colgroup"><code><colgroup></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/data"><code><data></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/datalist"><code><datalist></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/dd"><code><dd></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/del"><code><del></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/details"><code><details></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/dfn"><code><dfn></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/dialog"><code><dialog></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/dir"><code><dir></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/div"><code><div></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/dl"><code><dl></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/dt"><code><dt></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/em"><code><em></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/embed"><code><embed></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/fencedframe"><code><fencedframe></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/fieldset"><code><fieldset></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/figcaption"><code><figcaption></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/figure"><code><figure></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/font"><code><font></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/footer"><code><footer></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/form"><code><form></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/frame"><code><frame></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/frameset"><code><frameset></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/Heading_Elements"><code><h1></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/head"><code><head></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/header"><code><header></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/hgroup"><code><hgroup></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/hr"><code><hr></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/html"><code><html></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/i"><code><i></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/iframe"><code><iframe></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img"><code><img></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input"><code><input></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ins"><code><ins></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/kbd"><code><kbd></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/label"><code><label></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/legend"><code><legend></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/li"><code><li></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/link"><code><link></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/main"><code><main></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/map"><code><map></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/mark"><code><mark></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/marquee"><code><marquee></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/menu"><code><menu></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/meta"><code><meta></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/meter"><code><meter></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/nav"><code><nav></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/nobr"><code><nobr></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/noembed"><code><noembed></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/noframes"><code><noframes></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/noscript"><code><noscript></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/object"><code><object></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ol"><code><ol></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/optgroup"><code><optgroup></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/option"><code><option></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/output"><code><output></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/p"><code><p></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/param"><code><param></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/picture"><code><picture></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/plaintext"><code><plaintext></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/portal"><code><portal></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/pre"><code><pre></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/progress"><code><progress></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/q"><code><q></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/rb"><code><rb></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/rp"><code><rp></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/rt"><code><rt></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/rtc"><code><rtc></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ruby"><code><ruby></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/s"><code><s></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/samp"><code><samp></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/script"><code><script></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/search"><code><search></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/section"><code><section></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/select"><code><select></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/slot"><code><slot></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/small"><code><small></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/source"><code><source></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/span"><code><span></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/strike"><code><strike></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/strong"><code><strong></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/style"><code><style></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/sub"><code><sub></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/summary"><code><summary></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/sup"><code><sup></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/table"><code><table></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/tbody"><code><tbody></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/td"><code><td></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/template"><code><template></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/textarea"><code><textarea></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/tfoot"><code><tfoot></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/th"><code><th></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/thead"><code><thead></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/time"><code><time></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/title"><code><title></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/tr"><code><tr></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/track"><code><track></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/tt"><code><tt></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/u"><code><u></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ul"><code><ul></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/var"><code><var></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/video"><code><video></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/wbr"><code><wbr></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/xmp"><code><xmp></code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li></ol> </details> </li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Global attributes</summary> <ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/accesskey"><code>accesskey</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/anchor"><code>anchor</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/autocapitalize"><code>autocapitalize</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/autocorrect"><code>autocorrect</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/autofocus"><code>autofocus</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/class"><code>class</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/contenteditable"><code>contenteditable</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/data-*"><code>data-*</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/dir"><code>dir</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/draggable"><code>draggable</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/enterkeyhint"><code>enterkeyhint</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/exportparts"><code>exportparts</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/hidden"><code>hidden</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/id"><code>id</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/inert"><code>inert</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/inputmode"><code>inputmode</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/is"><code>is</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/itemid"><code>itemid</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/itemprop"><code>itemprop</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/itemref"><code>itemref</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/itemscope"><code>itemscope</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/itemtype"><code>itemtype</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/lang"><code>lang</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/nonce"><code>nonce</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/part"><code>part</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/popover"><code>popover</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/slot"><code>slot</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/spellcheck"><code>spellcheck</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/style"><code>style</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/tabindex"><code>tabindex</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/title"><code>title</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/translate"><code>translate</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/virtualkeyboardpolicy"><code>virtualkeyboardpolicy</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/writingsuggestions"><code>writingsuggestions</code></a></li></ol> </details> </li> <li class="toggle"> <details> <summary>Attributes</summary> <ol> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/accept">accept</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/autocomplete">autocomplete</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/capture">capture</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/crossorigin">crossorigin</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/dirname">dirname</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/disabled">disabled</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/elementtiming">elementtiming</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/for">for</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/max">max</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/maxlength">maxlength</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/min">min</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/minlength">minlength</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/multiple">multiple</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/pattern">pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/placeholder">placeholder</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/readonly">readonly</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/rel">rel</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/required">required</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/size">size</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/step">step</a></li> </ol> </details> </li> <li class="toggle"> <details open=""> <summary><code><input></code> types</summary> <ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/button"><code><input type="button"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/checkbox"><code><input type="checkbox"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/color"><code><input type="color"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/date"><code><input type="date"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/datetime-local"><code><input type="datetime-local"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/email"><code><input type="email"></code></a></li><li><em><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/file" aria-current="page"><code><input type="file"></code></a></em></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/hidden"><code><input type="hidden"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/image"><code><input type="image"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/month"><code><input type="month"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/number"><code><input type="number"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/password"><code><input type="password"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/radio"><code><input type="radio"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/range"><code><input type="range"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/reset"><code><input type="reset"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/search"><code><input type="search"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/submit"><code><input type="submit"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/tel"><code><input type="tel"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/text"><code><input type="text"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/time"><code><input type="time"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/url"><code><input type="url"></code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/week"><code><input type="week"></code></a></li></ol> </details> </li> <li class="section no-link">Guides</li> <li> <ol> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Content_categories">Content categories</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/Block-level_content">Block-level elements</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/Inline-level_content">Inline elements</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Quirks_Mode_and_Standards_Mode">Quirks Mode and Standards Mode</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Date_and_time_formats">Date and time formats used in HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Constraint_validation">Constraint validation</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Microdata">Microdata</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/microformats">Microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Viewport_meta_tag">Viewport meta tag</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/CORS_enabled_image">Allowing cross-origin use of images and canvas</a></li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div></div><section class="place side"></section></nav></aside><div class="toc-container"><aside class="toc"><nav><div class="document-toc-container"><section class="document-toc"><header><h2 class="document-toc-heading">In this article</h2></header><ul class="document-toc-list"><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#try_it">Try it</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#value">Value</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#additional_attributes">Additional attributes</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#non-standard_attributes">Non-standard attributes</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#unique_file_type_specifiers">Unique file type specifiers</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#using_file_inputs">Using file inputs</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#examples">Examples</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#technical_summary">Technical summary</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#specifications">Specifications</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#see_also">See also</a></li></ul></section></div></nav></aside><section class="place side"></section></div></div><main id="content" class="main-content "><article class="main-page-content" lang="en-US"><header><h1><input type="file"></h1><details class="baseline-indicator high"><summary><span class="indicator" role="img" aria-label="Baseline Check"></span><h2>Baseline <span class="not-bold">Widely available</span></h2><div class="browsers"><span class="engine" title="Supported in Chrome and Edge"><span class="browser chrome supported" role="img" aria-label="Chrome check"></span><span class="browser edge supported" role="img" aria-label="Edge check"></span></span><span class="engine" title="Supported in Firefox"><span class="browser firefox supported" role="img" aria-label="Firefox check"></span></span><span class="engine" title="Supported in Safari"><span class="browser safari supported" role="img" aria-label="Safari check"></span></span></div><span class="icon icon-chevron "></span></summary><div class="extra"><p>This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.</p><ul><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/Baseline/Compatibility" data-glean="baseline_link_learn_more" target="_blank" class="learn-more">Learn more</a></li><li><a href="#browser_compatibility" data-glean="baseline_link_bcd_table">See full compatibility</a></li><li><a href="https://survey.alchemer.com/s3/7634825/MDN-baseline-feedback?page=%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FWeb%2FHTML%2FElement%2Finput%2Ffile&level=high" data-glean="baseline_link_feedback" class="feedback-link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Report feedback</a></li></ul></div></details></header><div class="section-content"><p><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input"><code><input></code></a> elements with <strong><code>type="file"</code></strong> let the user choose one or more files from their device storage. Once chosen, the files can be uploaded to a server using <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms">form submission</a>, or manipulated using JavaScript code and <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_API/Using_files_from_web_applications">the File API</a>.</p></div><section aria-labelledby="try_it"><h2 id="try_it"><a href="#try_it">Try it</a></h2><div class="section-content"><iframe class="interactive is-tabbed-shorter-height" height="200" src="https://interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net/pages/tabbed/input-file.html" title="MDN Web Docs Interactive Example" allow="clipboard-write" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></section><section aria-labelledby="value"><h2 id="value"><a href="#value">Value</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>A file input's <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#value"><code>value</code></a> attribute contains a string that represents the path to the selected file(s). If no file is selected yet, the value is an empty string (<code>""</code>). When the user selected multiple files, the <code>value</code> represents the first file in the list of files they selected. The other files can be identified using the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_API/Using_files_from_web_applications#getting_information_about_selected_files">input's <code>HTMLInputElement.files</code> property</a>.</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> The value is <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#fakepath-srsly" class="external" target="_blank">always the file's name prefixed with <code>C:\fakepath\</code></a>, which isn't the real path of the file. This is to prevent malicious software from guessing the user's file structure.</p> </div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="additional_attributes"><h2 id="additional_attributes"><a href="#additional_attributes">Additional attributes</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>In addition to the common attributes shared by all <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input"><code><input></code></a> elements, inputs of type <code>file</code> also support the following attributes.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="accept"><h3 id="accept"><a href="#accept">accept</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>The <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/accept"><code>accept</code></a> attribute value is a string that defines the file types the file input should accept. This string is a comma-separated list of <strong><a href="#unique_file_type_specifiers">unique file type specifiers</a></strong>. Because a given file type may be identified in more than one manner, it's useful to provide a thorough set of type specifiers when you need files of a given format.</p> <p>For instance, there are a number of ways Microsoft Word files can be identified, so a site that accepts Word files might use an <code><input></code> like this:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><input type="file" id="docpicker" accept=".doc,.docx,.xml,application/msword,application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document" /> </code></pre></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="capture"><h3 id="capture"><a href="#capture">capture</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>The <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/capture"><code>capture</code></a> attribute value is a string that specifies which camera to use for capture of image or video data, if the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/accept"><code>accept</code></a> attribute indicates that the input should be of one of those types. A value of <code>user</code> indicates that the user-facing camera and/or microphone should be used. A value of <code>environment</code> specifies that the outward-facing camera and/or microphone should be used. If this attribute is missing, the <a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/User_agent">user agent</a> is free to decide on its own what to do. If the requested facing mode isn't available, the user agent may fall back to its preferred default mode.</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> <code>capture</code> was previously a Boolean attribute which, if present, requested that the device's media capture device(s) such as camera or microphone be used instead of requesting a file input.</p> </div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="multiple"><h3 id="multiple"><a href="#multiple">multiple</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>When the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/multiple"><code>multiple</code></a> Boolean attribute is specified, the file input allows the user to select more than one file.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="non-standard_attributes"><h2 id="non-standard_attributes"><a href="#non-standard_attributes">Non-standard attributes</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>In addition to the attributes listed above, the following non-standard attributes are available on some browsers. You should try to avoid using them when possible, since doing so will limit the ability of your code to function in browsers that don't implement them.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="webkitdirectory"><h3 id="webkitdirectory"><a href="#webkitdirectory"><code>webkitdirectory</code></a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>The Boolean <code>webkitdirectory</code> attribute, if present, indicates that only directories should be available to be selected by the user in the file picker interface. See <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLInputElement/webkitdirectory"><code>HTMLInputElement.webkitdirectory</code></a> for additional details and examples.</p> <p>Though originally implemented only for WebKit-based browsers, <code>webkitdirectory</code> is also usable in Firefox. However, even though it has relatively broad support, it is still not standard and should not be used unless you have no alternative.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="unique_file_type_specifiers"><h2 id="unique_file_type_specifiers"><a href="#unique_file_type_specifiers">Unique file type specifiers</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>A <strong>unique file type specifier</strong> is a string that describes a type of file that may be selected by the user in an <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input"><code><input></code></a> element of type <code>file</code>. Each unique file type specifier may take one of the following forms:</p> <ul> <li>A valid case-insensitive filename extension, starting with a period (".") character. For example: <code>.jpg</code>, <code>.pdf</code>, or <code>.doc</code>.</li> <li>A valid MIME type string, with no extensions.</li> <li>The string <code>audio/*</code> meaning "any audio file".</li> <li>The string <code>video/*</code> meaning "any video file".</li> <li>The string <code>image/*</code> meaning "any image file".</li> </ul> <p>The <code>accept</code> attribute takes a string containing one or more of these unique file type specifiers as its value, separated by commas. For example, a file picker that needs content that can be presented as an image, including both standard image formats and PDF files, might look like this:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><input type="file" accept="image/*,.pdf" /> </code></pre></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="using_file_inputs"><h2 id="using_file_inputs"><a href="#using_file_inputs">Using file inputs</a></h2><div class="section-content"></div></section><section aria-labelledby="a_basic_example"><h3 id="a_basic_example"><a href="#a_basic_example">A basic example</a></h3><div class="section-content"><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <div> <label for="file">Choose file to upload</label> <input type="file" id="file" name="file" multiple /> </div> <div> <button>Submit</button> </div> </form> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden notranslate"><code>div { margin-bottom: 10px; } </code></pre></div> <p>This produces the following output:</p><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="A basic example sample" id="frame_a_basic_example" width="650" height="90" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/file" data-live-id="a_basic_example" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> You can find this example on GitHub too — see the <a href="https://github.com/mdn/learning-area/blob/main/html/forms/file-examples/simple-file.html" class="external" target="_blank">source code</a>, and also <a href="https://mdn.github.io/learning-area/html/forms/file-examples/simple-file.html" class="external" target="_blank">see it running live</a>.</p> </div> <p>Regardless of the user's device or operating system, the file input provides a button that opens up a file picker dialog that allows the user to choose a file.</p> <p>Including the <a href="#multiple"><code>multiple</code></a> attribute, as shown above, specifies that multiple files can be chosen at once. The user can choose multiple files from the file picker in any way that their chosen platform allows (e.g. by holding down <kbd>Shift</kbd> or <kbd>Control</kbd> and then clicking). If you only want the user to choose a single file per <code><input></code>, omit the <code>multiple</code> attribute.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="getting_information_on_selected_files"><h3 id="getting_information_on_selected_files"><a href="#getting_information_on_selected_files">Getting information on selected files</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>The selected files' are returned by the element's <code>HTMLInputElement.files</code> property, which is a <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/FileList"><code>FileList</code></a> object containing a list of <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/File"><code>File</code></a> objects. The <code>FileList</code> behaves like an array, so you can check its <code>length</code> property to get the number of selected files.</p> <p>Each <code>File</code> object contains the following information:</p> <dl> <dt id="name"><a href="#name"><code>name</code></a></dt> <dd> <p>The file's name.</p> </dd> <dt id="lastmodified"><a href="#lastmodified"><code>lastModified</code></a></dt> <dd> <p>A number specifying the date and time at which the file was last modified, in milliseconds since the UNIX epoch (January 1, 1970, at midnight).</p> </dd> <dt id="lastmodifieddate"><a href="#lastmodifieddate"><code>lastModifiedDate</code></a> <abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></dt> <dd> <p>A <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date"><code>Date</code></a> object representing the date and time at which the file was last modified. <em>This is deprecated and should not be used. Use <code>lastModified</code> instead.</em></p> </dd> <dt id="size"><a href="#size"><code>size</code></a></dt> <dd> <p>The size of the file in bytes.</p> </dd> <dt id="type"><a href="#type"><code>type</code></a></dt> <dd> <p>The file's <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/MIME_types">MIME type</a>.</p> </dd> <dt id="webkitrelativepath"><a href="#webkitrelativepath"><code>webkitRelativePath</code></a> <abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></dt> <dd> <p>A string specifying the file's path relative to the base directory selected in a directory picker (that is, a <code>file</code> picker in which the <a href="#webkitdirectory"><code>webkitdirectory</code></a> attribute is set). <em>This is non-standard and should be used with caution.</em></p> </dd> </dl></div></section><section aria-labelledby="limiting_accepted_file_types"><h3 id="limiting_accepted_file_types"><a href="#limiting_accepted_file_types">Limiting accepted file types</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>Often you won't want the user to be able to pick any arbitrary type of file; instead, you often want them to select files of a specific type or types. For example, if your file input lets users upload a profile picture, you probably want them to select web-compatible image formats, such as <a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/JPEG">JPEG</a> or <a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/PNG">PNG</a>.</p> <p>Acceptable file types can be specified with the <a href="#accept"><code>accept</code></a> attribute, which takes a comma-separated list of allowed file extensions or MIME types. Some examples:</p> <ul> <li><code>accept="image/png"</code> or <code>accept=".png"</code> — Accepts PNG files.</li> <li><code>accept="image/png, image/jpeg"</code> or <code>accept=".png, .jpg, .jpeg"</code> — Accept PNG or JPEG files.</li> <li><code>accept="image/*"</code> — Accept any file with an <code>image/*</code> MIME type. (Many mobile devices also let the user take a picture with the camera when this is used.)</li> <li><code>accept=".doc,.docx,.xml,application/msword,application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"</code> — accept anything that smells like an MS Word document.</li> </ul> <p>Let's look at a more complete example:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <div> <label for="profile_pic">Choose file to upload</label> <input type="file" id="profile_pic" name="profile_pic" accept=".jpg, .jpeg, .png" /> </div> <div> <button>Submit</button> </div> </form> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden notranslate"><code>div { margin-bottom: 10px; } </code></pre></div> <p>This produces a similar-looking output to the previous example:</p><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="Limiting accepted file types sample" id="frame_limiting_accepted_file_types" width="650" height="90" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/file" data-live-id="limiting_accepted_file_types" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> You can find this example on GitHub too — see the <a href="https://github.com/mdn/learning-area/blob/main/html/forms/file-examples/file-with-accept.html" class="external" target="_blank">source code</a>, and also <a href="https://mdn.github.io/learning-area/html/forms/file-examples/file-with-accept.html" class="external" target="_blank">see it running live</a>.</p> </div> <p>It may look similar, but if you try selecting a file with this input, you'll see that the file picker only lets you select the file types specified in the <code>accept</code> value (the exact interface differs across browsers and operating systems).</p> <p>The <code>accept</code> attribute doesn't validate the types of the selected files; it provides hints for browsers to guide users towards selecting the correct file types. It is still possible (in most cases) for users to toggle an option in the file chooser that makes it possible to override this and select any file they wish, and then choose incorrect file types.</p> <p>Because of this, you should make sure that the <code>accept</code> attribute is backed up by appropriate server-side validation.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="detecting_cancellations"><h3 id="detecting_cancellations"><a href="#detecting_cancellations">Detecting cancellations</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>The <code>cancel</code> event is fired when the user does not change their selection, reselecting the previously selected files. The <code>cancel</code> event is also fired when the file picker dialog gets closed, or canceled, via the "cancel" button or the <kbd>escape</kbd> key.</p> <p>For example, the following code will log to the console if the user closes the popup without selecting a file:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>const elem = document.createElement("input"); elem.type = "file"; elem.addEventListener("cancel", () => { console.log("Cancelled."); }); elem.addEventListener("change", () => { if (elem.files.length == 1) { console.log("File selected: ", elem.files[0]); } }); elem.click(); </code></pre></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="notes"><h3 id="notes"><a href="#notes">Notes</a></h3><div class="section-content"><ol> <li> <p>You cannot set the value of a file picker from a script — doing something like the following has no effect:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>const input = document.querySelector("input[type=file]"); input.value = "foo"; </code></pre></div> </li> <li> <p>When a file is chosen using an <code><input type="file"></code>, the real path to the source file is not shown in the input's <code>value</code> attribute for obvious security reasons. Instead, the filename is shown, with <code>C:\fakepath\</code> prepended to it. There are some historical reasons for this quirk, but it is supported across all modern browsers, and in fact is <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#fakepath-srsly" class="external" target="_blank">defined in the spec</a>.</p> </li> </ol></div></section><section aria-labelledby="examples"><h2 id="examples"><a href="#examples">Examples</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>In this example, we'll present a slightly more advanced file chooser that takes advantage of the file information available in the <code>HTMLInputElement.files</code> property, as well as showing off a few clever tricks.</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> You can see the complete source code for this example on GitHub — <a href="https://github.com/mdn/learning-area/blob/main/html/forms/file-examples/file-example.html" class="external" target="_blank">file-example.html</a> (<a href="https://mdn.github.io/learning-area/html/forms/file-examples/file-example.html" class="external" target="_blank">see it live also</a>). We won't explain the CSS; the JavaScript is the main focus.</p> </div> <p>First of all, let's look at the HTML:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <div> <label for="image_uploads">Choose images to upload (PNG, JPG)</label> <input type="file" id="image_uploads" name="image_uploads" accept=".jpg, .jpeg, .png" multiple /> </div> <div class="preview"> <p>No files currently selected for upload</p> </div> <div> <button>Submit</button> </div> </form> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden notranslate"><code>html { font-family: sans-serif; } form { background: #ccc; margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; border: 1px solid black; } form ol { padding-left: 0; } form li, div > p { background: #eee; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin-bottom: 10px; list-style-type: none; border: 1px solid black; } form img { height: 64px; order: 1; } form p { line-height: 32px; padding-left: 10px; } form label, form button { background-color: #7f9ccb; padding: 5px 10px; border-radius: 5px; border: 1px ridge black; font-size: 0.8rem; height: auto; } form label:hover, form button:hover { background-color: #2d5ba3; color: white; } form label:active, form button:active { background-color: #0d3f8f; color: white; } </code></pre></div> <p>This is similar to what we've seen before — nothing special to comment on.</p> <p>Next, let's walk through the JavaScript.</p> <p>In the first lines of script, we get references to the form input itself, and the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/div"><code><div></code></a> element with the class of <code>.preview</code>. Next, we hide the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input"><code><input></code></a> element — we do this because file inputs tend to be ugly, difficult to style, and inconsistent in their design across browsers. You can activate the <code>input</code> element by clicking its <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/label"><code><label></code></a>, so it is better to visually hide the <code>input</code> and style the label like a button, so the user will know to interact with it if they want to upload files.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>const input = document.querySelector("input"); const preview = document.querySelector(".preview"); input.style.opacity = 0; </code></pre></div> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/opacity"><code>opacity</code></a> is used to hide the file input instead of <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/visibility"><code>visibility: hidden</code></a> or <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/display"><code>display: none</code></a>, because assistive technology interprets the latter two styles to mean the file input isn't interactive.</p> </div> <p>Next, we add an <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget/addEventListener">event listener</a> to the input to listen for changes to its selected value (in this case, when files are selected). The event listener invokes our custom <code>updateImageDisplay()</code> function.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>input.addEventListener("change", updateImageDisplay); </code></pre></div> <p>Whenever the <code>updateImageDisplay()</code> function is invoked, we:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Use a <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/while"><code>while</code></a> loop to empty the previous contents of the preview <code><div></code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Grab the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/FileList"><code>FileList</code></a> object that contains the information on all the selected files, and store it in a variable called <code>curFiles</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Check to see if no files were selected, by checking if <code>curFiles.length</code> is equal to 0. If so, print a message into the preview <code><div></code> stating that no files have been selected.</p> </li> <li> <p>If files <em>have</em> been selected, we loop through each one, printing information about it into the preview <code><div></code>. Things to note here:</p> </li> <li> <p>We use the custom <code>validFileType()</code> function to check whether the file is of the correct type (e.g. the image types specified in the <code>accept</code> attribute).</p> </li> <li> <p>If it is, we:</p> <ul> <li>Print out its name and file size into a list item inside the previous <code><div></code> (obtained from <code>file.name</code> and <code>file.size</code>). The custom <code>returnFileSize()</code> function returns a nicely-formatted version of the size in bytes/KB/MB (by default the browser reports the size in absolute bytes).</li> <li>Generate a thumbnail preview of the image by calling <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/URL/createObjectURL_static" title="URL.createObjectURL(file)"><code>URL.createObjectURL(file)</code></a>. Then, insert the image into the list item too by creating a new <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img"><code><img></code></a> and setting its <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img#src"><code>src</code></a> to the thumbnail.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>If the file type is invalid, we display a message inside a list item telling the user that they need to select a different file type.</p> </li> </ul> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>function updateImageDisplay() { while (preview.firstChild) { preview.removeChild(preview.firstChild); } const curFiles = input.files; if (curFiles.length === 0) { const para = document.createElement("p"); para.textContent = "No files currently selected for upload"; preview.appendChild(para); } else { const list = document.createElement("ol"); preview.appendChild(list); for (const file of curFiles) { const listItem = document.createElement("li"); const para = document.createElement("p"); if (validFileType(file)) { para.textContent = `File name ${file.name}, file size ${returnFileSize( file.size, )}.`; const image = document.createElement("img"); image.src = URL.createObjectURL(file); image.alt = image.title = file.name; listItem.appendChild(image); listItem.appendChild(para); } else { para.textContent = `File name ${file.name}: Not a valid file type. Update your selection.`; listItem.appendChild(para); } list.appendChild(listItem); } } } </code></pre></div> <p>The custom <code>validFileType()</code> function takes a <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/File"><code>File</code></a> object as a parameter, then uses <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/includes"><code>Array.prototype.includes()</code></a> to check if any value in the <code>fileTypes</code> matches the file's <code>type</code> property. If a match is found, the function returns <code>true</code>. If no match is found, it returns <code>false</code>.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Media/Formats/Image_types const fileTypes = [ "image/apng", "image/bmp", "image/gif", "image/jpeg", "image/pjpeg", "image/png", "image/svg+xml", "image/tiff", "image/webp", "image/x-icon", ]; function validFileType(file) { return fileTypes.includes(file.type); } </code></pre></div> <p>The <code>returnFileSize()</code> function takes a number (of bytes, taken from the current file's <code>size</code> property), and turns it into a nicely formatted size in bytes/KB/MB.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>function returnFileSize(number) { if (number < 1e3) { return `${number} bytes`; } else if (number >= 1e3 && number < 1e6) { return `${(number / 1e3).toFixed(1)} KB`; } else { return `${(number / 1e6).toFixed(1)} MB`; } } </code></pre></div> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> The "KB" and "MB" units here use the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_prefix" class="external" target="_blank">SI prefix</a> convention of 1KB = 1000B, similar to macOS. Different systems represent file sizes differently—for example, Ubuntu uses IEC prefixes where 1KiB = 1024B, while RAM specifications often use SI prefixes to represent powers of two (1KB = 1024B). For this reason, we used <code>1e3</code> (<code>1000</code>) and <code>1e6</code> (<code>100000</code>) instead of <code>1024</code> and <code>1048576</code>. In your application, you should communicate the unit system clearly to your users if the exact size is important.</p> </div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: js hidden notranslate"><code>const button = document.querySelector("form button"); button.addEventListener("click", (e) => { e.preventDefault(); const para = document.createElement("p"); para.append("Image uploaded!"); preview.replaceChildren(para); }); </code></pre></div> <p>The example looks like this; have a play:</p><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="Examples sample" id="frame_examples" width="100%" height="200" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/file" data-live-id="examples" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="technical_summary"><h2 id="technical_summary"><a href="#technical_summary">Technical summary</a></h2><div class="section-content"><figure class="table-container"><table class="properties"> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong><a href="#value">Value</a></strong></td> <td> A string representing the path to the selected file. </td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Events</strong></td> <td> <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/change_event" title="change"><code>change</code></a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/input_event" title="input"><code>input</code></a> and <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLInputElement/cancel_event" title="cancel"><code>cancel</code></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Supported common attributes</strong></td> <td><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#required"><code>required</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Additional Attributes</strong></td> <td> <a href="#accept" aria-current="page"><code>accept</code></a>, <a href="#capture" aria-current="page"><code>capture</code></a>, <a href="#multiple" aria-current="page"><code>multiple</code></a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>IDL attributes</strong></td> <td><code>files</code> and <code>value</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>DOM interface</strong></td> <td> <p><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLInputElement"><code>HTMLInputElement</code></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Methods</strong></td> <td><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLInputElement/select" title="select()"><code>select()</code></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Implicit ARIA Role</strong></td> <td><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/html-aria/#dfn-no-corresponding-role" class="external" target="_blank">no corresponding role</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></figure></div></section><h2 id="specifications"><a href="#specifications">Specifications</a></h2><table class="standard-table"><thead><tr><th scope="col">Specification</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#file-upload-state-(type=file)">HTML Standard <br/><small># file-upload-state-(type=file)</small></a></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="browser_compatibility"><a href="#browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</a></h2><p>BCD tables only load in the browser<noscript> with JavaScript enabled. Enable JavaScript to view data.</noscript></p><section aria-labelledby="see_also"><h2 id="see_also"><a href="#see_also">See also</a></h2><div class="section-content"><ul> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_API/Using_files_from_web_applications">Using files from web applications</a> — contains a number of other useful examples related to <code><input type="file"></code> and the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/File">File API</a>.</li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Property_compatibility_table_for_form_controls">Compatibility of CSS properties</a></li> </ul></div></section></article><aside class="article-footer"><div class="article-footer-inner"><div class="svg-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="162" height="162" viewBox="0 0 162 162" fill="none" role="none"><mask id="b" fill="#fff"><path d="M97.203 47.04c8.113-7.886 18.004-13.871 28.906-17.492a78 78 0 0 1 33.969-3.39c11.443 1.39 22.401 5.295 32.024 11.411s17.656 14.28 23.476 23.86c5.819 9.579 9.269 20.318 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Metadata in HTML</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/HTML_text_fundamentals\">HTML text fundamentals</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Creating_hyperlinks\">Creating hyperlinks</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Advanced_text_formatting\">Advanced text formatting</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Document_and_website_structure\">Document and website structure</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Debugging_HTML\">Debugging HTML</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Marking_up_a_letter\">Assessment: Marking up a letter</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Structuring_a_page_of_content\">Assessment: Structuring a page of content</a></li>\n </ol>\n </details>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toggle\">\n <details>\n <summary>Multimedia and embedding</summary>\n <ol>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding\">Multimedia and embedding overview</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Images_in_HTML\">Images in HTML</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Video_and_audio_content\">Video and audio content</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Other_embedding_technologies\">From object to iframe — other embedding technologies</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web\">Adding vector graphics to the web</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Responsive_images\">Responsive images</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Mozilla_splash_page\">Assessment: Mozilla splash page</a></li>\n </ol>\n </details>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toggle\">\n <details>\n <summary>HTML tables</summary>\n <ol>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables\">HTML tables overview</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Basics\">HTML table basics</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Advanced\">HTML table advanced features and accessibility</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Structuring_planet_data\">Assessment: Structuring planet data</a></li>\n </ol>\n </details>\n </li>\n <li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference\">References</a></li>\n <li class=\"toggle\">\n <details>\n <summary>HTML elements</summary>\n <ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a\"><code><a></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/abbr\"><code><abbr></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/acronym\"><code><acronym></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/address\"><code><address></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/area\"><code><area></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/article\"><code><article></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/aside\"><code><aside></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/audio\"><code><audio></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/b\"><code><b></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/base\"><code><base></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/bdi\"><code><bdi></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/bdo\"><code><bdo></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/big\"><code><big></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/blockquote\"><code><blockquote></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/body\"><code><body></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/br\"><code><br></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/button\"><code><button></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/canvas\"><code><canvas></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/caption\"><code><caption></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/center\"><code><center></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/cite\"><code><cite></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/code\"><code><code></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/col\"><code><col></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/colgroup\"><code><colgroup></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/data\"><code><data></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/datalist\"><code><datalist></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/dd\"><code><dd></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/del\"><code><del></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/details\"><code><details></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/dfn\"><code><dfn></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/dialog\"><code><dialog></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/dir\"><code><dir></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/div\"><code><div></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/dl\"><code><dl></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/dt\"><code><dt></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/em\"><code><em></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/embed\"><code><embed></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/fencedframe\"><code><fencedframe></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/fieldset\"><code><fieldset></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/figcaption\"><code><figcaption></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/figure\"><code><figure></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/font\"><code><font></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/footer\"><code><footer></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/form\"><code><form></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/frame\"><code><frame></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/frameset\"><code><frameset></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/Heading_Elements\"><code><h1></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/head\"><code><head></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/header\"><code><header></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/hgroup\"><code><hgroup></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/hr\"><code><hr></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/html\"><code><html></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/i\"><code><i></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/iframe\"><code><iframe></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img\"><code><img></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input\"><code><input></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ins\"><code><ins></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/kbd\"><code><kbd></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/label\"><code><label></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/legend\"><code><legend></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/li\"><code><li></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/link\"><code><link></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/main\"><code><main></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/map\"><code><map></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/mark\"><code><mark></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/marquee\"><code><marquee></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/menu\"><code><menu></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/meta\"><code><meta></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/meter\"><code><meter></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/nav\"><code><nav></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/nobr\"><code><nobr></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/noembed\"><code><noembed></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/noframes\"><code><noframes></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/noscript\"><code><noscript></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/object\"><code><object></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ol\"><code><ol></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/optgroup\"><code><optgroup></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/option\"><code><option></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/output\"><code><output></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/p\"><code><p></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/param\"><code><param></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/picture\"><code><picture></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/plaintext\"><code><plaintext></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/portal\"><code><portal></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/pre\"><code><pre></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/progress\"><code><progress></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/q\"><code><q></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/rb\"><code><rb></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/rp\"><code><rp></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/rt\"><code><rt></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/rtc\"><code><rtc></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ruby\"><code><ruby></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/s\"><code><s></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/samp\"><code><samp></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/script\"><code><script></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/search\"><code><search></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/section\"><code><section></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/select\"><code><select></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/slot\"><code><slot></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/small\"><code><small></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/source\"><code><source></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/span\"><code><span></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/strike\"><code><strike></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/strong\"><code><strong></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/style\"><code><style></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/sub\"><code><sub></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/summary\"><code><summary></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/sup\"><code><sup></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/table\"><code><table></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/tbody\"><code><tbody></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/td\"><code><td></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/template\"><code><template></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/textarea\"><code><textarea></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/tfoot\"><code><tfoot></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/th\"><code><th></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/thead\"><code><thead></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/time\"><code><time></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/title\"><code><title></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/tr\"><code><tr></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/track\"><code><track></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/tt\"><code><tt></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/u\"><code><u></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ul\"><code><ul></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/var\"><code><var></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/video\"><code><video></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/wbr\"><code><wbr></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/xmp\"><code><xmp></code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li></ol>\n </details>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toggle\">\n <details>\n <summary>Global attributes</summary>\n <ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/accesskey\"><code>accesskey</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/anchor\"><code>anchor</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/autocapitalize\"><code>autocapitalize</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/autocorrect\"><code>autocorrect</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/autofocus\"><code>autofocus</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/class\"><code>class</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/contenteditable\"><code>contenteditable</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/data-*\"><code>data-*</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/dir\"><code>dir</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/draggable\"><code>draggable</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/enterkeyhint\"><code>enterkeyhint</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/exportparts\"><code>exportparts</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/hidden\"><code>hidden</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/id\"><code>id</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/inert\"><code>inert</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/inputmode\"><code>inputmode</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/is\"><code>is</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/itemid\"><code>itemid</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/itemprop\"><code>itemprop</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/itemref\"><code>itemref</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/itemscope\"><code>itemscope</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/itemtype\"><code>itemtype</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/lang\"><code>lang</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/nonce\"><code>nonce</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/part\"><code>part</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/popover\"><code>popover</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/slot\"><code>slot</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/spellcheck\"><code>spellcheck</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/style\"><code>style</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/tabindex\"><code>tabindex</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/title\"><code>title</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/translate\"><code>translate</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/virtualkeyboardpolicy\"><code>virtualkeyboardpolicy</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/writingsuggestions\"><code>writingsuggestions</code></a></li></ol>\n </details>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toggle\">\n <details>\n <summary>Attributes</summary>\n <ol>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/accept\">accept</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/autocomplete\">autocomplete</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/capture\">capture</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/crossorigin\">crossorigin</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/dirname\">dirname</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/disabled\">disabled</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/elementtiming\">elementtiming</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/for\">for</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/max\">max</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/maxlength\">maxlength</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/min\">min</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/minlength\">minlength</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/multiple\">multiple</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/pattern\">pattern</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/placeholder\">placeholder</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/readonly\">readonly</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/rel\">rel</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/required\">required</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/size\">size</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/step\">step</a></li>\n \n </ol>\n </details>\n </li>\n <li class=\"toggle\">\n <details open=\"\">\n <summary><code><input></code> types</summary>\n <ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/button\"><code><input type=\"button\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/checkbox\"><code><input type=\"checkbox\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/color\"><code><input type=\"color\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/date\"><code><input type=\"date\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/datetime-local\"><code><input type=\"datetime-local\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/email\"><code><input type=\"email\"></code></a></li><li><em><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/file\" aria-current=\"page\"><code><input type=\"file\"></code></a></em></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/hidden\"><code><input type=\"hidden\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/image\"><code><input type=\"image\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/month\"><code><input type=\"month\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/number\"><code><input type=\"number\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/password\"><code><input type=\"password\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/radio\"><code><input type=\"radio\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/range\"><code><input type=\"range\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/reset\"><code><input type=\"reset\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/search\"><code><input type=\"search\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/submit\"><code><input type=\"submit\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/tel\"><code><input type=\"tel\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/text\"><code><input type=\"text\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/time\"><code><input type=\"time\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/url\"><code><input type=\"url\"></code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/week\"><code><input type=\"week\"></code></a></li></ol>\n </details>\n </li>\n <li class=\"section no-link\">Guides</li>\n <li>\n <ol>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Content_categories\">Content categories</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Glossary/Block-level_content\">Block-level elements</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Glossary/Inline-level_content\">Inline elements</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Quirks_Mode_and_Standards_Mode\">Quirks Mode and Standards Mode</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Date_and_time_formats\">Date and time formats used in HTML</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Constraint_validation\">Constraint validation</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Microdata\">Microdata</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/microformats\">Microformats</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Viewport_meta_tag\">Viewport meta tag</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/CORS_enabled_image\">Allowing cross-origin use of images and canvas</a></li>\n </ol>\n </li>\n </ol>\n","sidebarMacro":"HTMLSidebar","body":[{"type":"prose","value":{"id":null,"title":null,"isH3":false,"content":"<p><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input\"><code><input></code></a> elements with <strong><code>type=\"file\"</code></strong> let the user choose one or more files from their device storage. Once chosen, the files can be uploaded to a server using <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms\">form submission</a>, or manipulated using JavaScript code and <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_API/Using_files_from_web_applications\">the File API</a>.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"try_it","title":"Try it","isH3":false,"content":"<iframe class=\"interactive is-tabbed-shorter-height\" height=\"200\" src=\"https://interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net/pages/tabbed/input-file.html\" title=\"MDN Web Docs Interactive Example\" allow=\"clipboard-write\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"value","title":"Value","isH3":false,"content":"<p>A file input's <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#value\"><code>value</code></a> attribute contains a string that represents the path to the selected file(s). If no file is selected yet, the value is an empty string (<code>\"\"</code>). When the user selected multiple files, the <code>value</code> represents the first file in the list of files they selected. The other files can be identified using the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_API/Using_files_from_web_applications#getting_information_about_selected_files\">input's <code>HTMLInputElement.files</code> property</a>.</p>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> The value is <a href=\"https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#fakepath-srsly\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">always the file's name prefixed with <code>C:\\fakepath\\</code></a>, which isn't the real path of the file. This is to prevent malicious software from guessing the user's file structure.</p>\n</div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"additional_attributes","title":"Additional attributes","isH3":false,"content":"<p>In addition to the common attributes shared by all <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input\"><code><input></code></a> elements, inputs of type <code>file</code> also support the following attributes.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"accept","title":"accept","isH3":true,"content":"<p>The <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/accept\"><code>accept</code></a> attribute value is a string that defines the file types the file input should accept. This string is a comma-separated list of <strong><a href=\"#unique_file_type_specifiers\">unique file type specifiers</a></strong>. Because a given file type may be identified in more than one manner, it's useful to provide a thorough set of type specifiers when you need files of a given format.</p>\n<p>For instance, there are a number of ways Microsoft Word files can be identified, so a site that accepts Word files might use an <code><input></code> like this:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><input\n type=\"file\"\n id=\"docpicker\"\n accept=\".doc,.docx,.xml,application/msword,application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document\" />\n</code></pre></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"capture","title":"capture","isH3":true,"content":"<p>The <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/capture\"><code>capture</code></a> attribute value is a string that specifies which camera to use for capture of image or video data, if the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/accept\"><code>accept</code></a> attribute indicates that the input should be of one of those types. A value of <code>user</code> indicates that the user-facing camera and/or microphone should be used. A value of <code>environment</code> specifies that the outward-facing camera and/or microphone should be used. If this attribute is missing, the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Glossary/User_agent\">user agent</a> is free to decide on its own what to do. If the requested facing mode isn't available, the user agent may fall back to its preferred default mode.</p>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> <code>capture</code> was previously a Boolean attribute which, if present, requested that the device's media capture device(s) such as camera or microphone be used instead of requesting a file input.</p>\n</div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"multiple","title":"multiple","isH3":true,"content":"<p>When the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/multiple\"><code>multiple</code></a> Boolean attribute is specified, the file input allows the user to select more than one file.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"non-standard_attributes","title":"Non-standard attributes","isH3":false,"content":"<p>In addition to the attributes listed above, the following non-standard attributes are available on some browsers. You should try to avoid using them when possible, since doing so will limit the ability of your code to function in browsers that don't implement them.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"webkitdirectory","title":"<code>webkitdirectory</code>","isH3":true,"content":"<p>The Boolean <code>webkitdirectory</code> attribute, if present, indicates that only directories should be available to be selected by the user in the file picker interface. See <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLInputElement/webkitdirectory\"><code>HTMLInputElement.webkitdirectory</code></a> for additional details and examples.</p>\n<p>Though originally implemented only for WebKit-based browsers, <code>webkitdirectory</code> is also usable in Firefox. However, even though it has relatively broad support, it is still not standard and should not be used unless you have no alternative.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"unique_file_type_specifiers","title":"Unique file type specifiers","isH3":false,"content":"<p>A <strong>unique file type specifier</strong> is a string that describes a type of file that may be selected by the user in an <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input\"><code><input></code></a> element of type <code>file</code>. Each unique file type specifier may take one of the following forms:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>A valid case-insensitive filename extension, starting with a period (\".\") character. For example: <code>.jpg</code>, <code>.pdf</code>, or <code>.doc</code>.</li>\n <li>A valid MIME type string, with no extensions.</li>\n <li>The string <code>audio/*</code> meaning \"any audio file\".</li>\n <li>The string <code>video/*</code> meaning \"any video file\".</li>\n <li>The string <code>image/*</code> meaning \"any image file\".</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The <code>accept</code> attribute takes a string containing one or more of these unique file type specifiers as its value, separated by commas. For example, a file picker that needs content that can be presented as an image, including both standard image formats and PDF files, might look like this:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><input type=\"file\" accept=\"image/*,.pdf\" />\n</code></pre></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"using_file_inputs","title":"Using file inputs","isH3":false,"content":""}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"a_basic_example","title":"A basic example","isH3":true,"content":"<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><form method=\"post\" enctype=\"multipart/form-data\">\n <div>\n <label for=\"file\">Choose file to upload</label>\n <input type=\"file\" id=\"file\" name=\"file\" multiple />\n </div>\n <div>\n <button>Submit</button>\n </div>\n</form>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden notranslate\"><code>div {\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>This produces the following output:</p><div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"A basic example sample\" id=\"frame_a_basic_example\" width=\"650\" height=\"90\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/file\" data-live-id=\"a_basic_example\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> You can find this example on GitHub too — see the <a href=\"https://github.com/mdn/learning-area/blob/main/html/forms/file-examples/simple-file.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">source code</a>, and also <a href=\"https://mdn.github.io/learning-area/html/forms/file-examples/simple-file.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">see it running live</a>.</p>\n</div>\n<p>Regardless of the user's device or operating system, the file input provides a button that opens up a file picker dialog that allows the user to choose a file.</p>\n<p>Including the <a href=\"#multiple\"><code>multiple</code></a> attribute, as shown above, specifies that multiple files can be chosen at once. The user can choose multiple files from the file picker in any way that their chosen platform allows (e.g. by holding down <kbd>Shift</kbd> or <kbd>Control</kbd> and then clicking). If you only want the user to choose a single file per <code><input></code>, omit the <code>multiple</code> attribute.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"getting_information_on_selected_files","title":"Getting information on selected files","isH3":true,"content":"<p>The selected files' are returned by the element's <code>HTMLInputElement.files</code> property, which is a <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/FileList\"><code>FileList</code></a> object containing a list of <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/File\"><code>File</code></a> objects. The <code>FileList</code> behaves like an array, so you can check its <code>length</code> property to get the number of selected files.</p>\n<p>Each <code>File</code> object contains the following information:</p>\n<dl>\n <dt id=\"name\"><a href=\"#name\"><code>name</code></a></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>The file's name.</p>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"lastmodified\"><a href=\"#lastmodified\"><code>lastModified</code></a></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>A number specifying the date and time at which the file was last modified, in milliseconds since the UNIX epoch (January 1, 1970, at midnight).</p>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"lastmodifieddate\"><a href=\"#lastmodifieddate\"><code>lastModifiedDate</code></a> <abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>A <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date\"><code>Date</code></a> object representing the date and time at which the file was last modified. <em>This is deprecated and should not be used. Use <code>lastModified</code> instead.</em></p>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"size\"><a href=\"#size\"><code>size</code></a></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>The size of the file in bytes.</p>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"type\"><a href=\"#type\"><code>type</code></a></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>The file's <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/MIME_types\">MIME type</a>.</p>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"webkitrelativepath\"><a href=\"#webkitrelativepath\"><code>webkitRelativePath</code></a> <abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>A string specifying the file's path relative to the base directory selected in a directory picker (that is, a <code>file</code> picker in which the <a href=\"#webkitdirectory\"><code>webkitdirectory</code></a> attribute is set). <em>This is non-standard and should be used with caution.</em></p>\n </dd>\n</dl>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"limiting_accepted_file_types","title":"Limiting accepted file types","isH3":true,"content":"<p>Often you won't want the user to be able to pick any arbitrary type of file; instead, you often want them to select files of a specific type or types. For example, if your file input lets users upload a profile picture, you probably want them to select web-compatible image formats, such as <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Glossary/JPEG\">JPEG</a> or <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Glossary/PNG\">PNG</a>.</p>\n<p>Acceptable file types can be specified with the <a href=\"#accept\"><code>accept</code></a> attribute, which takes a comma-separated list of allowed file extensions or MIME types. Some examples:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><code>accept=\"image/png\"</code> or <code>accept=\".png\"</code> — Accepts PNG files.</li>\n <li><code>accept=\"image/png, image/jpeg\"</code> or <code>accept=\".png, .jpg, .jpeg\"</code> — Accept PNG or JPEG files.</li>\n <li><code>accept=\"image/*\"</code> — Accept any file with an <code>image/*</code> MIME type. (Many mobile devices also let the user take a picture with the camera when this is used.)</li>\n <li><code>accept=\".doc,.docx,.xml,application/msword,application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document\"</code> — accept anything that smells like an MS Word document.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Let's look at a more complete example:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><form method=\"post\" enctype=\"multipart/form-data\">\n <div>\n <label for=\"profile_pic\">Choose file to upload</label>\n <input\n type=\"file\"\n id=\"profile_pic\"\n name=\"profile_pic\"\n accept=\".jpg, .jpeg, .png\" />\n </div>\n <div>\n <button>Submit</button>\n </div>\n</form>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden notranslate\"><code>div {\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>This produces a similar-looking output to the previous example:</p><div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"Limiting accepted file types sample\" id=\"frame_limiting_accepted_file_types\" width=\"650\" height=\"90\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/file\" data-live-id=\"limiting_accepted_file_types\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> You can find this example on GitHub too — see the <a href=\"https://github.com/mdn/learning-area/blob/main/html/forms/file-examples/file-with-accept.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">source code</a>, and also <a href=\"https://mdn.github.io/learning-area/html/forms/file-examples/file-with-accept.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">see it running live</a>.</p>\n</div>\n<p>It may look similar, but if you try selecting a file with this input, you'll see that the file picker only lets you select the file types specified in the <code>accept</code> value (the exact interface differs across browsers and operating systems).</p>\n<p>The <code>accept</code> attribute doesn't validate the types of the selected files; it provides hints for browsers to guide users towards selecting the correct file types. It is still possible (in most cases) for users to toggle an option in the file chooser that makes it possible to override this and select any file they wish, and then choose incorrect file types.</p>\n<p>Because of this, you should make sure that the <code>accept</code> attribute is backed up by appropriate server-side validation.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"detecting_cancellations","title":"Detecting cancellations","isH3":true,"content":"<p>The <code>cancel</code> event is fired when the user does not change their selection, reselecting the previously selected files. The <code>cancel</code> event is also fired when the file picker dialog gets closed, or canceled, via the \"cancel\" button or the <kbd>escape</kbd> key.</p>\n<p>For example, the following code will log to the console if the user closes the popup without selecting a file:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>const elem = document.createElement(\"input\");\nelem.type = \"file\";\nelem.addEventListener(\"cancel\", () => {\n console.log(\"Cancelled.\");\n});\nelem.addEventListener(\"change\", () => {\n if (elem.files.length == 1) {\n console.log(\"File selected: \", elem.files[0]);\n }\n});\nelem.click();\n</code></pre></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"notes","title":"Notes","isH3":true,"content":"<ol>\n <li>\n <p>You cannot set the value of a file picker from a script — doing something like the following has no effect:</p>\n <div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>const input = document.querySelector(\"input[type=file]\");\ninput.value = \"foo\";\n</code></pre></div>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p>When a file is chosen using an <code><input type=\"file\"></code>, the real path to the source file is not shown in the input's <code>value</code> attribute for obvious security reasons. Instead, the filename is shown, with <code>C:\\fakepath\\</code> prepended to it. There are some historical reasons for this quirk, but it is supported across all modern browsers, and in fact is <a href=\"https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#fakepath-srsly\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">defined in the spec</a>.</p>\n </li>\n</ol>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"examples","title":"Examples","isH3":false,"content":"<p>In this example, we'll present a slightly more advanced file chooser that takes advantage of the file information available in the <code>HTMLInputElement.files</code> property, as well as showing off a few clever tricks.</p>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> You can see the complete source code for this example on GitHub — <a href=\"https://github.com/mdn/learning-area/blob/main/html/forms/file-examples/file-example.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">file-example.html</a> (<a href=\"https://mdn.github.io/learning-area/html/forms/file-examples/file-example.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">see it live also</a>). We won't explain the CSS; the JavaScript is the main focus.</p>\n</div>\n<p>First of all, let's look at the HTML:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><form method=\"post\" enctype=\"multipart/form-data\">\n <div>\n <label for=\"image_uploads\">Choose images to upload (PNG, JPG)</label>\n <input\n type=\"file\"\n id=\"image_uploads\"\n name=\"image_uploads\"\n accept=\".jpg, .jpeg, .png\"\n multiple />\n </div>\n <div class=\"preview\">\n <p>No files currently selected for upload</p>\n </div>\n <div>\n <button>Submit</button>\n </div>\n</form>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden notranslate\"><code>html {\n font-family: sans-serif;\n}\n\nform {\n background: #ccc;\n margin: 0 auto;\n padding: 20px;\n border: 1px solid black;\n}\n\nform ol {\n padding-left: 0;\n}\n\nform li,\ndiv > p {\n background: #eee;\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-between;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n list-style-type: none;\n border: 1px solid black;\n}\n\nform img {\n height: 64px;\n order: 1;\n}\n\nform p {\n line-height: 32px;\n padding-left: 10px;\n}\n\nform label,\nform button {\n background-color: #7f9ccb;\n padding: 5px 10px;\n border-radius: 5px;\n border: 1px ridge black;\n font-size: 0.8rem;\n height: auto;\n}\n\nform label:hover,\nform button:hover {\n background-color: #2d5ba3;\n color: white;\n}\n\nform label:active,\nform button:active {\n background-color: #0d3f8f;\n color: white;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>This is similar to what we've seen before — nothing special to comment on.</p>\n<p>Next, let's walk through the JavaScript.</p>\n<p>In the first lines of script, we get references to the form input itself, and the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/div\"><code><div></code></a> element with the class of <code>.preview</code>. Next, we hide the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input\"><code><input></code></a> element — we do this because file inputs tend to be ugly, difficult to style, and inconsistent in their design across browsers. You can activate the <code>input</code> element by clicking its <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/label\"><code><label></code></a>, so it is better to visually hide the <code>input</code> and style the label like a button, so the user will know to interact with it if they want to upload files.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>const input = document.querySelector(\"input\");\nconst preview = document.querySelector(\".preview\");\n\ninput.style.opacity = 0;\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/opacity\"><code>opacity</code></a> is used to hide the file input instead of <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/visibility\"><code>visibility: hidden</code></a> or <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/display\"><code>display: none</code></a>, because assistive technology interprets the latter two styles to mean the file input isn't interactive.</p>\n</div>\n<p>Next, we add an <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget/addEventListener\">event listener</a> to the input to listen for changes to its selected value (in this case, when files are selected). The event listener invokes our custom <code>updateImageDisplay()</code> function.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>input.addEventListener(\"change\", updateImageDisplay);\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Whenever the <code>updateImageDisplay()</code> function is invoked, we:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>\n <p>Use a <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/while\"><code>while</code></a> loop to empty the previous contents of the preview <code><div></code>.</p>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p>Grab the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/FileList\"><code>FileList</code></a> object that contains the information on all the selected files, and store it in a variable called <code>curFiles</code>.</p>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p>Check to see if no files were selected, by checking if <code>curFiles.length</code> is equal to 0. If so, print a message into the preview <code><div></code> stating that no files have been selected.</p>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p>If files <em>have</em> been selected, we loop through each one, printing information about it into the preview <code><div></code>. Things to note here:</p>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p>We use the custom <code>validFileType()</code> function to check whether the file is of the correct type (e.g. the image types specified in the <code>accept</code> attribute).</p>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p>If it is, we:</p>\n <ul>\n <li>Print out its name and file size into a list item inside the previous <code><div></code> (obtained from <code>file.name</code> and <code>file.size</code>). The custom <code>returnFileSize()</code> function returns a nicely-formatted version of the size in bytes/KB/MB (by default the browser reports the size in absolute bytes).</li>\n <li>Generate a thumbnail preview of the image by calling <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/URL/createObjectURL_static\" title=\"URL.createObjectURL(file)\"><code>URL.createObjectURL(file)</code></a>. Then, insert the image into the list item too by creating a new <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img\"><code><img></code></a> and setting its <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/img#src\"><code>src</code></a> to the thumbnail.</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n <li>\n <p>If the file type is invalid, we display a message inside a list item telling the user that they need to select a different file type.</p>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>function updateImageDisplay() {\n while (preview.firstChild) {\n preview.removeChild(preview.firstChild);\n }\n\n const curFiles = input.files;\n if (curFiles.length === 0) {\n const para = document.createElement(\"p\");\n para.textContent = \"No files currently selected for upload\";\n preview.appendChild(para);\n } else {\n const list = document.createElement(\"ol\");\n preview.appendChild(list);\n\n for (const file of curFiles) {\n const listItem = document.createElement(\"li\");\n const para = document.createElement(\"p\");\n if (validFileType(file)) {\n para.textContent = `File name ${file.name}, file size ${returnFileSize(\n file.size,\n )}.`;\n const image = document.createElement(\"img\");\n image.src = URL.createObjectURL(file);\n image.alt = image.title = file.name;\n\n listItem.appendChild(image);\n listItem.appendChild(para);\n } else {\n para.textContent = `File name ${file.name}: Not a valid file type. Update your selection.`;\n listItem.appendChild(para);\n }\n\n list.appendChild(listItem);\n }\n }\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>The custom <code>validFileType()</code> function takes a <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/File\"><code>File</code></a> object as a parameter, then uses <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/includes\"><code>Array.prototype.includes()</code></a> to check if any value in the <code>fileTypes</code> matches the file's <code>type</code> property. If a match is found, the function returns <code>true</code>. If no match is found, it returns <code>false</code>.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Media/Formats/Image_types\nconst fileTypes = [\n \"image/apng\",\n \"image/bmp\",\n \"image/gif\",\n \"image/jpeg\",\n \"image/pjpeg\",\n \"image/png\",\n \"image/svg+xml\",\n \"image/tiff\",\n \"image/webp\",\n \"image/x-icon\",\n];\n\nfunction validFileType(file) {\n return fileTypes.includes(file.type);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>The <code>returnFileSize()</code> function takes a number (of bytes, taken from the current file's <code>size</code> property), and turns it into a nicely formatted size in bytes/KB/MB.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>function returnFileSize(number) {\n if (number < 1e3) {\n return `${number} bytes`;\n } else if (number >= 1e3 && number < 1e6) {\n return `${(number / 1e3).toFixed(1)} KB`;\n } else {\n return `${(number / 1e6).toFixed(1)} MB`;\n }\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> The \"KB\" and \"MB\" units here use the <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_prefix\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">SI prefix</a> convention of 1KB = 1000B, similar to macOS. Different systems represent file sizes differently—for example, Ubuntu uses IEC prefixes where 1KiB = 1024B, while RAM specifications often use SI prefixes to represent powers of two (1KB = 1024B). For this reason, we used <code>1e3</code> (<code>1000</code>) and <code>1e6</code> (<code>100000</code>) instead of <code>1024</code> and <code>1048576</code>. In your application, you should communicate the unit system clearly to your users if the exact size is important.</p>\n</div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: js hidden notranslate\"><code>const button = document.querySelector(\"form button\");\nbutton.addEventListener(\"click\", (e) => {\n e.preventDefault();\n const para = document.createElement(\"p\");\n para.append(\"Image uploaded!\");\n preview.replaceChildren(para);\n});\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>The example looks like this; have a play:</p><div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"Examples sample\" id=\"frame_examples\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/file\" data-live-id=\"examples\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"technical_summary","title":"Technical summary","isH3":false,"content":"<figure class=\"table-container\"><table class=\"properties\">\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td><strong><a href=\"#value\">Value</a></strong></td>\n <td>\n A string representing the path to the selected\n file.\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>Events</strong></td>\n <td>\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLElement/change_event\" title=\"change\"><code>change</code></a>,\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/input_event\" title=\"input\"><code>input</code></a> and\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLInputElement/cancel_event\" title=\"cancel\"><code>cancel</code></a>\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>Supported common attributes</strong></td>\n <td><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#required\"><code>required</code></a></td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>Additional Attributes</strong></td>\n <td>\n <a href=\"#accept\" aria-current=\"page\"><code>accept</code></a>,\n <a href=\"#capture\" aria-current=\"page\"><code>capture</code></a>,\n <a href=\"#multiple\" aria-current=\"page\"><code>multiple</code></a>\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>IDL attributes</strong></td>\n <td><code>files</code> and <code>value</code></td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>DOM interface</strong></td>\n <td>\n <p><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLInputElement\"><code>HTMLInputElement</code></a></p>\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>Methods</strong></td>\n <td><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLInputElement/select\" title=\"select()\"><code>select()</code></a></td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>Implicit ARIA Role</strong></td>\n <td><a href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/html-aria/#dfn-no-corresponding-role\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">no corresponding role</a></td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n</table></figure>"}},{"type":"specifications","value":{"title":"Specifications","id":"specifications","isH3":false,"specifications":[{"bcdSpecificationURL":"https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#file-upload-state-(type=file)","title":"HTML Standard"}],"query":"html.elements.input.type_file"}},{"type":"browser_compatibility","value":{"title":"Browser compatibility","id":"browser_compatibility","isH3":false,"query":"html.elements.input.type_file"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"see_also","title":"See also","isH3":false,"content":"<ul>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/File_API/Using_files_from_web_applications\">Using files from web applications</a> — contains a number of other useful examples related to <code><input type=\"file\"></code> and the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/File\">File API</a>.</li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Forms/Property_compatibility_table_for_form_controls\">Compatibility of CSS properties</a></li>\n</ul>"}}],"toc":[{"text":"Try it","id":"try_it"},{"text":"Value","id":"value"},{"text":"Additional attributes","id":"additional_attributes"},{"text":"Non-standard attributes","id":"non-standard_attributes"},{"text":"Unique file type specifiers","id":"unique_file_type_specifiers"},{"text":"Using file inputs","id":"using_file_inputs"},{"text":"Examples","id":"examples"},{"text":"Technical summary","id":"technical_summary"},{"text":"Specifications","id":"specifications"},{"text":"Browser compatibility","id":"browser_compatibility"},{"text":"See also","id":"see_also"}],"summary":"<input> elements with type=\"file\" let the user choose one or more files from their device storage. Once chosen, the files can be uploaded to a server using form submission, or manipulated using JavaScript code and the File API.","popularity":0.0861,"modified":"2024-10-29T20:01:28.000Z","other_translations":[{"locale":"de","title":"<input type=\"file\">","native":"Deutsch"},{"locale":"es","title":"<input type=\"file\">","native":"Español"},{"locale":"fr","title":"<input type=\"file\">","native":"Français"},{"locale":"ja","title":"<input type=\"file\">","native":"日本語"},{"locale":"ko","title":"<input type=\"file\">","native":"한국어"},{"locale":"ru","title":"<input type=\"file\">","native":"Русский"},{"locale":"zh-CN","title":"<input type=\"file\">","native":"中文 (简体)"}],"pageType":"html-element","source":{"folder":"en-us/web/html/element/input/file","github_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/web/html/element/input/file/index.md","last_commit_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/commit/d2421d25d1676cc11b01cc4981061e4d0aa78e95","filename":"index.md"},"short_title":"<input type=\"file\">","parents":[{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web","title":"References"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML","title":"HTML"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element","title":"Elements"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input","title":"<input>"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/file","title":"<input type=\"file\">"}],"pageTitle":"<input type=\"file\"> - HTML: HyperText Markup Language | MDN","noIndexing":false}}</script></body></html>