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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pickford_Center_for_Motion_Picture_Study" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pickford_Center_for_Motion_Picture_Study"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pickford_Center_for_Motion_Picture_Study-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fairbanks_Center_for_Motion_Picture_Study" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fairbanks_Center_for_Motion_Picture_Study"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fairbanks_Center_for_Motion_Picture_Study-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Former</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academy_Theater_in_New_York" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academy_Theater_in_New_York"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Academy Theater in New York</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academy_Theater_in_New_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Membership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Membership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Expulsions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expulsions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Expulsions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expulsions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Resignations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Branches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Branches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Branches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Branches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Board_of_governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Board_of_governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Board of governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Board_of_governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Original_36_founders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_36_founders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Original 36 founders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_36_founders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Current administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9" title="أكاديمية فنون وعلوم الصور المتحركة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أكاديمية فنون وعلوم الصور المتحركة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_de_les_Artes_y_les_Ciencies_Cinematogr%C3%A1fiques" title="Academia de les Artes y les Ciencies Cinematográfiques – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Academia de les Artes y les Ciencies Cinematográfiques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="একাডেমি অব মোশন পিকচার আর্টস অ্যান্ড সায়েন্সেস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="একাডেমি অব মোশন পিকচার আর্টস অ্যান্ড সায়েন্সেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Академия за филмово изкуство и наука – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Академия за филмово изкуство и наука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademija_filmskih_umjetnosti_i_nauka" title="Akademija filmskih umjetnosti i nauka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Akademija filmskih umjetnosti i nauka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademiezh_Arzo%C3%B9_ha_Skianto%C3%B9_ar_Fi%C3%B1vskeudenni%C3%B1" title="Akademiezh Arzoù ha Skiantoù ar Fiñvskeudenniñ – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Akademiezh Arzoù ha Skiantoù ar Fiñvskeudenniñ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_de_les_Arts_i_les_Ci%C3%A8ncies_Cinematogr%C3%A0fiques" title="Acadèmia de les Arts i les Ciències Cinematogràfiques – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acadèmia de les Arts i les Ciències Cinematogràfiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademie_filmov%C3%A9ho_um%C4%9Bn%C3%AD_a_v%C4%9Bd" title="Akademie filmového umění a věd – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Akademie filmového umění a věd" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_Filmikunsti_ja_-teaduste_Akadeemia" title="Ameerika Filmikunsti ja -teaduste Akadeemia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Filmikunsti ja -teaduste Akadeemia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Αμερικανική Ακαδημία Κινηματογραφικών Τεχνών και Επιστημών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμερικανική Ακαδημία Κινηματογραφικών Τεχνών και Επιστημών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_de_Artes_y_Ciencias_Cinematogr%C3%A1ficas" title="Academia de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Academia de Artes y Ciencias Cinematográficas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademio_de_la_Kinaj_Artoj_kaj_Sciencoj" title="Akademio de la Kinaj Artoj kaj Sciencoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akademio de la Kinaj Artoj kaj Sciencoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinemako_Arte_eta_Zientzien_Akademia" title="Zinemako Arte eta Zientzien Akademia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zinemako Arte eta Zientzien Akademia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%88_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7" title="آکادمی علوم و هنرهای سینما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آکادمی علوم و هنرهای سینما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_das_Artes_e_das_Ciencias_Cinematogr%C3%A1ficas" title="Academia das Artes e das Ciencias Cinematográficas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Academia das Artes e das Ciencias Cinematográficas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%ED%99%94_%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99_%EC%95%84%EC%B9%B4%EB%8D%B0%EB%AF%B8" title="영화 예술 과학 아카데미 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영화 예술 과학 아카데미" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D6%87_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կինոարվեստի և գիտության ակադեմիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կինոարվեստի և գիտության ակադեմիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar%C3%ADska_kvikmyndaakadem%C3%ADan" title="Bandaríska kvikmyndaakademían – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bandaríska kvikmyndaakademían" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2" title="האקדמיה האמריקאית לקולנוע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האקדמיה האמריקאית לקולנוע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಆಫ್ ಮೋಷನ್ ಪಿಕ್ಚರ್ ಆರ್ಟ್ಸ್ ಅಂಡ್ ಸೈನ್ಸಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಆಫ್ ಮೋಷನ್ ಪಿಕ್ಚರ್ ಆರ್ಟ್ಸ್ ಅಂಡ್ ಸೈನ್ಸಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კინემატოგრაფიული ხელოვნებისა და მეცნიერების აკადემია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კინემატოგრაფიული ხელოვნებისა და მეცნიერების აკადემია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D3%A8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D2%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Кинематографиялық Өнер және Ғылым Академиясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кинематографиялық Өнер және Ғылым Академиясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Америка киноискусство академиясы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Америка киноискусство академиясы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kino_m%C4%81kslas_un_zin%C4%81tnes_akad%C4%93mija" title="Kino mākslas un zinātnes akadēmija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kino mākslas un zinātnes akadēmija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmm%C5%B1v%C3%A9szeti_%C3%A9s_Filmtudom%C3%A1nyi_Akad%C3%A9mia" title="Filmművészeti és Filmtudományi Akadémia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Filmművészeti és Filmtudományi Akadémia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Академија за филмски уметности и науки – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Академија за филмски уметности и науки" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="അക്കാഡമി ഓഫ് മോഷൻ പിക്ചർ ആർട്സ് ആൻഡ് സയൻസസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അക്കാഡമി ഓഫ് മോഷൻ പിക്ചർ ആർട്സ് ആൻഡ് സയൻസസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="ॲकॅडमी ऑफ मोशन पिक्चर आर्ट्स अँड सायन्सेस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ॲकॅडमी ऑफ मोशन पिक्चर आर्ट्स अँड सायन्सेस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%87" title="اكاديمية فنون وعلوم الصور المتحركه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اكاديمية فنون وعلوم الصور المتحركه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademi_Seni_dan_Sains_Filem" title="Akademi Seni dan Sains Filem – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Akademi Seni dan Sains Filem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC" title="映画芸術科学アカデミー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="映画芸術科学アカデミー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameryka%C5%84ska_Akademia_Sztuki_i_Wiedzy_Filmowej" title="Amerykańska Akademia Sztuki i Wiedzy Filmowej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amerykańska Akademia Sztuki i Wiedzy Filmowej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_de_Artes_e_Ci%C3%AAncias_Cinematogr%C3%A1ficas" title="Academia de Artes e Ciências Cinematográficas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Academia de Artes e Ciências Cinematográficas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_American%C4%83_a_Artelor_%C8%99i_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Belor_Filmului" title="Academia Americană a Artelor și Științelor Filmului – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Academia Americană a Artelor și Științelor Filmului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Академия кинематографических искусств и наук – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Академия кинематографических искусств и наук" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akad%C3%A9mia_filmov%C3%BDch_umen%C3%AD_a_vied" title="Akadémia filmových umení a vied – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Akadémia filmových umení a vied" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88_%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%B5%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ئەکادیمیای زانستەکان و ھونەرەکانی وێنەی جوڵاو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەکادیمیای زانستەکان و ھونەرەکانی وێنەی جوڵاو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Академија филмских уметности и наука – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Академија филмских уметности и наука" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akademija_filmskih_umjetnosti_i_nauka" title="Akademija filmskih umjetnosti i nauka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Akademija filmskih umjetnosti i nauka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_elokuva-akatemia" title="Yhdysvaltain elokuva-akatemia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain elokuva-akatemia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanska_filmakademien" title="Amerikanska filmakademien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amerikanska filmakademien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="அகாதமி ஆப் மோசன் பிக்சர் ஆர்ட்ஸ் அண்ட் சயின்சஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அகாதமி ஆப் மோசன் பிக்சர் ஆர்ட்ஸ் அண்ட் சயின்சஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="สถาบันศิลปะและวิทยาการภาพยนตร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถาบันศิลปะและวิทยาการภาพยนตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2_%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Академія кінематографічних мистецтв і наук – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Академія кінематографічних мистецтв і наук" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%BE%DA%A9%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B2" title="اکیڈمی آف موشن پکچرز آرٹس اینڈ سائنسز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اکیڈمی آف موشن پکچرز آرٹس اینڈ سائنسز" data-language-autonym="اردو" 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href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&params=34_04_02_N_118_23_15_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°04′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°23′15″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.06722°N 118.38750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.06722; -118.38750</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=AMPAS&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="AMPAS">AMPAS</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Professional organization in the film industry</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/73/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences_logo.svg/220px-Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/73/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences_logo.svg/330px-Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/73/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences_logo.svg/440px-Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">AMPAS</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">May 11, 1927<span class="noprint">; 97 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1927-05-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trade_association" title="Trade association">Trade association</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Taxpayer Identification Number">Tax ID no.</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">95-0473280<sup id="cite_ref-irseos_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irseos-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/501(c)(6)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(6)">501(c)(6)</a><sup id="cite_ref-990-2018_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-990-2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">To recognize and uphold excellence in the motion picture arts and sciences, inspire imagination, and connect the world through the medium of motion pictures.<sup id="cite_ref-990-2018_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-990-2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&params=34_04_02_N_118_23_15_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°04′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°23′15″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.06722°N 118.38750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.06722; -118.38750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership </div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,500 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_(corporation)" class="mw-redirect" title="President (corporation)">President</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yang" title="Janet Yang">Janet Yang</a> (since 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Academy Museum Foundation <sub><a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a></sub>, <br /> Academy Foundation <sub><a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a></sub>, <br /> Archival Foundation <sub><a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a></sub>, <br /> Vine Street Archive Foundation <sub><a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a></sub><sup id="cite_ref-990-2018_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-990-2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Revenue <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2019)</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">$147,889,867<sup id="cite_ref-990-2018_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-990-2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Expenses <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2019)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">$103,813,370<sup id="cite_ref-990-2018_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-990-2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">255<sup id="cite_ref-990-2018_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-990-2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in 2018)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Volunteers <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2018)</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">632<sup id="cite_ref-990-2018_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-990-2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/">www<wbr />.oscars<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212329#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</b> (<b>AMPAS</b>, often pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">AM</span>-pass</i></a>; also known as simply <b>the Academy</b> or <b>the Motion Picture Academy</b>) is a professional honorary organization in <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>, U.S., with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academy's corporate management and general policies are overseen by a board of governors, which includes representatives from each of the craft branches. </p><p>As of April 2020, the organization was estimated to consist of around 9,921 motion picture professionals. The Academy is an international organization and membership is open to qualified filmmakers around the world. </p><p>The Academy is known around the world for its annual <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, both officially and popularly known as "The Oscars".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, the Academy holds the <a href="/wiki/Governors_Awards" title="Governors Awards">Governors Awards</a> annually for lifetime achievement in film; presents <a href="/wiki/Academy_Scientific_and_Technical_Award" title="Academy Scientific and Technical Award">Scientific and Technical Awards</a> annually; gives <a href="/wiki/Student_Academy_Awards" title="Student Academy Awards">Student Academy Awards</a> annually to filmmakers at the undergraduate and graduate level; awards up to five <a href="/wiki/Nicholl_Fellowships_in_Screenwriting" title="Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting">Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting</a> annually; and operates the <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Herrick_Library" title="Margaret Herrick Library">Margaret Herrick Library</a> (at the Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study) in <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pickford_Center_for_Motion_Picture_Study" title="Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study">Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>, Los Angeles. The Academy opened the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures" title="Academy Museum of Motion Pictures">Academy Museum of Motion Pictures</a> in Los Angeles in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMPAS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/AMPAS.jpg/220px-AMPAS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/AMPAS.jpg/330px-AMPAS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/AMPAS.jpg/440px-AMPAS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Headquarters building</figcaption></figure> <p>The notion of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) began with <a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a>, head of <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> (MGM). He said he wanted to create an organization that would mediate labor disputes without unions<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and improve the film industry's image. In other words, the Academy was originally founded as a <a href="/wiki/Company_union" title="Company union">company union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_Page_119_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott_Page_119-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He met with actor <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Nagel" title="Conrad Nagel">Conrad Nagel</a>, director <a href="/wiki/Fred_Niblo" title="Fred Niblo">Fred Niblo</a>, and the head of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Producers" title="Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers">Association of Motion Picture Producers</a>, Fred Beetson to discuss these matters. The idea of this elite club having an annual banquet was discussed, but no mention of awards at that time. They also established that membership into the organization would only be open to people involved in one of the five branches of the industry: actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers.<sup id="cite_ref-Wiley,_Mason_pg._2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiley,_Mason_pg._2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After their brief meeting, Mayer gathered up a group of thirty-six people involved in the film industry and invited them to a formal banquet at the <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Hotel_(Los_Angeles)" title="Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)">Ambassador Hotel</a> in Los Angeles on January 11, 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That evening Mayer presented to those guests what he called the International Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Everyone in the room that evening became a founder of the Academy.<sup id="cite_ref-Wiley,_Mason_pg._2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiley,_Mason_pg._2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between that evening and when the official Articles of Incorporation for the organization were filed on May 4, 1927, the "International" was dropped from the name, becoming the "Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences".<sup id="cite_ref-60Years8_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60Years8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OscarsHist_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OscarsHist-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several organizational meetings were held prior to the first official meeting held on May 6, 1927. Their first organizational meeting was held on May 11 at the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Biltmore_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Biltmore Hotel">Biltmore Hotel</a>. At that meeting <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks, Sr.</a> was elected as the first president of the Academy, while Fred Niblo was the first vice-president, and their first roster, composed of 230 members, was printed.<sup id="cite_ref-60Years8_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60Years8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That night, the Academy also bestowed its first honorary membership, to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OscarsHist_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OscarsHist-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, the Academy was broken down into five main groups, or branches, although this number of branches has grown over the years. The original five were: Producers, Actors, Directors, Writers and Technicians.<sup id="cite_ref-60Years9_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60Years9-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The initial concerns of the group had to do with labor.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_Page_119_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott_Page_119-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60Years10_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60Years10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as time went on, the organization moved "further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations."<sup id="cite_ref-OscarHist_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OscarHist-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, the Academy lost all credibility among studio employee members with respect to labor issues when it took the side of the <a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">major film studios</a> in the latter's efforts to convince employees to agree to voluntary reductions in wages and salaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_Page_119_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott_Page_119-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Academy thus evolved into its modern role as an honorary organization.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott_Page_119_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott_Page_119-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of several committees formed in the Academy's initial days was for "Awards of Merit", but it was not until May 1928 that the committee began to have serious discussions about the structure of the awards and the presentation ceremony. By July 1928, the board of directors had approved a list of 12 awards to be presented.<sup id="cite_ref-60Years15_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60Years15-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During July the voting system for the Awards was established, and the nomination and selection process began.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This "award of merit for distinctive achievement" is what we know now as the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Awards</a>. </p><p>The initial location of the organization was 6912 <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevard" title="Hollywood Boulevard">Hollywood Boulevard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60Years10_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60Years10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OscarHist_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OscarHist-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1927, the Academy moved to the <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Roosevelt_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel">Roosevelt Hotel</a> at 7010 Hollywood Boulevard, which was also the month the Academy's library began compiling a complete collection of books and periodicals dealing with the industry from around the world. In May 1928, the Academy authorized the construction of a state of the art screening room, to be located in the Club lounge of the hotel. The screening room was not completed until April 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-60Years10_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60Years10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the publication of Academy Reports (No. 1): <i>Incandescent Illumination</i> in July 1928,<sup id="cite_ref-Incandescent-Illumination_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Incandescent-Illumination-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Academy began a long history of publishing books to assist its members.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research Council<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences trained <a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Corps (United States Army)">Signal Corps</a> officers, during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-OscarHist_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OscarHist-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Signal-Corps-Syllabus_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Signal-Corps-Syllabus-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who later won two Oscars, for <i><a href="/wiki/Seeds_of_Destiny" title="Seeds of Destiny">Seeds of Destiny</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Toward_Independence" title="Toward Independence">Toward Independence</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-army.mil-oscars_in_signal_museum_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-army.mil-oscars_in_signal_museum-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1929, Academy members, in a joint venture with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>, created America's first film school to further the art and science of moving pictures. The school's founding faculty included Fairbanks (President of the Academy), <a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_C._deMille" title="William C. deMille">William C. deMille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lubitsch" title="Ernst Lubitsch">Ernst Lubitsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irving_Thalberg" title="Irving Thalberg">Irving Thalberg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Darryl_F._Zanuck" title="Darryl F. Zanuck">Darryl F. Zanuck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USCCinema_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USCCinema-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1930 saw another move, to the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Professional_Building" title="Hollywood Professional Building">Hollywood Professional Building</a>, in order to accommodate the enlarging staff,<sup id="cite_ref-OscarHist_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OscarHist-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by December of that year the library was acknowledged as "having one of the most complete collections of information on the motion picture industry anywhere in existence."<sup id="cite_ref-60Years12_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60Years12-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They remained at that location until 1935 when further growth caused them to move once again. This time, the administrative offices moved to one location, to the <a href="/wiki/Taft_Building_(Los_Angeles)" title="Taft Building (Los Angeles)">Taft Building</a> at the corner of <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_and_Vine" title="Hollywood and Vine">Hollywood and Vine</a>, while the library moved to 1455 North Gordon Street.<sup id="cite_ref-OscarHist_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OscarHist-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1934, the Academy began publication of the <i>Screen Achievement Records Bulletin</i>, which today is known as the <i>Motion Picture Credits Database</i>. This is a list of film credits up for an Academy Award, as well as other films released in Los Angeles County, using research materials from the Academy's <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Herrick_Library" title="Margaret Herrick Library">Margaret Herrick Library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another publication of the 1930s was the first annual <i>Academy Players Directory</i> in 1937. The Directory was published by the Academy until 2006 when it was sold to a private concern. The Academy had been involved in the technical aspects of film making since its founding in 1927, and by 1938, the Science and Technology Council consisted of 36 technical committees addressing technical issues related to sound recording and reproduction, projection, lighting, film preservation, and cinematography.<sup id="cite_ref-OscarHist_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OscarHist-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Governors_Awards" title="Governors Awards">Governors Awards</a> were held, at which the Academy awards the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt_Humanitarian_Award" title="Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award">Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Irving_G._Thalberg_Memorial_Award" title="Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award">Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award</a>. </p><p>In 2016, the Academy became the <a href="/wiki/88th_Academy_Awards#Criticism_regarding_lack_of_diversity" title="88th Academy Awards">target of criticism</a> for its failure to recognize the achievements of minority professionals. For the second year in a row, all 20 nominees in the major acting categories were white. The president of the Academy <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Boone_Isaacs" title="Cheryl Boone Isaacs">Cheryl Boone Isaacs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CBIElectedPR_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBIElectedPR-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first African American and third woman to lead the Academy,<sup id="cite_ref-CBIElectedGD_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBIElectedGD-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> denied in 2015 that there was a problem. When asked if the Academy had difficulty with recognizing diversity, she replied "Not at all. Not at all."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the nominations for acting were all white for a second year in a row <a href="/wiki/Gil_Robertson_IV" title="Gil Robertson IV">Gil Robertson IV</a>, president of the African American Film Critics Association called it "offensive."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The actors' branch is "overwhelmingly white" and the question is raised whether conscious or unconscious racial biases played a role.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a>, interviewed shortly after the all-white nominee list was published, pointed to Hollywood leadership as the root problem, "We may win an Oscar now and then, but an Oscar is not going to fundamentally change how Hollywood does business. I'm not talking about Hollywood stars. I'm talking about executives. We're not in the room."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boone Isaacs also released a statement, in which she said "I am both heartbroken and frustrated about the lack of inclusion. This is a difficult but important conversation, and it's time for big changes."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Boone Isaac's statement, prominent African-Americans such as director Spike Lee, actors <a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jada_Pinkett_Smith" title="Jada Pinkett Smith">Jada Pinkett Smith</a>, and activist Rev. <a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a> called for a boycott of the 2016 Oscars for failing to recognize minority achievements, the board voted to make "historic" changes to its membership.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Academy stated that by 2020 it would double its number of women and minority members.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the Academy has addressed a higher profile for African-Americans, it has yet to raise the profile of other <a href="/wiki/Person_of_color" title="Person of color">people of color</a> artists, in front of and behind the camera. </p><p>In 2018, the Academy invited a record 928 new members.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Casting director David Rubin was elected President of the Academy in August, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, <i><a href="/wiki/Parasite_(2019_film)" title="Parasite (2019 film)">Parasite</a></i> became the first non-English language film to win <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2022, Bill Kramer was named the CEO of the Academy.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 2022, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Yang" title="Janet Yang">Janet Yang</a> was elected as the first Asian American President of the Academy.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galleries_and_theaters">Galleries and theaters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Galleries and theaters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Academy's numerous and diverse operations are housed in three facilities in the Los Angeles area: the headquarters building in Beverly Hills, which was constructed specifically for the Academy, and two Centers for Motion Picture Study – one in Beverly Hills, the other in Hollywood – which were existing structures restored and transformed to contain the Academy's Library, Film Archive and other departments and programs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current">Current</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Current"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Academy_Headquarters">Academy Headquarters</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Academy Headquarters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Academy Headquarters Building</b> in <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills</a> once housed two galleries that were open free to the public. The Grand Lobby Gallery and the Fourth Floor Gallery offered changing exhibits related to films, film-making and film personalities. These galleries have since been closed in preparation for the opening of the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in 2020. </p><p>The building includes the <b><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Theater" title="Samuel Goldwyn Theater">Samuel Goldwyn Theater</a></b>, which seats 1,012, and was designed to present films at maximum technical accuracy, with state-of-the-art projection equipment and sound system. The theater is busy year-round with the Academy's public programming, members-only screenings, movie premieres and other special activities (including the live television broadcast of the Academy Awards nominations announcement every January). The building once housed the <b>Academy Little Theater</b>, a 67-seat screening facility, but this was converted to additional office space in a building remodel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pickford_Center_for_Motion_Picture_Study">Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PickfordCenter01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PickfordCenter01.jpg/220px-PickfordCenter01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PickfordCenter01.jpg/330px-PickfordCenter01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/PickfordCenter01.jpg/440px-PickfordCenter01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pickford_Center_for_Motion_Picture_Study" title="Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study">Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study</a> in the Hollywood district</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Pickford_Center_for_Motion_Picture_Study" title="Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study">Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study</a></b>, located in central Hollywood and named for legendary actress and Academy founder <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a>, houses several Academy departments, including the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Film_Archive" title="Academy Film Archive">Academy Film Archive</a>, the Science and Technology Council, Student Academy Awards and Grants, and the Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting. The building, originally dedicated on August 18, 1948, is the oldest surviving structure in Hollywood that was designed specifically with television in mind. Additionally, it is the location of the <b>Linwood Dunn Theater</b>, which seats 286 people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fairbanks_Center_for_Motion_Picture_Study">Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waterworks_Building,_Beverly_Hills,_California_LCCN2011633789.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Waterworks_Building%2C_Beverly_Hills%2C_California_LCCN2011633789.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Waterworks_Building%2C_Beverly_Hills%2C_California_LCCN2011633789.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Waterworks_Building%2C_Beverly_Hills%2C_California_LCCN2011633789.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Waterworks_Building%2C_Beverly_Hills%2C_California_LCCN2011633789.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Waterworks_Building%2C_Beverly_Hills%2C_California_LCCN2011633789.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Waterworks_Building%2C_Beverly_Hills%2C_California_LCCN2011633789.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6139" data-file-height="4771" /></a><figcaption>Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study</b> is located at 333 S. <a href="/wiki/La_Cienega_Boulevard" title="La Cienega Boulevard">La Cienega Boulevard</a> in Beverly Hills. It is home to the Academy's <b><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Herrick_Library" title="Margaret Herrick Library">Margaret Herrick Library</a></b>, a world-renowned, non-circulating reference and research collection devoted to the history and development of the motion picture as an art form and an industry. Established in 1928, the library is open to the public and used year-round by students, scholars, historians and industry professionals. The library is named for Margaret Herrick, the Academy's first librarian who also played a major role in the Academy's first televised broadcast, helping to turn the Oscar ceremony into a major annual televised event.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The building itself was built in 1928, where it was originally built to be a water treatment plant for Beverly Hills. Its "bell tower" held water-purifying hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures">The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Academy Museum of Motion Pictures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures" title="Academy Museum of Motion Pictures">Academy Museum of Motion Pictures</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_May_Company_Building_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/The_May_Company_Building_2021.jpg/220px-The_May_Company_Building_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/The_May_Company_Building_2021.jpg/330px-The_May_Company_Building_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/The_May_Company_Building_2021.jpg/440px-The_May_Company_Building_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3986" data-file-height="2201" /></a><figcaption>Academy Museum of Motion Pictures located on the <a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mile,_Los_Angeles" title="Miracle Mile, Los Angeles">Museum Row</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures" title="Academy Museum of Motion Pictures">Academy Museum of Motion Pictures</a></b>, the newest facility associated with the Academy, is the United States' first large-scale museum dedicated to the film industry. Its scheduled opening was on September 30, 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it contains over 290,000 square feet (27,000 m<sup>2</sup>) of galleries, exhibition spaces, movie theaters, educational areas, and special event spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum is located in the historic <a href="/wiki/Saban_Building" title="Saban Building">May Company Building</a>, now named Saban Building. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former">Former</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Former"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Academy_Theater_in_New_York">Academy Theater in New York</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Academy Theater in New York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Academy also has a New York City-based East Coast showcase theater, the Academy Theater at <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_Guild" title="Lighthouse Guild">Lighthouse International</a>. The 220-seat venue was redesigned in 2011 by renowned theater designer Theo Kalomirakis, including an extensive installation of new audio and visual equipment. The theater is in the East 59th Street headquarters of the non-profit vision loss organization, Lighthouse International.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2015, it was announced that the Academy was forced to move out, due to Lighthouse International selling the property the theater was in.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Membership in the Academy is by invitation only. Invitation comes from the Board of Governors. Membership eligibility may be achieved by earning a competitive Oscar nomination, or by the sponsorship of two current Academy members from the same branch to which the candidate seeks admission.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New membership proposals are considered annually in the spring. Press releases announce the names of those who have recently been invited to join. Membership in the Academy does not expire, even if a member struggles later in their career.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Academy membership is divided into 19 branches, representing different disciplines in motion pictures. Members may not belong to more than one branch. Members whose work does not fall within one of the branches may belong to a group known as "Members at Large". Members at Large have all the privileges of branch membership except for representation on the Board. Associate members are those closely allied to the industry but not actively engaged in motion picture production. They are not represented on the Board and do not vote on Academy Awards. </p><p>According to a February 2012 study conducted by the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> (sampling over 5,000 of its 5,765 members), the Academy at that time was 94% white, 77% male, 86% age 50 or older, and had a median age of 62. A third of members were previous winners or nominees of Academy Awards themselves. Of the Academy's 54-member Board of Governors, 25 are female.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 29, 2016, a paradigm shift began in the Academy's selection process, resulting in a new class comprising 46% women and 41% people of color.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effort to diversify the Academy was led by social activist and Broadway Black managing-editor <a href="/wiki/April_Reign" title="April Reign">April Reign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reign created the Twitter hashtag #OscarsSoWhite as a means of criticizing the dearth of non-white nominees for the 2015 Academy Awards. Though the hashtag drew widespread media attention, the Academy remained obstinate on the matter of adopting a resolution that would make demonstrable its efforts to increase diversity. With the 2016 Academy Awards, many, including April Reign, were dismayed by the Academy's indifference about representation and inclusion, as the 2016 nominees were once again entirely white. April Reign revived #OscarsSoWhite, and renewed her campaign efforts, which included multiple media appearances and interviews with reputable news outlets. As a result of Reign's campaign, the discourse surrounding representation and recognition in film spread beyond the United States and became a global discussion <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Faced with mounting pressure to expand the Academy membership, the Academy capitulated and instituted new policies to ensure that future Academy membership invitations would better represent the demographics of modern film-going audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The A2020 initiative was announced in January 2016 to double the number of women and people of color in membership by 2020<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>Members are able to see many new films for free at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater <span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">and other facilities</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> within two weeks of their debut, and sometimes before release; in addition, some of the screeners are available through <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> to its members.<sup id="cite_ref-hammond20120326_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hammond20120326-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expulsions">Expulsions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Expulsions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Five people are known to have been expelled from the Academy. Academy officials acknowledge that other members have been expelled in the past, most for selling their Oscar tickets, but no numbers are available.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>February 3, 2004 – Actor <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Caridi" title="Carmine Caridi">Carmine Caridi</a> was expelled for <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a>. He was accused of leaking <a href="/wiki/Screener_(promotional)" title="Screener (promotional)">screeners</a> that had been sent to him.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>October 13, 2017 – Producer <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Weinstein" title="Harvey Weinstein">Harvey Weinstein</a> was expelled for "<a href="/wiki/Harvey_Weinstein_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse cases">sexually predatory behavior and workplace harassment</a>" after an emergency meeting held on October 13, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 1, 2018 – Actor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a> and director <a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> were expelled "in accordance with the organization's Standards of Conduct".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cosby had been <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby_sexual_assault_cases#Guilty_verdict_and_sentence" title="Bill Cosby sexual assault cases">convicted of sexual assault one week earlier</a>, while Polanski had been convicted in 1977 of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski_sexual_abuse_case" title="Roman Polanski sexual abuse case">unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor</a>.</li> <li>March 17, 2021 – Cinematographer Adam Kimmel was expelled in 2021 after a <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i> story exposed the fact that he is a registered sex offender.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignations">Resignations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Resignations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following members have voluntarily resigned from the organization: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Sound engineer</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Fleischman" title="Tom Fleischman">Tom Fleischman</a> resigned from the Academy on March 5, 2022, citing changes to the broadcast of the <a href="/wiki/94th_Academy_Awards" title="94th Academy Awards">94th Academy Awards ceremony</a>, during which eight award categories – including <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound" title="Academy Award for Best Sound">Best Sound</a> – were not presented live, but rather during the <a href="/wiki/Television_advertisement" title="Television advertisement">commercial breaks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Production_sound_mixer" title="Production sound mixer">Production sound mixer</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kurland" title="Peter Kurland">Peter Kurland</a> also resigned his membership on March 23, 2022, citing the changes.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Actor <a href="/wiki/Will_Smith" title="Will Smith">Will Smith</a> announced his resignation from the Academy on April 1, 2022, five days after his <a href="/wiki/Chris_Rock%E2%80%93Will_Smith_slapping_incident" title="Chris Rock–Will Smith slapping incident">onstage slap</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chris_Rock" title="Chris Rock">Chris Rock</a>, one of the ceremony's presenters, during the 94th Academy Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Branches">Branches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Branches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The nineteen branches of the Academy are (in no particular order):<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)" title="Casting (performing arts)">Casting Directors</a><sup id="cite_ref-CDirBranchPR_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDirBranchPR-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">Cinematographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">Costume Designers</a> (created from former Art Directors Branch)<sup id="cite_ref-2013BoardGD_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2013BoardGD-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">Directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_executive" title="Studio executive">Executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">Film Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make-up_artist" title="Make-up artist">Makeup Artists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hairdresser" title="Hairdresser">Hairstylists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Marketing and Public Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">Producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">Production</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production Designers</a> (created from former Art Directors Branch)<sup id="cite_ref-2013BoardGD_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2013BoardGD-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> (created from former Short Films and Feature Animation Branch)<sup id="cite_ref-AnimShortFilmBranchPR_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnimShortFilmBranchPR-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short Films</a> (created from former Short Films and Feature Animation Branch)<sup id="cite_ref-AnimShortFilmBranchPR_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnimShortFilmBranchPR-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual Effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">Screenwriters</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Board_of_governors">Board of governors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Board of governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of April 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the board of governors consists of 57 governors: three governors from each of the 18 Academy branches and three governors-at-large. The Makeup Artists and Hairstylists Branch, created in 2006, had only one governor until July 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-2013BoardGD_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2013BoardGD-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Casting Directors Branch, created in 2013, elected its first three governors in Fall 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-CDirBranchPR_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDirBranchPR-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The board of governors is responsible for corporate management, control, and general policies. The board of governors also appoints a CEO and a COO to supervise the administrative activities of the Academy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Original_36_founders">Original 36 founders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Original 36 founders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the original formal banquet, which was hosted by Louis B. Mayer in 1927, everyone invited became a founder of the Academy:<sup id="cite_ref-founders_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founders-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dt>Actors</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barthelmess" title="Richard Barthelmess">Richard Barthelmess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Holt_(actor)" title="Jack Holt (actor)">Jack Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Nagel" title="Conrad Nagel">Conrad Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Sills" title="Milton Sills">Milton Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Lloyd" title="Harold Lloyd">Harold Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Directors</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd" title="Frank Lloyd">Frank Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_King_(director)" title="Henry King (director)">Henry King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Niblo" title="Fred Niblo">Fred Niblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Stahl" title="John M. Stahl">John M. Stahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Walsh" title="Raoul Walsh">Raoul Walsh</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dt>Lawyers</dt></dl> <ul><li>Edwin Loeb</li> <li>George W. Cohen</li></ul> <dl><dt>Producers</dt></dl> <ul><li>Fred Beetson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Christie" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Christie">Charles H. Christie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_Grauman" title="Sid Grauman">Sid Grauman</a></li> <li>Milton E. Hoffman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_L._Lasky" title="Jesse L. Lasky">Jesse L. Lasky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._C._Levee" title="M. C. Levee">M. C. Levee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Schenck" title="Joseph M. Schenck">Joseph M. Schenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Thalberg" title="Irving Thalberg">Irving Thalberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Warner" title="Harry Warner">Harry Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Warner" title="Jack L. Warner">Jack L. Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Rapf" title="Harry Rapf">Harry Rapf</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dt>Technicians</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Ball_(inventor)" title="Joseph A. Ball (inventor)">J. Arthur Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedric_Gibbons" title="Cedric Gibbons">Cedric Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Pomeroy" title="Roy Pomeroy">Roy Pomeroy</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Writers</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Farnham" title="Joseph W. Farnham">Joseph W. Farnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Glazer" title="Benjamin Glazer">Benjamin Glazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanie_MacPherson" title="Jeanie MacPherson">Jeanie MacPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Meredyth" title="Bess Meredyth">Bess Meredyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carey_Wilson_(writer)" title="Carey Wilson (writer)">Carey Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._Woods" title="Frank E. Woods">Frank E. Woods</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidents">Presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Presidents are elected for one-year terms and may not be elected for more than four consecutive terms. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>#</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Term </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a></td> <td>1927–1929 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_C._deMille" title="William C. deMille">William C. DeMille</a></td> <td>1929–1931 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/M._C._Levee" title="M. C. Levee">M. C. Levee</a></td> <td>1931–1932 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Nagel" title="Conrad Nagel">Conrad Nagel</a></td> <td>1932–1933 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Reed" title="Theodore Reed">J. Theodore Reed</a></td> <td>1933–1934 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd" title="Frank Lloyd">Frank Lloyd</a></td> <td>1934–1935 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a></td> <td>1935–1939 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> <small>(1st time)</small></td> <td>1939–1941 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a></td> <td>1941 <small>(resigned after two months)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger">Walter Wanger</a> <small>(2nd time)</small></td> <td>1941–1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a></td> <td>1945–1949 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Brackett" title="Charles Brackett">Charles Brackett</a></td> <td>1949–1955 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Seaton" title="George Seaton">George Seaton</a></td> <td>1955–1958 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a></td> <td>1958–1959 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/B._B._Kahane" title="B. B. Kahane">B. B. Kahane</a></td> <td>1959–1960 <small>(died)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valentine_Davies" title="Valentine Davies">Valentine Davies</a></td> <td>1960–1961 <small>(died)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Corey" title="Wendell Corey">Wendell Corey</a></td> <td>1961–1963 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a></td> <td>1963–1967 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a></td> <td>1967–1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Taradash" title="Daniel Taradash">Daniel Taradash</a></td> <td>1970–1973 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mirisch" title="Walter Mirisch">Walter Mirisch</a></td> <td>1973–1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Howard_W._Koch" title="Howard W. Koch">Howard W. Koch</a></td> <td>1977–1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fay_Kanin" title="Fay Kanin">Fay Kanin</a></td> <td>1979–1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gene_Allen_(art_director)" title="Gene Allen (art director)">Gene Allen</a></td> <td>1983–1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a></td> <td>1985–1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td>Richard Kahn</td> <td>1988–1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karl_Malden" title="Karl Malden">Karl Malden</a></td> <td>1989–1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rehme" title="Robert Rehme">Robert Rehme</a> <small>(1st time)</small></td> <td>1992–1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hiller" title="Arthur Hiller">Arthur Hiller</a></td> <td>1993–1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rehme" title="Robert Rehme">Robert Rehme</a> <small>(2nd time)</small></td> <td>1997–2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pierson" title="Frank Pierson">Frank Pierson</a></td> <td>2001–2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sid_Ganis" title="Sid Ganis">Sid Ganis</a></td> <td>2005–2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Sherak" title="Tom Sherak">Tom Sherak</a></td> <td>2009–2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawk_Koch" title="Hawk Koch">Hawk Koch</a></td> <td>2012–2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Boone_Isaacs" title="Cheryl Boone Isaacs">Cheryl Boone Isaacs</a></td> <td>2013–2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Bailey_(cinematographer)" title="John Bailey (cinematographer)">John Bailey</a></td> <td>2017–2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Rubin_(casting_director)" title="David Rubin (casting director)">David Rubin</a></td> <td>2019–2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Janet_Yang" title="Janet Yang">Janet Yang</a></td> <td>2022–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Source: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150401224430/http://www.oscars.org/academy-story">"Academy Story"</a>. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/academy-story">the original</a> on April 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academy+Story&rft.pub=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Facademy-story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_administration">Current administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Current administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Academy officers<sup id="cite_ref-oscars.org_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oscars.org-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt></dl> <ul><li>President – <a href="/wiki/Janet_Yang" title="Janet Yang">Janet Yang</a></li> <li>Vice President – <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Arnold" title="Bonnie Arnold">Bonnie Arnold</a></li> <li>Vice President – <a href="/wiki/Howard_Berger" title="Howard Berger">Howard Berger</a></li> <li>Vice President – Brooke Breton</li> <li>Vice President / Treasurer – Tom Duffield</li> <li>Vice President – <a href="/wiki/DeVon_Franklin" title="DeVon Franklin">DeVon Franklin</a></li> <li>Vice President – <a href="/wiki/Lynette_Howell_Taylor" title="Lynette Howell Taylor">Lynette Howell Taylor</a></li> <li>Vice President / Secretary – <a href="/wiki/Howard_A._Rodman" title="Howard A. Rodman">Howard A. Rodman</a></li> <li>Vice President – Kim Taylor-Coleman</li> <li>Chief Executive Officer – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Kramer_(executive)" title="Bill Kramer (executive)">Bill Kramer</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Governors<sup id="cite_ref-oscars.org_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oscars.org-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt></dl> <ul><li>Actors Branch – <a href="/wiki/Marlee_Matlin" title="Marlee Matlin">Marlee Matlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lou_Diamond_Phillips" title="Lou Diamond Phillips">Lou Diamond Phillips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Wilson" title="Rita Wilson">Rita Wilson</a></li> <li>Casting Directors Branch – Richard Hicks, Kim Taylor-Coleman, <a href="/wiki/Debra_Zane" title="Debra Zane">Debra Zane</a></li> <li>Cinematographers Branch – <a href="/wiki/Dion_Beebe" title="Dion Beebe">Dion Beebe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cameron_(cinematographer)" title="Paul Cameron (cinematographer)">Paul Cameron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Kuras" title="Ellen Kuras">Ellen Kuras</a></li> <li>Costume Designers Branch – <a href="/wiki/Ruth_E._Carter" title="Ruth E. Carter">Ruth E. Carter</a>, Eduardo Castro, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Orlandi" title="Daniel Orlandi">Daniel Orlandi</a></li> <li>Directors Branch – <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Bier" title="Susanne Bier">Susanne Bier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ava_DuVernay" title="Ava DuVernay">Ava DuVernay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jason_Reitman" title="Jason Reitman">Jason Reitman</a></li> <li>Documentary Branch – <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hegedus" title="Chris Hegedus">Chris Hegedus</a>, Simon Kilmurry, Jean Tsien</li> <li>Executives Branch – Pam Abdy, <a href="/wiki/Donna_Gigliotti" title="Donna Gigliotti">Donna Gigliotti</a>, Hannah Minghella</li> <li>Film Editors Branch – Nancy Richardson, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_E._Rivkin" title="Stephen E. Rivkin">Stephen E. Rivkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terilyn_A._Shropshire" title="Terilyn A. Shropshire">Terilyn A. Shropshire</a></li> <li>Makeup Artists and Hairstylists Branch – <a href="/wiki/Howard_Berger" title="Howard Berger">Howard Berger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Corso" title="Bill Corso">Bill Corso</a>, Linda Flowers</li> <li>Marketing and Public Relations Branch – Megan Colligan, David Dinerstein, Laura C. Kim</li> <li>Music Branch – <a href="/wiki/Lesley_Barber" title="Lesley Barber">Lesley Barber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fox_(composer)" title="Charles Fox (composer)">Charles Fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Gibbs" title="Richard Gibbs">Richard Gibbs</a></li> <li>Producers Branch – <a href="/wiki/Jason_Blum" title="Jason Blum">Jason Blum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynette_Howell_Taylor" title="Lynette Howell Taylor">Lynette Howell Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Todd" title="Jennifer Todd">Jennifer Todd</a></li> <li>Production and Technology Branch – <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Aylsworth" title="Wendy Aylsworth">Wendy Aylsworth</a></li> <li>Production Design Branch – Tom Duffield, <a href="/wiki/Kalina_Ivanov" title="Kalina Ivanov">Kalina Ivanov</a>, Missy Parker</li> <li>Short Films and Feature Animation Branch – <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Arnold" title="Bonnie Arnold">Bonnie Arnold</a>, Jinko Gotoh, Marlon West</li> <li>Sound Branch – Gary C. Bourgeois, <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Devlin" title="Peter J. Devlin">Peter J. Devlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Stoeckinger" title="Mark Stoeckinger">Mark Stoeckinger</a></li> <li>Visual Effects Branch – <a href="/wiki/Rob_Bredow" title="Rob Bredow">Rob Bredow</a>, Brooke Breton, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Debevec" title="Paul Debevec">Paul Debevec</a></li> <li>Writers Branch – <a href="/wiki/Howard_A._Rodman" title="Howard A. Rodman">Howard A. Rodman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Roth" title="Eric Roth">Eric Roth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dana_Stevens_(screenwriter)" title="Dana Stevens (screenwriter)">Dana Stevens</a></li> <li>Governors-at-large (nominated by the President and elected by the board) – <a href="/wiki/DeVon_Franklin" title="DeVon Franklin">DeVon Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Garc%C3%ADa_(director)" title="Rodrigo García (director)">Rodrigo García</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Yang" title="Janet Yang">Janet Yang</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/56px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma">Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion Picture Association of America">Motion Picture Association of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-irseos-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-irseos_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/detailsPage?ein=950473280&name=ACADEMY%20OF%20MOTION%20PICTURE%20ARTS%20AND%20SCIENCES&city=&state=&countryAbbr=US&dba=&type=COPYOFRETURNS&orgTags=COPYOFRETURNS">Academy Of Motion Picture Arts And Sciences</a>". <i>Tax Exempt Organization Search</i>. <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a><i>. Retrieved March 30, 2022.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-990-2018-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-990-2018_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2018_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2018_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2018_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2018_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2018_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-990-2018_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.irs.gov/pub/epostcard/cor/950473280_201906_990O_2020092317323589.pdf">Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax</a>". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331172110/https://apps.irs.gov/pub/epostcard/cor/950473280_201906_990O_2020092317323589.pdf">Archived</a> March 31, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</i>. <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a>. June 30, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/academy-story/2010--2019">Academy Story, 2010–2019</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331171137/https://www.oscars.org/academy-story/2010--2019">Archived</a> March 31, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</i>. Retrieved March 30, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">^ Pond, Steve (February 19, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thewrap.com/awards/column-post/ampas-drops-85th-academy-awards-now-its-just-oscars-78211">"AMPAS Drops '85th Academy Awards' – Now It's Just 'The Oscars'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130222012906/http://www.thewrap.com/awards/column-post/ampas-drops-85th-academy-awards-now-its-just-oscars-78211">Archived</a> February 22, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wrap" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wrap">The Wrap</a></i>. Retrieved February 22, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/museum">"Museum"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i>. June 15, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812152507/http://www.oscars.org/museum">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=Museum&rft.date=2020-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Fmuseum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCieply2017" class="citation web cs1">Cieply, Michael (February 15, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2017/02/delayed-academy-movie-museum-tip-toes-into-2019-1201912409/">"Delayed Again, The Academy Movie Museum Tip-Toes Into 2019"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200709113458/https://deadline.com/2017/02/delayed-academy-movie-museum-tip-toes-into-2019-1201912409/">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Delayed+Again%2C+The+Academy+Movie+Museum+Tip-Toes+Into+2019&rft.date=2017-02-15&rft.aulast=Cieply&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2017%2F02%2Fdelayed-academy-movie-museum-tip-toes-into-2019-1201912409%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/02/secret-oscar-history">It all started when the original Hollywood mogul wanted to build a beach house</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200503075358/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2014/02/secret-oscar-history">Archived</a> May 3, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> David Thomson, Vanity Fair, February 21, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scott_Page_119-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Scott_Page_119_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scott_Page_119_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scott_Page_119_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scott_Page_119_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Scott" title="Allen J. Scott">Scott, Allen J.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EzCOBoy1o_MC&pg=PA119"><i>On Hollywood: The Place, the Industry</i></a>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691116839" title="Special:BookSources/9780691116839"><bdi>9780691116839</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Hollywood%3A+The+Place%2C+the+Industry&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780691116839&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Allen+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEzCOBoy1o_MC%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wiley,_Mason_pg._2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wiley,_Mason_pg._2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wiley,_Mason_pg._2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wiley, Mason, and <a href="/wiki/Damien_Bona" title="Damien Bona">Damien Bona</a>. <i>Inside Oscar</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Books" title="Ballantine Books">Ballantine Books</a>, 1986 pg. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levy, Emanuel. <i>And The Winner Is....</i> New York: Ungar Publishing, 1987 pg. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60Years8-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-60Years8_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-60Years8_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Osborne, Robert. <i>60 Years of The Oscar</i>. <a href="/wiki/Abbeville_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbeville Press">Abbeville Press</a>, 1989. Page 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OscarsHist-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OscarsHist_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OscarsHist_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605133157/http://www.oscars.org/academy/history-organization/history.html">"History of the Academy: How It Began"</a>. Oscars.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/academy/history-organization/history.html">the original</a> on June 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Academy%3A+How+It+Began&rft.pub=Oscars.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Facademy%2Fhistory-organization%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60Years9-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60Years9_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osborne, Robert. <i>60 Years of The Oscar</i>. Abbeville Press, 1989. Page 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60Years10-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-60Years10_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-60Years10_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-60Years10_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Osborne, Robert. <i>60 Years of The Oscar</i>. Abbeville Press, 1989. Page 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OscarHist-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OscarHist_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OscarHist_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OscarHist_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OscarHist_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OscarHist_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OscarHist_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605133157/http://www.oscars.org/academy/history-organization/history.html">"History of the Academy"</a>. Oscar.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/academy/history-organization/history.html">the original</a> on June 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Academy&rft.pub=Oscar.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Facademy%2Fhistory-organization%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60Years15-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60Years15_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osborne, Robert. <i>60 Years of The Oscar</i>. Abbeville Press, 1989. Page 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wiley, Mason, and <a href="/wiki/Damien_Bona" title="Damien Bona">Damien Bona</a>. <i>Inside Oscar</i>. New York: Ballantine Books, 1986 pg. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Incandescent-Illumination-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Incandescent-Illumination_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcademy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_SciencesAmerican_Society_of_CinematographersAssociation_of_Motion_Picture_Producers1928" class="citation journal cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>; <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Cinematographers" title="American Society of Cinematographers">American Society of Cinematographers</a>; <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Motion_Picture_Producers" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Motion Picture Producers">Association of Motion Picture Producers</a> (July 1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.oscars.org/digital/collection/p15759coll4/id/2644/">"Incandescent Illumination"</a>. <i>Academy Reports</i>. <b>1</b> (1). Hollywood, CA: Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521214928/https://digitalcollections.oscars.org/digital/collection/p15759coll4/id/2644/">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Transactions, enquiries, demonstrations, tests, etc., on the subject of incandescent illumination as applied to motion picture production / conducted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, in co-operation with American Society of Cinematographers and Association of Motion Picture Producers, during the months of January, February, March and April, 1928.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academy+Reports&rft.atitle=Incandescent+Illumination&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1928-07&rft.au=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.au=American+Society+of+Cinematographers&rft.au=Association+of+Motion+Picture+Producers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcollections.oscars.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp15759coll4%2Fid%2F2644%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcademy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences1931" class="citation book cs1">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (1931). Cowan, Lester (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/science-technology/projects/recording-sound-motion-pictures"><i>Recording Sound for Motion Pictures</i></a>. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521215009/https://www.oscars.org/science-technology/projects/recording-sound-motion-pictures">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2021</span>. <q>(free) A compilation of lectures on sound sponsored by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, held from September 17, 1929 through December 16, 1929.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recording+Sound+for+Motion+Pictures&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Book+Company&rft.date=1931&rft.au=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Fscience-technology%2Fprojects%2Frecording-sound-motion-pictures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcademy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences_Research_Council1938" class="citation book cs1">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Research Council (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/science-technology/sci-tech-projects/motion-picture-sound-engineering"><i>Motion Picture Sound Engineering</i></a>. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, Incorporated. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521215011/https://www.oscars.org/science-technology/sci-tech-projects/motion-picture-sound-engineering">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2021</span>. <q>(free) A Series of Lectures Presented to the Classes Enrolled in the Courses in Sound Engineering Given by the Research Council of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Hollywood, California, in the fall of 1936 and spring of 1937.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Motion+Picture+Sound+Engineering&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=D.+Van+Nostrand+Company%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1938&rft.au=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences+Research+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Fscience-technology%2Fsci-tech-projects%2Fmotion-picture-sound-engineering&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/science-technology/technical-publications">"Technical Publications"</a>. <i>Oscars.org</i>. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. June 23, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521214937/https://www.oscars.org/science-technology/technical-publications">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oscars.org&rft.atitle=Technical+Publications&rft.date=2015-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Fscience-technology%2Ftechnical-publications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCieply2020" class="citation web cs1">Cieply, Michael (March 30, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2020/03/hollywood-coronavirus-fight-history-lesson-war-john-ford-academy-1202893178/">"If History Asserts Itself, Hollywood And Its Film Academy Will Rise To The Coronavirus Fight"</a>. <i>Deadline</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210522051319/https://deadline.com/2020/03/hollywood-coronavirus-fight-history-lesson-war-john-ford-academy-1202893178/">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2021</span>. <q>The organ through which the Academy mobilized was its Research Council, a collection of production executives chaired by Darryl F. Zanuck. Its main contribution was to offer Washington instant access to the studios' filmmaking apparatus. Zanuck explained in a note to the report: "Through the Research Council, the entire vast production facilities and creative talent of the American film industry has been made available to the War Department entirely on a non-profit basis." There were to be no charges for overhead, equipment, stage space or other facilities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline&rft.atitle=If+History+Asserts+Itself%2C+Hollywood+And+Its+Film+Academy+Will+Rise+To+The+Coronavirus+Fight&rft.date=2020-03-30&rft.aulast=Cieply&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2020%2F03%2Fhollywood-coronavirus-fight-history-lesson-war-john-ford-academy-1202893178%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Signal-Corps-Syllabus-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Signal-Corps-Syllabus_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.oscars.org/digital/collection/p15759coll4/id/5855">"Assignment schedule, advanced course in motion picture production for Signal Corps officers, United States Army"</a>. <i>Academy History Archive</i>. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 1940. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521214930/https://digitalcollections.oscars.org/digital/collection/p15759coll4/id/5855">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Syllabus for a 39-week course covering all aspects of filmmaking, including equipment operation and maintenance, laboratory work, story development, directing, sound recording and film editing; 9 pages.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academy+History+Archive&rft.atitle=Assignment+schedule%2C+advanced+course+in+motion+picture+production+for+Signal+Corps+officers%2C+United+States+Army&rft.date=1940&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcollections.oscars.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp15759coll4%2Fid%2F5855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-army.mil-oscars_in_signal_museum-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-army.mil-oscars_in_signal_museum_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrackett2010" class="citation web cs1">Brackett, Charmain Z. (March 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mil/article/35503/oscars_at_home_in_signal_museum">"Oscars at home in Signal Museum"</a>. <i>army.mil</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521214928/https://www.army.mil/article/35503/oscars_at_home_in_signal_museum">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2021</span>. <q>Darryl Zanuck, who headed 20th Century Fox and received the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Irving Thalberg Memorial Award, was a colonel in the Signal Corps during World War II. Also in the Signal Corps during World War II was Oscar winning director Frank Capra, and Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss. 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Page 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141001053352/https://www.oscars.org/research-preservation/resources-databases/mpc.html">"Motion Picture Credits Database"</a>. Oscars.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/research-preservation/resources-databases/mpc.html">the original</a> on October 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cheryl+Boone+Isaacs+elected+first+African-American+head+of+Oscars&rft.pub=Goldderby.com&rft.date=2013-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldderby.com%2Fnews%2F4617%2Fcheryl-boone-isaacs-oscars-ampas-film-news-13579086.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/academy-awards-president-cheryl-boone-isaacs-responds-after-oscars-so-white-snubs-1786682">Academy Awards President Cheryl Boone Isaacs Responds After 'Oscars So White' Snubs On Twitter</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160131021556/http://www.ibtimes.com/academy-awards-president-cheryl-boone-isaacs-responds-after-oscars-so-white-snubs-1786682">Archived</a> January 31, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Tyler McCarthy, international Business Times, January 17, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-academy-members-diversity-20160124-story.html">Oscar nominations uproar raises the question: Did racial bias, conscious or not, come into play?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200710234602/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-academy-members-diversity-20160124-story.html">Archived</a> July 10, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_LA_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The LA Times">The LA Times</a></i>, January 23, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/16/movies/oscar-ballot-is-all-white-for-another-year.html">Another Oscar Year, Another All-White Ballot</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170228203158/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/16/movies/oscar-ballot-is-all-white-for-another-year.html">Archived</a> February 28, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Cara B Buckley, The New York Times, January 15, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooneIsaacs2016" class="citation web cs1">Boone, Cheryl; Isaacs (January 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/news/statement-academy-president-cheryl-boone-isaacs">"STATEMENT FROM ACADEMY PRESIDENT CHERYL BOONE ISAACS"</a>. <i>Oscars.org</i>. 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February 9, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200317072511/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/09/movies/parasite-movie-oscars-best-picture.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.academymuseum.org&rft.atitle=Visit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.academymuseum.org%2Fen%2Fvisit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/academymuseum/">The Academy Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130820122412/http://www.oscars.org/academymuseum/">Archived</a> August 20, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Oscars.org. 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February 27, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150313203351/http://www.oscars.org/about/join-academy">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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February 19, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120226011900/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/academy/la-et-movie-academy-surprises-academy-project-html,0,7659145.htmlstory">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Will+Smith+resigns+from+the+Academy&rft.date=2022-04-03&rft.aulast=Stelter&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F04%2F01%2Fentertainment%2Fwill-smith-resigns-from-academy%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/about/board-of-governors">"Board of Governors"</a>. <i>Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oscars+shockeroo%3A+Alex+Gibney+beats+incumbent+Michael+Moore+for+board+seat&rft.pub=Goldderby.com&rft.date=2013-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldderby.com%2Fnews%2F4543%2Foscars-academy-awards-michael-moore-alex-gibney-film-news-entertainment-13579086.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.oscars.org/news/academy-establishes-new-production-and-technology-branch">"Academy Establishes New Production and Technology Branch"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academy+to+Create+Two+Individual+Branches+From+Short+Films+and+Feature+Animation+Branch%3A+Animation+Branch+and+Short+Films+Branch&rft.pub=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.date=2024-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.oscars.org%2Fnews%2Facademy-create-two-individual-branches-short-films-and-feature-animation-branch-animation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-founders-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-founders_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollywoodgoldenguy.com/About_The_Academy.html">"History of the Academy: Original 36 founders of the Academy Actors"</a>. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences website. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170616091143/http://www.hollywoodgoldenguy.com/About_The_Academy.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Academy%3A+Original+36+founders+of+the+Academy+Actors&rft.pub=Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences+website&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodgoldenguy.com%2FAbout_The_Academy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oscars.org-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oscars.org_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oscars.org_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oscars.org/about/board-of-governors">"Board of Governors"</a>. <i>Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</i>. September 1, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423155551/https://www.oscars.org/about/board-of-governors">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oscars.org+%26%23124%3B+Academy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences&rft.atitle=Board+of+Governors&rft.date=2014-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Fabout%2Fboard-of-governors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAcademy+of+Motion+Picture+Arts+and+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oscars.org">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/TheAcademy">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> on <a 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Awards" title="Template:Academy Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Awards" title="Template talk:Academy Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Awards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#F9EFAA;"><div> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Academy_Award_records" title="List of Academy Award records">Records</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_the_most_Academy_Awards_per_ceremony" title="List of films with the most Academy Awards per ceremony">most wins per ceremony</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Aperture_2025" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Aperture 2025">Academy Aperture 2025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_season" title="Oscar season">Oscar season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_speech" title="Oscar speech">Oscar speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_bait" title="Oscar bait">Oscar bait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_Awards" title="Governors Awards">Governors Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholl_Fellowships_in_Screenwriting" title="Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting">Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards_pre-show" title="Academy Awards pre-show">Pre-show</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F9EFAA;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award of Merit">Awards of Merit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Actress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Supporting Actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress">Supporting Actress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay">Adapted Screenplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay">Original Screenplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Feature" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Feature">Animated Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Feature_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film">Documentary Feature Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">International Feature Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Animated Short Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary Short Film">Documentary Short Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Live Action Short Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Cinematography" title="Academy Award for Best Cinematography">Cinematography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design" title="Academy Award for Best Costume Design">Costume Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Film_Editing" title="Academy Award for Best Film Editing">Film Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Makeup_and_Hairstyling" title="Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling">Makeup and Hairstyling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Academy Award for Best Original Score">Original Score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Academy Award for Best Original Song">Original Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="Academy Award for Best Production Design">Production Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound" title="Academy Award for Best Sound">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Visual_Effects" title="Academy Award for Best Visual Effects">Visual Effects</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Proposed_awards" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F9EFAA;;width:11em">Proposed awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Popular_Film" title="Academy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Popular Film">Popular Film</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F9EFAA;;width:1%">Special awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F9EFAA;;width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Governors_Awards" title="Governors Awards">Governors Awards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_G._Thalberg_Memorial_Award" title="Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award">Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt_Humanitarian_Award" title="Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award">Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Achievement_Academy_Award" title="Special Achievement Academy Award">Special Achievement Academy Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F9EFAA;;width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Scientific_and_Technical_Award" title="Academy Scientific and Technical Award">Academy Scientific<br />and Technical Awards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Scientific_and_Technical_Award#Award_of_Merit" title="Academy Scientific and Technical Award">Academy Award of Merit (non-competitive)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Scientific_and_Technical_Award#Scientific_and_Engineering_Award" title="Academy Scientific and Technical Award">Scientific and Engineering Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Technical_Achievement" title="Academy Award for Technical Achievement">Technical Achievement Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Bonner_Medal_of_Commendation" title="John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation">John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_E._Sawyer_Award" title="Gordon E. Sawyer Award">Gordon E. Sawyer Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F9EFAA;;width:11em">Student Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Student_Academy_Awards" title="Student Academy Awards">Student Academy Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F9EFAA;;width:1%">Former awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F9EFAA;;width:11em">Merit Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Assistant_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Assistant Director">Assistant Director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Dance_Direction" title="Academy Award for Best Dance Direction">Dance Direction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound_Editing" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Sound Editing">Sound Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Story" title="Academy Award for Best Story">Story</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F9EFAA;;width:11em">Special Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Juvenile_Award" title="Academy Juvenile Award">Academy Juvenile Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F9EFAA;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Academy_Awards_ceremonies" title="List of Academy Awards ceremonies">Ceremonies</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(years of film release)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Academy_Awards" title="1st Academy Awards">1927/28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Academy_Awards" title="2nd Academy Awards">1928/29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Academy_Awards" title="3rd Academy Awards">1929/30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Academy_Awards" title="4th Academy Awards">1930/31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Academy_Awards" title="5th Academy Awards">1931/32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Academy_Awards" title="6th Academy Awards">1932/33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Academy_Awards" title="7th Academy Awards">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Academy_Awards" title="8th Academy Awards">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Academy_Awards" title="9th Academy Awards">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Academy_Awards" title="10th Academy Awards">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Academy_Awards" title="11th Academy Awards">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Academy_Awards" title="12th Academy Awards">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Academy_Awards" title="13th Academy Awards">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Academy_Awards" title="14th Academy Awards">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Academy_Awards" title="15th Academy Awards">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Academy_Awards" title="16th Academy Awards">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Academy_Awards" title="17th Academy Awards">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Academy_Awards" title="18th Academy Awards">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Academy_Awards" title="19th Academy Awards">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Academy_Awards" title="20th Academy Awards">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Academy_Awards" title="21st Academy Awards">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Academy_Awards" title="22nd Academy Awards">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Academy_Awards" title="23rd Academy Awards">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Academy_Awards" title="24th Academy Awards">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Academy_Awards" title="25th Academy Awards">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Academy_Awards" title="26th Academy Awards">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Academy_Awards" title="27th Academy Awards">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Academy_Awards" title="28th Academy Awards">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Academy_Awards" title="29th Academy Awards">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30th_Academy_Awards" title="30th Academy Awards">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Academy_Awards" title="31st Academy Awards">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Academy_Awards" title="32nd Academy Awards">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Academy_Awards" title="33rd Academy Awards">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Academy_Awards" title="34th Academy Awards">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Academy_Awards" title="35th Academy Awards">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Academy_Awards" title="36th Academy Awards">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Academy_Awards" title="37th Academy Awards">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Academy_Awards" title="38th Academy Awards">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Academy_Awards" title="39th Academy Awards">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Academy_Awards" title="40th Academy Awards">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41st_Academy_Awards" title="41st Academy Awards">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Academy_Awards" title="42nd Academy Awards">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43rd_Academy_Awards" title="43rd Academy Awards">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Academy_Awards" title="44th Academy Awards">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_Academy_Awards" title="45th Academy Awards">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46th_Academy_Awards" title="46th Academy Awards">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Academy_Awards" title="47th Academy Awards">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Academy_Awards" title="48th Academy Awards">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Academy_Awards" title="49th Academy Awards">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Academy_Awards" title="50th Academy Awards">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Academy_Awards" title="51st Academy Awards">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Academy_Awards" title="52nd Academy Awards">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Academy_Awards" title="53rd Academy Awards">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Academy_Awards" title="54th Academy Awards">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Academy_Awards" title="55th Academy Awards">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Academy_Awards" title="56th Academy Awards">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Academy_Awards" title="57th Academy Awards">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58th_Academy_Awards" title="58th Academy Awards">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Academy_Awards" title="59th Academy Awards">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60th_Academy_Awards" title="60th Academy Awards">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61st_Academy_Awards" title="61st Academy Awards">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/62nd_Academy_Awards" title="62nd Academy Awards">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63rd_Academy_Awards" title="63rd Academy Awards">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64th_Academy_Awards" title="64th Academy Awards">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65th_Academy_Awards" title="65th Academy Awards">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_Academy_Awards" title="66th Academy Awards">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/67th_Academy_Awards" title="67th Academy Awards">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/68th_Academy_Awards" title="68th Academy Awards">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69th_Academy_Awards" title="69th Academy Awards">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70th_Academy_Awards" title="70th Academy Awards">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71st_Academy_Awards" title="71st Academy Awards">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Academy_Awards" title="72nd Academy Awards">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/73rd_Academy_Awards" title="73rd Academy Awards">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74th_Academy_Awards" title="74th Academy Awards">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75th_Academy_Awards" title="75th Academy Awards">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/76th_Academy_Awards" title="76th Academy Awards">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/77th_Academy_Awards" title="77th Academy Awards">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/78th_Academy_Awards" title="78th Academy Awards">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Academy_Awards" title="79th Academy Awards">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80th_Academy_Awards" title="80th Academy Awards">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_Academy_Awards" title="81st Academy Awards">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/82nd_Academy_Awards" title="82nd Academy Awards">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/83rd_Academy_Awards" title="83rd Academy Awards">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/84th_Academy_Awards" title="84th Academy Awards">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Academy_Awards" title="85th Academy Awards">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Academy_Awards" title="86th Academy Awards">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/87th_Academy_Awards" title="87th Academy Awards">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/88th_Academy_Awards" title="88th Academy Awards">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/89th_Academy_Awards" title="89th Academy Awards">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90th_Academy_Awards" title="90th Academy Awards">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/91st_Academy_Awards" title="91st Academy Awards">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92nd_Academy_Awards" title="92nd Academy Awards">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93rd_Academy_Awards" title="93rd Academy Awards">2020/21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/94th_Academy_Awards" title="94th Academy Awards">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/95th_Academy_Awards" title="95th Academy Awards">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Academy_Awards" title="96th Academy Awards">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#F9EFAA;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Academy_Awards" title="Category:Academy Awards">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212329#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212329#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212329#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000419367478">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134803956">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/541493/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5185780-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80020340">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124508549">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124508549">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35000661">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90859418">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810674647305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007257475305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA11116379?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/784619">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033664129">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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