CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <script async> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NT3GRKD'); </script> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NT3GRKD" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" ></iframe> </noscript>   <script> if (document.querySelector('.mainUserSubMenu') !== null) { dataLayer.push({ 'userID': '' }); } </script> <script> const Laravel = { csrfToken: "rllTR6cLv73LjoUjjgwBkODGZUtrOo1FByYjtMFS", locale: "en" }; </script> <title>Home | The Canadian Encyclopedia</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/manifest.json"> <meta name="description" content="History, politics, arts, science & more: the Canadian Encyclopedia is your reference on Canada. Articles, timelines & resources for teachers, students & public."> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/apple-icon-57x57.png?v=f22552fe571739798798bb695565903f"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/apple-icon-60x60.png?v=f417df6dda9ce41f908afc590778f94b"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/apple-icon-72x72.png?v=3af0c2e4ca8c973438f91f44e7a58d6c"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/apple-icon-76x76.png?v=41438835e152256cf9b311eb7eb116c0"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/apple-icon-precomposed.png?v=6d047b2f33e6b90d2af0b41ac01b0566"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/apple-icon.png?v=6d047b2f33e6b90d2af0b41ac01b0566"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/apple-icon-114x114.png?v=91501eda47ce85d33e0feae1630a4e99"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/apple-icon-120x120.png?v=43adb2769c1827f1dda68db736544ec4"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/apple-icon-144x144.png?v=670a8df278b4101e8bf081d7b9ebb258"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/apple-icon-152x152.png?v=db581da4dde2d406e52a132691b14680"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/apple-icon-180x180.png?v=8d4920caa59ad54fb454f2cd80ebfc1c"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/android-icon-192x192.png?v=6d047b2f33e6b90d2af0b41ac01b0566"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="36x36" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/android-icon-36x36.png?v=3e9842d534281da81a0f4b4c81a17592"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/android-icon-48x48.png?v=7eb74dc9409ece0737d81a8ba5841bf7"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/android-icon-72x72.png?v=3af0c2e4ca8c973438f91f44e7a58d6c"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="36x36" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/android-icon-36x36.png?v=3e9842d534281da81a0f4b4c81a17592"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="44x44" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/android-icon-44x44.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/favicon-96x96.png?v=a46206812744ada382bc23a1bc4f1357"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/favicon-96x96.png?v=a46206812744ada382bc23a1bc4f1357"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/favicon-16x16.png?v=ff43d9c7c67bb75a3d9a471a65e6724f"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/manifest.json?v=de0c530598b698ec2dbe765b440b7479"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/ms-icon-144x144.png')}}"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/favicon.ico?v=45c5ae5e358dcde8acbbf3140859fb18" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/favicon/favicon.ico?v=45c5ae5e358dcde8acbbf3140859fb18" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr">  <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/fonts/publico/Publico-Roman.ttf?v=da5cf4834925266e3fe9373d7c20987a" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/fonts/publico/Publico-Bold.ttf?v=3ad7881260304548a929a8add091efad" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/fonts/publico/Publico-Italic.ttf?v=a670bc7591f940131b96c1427a8bfcf9" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/fonts/publico/Publico-BoldItalic.ttf?v=1e6ee343e8f0d8d4784e7adaf55be5ed" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/fonts/avenir/Avenir-Roman.ttf?v=c4ed2390b8880049113ca6b174e5393e" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/fonts/avenir/Avenir-Heavy.ttf?v=6880b7f440fee3d3d23778d295fda4fc" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/fonts/avenir/Avenir-Oblique.ttf?v=b934234a7cf41ebc3b0ed646c856d94a" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/fonts/avenir/Avenir-HeavyOblique.ttf?v=86f5c8cc80dbc9fdac444dacf0798808" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/css/styles.css?v=41689b52880cb1100c1500a341fc85a6"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Trumbowyg/2.20.0/ui/trumbowyg.min.css"> <script> // Polyfill if IE11 var isIE11 = !!window.MSInputMethodContext && !!document.documentMode; if (isIE11) { document.write('<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js"><\/script>'); } if ('serviceWorker' in navigator ) { window.addEventListener('load', function() { navigator.serviceWorker.register('/service-worker.js').then(function(registration) { // Registration was successful console.log('ServiceWorker registration successful with scope: ', registration.scope); }, function(err) { // registration failed :( console.log('ServiceWorker registration failed: ', err); }); }); } </script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.2.4.min.js" integrity="sha256-BbhdlvQf/xTY9gja0Dq3HiwQF8LaCRTXxZKRutelT44=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> </head> <body id="body" data-lang="en" class=" "> <script> const Laravel = { csrfToken: "rllTR6cLv73LjoUjjgwBkODGZUtrOo1FByYjtMFS", locale: "en" }; </script> <header id="header" class="header"> <nav class="nav" role="navigation"> <div id="nav-top" class="nav-menu--top"> <div class="nav-logo--en"> <a aria-label="The Canadian Encyclopedia homepage" class="nav-logo__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en"> </a> </div> <button class="nav-icon--search js-search-tab" aria-label="Search in Canadian Encyclopedia"></button> <button id="nav-menu-toggle" class="nav-icon--hamburger-menu" aria-label="open main navigation"> <div class="icon-container"> <span class="top"></span> <span class="middle"></span> <span class="bottom"></span> </div> </button> </div> <div id="nav-mid" class="nav-menu--mid"> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> topics </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--topics dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <section id="People" class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <div class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/people" aria-label="Browse topic: People"> People </a> <button class="sub-menu__button dropdown-toggler accordion-toggler" aria-label="expand section People"> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> </div> <ul class="sub-menu nested dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> </ul> </section> <section id="Places" class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <div class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/places" aria-label="Browse topic: Places"> Places </a> <button class="sub-menu__button dropdown-toggler accordion-toggler" aria-label="expand section Places"> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> </div> <ul class="sub-menu nested dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> </ul> </section> <section id="Things" class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <div class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/browse/things" aria-label="Browse topic: Things"> Things </a> <button class="sub-menu__button dropdown-toggler accordion-toggler" aria-label="expand section Things"> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> </div> <ul class="sub-menu nested dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> </ul> </section> </div> </div> </section> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> Collections </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--cta dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <ul class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/collections"> All Collections </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/the-memory-project"> The Memory Project </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/cdc"> Canada During Covid </a> </li> </ul> <div class="sub-menu__image"> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x479/media/media/eb6c7a01-bd6a-4ca2-853d-17961fe1a831.jpg" data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x479/media/media/eb6c7a01-bd6a-4ca2-853d-17961fe1a831.jpg" alt="Vancouver’s Chinatown, ca. 1955." /> </div> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/collection/immigration-and-communities-in-canada" class="sub-menu__image__link"> Explore the Immigration and the Communities of Canada collection <span class="link-arrow"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> Educators </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--cta dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <ul class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/educators#education-guides"> Education Guides </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/educators#primary-sources"> Primary Sources </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/educators#interactive-resources"> Interactive Resources </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/quiz/cc-quiz-citizenship"> The Challenge </a> </li> </ul> <div class="sub-menu__image"> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/cc_43.png" data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/cc_43.png" alt="" /> </div> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/collection/citizenship" class="sub-menu__image__link"> Explore the Citizenship Challenge collection <span class="link-arrow"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> Timelines </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--cta dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <ul class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/timelines"> All Timelines </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/timelines/people"> People </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/timelines/places"> Places </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/timelines/things"> Things </a> </li> </ul> <div class="sub-menu__image"> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/media/media/fd704360-23a5-4333-9dc4-fed52fcc81b8.jpg" data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/media/media/fd704360-23a5-4333-9dc4-fed52fcc81b8.jpg" alt="Pier 21"/> </div> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/immigration" class="sub-menu__image__link">Explore the Immigration timeline <span class="link-arrow" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <button class="nav-menu--mid__item__heading dropdown-toggler" aria-haspopup="true" > <span class="top-level-link"> Quizzes </span> <span class="toggle-icon"></span> </button> <div class="sub-menu--cta dropdown-body" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="sub-menu__container"> <ul class="sub-menu__wrapper nav-menu--mid__item dropdown-group"> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/quizzes"> Quizzes </a> </li> <li class="sub-menu__heading"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/quiz/cc-quiz-citizenship"> The Challenge </a> </li> </ul> <div class="sub-menu__image"> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/media/media/be6efbb7-0362-4d09-9a51-beed8fbf73e9.jpg" data-src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/media/media/be6efbb7-0362-4d09-9a51-beed8fbf73e9.jpg" alt="Canadian flags"/> </div> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/quiz/cc-quiz-citizenship" class="sub-menu__image__link">The Challenge <span class="link-arrow"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <button class="nav-icon--search js-search-tab" aria-label="Search in Canadian Encyclopedia"></button> </div> <ul id="nav-low" class="nav-menu--low"> <li class="nav-menu--low__item"> <a class="articleNavPopupEvent btn-login nav-link" href="#" data-target="popup-login" data-toggle="modal" aria-haspopup="dialog"> Sign in </a> </li> <li class="nav-menu--low__item"> <a class="nav-link help-btn" href="/en/about/faq" id="nav-help"> <i class="i-help"></i>Help </a> </li> <li class="nav-menu--low__item--btn"> <a class="b b-sm b-monochrome b-icon-heart" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/donate" target="_blank"> Donate </a> </li> <li class="nav-menu--low__item--lang-toggle"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/fr" aria-label="Toggle site language">fr</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </header> <div id="search" class="searchContainer" > <div class="searchPanel"> <div class="searchPanel-head"> <img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/logo-tce.svg?v=96550f8de20f4537bc4ad37b01dff7f1" alt="The Canadian Encyclopedia"> <h2 class="searchPanel-title">Search The Canadian Encyclopedia</h2> </div> <div class="searchPanel-input-wrap"> <form id="form-search" name="form-search" method="get" data-action="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/search"> <input data-getsearchroute="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/json/search" name="query" type="text" class="input-search input-xl input-fullSpan searchPanel-input" id="inputSearch" /> <button class="searchPanel-searchBtn"> <img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/i-search.svg?v=a1e99ea3dd07831352832b022428584e" alt="Search"> </button> <button class="searchPanel-exit"> <img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/i-exit.svg?v=2601c4155c28e62e1eb2ebc7de9bd1ee" alt="Exit search"> </button> </form> <ul class="search-results"> </ul> </div> <p aria-hidden="true" role="alert" class="searchPanel-errorMsg">Enter your search term</p> <div></div> </div> </div> <div id="popup-login" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-connect"> <h2 class="popup-title">Login</h2> <form method="POST" action="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/members" accept-charset="UTF-8" id="tceLogin" class="form"><input name="_token" type="hidden" value="rllTR6cLv73LjoUjjgwBkODGZUtrOo1FByYjtMFS"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group"> <input class="form-login-email form-control input input-fullSpan" placeholder="Email" name="email" type="email" value=""> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-envelope form-control-feedback"></span> </div> <div class="input-group"> <input class="form-login-password form-control form-password input input-fullSpan" placeholder="Password" name="password" type="password" value=""> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-envelope form-control-feedback"></span> </div> </div> <div class="js-login-error error"></div> <div class="popup-login-option"> <div class="popup-helpers-container"> <div class="form-remember"> <input name="remember_me" type="checkbox" value="1"> <label for="remember_me">Remember me</label> </div> <div class="form-forgot-pass"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/auth/password/reset" class="b-link">I forgot my password</a><br> </div> </div> <input class="b b-md b-invert btn-login-submit" type="submit" value="Submit"> <p class="text-line">or</p> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/auth/facebook" class="btn btn-facebook"><img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/i-facebook-white.svg?v=3decbb62f20c49bf2a86d220cbf213d8" alt="Share on Facebook" title="Share on Facebook"> Login With Facebook</a> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/auth/twitter" class="btn btn-twitter"><img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/i-twitter-x-white.svg?v=762dd4e2da316070386a19085588add2" alt="Share on X" title="Share on X"> Login With X</a> </div> </form> </div> <div class="popup-body login-popup-body"> <a class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></a> <h3>Why sign up?</h3> <p>Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map.</p> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/members/register" class="b b-md b-primary">Create Account </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main id="main-content" class="main-grid--pad"> <div class="main-grid__content--full-pad"> <div class="module-container"> <article class="module module-template-featured-banner span-12 "> <div class="banner"> <div class="banner__container"> <div class="banner__content"> <h1 class="banner__content__title 1">Thomas D'Arcy McGee</h1> <p class="banner__content__category">Article</p> <p class="banner__content__text">Thomas D’Arcy McGee, journalist, politician, poet (born 13 April 1825 in Carlingford, County Louth, Ireland; died 7 April 1868 in Ottawa, ON). Thomas...</p> <a aria-label="Read the Article Thomas D'Arcy McGee" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thomas-darcy-mcgee" class="b b-md b-primary">Read more</a> </div> </div> <img class="banner__image" src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/1420x500/media/homepage_features/mcgee cropped.jpg" alt="Thomas D'Arcy McGee" /> </div> <div id="popup-image" class="modal"> <div class="popup-wrapper popup-wrapper-video"> <div class="popup-content"> <div class="popup-title"> <button class="popup-close" data-dismiss="modal"></button> </div> <div id="image-modal-body" class="popup-body"> <iframe class="iframe-video" width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen src=""></iframe> <img src="" class="popup-image" alt=""> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article class="module module-template-featured-set span-12 "> <div class="callouts-layout__grid"> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/partridge-island" > Partridge Island </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Article</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/media/media/0332fe7a-6266-457b-b839-06a558ff5047.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="Partridge Island, New Brunswick" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kathleen-coleman" > Kit Coleman </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Article</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" alt="" class="image-container__image" /> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thomas-mulcair" > Tom Mulcair </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Article</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/media/media/tm-feature.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-vindicator" > The Vindicator </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Article</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/media/media/Vindicator-feature.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article class="module module-template-quote span-12 "> <div class="blockquote-wrapper link-text-wrap"> <blockquote> <p>When the Great Famine struck Ireland in the late 1840s, hundreds of thousands of Irish people left their homes to migrate to British North America and the United States, bringing with them bitter memories of death, disease, suffering and evictions. <br> </p> <span><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/studyguide/the-fenian-raids-education-guide" class="b-link">The Fenian Raids</a>, <i><p>Historica Canada education guide </p></i></span> </blockquote> </div> </article> <article class="module module-template-content span-12 "> </article> <article class="module module-template-today-in-history span-12 "> <div class="grid--col12"> <h3 class="grid-child--offset-1 section-title space-below--l">Today in Canadian History</h3> </div> <div class="calendar calendar-homepage module"> <div class="date-container"> <span> Mar </span> <span> 1 </span> </div> <div id="homepage-events-calendar" class="date-event-container grid--col10"> <slider :slider-content="JSON.parse('[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00223618\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221861\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00222006-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00222006-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222016-04-29 11:52:03\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:06:18.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-05-28T18:12:13.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Gay Wins Vicky Metcalf Award\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Marie-Louise Gay won the Vicky Metcalf Award for a body of work in children\\u0027s literature.\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002231fa455b-eb68-4850-96fc-226a6f99061a\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00223618\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Gay Wins Vicky Metcalf Award\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Marie-Louise Gay won the Vicky Metcalf Award for a body of work in children\\u0027s literature.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00224e0fbf03-2613-489e-98ba-692ce14c4fa9\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00223618\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Gay re\\u00e7oit le Prix Vicky-Metcalf\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Marie-Louise Gay re\\u00e7oit le prix Vicky-Metcalf pour l\\u0027ensemble de son oeuvre consacr\\u00e9e \\u00e0 la litt\\u00e9rature pour enfants.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00224479\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221861\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221903-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221903-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222016-04-08 08:43:20\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:06:47.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-06-08T19:47:32.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Nationalist League\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022The Nationalist League was founded to spread the nationalist views of its mentor, Henri Bourassa, in opposition to the renewed British imperialism in English Canada.\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022290f2654-f81e-47df-9c5e-9644ac812499\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00224479\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Nationalist League\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022The Nationalist League was founded to spread the nationalist views of its mentor, Henri Bourassa, in opposition to the renewed British imperialism in English Canada.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022a57e98a2-e570-4e4e-a6cc-f1bbce757c66\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00224479\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Ligue nationaliste\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Henri Bourassa, voulant partager ses opinions nationalistes, fonde la Ligue nationaliste, qui proteste contre le renouveau de l\\u0027imp\\u00e9rialisme britannique au Canada anglais.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225312\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/media\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u002204c5cf2b-940f-4410-b1a6-fa7105c8b99e\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022jpg\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/jpeg\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:100000,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-07T22:56:04.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-21T13:24:18.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Henri Bourassa, publisher\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Henri Bourassa, publisher\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Founder of \\u003Ci\\u003ELe Devoir\\u003C\\\/i\\u003E and opponent of Canadian involvement in foreign military adventures, Bourassa inspired the growth of a vigorous nationalism in Qu\\u00e9bec.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Library and Archives Canada\\\/C-27360\\\/Henri Bourassa Coll)\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/04c5cf2b-940f-4410-b1a6-fa7105c8b99e.jpg\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/04c5cf2b-940f-4410-b1a6-fa7105c8b99e.jpg\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Library and Archives Canada\\\/C-27360\\\/Henri Bourassa Coll)\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u00224479\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225312\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022e82ebfec-7da1-47f3-b89d-bcff76db46b9\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225312\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Henri Bourassa, publisher\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Henri Bourassa, publisher\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Founder of \\u003Ci\\u003ELe Devoir\\u003C\\\/i\\u003E and opponent of Canadian involvement in foreign military adventures, Bourassa inspired the growth of a vigorous nationalism in Qu\\u00e9bec.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Library and Archives Canada\\\/C-27360\\\/Henri Bourassa Coll)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Library and Archives Canada\\\/C-27360\\\/Henri Bourassa Coll)\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022fec23277-3cbe-4845-bec1-a0fe65a52f43\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225312\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Henri Bourassa\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Henri Bourassa\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Fondateur du journal \\u003Ci\\u003ELe Devoir\\u003C\\\/i\\u003E et opposant \\u00e0 l\\u0027action militaire canadienne \\u00e0 l\\u0027\\u00e9tranger, Bourassa stimule la croissance d\\u0027un nationalisme vigoureux au Qu\\u00e9bec.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(Avec la permission de Biblioth\\u00e8que et Archives Canada \\\/C-27360\\\/Henri Bourassa Coll)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(Avec la permission de Biblioth\\u00e8que et Archives Canada \\\/C-27360\\\/Henri Bourassa Coll)\u0022}]}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022460736cf-5eb6-4176-a430-1f489e881385\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:null,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221966-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221966-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222022-12-01T18:46:03.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222022-12-01T18:47:35.000000Z\u0022,\u0022articles\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002211f7ca40-1128-4b09-863d-7b7c3f19c75e\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222022-01-18T20:52:55.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222022-01-18T21:02:38.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/susan-auch\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Susan Auch\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022susan-auch\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ESusan Margaret Auch, speed skater, executive, realtor, advocate, politician (born 1 March 1966 in Winnipeg, MB). Four-time Olympian Susan Auch won two silver medals in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/speed-skating\\u0022\\u003Espeed skating\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tat the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/winter-olympic-games\\u0022\\u003EOlympic Winter Games\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. She also won three gold medals and four silver medals at the 1995 Long Track Speed Skating World Cup, which earned her the 1995 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/bobbie-rosenfeld-award\\u0022\\u003EBobbie Rosenfeld Award\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tas Canada\\u2019s female athlete of the year. Auch joined the board of Speed Skating Canada in 2008. She became president in 2016 and CEO in 2017. She also made an unsuccessful run for provincial office in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/manitoba\\u0022\\u003EManitoba\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tin 2011. She has been inducted into the Speed Skating Canada Hall of Fame, the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame, the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame, the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame and \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadas-sports-hall-of-fame\\u0022\\u003ECanada\\u2019s Sports Hall of Fame\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022460736cf-5eb6-4176-a430-1f489e881385\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002211f7ca40-1128-4b09-863d-7b7c3f19c75e\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00228086b8cb-4082-485a-bd0a-09b76d4e144e\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002211f7ca40-1128-4b09-863d-7b7c3f19c75e\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Susan Auch\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ESusan Margaret Auch, speed skater, executive, realtor, advocate, politician (born 1 March 1966 in Winnipeg, MB). Four-time Olympian Susan Auch won two silver medals in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/speed-skating\\u0022\\u003Espeed skating\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tat the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/winter-olympic-games\\u0022\\u003EOlympic Winter Games\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. She also won three gold medals and four silver medals at the 1995 Long Track Speed Skating World Cup, which earned her the 1995 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/bobbie-rosenfeld-award\\u0022\\u003EBobbie Rosenfeld Award\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tas Canada\\u2019s female athlete of the year. Auch joined the board of Speed Skating Canada in 2008. She became president in 2016 and CEO in 2017. She also made an unsuccessful run for provincial office in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/manitoba\\u0022\\u003EManitoba\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tin 2011. She has been inducted into the Speed Skating Canada Hall of Fame, the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame, the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame, the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame and \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadas-sports-hall-of-fame\\u0022\\u003ECanada\\u2019s Sports Hall of Fame\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022susan-auch\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222022-01-18T20:52:55.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222022-01-18T21:02:38.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022e42dd498-d1e2-4083-8634-985e4c798c8b\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002211f7ca40-1128-4b09-863d-7b7c3f19c75e\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Susan Auch\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ESusan Margaret Auch, patineuse de vitesse, cadre, agente immobili\\u00e8re, militante et politicienne (n\\u00e9e le 1\\u003Csup\\u003Eer\\u003C\\\/sup\\u003E mars 1966 \\u00e0 Winnipeg, au Manitoba). Susan Auch, qui a particip\\u00e9 quatre fois aux Jeux olympiques, a remport\\u00e9 deux m\\u00e9dailles d\\u2019argent en \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/speed-skating\\u0022\\u003Epatinage de vitesse\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E aux \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/winter-olympic-games\\u0022\\u003EJeux olympiques d\\u2019hiver\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Elle a \\u00e9galement remport\\u00e9 trois m\\u00e9dailles d\\u2019or et quatre m\\u00e9dailles d\\u2019argent \\u00e0 la Coupe du monde de patinage de vitesse sur longue piste de 1995, ce qui lui a valu le \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/prix-bobbie-rosenfeld\\u0022\\u003Eprix Bobbie Rosenfeld\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E de l\\u2019athl\\u00e8te f\\u00e9minine de l\\u2019ann\\u00e9e au Canada. Susan Auch s\\u2019est jointe au conseil d\\u2019administration de Patinage de vitesse Canada en 2008. Elle en est devenue pr\\u00e9sidente en 2016 et chef de la direction en 2017. Elle s\\u2019est \\u00e9galement pr\\u00e9sent\\u00e9e sans succ\\u00e8s aux \\u00e9lections provinciales du \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/manitoba\\u0022\\u003EManitoba\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E en 2011. Elle a \\u00e9t\\u00e9 intronis\\u00e9e au Temple de la renomm\\u00e9e de Patinage de vitesse Canada, au Temple de la renomm\\u00e9e des sports de l\\u2019Alberta, au Temple de la renomm\\u00e9e des sports du Manitoba, au Temple de la renomm\\u00e9e olympique du Canada et au \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/canadas-sports-hall-of-fame\\u0022\\u003EPanth\\u00e9on des sports canadiens\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022susan-auch\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222022-01-18T20:52:55.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222022-01-18T21:02:38.000000Z\u0022}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00222621424f-2989-45f7-a501-29f6f4a4388a\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:\u0022Andrew McIntosh\u0022,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222018-12-21T18:27:46.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-01-16T17:35:09.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/bobbie-rosenfeld-award\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Bobbie Rosenfeld Award\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022bobbie-rosenfeld-award\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022The Bobbie Rosenfeld Award is presented annually to Canada\\u0027s best female athlete, as decided by a poll of Canadian sports \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/journalism\\u0022\\u003Ejournalists\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. The title was first awarded in 1932 and became\\r\\nknown as the Bobbie Rosenfeld Award in 1978. It is named after \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/fanny-rosenfeld\\u0022\\u003EFanny \\u201cBobbie\\u201d Rosenfeld\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, a multisport athlete, Olympic medallist and sportswriter. The poll was suspended between\\r\\n1942 and 1945, during the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/second-world-war-wwii\\u0022\\u003ESecond World War\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Golfer \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/marlene-stewart-streit\\u0022\\u003EMarlene Stewart Streit\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E won\\r\\na record five titles between 1952 and 1963. The most recent recipient is \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/swimming-speed\\u0022\\u003Eswimmer\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/summer-mcintosh\\u0022\\u003ESummer McIntosh\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, who won in both 2023 and 2024.\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022460736cf-5eb6-4176-a430-1f489e881385\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u00222621424f-2989-45f7-a501-29f6f4a4388a\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022da470114-95f6-4380-b877-4f76f86a39b9\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u00222621424f-2989-45f7-a501-29f6f4a4388a\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Bobbie Rosenfeld Award\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022The Bobbie Rosenfeld Award is presented annually to Canada\\u0027s best female athlete, as decided by a poll of Canadian sports \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/journalism\\u0022\\u003Ejournalists\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. The title was first awarded in 1932 and became\\r\\nknown as the Bobbie Rosenfeld Award in 1978. It is named after \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/fanny-rosenfeld\\u0022\\u003EFanny \\u201cBobbie\\u201d Rosenfeld\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, a multisport athlete, Olympic medallist and sportswriter. The poll was suspended between\\r\\n1942 and 1945, during the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/second-world-war-wwii\\u0022\\u003ESecond World War\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Golfer \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/marlene-stewart-streit\\u0022\\u003EMarlene Stewart Streit\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E won\\r\\na record five titles between 1952 and 1963. The most recent recipient is \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/swimming-speed\\u0022\\u003Eswimmer\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/summer-mcintosh\\u0022\\u003ESummer McIntosh\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, who won in both 2023 and 2024.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022bobbie-rosenfeld-award\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222018-12-21T18:27:46.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-21T19:03:18.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022c185eb33-bb8f-4aa4-931b-7becc47f6425\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u00222621424f-2989-45f7-a501-29f6f4a4388a\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Prix Bobbie Rosenfeld\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EChaque ann\\u00e9e, on attribue le prix Bobbie-Rosenfeld \\u00e0 la meilleure athl\\u00e8te f\\u00e9minine, choisie apr\\u00e8s le sondage aupr\\u00e8s de journalistes sportifs canadiens. Le prix est cr\\u00e9\\u00e9 en 1932 et il re\\u00e7oit le nom de Bobbie Rosenfeld en 1978. C\\u2019est le nom d\\u2019une athl\\u00e8te\\r\\n\\tmultidisciplinaire, m\\u00e9dailliste \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/jeux-olympiques-dete\\u0022\\u003Eolympique\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E et chroniqueuse du sport, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/rosenfeld-fanny\\u0022\\u003EFanny \\u00ab\\u0026nbsp;Bobbie\\u0026nbsp;\\u00bb Rosenfeld\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\r\\n\\tPendant la Deuxi\\u00e8me Guerre mondiale, entre 1942 et 1945, le sondage est suspendu. Entre 1952 et 1963, c\\u2019est la golfeuse \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/marlene-stewart-streit\\u0022\\u003EMarlene Stewart Streit\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E qui remporte cinq fois\\r\\n\\tle prix, un nombre record. La laur\\u00e9ate du prix la plus r\\u00e9cente, en les deux 2023 et 2024, est la \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/natation-de-competition\\u0022\\u003Enageuse\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/summer-mcintosh\\u0022\\u003ESummer McIntosh\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022prix-bobbie-rosenfeld\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222018-12-21T18:27:46.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-21T19:03:18.000000Z\u0022}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002274127\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022J. Thomas West\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:null,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:null,\u0022indigo\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222010-02-24T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-02-13T13:51:32.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/speed-skating\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Speed Skating\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022speed-skating\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Speed-skating races are held for men and women both indoors and outdoors. Outdoor races are held on open-air oval tracks 400 m in length. Two competitors race in separate lanes against the clock, changing lanes at each lap so that both skaters go the same distance.\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022460736cf-5eb6-4176-a430-1f489e881385\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002274127\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022d30f43ca-1394-4eb9-b605-8aeb0627d67e\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002274127\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Speed Skating\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Speed-skating races are held for men and women both indoors and outdoors. Outdoor races are held on open-air oval tracks 400 m in length. Two competitors race in separate lanes against the clock, changing lanes at each lap so that both skaters go the same distance.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022speed-skating\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222010-02-24T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-02-13T13:51:32.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022e9050b9b-efc5-4ec8-b1a6-e930251c7c4f\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002274127\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Patinage de vitesse\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Les courses de patinage de vitesse se d\\u00e9roulent autant \\u00e0 l\\u0027int\\u00e9rieur qu\\u0027\\u00e0 l\\u0027ext\\u00e9rieur et les hommes comme les femmes y participent. Les courses ext\\u00e9rieures se tiennent en plein air sur des pistes ovales de 400\\u00a0m de longueur.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022patinage-de-vitesse\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222010-02-24T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-02-13T13:51:32.000000Z\u0022}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002284004\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022J. Thomas West\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:\u0022Tabitha Marshall\u0022,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222009-10-14T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-06T19:45:52.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadas-sports-hall-of-fame\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canada\\u0027s Sports Hall of Fame\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022canadas-sports-hall-of-fame\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ECanada\\u0027s Sports Hall of Fame (CSHoF) is Canada\\u0027s only national museum of sport. It is dedicated to preserving and increasing Canadians\\u0027 awareness of their \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/sports-history\\u0022\\u003Esporting heritage\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\r\\n\\tFounded in 1955 through the efforts of Harry I. Price, the hall was originally located on the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadian-national-exhibition\\u0022\\u003ECNE\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E grounds in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/toronto\\u0022\\u003EToronto\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tbut closed in 1993. It opened at Canada Olympic Park in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/calgary\\u0022\\u003ECalgary\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E in 2011, and transformed into a digital museum in 2020. More than 750 athletes across nearly 80 sports have been inducted\\r\\n\\tinto the Hall of Fame in one of three categories: Athletes, Builders, and Trailblazers.\\u00a0\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022460736cf-5eb6-4176-a430-1f489e881385\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002284004\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e264eb6-fc86-4b99-8fea-52142d73cda6\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002284004\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canada\\u0027s Sports Hall of Fame [\\u0391\\u03b8\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03cc Hall of Fame \\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c5 \\u039a\\u03b1\\u03bd\\u03b1\\u03b4\\u03ac]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u03a4\\u03bf Sports Hall of Fame \\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c5 \\u039a\\u03b1\\u03bd\\u03b1\\u03b4\\u03ac (CShoF) \\u03b5\\u03af\\u03bd\\u03b1\\u03b9 \\u03c4\\u03bf \\u03bc\\u03bf\\u03bd\\u03b1\\u03b4\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03cc \\u03b5\\u03b8\\u03bd\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03cc \\u03bc\\u03bf\\u03c5\\u03c3\\u03b5\\u03af\\u03bf \\u03b1\\u03b8\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03b9\\u03c3\\u03bc\\u03bf\\u03cd \\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c5 \\u039a\\u03b1\\u03bd\\u03b1\\u03b4\\u03ac. \\u0395\\u03af\\u03bd\\u03b1\\u03b9 \\u03b1\\u03c6\\u03b9\\u03b5\\u03c1\\u03c9\\u03bc\\u03ad\\u03bd\\u03bf \\u03c3\\u03c4\\u03b7 \\u03b4\\u03b9\\u03b1\\u03c4\\u03ae\\u03c1\\u03b7\\u03c3\\u03b7 \\u03ba\\u03b1\\u03b9 \\u03c4\\u03b7\\u03bd \\u03b1\\u03cd\\u03be\\u03b7\\u03c3\\u03b7 \\u03c4\\u03b7\\u03c2 \\u03b5\\u03c5\\u03b1\\u03b9\\u03c3\\u03b8\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c0\\u03bf\\u03af\\u03b7\\u03c3\\u03b7\\u03c2 \\u03c4\\u03c9\\u03bd \\u039a\\u03b1\\u03bd\\u03b1\\u03b4\\u03ce\\u03bd \\u03b3\\u03b9\\u03b1 \\u03c4\\u03b7\\u03bd \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/sports-history\\u0022\\u003E\\u03b1\\u03b8\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03ae \\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c5\\u03c2 \\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c1\\u03bf\\u03bd\\u03bf\\u03bc\\u03b9\\u03ac\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. \\u0399\\u03b4\\u03c1\\u03cd\\u03b8\\u03b7\\u03ba\\u03b5 \\u03c4\\u03bf 1955 \\u03bc\\u03b5 \\u03c4\\u03b9\\u03c2 \\u03c0\\u03c1\\u03bf\\u03c3\\u03c0\\u03ac\\u03b8\\u03b5\\u03b9\\u03b5\\u03c2 \\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c5 Harry I. Price, \\u03b7 \\u03b1\\u03af\\u03b8\\u03bf\\u03c5\\u03c3\\u03b1 \\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03c7\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03ac \\u03b2\\u03c1\\u03b9\\u03c3\\u03ba\\u03cc\\u03c4\\u03b1\\u03bd \\u03c3\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c5\\u03c2 \\u03c7\\u03ce\\u03c1\\u03bf\\u03c5\\u03c2 \\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c5 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadian-national-exhibition\\u0022\\u003ECNE \\u03c3\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/toronto\\u0022\\u003E\\u03a4\\u03bf\\u03c1\\u03cc\\u03bd\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\u03b1\\u03bb\\u03bb\\u03ac \\u03ad\\u03ba\\u03bb\\u03b5\\u03b9\\u03c3\\u03b5 \\u03c4\\u03bf 1993. \\u0386\\u03bd\\u03bf\\u03b9\\u03be\\u03b5 \\u03c3\\u03c4\\u03bf \\u039f\\u03bb\\u03c5\\u03bc\\u03c0\\u03b9\\u03b1\\u03ba\\u03cc \\u03a0\\u03ac\\u03c1\\u03ba\\u03bf \\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c5 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/calgary\\u0022\\u003E\\u039a\\u03b1\\u03bd\\u03b1\\u03b4\\u03ac \\u03c3\\u03c4\\u03bf \\u039a\\u03ac\\u03bb\\u03b3\\u03ba\\u03b1\\u03c1\\u03b9\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u03c4\\u03bf 2011 \\u03ba\\u03b1\\u03b9 \\u03bc\\u03b5\\u03c4\\u03b1\\u03c4\\u03c1\\u03ac\\u03c0\\u03b7\\u03ba\\u03b5 \\u03c3\\u03b5 \\u03c8\\u03b7\\u03c6\\u03b9\\u03b1\\u03ba\\u03cc \\u03bc\\u03bf\\u03c5\\u03c3\\u03b5\\u03af\\u03bf \\u03c4\\u03bf 2020. \\u03a0\\u03b5\\u03c1\\u03b9\\u03c3\\u03c3\\u03cc\\u03c4\\u03b5\\u03c1\\u03bf\\u03b9 \\u03b1\\u03c0\\u03cc 750 \\u03b1\\u03b8\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03ad\\u03c2 \\u03c3\\u03b5 \\u03c3\\u03c7\\u03b5\\u03b4\\u03cc\\u03bd 80 \\u03b1\\u03b8\\u03bb\\u03ae\\u03bc\\u03b1\\u03c4\\u03b1 \\u03ad\\u03c7\\u03bf\\u03c5\\u03bd \\u03b5\\u03b9\\u03c3\\u03b1\\u03c7\\u03b8\\u03b5\\u03af \\u03c3\\u03c4\\u03bf Hall of Fame \\u03c3\\u03b5 \\u03bc\\u03af\\u03b1 \\u03b1\\u03c0\\u03cc \\u03c4\\u03b9\\u03c2 \\u03c4\\u03c1\\u03b5\\u03b9\\u03c2 \\u03ba\\u03b1\\u03c4\\u03b7\\u03b3\\u03bf\\u03c1\\u03af\\u03b5\\u03c2: \\u0391\\u03b8\\u03bb\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03ad\\u03c2, \\u039a\\u03b1\\u03c4\\u03b1\\u03c3\\u03ba\\u03b5\\u03c5\\u03b1\\u03c3\\u03c4\\u03ad\\u03c2 \\u03ba\\u03b1\\u03b9 \\u03a4\\u03c1\\u03bf\\u03c5\\u03c0\\u03b9\\u03c3\\u03c4\\u03ad\\u03c2. \\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022kanadaselathelitismoselaithoysaelfimis\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022el\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-06T20:27:45.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-06T20:27:45.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002230560dc8-8d10-4711-9f49-4f540816480b\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002284004\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canada\\u0027s Sports Hall of Fame\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ECanada\\u0027s Sports Hall of Fame (CSHoF) is Canada\\u0027s only national museum of sport. It is dedicated to preserving and increasing Canadians\\u0027 awareness of their \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/sports-history\\u0022\\u003Esporting heritage\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\r\\n\\tFounded in 1955 through the efforts of Harry I. Price, the hall was originally located on the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadian-national-exhibition\\u0022\\u003ECNE\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E grounds in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/toronto\\u0022\\u003EToronto\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tbut closed in 1993. It opened at Canada Olympic Park in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/calgary\\u0022\\u003ECalgary\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E in 2011, and transformed into a digital museum in 2020. More than 750 athletes across nearly 80 sports have been inducted\\r\\n\\tinto the Hall of Fame in one of three categories: Athletes, Builders, and Trailblazers.\\u00a0\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022canadas-sports-hall-of-fame\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222009-10-14T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-19T17:15:36.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022940b9c83-7c3f-48d5-bf34-29cb74a1a90a\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002284004\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Panth\\u00e9on des sports canadiens\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ELe Panth\\u00e9on des sports canadiens est le seul mus\\u00e9e national du sport au pays. Il vise \\u00e0 sensibiliser les Canadiens \\u00e0 leur \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/histoire-des-sports\\u0022\\u003Epatrimoine sportif\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E et \\u00e0 le pr\\u00e9server. Fond\\u00e9 en\\r\\n 1955 gr\\u00e2ce aux initiatives d\\u2019Harry I. Price, il \\u00e9tait \\u00e0 l\\u2019origine situ\\u00e9 sur le site de l\\u2019\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/exposition-nationale-canadienne\\u0022\\u003EExposition nationale canadienne\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u00e0 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/toronto-7\\u0022\\u003EToronto\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E,\\r\\n mais il a ferm\\u00e9 en 1993. Il a \\u00e9t\\u00e9 relocalis\\u00e9 dans le Parc Olympique Canada, \\u00e0 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/calgary-3\\u0022\\u003ECalgary\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, en 2011, puis transform\\u00e9 en mus\\u00e9e virtuel en 2020. Plus de 750 athl\\u00e8tes de pr\\u00e8s de 80 sports\\r\\n ont \\u00e9t\\u00e9 intronis\\u00e9s au Panth\\u00e9on dans l\\u2019une des trois cat\\u00e9gories suivantes\\u00a0: athl\\u00e8tes, b\\u00e2tisseurs et pionniers.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022temple-de-la-renommee-des-sports-du-canada\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222009-10-14T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-19T17:15:36.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e264ea5-3b0a-43e7-8976-c2a861ad8570\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002284004\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canada\\u0027s Sports Hall of Fame [Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa Michezo wa Canada]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EJumba la Maarufu ya Michezo ya Canada (CSHof) ni makumbusho ya kitaifa la michezo la Canada. Imejitolea kuhifadhi na kuongeza ufahamu wa Kanada juu ya urithi wao wa \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/sports-history\\u0022\\u003Emich\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E ezo. Ilianzishwa mwaka 1955 kupitia juhudi za Harry I. Price, ukumbi huo awali ulikuwa kwenye uwanja wa \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadian-national-exhibition\\u0022\\u003ECNE\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E huko \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/toronto\\u0022\\u003EToronto\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E lakini ilifungwa mwaka 1993. Ilifunguliwa katika Hifadhi ya Olimpiki ya Canada huko \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/calgary\\u0022\\u003ECalgary\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E mnamo 2011, na ilibadilishwa kuwa makumbusho la dijiti mnamo 2020. Zaidi ya wanariadha 750 katika michezo karibu 80 wameingizwa kwenye Jumba la Umaarufu katika moja ya kategoria tatu: Wanariadha, Wajenzi, na Wafanyakazi. \\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022canadaswmichoswjukswaswumaarufu\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022sw\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-06T20:27:33.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-06T20:27:33.000000Z\u0022}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002286009\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022James Marsh\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:\u0022Jeremy Freeborn, Tabitha Marshall\u0022,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:null,\u0022indigo\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222011-10-24T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-04-27T14:55:06.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/winter-olympic-games\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canada at the Olympic Winter Games\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022winter-olympic-games\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Olympic Games are an international sports competition, held every four years. Although winter events were included in the 1908 and 1920 Olympic Games, the first separate Olympic Winter Games were held in 1924 in Chamonix, France. Canada has hosted two Olympic Winter Games: in Calgary in 1988 and Vancouver in 2010. In total, Canada has won 199 medals at the Olympic Winter Games: 73 gold, 64 silver and 62 bronze medals. This does not include the gold medal in ice hockey won by Canada at the 1920 Olympic Games; while considered the first Olympic medal in ice hockey, it preceded the establishment of the Olympic Winter Games. The country ranks fifth in the total number of medals won at the Olympic Winter Games.\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022460736cf-5eb6-4176-a430-1f489e881385\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002286009\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022fa7a3f53-a498-4577-aaf3-a55a51d77428\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002286009\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canada at the Olympic Winter Games\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Olympic Games are an international sports competition, held every four years. Although winter events were included in the 1908 and 1920 Olympic Games, the first separate Olympic Winter Games were held in 1924 in Chamonix, France. Canada has hosted two Olympic Winter Games: in Calgary in 1988 and Vancouver in 2010. In total, Canada has won 199 medals at the Olympic Winter Games: 73 gold, 64 silver and 62 bronze medals. This does not include the gold medal in ice hockey won by Canada at the 1920 Olympic Games; while considered the first Olympic medal in ice hockey, it preceded the establishment of the Olympic Winter Games. The country ranks fifth in the total number of medals won at the Olympic Winter Games.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022winter-olympic-games\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222011-10-24T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-04-27T14:55:06.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022c7e15de9-3743-439c-9802-494eab077f5f\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002286009\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Le Canada aux Jeux olympiques d\\u2019hiver\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Les Jeux olympiques sont une comp\\u00e9tition sportive internationale, organis\\u00e9e tous les quatre ans. Bien que, de 1908 \\u00e0 1920, des \\u00e9preuves hivernales se soient tenues lors des Jeux olympiques, les premiers Jeux olympiques d\\u2019hiver s\\u00e9par\\u00e9s se sont d\\u00e9roul\\u00e9s en 1924 \\u00e0 Chamonix, en France. Le Canada a organis\\u00e9 les Jeux olympiques d\\u2019hiver deux fois : \\u00e0 Calgary, en 1988, et \\u00e0 Vancouver, en 2010. Au total, le Canada a remport\\u00e9 199 m\\u00e9dailles aux Jeux olympiques d\\u2019hiver : 73 m\\u00e9dailles d\\u2019or, 64 m\\u00e9dailles d\\u2019argent et 62 m\\u00e9dailles de bronze. Ce total exclut la m\\u00e9daille d\\u2019or remport\\u00e9e par le Canada en hockey sur glace lors des Jeux olympiques de 1920. Bien que consid\\u00e9r\\u00e9e comme la premi\\u00e8re m\\u00e9daille olympique dans cette discipline, elle pr\\u00e9c\\u00e8de l\\u2019\\u00e9tablissement officiel des Jeux olympiques d\\u2019hiver. Le pays se classe cinqui\\u00e8me pour le nombre total de m\\u00e9dailles gagn\\u00e9es aux Jeux olympiques d\\u2019hiver.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022jeux-olympiques-dhiver\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222011-10-24T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-04-27T14:55:06.000000Z\u0022}]}],\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Birth of Speed Skater Susan Auch\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EFour-time Olympian \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/susan-auch\\u0022\\u003ESusan Auch\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, who won two silver medals in speed skating at the\\u00a0\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/winter-olympic-games\\u0022\\u003EOlympic Winter Games\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. She earned the 1995\\u00a0\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/bobbie-rosenfeld-award\\u0022\\u003EBobbie Rosenfeld Award\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E as Canada\\u2019s female athlete of the year and was inducted into the Speed Skating Canada Hall of Fame, the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame, the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame, the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame and\\u00a0\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadas-sports-hall-of-fame\\u0022\\u003ECanada\\u2019s Sports Hall of Fame\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002229e6bee8-73ab-47fc-9335-da92d530f806\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022460736cf-5eb6-4176-a430-1f489e881385\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Birth of Speed Skater Susan Auch\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EFour-time Olympian \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/susan-auch\\u0022\\u003ESusan Auch\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, who won two silver medals in speed skating at the\\u00a0\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/winter-olympic-games\\u0022\\u003EOlympic Winter Games\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. She earned the 1995\\u00a0\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/bobbie-rosenfeld-award\\u0022\\u003EBobbie Rosenfeld Award\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E as Canada\\u2019s female athlete of the year and was inducted into the Speed Skating Canada Hall of Fame, the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame, the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame, the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame and\\u00a0\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadas-sports-hall-of-fame\\u0022\\u003ECanada\\u2019s Sports Hall of Fame\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022cc0f9a45-6dbe-4937-87ef-6b214b00514d\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022460736cf-5eb6-4176-a430-1f489e881385\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Naissance de la patineuse de vitesse Susan Auch\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/susan-auch\\u0022\\u003ESusan Auch\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, quatre fois athl\\u00e8te olympique et r\\u00e9cipiendaire de deux m\\u00e9dailles d\\u2019argent en patinage de vitesse aux\\u00a0\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/winter-olympic-games\\u0022\\u003EJeux olympiques d\\u2019hiver\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, na\\u00eet \\u00e0 Winnipeg, au Manitoba. Elle remporte le \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/bobbie-rosenfeld-award\\u0022\\u003Eprix Bobbie Rosenfeld\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E de l\\u2019athl\\u00e8te canadienne de l\\u2019ann\\u00e9e et est intronis\\u00e9e dans le Temple de la renomm\\u00e9e de Patinage de vitesse Canada, le Temple de la renomm\\u00e9e du sport de l\\u2019Alberta, le Temple de la renomm\\u00e9e des sports du Manitoba, le Temple de la renomm\\u00e9e olympique du Canada et le\\u00a0\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/canadas-sports-hall-of-fame\\u0022\\u003EPanth\\u00e9on des sports canadiens\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00222568\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/media\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u00229b9339a2-2ba7-48dd-93c3-2d717a99ae08\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022jpg\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/jpeg\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:100000,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-07T22:36:42.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-21T13:23:22.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Auch, Susan\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Auch, Susan\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Susan Auch with the silver medal that she won at the 1998 Nagano Olympic Games.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Canadian Olympic Association\\\/photo by Mike Ridewood)\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/9b9339a2-2ba7-48dd-93c3-2d717a99ae08.jpg\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/9b9339a2-2ba7-48dd-93c3-2d717a99ae08.jpg\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Canadian Olympic Association\\\/photo by Mike Ridewood)\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u0022460736cf-5eb6-4176-a430-1f489e881385\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00222568\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00223f178b89-3d90-4c36-8732-f139b60f207b\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00222568\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Auch, Susan\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Auch, Susan\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Susan Auch with the silver medal that she won at the 1998 Nagano Olympic Games.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Canadian Olympic Association\\\/photo by Mike Ridewood)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Canadian Olympic Association\\\/photo by Mike Ridewood)\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002224f11f63-079a-4c09-9f85-51823dce9d0f\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00222568\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Auch, Susan\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Auch, Susan\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Susan Auch avec la m\\u00e9daille d\\u0027argent qu\\u0027elle a remport\\u00e9e aux Jeux olympiques de Nagano de 1998.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(avec la permission de l\\u0027Association olympique canadienne\\\/photo de Mike Ridewood)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(avec la permission de l\\u0027Association olympique canadienne\\\/photo de Mike Ridewood)\u0022}]}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00224611\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221861\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221920-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221920-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222016-04-19 15:45:36\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:06:51.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-05-28T18:54:57.000000Z\u0022,\u0022articles\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002276157\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022A. Pringle\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222012-02-06T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222020-11-23T18:11:44.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/criminal-law\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Criminal Law\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022criminal-law\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Criminal law, in its widest sense, includes substantive criminal law, the operation of penal institutions,\\u0026nbsp;\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/article\\\/criminal-procedure\\\/\\u0022 style=\\u0022background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\u0022\\u003Ecriminal procedure\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u0026nbsp;and evidence, and\\u0026nbsp;\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/article\\\/police\\\/\\u0022 style=\\u0022background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\u0022\\u003Epolice\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u0026nbsp;investigations (\\u003Cem\\u003Esee\\u0026nbsp;\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/article\\\/criminal-investigation\\\/\\u0022 style=\\u0022background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\u0022\\u003ECriminal Investigation\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E). More precisely, the term refers to substantive criminal law - a body of law that prohibits certain kinds of conduct and imposes sanctions for unlawful behaviour.\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00224611\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276157\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225b8ec89d-a984-4ea3-88e1-026cc17643f7\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276157\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Criminal Law\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Criminal law, in its widest sense, includes substantive criminal law, the operation of penal institutions,\\u0026nbsp;\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/article\\\/criminal-procedure\\\/\\u0022 style=\\u0022background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\u0022\\u003Ecriminal procedure\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u0026nbsp;and evidence, and\\u0026nbsp;\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/article\\\/police\\\/\\u0022 style=\\u0022background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\u0022\\u003Epolice\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u0026nbsp;investigations (\\u003Cem\\u003Esee\\u0026nbsp;\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/article\\\/criminal-investigation\\\/\\u0022 style=\\u0022background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\u0022\\u003ECriminal Investigation\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E). More precisely, the term refers to substantive criminal law - a body of law that prohibits certain kinds of conduct and imposes sanctions for unlawful behaviour.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022criminal-law\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222012-02-06T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222020-11-23T18:11:44.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022ca21be74-8eca-4b9f-8415-7dee47f540b6\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276157\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Droit criminel\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Dans son sens le plus large, le droit criminel comprend le droit criminel substantiel, le fonctionnement des institutions p\\u00e9nales, la\\u0026nbsp;\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/article\\\/criminal-procedure\\\/\\u0022 style=\\u0022background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\u0022\\u003Eproc\\u00e9dure criminelle\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u0026nbsp;et la preuve et les enqu\\u00eates de\\u0026nbsp;\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/article\\\/police\\\/\\u0022 style=\\u0022background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\u0022\\u003Epolice\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u0026nbsp;(\\u003Cem\\u003Evoir\\u0026nbsp;\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/article\\\/criminal-investigation\\\/\\u0022 style=\\u0022background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\\u0022\\u003EEnqu\\u00eate criminelle\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E). Plus pr\\u00e9cis\\u00e9ment, le terme d\\u00e9signe le droit criminel substantiel, c\\u0027est-\\u00e0-dire l\\u0027ensemble des lois qui interdisent certains types de conduite et sanctionnent les comportements ill\\u00e9gaux.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022droit-criminel\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222012-02-06T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222020-11-23T18:11:44.000000Z\u0022}]}],\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Alberta Penitentiary Closes\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tThe federal government ordered the Alberta Penitentiary in Edmonton closed down and the 147 prisoners moved to Prince Albert, Saskatchewan or Stony Mountain, Manitoba.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225104cbcd-ade1-482b-b991-4c753013a9ef\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00224611\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Alberta Penitentiary Closes\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tThe federal government ordered the Alberta Penitentiary in Edmonton closed down and the 147 prisoners moved to Prince Albert, Saskatchewan or Stony Mountain, Manitoba.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00222782b41c-1230-4e32-9a92-50c3b3c0aae5\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00224611\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Le p\\u00e9nitencier de l\\u0027Alberta ferme ses portes\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tLe gouvernement f\\u00e9d\\u00e9ral ordonne la fermeture du p\\u00e9nitencier de l\\u0027Alberta \\u00e0 Edmonton. Les 147 prisonniers seront transf\\u00e9r\\u00e9s \\u00e0 Prince Albert, en Saskatchewan, ou \\u00e0 Stony Mountain, au Manitoba.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00224690\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221861\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221927-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221927-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222016-04-08 08:43:18\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:06:52.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-06-08T19:47:31.000000Z\u0022,\u0022articles\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002277974\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022James Marsh\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:null,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:null,\u0022indigo\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-10-26T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222016-10-12T19:00:15.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/labrador\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Labrador\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022labrador\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u00a0The Torngat Mts of the far north rise in splendid isolation - the highest peaks east of the Rockies. Though in the same latitude as the British Isles, Labrador\\u0027s forbidding terrain and extreme climate support only sparse settlement.\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00224690\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002277974\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00228a2b3865-4c0b-4a08-b27b-78260d11a1c3\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002277974\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Labrador\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u00a0The Torngat Mts of the far north rise in splendid isolation - the highest peaks east of the Rockies. Though in the same latitude as the British Isles, Labrador\\u0027s forbidding terrain and extreme climate support only sparse settlement.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022labrador\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-10-26T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222016-10-12T19:00:15.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00224abed50f-274d-4f66-bd16-7c7be109853c\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002277974\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Labrador\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Les Monts Torngat, les sommets les plus \\u00e9lev\\u00e9s \\u00e0 l\\u0027est des Rocheuses, se dressent au nord, dans une isolation splendide. Bien que le Labrador soit situ\\u00e9 \\u00e0 la m\\u00eame latitude que les \\u00eeles Britanniques, il est tr\\u00e8s peu habit\\u00e9 en raison de ses terres inhospitali\\u00e8res et de son climat extr\\u00eame.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022labrador\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-10-26T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222016-10-12T19:00:15.000000Z\u0022}]}],\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Labrador Boundary Set\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tThe Labrador boundary was settled in its present location by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022a132527a-ec40-4e2b-87bb-5c914e99d8fd\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00224690\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Labrador Boundary Set\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tThe Labrador boundary was settled in its present location by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022ee4360c6-4e32-4157-a2d7-db7fddfd0b69\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00224690\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022La d\\u00e9limitation de la fronti\\u00e8re du Labrador\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tC\\u0027est le Comit\\u00e9 judiciaire du Conseil priv\\u00e9 qui a d\\u00e9limit\\u00e9 la fronti\\u00e8re actuelle du Labrador.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022837\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/media\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u002293a32197-987f-4252-9e9d-f7548874c9a5\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022jpg\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/jpeg\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:100000,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-07T22:25:12.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-21T13:23:03.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Labrador Highlands\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Labrador Highlands\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Torngat Mountains, Labrador Highlands.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(photo by John Dunn\\\/Arctic Light)\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/93a32197-987f-4252-9e9d-f7548874c9a5.jpg\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/93a32197-987f-4252-9e9d-f7548874c9a5.jpg\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(photo by John Dunn\\\/Arctic Light)\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u00224690\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u0022837\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022af686bbd-edde-46f2-9308-d772a51d2c5e\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u0022837\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Labrador Highlands\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Labrador Highlands\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Torngat Mountains, Labrador Highlands.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(photo by John Dunn\\\/Arctic Light)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(photo by John Dunn\\\/Arctic Light)\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022c203cf4d-692c-4680-bc6e-dadf150e59f5\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u0022837\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Hautes-terres du Labrador\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Hautes-terres du Labrador\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Les monts Torngat dans les Hautes-terres du Labrador.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(photo de John Dunn\\\/Arctic Light)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(photo de John Dunn\\\/Arctic Light)\u0022}]}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00224712\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221861\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221939-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221939-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222015-01-30 16:36:14\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:06:53.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222015-01-30T21:36:14.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022First Transcontinental Airmail\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Trans-Canada Air Lines (now Air Canada) began the first transcontinental airmail service.\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022d69931de-99a7-43e2-b9b2-2f054e4c46b5\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00224712\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022First Transcontinental Airmail\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Trans-Canada Air Lines (now Air Canada) began the first transcontinental airmail service.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00220ec8909b-583d-4c0e-9438-25f6b3f8d3d9\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00224712\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Premier service postal a\\u00e9rien transcontinental\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Les lignes a\\u00e9riennes Trans-Canada (maintenant Air Canada) ont mis sur pied le premier service postal a\\u00e9rien transcontinental.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00224916\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221861\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221945-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221945-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222015-09-25 14:59:04\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:06:58.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-01-12T17:40:14.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Tilston Wins Victoria Cross\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Major Frederick Tilston of the Canadian Army won a Victoria Cross for leading an attack on the Hochwald Forest defence line in the Battle for the Rhineland.\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00228c2160d0-34d0-43ad-b018-477bbda762e5\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00224916\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Tilston Wins Victoria Cross\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Major Frederick Tilston of the Canadian Army won a Victoria Cross for leading an attack on the Hochwald Forest defence line in the Battle for the Rhineland.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022bcdad974-89cb-40da-99f5-50c85a35a088\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00224916\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Tilston re\\u00e7oit la Croix de Victoria\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Le major Frederick Tilston de l\\u0027Arm\\u00e9e canadienne a m\\u00e9rit\\u00e9 la Croix de Victoria pour avoir men\\u00e9 une attaque des lignes d\\u00e9fensives de la for\\u00eat Hochwald, \\u00e0 la bataille de la Rh\\u00e9nanie.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225663\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/media\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u0022df8b16ae-5faa-422c-9f62-dfbc01f107f8\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022jpg\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/jpeg\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:100000,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-07T22:58:27.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222016-10-26T12:44:50.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Victoria Cross\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Victoria Cross\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022The Victoria Cross, instituted 1856 by Queen Victoria, is the Commonwealth\\u0027s highest military decoration for gallantry. It is awarded in recognition of the most exceptional bravery displayed in the presence of the enemy.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(Crown Copyright, courtesy Veterans Affairs Canada)\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/df8b16ae-5faa-422c-9f62-dfbc01f107f8.jpg\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/df8b16ae-5faa-422c-9f62-dfbc01f107f8.jpg\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(Crown Copyright, courtesy Veterans Affairs Canada)\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u00224916\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225663\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022509bee23-1e15-4aba-a2cd-c9859f6b7b3a\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225663\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Victoria Cross\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Victoria Cross\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022The Victoria Cross, instituted 1856 by Queen Victoria, is the Commonwealth\\u0027s highest military decoration for gallantry. It is awarded in recognition of the most exceptional bravery displayed in the presence of the enemy.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(Crown Copyright, courtesy Veterans Affairs Canada)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(Crown Copyright, courtesy Veterans Affairs Canada)\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00220f04d94d-b010-452a-8eaa-ce641ce886ff\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225663\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Croix de Victoria\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Croix de Victoria\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Institu\\u00e9e en 1856 par la Reine Victoria, la Croix de Victoria est la premi\\u00e8re d\\u00e9coration militaire du Commonwealth r\\u00e9compensant des actes de courage. Elle honore des actes de bravoure exceptionnels face \\u00e0 l\\u0027ennemi.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(Droits d\\u0027auteur de la Couronne, avec la permission d\\u0027Anciens Combattants Canada.)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(Droits d\\u0027auteur de la Couronne, avec la permission d\\u0027Anciens Combattants Canada.)\u0022}]}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225163\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00228\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221963-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221963-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222014-01-06 18:42:40\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:07:04.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222014-01-06T23:42:40.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Simon Fraser U Established\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022The BC government established Victoria College as the University of Victoria, and founded Simon Fraser University in Burnaby (opened 9 September 1965).\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022635539aa-62ff-4c4f-8b8e-c164aaca1d52\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00225163\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Simon Fraser U Established\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022The BC government established Victoria College as the University of Victoria, and founded Simon Fraser University in Burnaby (opened 9 September 1965).\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002289541f5e-6162-4714-8f79-d5cfcbd60d30\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00225163\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Fondation de l\\u0027Universit\\u00e9 Simon Fraser\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Le gouvernement de la Colombie-Britannique transforme le Coll\\u00e8ge Victoria en l\\u0027Universit\\u00e9 de Victoria, et fonde aussi l\\u0027Universit\\u00e9 Simon Fraser \\u00e0 Burnaby (elle ouvre ses portes le 9 septembre 1965).\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00222192\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/media\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u00222bd7362f-7692-4d30-b07f-0cde82e5492a\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022jpg\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/jpeg\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:100000,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-07T22:34:20.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-21T13:23:16.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Simon Fraser University\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Simon Fraser University\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Burnaby, BC. The academic quadrant, designed by Arthur Erickson.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(Corel Professional Photos)\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/2bd7362f-7692-4d30-b07f-0cde82e5492a.jpg\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/2bd7362f-7692-4d30-b07f-0cde82e5492a.jpg\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(Corel Professional Photos)\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u00225163\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00222192\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229efd3c80-063d-498f-b3e2-cd6d4ee4dbcb\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00222192\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Simon Fraser University\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Simon Fraser University\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Burnaby, BC. The academic quadrant, designed by Arthur Erickson.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(Corel Professional Photos)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(Corel Professional Photos)\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00227ef98fb4-4f6d-4523-b6e2-c0b0218ef778\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00222192\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Universit\\u00e9 Simon Fraser\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Universit\\u00e9 Simon Fraser\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022\\u00c0 Burnaby, en Colombie-Britannique. Le carr\\u00e9 universitaire, con\\u00e7u par Arthur Erickson.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(Corel Professional Photos)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(Corel Professional Photos)\u0022}]}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225208\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221861\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221975-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221975-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222016-04-29 11:52:01\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:07:05.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-05-28T18:12:12.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canadians Win Grammy Awards\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Canadians Anne Murray and Oscar Peterson won Grammy Awards in the country and jazz categories.\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022276d9ed0-4cd6-4564-b534-a0679a2c4b2a\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00225208\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canadians Win Grammy Awards\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Canadians Anne Murray and Oscar Peterson won Grammy Awards in the country and jazz categories.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225f8e4acd-641c-44bd-a842-bb9cf362ed47\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00225208\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Des Canadiens remportent des prix Grammy \u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Les Canadiens Anne Murray et Oscar Peterson remportent le troph\\u00e9e Grammy dans les cat\\u00e9gories musique country et jazz.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225534\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/media\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u0022b7950167-9ad9-4a98-83b9-7908f9f5eb7f\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022jpg\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/jpeg\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:100000,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-07T22:57:23.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-21T13:24:22.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Oscar Peterson\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Oscar Peterson\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Peterson\\u0027s approach to jazz is full-blown and joyous.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Regal Recording Ltd)\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/b7950167-9ad9-4a98-83b9-7908f9f5eb7f.jpg\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/b7950167-9ad9-4a98-83b9-7908f9f5eb7f.jpg\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Regal Recording Ltd)\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u00225208\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225534\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00223669e511-0a03-4d7f-9ea1-b7ea614d68fd\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225534\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Oscar Peterson\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Oscar Peterson\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Peterson\\u0027s approach to jazz is full-blown and joyous.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Regal Recording Ltd)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Regal Recording Ltd)\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022a304b5a3-a801-484e-a364-49114e5f9253\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225534\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Oscar Peterson\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Oscar Peterson\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Peterson a une approche du jazz joyeuse et tr\\u00e8s l\\u00e9g\\u00e8re.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(avec la permission de Regal Recording Ltd)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(avec la permission de Regal Recording Ltd)\u0022}]}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225917\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u002240\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221936-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221936-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222015-03-26 15:27:51\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:07:18.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222015-03-26T19:27:51.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Birth of Monique B\\u00e9gin\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Monique B\\u00e9gin, first Quebec woman elected to the House of Commons, was born at Rome, Italy.\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00221246711a-6ca5-4a53-8469-d10d8da70e46\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00225917\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Birth of Monique B\\u00e9gin\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Monique B\\u00e9gin, first Quebec woman elected to the House of Commons, was born at Rome, Italy.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00226ad92a23-c561-4fce-b669-f79501e90906\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00225917\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Naissance de Monique B\\u00e9gin\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Monique B\\u00e9gin, qui sera la premi\\u00e8re Qu\\u00e9b\\u00e9coise \\u00e9lue \\u00e0 la Chambre des Communes, na\\u00eet \\u00e0 Rome, en Italie.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225918\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221819-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221819-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222013-11-20 14:17:02\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:07:18.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-11-20T19:17:02.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Birth of Alexander Melville Bell\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Alexander Melville Bell, educator and father of Alexander Graham Bell, was born at Edinburgh, Scot.\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022c64926d1-d8ae-4555-8c35-45be23074fae\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00225918\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Birth of Alexander Melville Bell\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Alexander Melville Bell, educator and father of Alexander Graham Bell, was born at Edinburgh, Scot.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00227d4d2302-d556-4369-b8d5-540f4ec08c0f\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00225918\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Naissance d\\u0027Alexander Melville Bell\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Alexander Melville Bell, \\u00e9ducateur et p\\u00e8re d\\u0027Alexander Graham Bell, na\\u00eet \\u00e0 \\u00c9dimbourg, en \\u00c9cosse.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022682\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/media\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u0022b482d0dd-37eb-442f-8bb2-4e894be1d495\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022jpg\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/jpeg\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:100000,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-07T22:24:10.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-21T13:23:02.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Bell, Alexander Melville\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Bell, Alexander Melville\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Alexander Melville Bell with his wife, Eliza Grace Symonds and their children, Melville James, Alexander Graham.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(c 1852, Gilbert H. Grosvenor Collection, Library of Congress)\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/b482d0dd-37eb-442f-8bb2-4e894be1d495.jpg\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/b482d0dd-37eb-442f-8bb2-4e894be1d495.jpg\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(c 1852, Gilbert H. Grosvenor Collection, Library of Congress)\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u00225918\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u0022682\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022720d5463-9de3-4364-8e37-c996891b81c9\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u0022682\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Bell, Alexander Melville\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Bell, Alexander Melville\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Alexander Melville Bell with his wife, Eliza Grace Symonds and their children, Melville James, Alexander Graham.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(c 1852, Gilbert H. Grosvenor Collection, Library of Congress)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(c 1852, Gilbert H. Grosvenor Collection, Library of Congress)\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002231789dc5-652e-45d6-800a-c870f79ce6b1\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u0022682\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Bell, Alexander Melville\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Bell, Alexander Melville\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Alexander Melville Bell avec sa femme, Eliza Grace Symonds, et leurs enfants, Melville James, Alexander Graham.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(v. 1852, Collection Gilbert H. Grosvenor, Library of Congress)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(v. 1852, Collection Gilbert H. Grosvenor, Library of Congress)\u0022}]}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225919\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221923-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221923-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222013-11-20 14:17:03\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:07:18.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-11-20T19:17:03.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Birth of Uno Helava\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Uno Helava, who invented the analytical plotter for automatically drawing maps from photographs, was born at Kokem\\u00e0ki, Finland.\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022fd3e2dd0-475f-481a-85b0-4b65bf04f533\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00225919\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Birth of Uno Helava\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Uno Helava, who invented the analytical plotter for automatically drawing maps from photographs, was born at Kokem\\u00e0ki, Finland.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002244d1cf66-a54b-4cc3-a964-03ef9029d98f\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00225919\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Naissance d\\u0027Uno Helava\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Uno Helava, inventeur du restituteur analytique qui permet de tracer des cartes \\u00e0 partir de photographies, na\\u00eet \\u00e0 Kokem\\u00e0ki, en Finlande.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225e4f6c12-1ba9-465c-9c0a-4542a65a3227\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:null,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221963-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221963-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222020-10-01T19:02:41.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222020-10-01T19:02:41.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Founding of the FLQ\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThe \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/front-de-liberation-du-quebec\\u0022\\u003EFLQ\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E is founded by two Quebecers, Raymond Villeneuve and Gabriel Hudon, and a Belgian, Georges Schoeters, who had fought with the resistance during the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/collection\\\/second-world-war\\u0022\\u003ESecond World War\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Their thinking \\u2014 and their membership \\u2014 is shaped by the more radical elements of other independence movements in Quebec. These include the \\u003Cem\\u003ERassemblement pour l\\u2019ind\\u00e9pendance nationale \\u003C\\\/em\\u003E(RIN, founded in 1960); \\u003Cem\\u003Ethe\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E \\u003Cem\\u003EComit\\u00e9 de lib\\u00e9ration nationale \\u003C\\\/em\\u003E(founded in 1962), which promoted violence to achieve political ends; and the \\u003Cem\\u003ER\\u00e9seau de r\\u00e9sistance \\u003C\\\/em\\u003E(RR, also founded in 1962), which believed in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/political-protest\\u0022\\u003Eprotesting\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E through vandalism. The FLQ is also influenced by anti-colonial and communist movements in other parts of the world, notably Algeria and Cuba.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229c86fa63-4ee2-4c49-929b-51061abe95e4\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00225e4f6c12-1ba9-465c-9c0a-4542a65a3227\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Founding of the FLQ\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThe \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/front-de-liberation-du-quebec\\u0022\\u003EFLQ\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E is founded by two Quebecers, Raymond Villeneuve and Gabriel Hudon, and a Belgian, Georges Schoeters, who had fought with the resistance during the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/collection\\\/second-world-war\\u0022\\u003ESecond World War\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Their thinking \\u2014 and their membership \\u2014 is shaped by the more radical elements of other independence movements in Quebec. These include the \\u003Cem\\u003ERassemblement pour l\\u2019ind\\u00e9pendance nationale \\u003C\\\/em\\u003E(RIN, founded in 1960); \\u003Cem\\u003Ethe\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E \\u003Cem\\u003EComit\\u00e9 de lib\\u00e9ration nationale \\u003C\\\/em\\u003E(founded in 1962), which promoted violence to achieve political ends; and the \\u003Cem\\u003ER\\u00e9seau de r\\u00e9sistance \\u003C\\\/em\\u003E(RR, also founded in 1962), which believed in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/political-protest\\u0022\\u003Eprotesting\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E through vandalism. The FLQ is also influenced by anti-colonial and communist movements in other parts of the world, notably Algeria and Cuba.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00226990db13-e90b-4c3a-a1ac-9add70e03fc0\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00225e4f6c12-1ba9-465c-9c0a-4542a65a3227\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Fondation du FLQ\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ELe \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/front-de-liberation-du-quebec\\u0022\\u003EFLQ\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E est fond\\u00e9 par deux Qu\\u00e9b\\u00e9cois, Raymond Villeneuve et Gabriel Hudon, et par un Belge, Georges Schoeters, qui avait combattu, avec la R\\u00e9sistance, pendant la \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/collection\\\/second-world-war\\u0022\\u003EDeuxi\\u00e8me Guerre mondiale\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. L\\u2019id\\u00e9ologie de ces fondateurs, \\u00e0 laquelle adh\\u00e8rent les membres du mouvement, est fa\\u00e7onn\\u00e9e par les \\u00e9l\\u00e9ments les plus radicaux des autres mouvements ind\\u00e9pendantistes au Qu\\u00e9bec, notamment le Rassemblement pour l\\u2019ind\\u00e9pendance nationale (RIN, cr\\u00e9\\u00e9 en\\u0026nbsp;1960), le Comit\\u00e9 de lib\\u00e9ration nationale (fond\\u00e9 en\\u0026nbsp;1962), qui promeut la violence \\u00e0 des fins politiques, et le R\\u00e9seau de r\\u00e9sistance (RR, \\u00e9galement cr\\u00e9\\u00e9 en\\u0026nbsp;1962), qui privil\\u00e9gie les actes de vandalisme comme moyen de \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/political-protest\\u0022\\u003Econtestation politique\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Le FLQ est \\u00e9galement influenc\\u00e9 par des mouvements anticoloniaux et communistes actifs dans d\\u2019autres parties du monde, notamment en Alg\\u00e9rie et \\u00e0 Cuba.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022c75a3c55-8ff9-4f58-ba3c-bad9ea4d09e1\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/new_article_images\\\/FLQ\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u00222000px-Bandera_FLQ.svg\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022png\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/png\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:42128,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222020-09-04T19:12:04.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222020-09-04T19:12:04.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022FLQ Flag\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022flq-flag\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Wikimedia Commons)\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/new_article_images\\\/FLQ\\\/2000px-Bandera_FLQ.svg.png\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/new_article_images\\\/FLQ\\\/2000px-Bandera_FLQ.svg.png\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Wikimedia Commons)\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u00225e4f6c12-1ba9-465c-9c0a-4542a65a3227\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u0022c75a3c55-8ff9-4f58-ba3c-bad9ea4d09e1\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022bc0e1e2f-f9e4-43c7-a35f-a7e4f8a0f559\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u0022c75a3c55-8ff9-4f58-ba3c-bad9ea4d09e1\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022FLQ Flag\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022flq-flag\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Wikimedia Commons)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Wikimedia Commons)\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022e7ec23ab-89f6-46f1-91ad-6c3bf6ddf029\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u0022c75a3c55-8ff9-4f58-ba3c-bad9ea4d09e1\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Drapeau du Front de Lib\\u00e9ration du Qu\\u00e9bec\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022drapeau-du-front-de-liberation-du-quebec\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(avec la permission de Wikimedia Commons)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(avec la permission de Wikimedia Commons)\u0022}]}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00226987\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00223649\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00222009-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00222009-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222016-03-30 11:55:55\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:08:14.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-01-23T15:18:40.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Helicopter Crash Near Nfld\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tA Cougar Helicopters chopper went down off the coast of Newfoundland after issuing a mayday about technical problems. Officials recovered two life-rafts but no one was aboard. Seventeen of the 18 passengers and crew were lost at sea.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022632732ba-9683-4810-940d-7d4f4d884428\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00226987\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Helicopter Crash Near Nfld\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tA Cougar Helicopters chopper went down off the coast of Newfoundland after issuing a mayday about technical problems. Officials recovered two life-rafts but no one was aboard. Seventeen of the 18 passengers and crew were lost at sea.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022b8060aaa-7dce-49d9-9810-16d875bbc23e\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00226987\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00227262\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u002238\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221633-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221633-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222015-08-18 10:38:57\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:08:28.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222017-05-01T21:31:04.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Champlain Recommended to Lead Colony\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Asked by Cardinal Richelieu to take command of the colony, Isaac de Razilly deferred to Champlain as being \\u0093more competent in colonial affairs.\\u0094\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225afa4f0e-9d8a-4ba1-b319-981110b152b9\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00227262\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Champlain Recommended to Lead Colony\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Asked by Cardinal Richelieu to take command of the colony, Isaac de Razilly deferred to Champlain as being \\u0093more competent in colonial affairs.\\u0094\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022238c3209-8c86-4a8e-aca0-acfb84fe6611\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00227262\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022La commission de lieutenant de Champlain est renouvel\\u00e9e\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Isaac de Razilly \\u00e0 qui le cardinal Richelieu avait offert la lieutenance de la nouvelle colonie, refuse et propose le nom de Samuel de Champlain, qu\\u0027il juge plus comp\\u00e9tent dans les affaires coloniales. \u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225110\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/media\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u0022eae4b142-cd6b-4c86-a303-32da3140b207\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022jpg\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/jpeg\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:100000,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-07T22:54:41.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-21T13:24:14.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Port-Royal (Champlain\\u0027s Drawing)\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Port-Royal (Champlain\\u0027s Drawing)\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Samuel de Champlain\\u0027s drawing of the habitation of Port-Royal, from his\\u0026nbsp; \\u0022Les Voyages\\u0022 1613.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy National Library of Canada)\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/eae4b142-cd6b-4c86-a303-32da3140b207.jpg\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/eae4b142-cd6b-4c86-a303-32da3140b207.jpg\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy National Library of Canada)\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u00227262\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225110\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00221a86ddf6-c4b7-470b-b03c-b708211ab77d\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225110\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Port-Royal (Champlain\\u0027s Drawing)\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Port-Royal (Champlain\\u0027s Drawing)\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Samuel de Champlain\\u0027s drawing of the habitation of Port-Royal, from his\\u0026nbsp; \\u0022Les Voyages\\u0022 1613.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy National Library of Canada)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy National Library of Canada)\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00224caeab32-6832-4f90-9f1f-98e1fd85fb58\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225110\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Port-Royal (dessin de Champlain)\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Port-Royal (dessin de Champlain)\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Les b\\u00e2timents de Port-Royal, dessin de Samuel de Champlain, dans \\u00ab Les Voyages \\u00bb, 1613.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(avec la permission de la Biblioth\\u040fque nationale du Canada)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(avec la permission de la Biblioth\\u040fque nationale du Canada)\u0022}]}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00227520\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221973-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221973-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222013-11-20 14:16:58\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-15T19:08:35.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-05-28T18:21:46.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Magnussen Wins World Figure Skating Championships \u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Vancouver-born Karen Magnussen won the World Women\\u0027s Figure Skating Championships in Bratislava in what was then Czechoslovakia.\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022686ef38e-3594-4c4d-9d94-725a55b6c8e2\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00227520\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Magnussen Wins World Figure Skating Championships \u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Vancouver-born Karen Magnussen won the World Women\\u0027s Figure Skating Championships in Bratislava in what was then Czechoslovakia.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002270ab2f03-6347-4f8c-99cb-1a13f8ee16b6\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00227520\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022K. Magnussen, m\\u00e9daill\\u00e9e d\\u0027or\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022Karen Magnussen, native de Vancouver, remporte les Championnats mondiaux de patinage artistique chez les dames, \\u00e0 Bratislava, qui fait alors partie de la Tch\\u00e9coslovaquie.\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00222503\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/media\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u00227322c186-a403-4df3-9f9b-4aac7e84365e\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022jpg\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/jpeg\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:100000,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-07T22:36:20.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-21T13:23:21.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Magnussen, Karen\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Magnussen, Karen\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022She won the world championship in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, with a brilliant performance in 1973.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Canada\\u0027s Sports Hall of Fame)\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/7322c186-a403-4df3-9f9b-4aac7e84365e.jpg\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/7322c186-a403-4df3-9f9b-4aac7e84365e.jpg\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Canada\\u0027s Sports Hall of Fame)\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u00227520\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00222503\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002229d4fb55-eae1-463e-b114-c7084d94740c\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00222503\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Magnussen, Karen\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Magnussen, Karen\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022She won the world championship in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, with a brilliant performance in 1973.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Canada\\u0027s Sports Hall of Fame)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Canada\\u0027s Sports Hall of Fame)\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00224dce5b05-0d66-49b7-9657-540ad4bd62c3\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00222503\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Magnussen, Karen\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Magnussen, Karen\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022Elle remporte le championnat du monde \\u00e0 Bratislava, en R\\u00e9publique f\\u00e9d\\u00e9rale de Tch\\u00e9coslovaquie, en 1973, gr\\u00e2ce \\u00e0 une brillante performance.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(avec la permission du Temple de la renomm\\u040be des sports du Canada)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(avec la permission du Temple de la renomm\\u040be des sports du Canada)\u0022}]}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00227952\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221861\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221685-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221685-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222015-01-19 15:31:32\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-11-23T17:48:08.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222017-11-30T22:07:56.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Code Noir\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tIn 1685, Louis XIV\\u0027s Code Noir code permitted slavery for economic purposes only and established strict guidelines for the ownership and treatment of slaves. It was officially limited to the West Indies and, although it was never proclaimed in New France, it was used in customary law.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225d1808a8-950c-40fa-b024-6572aaf5f345\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00227952\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Code Noir\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tIn 1685, Louis XIV\\u0027s Code Noir code permitted slavery for economic purposes only and established strict guidelines for the ownership and treatment of slaves. It was officially limited to the West Indies and, although it was never proclaimed in New France, it was used in customary law.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022b8ef7c89-1df0-4585-9c3c-b1b23922867a\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00227952\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Le Code Noir\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tEn 1685, le Code Noir de Louis XIV permettait l\\u2019esclavage \\u00e0 des fins \\u00e9conomiques seulement et \\u00e9tablissait des principes directeurs qui gouvernaient strictement le traitement des esclaves et le droit de propri\\u00e9t\\u00e9 de leurs propri\\u00e9taires. Le Code Noir se limitait officiellement aux Antilles et bien qu\\u2019il ne fut jamais ent\\u00e9rin\\u00e9 en Nouvelle-France, il servit de droit coutumier.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00227d04f34e-d78f-4750-9b06-03363d43cb84\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:null,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221978-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221978-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222020-10-01T20:49:48.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222020-10-01T20:49:48.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Petition for Release of Prisoners\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EA \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/petitioning-in-canada\\u0022\\u003Epetition\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E calling for \\u201cthe immediate liberation\\u2026 of all political prisoners\\u2026\\u201d is circulated by an organization cofounded by FLQ lawyer Robert Lemeiux. It is signed by more than 50,000 people, including two PQ members of the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/national-assembly\\u0022\\u003ENational Assembly\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E and numerous high-profile individuals. The most high-profile prisoner \\u2014 Pierre-Paul Geoffroy, who was responsible for 31 bombings between 1968 and 1969 including at the Montreal Stock Exchange \\u2014 had been denied parole three times.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022ae7ea8e5-ccab-4bdd-a724-6dbb88663543\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00227d04f34e-d78f-4750-9b06-03363d43cb84\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Petition for Release of Prisoners\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EA \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/petitioning-in-canada\\u0022\\u003Epetition\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E calling for \\u201cthe immediate liberation\\u2026 of all political prisoners\\u2026\\u201d is circulated by an organization cofounded by FLQ lawyer Robert Lemeiux. It is signed by more than 50,000 people, including two PQ members of the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/national-assembly\\u0022\\u003ENational Assembly\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E and numerous high-profile individuals. The most high-profile prisoner \\u2014 Pierre-Paul Geoffroy, who was responsible for 31 bombings between 1968 and 1969 including at the Montreal Stock Exchange \\u2014 had been denied parole three times.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022694f6ff5-d5b6-4d7a-9832-9572745b7ed6\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00227d04f34e-d78f-4750-9b06-03363d43cb84\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022P\\u00e9tition pour la lib\\u00e9ration des prisonniers\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EUne \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/petitioning-in-canada\\u0022\\u003Ep\\u00e9tition\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E appelant \\u00e0 \\u00ab\\u0026nbsp;la lib\\u00e9ration imm\\u00e9diate\\u2026 de tous les prisonniers politiques\\u2026\\u00bb est diffus\\u00e9e par une organisation cofond\\u00e9e par l\\u2019avocat du FLQ Robert Lemieux. Elle recueille plus de\\u0026nbsp;50\\u0026nbsp;000\\u0026nbsp;signatures, notamment celles de deux \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/national-assembly\\u0022\\u003Ed\\u00e9put\\u00e9s\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E p\\u00e9quistes et de nombreuses personnalit\\u00e9s de premier plan. Le prisonnier le plus en vue, Pierre\\u2011Paul Geoffroy, responsable de\\u0026nbsp;31\\u0026nbsp;attentats \\u00e0 la bombe entre\\u0026nbsp;1968 et\\u0026nbsp;1969, notamment contre la Bourse de Montr\\u00e9al, s\\u2019est vu refuser une lib\\u00e9ration conditionnelle \\u00e0 trois reprises.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00228061\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00228\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221941-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221941-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222013-11-25 20:50:46\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-11-23T21:53:38.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-05-04T16:30:14.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Compulsory Registration\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tEveryone of Japanese descent over 16 years old was required by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to register.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002276957476-df98-4a27-9065-1055408321a2\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228061\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Compulsory Registration\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tEveryone of Japanese descent over 16 years old was required by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to register.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002207197703-1afe-4d36-9e75-b6f6e6786ae6\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228061\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Enregistrement obligatoire\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tToute personne d\\u2019origine japonaise, \\u00e2g\\u00e9e de 16 ans ou plus, a l\\u2019obligation de s\\u2019enregistrer aupr\\u00e8s de la Gendarmerie royale du Canada.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00228419\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00223649\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221900-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221900-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222016-03-30 11:55:55\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222015-03-11T15:10:55.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-01-23T15:18:39.000000Z\u0022,\u0022articles\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022Geoff Budden\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:null,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:null,\u0022indigo\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222011-07-26T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-05-25T13:38:15.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/sir-frederic-bowker-terrington-carter\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022sir-frederic-bowker-terrington-carter\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic (also Frederick) Bowker Terrington Carter, prime minister of Newfoundland 1865\\u201378, lawyer, politician, judge (born 12 February 1819 in St. John\\u0027s, NF; died 1 March 1900 in St. John\\u2019s).\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228419\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229db5b7ed-8ec8-4afc-b7e3-27d959c683ba\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter [\\u0627\\u0644\\u0633\\u064a\\u0631 \\u0641\\u0631\\u064a\\u062f\\u0631\\u064a\\u0643 \\u0628\\u0648\\u0643\\u0631 \\u062a\\u064a\\u0631\\u064a\\u0646\\u062c\\u062a\\u0648\\u0646 \\u0643\\u0627\\u0631\\u062a\\u0631]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u0627\\u0644\\u0633\\u064a\\u0631 \\u0641\\u0631\\u064a\\u062f\\u0631\\u064a\\u0643 (\\u0641\\u0631\\u064a\\u062f\\u0631\\u064a\\u0643 \\u0623\\u064a\\u0636\\u064b\\u0627) \\u0628\\u0648\\u0643\\u0631 \\u062a\\u064a\\u0631\\u064a\\u0646\\u062c\\u062a\\u0648\\u0646 \\u0643\\u0627\\u0631\\u062a\\u0631\\u060c \\u0631\\u0626\\u064a\\u0633 \\u0648\\u0632\\u0631\\u0627\\u0621 \\u0646\\u064a\\u0648\\u0641\\u0627\\u0648\\u0646\\u062f\\u0644\\u0627\\u0646\\u062f 1865-1878\\u060c \\u0645\\u062d\\u0627\\u0645\\u064d \\u0648\\u0633\\u064a\\u0627\\u0633\\u064a \\u0648\\u0642\\u0627\\u0636\\u064a (\\u0648\\u0644\\u062f \\u0641\\u064a 12 \\u0641\\u0628\\u0631\\u0627\\u064a\\u0631 1819 \\u0641\\u064a \\u0633\\u0627\\u0646\\u062a \\u062c\\u0648\\u0646\\u0632\\u060c \\u0646\\u064a\\u0648 \\u0645\\u0643\\u0633\\u064a\\u0643\\u0648\\u061b \\u062a\\u0648\\u0641\\u064a \\u0641\\u064a 1 \\u0645\\u0627\\u0631\\u0633 1900 \\u0641\\u064a \\u0633\\u0627\\u0646\\u062a \\u062c\\u0648\\u0646\\u0632). \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022lsyarfarydarykarbokartyaryngtonarkart\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ar\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:4,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:13:24.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:13:24.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022204631ad-3966-4532-ac34-b9ecef41adea\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic (also Frederick) Bowker Terrington Carter, prime minister of Newfoundland 1865\\u201378, lawyer, politician, judge (born 12 February 1819 in St. John\\u0027s, NF; died 1 March 1900 in St. John\\u2019s).\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022sir-frederic-bowker-terrington-carter\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222011-07-26T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-05-25T13:38:15.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225f35a2ea-6319-4792-b28b-e1731a5557fb\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederick Bowker Terrington Carter\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic (\\u00e9galement \\u00e9crit Frederick) Bowker Terrington Carter, premier ministre de Terre-Neuve de 1865 \\u00e0 1878, avocat, homme politique et juge (n\\u00e9 le 12 f\\u00e9vrier 1819 \\u00e0 St John\\u2019s, Terre-Neuve; d\\u00e9c\\u00e9d\\u00e9 le 1er mars 1900 \\u00e0 St John\\u2019s).\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022sir-frederic-bowker-terrington-carter\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222011-07-26T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-05-25T13:38:15.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229db5b7c0-94e8-4c70-98c6-f46fcc6c34da\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter [\\u0938\\u0930 \\u092b\\u094d\\u0930\\u0947\\u0921\\u0930\\u093f\\u0915 \\u092c\\u0949\\u0915\\u0930 \\u091f\\u0947\\u0930\\u093f\\u0902\\u0917\\u091f\\u0928 \\u0915\\u093e\\u0930\\u094d\\u091f\\u0930]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u0938\\u0930 \\u092b\\u094d\\u0930\\u0947\\u0921\\u0930\\u093f\\u0915 (\\u092b\\u094d\\u0930\\u0947\\u0921\\u0930\\u093f\\u0915 \\u092d\\u0940) \\u092c\\u0949\\u0915\\u0930 \\u091f\\u0947\\u0930\\u093f\\u0902\\u0917\\u091f\\u0928 \\u0915\\u093e\\u0930\\u094d\\u091f\\u0930, \\u0928\\u094d\\u092f\\u0942\\u092b\\u093c\\u093e\\u0909\\u0902\\u0921\\u0932\\u0948\\u0902\\u0921 \\u0915\\u0947 \\u092a\\u094d\\u0930\\u0927\\u093e\\u0928 \\u092e\\u0902\\u0924\\u094d\\u0930\\u0940 1865-78, \\u0935\\u0915\\u0940\\u0932, \\u0930\\u093e\\u091c\\u0928\\u0940\\u0924\\u093f\\u091c\\u094d\\u091e, \\u0928\\u094d\\u092f\\u093e\\u092f\\u093e\\u0927\\u0940\\u0936 (\\u091c\\u0928\\u094d\\u092e 12 \\u092b\\u0930\\u0935\\u0930\\u0940 1819 \\u0915\\u094b \\u0938\\u0947\\u0902\\u091f \\u091c\\u0949\\u0928\\u094d\\u0938, \\u090f\\u0928\\u090f\\u092b \\u092e\\u0947\\u0902; 1 \\u092e\\u093e\\u0930\\u094d\\u091a 1900 \\u0915\\u094b \\u0938\\u0947\\u0902\\u091f \\u091c\\u0949\\u0928\\u094d\\u0938 \\u092e\\u0947\\u0902 \\u092e\\u0943\\u0924\\u094d\\u092f\\u0941 \\u0939\\u094b \\u0917\\u0908)\\u0964 \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022sarahifaradarakahibkarahitaragatanahikaratara\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022hi\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:2,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:12:54.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:12:54.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229db5b7e3-8270-4ff8-8f15-98e2eba61c38\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic (tou Frederick) Bowker Terrington Carter, premye minis Newfoundland 1865\\u201478, avoka, politisyen, jij (f\\u00e8t 12 fevriye 1819 nan Sen Jan, NF; mouri 1 mas 1900 nan Sen Jan). \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022sirhtfrederichtbowkerhterringhtonhtcarhter\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ht\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:13:17.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:13:17.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229db5b7d1-4f25-4ce6-8ba1-15bc9a9734ea\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic (anche Frederick) Bowker Terrington Carter, primo ministro di Terranova 1865-1878, avvocato, politico, giudice (nato il 12 febbraio 1819 a St. John\\u0027s, NF; morto il 1 marzo 1900 a St. John\\u0027s). \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022sitgnoreitfrederitcitbowkeriterritngitonitcariter\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022it\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:13:05.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:13:05.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e506d37-ec57-4d6e-9514-1ccb9f88b36c\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter [\\u30b5\\u30fc\\u30fb\\u30d5\\u30ec\\u30c7\\u30ea\\u30c3\\u30af\\u30fb\\u30dc\\u30a6\\u30ab\\u30fc\\u30fb\\u30c6\\u30ea\\u30f3\\u30c8\\u30f3\\u30fb\\u30ab\\u30fc\\u30bf\\u30fc]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u30b5\\u30fc\\u30fb\\u30d5\\u30ec\\u30c7\\u30ea\\u30c3\\u30af\\uff08\\u540c\\u3058\\u304f\\u30d5\\u30ec\\u30c7\\u30ea\\u30c3\\u30af\\uff09\\u30fb\\u30dc\\u30fc\\u30ab\\u30fc\\u30fb\\u30c6\\u30ea\\u30f3\\u30c8\\u30f3\\u30fb\\u30ab\\u30fc\\u30bf\\u30fc\\u30011865-78\\u5e74\\u30cb\\u30e5\\u30fc\\u30d5\\u30a1\\u30f3\\u30c9\\u30e9\\u30f3\\u30c9\\u9996\\u76f8\\u3001\\u5f01\\u8b77\\u58eb\\u3001\\u653f\\u6cbb\\u5bb6\\u3001\\u88c1\\u5224\\u5b98\\uff081819\\u5e742\\u670812\\u65e5\\u3001\\u30cd\\u30d0\\u30c0\\u5dde\\u30bb\\u30f3\\u30c8\\u30b8\\u30e7\\u30f3\\u30ba\\u751f\\u307e\\u308c\\u30011900\\u5e743\\u67081\\u65e5\\u30bb\\u30f3\\u30c8\\u30b8\\u30e7\\u30f3\\u30ba\\u3067\\u6b7b\\u53bb\\uff09\\u3002\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ja\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-27T18:57:49.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-27T18:57:49.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e506e8c-1a9b-4c2c-bbb1-85c0a9b15399\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic (ook Frederick) Bowker Terrington Carter, minister-president van Newfoundland 1865-1878, advocaat, politicus, rechter (geboren op 12 februari 1819 in St. John\\u0027s, NF; overleden op 1 maart 1900 in St. John\\u0027s). \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022menleernlfredericnlbowkernlterrinlgtonlcarter\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022nl\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-27T19:01:32.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-27T19:01:32.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229db5b7f6-5e49-453a-8c16-16629d553cd9\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter [\\u0a38\\u0a30 \\u0a2b\\u0a30\\u0a48\\u0a21\\u0a30\\u0a3f\\u0a15 \\u0a2c\\u0a4b\\u0a15\\u0a30 \\u0a1f\\u0a48\\u0a30\\u0a3f\\u0a70\\u0a17\\u0a1f\\u0a28 \\u0a15\\u0a3e\\u0a30\\u0a1f\\u0a30]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u0a38\\u0a30 \\u0a2b\\u0a30\\u0a48\\u0a21\\u0a30\\u0a3f\\u0a15 (\\u0a2b\\u0a30\\u0a48\\u0a21\\u0a30\\u0a3f\\u0a15 \\u0a35\\u0a40) \\u0a2c\\u0a4b\\u0a15\\u0a30 \\u0a1f\\u0a48\\u0a30\\u0a3f\\u0a70\\u0a17\\u0a1f\\u0a28 \\u0a15\\u0a3e\\u0a30\\u0a1f\\u0a30, \\u0a28\\u0a3f\\u0a0a\\u0a2b\\u0a3e\\u0a0a\\u0a02\\u0a21\\u0a32\\u0a48\\u0a02\\u0a21 1865\\u201478 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a2a\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a27\\u0a3e\\u0a28 \\u0a2e\\u0a70\\u0a24\\u0a30\\u0a40, \\u0a35\\u0a15\\u0a40\\u0a32, \\u0a30\\u0a3e\\u0a1c\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a24\\u0a3e, \\u0a1c\\u0a71\\u0a1c (\\u0a1c\\u0a28\\u0a2e 12 \\u0a2b\\u0a30\\u0a35\\u0a30\\u0a40 1819 \\u0a28\\u0a42\\u0a70 \\u0a38\\u0a47\\u0a02\\u0a1f \\u0a1c\\u0a4c\\u0a28\\u0a38, \\u0a10\\u0a28\\u0a10\\u0a2b \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a; \\u0a38\\u0a47\\u0a02\\u0a1f \\u0a1c\\u0a4c\\u0a28\\u0a38 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a 1 \\u0a2e\\u0a3e\\u0a30\\u0a1a 1900 \\u0a26\\u0a40 \\u0a2e\\u0a4c\\u0a24 \\u0a39\\u0a4b \\u0a17\\u0a08)\\u0964 \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022pa\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:13:30.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:13:30.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229db5b814-25e3-49dc-914b-5e8e77e02e0f\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic (sidoo kale Frederick) Bowker Terrington Carter, ra\\u0027iisul wasaaraha Newfoundland 1865\\u201478, qareen, siyaasi, garsoor (dhalay 12 Febraayo 1819 ee St John\\u0027s, NF; ku geeriyooday 1 Maarso 1900 ee St John\\u0027s). \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022irsofredicsobsowkersoterringtsonsocarter\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022so\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:13:49.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:13:49.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e0ba6c4-ef5c-4531-92e4-500b5a202f94\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter [\\u0b9a\\u0bb0\\u0bcd \\u0b83\\u0baa\\u0bbf\\u0bb0\\u0b9f\\u0bc6\\u0bb0\\u0bbf\\u0b95\\u0bcd \\u0baa\\u0bcb\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bb0\\u0bcd \\u0b9f\\u0bc6\\u0bb0\\u0bbf\\u0b99\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0ba9\\u0bcd \\u0b95\\u0bbe\\u0bb0\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0bb0\\u0bcd]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u0b9a\\u0bb0\\u0bcd \\u0b83\\u0baa\\u0bbf\\u0bb0\\u0b9f\\u0bc6\\u0bb0\\u0bbf\\u0b95\\u0bcd (\\u0bae\\u0bc7\\u0bb2\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0b83\\u0baa\\u0bbf\\u0bb0\\u0b9f\\u0bc6\\u0bb0\\u0bbf\\u0b95\\u0bcd) \\u0baa\\u0bcb\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bb0\\u0bcd \\u0b9f\\u0bc6\\u0bb0\\u0bbf\\u0b99\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0ba9\\u0bcd \\u0b95\\u0bbe\\u0bb0\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0bb0\\u0bcd, \\u0ba8\\u0bbf\\u0baf\\u0bc2\\u0b83\\u0baa\\u0bb5\\u0bc1\\u0ba3\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0bcd\\u0bb2\\u0bc7\\u0ba3\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0ba9\\u0bcd \\u0baa\\u0bbf\\u0bb0\\u0ba4\\u0bae\\u0bb0\\u0bcd 1865\\u201478, \\u0bb5\\u0bb4\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bb1\\u0bbf\\u0b9e\\u0bb0\\u0bcd, \\u0b85\\u0bb0\\u0b9a\\u0bbf\\u0baf\\u0bb2\\u0bcd\\u0bb5\\u0bbe\\u0ba4\\u0bbf, \\u0ba8\\u0bc0\\u0ba4\\u0bbf\\u0baa\\u0ba4\\u0bbf (\\u0baa\\u0bbf\\u0bb1\\u0ba8\\u0bcd\\u0ba4\\u0bbe\\u0bb0\\u0bcd 12 \\u0baa\\u0bbf\\u0baa\\u0bcd\\u0bb0\\u0bb5\\u0bb0\\u0bbf 1819 \\u0b9a\\u0bc6\\u0baf\\u0bbf\\u0ba9\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0bcd \\u0b9c\\u0bbe\\u0ba9\\u0bcd\\u0bb8\\u0bcd, NF \\u0b87\\u0bb2\\u0bcd; 1 \\u0bae\\u0bbe\\u0bb0\\u0bcd\\u0b9a\\u0bcd 1900 \\u0b9a\\u0bc6\\u0baf\\u0bbf\\u0ba9\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0bcd \\u0b9c\\u0bbe\\u0ba9\\u0bcd\\u0b9a\\u0bbf\\u0bb2\\u0bcd \\u0b87\\u0bb1\\u0ba8\\u0bcd\\u0ba4\\u0bbe\\u0bb0\\u0bcd). \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ta\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:3,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-24T14:26:37.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-24T14:26:37.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229db5b802-4836-4d95-99f2-a78975430e94\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276574\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter [\\u5f17\\u96f7\\u5fb7\\u91cc\\u514b\\u00b7\\u9c8d\\u514b\\u7235\\u58eb\\u7279\\u7075\\u987f\\u00b7\\u5361\\u7279]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u5f17\\u96f7\\u5fb7\\u91cc\\u514b\\u7235\\u58eb\\uff08\\u4e5f\\u662f\\u5f17\\u96f7\\u5fb7\\u91cc\\u514b\\uff09\\u9c8d\\u514b\\u00b7\\u7279\\u7075\\u987f\\u00b7\\u5361\\u7279\\u7235\\u58eb\\uff0c1865\\u201478 \\u5e74\\u7ebd\\u82ac\\u5170\\u603b\\u7406\\uff0c\\u5f8b\\u5e08\\u3001\\u653f\\u6cbb\\u5bb6\\u3001\\u6cd5\\u5b98\\uff081819 \\u5e74 2 \\u6708 12 \\u65e5\\u751f\\u4e8e\\u65b0\\u6cfd\\u897f\\u5dde\\u5723\\u7ea6\\u7ff0\\uff1b1900 \\u5e74 3 \\u6708 1 \\u65e5\\u6b7b\\u4e8e\\u5723\\u7ea6\\u7ff0\\uff09\\u3002\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022zh\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:13:37.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T21:13:37.000000Z\u0022}]}],\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Death of Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t\\u003Cspan style=\\u0022background-color: initial;\\u0022\\u003ESir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter, a Father of Confederation, died in St. John\\u2019s, Newfoundland. Born into one of Newfoundland\\u2019s prominent families, Carter was a life-long politician. He served as prime minister of Newfoundland for several terms before being appointed to its Supreme Court. Carter became Newfoundland\\u2019s chief justice in 1880.\\u003C\\\/span\\u003E\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002293c8e17c-b67f-4b3c-9fe4-756d769f200b\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228419\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Death of Sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t\\u003Cspan style=\\u0022background-color: initial;\\u0022\\u003ESir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter, a Father of Confederation, died in St. John\\u2019s, Newfoundland. Born into one of Newfoundland\\u2019s prominent families, Carter was a life-long politician. He served as prime minister of Newfoundland for several terms before being appointed to its Supreme Court. Carter became Newfoundland\\u2019s chief justice in 1880.\\u003C\\\/span\\u003E\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022b163907e-a5c6-4847-9c0e-4b0b2405b2bb\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228419\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Mort de sir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t \\u003Cspan style=\\u0022background-color: initial;\\u0022\\u003ESir Frederic Bowker Terrington Carter, un des P\\u00e8res de la Conf\\u00e9d\\u00e9ration, est mort \\u00e0 St. John\\u2019s, \\u00e0 Terre-Neuve. N\\u00e9 au sein de l\\u2019une des illustres familles de Terre-Neuve, Frederic Carter est rest\\u00e9 toute sa vie actif sur la sc\\u00e8ne politique. Il a plusieurs fois servi comme premier ministre de Terre-Neuve avant d\\u2019\\u00eatre nomm\\u00e9 \\u00e0 la Cour supr\\u00eame de cette province. Frederic Carter devient juge en chef de Terre-Neuve en 1880.\\u003C\\\/span\\u003E\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00228816\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221861\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221969-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221969-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222016-02-11 11:59:45\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222016-01-06T20:20:12.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-05-28T18:39:03.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Formation of the Society for Promoting of Environmental Conservation\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t \\u003Cspan style=\\u0022background-color: initial;\\u0022\\u003ESPEC was founded in \\u003C\\\/span\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/burnaby\\\/\\u0022 style=\\u0022background-color: initial;\\u0022\\u003EBurnaby\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003Cspan style=\\u0022background-color: initial;\\u0022\\u003E, British Columbia. It was created in response to concerns about a worsening quality of life in urban areas due to traffic congestion, declines in air and water quality, and poor sewage treatment. From this beginning the organization\\u2019s focus quickly widened, and it campaigned on a range of environmental issues.\\u003C\\\/span\\u003E\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002259565d31-78ef-497c-8f11-7492e63f34b6\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228816\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Formation of the Society for Promoting of Environmental Conservation\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t \\u003Cspan style=\\u0022background-color: initial;\\u0022\\u003ESPEC was founded in \\u003C\\\/span\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/burnaby\\\/\\u0022 style=\\u0022background-color: initial;\\u0022\\u003EBurnaby\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003Cspan style=\\u0022background-color: initial;\\u0022\\u003E, British Columbia. It was created in response to concerns about a worsening quality of life in urban areas due to traffic congestion, declines in air and water quality, and poor sewage treatment. From this beginning the organization\\u2019s focus quickly widened, and it campaigned on a range of environmental issues.\\u003C\\\/span\\u003E\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022d727250c-dc01-42a8-821f-cc90ee18e60e\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228816\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Formation de la Society Promoting Environmental Conservation (SPEC) \u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t\\u003Cspan style=\\u0022background-color: initial;\\u0022\\u003ELa SPEC a \\u00e9t\\u00e9 fond\\u00e9e \\u00e0 \\u003C\\\/span\\u003E\\u003Cu style=\\u0022background-color: initial;\\u0022\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/burnaby\\\/\\u0022\\u003EBurnaby\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/u\\u003E\\u003Cspan style=\\u0022background-color: initial;\\u0022\\u003E, en Colombie-Britannique. Elle a \\u00e9t\\u00e9 cr\\u00e9\\u00e9e en r\\u00e9ponse aux inqui\\u00e9tudes quant \\u00e0 la diminution de la qualit\\u00e9 de vie en zones urbaines en raison de la congestion routi\\u00e8re, de la baisse de la qualit\\u00e9 de l\\u2019air et de l\\u2019eau, et du pi\\u00e8tre traitement des eaux us\\u00e9es. Les int\\u00e9r\\u00eats de l\\u2019organisation se sont rapidement \\u00e9largis. Elle a fait campagne sur un \\u00e9ventail de questions environnementales.\\u003C\\\/span\\u003E\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00228845\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221861\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221883-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221883-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222016-04-08 08:37:54\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222016-02-12T16:51:05.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222017-11-16T15:04:26.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canadian Women\\u2019s Suffrage Association Founded\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t The Toronto Women\\u2019s Literary Club voted to transform into the Canadian Woman\\u2019s Suffrage Association (CWSA) and became a forum for discussing women\\u2019s \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/franchise\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eenfranchisement\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. The CWSA had male and female members who were interested in a variety of reform initiatives. Despite its name, much of the organization\\u2019s work centred on Ontario.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022b31f5123-9f51-4043-ba3b-002b60d55079\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228845\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canadian Women\\u2019s Suffrage Association Founded\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t The Toronto Women\\u2019s Literary Club voted to transform into the Canadian Woman\\u2019s Suffrage Association (CWSA) and became a forum for discussing women\\u2019s \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/franchise\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eenfranchisement\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. The CWSA had male and female members who were interested in a variety of reform initiatives. Despite its name, much of the organization\\u2019s work centred on Ontario.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022d45c231d-9126-4c4e-9b65-26818a1801fa\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228845\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Fondation de la Canadian Women\\u2019s Suffrage Association (Association pour le droit de vote des Canadiennes)\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tLe Toronto Women\\u2019s Literary Club vote en faveur de l\\u2019adoption du nom Canadian Women\\u2019s Suffrage Association (CWSA), se transformant en forum de discussion sur l\\u2019\\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/franchise\\\/\\u0022\\u003E\\u00e9mancipation des femmes\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Le CWSA compte parmi ses rangs des membres masculins et f\\u00e9minins qui s\\u2019int\\u00e9ressent \\u00e0 diff\\u00e9rentes initiatives de r\\u00e9forme. Malgr\\u00e9 son nom, une grande partie du travail de l\\u2019association se centre sur l\\u2019Ontario.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00228865\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221861\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221915-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221915-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222016-04-08 08:37:54\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222016-02-12T19:10:44.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222017-11-16T15:04:24.000000Z\u0022,\u0022articles\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002276718\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022Nanci Langford\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:\u0022Jessica Poulin\u0022,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-10-11T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222022-01-07T21:51:09.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/united-farm-women-of-alberta\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022United Farm Women of Alberta\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022united-farm-women-of-alberta\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThe United Farm Women of Alberta (UFWA) was the first provincial organization of farm women in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/alberta\\u0022\\u003EAlberta\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Originally an auxiliary of the United Farmers of Alberta (UFA), the UFWA became\\r\\n\\ta separate organization in 1916. The organization became the Farm Women\\u2019s Union of Alberta (FWUA) in 1949 and the Women of Unifarm in 1970. The organization dissolved in 2000.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228865\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276718\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00227ce5b617-7b19-4556-9482-14ed7dd5cf3f\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276718\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022United Farm Women of Alberta\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThe United Farm Women of Alberta (UFWA) was the first provincial organization of farm women in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/alberta\\u0022\\u003EAlberta\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Originally an auxiliary of the United Farmers of Alberta (UFA), the UFWA became\\r\\n\\ta separate organization in 1916. The organization became the Farm Women\\u2019s Union of Alberta (FWUA) in 1949 and the Women of Unifarm in 1970. The organization dissolved in 2000.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022united-farm-women-of-alberta\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-10-11T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222022-01-07T21:51:09.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022997aa33c-d1a3-4b3f-b9b9-231d21535bd5\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276718\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Fermi\\u00e8res unies de l\\u0027Alberta\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ELes Fermi\\u00e8res unies de l\\u2019Alberta (UFWA) est la premi\\u00e8re organisation provinciale d\\u2019agricultrices en \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/alberta\\\/\\u0022\\u003EAlberta\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. D\\u2019abord fond\\u00e9e en 1915 \\u00e0 titre d\\u2019organisation auxiliaire des \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/united-farmers-of-alberta\\\/\\u0022\\u003EFermiers unis de l\\u2019Alberta\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E,\\r\\n\\tles Fermi\\u00e8res unies de l\\u2019Alberta est devenue une organisation distincte en 1916. Elle est devenue le Syndicat des fermi\\u00e8res de l\\u2019Alberta (FWUA) en 1949 et le Women of Unifarm (Femmes d\\u2019Unifarm) en 1970, avant d\\u2019\\u00eatre dissoute en 2000.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022les-fermieres-unies-de-lalberta\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-10-11T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222022-01-07T21:51:09.000000Z\u0022}]}],\u0022title\u0022:\u0022United Farm Women of Alberta Host Equal Franchise League\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tThe \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/united-farm-women-of-alberta\\\/\\u0022\\u003EUnited Farm Women\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u2019s Parliament (i.e., annual convention) hosted the president of the Edmonton Equal Franchise League, Dr. W.H. Alexander. During his speech, Alexander praised a recent petition drive, but lamented the lack of representation by the province\\u2019s rural women and urged the audience to redouble their suffrage efforts.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022feac5baf-86a8-47bd-a5f9-032c527f0d70\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228865\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022United Farm Women of Alberta Host Equal Franchise League\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tThe \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/united-farm-women-of-alberta\\\/\\u0022\\u003EUnited Farm Women\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u2019s Parliament (i.e., annual convention) hosted the president of the Edmonton Equal Franchise League, Dr. W.H. Alexander. During his speech, Alexander praised a recent petition drive, but lamented the lack of representation by the province\\u2019s rural women and urged the audience to redouble their suffrage efforts.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00224b78f832-2cf8-4edb-8ed2-b3f2d7544586\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228865\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00228885\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221861\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221909-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221909-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222016-04-08 08:37:54\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222016-02-12T20:38:43.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222017-11-16T15:04:27.000000Z\u0022,\u0022articles\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002271391\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022Charles W. Humphries\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:null,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:null,\u0022indigo\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222007-06-22T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222015-03-05T00:03:06.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/sir-james-pliny-whitney\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir James Pliny Whitney\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022sir-james-pliny-whitney\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Sir James Pliny Whitney, lawyer, politician, premier of Ontario 1905-14 (b in Williamsburg Twp, Canada W 2 Oct 1843; d at Toronto 25 Sept 1914). After breaking a 33-year Liberal hold upon the province, he headed an administration\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228885\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002271391\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00228c5c153f-3724-4fc5-a378-1959427b0548\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002271391\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir James Pliny Whitney\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Sir James Pliny Whitney, lawyer, politician, premier of Ontario 1905-14 (b in Williamsburg Twp, Canada W 2 Oct 1843; d at Toronto 25 Sept 1914). After breaking a 33-year Liberal hold upon the province, he headed an administration\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022sir-james-pliny-whitney\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222007-06-22T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222015-03-05T00:03:06.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00223d43cd9b-3670-4f6f-b14b-8c894cbe09c6\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002271391\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Whitney, sir James Pliny\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022whitney-sir-james-pliny\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222007-06-22T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222015-03-05T00:03:06.000000Z\u0022}]}],\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Suffragists Deliver Petition to Ontario Premier\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t Over 400 female and male suffragists delivered a petition to Ontario Premier Sir \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/sir-james-pliny-whitney\\\/\\u0022\\u003EJames Whitney\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Suffragists considered the petition proof of the strong desire for the woman\\u2019s vote. It contained some 100,000 signatures demanding \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/womens-suffrage\\\/\\u0022\\u003Ewomen\\u2019s suffrage\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Afterwards, the Toronto \\u003Cem\\u003EEvening Telegram\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E\\u2019s headline read: \\u201cSir James says \\u2018Not Now.\\u2019\\u201d\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002265f1c2ee-ab7b-47f2-b58d-967222c8a67b\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228885\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Suffragists Deliver Petition to Ontario Premier\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t Over 400 female and male suffragists delivered a petition to Ontario Premier Sir \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/sir-james-pliny-whitney\\\/\\u0022\\u003EJames Whitney\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Suffragists considered the petition proof of the strong desire for the woman\\u2019s vote. It contained some 100,000 signatures demanding \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/womens-suffrage\\\/\\u0022\\u003Ewomen\\u2019s suffrage\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Afterwards, the Toronto \\u003Cem\\u003EEvening Telegram\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E\\u2019s headline read: \\u201cSir James says \\u2018Not Now.\\u2019\\u201d\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022fe4a934e-f3ae-4270-9bab-b78eef285309\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228885\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Les suffragettes pr\\u00e9sentent une p\\u00e9tition au premier ministre de l\\u2019Ontario\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tPlus de 400 hommes et femmes appuyant le mouvement du droit de vote des femmes pr\\u00e9sentent une p\\u00e9tition au premier ministre ontarien, sir \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/sir-james-pliny-whitney\\\/\\u0022\\u003EJames Whitney\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Selon les militants, la p\\u00e9tition t\\u00e9moigne du d\\u00e9sir ardent qu\\u2019ont les femmes de voter aux \\u00e9lections. Contenant quelque 100 000 signatures, elle exige le \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/womens-suffrage\\\/\\u0022\\u003Edroit de vote des femmes\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Peu apr\\u00e8s cet \\u00e9v\\u00e9nement, on pourra lire, \\u00e0 la une du journal torontois \\u003Cem\\u003EEvening Telegram\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E : \\u00ab Sir James dit : pas maintenant \\u00bb.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00228915\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00221861\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221895-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221895-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222016-04-08 08:37:55\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222016-02-15T14:53:45.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222018-05-07T17:52:36.000000Z\u0022,\u0022articles\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002278162\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022Ernest R. Forbes\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222008-04-02T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222019-01-24T21:27:27.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/anna-harriette-leonowens\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Anna Leonowens\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022anna-harriette-leonowens\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EAnna Harriette Edwards Leonowens (born 6 November 1831 in Ahmadnagar, India; died 19 January 1915 in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/montreal\\u0022\\u003EMontreal\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/quebec\\u0022\\u003EQuebec\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E).\\r\\n\\tAnna Leonowens was an educator, author and lecturer who became famous as the British governess to the wives and children of King Mongkut (Rama IV) of Siam (now Thailand) in the 1860s.\\r\\n\\t\\u003Ca name=\\u0022_Hlk50640945\\u0022\\u003E \\u003C\\\/a\\u003EAfter leaving Siam, she emigrated to Canada, where she advocated for \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/suffrage\\u0022\\u003Ewomen\\u2019s suffrage\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, taught at \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/mcgill-university\\u0022\\u003EMcGill University\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tand helped found what is now the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/nova-scotia-college-of-art-and-design\\u0022\\u003ENova Scotia College of Art and Design\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. She was the inspiration for Margaret Landon\\u2019s historical novel, \\u003Cem\\u003EAnna and the King of Siam \\u003C\\\/em\\u003E(1944),\\r\\n\\tand the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical \\u003Cem\\u003EThe King and I\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E (1951).\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228915\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002278162\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022e742cba8-d636-45e7-a706-1032c7694450\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002278162\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Anna Leonowens\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EAnna Harriette Edwards Leonowens (born 6 November 1831 in Ahmadnagar, India; died 19 January 1915 in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/montreal\\u0022\\u003EMontreal\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/quebec\\u0022\\u003EQuebec\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E).\\r\\n\\tAnna Leonowens was an educator, author and lecturer who became famous as the British governess to the wives and children of King Mongkut (Rama IV) of Siam (now Thailand) in the 1860s.\\r\\n\\t\\u003Ca name=\\u0022_Hlk50640945\\u0022\\u003E \\u003C\\\/a\\u003EAfter leaving Siam, she emigrated to Canada, where she advocated for \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/suffrage\\u0022\\u003Ewomen\\u2019s suffrage\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, taught at \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/mcgill-university\\u0022\\u003EMcGill University\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tand helped found what is now the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/nova-scotia-college-of-art-and-design\\u0022\\u003ENova Scotia College of Art and Design\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. She was the inspiration for Margaret Landon\\u2019s historical novel, \\u003Cem\\u003EAnna and the King of Siam \\u003C\\\/em\\u003E(1944),\\r\\n\\tand the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical \\u003Cem\\u003EThe King and I\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E (1951).\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022anna-harriette-leonowens\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222008-04-02T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222019-01-24T21:27:27.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002204f65069-843e-4e78-a905-5b25a2c86f6f\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002278162\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Anna Leonowens\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp class=\\u0022MsoNormal\\u0022\\u003E\\u003Cspan lang=\\u0022FR-CA\\u0022\\u003EAnna Harriette Edwards Leonowens (n\\u00e9e le 6\\u00a0novembre\\r\\n1831 \\u00e0 Ahmadnagar, en Inde; d\\u00e9c\\u00e9d\\u00e9e le 19\\u00a0janvier 1915 \\u00e0 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/montreal\\u0022\\u003EMontr\\u00e9al\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E,\\r\\nau \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/quebec\\u0022\\u003EQu\\u00e9bec\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E).\\r\\nAnna Leonowens \\u00e9tait une enseignante, auteure et\\r\\nconf\\u00e9renci\\u00e8re qui est devenue c\\u00e9l\\u00e8bre en tant que gouvernante britannique des\\r\\n\\u00e9pouses et des enfants du roi Mongkut (Rama\\u00a0IV) du Siam (aujourd\\u2019hui la\\r\\nTha\\u00eflande) dans les ann\\u00e9es\\u00a01860. Apr\\u00e8s avoir quitt\\u00e9 le Siam, elle a\\r\\n\\u00e9migr\\u00e9 au Canada, o\\u00f9 elle a milit\\u00e9 pour le \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/suffrage\\u0022\\u003Edroit de vote\\r\\ndes femmes\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, enseign\\u00e9 \\u00e0 l\\u2019\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/mcgill-university\\u0022\\u003EUniversit\\u00e9\\r\\nMcGill\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E et contribu\\u00e9 \\u00e0 la fondation de ce qui est aujourd\\u2019hui le \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/nova-scotia-college-of-art-and-design\\u0022\\u003ENova\\r\\nScotia College of Art and Design\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Elle a \\u00e9t\\u00e9 l\\u2019inspiration du roman\\r\\nhistorique de Margaret Landon, \\u003Ci\\u003EAnna and the King of Siam \\u003C\\\/i\\u003E(1944; trad. \\u003Ci\\u003EAnna\\r\\net le roi,\\u003C\\\/i\\u003E 2000), et de la com\\u00e9die musicale de Rodgers et Hammerstein, \\u003Ci\\u003EThe\\r\\nKing and I\\u003C\\\/i\\u003E (1951; v.f. \\u003Ci\\u003ELe roi et moi\\u003C\\\/i\\u003E).\\u003Co:p\\u003E\\u003C\\\/o:p\\u003E\\u003C\\\/span\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022leonowens-anna-harriette\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222008-04-02T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222019-01-24T21:27:27.000000Z\u0022}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002279742\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022Ernest R. Forbes\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:null,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:null,\u0022indigo\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222008-04-02T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-12-16T06:59:19.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/eliza-ritchie\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Eliza Ritchie\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022eliza-ritchie\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Eliza Ritchie, educator, feminist (b at Halifax 20 May 1856; d there 5 Sept 1933). Ritchie graduated from Dalhousie in 1887 and 2 years later obtained her PhD from Cornell, probably the first Canadian woman to secure a doctorate.\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228915\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279742\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022bceb7026-1406-41fd-84eb-212d3b04ebec\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279742\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Eliza Ritchie\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Eliza Ritchie, educator, feminist (b at Halifax 20 May 1856; d there 5 Sept 1933). Ritchie graduated from Dalhousie in 1887 and 2 years later obtained her PhD from Cornell, probably the first Canadian woman to secure a doctorate.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022eliza-ritchie\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222008-04-02T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-12-16T06:59:19.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002267ed4c1c-608c-41e5-bdb0-eacddb8173fa\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279742\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Ritchie, Eliza\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Eliza Ritchie, \\u00e9ducatrice et f\\u00e9ministe (Halifax, 20 mai 1856 -- id., 5 sept. 1933). Dipl\\u00f4m\\u00e9e de Dalhousie en 1887, elle obtient, deux ans plus tard, un doctorat de Cornell. Elle est probablement la premi\\u00e8re Canadienne \\u00e0 recevoir un tel dipl\\u00f4me.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022ritchie-eliza\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222008-04-02T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-12-16T06:59:19.000000Z\u0022}]}],\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Halifax Suffrage Association Established\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t The Halifax Suffrage Association (HSA) was established with \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/anna-harriette-leonowens\\\/\\u0022\\u003EAnna Leonowens\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, an author and feminist, as its first president. Leonowens would become one the region\\u2019s most visible leaders in the women\\u2019s rights movement. The HSA leadership included \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/eliza-ritchie\\\/\\u0022\\u003EEliza Ritchie\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, who was \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/nova-scotia\\\/\\u0022\\u003ENova Scotia\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u2019s first female professor, and community leader Charlotte McNeill.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00222424104f-1a70-41ef-ad9c-5cdf99b7d40e\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228915\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Halifax Suffrage Association Established\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t The Halifax Suffrage Association (HSA) was established with \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/anna-harriette-leonowens\\\/\\u0022\\u003EAnna Leonowens\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, an author and feminist, as its first president. Leonowens would become one the region\\u2019s most visible leaders in the women\\u2019s rights movement. The HSA leadership included \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/eliza-ritchie\\\/\\u0022\\u003EEliza Ritchie\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, who was \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/nova-scotia\\\/\\u0022\\u003ENova Scotia\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u2019s first female professor, and community leader Charlotte McNeill.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022c9282b57-c57e-4343-ae62-1ea9241817c9\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228915\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Fondation de la Halifax Women\\u2019s Suffrage Association (association pour le droit de vote des femmes d\\u2019Halifax)\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tLa Halifax Woman\\u2019s Suffrage Association (WSA) est mise sur pied, avec pour premi\\u00e8re pr\\u00e9sidente \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/anna-harriette-leonowens\\\/\\u0022\\u003EAnna Leonowens\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, auteure et f\\u00e9ministe. Anna Leonowens fera plus tard figure de proue dans le mouvement pour les droits des femmes dans cette r\\u00e9gion. Parmi les dirigeantes de la WSA, citons \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/eliza-ritchie\\\/\\u0022\\u003EEliza Ritchie\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, premi\\u00e8re femme professeure de \\u003Ca href=\\u0022http:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/nova-scotia\\\/\\u0022\\u003ENouvelle-\\u00c9cosse\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, ainsi que la chef de communaut\\u00e9 Charlotte McNeill.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00228935\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:\u00223649\u0022,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221809-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221809-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:\u00222016-04-06 12:24:19\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222016-02-15T19:10:58.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222016-04-06T16:24:19.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Resumption of Trade\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t President Thomas Jefferson authorized the \\u003Cem\\u003ENon-Intercourse Act\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E, effectively repealing the \\u003Cem\\u003EEmbargo Act\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E and allowing the resumption of all trade except that with Britain and France.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022b8a0c785-6309-4808-805c-caaab24c262a\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228935\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Resumption of Trade\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\t President Thomas Jefferson authorized the \\u003Cem\\u003ENon-Intercourse Act\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E, effectively repealing the \\u003Cem\\u003EEmbargo Act\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E and allowing the resumption of all trade except that with Britain and France.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00223a9224de-c920-4367-a011-fbf4712b03df\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00228935\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Reprise du commerce\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\r\\n\\tLe pr\\u00e9sident Thomas Jefferson approuve la \\u003Cem\\u003ENon-Intercourse Act\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E, annulant par le fait m\\u00eame la \\u003Cem\\u003EEmbargo Act\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E et permettant au commerce de reprendre, except\\u00e9 avec l\\u2019Angleterre et la France.\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022995ddba7-1bdb-451c-9f77-8a9e4c97966a\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:null,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221989-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221989-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222020-07-08T21:43:19.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222020-07-11T00:17:50.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Oka Announces Plan to Expand Golf Course\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThe Town of \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/oka\\u0022\\u003EOka\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E announces its plan to build a townhouse complex and expand the golf course into the Pines and over the Kanesatake ancestral \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/cemeteries\\u0022\\u003Ecemetery\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Since the Kanesatake \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/band\\u0022\\u003EBand\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u2019s land claim had been rejected in 1986, they were not consulted. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/chief\\u0022\\u003EChief\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Clarence Simon immediately demands that the golf course expansion be cancelled.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00224f7cbce8-07b8-41bb-b276-e685d2acd0f6\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022995ddba7-1bdb-451c-9f77-8a9e4c97966a\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Oka Announces Plan to Expand Golf Course\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThe Town of \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/oka\\u0022\\u003EOka\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E announces its plan to build a townhouse complex and expand the golf course into the Pines and over the Kanesatake ancestral \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/cemeteries\\u0022\\u003Ecemetery\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Since the Kanesatake \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/band\\u0022\\u003EBand\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u2019s land claim had been rejected in 1986, they were not consulted. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/chief\\u0022\\u003EChief\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Clarence Simon immediately demands that the golf course expansion be cancelled.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022591274d1-d9c0-4de5-894b-845eb52b9e6c\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022995ddba7-1bdb-451c-9f77-8a9e4c97966a\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Oka annonce un plan d\\u2019expansion du terrain de golf\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ELa ville d\\u2019\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/oka-1\\u0022\\u003EOka\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E annonce son intention de construire un complexe de maisons en rang\\u00e9e et d\\u2019agrandir le terrain de golf dans la pin\\u00e8de et sur le \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/cimetieres\\u0022\\u003Ecimeti\\u00e8re\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E ancestral de Kanesatake. Comme la revendication territoriale de la \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/bande-1\\u0022\\u003Ebande\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E de Kanesatake avait \\u00e9t\\u00e9 refus\\u00e9e en 1986, la bande n\\u2019est pas consult\\u00e9e. Le \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/chef\\u0022\\u003EChef\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Clarence Simon demande imm\\u00e9diatement que l\\u2019expansion du terrain de golf soit annul\\u00e9e.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229b921d31-c08b-4e14-afe1-f0a6f3f8d9fc\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:null,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221964-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221964-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-03-15T16:02:53.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-03-15T16:02:53.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canada\\u0027s First Gay Periodical Is Published\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EMiss Muffett, a gay introduction service based in Toronto, began publishing \\u003Cem\\u003EGAY\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E, a bimonthly tabloid. \\u003Cem\\u003EGAY\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E was Canada\\u0027s first gay \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/periodicals-emc\\u0022\\u003Eperiodical\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E and one of the first homosexual periodicals anywhere to use the word \\u003Cem\\u003Egay\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E in its title. Their name was openly displayed on the outside of their offices at 980 Queen Street East. Within four months of its first appearance, \\u003Cem\\u003EGAY\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E had secured newsstand distribution in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/toronto\\u0022\\u003EToronto\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/montreal\\u0022\\u003EMontreal\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/hamilton\\u0022\\u003EHamilton\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, New York and Chicago. The publication was later renamed \\u003Cem\\u003EGay International\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E and incorporated under the name Gay Publishing Company.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229b921d31-c305-4fb7-a270-89d0b364dbe1\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00229b921d31-c08b-4e14-afe1-f0a6f3f8d9fc\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canada\\u0027s First Gay Periodical Is Published\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EMiss Muffett, a gay introduction service based in Toronto, began publishing \\u003Cem\\u003EGAY\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E, a bimonthly tabloid. \\u003Cem\\u003EGAY\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E was Canada\\u0027s first gay \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/periodicals-emc\\u0022\\u003Eperiodical\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E and one of the first homosexual periodicals anywhere to use the word \\u003Cem\\u003Egay\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E in its title. Their name was openly displayed on the outside of their offices at 980 Queen Street East. Within four months of its first appearance, \\u003Cem\\u003EGAY\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E had secured newsstand distribution in \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/toronto\\u0022\\u003EToronto\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/montreal\\u0022\\u003EMontreal\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/hamilton\\u0022\\u003EHamilton\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, New York and Chicago. The publication was later renamed \\u003Cem\\u003EGay International\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E and incorporated under the name Gay Publishing Company.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229b921d31-c546-40c6-bc92-4022b59eb911\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00229b921d31-c08b-4e14-afe1-f0a6f3f8d9fc\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Publication du premier p\\u00e9riodique gai au Canada\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EMiss Muffett, un service de rencontre pour les gais, bas\\u00e9 \\u00e0 Toronto, commence \\u00e0 publier \\u003Cem\\u003EGAY\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E, un tablo\\u00efd bimensuel. \\u003Cem\\u003EGAY\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E est le premier p\\u00e9riodique gai au Canada et l\\u2019un des premiers \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/periodicals-emc\\u0022\\u003Ep\\u00e9riodiques\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E homosexuels \\u00e0 utiliser le mot \\u00ab\\u0026nbsp;gay\\u0026nbsp;\\u00bb dans son titre. Son nom est ouvertement affich\\u00e9 \\u00e0 l\\u2019ext\\u00e9rieur de ses bureaux situ\\u00e9s au 980 rue Queen Est. Quatre mois apr\\u00e8s sa premi\\u00e8re parution, \\u003Cem\\u003EGAY\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E est distribu\\u00e9 au kiosque \\u00e0 journaux \\u00e0 Toronto, Montr\\u00e9al, Hamilton, New York et Chicago. La publication est rebaptis\\u00e9e \\u003Cem\\u003EGay International \\u003C\\\/em\\u003Eet constitu\\u00e9e en soci\\u00e9t\\u00e9 sous le nom de Gay Publishing Company.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229697\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/media\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u0022b7e7a490-6e0f-427d-b9e3-22457f483442\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022jpg\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/jpeg\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:100000,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222014-06-06T13:51:04.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222015-04-15T20:00:35.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Pride March on University Ave in Toronto, 1972.\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Pride March on University Ave in Toronto, 1972.\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022Image: \\u00a9 Jearld Moldenhauer\\\/jearldmoldenhauer.com\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/b7e7a490-6e0f-427d-b9e3-22457f483442.jpg\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/b7e7a490-6e0f-427d-b9e3-22457f483442.jpg\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022Image: \\u00a9 Jearld Moldenhauer\\\/jearldmoldenhauer.com\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u00229b921d31-c08b-4e14-afe1-f0a6f3f8d9fc\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00229697\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00223c4ee366-059a-4ac8-b48d-36541b0e7256\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00229697\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Pride March on University Ave in Toronto, 1972.\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Pride March on University Ave in Toronto, 1972.\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022Image: \\u00a9 Jearld Moldenhauer\\\/jearldmoldenhauer.com\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022Image: \\u00a9 Jearld Moldenhauer\\\/jearldmoldenhauer.com\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022b11f511f-214b-47de-87e0-807dd8a6a4c0\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00229697\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Marche de la Fiert\\u00e9sur l\\u2018avenue University, \\u00e0 Toronto en 1972.\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Marche de la Fiert\\u00e9sur l\\u2018avenue University, \\u00e0 Toronto en 1972.\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022Image: \\u00a9 Jearld Moldenhauer\\\/jearldmoldenhauer.com\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022Image: \\u00a9 Jearld Moldenhauer\\\/jearldmoldenhauer.com\u0022}]}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229b921e29-86aa-4b49-a2eb-00533fe66dd2\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:null,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221965-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221965-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-03-15T16:05:35.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-03-15T16:05:35.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022The Forms of Loss Is Published\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003Cem\\u003EThe Forms of Loss\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E, a book of \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/poetry-in-english\\u0022\\u003Epoetry\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E by Edward A. Lacey, is thought to be the first book published in English Canada expressing overt gay sexuality. The book was sponsored by \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/dennis-lee\\u0022\\u003EDennis Lee\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E and \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/margaret-atwood\\u0022\\u003EMargaret Atwood\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, who both financially supported its publication.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229b921e29-8928-421f-a2d1-0e30e2a4445b\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00229b921e29-86aa-4b49-a2eb-00533fe66dd2\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022The Forms of Loss Is Published\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003Cem\\u003EThe Forms of Loss\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E, a book of \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/poetry-in-english\\u0022\\u003Epoetry\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E by Edward A. Lacey, is thought to be the first book published in English Canada expressing overt gay sexuality. The book was sponsored by \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/dennis-lee\\u0022\\u003EDennis Lee\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E and \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/margaret-atwood\\u0022\\u003EMargaret Atwood\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, who both financially supported its publication.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229b921e29-8b4d-42b7-8a35-a47babace14b\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00229b921e29-86aa-4b49-a2eb-00533fe66dd2\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Publication du recueil de po\\u00e8mes The Forms of Loss\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003Cem\\u003EThe Forms of Loss\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E, un recueil de \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/poesie-de-langue-francaise\\u0022\\u003Epo\\u00e8mes\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E de E.A. Lacey, est consid\\u00e9r\\u00e9 comme le premier livre publi\\u00e9 au Canada anglais exprimant ouvertement une sexualit\\u00e9 gaie. Le livre a \\u00e9t\\u00e9 parrain\\u00e9 par \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/dennis-lee\\u0022\\u003EDennis Lee\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E et \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/margaret-atwood\\u0022\\u003EMargaret Atwood\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, qui ont soutenu financi\\u00e8rement sa publication.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002211664\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/media\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u002246a3c4ec-a503-4e72-bba8-c78f5fcd885a\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022jpg\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/jpeg\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:100000,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222015-07-03T17:56:24.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222015-07-03T17:56:24.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Rainbow graffiti Montreal\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Rainbow graffiti Montreal\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThis rainbow mosaic is painted on a brick wall in the gay quarter of Montreal and signifies gay pride.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(\\u00a9 Rixie\\\/Dreamstime)\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/46a3c4ec-a503-4e72-bba8-c78f5fcd885a.jpg\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/46a3c4ec-a503-4e72-bba8-c78f5fcd885a.jpg\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(\\u00a9 Rixie\\\/Dreamstime)\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u00229b921e29-86aa-4b49-a2eb-00533fe66dd2\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u002211664\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002282d86f3b-b4ce-4670-9a54-5d5eb3e7090a\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u002211664\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Rainbow graffiti Montreal\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Rainbow graffiti Montreal\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThis rainbow mosaic is painted on a brick wall in the gay quarter of Montreal and signifies gay pride.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(\\u00a9 Rixie\\\/Dreamstime)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(\\u00a9 Rixie\\\/Dreamstime)\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00223fc5efab-0e36-4357-8ed5-337cd2119a10\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u002211664\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Graffiti repr\\u00e9sentant un arc-en-ciel \\u00e0 Montr\\u00e9al\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Graffiti repr\\u00e9sentant un arc-en-ciel \\u00e0 Montr\\u00e9al\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ECet arc-en-ciel mosa\\u00efqu\\u00e9 est peint sur un mur en brique dans le quartier gai de Montr\\u00e9al et signifie la fiert\\u00e9 gaie.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(\\u00a9 Rixie\\\/Dreamstime)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(\\u00a9 Rixie\\\/Dreamstime)\u0022}]}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229c79af0a-2cd1-40a1-86f8-e9b0bf047908\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:null,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221989-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221989-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-07-08T18:46:56.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-07-08T18:46:56.000000Z\u0022,\u0022articles\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002277896\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022Donald J.c. Phillipson\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:null,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:null,\u0022indigo\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222008-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222017-03-24T14:40:51.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/larkin-kerwin\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Larkin Kerwin\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022larkin-kerwin\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022John Larkin Kerwin, physicist, research director (born 22 June 1924 in Qu\\u00e9bec City, Qu\\u00e9bec; died 1 May 2004 in Qu\\u00e9bec City). Kerwin joined Laval\\u0027s physics department in 1946 after study at St Francis Xavier, U of T and Massachusetts Inst of Technology and, after earning his DSc at Laval, rose to become its rector in 1972.\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00229c79af0a-2cd1-40a1-86f8-e9b0bf047908\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002277896\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022a7d2f701-388a-4339-87da-18692edd18bd\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002277896\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Larkin Kerwin\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022John Larkin Kerwin, physicist, research director (born 22 June 1924 in Qu\\u00e9bec City, Qu\\u00e9bec; died 1 May 2004 in Qu\\u00e9bec City). Kerwin joined Laval\\u0027s physics department in 1946 after study at St Francis Xavier, U of T and Massachusetts Inst of Technology and, after earning his DSc at Laval, rose to become its rector in 1972.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022larkin-kerwin\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222008-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222017-03-24T14:40:51.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002268cccb02-8f03-4a41-8b77-53ced363ec5b\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002277896\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Larkin Kerwin\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022John Larkin Kerwin, physicien, directeur de recherches (n\\u00e9 le 22 juin 1924 \\u00e0 Qu\\u00e9bec, au Qu\\u00e9bec; d\\u00e9c\\u00e9d\\u00e9 le 1 mai 2004 \\u00e0 Qu\\u00e9bec). Kerwin se joint au d\\u00e9partement de physique de l\\u0027U. Laval en 1946, apr\\u00e8s des \\u00e9tudes \\u00e0 St. Francis Xavier, \\u00e0 l\\u0027U. de Toronto et au Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Lui-m\\u00eame dipl\\u00f4m\\u00e9 d\\u0027un doctorat en sciences de l\\u0027U.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022kerwin-john-larkin\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222008-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222017-03-24T14:40:51.000000Z\u0022}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002282257\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022Lydia Dotto, Chuck Black\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:\u0022Jessica Poulin\u0022,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-06-27T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222023-11-23T15:42:07.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadian-space-agency\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canadian Space Agency\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022canadian-space-agency\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EEstablished in 1989, the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) promotes the peaceful use and development of space for the social and economic benefit of Canadians. It also coordinates \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/federal-government\\u0022\\u003Efederal government\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E contributions to the CSA\\u2019s various partners in Canada and abroad. The agency\\u2019s current mandate includes the Canadian \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/astronaut\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eastronaut\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E program, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/satellite\\\/\\u0022\\u003Esatellite\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tdevelopment, space \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/science\\u0022\\u003Escience\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E and \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/space-technology\\u0022\\u003Etechnology\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E programs, space stations and \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/robotics\\u0022\\u003Erobotics\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadian-space-agency#KeyTerms\\u0022\\u003EClick here\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E for definitions of key terms used in this article.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00229c79af0a-2cd1-40a1-86f8-e9b0bf047908\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002282257\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022fe8dcb57-9866-4656-b651-b0856aac4d65\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002282257\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canadian Space Agency\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EEstablished in 1989, the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) promotes the peaceful use and development of space for the social and economic benefit of Canadians. It also coordinates \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/federal-government\\u0022\\u003Efederal government\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E contributions to the CSA\\u2019s various partners in Canada and abroad. The agency\\u2019s current mandate includes the Canadian \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/astronaut\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eastronaut\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E program, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/satellite\\\/\\u0022\\u003Esatellite\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tdevelopment, space \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/science\\u0022\\u003Escience\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E and \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/space-technology\\u0022\\u003Etechnology\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E programs, space stations and \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/robotics\\u0022\\u003Erobotics\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadian-space-agency#KeyTerms\\u0022\\u003EClick here\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E for definitions of key terms used in this article.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022canadian-space-agency\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-06-27T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222023-11-23T15:42:07.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022a504047b-b9a8-484d-af26-111dd77cc457\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002282257\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Agence spatiale canadienne\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EL\\u2019Agence spatiale canadienne (ASC) a \\u00e9t\\u00e9 cr\\u00e9\\u00e9e en 1989 et elle fait la promotion de l\\u2019utilisation pacifique et du d\\u00e9veloppement de l\\u2019espace dans l\\u2019int\\u00e9r\\u00eat social et \\u00e9conomique des Canadiens. Elle coordonne \\u00e9galement les contributions du \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/federal-government\\u0022\\u003Egouvernement f\\u00e9d\\u00e9ral\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E aux\\r\\n\\tdivers partenaires de l\\u2019ASC, au Canada et \\u00e0 l\\u2019\\u00e9tranger. Le mandat actuel de l\\u2019agence comprend le programme des \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/astronaut\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eastronautes\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E canadiens, la mise au point de \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/satellite\\\/\\u0022\\u003Esatellites\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E,\\r\\n\\tla \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/science\\u0022\\u003Escience\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E spatiale et les programmes de \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/space-technology\\u0022\\u003Etechnologie\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, les stations spatiales, ainsi\\r\\n\\tque la \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/robotics\\u0022\\u003Erobotique\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003EVeuillez \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/agence-spatiale-canadienne#Termescls\\u0022\\u003Ecliquer ici\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E pour les d\\u00e9finitions des termes cl\\u00e9s utilis\\u00e9s dans cet article.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022agence-spatiale-canadienne\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-06-27T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222023-11-23T15:42:07.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229d6957c6-e01d-43c3-80d8-ddf2b6ea2e57\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002282257\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Canadian Space Agency [\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u592a\\u7a7a\\u5c40]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u592a\\u7a7a\\u5c40\\uff08CSA\\uff09\\u6210\\u7acb\\u65bc 1989 \\u5e74\\uff0c\\u4fc3\\u9032\\u7a7a\\u9593\\u7684\\u548c\\u5e73\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u548c\\u767c\\u5c55\\uff0c\\u4ee5\\u70ba\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u4eba\\u7684\\u793e\\u6703\\u548c\\u7d93\\u6fdf\\u5229\\u76ca\\u800c\\u63a8\\u52d5\\u3002\\u5b83\\u9084\\u5354\\u8abf\\u806f\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/federal-government\\u0022\\u003E\\u90a6\\u653f\\u5e9c\\u5411\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E CSA \\u5728\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u548c\\u570b\\u5916\\u7684\\u5404\\u7a2e\\u5408\\u4f5c\\u5925\\u4f34\\u7684\\u8ca2\\u737b\\u3002\\u8a72\\u6a5f\\u69cb\\u76ee\\u524d\\u7684\\u4efb\\u52d9\\u5305\\u62ec\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/astronaut\\\/\\u0022\\u003E\\u5b87\\u822a\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u54e1\\u8a08\\u5283\\uff0c\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/satellite\\\/\\u0022\\u003E\\u885b\\u661f\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u958b\\u767c\\uff0c\\u592a\\u7a7a\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/science\\u0022\\u003E\\u79d1\\u5b78\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u548c\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/space-technology\\u0022\\u003E\\u6280\\u8853\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u8a08\\u5283\\uff0c\\u592a\\u7a7a\\u7ad9\\u548c\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/robotics\\u0022\\u003E\\u6a5f\\u5668\\u4eba\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u3002\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadian-space-agency#KeyTerms\\u0022\\u003E\\u6309\\u4e00\\u4e0b\\u6b64\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u8655\\u4e86\\u89e3\\u672c\\u6587\\u4e2d\\u4f7f\\u7528\\u7684\\u95dc\\u9375\\u8853\\u8a9e\\u7684\\u5b9a\\u7fa9\\u3002\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022zh-TW\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-11-04T22:01:37.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-11-04T22:01:37.000000Z\u0022}]}],\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Creation of the Canadian Space Agency\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThe \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadian-space-agency\\u0022\\u003ECanadian Space Agency\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E (CSA) was established and \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/larkin-kerwin\\u0022\\u003ELarkin Kerwin\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E was made the organization\\u2019s first president.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229c79af0a-55fb-4c11-a439-d0615522384b\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00229c79af0a-2cd1-40a1-86f8-e9b0bf047908\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Creation of the Canadian Space Agency\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThe \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/canadian-space-agency\\u0022\\u003ECanadian Space Agency\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E (CSA) was established and \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/larkin-kerwin\\u0022\\u003ELarkin Kerwin\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E was made the organization\\u2019s first president.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229c79af0a-58da-4087-a2b0-e08acff0f373\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u00229c79af0a-2cd1-40a1-86f8-e9b0bf047908\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Cr\\u00e9ation de l\\u2019Agence spatiale canadienne\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EL\\u2019\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/agence-spatiale-canadienne\\u0022\\u003EAgence spatiale canadienne\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E (ASC) est cr\\u00e9\\u00e9e et \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/kerwin-john-larkin\\u0022\\u003ELarkin Kerwin\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E en est nomm\\u00e9 le premier pr\\u00e9sident.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022media\u0022:[]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022b8e43707-1dbc-4a3f-85dd-62662d61861c\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:null,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221922-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221922-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222022-11-04T14:43:49.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222022-11-04T14:44:19.000000Z\u0022,\u0022articles\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022Harold Troper\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:\u0022Maude-Emmanuelle Lambert; Clayton Ma\u0022,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-04-23T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222022-10-26T18:02:12.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Immigration to Canada\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022immigration\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThe movement of individuals of one country into another for the purpose of resettlement is central to Canadian history. The story of Canadian immigration is not one of orderly population growth; instead, it has been \\u2014 and remains one \\u2014 about economic\\r\\n\\tdevelopment as well as Canadian attitudes and values. It has often been unashamedly economically self-serving and ethnically or racially discriminatory despite contributing to creating a \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003Emulticultural\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tsociety (\\u003Cem\\u003Esee \\u003C\\\/em\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003EImmigration Policy in Canada\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E; \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003ERefugees to Canada\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E). Immigration has also contributed\\r\\n\\tto dispossessing \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003EIndigenous peoples\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E of their ancestral lands.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E(This article is the full-length text on immigration to Canada. If you wish to read a plain-language summary, please see \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003EImmigration to Canada (Plain-Language Summary)\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022b8e43707-1dbc-4a3f-85dd-62662d61861c\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229db397d3-701b-4e5c-85f8-f12a7572bb4c\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Immigration to Canada [\\u0627\\u0644\\u0647\\u062c\\u0631\\u0629 \\u0625\\u0644\\u0649 \\u0643\\u0646\\u062f\\u0627]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u062a\\u0639\\u062a\\u0628\\u0631 \\u062d\\u0631\\u0643\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u0641\\u0631\\u0627\\u062f \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0628\\u0644\\u062f \\u0625\\u0644\\u0649 \\u0622\\u062e\\u0631 \\u0644\\u063a\\u0631\\u0636 \\u0625\\u0639\\u0627\\u062f\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0648\\u0637\\u064a\\u0646 \\u0623\\u0645\\u0631\\u064b\\u0627 \\u0623\\u0633\\u0627\\u0633\\u064a\\u064b\\u0627 \\u0641\\u064a \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0627\\u0631\\u064a\\u062e \\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u0646\\u062f\\u064a. \\u0625\\u0646 \\u0642\\u0635\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0647\\u062c\\u0631\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u0646\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0644\\u064a\\u0633\\u062a \\u0642\\u0635\\u0629 \\u0646\\u0645\\u0648 \\u0633\\u0643\\u0627\\u0646\\u064a \\u0645\\u0646\\u0638\\u0645\\u061b \\u0628\\u0644 \\u0625\\u0646\\u0647\\u0627 \\u0643\\u0627\\u0646\\u062a - \\u0648\\u0644\\u0627 \\u062a\\u0632\\u0627\\u0644 \\u0648\\u0627\\u062d\\u062f\\u0629 - \\u062d\\u0648\\u0644 \\r\\n \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0646\\u0645\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0642\\u062a\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0648\\u0643\\u0630\\u0644\\u0643 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0648\\u0627\\u0642\\u0641 \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u0642\\u064a\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u0646\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629. \\u063a\\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u064b\\u0627 \\u0645\\u0627 \\u0643\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0628\\u0644\\u0627 \\u062e\\u062c\\u0644 \\u064a\\u062e\\u062f\\u0645 \\u0645\\u0635\\u0627\\u0644\\u062d \\u0630\\u0627\\u062a\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0642\\u062a\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f\\u064a\\u064b\\u0627 \\u0648\\u062a\\u0645\\u064a\\u064a\\u0632\\u064b\\u0627 \\u0639\\u0631\\u0642\\u064a\\u064b\\u0627 \\u0623\\u0648 \\u0639\\u0646\\u0635\\u0631\\u064a\\u064b\\u0627 \\u0639\\u0644\\u0649 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0631\\u063a\\u0645 \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0645\\u0633\\u0627\\u0647\\u0645\\u062a\\u0647 \\u0641\\u064a \\u0625\\u0646\\u0634\\u0627\\u0621 \\u0645\\u062c\\u062a\\u0645\\u0639 \\u0645\\u062a\\u0639\\u062f\\u062f \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003E\\u0627\\u0644\\u062b\\u0642\\u0627\\u0641\\u0627\\u062a\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E (\\u003Cem\\u003E\\u0627\\u0646\\u0638\\u0631\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003E\\u0633\\u064a\\u0627\\u0633\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0647\\u062c\\u0631\\u0629 \\u0641\\u064a \\u0643\\u0646\\u062f\\u0627\\u061b \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003E\\u0627\\u0644\\u0644\\u0627\\u062c\\u0626\\u0648\\u0646\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0625\\u0644\\u0649 \\u0643\\u0646\\u062f\\u0627\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E). \\u0643\\u0645\\u0627 \\r\\n \\u0633\\u0627\\u0647\\u0645\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0647\\u062c\\u0631\\u0629 \\u0641\\u064a \\u062a\\u062c\\u0631\\u064a\\u062f \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u0627\\u0644\\u0634\\u0639\\u0648\\u0628 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u0635\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0623\\u0631\\u0627\\u0636\\u064a \\u0623\\u062c\\u062f\\u0627\\u062f\\u0647\\u0645.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022hg\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ar\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:4,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-11T19:51:59.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-11T19:51:59.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022b3979a5b-d7b2-4dcc-8501-4f427edab377\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Immigration to Canada\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThe movement of individuals of one country into another for the purpose of resettlement is central to Canadian history. The story of Canadian immigration is not one of orderly population growth; instead, it has been \\u2014 and remains one \\u2014 about economic\\r\\n\\tdevelopment as well as Canadian attitudes and values. It has often been unashamedly economically self-serving and ethnically or racially discriminatory despite contributing to creating a \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003Emulticultural\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\tsociety (\\u003Cem\\u003Esee \\u003C\\\/em\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003EImmigration Policy in Canada\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E; \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003ERefugees to Canada\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E). Immigration has also contributed\\r\\n\\tto dispossessing \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003EIndigenous peoples\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E of their ancestral lands.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E(This article is the full-length text on immigration to Canada. If you wish to read a plain-language summary, please see \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003EImmigration to Canada (Plain-Language Summary)\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022immigration\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-04-23T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-08T14:50:24.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229de9dab4-6963-4d2a-9aff-37a3afe5f05a\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Inmigraci\\u00f3n a Canad\\u00e1\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EEl traslado de personas de un pa\\u00eds a otro con fines de reasentamiento es fundamental para la historia canadiense. La historia de la inmigraci\\u00f3n canadiense no es una historia de crecimiento demogr\\u00e1fico ordenado; por el contrario, ha girado \\u2014y sigue si\\u00e9ndolo\\u2014 en torno al \\r\\n desarrollo econ\\u00f3mico, as\\u00ed como a las actitudes y valores canadienses. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003ECon frecuencia ha sido descaradamente ego\\u00edsta desde el punto de vista econ\\u00f3mico y discriminatorio desde el punto de vista \\u00e9tnico o racial, a pesar de haber contribuido a crear una sociedad \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003Emulticultural\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E (\\u003Cem\\u003Ev\\u00e9ase\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003EPol\\u00edtica de inmigraci\\u00f3n\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E en Canad\\u00e1; Refugiados en Canad\\u00e1).\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003ELa inmigraci\\u00f3n tambi\\u00e9n ha contribuido a desposeer a los pueblos ind\\u00edgenas de sus tierras \\r\\n ancestrales.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\u003Cp\\u003E(Este art\\u00edculo es el texto completo sobre la inmigraci\\u00f3n a Canad\\u00e1. Si desea leer un resumen en lenguaje sencillo, consulte \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003EInmigraci\\u00f3n a Canad\\u00e1 (resumen en lenguaje sencillo\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E).)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022inmigracion\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022es\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:4,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-07T19:13:41.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-07T19:13:41.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e0eb006-a6ce-4a49-b3b4-676ec2df8bf7\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022\\u0645\\u0647\\u0627\\u062c\\u0631\\u062a \\u0628\\u0647 \\u06a9\\u0627\\u0646\\u0627\\u062f\\u0627\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u062c\\u0627\\u0628\\u062c\\u0627\\u06cc\\u06cc \\u0627\\u0641\\u0631\\u0627\\u062f \\u06cc\\u06a9 \\u06a9\\u0634\\u0648\\u0631 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u06a9\\u0634\\u0648\\u0631 \\u062f\\u06cc\\u06af\\u0631 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0645\\u0646\\u0638\\u0648\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0633\\u06a9\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0645\\u062c\\u062f\\u062f \\u062f\\u0631 \\u062a\\u0627\\u0631\\u06cc\\u062e \\u06a9\\u0627\\u0646\\u0627\\u062f\\u0627 \\u0645\\u062d\\u0648\\u0631\\u06cc \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a. \\u062f\\u0627\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0645\\u0647\\u0627\\u062c\\u0631\\u062a \\u06a9\\u0627\\u0646\\u0627\\u062f\\u0627 \\u0645\\u0631\\u0628\\u0648\\u0637 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0631\\u0634\\u062f \\u0645\\u0646\\u0638\\u0645 \\u062c\\u0645\\u0639\\u06cc\\u062a \\u0646\\u06cc\\u0633\\u062a\\u061b \\u062f\\u0631 \\u0639\\u0648\\u0636\\u060c \\u062f\\u0631 \\u0645\\u0648\\u0631\\u062f \\r\\n \\u062a\\u0648\\u0633\\u0639\\u0647 \\u0627\\u0642\\u062a\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f\\u06cc \\u0648 \\u0647\\u0645\\u0686\\u0646\\u06cc\\u0646 \\u0646\\u06af\\u0631\\u0634 \\u0647\\u0627 \\u0648 \\u0627\\u0631\\u0632\\u0634 \\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u06a9\\u0627\\u0646\\u0627\\u062f\\u0627 \\u0628\\u0648\\u062f\\u0647 \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a \\u0648 \\u0647\\u0645\\u0686\\u0646\\u0627\\u0646 \\u06cc\\u06a9\\u06cc \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003E\\u0628\\u0627 \\u0648\\u062c\\u0648\\u062f \\u06a9\\u0645\\u06a9 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0627\\u06cc\\u062c\\u0627\\u062f \\u06cc\\u06a9 \\u062c\\u0627\\u0645\\u0639\\u0647 \\u0686\\u0646\\u062f \\u0641\\u0631\\u0647\\u0646\\u06af\\u06cc\\u060c \\u0627\\u063a\\u0644\\u0628 \\u0628\\u062f\\u0648\\u0646 \\u0634\\u0631\\u0645\\u0646\\u062f\\u06af\\u06cc \\u0627\\u0632 \\u0646\\u0638\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0642\\u062a\\u0635\\u0627\\u062f\\u06cc \\u0648 \\u0627\\u0632 \\u0646\\u0638\\u0631 \\u0642\\u0648\\u0645\\u06cc \\u06cc\\u0627 \\u0646\\u0698\\u0627\\u062f\\u06cc \\u062a\\u0628\\u0639\\u06cc\\u0636 \\u0622\\u0645\\u06cc\\u0632 \\u0628\\u0648\\u062f\\u0647 \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a (\\u0628\\u0647 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003E\\u0633\\u06cc\\u0627\\u0633\\u062a \\u0645\\u0647\\u0627\\u062c\\u0631\\u062a \\u062f\\u0631 \\u06a9\\u0627\\u0646\\u0627\\u062f\\u0627\\u061b \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003E\\u067e\\u0646\\u0627\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0647\\u0646\\u062f\\u06af\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u06a9\\u0627\\u0646\\u0627\\u062f \\u003Cem\\u003E\\u0627 \\u0645\\u0631\\u0627\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E \\u062c\\u0639\\u0647 \\u06a9\\u0646\\u06cc\\u062f\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E).\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0645\\u0647\\u0627\\u062c\\u0631\\u062a \\u0647\\u0645\\u0686\\u0646\\u06cc\\u0646 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u0633\\u0644\\u0628 \\r\\n \\u06a9\\u0631\\u062f\\u0646 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u0645\\u0631\\u062f\\u0645 \\u0628\\u0648\\u0645\\u06cc \\u0627\\u0632 \\u0633\\u0631\\u0632\\u0645\\u06cc\\u0646\\u200c\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc \\u0627\\u062c\\u062f\\u0627\\u062f\\u06cc\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u062e\\u0648\\u062f \\u06a9\\u0645\\u06a9 \\u06a9\\u0631\\u062f\\u0647\\u200c\\u0627\\u0633\\u062a.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E(\\u0627\\u06cc\\u0646 \\u0645\\u0642\\u0627\\u0644\\u0647 \\u0645\\u062a\\u0646 \\u06a9\\u0627\\u0645\\u0644 \\u062f\\u0631 \\u0645\\u0648\\u0631\\u062f \\u0645\\u0647\\u0627\\u062c\\u0631\\u062a \\u0628\\u0647 \\u06a9\\u0627\\u0646\\u0627\\u062f\\u0627 \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a. \\u0627\\u06af\\u0631 \\u0645\\u06cc \\u062e\\u0648\\u0627\\u0647\\u06cc\\u062f \\u062e\\u0644\\u0627\\u0635\\u0647 \\u0632\\u0628\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0633\\u0627\\u062f\\u0647 \\u0631\\u0627 \\u0628\\u062e\\u0648\\u0627\\u0646\\u06cc\\u062f\\u060c \\u0644\\u0637\\u0641\\u0627 \\u0628\\u0647 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003E\\u0645\\u0647\\u0627\\u062c\\u0631\\u062a \\u0628\\u0647 \\u06a9\\u0627\\u0646\\u0627\\u062f\\u0627 (\\u062e\\u0644\\u0627\\u0635\\u0647 \\u0632\\u0628\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0633\\u0627\\u062f\\u0647) \\u0645\\u0631\\u0627\\u062c\\u0639\\u0647 \\u06a9\\u0646\\u06cc\\u062f\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022mhfagrt\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fa\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-26T02:39:59.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-26T02:39:59.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022077900b6-1a6e-4aa6-ba3b-44d6cf0fb2e4\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Immigration au Canada\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ELe d\\u00e9placement d\\u2019individus d\\u2019un pays vers un autre dans le but de s\\u2019\\u00e9tablir ailleurs est au c\\u0153ur de l\\u2019histoire du Canada. L\\u2019histoire de l\\u2019immigration canadienne n\\u2019est pas celle d\\u2019une croissance d\\u00e9mographique ordonn\\u00e9e; elle a plut\\u00f4t \\u00e9t\\u00e9, et est toujours,\\r\\n\\t\\u00e0 propos du d\\u00e9veloppement \\u00e9conomique ainsi que des attitudes et valeurs canadiennes. Elle a souvent \\u00e9t\\u00e9 ouvertement \\u00e9conomiquement \\u00e9gocentrique ainsi que discriminatoire sur le plan ethnique et racial malgr\\u00e9 le fait qu\\u2019elle ait contribu\\u00e9 \\u00e0 cr\\u00e9er une\\r\\n\\tsoci\\u00e9t\\u00e9 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/multiculturalisme\\u0022\\u003Emulticulturelle\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E (\\u003Cem\\u003Evoir\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/politique-dimmigration-1\\u0022\\u003EPolitique d\\u0027immigration canadienne\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E; \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/refugies\\u0022\\u003ER\\u00e9fugi\\u00e9s au Canada\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E).\\r\\n\\tL\\u2019immigration a \\u00e9galement contribu\\u00e9 \\u00e0 d\\u00e9poss\\u00e9der les \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/peuples-autochtones\\u0022\\u003Epeuples\\r\\nautochtones\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E de leurs terres ancestrales.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E(Cet article est le texte int\\u00e9gral sur l\\u0027immigration au Canada. Si vous souhaitez lire un r\\u00e9sum\\u00e9 en langage simple, veuillez consulter \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/immigration-au-canada-resume-en-langage-simple\\u0022\\u003EImmigration au Canada (r\\u00e9sum\\u00e9 en langage simple)\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022immigration\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-04-23T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-08T14:50:24.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e15ca2c-783c-4bc4-b17c-75dc12d04eae\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022\\u05d4\\u05d2\\u05d9\\u05e8\\u05d4 \\u05dc\\u05e7\\u05e0\\u05d3\\u05d4\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u05ea\\u05e0\\u05d5\\u05e2\\u05ea\\u05dd \\u05e9\\u05dc \\u05d0\\u05e0\\u05e9\\u05d9\\u05dd \\u05de\\u05de\\u05d3\\u05d9\\u05e0\\u05d4 \\u05d0\\u05d7\\u05ea \\u05dc\\u05d0\\u05d7\\u05e8\\u05ea \\u05dc\\u05e6\\u05d5\\u05e8\\u05da \\u05d9\\u05d9\\u05e9\\u05d5\\u05d1 \\u05de\\u05d7\\u05d3\\u05e9 \\u05d4\\u05d9\\u05d0 \\u05de\\u05e8\\u05db\\u05d6\\u05d9\\u05ea \\u05d1\\u05d4\\u05d9\\u05e1\\u05d8\\u05d5\\u05e8\\u05d9\\u05d4 \\u05d4\\u05e7\\u05e0\\u05d3\\u05d9\\u05ea. \\u05e1\\u05d9\\u05e4\\u05d5\\u05e8 \\u05d4\\u05d4\\u05d2\\u05d9\\u05e8\\u05d4 \\u05d4\\u05e7\\u05e0\\u05d3\\u05d9\\u05ea \\u05d0\\u05d9\\u05e0\\u05d5 \\u05e1\\u05d9\\u05e4\\u05d5\\u05e8 \\u05e9\\u05dc \\u05d2\\u05d9\\u05d3\\u05d5\\u05dc \\u05d0\\u05d5\\u05db\\u05dc\\u05d5\\u05e1\\u05d9\\u05d4 \\u05de\\u05e1\\u05d5\\u05d3\\u05e8; \\u05d1\\u05de\\u05e7\\u05d5\\u05dd \\u05d6\\u05d0\\u05ea, \\u05d4\\u05d5\\u05d0 \\u05e2\\u05e1\\u05e7 - \\u05d5\\u05e0\\u05e9\\u05d0\\u05e8 \\u05d0\\u05d7\\u05d3 - \\u05e2\\u05dc \\r\\n \\u05d4\\u05ea\\u05e4\\u05ea\\u05d7\\u05d5\\u05ea \\u05db\\u05dc\\u05db\\u05dc\\u05d9\\u05ea \\u05db\\u05de\\u05d5 \\u05d2\\u05dd \\u05e2\\u05dc \\u05e2\\u05de\\u05d3\\u05d5\\u05ea \\u05d5\\u05e2\\u05e8\\u05db\\u05d9\\u05dd \\u05e7\\u05e0\\u05d3\\u05d9\\u05d9\\u05dd. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003E\\u05dc\\u05e2\\u05ea\\u05d9\\u05dd \\u05e7\\u05e8\\u05d5\\u05d1\\u05d5\\u05ea \\u05d4\\u05d5\\u05d0 \\u05e9\\u05d9\\u05e8\\u05ea \\u05d0\\u05ea \\u05e2\\u05e6\\u05de\\u05d5 \\u05dc\\u05dc\\u05d0 \\u05d1\\u05d5\\u05e9\\u05d4 \\u05de\\u05d1\\u05d7\\u05d9\\u05e0\\u05d4 \\u05db\\u05dc\\u05db\\u05dc\\u05d9\\u05ea \\u05d5\\u05de\\u05e4\\u05dc\\u05d4 \\u05d0\\u05ea\\u05e0\\u05d9\\u05ea \\u05d0\\u05d5 \\u05d2\\u05d6\\u05e2\\u05d9\\u05ea \\u05dc\\u05de\\u05e8\\u05d5\\u05ea \\u05e9\\u05ea\\u05e8\\u05de\\u05d4 \\u05dc\\u05d9\\u05e6\\u05d9\\u05e8\\u05ea \\u05d7\\u05d1\\u05e8\\u05d4 \\u05e8\\u05d1 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003E\\u05ea\\u05e8\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u05d1\\u05d5\\u05ea\\u05d9\\u05ea (\\u003Cem\\u003E\\u05e8\\u05d0\\u05d4\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003E\\u05de\\u05d3\\u05d9\\u05e0\\u05d9\\u05d5\\u05ea \\u05d4\\u05d2\\u05d9\\u05e8\\u05d4 \\u05d1\\u05e7\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u05e0\\u05d3\\u05d4; \\u05e4\\u05dc\\u05d9\\u05d8\\u05d9\\u05dd \\u05dc\\u05e7\\u05e0\\u05d3\\u05d4).\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u05d4\\u05d4\\u05d2\\u05d9\\u05e8\\u05d4 \\u05ea\\u05e8\\u05de\\u05d4 \\u05d2\\u05dd \\r\\n \\u05dc\\u05e0\\u05d9\\u05e9\\u05d5\\u05dc \\u05d4\\u05e2\\u05de\\u05d9\\u05dd \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u05d4\\u05d9\\u05dc\\u05d9\\u05d3\\u05d9\\u05dd \\u05de\\u05d0\\u05d3\\u05de\\u05d5\\u05ea\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u05d0\\u05d1\\u05d5\\u05ea\\u05d9\\u05d4\\u05dd.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E(\\u05de\\u05d0\\u05de\\u05e8 \\u05d6\\u05d4 \\u05d4\\u05d5\\u05d0 \\u05d4\\u05d8\\u05e7\\u05e1\\u05d8 \\u05d1\\u05d0\\u05d5\\u05e8\\u05da \\u05de\\u05dc\\u05d0 \\u05e2\\u05dc \\u05d4\\u05d2\\u05d9\\u05e8\\u05d4 \\u05dc\\u05e7\\u05e0\\u05d3\\u05d4. \\u05d0\\u05dd \\u05d1\\u05e8\\u05e6\\u05d5\\u05e0\\u05da \\u05dc\\u05e7\\u05e8\\u05d5\\u05d0 \\u05e1\\u05d9\\u05db\\u05d5\\u05dd \\u05d1\\u05e9\\u05e4\\u05d4 \\u05e4\\u05e9\\u05d5\\u05d8\\u05d4, \\u05d0\\u05e0\\u05d0 \\u05e8\\u05d0\\u05d4 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003E\\u05d4\\u05d2\\u05d9\\u05e8\\u05d4 \\u05dc\\u05e7\\u05e0\\u05d3\\u05d4 (\\u05e1\\u05d9\\u05db\\u05d5\\u05dd \\u05d1\\u05e9\\u05e4\\u05d4 \\u05e4\\u05e9\\u05d5\\u05d8\\u05d4).\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022he\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-29T15:23:54.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-29T15:23:54.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229dbd7034-5f89-4644-8b13-103bc8516de0\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Immigration to Canada [Immigrazione in Canada]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EIl trasferimento di individui di un paese in un altro ai fini del reinsediamento \\u00e8 fondamentale nella storia canadese. La storia dell\\u0026#39;immigrazione canadese non \\u00e8 una storia di crescita ordinata della popolazione; ha invece riguardato, e rimane tale, \\r\\n lo sviluppo economico nonch\\u00e9 gli atteggiamenti e i valori canadesi. \\u003Cem\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003ESpesso \\u00e8 stata spudoratamente egoista dal punto di vista economico e discriminatoria dal punto di vista etnico o razziale, nonostante abbia contribuito a creare una societ\\u00e0 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003Emulticulturale\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E (vedi Immigration Policy in Canada; Refugees to Canada).\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003EL\\u0026#39;immigrazione ha anche contribuito all\\u0026#39;espropriazione delle popolazioni indigene delle loro terre ancestrali. \\r\\n\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022mmitgrazitone\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022it\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:5,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-16T17:19:28.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-16T17:19:28.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229dae7d61-965e-490c-84b0-b1845606ef0c\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Immigration to Canada [\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u3078\\u306e\\u79fb\\u6c11]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u518d\\u5b9a\\u4f4f\\u3092\\u76ee\\u7684\\u3068\\u3057\\u3066\\u3042\\u308b\\u56fd\\u306e\\u500b\\u4eba\\u3092\\u5225\\u306e\\u56fd\\u306b\\u79fb\\u52d5\\u3055\\u305b\\u308b\\u3053\\u3068\\u306f\\u3001\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u306e\\u6b74\\u53f2\\u306e\\u4e2d\\u5fc3\\u3067\\u3059\\u3002\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u306e\\u8a71\\u306f\\u3001\\u79e9\\u5e8f\\u3042\\u308b\\u4eba\\u53e3\\u5897\\u52a0\\u306e\\u8a71\\u3067\\u306f\\u3042\\u308a\\u307e\\u305b\\u3093\\u3002\\u3080\\u3057\\u308d\\u3001\\r\\n\\u7d4c\\u6e08\\u767a\\u5c55\\u3068\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u306e\\u614b\\u5ea6\\u3084\\u4fa1\\u5024\\u89b3\\u306b\\u95a2\\u3059\\u308b\\u8a71\\u3067\\u3042\\u308a\\u3001\\u4eca\\u3082\\u5909\\u308f\\u308a\\u307e\\u305b\\u3093\\u3002\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003E\\u003Cem\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003E\\u591a\\u6587\\u5316\\u793e\\u4f1a\\u306e\\u69cb\\u7bc9\\u306b\\u8ca2\\u732e\\u3057\\u3066\\u3044\\u308b\\u306b\\u3082\\u304b\\u304b\\u308f\\u3089\\u305a\\u3001\\u7d4c\\u6e08\\u7684\\u306b\\u306f\\u5229\\u5df1\\u7684\\u3067\\u3042\\u308a\\u3001\\u6c11\\u65cf\\u7684\\u30fb\\u4eba\\u7a2e\\u7684\\u306b\\u5dee\\u5225\\u7684\\u3067\\u3042\\u308b\\u3053\\u3068\\u304c\\u591a\\u3044\\uff08\\u300c\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u306e\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u653f\\u7b56\\u300d\\u3001\\u300c\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u3078\\u306e\\u96e3\\u6c11\\u300d\\u3092\\u53c2\\u7167\\uff09\\u3002\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u306f\\u307e\\u305f\\u3001\\u5148\\u4f4f\\u6c11\\u65cf\\u304b\\u3089\\u5148\\u7956\\u4ee3\\u3005\\u306e\\u571f\\u5730\\u3092\\u6ca1\\u53ce\\u3059\\u308b\\u4e00\\u56e0\\u306b\\u3082\\u306a\\u3063\\u3066\\u3044\\u308b\\u3002\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ja\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:10,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-09T06:58:54.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-09T06:58:54.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229dfc0d57-d1e8-4ad3-a9b4-e989a58d2c29\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022\\uce90\\ub098\\ub2e4 \\uc774\\ubbfc\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\uc7ac\\uc815\\ucc29\\uc744 \\ubaa9\\uc801\\uc73c\\ub85c \\ud55c \\uad6d\\uac00\\uc758 \\uac1c\\uc778\\uc774 \\ub2e4\\ub978 \\uad6d\\uac00\\ub85c \\uc774\\uc8fc\\ud558\\ub294 \\uac83\\uc740 \\uce90\\ub098\\ub2e4 \\uc5ed\\uc0ac\\uc758 \\ud575\\uc2ec\\uc785\\ub2c8\\ub2e4.\\uce90\\ub098\\ub2e4 \\uc774\\ubbfc\\uc5d0 \\uad00\\ud55c \\uc774\\uc57c\\uae30\\ub294 \\uc9c8\\uc11c \\uc788\\ub294 \\uc778\\uad6c \\uc99d\\uac00\\uc5d0 \\uad00\\ud55c \\uc774\\uc57c\\uae30\\uac00 \\uc544\\ub2c8\\ub77c \\uacbd\\uc81c \\r\\n \\ubc1c\\uc804\\uacfc \\uce90\\ub098\\ub2e4\\uc758 \\ud0dc\\ub3c4 \\ubc0f \\uac00\\uce58\\uc5d0 \\uad00\\ud55c \\uc774\\uc57c\\uae30\\uc600\\uc73c\\uba70 \\uc9c0\\uae08\\ub3c4 \\ub9c8\\ucc2c\\uac00\\uc9c0\\uc785\\ub2c8\\ub2e4.\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003E\\ub2e4\\ubb38\\ud654\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u003Cem\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003E\\uc0ac\\ud68c\\ub97c \\ub9cc\\ub4dc\\ub294 \\ub370 \\uae30\\uc5ec\\ud588\\uc74c\\uc5d0\\ub3c4 \\ubd88\\uad6c\\ud558\\uace0 \\uacbd\\uc81c\\uc801\\uc73c\\ub85c \\uc774\\uae30\\uc801\\uc774\\uace0 \\uc778\\uc885\\uc801\\uc73c\\ub85c \\ucc28\\ubcc4\\uc801\\uc778 \\uacbd\\uc6b0\\uac00 \\ub9ce\\uc558\\uc2b5\\ub2c8\\ub2e4 (\\uce90\\ub098\\ub2e4 \\uc774\\ubbfc \\uc815\\ucc45, \\uce90\\ub098\\ub2e4 \\ub09c\\ubbfc \\ucc38\\uc870).\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\uc774\\ubbfc\\uc740 \\uc6d0\\uc8fc\\ubbfc\\uc774 \\uc870\\uc0c1\\uc758 \\ub545\\uc5d0\\uc11c \\ucad3\\uaca8\\ub098\\ub294 \\ub370\\uc5d0\\ub3c4 \\uae30\\uc5ec\\ud588\\uc2b5\\ub2c8\\ub2e4. \\r\\n\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E(\\uc774 \\uae30\\uc0ac\\ub294 \\uce90\\ub098\\ub2e4 \\uc774\\ubbfc\\uc5d0 \\uad00\\ud55c \\uc804\\ubb38\\uc785\\ub2c8\\ub2e4.\\uc77c\\ubc18 \\uc5b8\\uc5b4 \\uc694\\uc57d\\uc744 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003E\\uc77d\\uc73c\\ub824\\uba74 \\uce90\\ub098\\ub2e4 \\uc774\\ubbfc (\\uc77c\\ubc18 \\uc5b8\\uc5b4 \\uc694\\uc57d) \\uc744 \\ucc38\\uc870\\ud558\\uc2ed\\uc2dc\\uc624.)\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ko\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:11,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-16T20:20:11.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-16T20:20:11.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229df7f0e2-7cf1-46bc-9035-c27ffae7c9b9\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Immigratie naar Canada\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EDe verplaatsing van individuen van het ene land naar het andere met het oog op hervestiging staat centraal in de Canadese geschiedenis. Het verhaal van de Canadese immigratie gaat niet over een geordende bevolkingsgroei; het ging \\u2014 en blijft \\u2014 over economische \\r\\n ontwikkeling en Canadese opvattingen en waarden. \\u003Cem\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003EHet is vaak onbeschaamd economisch ego\\u00efstisch en etnisch of raciaal discriminerend geweest, ondanks het feit dat het heeft bijgedragen aan de totstandkoming van een \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003Emulticulturele\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E samenleving (zie Immigratiebeleid in Canada; Vluchtelingen naar Canada).\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E Immigratie heeft ook bijgedragen \\r\\n aan de onteigening van \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003Einheemse volkeren\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E van hun voorouderlijk land.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E(Dit artikel is de volledige tekst over immigratie naar Canada. Als u een samenvatting in eenvoudige taal wilt lezen, zie dan \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003EImmigratie naar Canada (samenvatting in eenvoudige taal)\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022immigratie\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022nl\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-14T19:17:18.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-14T19:17:18.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229de9d122-587d-4e8e-a602-140cea1c8d92\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Immigration to Canada [\\u0a15\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a3e \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a \\u0a07\\u0a2e\\u0a40\\u0a17\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a47\\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a28]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u0a2a\\u0a41\\u0a28\\u0a30-\\u0a35\\u0a38\\u0a24\\u0a40 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a09\\u0a26\\u0a47\\u0a38\\u0a3c \\u0a32\\u0a08 \\u0a07\\u0a71\\u0a15 \\u0a26\\u0a47\\u0a38\\u0a3c \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a05\\u0a15\\u0a24\\u0a40\\u0a06\\u0a02 \\u0a26\\u0a40 \\u0a26\\u0a42\\u0a1c\\u0a47 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a \\u0a06\\u0a35\\u0a3e\\u0a1c\\u0a3e\\u0a08 \\u0a15\\u0a48\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a40\\u0a05\\u0a28 \\u0a07\\u0a24\\u0a3f\\u0a39\\u0a3e\\u0a38 \\u0a26\\u0a3e \\u0a15\\u0a47\\u0a02\\u0a26\\u0a30\\u0a40 \\u0a39\\u0a48. \\u0a15\\u0a48\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a40\\u0a05\\u0a28 \\u0a07\\u0a2e\\u0a40\\u0a17\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a47\\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a28 \\u0a26\\u0a40 \\u0a15\\u0a39\\u0a3e\\u0a23\\u0a40 \\u0a15\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a2e\\u0a2c\\u0a71\\u0a27 \\u0a06\\u0a2c\\u0a3e\\u0a26\\u0a40 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a35\\u0a3e\\u0a27\\u0a47 \\u0a26\\u0a40 \\u0a28\\u0a39\\u0a40\\u0a02 \\u0a39\\u0a48; \\u0a07\\u0a38 \\u0a26\\u0a40 \\u0a2c\\u0a1c\\u0a3e\\u0a0f, \\u0a07\\u0a39 \\u0a06\\u0a30\\u0a25\\u0a3f\\u0a15 \\r\\n \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a15\\u0a3e\\u0a38 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a28\\u0a3e\\u0a32-\\u0a28\\u0a3e\\u0a32 \\u0a15\\u0a48\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a40\\u0a05\\u0a28 \\u0a30\\u0a35\\u0a71\\u0a08\\u0a0f \\u0a05\\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a15\\u0a26\\u0a30\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a15\\u0a40\\u0a2e\\u0a24\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a2c\\u0a3e\\u0a30\\u0a47 \\u0a39\\u0a48 - \\u0a05\\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a07\\u0a71\\u0a15 \\u0a30\\u0a39\\u0a3f\\u0a70\\u0a26\\u0a40 \\u0a39\\u0a48. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003E\\u0a07\\u0a71\\u0a15 \\u0a2c\\u0a39\\u0a41\\u0a38\\u0a2d\\u0a3f\\u0a06\\u0a1a\\u0a3e\\u0a30\\u0a15 \\u0a38\\u0a2e\\u0a3e\\u0a1c \\u0a2c\\u0a23\\u0a3e\\u0a09\\u0a23 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a \\u0a2f\\u0a4b\\u0a17\\u0a26\\u0a3e\\u0a28 \\u0a2a\\u0a3e\\u0a09\\u0a23 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a2c\\u0a3e\\u0a35\\u0a1c\\u0a42\\u0a26 \\u0a07\\u0a39 \\u0a05\\u0a15\\u0a38\\u0a30 \\u0a2c\\u0a47\\u0a1a\\u0a48\\u0a28 \\u0a06\\u0a30\\u0a25\\u0a3f\\u0a15 \\u0a24\\u0a4c\\u0a30 \\u0026#39;\\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a38\\u0a35\\u0a48-\\u0a38\\u0a47\\u0a35\\u0a3e \\u0a05\\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a28\\u0a38\\u0a32\\u0a40 \\u0a1c\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a28\\u0a38\\u0a32\\u0a40 \\u0a24\\u0a4c\\u0a30 \\u0026#39;\\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a24\\u0a15\\u0a30\\u0a47 \\u0a35\\u0a3e\\u0a32\\u0a3e \\u0a30\\u0a3f\\u0a39\\u0a3e \\u0a39\\u0a48 (\\u0a15\\u0a48\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a3e \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a \\u0a07\\u0a2e\\u0a40\\u0a17 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003E\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a47\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a28 \\u0a28\\u0a40\\u0a24\\u0a40 \\u003Cem\\u003E\\u0a35\\u0a47\\u0a16\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E \\u0a4b; \\u0a15\\u0a48\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a3e \\u0a32\\u0a08 \\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a30\\u0a28\\u0a3e\\u0a30 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003E\\u0a25\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0a40).\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0a07\\u0a2e\\u0a40\\u0a17\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a47\\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a28 \\u0a28\\u0a47 \\u0a09\\u0a28\\u0a4d\\u0a39\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a26\\u0a40\\u0a06\\u0a02 \\u0a1c\\u0a71\\u0a26\\u0a40 \\u0a1c\\u0a3c \\r\\n \\u0a2e\\u0a40\\u0a28\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a38\\u0a35\\u0a26\\u0a47\\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a40 \\u0a32\\u0a4b\\u0a15\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a28\\u0a42\\u0a70 \\u0a28\\u0a3f \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u0a2a\\u0a1f\\u0a3e\\u0a30\\u0a3e \\u0a15\\u0a30\\u0a28 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0a35\\u0a40 \\u0a2f\\u0a4b\\u0a17\\u0a26\\u0a3e\\u0a28 \\u0a2a\\u0a3e\\u0a07\\u0a06 \\u0a39\\u0a48.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\u003Cp\\u003E(\\u0a07\\u0a39 \\u0a32\\u0a47\\u0a16 \\u0a15\\u0a48\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a3e \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a \\u0a07\\u0a2e\\u0a40\\u0a17\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a47\\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a28 \\u0a2c\\u0a3e\\u0a30\\u0a47 \\u0a2a\\u0a42\\u0a30\\u0a40 \\u0a32\\u0a70\\u0a2c\\u0a3e\\u0a08 \\u0a35\\u0a3e\\u0a32\\u0a3e \\u0a2a\\u0a3e\\u0a20 \\u0a39\\u0a48. \\u0a1c\\u0a47 \\u0a24\\u0a41\\u0a38\\u0a40\\u0a02 \\u0a38\\u0a3e\\u0a27\\u0a3e\\u0a30-\\u0a2d\\u0a3e\\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a3e \\u0a26\\u0a3e \\u0a38\\u0a70\\u0a16\\u0a47\\u0a2a \\u0a2a\\u0a5c\\u0a4d\\u0a39\\u0a28\\u0a3e \\u0a1a\\u0a3e\\u0a39\\u0a41\\u0a70\\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a39\\u0a4b, \\u0a24\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a15\\u0a3f\\u0a30\\u0a2a\\u0a3e \\u0a15\\u0a30\\u0a15\\u0a47 \\u0a15\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a3e \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a \\u0a07\\u0a2e\\u0a40\\u0a17\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a47 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003E\\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a28 (\\u0a38\\u0a3e\\u0a27\\u0a3e\\u0a30\\u0a28-\\u0a2d\\u0a3e\\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a3e \\u0a38\\u0a70\\u0a16\\u0a47\\u0a2a)\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0a35\\u0a47\\u0a16\\u0a4b.)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022pa\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-07T18:46:56.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-07T18:46:56.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e41edac-2bb1-4209-9e92-0600c64ecd0d\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Imigracja do Kanady\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EPrzemieszczanie si\\u0119 os\\u00f3b z jednego kraju do drugiego w celu przesiedlenia ma kluczowe znaczenie w historii Kanady. Historia imigracji w Kanadzie nie dotyczy uporz\\u0105dkowanego wzrostu populacji; zamiast tego dotyczy\\u0142a - i pozostaje jednym - \\r\\n rozwojem gospodarczym, a tak\\u017ce kanadyjskimi postawami i warto\\u015bciami. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003ECz\\u0119sto by\\u0142 bezwstydnie samowystarczalny ekonomicznie i dyskryminuj\\u0105cy etnicznie lub rasowo, mimo \\u017ce przyczyni\\u0142 si\\u0119 do tworzenia \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003Ewielokulturo\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E wego spo\\u0142ecze\\u0144stwa (\\u003Cem\\u003Epatr\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E z \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003EPolityka imigracyjna w\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Kanadzie; Uchod\\u017acy do Kanady).\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Imigracja przyczyni\\u0142a si\\u0119 r\\u00f3wnie\\u017c \\r\\n do pozbycia \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003Erdzennych lud\\u00f3w z\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E ich ziem przodk\\u00f3w.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E(Ten artyku\\u0142 jest pe\\u0142nometra\\u017cowym tekstem dotycz\\u0105cym imigracji do Kanady. Je\\u015bli chcesz przeczyta\\u0107 podsumowanie w prostym j\\u0119zyku, zobacz \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003EImigracja do Kanady (Podsumowanie zwyk\\u0142ego j\\u0119zyka)\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022imigracji\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022pl\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-20T13:59:35.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-20T13:59:35.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e2fd9a3-98e9-4e39-93c6-43441584182d\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022\\u0b95\\u0ba9\\u0b9f\\u0bbe\\u0bb5\\u0bc1\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bc1 \\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0bb5\\u0bb0\\u0bb5\\u0bc1\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u0bae\\u0bc0\\u0ba3\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0baf\\u0bc7\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0b9a\\u0bc6\\u0baf\\u0bcd\\u0baf\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0ba8\\u0bcb\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0ba4\\u0bcd\\u0ba4\\u0bbf\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bbe\\u0b95 \\u0b92\\u0bb0\\u0bc1 \\u0ba8\\u0bbe\\u0b9f\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0ba9\\u0bcd \\u0ba4\\u0ba9\\u0bbf\\u0ba8\\u0baa\\u0bb0\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bb3\\u0bc8 \\u0bae\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bca\\u0bb0\\u0bc1 \\u0ba8\\u0bbe\\u0b9f\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bc1 \\u0b87\\u0baf\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0bb5\\u0ba4\\u0bc1 \\u0b95\\u0ba9\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0baf \\u0bb5\\u0bb0\\u0bb2\\u0bbe\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bbf\\u0bb2\\u0bcd \\u0bae\\u0bc8\\u0baf\\u0bae\\u0bbe\\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd. \\u0b95\\u0ba9\\u0bc7\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0baf \\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0baf\\u0bc7\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0ba4\\u0bcd\\u0ba4\\u0bbf\\u0ba9\\u0bcd \\u0b95\\u0ba4\\u0bc8 \\u0b92\\u0bb4\\u0bc1\\u0b99\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bbe\\u0ba9 \\u0bae\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bb3\\u0bcd \\u0ba4\\u0bca\\u0b95\\u0bc8 \\u0bb5\\u0bb3\\u0bb0\\u0bcd\\u0b9a\\u0bcd\\u0b9a\\u0bbf\\u0baf\\u0bbf\\u0ba9\\u0bcd \\u0b92\\u0ba9\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bb2\\u0bcd\\u0bb2; \\u0b85\\u0ba4\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bc1 \\u0baa\\u0ba4\\u0bbf\\u0bb2\\u0bbe\\u0b95, \\u0b87\\u0ba4\\u0bc1 \\u0baa\\u0bca\\u0bb0\\u0bc1\\u0bb3\\u0bbe\\u0ba4\\u0bbe\\u0bb0 \\u0bb5\\u0bb3 \\r\\n \\u0bb0\\u0bcd\\u0b9a\\u0bcd\\u0b9a\\u0bbf \\u0bae\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0b95\\u0ba9\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0baf \\u0b85\\u0ba3\\u0bc1\\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bc1\\u0bb1\\u0bc8\\u0b95\\u0bb3\\u0bcd \\u0bae\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0bae\\u0ba4\\u0bbf\\u0baa\\u0bcd\\u0baa\\u0bc1\\u0b95\\u0bb3\\u0bcd \\u0baa\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bbf\\u0baf\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0b92\\u0ba9\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bbe\\u0b95 \\u0b89\\u0bb3\\u0bcd\\u0bb3\\u0ba4\\u0bc1 - \\u0bae\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0b92\\u0ba9\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bbe\\u0b95 \\u0b89\\u0bb3\\u0bcd\\u0bb3\\u0ba4\\u0bc1. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003E\\u0baa\\u0ba9\\u0bcd\\u0bae\\u0bc1\\u0b95 \\u0b95\\u0bb2\\u0bbe\\u0b9a\\u0bcd\\u0b9a\\u0bbe\\u0bb0 \\u0b9a\\u0bae\\u0bc2\\u0b95\\u0ba4\\u0bcd\\u0ba4\\u0bc8 \\u0b89\\u0bb0\\u0bc1\\u0bb5\\u0bbe\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0bb5\\u0ba4\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bc1 \\u0baa\\u0b99\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bb3\\u0bbf\\u0ba4\\u0bcd\\u0ba4\\u0bbe\\u0bb2\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0b87\\u0ba4\\u0bc1 \\u0baa\\u0bc6\\u0bb0\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd\\u0baa\\u0bbe\\u0bb2\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0baa\\u0bca\\u0bb0\\u0bc1\\u0bb3\\u0bbe\\u0ba4\\u0bbe\\u0bb0 \\u0bb0\\u0bc0\\u0ba4\\u0bbf\\u0baf\\u0bbe\\u0b95 \\u0b9a\\u0bc1\\u0baf-\\u0b9a\\u0bc7\\u0bb5\\u0bc8 \\u0bae\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0b87\\u0ba9 \\u0bb0\\u0bc0\\u0ba4\\u0bbf\\u0baf\\u0bbe\\u0b95 \\u0b85\\u0bb2\\u0bcd\\u0bb2\\u0ba4\\u0bc1 \\u0b87\\u0ba9\\u0bb0\\u0bc0\\u0ba4\\u0bbf\\u0baf\\u0bbe\\u0b95 \\u0baa\\u0bbe\\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0baa\\u0bbe\\u0b9f\\u0bc1\\u0b95\\u0bb3\\u0bbe\\u0b95 \\u0b87\\u0bb0\\u0bc1\\u0ba8\\u0bcd\\u0ba4\\u0ba4\\u0bc1 (\\u0b95\\u0ba9\\u0b9f\\u0bbe\\u0bb5\\u0bbf\\u0bb2\\u0bcd \\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0baf\\u0bc7\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0b95\\u0bcd \\u0b95\\u0bca\\u0bb3 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003E\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bc8\\u0baf\\u0bc8\\u0baa\\u0bcd \\u003Cem\\u003E\\u0baa\\u0bbe\\u0bb0\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E \\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0bb5\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0baf\\u0bc7\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0baa\\u0bb4\\u0b99\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0b9f\\u0bbf \\u0bae\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95 \\r\\n \\u0bb3\\u0bc8 \\u0ba4\\u0b99\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bb3\\u0bcd \\u0bae\\u0bc2\\u0ba4\\u0bbe\\u0ba4\\u0bc8\\u0baf\\u0bb0\\u0bcd \\u0ba8\\u0bbf\\u0bb2\\u0b99\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bb3\\u0bc8 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u0b85\\u0baa\\u0bcd\\u0baa\\u0bc1\\u0bb1\\u0baa\\u0bcd\\u0baa\\u0b9f\\u0bc1\\u0ba4\\u0bcd\\u0ba4\\u0bc1\\u0bb5\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0ba4\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0baa\\u0b99\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bb3\\u0bbf\\u0ba4\\u0bcd\\u0ba4\\u0bc1\\u0bb3\\u0bcd\\u0bb3\\u0ba4\\u0bc1.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E(\\u0b87\\u0ba8\\u0bcd\\u0ba4 \\u0b95\\u0b9f\\u0bcd\\u0b9f\\u0bc1\\u0bb0\\u0bc8 \\u0b95\\u0ba9\\u0b9f\\u0bbe\\u0bb5\\u0bc1\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bc1 \\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0baf\\u0bc7\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bae\\u0bcd \\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0bb1\\u0bbf\\u0ba4\\u0bcd\\u0ba4 \\u0bae\\u0bc1\\u0bb4\\u0bc1 \\u0ba8\\u0bc0\\u0bb3 \\u0b89\\u0bb0\\u0bc8\\u0baf\\u0bbe\\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd. \\u0ba8\\u0bc0\\u0b99\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bb3\\u0bcd \\u0b92\\u0bb0\\u0bc1 \\u0bb5\\u0bc6\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bc1 \\u0bae\\u0bca\\u0bb4\\u0bbf \\u0b9a\\u0bc1\\u0bb0\\u0bc1\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0ba4\\u0bcd\\u0ba4\\u0bc8\\u0baa\\u0bcd \\u0baa\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95 \\u0bb5\\u0bbf\\u0bb0\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd\\u0baa\\u0bbf\\u0ba9\\u0bbe\\u0bb2\\u0bcd, \\u0ba4\\u0baf\\u0bb5\\u0bc1\\u0b9a\\u0bc6\\u0baf\\u0bcd\\u0ba4\\u0bc1 \\u0b95\\u0ba9\\u0b9f\\u0bbe\\u0bb5\\u0bc1\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bc1 \\u0b95\\u0bc1\\u0b9f\\u0bbf\\u0bb5\\u0bb0\\u0bb5\\u0bc1 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003E(\\u0bb5\\u0bc6\\u0bb1\\u0bcd\\u0bb1\\u0bc1 \\u0bae\\u0bca\\u0bb4\\u0bbf \\u0b9a\\u0bc1\\u0bb0\\u0bc1\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bae\\u0bcd) \\u0b90\\u0baa\\u0bcd \\u0baa\\u0bbe\\u0bb0\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bcd\\u0b95\\u0bb5\\u0bc1\\u0bae\\u0bcd\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ta\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-11T14:18:40.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-11T14:18:40.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229de86655-1bd4-45ed-92b5-533ce256e7a2\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022\\u0c15\\u0c46\\u0c28\\u0c21\\u0c3e\\u0c15\\u0c41 \\u0c35\\u0c32\\u0c38\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u0c2a\\u0c41\\u0c28\\u0c30\\u0c3e\\u0c35\\u0c3e\\u0c38\\u0c02 \\u0c15\\u0c4b\\u0c38\\u0c02 \\u0c12\\u0c15 \\u0c26\\u0c47\\u0c36\\u0c02 \\u0c2f\\u0c4a\\u0c15\\u0c4d\\u0c15 \\u0c35\\u0c4d\\u0c2f\\u0c15\\u0c4d\\u0c24\\u0c41\\u0c32 \\u0c2e\\u0c30\\u0c4a\\u0c15 \\u0c26\\u0c47\\u0c36\\u0c02\\u0c32\\u0c4b\\u0c15\\u0c3f \\u0c09\\u0c26\\u0c4d\\u0c2f\\u0c2e\\u0c02 \\u0c15\\u0c46\\u0c28\\u0c21\\u0c3f\\u0c2f\\u0c28\\u0c4d \\u0c1a\\u0c30\\u0c3f\\u0c24\\u0c4d\\u0c30\\u0c15\\u0c41 \\u0c15\\u0c47\\u0c02\\u0c26\\u0c4d\\u0c30\\u0c02\\u0c17\\u0c3e \\u0c09\\u0c02\\u0c26\\u0c3f. \\u0c15\\u0c46\\u0c28\\u0c21\\u0c3f\\u0c2f\\u0c28\\u0c4d \\u0c07\\u0c2e\\u0c4d\\u0c2e\\u0c3f\\u0c17\\u0c4d\\u0c30\\u0c47\\u0c37\\u0c28\\u0c4d \\u0c15\\u0c25 \\u0c15\\u0c4d\\u0c30\\u0c2e\\u0c2c\\u0c26\\u0c4d\\u0c27\\u0c2e\\u0c48\\u0c28 \\u0c1c\\u0c28\\u0c3e\\u0c2d\\u0c3e \\u0c2a\\u0c46\\u0c30\\u0c41\\u0c17\\u0c41\\u0c26\\u0c32\\u0c32\\u0c4b \\u0c12\\u0c15\\u0c1f\\u0c3f \\u0c15\\u0c3e\\u0c26\\u0c41; \\u0c2c\\u0c26\\u0c41\\u0c32\\u0c41\\u0c17\\u0c3e, \\u0c07\\u0c26\\u0c3f \\u0c09\\u0c02\\u0c26\\u0c3f - \\u0c2e\\u0c30\\u0c3f\\u0c2f\\u0c41 \\u0c12\\u0c15\\u0c1f\\u0c3f\\u0c17\\u0c3e \\u0c09\\u0c02\\u0c26\\u0c3f - \\u0c06\\u0c30\\u0c4d\\u0c25 \\r\\n \\u0c3f\\u0c15\\u0c3e\\u0c2d\\u0c3f\\u0c35\\u0c43\\u0c26\\u0c4d\\u0c27\\u0c3f \\u0c05\\u0c32\\u0c3e\\u0c17\\u0c47 \\u0c15\\u0c46\\u0c28\\u0c21\\u0c3f\\u0c2f\\u0c28\\u0c4d \\u0c35\\u0c48\\u0c16\\u0c30\\u0c41\\u0c32\\u0c41 \\u0c2e\\u0c30\\u0c3f\\u0c2f\\u0c41 \\u0c35\\u0c3f\\u0c32\\u0c41\\u0c35\\u0c32 \\u0c17\\u0c41\\u0c30\\u0c3f\\u0c02\\u0c1a\\u0c3f. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003E\\u0c2c\\u0c39\\u0c41\\u0c33 \\u0c38\\u0c3e\\u0c02\\u0c38\\u0c4d\\u0c15\\u0c43\\u0c24\\u0c3f\\u0c15 \\u0c38\\u0c2e\\u0c3e\\u0c1c\\u0c3e\\u0c28\\u0c4d\\u0c28\\u0c3f \\u0c38\\u0c43\\u0c37\\u0c4d\\u0c1f\\u0c3f\\u0c02\\u0c1a\\u0c21\\u0c3e\\u0c28\\u0c3f\\u0c15\\u0c3f \\u0c26\\u0c4b\\u0c39\\u0c26\\u0c02 \\u0c1a\\u0c47\\u0c38\\u0c3f\\u0c28\\u0c2a\\u0c4d\\u0c2a\\u0c1f\\u0c3f\\u0c15\\u0c40 \\u0c07\\u0c26\\u0c3f \\u0c24\\u0c30\\u0c1a\\u0c42 unashamedly \\u0c06\\u0c30\\u0c4d\\u0c25\\u0c3f\\u0c15\\u0c02\\u0c17\\u0c3e \\u0c38\\u0c4d\\u0c35\\u0c40\\u0c2f-\\u0c38\\u0c47\\u0c35 \\u0c2e\\u0c30\\u0c3f\\u0c2f\\u0c41 \\u0c1c\\u0c3e\\u0c24\\u0c3f\\u0c2a\\u0c30\\u0c02\\u0c17\\u0c3e \\u0c32\\u0c47\\u0c26\\u0c3e \\u0c1c\\u0c3e\\u0c24\\u0c3f\\u0c2a\\u0c30\\u0c02\\u0c17\\u0c3e \\u0c35\\u0c3f\\u0c35\\u0c15\\u0c4d\\u0c37\\u0c2a\\u0c42\\u0c30\\u0c3f\\u0c24\\u0c02\\u0c17\\u0c3e \\u0c09\\u0c02\\u0c26\\u0c3f (\\u0c15\\u0c46\\u0c28\\u0c21\\u0c3e\\u0c32\\u0c4b \\u0c07\\u0c2e\\u0c4d \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003E\\u0c2e\\u0c3f\\u0c17\\u0c4d\\u0c30\\u0c47\\u0c37\\u0c28\\u0c4d\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0c2a\\u0c3e\\u0c32\\u0c38\\u0c40 \\u003Cem\\u003E\\u0c1a\\u0c42\\u0c21\\u0c02\\u0c21\\u0c3f\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E; \\u0c15\\u0c46\\u0c28\\u0c21\\u0c3e\\u0c15\\u0c41 \\u0c36\\u0c30\\u0c23 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003E\\u0c3e\\u0c30\\u0c4d\\u0c25\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0c41\\u0c32\\u0c41).\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u0c38\\u0c4d\\u0c35\\u0c26\\u0c47\\u0c36\\u0c40 \\u0c2a\\u0c4d\\u0c30\\u0c1c\\u0c32\\u0c28\\u0c41 \\u0c35\\u0c3e\\u0c30\\u0c3f \\u0c2a\\u0c42\\u0c30\\u0c4d\\u0c35\\u0c40\\u0c15\\u0c41\\u0c32 \\r\\n \\u0c2d\\u0c42\\u0c2e\\u0c41\\u0c32\\u0c28\\u0c41 \\u0c2a\\u0c3e\\u0c30\\u0c35\\u0c47\\u0c2f\\u0c21\\u0c3e\\u0c28\\u0c3f\\u0c15\\u0c3f \\u0c15\\u0c42\\u0c21\\u0c3e \\u0c07\\u0c2e\\u0c4d\\u0c2e\\u0c3f\\u0c17\\u0c4d\\u0c30\\u0c47\\u0c37\\u0c28\\u0c4d\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0c26\\u0c4b\\u0c39\\u0c26\\u0c2a\\u0c21\\u0c3f\\u0c02\\u0c26\\u0c3f.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\u003Cp\\u003E(\\u0c08 \\u0c35\\u0c4d\\u0c2f\\u0c3e\\u0c38\\u0c02 \\u0c15\\u0c46\\u0c28\\u0c21\\u0c3e\\u0c15\\u0c41 \\u0c35\\u0c32\\u0c38\\u0c2a\\u0c48 \\u0c2a\\u0c42\\u0c30\\u0c4d\\u0c24\\u0c3f \\u0c28\\u0c3f\\u0c21\\u0c3f\\u0c35\\u0c3f \\u0c17\\u0c32 \\u0c35\\u0c1a\\u0c28\\u0c02. \\u0c2e\\u0c40\\u0c30\\u0c41 \\u0c38\\u0c3e\\u0c26\\u0c3e-\\u0c2d\\u0c3e\\u0c37\\u0c3e \\u0c38\\u0c3e\\u0c30\\u0c3e\\u0c02\\u0c36\\u0c3e\\u0c28\\u0c4d\\u0c28\\u0c3f \\u0c1a\\u0c26\\u0c35\\u0c3e\\u0c32\\u0c28\\u0c41\\u0c15\\u0c41\\u0c02\\u0c1f\\u0c47, \\u0c26\\u0c2f\\u0c1a\\u0c47\\u0c38\\u0c3f \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003E\\u0c15\\u0c46\\u0c28\\u0c21\\u0c3e\\u0c15\\u0c41 \\u0c07\\u0c2e\\u0c4d\\u0c2e\\u0c3f\\u0c17\\u0c4d\\u0c30\\u0c47\\u0c37\\u0c28\\u0c4d (\\u0c2a\\u0c4d\\u0c32\\u0c46\\u0c2f\\u0c3f\\u0c28\\u0c4d-\\u0c32\\u0c3e\\u0c02\\u0c17\\u0c4d\\u0c35\\u0c47\\u0c1c\\u0c4d \\u0c38\\u0c3e\\u0c30\\u0c3e\\u0c02\\u0c36\\u0c02)\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0c1a\\u0c42\\u0c21\\u0c02\\u0c21\\u0c3f.)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022te\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-07T01:52:28.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-07T01:52:28.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229db397a8-554b-47cf-a436-f9e0ab2d76dd\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Imigrasyon sa Canada\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EAng paggalaw ng mga indibidwal ng isang bansa patungo sa isa pa para sa layunin ng pag-reset ay sentro sa kasaysayan ng Canada. Ang kuwento ng imigrasyon sa Canada ay hindi isa sa maayos na paglago ng populasyon; sa halip, ito ay naging \\u2014 at nananatiling isa \\u2014 tungkol sa pag-un \\r\\n lad ng ekonomiya pati na rin ang mga saloobin at halaga ng Canada. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003EMadalas itong naging walang kahihirapan sa ekonomiya na paglilingkod sa sarili at diskriminasyon sa etniko o lahi sa kabila ng nag-aambag sa paglikha ng isang \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003Emultikultur\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E al na lipunan (tingnan sa Patakaran sa \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003EImigrasyon sa Canada\\u003Cem\\u003E;\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E Refugee to Canada\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E).\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Nag-ambag din ang imigrasyon sa pag \\r\\n tatapon ng mga katutub \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003Eong tao sa kanilang mga lu\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E pain ng ninuno.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022imigrasyon\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022tl\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:5,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-11T19:51:30.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-11T19:51:30.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229debc7ea-ecc8-4967-b40e-4431ee2135ab\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Kanada\\u0026#39;ya G\\u00f6\\u00e7\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EYeniden yerle\\u015fim amac\\u0131yla bir \\u00fclkenin bireylerinin di\\u011ferine ta\\u015f\\u0131nmas\\u0131 Kanada tarihinin merkezinde yer almaktad\\u0131r.. Kanada g\\u00f6\\u00e7\\u00fcn\\u00fcn hikayesi d\\u00fczenli n\\u00fcfus art\\u0131\\u015f\\u0131n\\u0131n hikayesi de\\u011fil; bunun yerine, ekonomik \\r\\n kalk\\u0131nman\\u0131n yan\\u0131 s\\u0131ra Kanada\\u0026#39;n\\u0131n tutum ve de\\u011ferleri hakk\\u0131ndayd\\u0131 ve \\u00f6yle olmaya devam ediyor. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003E\\u00c7ok \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003Ek\\u00fclt\\u00fcrl\\u00fc\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E bir toplum yaratmaya katk\\u0131da bulunmas\\u0131na ra\\u011fmen, genellikle ekonomik olarak utanmadan kendine hizmet eden ve etnik veya \\u0131rksal olarak ayr\\u0131mc\\u0131 olmu\\u015ftur (\\u003Cem\\u003Ebk\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E z. Kanad \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003Ea\\u0026#39;da G\\u00f6\\u00e7menlik Politi\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E kas\\u0131; Kanada\\u0026#39;ya M\\u00fclteciler).\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E G\\u00f6\\u00e7, Yer \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003Eli halk \\r\\n lar\\u0131n atalar\\u0131n\\u0131n topraklar\\u0131ndan m\\u00fclks\\u00fczle\\u015ftirilmesine\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E de katk\\u0131da bulundu.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E(Bu makale Kanada\\u0026#39;ya g\\u00f6\\u00e7menle ilgili tam uzunlukta metindir. Sade bir \\u00f6zet okumak istiyorsan\\u0131z, l\\u00fctfen \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003EKanada\\u0026#39;ya G\\u00f6\\u00e7menlik (D\\u00fcz Dil \\u00d6zeti) b\\u00f6l\\u00fcm\\u00fcne bak\\u0131n.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022goc\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022tr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:3,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-08T18:12:49.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-08T18:12:49.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229dfbdb34-fca4-44f5-96e7-b4e5f04aa2ac\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022\\u06a9\\u06cc\\u0646\\u06cc\\u0688\\u0627 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u06ba \\u0627\\u0645\\u06cc\\u06af\\u0631\\u06cc\\u0634\\u0646\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u0628\\u062d\\u0627\\u0644\\u06cc \\u06a9\\u06d2 \\u0645\\u0642\\u0635\\u062f \\u06a9\\u06d2 \\u0644\\u0626\\u06d2 \\u0627\\u06cc\\u06a9 \\u0645\\u0644\\u06a9 \\u06a9\\u06d2 \\u0627\\u0641\\u0631\\u0627\\u062f \\u06a9\\u06cc \\u062f\\u0648\\u0633\\u0631\\u06d2 \\u0645\\u0644\\u06a9 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u06ba \\u0646\\u0642\\u0644 \\u0648 \\u062d\\u0631\\u06a9\\u062a \\u06a9\\u06cc\\u0646\\u06cc\\u0688\\u0627 \\u06a9\\u06cc \\u062a\\u0627\\u0631\\u06cc\\u062e \\u06a9\\u0627 \\u0645\\u0631\\u06a9\\u0632\\u06cc \\u062d\\u06cc\\u062b\\u06cc\\u062a \\u0631\\u06a9\\u06be\\u062a\\u0627 \\u06c1\\u06d2\\u06d4 \\u06a9\\u06cc\\u0646\\u06cc\\u0688\\u0627 \\u06a9\\u06cc \\u0627\\u0645\\u06cc\\u06af\\u0631\\u06cc\\u0634\\u0646 \\u06a9\\u06cc \\u06a9\\u06c1\\u0627\\u0646\\u06cc \\u0645\\u0646\\u0638\\u0645 \\u0622\\u0628\\u0627\\u062f\\u06cc \\u0645\\u06cc\\u06ba \\u0627\\u0636\\u0627\\u0641\\u06d2 \\u06a9\\u06cc \\u0627\\u06cc\\u06a9 \\u0646\\u06c1\\u06cc\\u06ba \\u06c1\\u06d2\\u06d4 \\u0627\\u0633 \\u06a9\\u06d2 \\u0628\\u062c\\u0627\\u0626\\u06d2\\u060c \\u06cc\\u06c1 \\u0645\\u0639\\u0627\\u0634\\u06cc \\u062a\\u0631\\u0642\\u06cc \\u06a9\\u06d2 \\u0633\\u0627\\u062a\\u06be \\u0633\\u0627\\u062a\\u06be \\u06a9\\u06cc\\u0646\\u06cc\\u0688\\u0627 \\u06a9\\u06d2 \\u0631\\u0648\\u06cc\\u0648\\u06ba \\u0627\\u0648\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0642\\u062f\\u0627\\u0631 \\u06a9\\u06d2 \\u0628\\u0627\\u0631\\u06d2 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u06ba \\u0628\\u06be\\u06cc \\u0627\\u06cc\\u06a9 \\u0631\\u06c1\\u0627 \\u06c1\\u06d2\\u06d4 \\r\\n \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003E\\u06a9\\u062b\\u06cc\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062b\\u0642\\u0627\\u0641\\u062a\\u06cc \\u0645\\u0639\\u0627\\u0634\\u0631\\u06d2 \\u06a9\\u06cc \\u062a\\u0634\\u06a9\\u06cc\\u0644 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u06ba \\u062d\\u0635\\u06c1 \\u0688\\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u06d2 \\u06a9\\u06d2 \\u0628\\u0627\\u0648\\u062c\\u0648\\u062f \\u06cc\\u06c1 \\u0627\\u06a9\\u062b\\u0631 \\u0645\\u0639\\u0627\\u0634\\u06cc \\u0637\\u0648\\u0631 \\u067e\\u0631 \\u062e\\u0648\\u062f \\u06a9\\u06cc \\u062e\\u062f\\u0645\\u062a \\u0627\\u0648\\u0631 \\u0646\\u0633\\u0644\\u06cc \\u06cc\\u0627 \\u0646\\u0633\\u0644\\u06cc \\u0637\\u0648\\u0631 \\u067e\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0645\\u062a\\u06cc\\u0627\\u0632\\u06cc \\u0633\\u0644\\u0648\\u06a9 \\u0631\\u06c1\\u0627 \\u06c1\\u06d2 (\\u003Cem\\u003E\\u062f\\u06cc\\u06a9\\u06be\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E \\u06cc\\u06ba \\u06a9\\u06cc\\u0646\\u06cc \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003E\\u0688\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0627 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u06ba \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003E\\u0627\\u0645\\u06cc\\u06af\\u0631\\u06cc\\u0634\\u0646 \\u067e\\u0627\\u0644\\u06cc\\u0633\\u06cc\\u061b \\u06a9\\u06cc\\u0646\\u06cc\\u0688\\u0627 \\u06a9\\u06d2 \\u067e\\u0646\\u0627\\u06c1\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0627\\u0645\\u06cc\\u06af\\u0631\\u06cc\\u0634\\u0646 \\u0646\\u06d2 \\u062f\\u06cc\\u0633\\u06cc \\u0644\\u0648\\u06af\\u0648\\u06ba \\u06a9\\u0648 \\u0627\\u0646 \\r\\n \\u06a9\\u06d2 \\u0622\\u0628\\u0627\\u0626\\u06cc \\u0632\\u0645\\u06cc\\u0646\\u0648\\u06ba \\u06a9\\u0627 \\u062e\\u0627\\u062a \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u0645\\u06c1 \\u06a9\\u0631\\u0646\\u06d2 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u06ba \\u0628\\u06be\\u06cc\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0627\\u06c1\\u0645 \\u06a9\\u0631\\u062f\\u0627\\u0631 \\u0627\\u062f\\u0627 \\u06a9\\u06cc\\u0627 \\u06c1\\u06d2\\u06d4\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E(\\u06cc\\u06c1 \\u0645\\u0636\\u0645\\u0648\\u0646 \\u06a9\\u06cc\\u0646\\u06cc\\u0688\\u0627 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u06ba \\u0627\\u0645\\u06cc\\u06af\\u0631\\u06cc\\u0634\\u0646 \\u0633\\u06d2 \\u0645\\u062a\\u0639\\u0644\\u0642 \\u067e\\u0648\\u0631\\u06cc \\u0644\\u0645\\u0628\\u0627\\u0626\\u06cc \\u06a9\\u0627 \\u0645\\u062a\\u0646 \\u06c1\\u06d2\\u06d4 \\u0627\\u06af\\u0631 \\u0622\\u067e \\u0633\\u0627\\u062f\\u06c1 \\u0632\\u0628\\u0627\\u0646 \\u06a9\\u0627 \\u062e\\u0644\\u0627\\u0635\\u06c1 \\u067e\\u0691\\u06be\\u0646\\u0627 \\u0686\\u0627\\u06c1\\u062a\\u06d2 \\u06c1\\u06cc\\u06ba \\u062a\\u0648\\u060c \\u0628\\u0631\\u0627\\u06c1 \\u06a9\\u0631\\u0645 \\u06a9\\u06cc\\u0646\\u06cc\\u0688 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003E\\u0627 \\u0645\\u06cc\\u06ba \\u0627\\u0645\\u06cc\\u06af\\u0631\\u06cc\\u0634\\u0646 (\\u0633\\u0627\\u062f\\u06c1 \\u0632\\u0628\\u0627\\u0646 \\u06a9\\u0627 \\u062e\\u0644\\u0627\\u0635\\u06c1) \\u062f\\u06cc\\u06a9\\u06be\\u06cc\\u06ba\\u06d4\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E)\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022gurt\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ur\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-16T18:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-16T18:00:00.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229db32c58-add6-4c10-b076-57556b354752\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Immigration to Canada\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ES\\u1ef1 di chuy\\u1ec3n c\\u1ee7a c\\u00e1c c\\u00e1 nh\\u00e2n c\\u1ee7a m\\u1ed9t qu\\u1ed1c gia n\\u00e0y sang qu\\u1ed1c gia kh\\u00e1c v\\u1edbi m\\u1ee5c \\u0111\\u00edch t\\u00e1i \\u0111\\u1ecbnh c\\u01b0 l\\u00e0 trung t\\u00e2m c\\u1ee7a l\\u1ecbch s\\u1eed Canada. C\\u00e2u chuy\\u1ec7n v\\u1ec1 nh\\u1eadp c\\u01b0 Canada kh\\u00f4ng ph\\u1ea3i l\\u00e0 s\\u1ef1 gia t\\u0103ng d\\u00e2n s\\u1ed1 c\\u00f3 tr\\u1eadt t\\u1ef1; thay v\\u00e0o \\u0111\\u00f3, n\\u00f3 \\u0111\\u00e3 v\\u00e0 v\\u1eabn l\\u00e0 m\\u1ed9t c\\u00e2u chuy\\u1ec7n v\\u1ec1 s\\u1ef1 \\r\\n ph\\u00e1t tri\\u1ec3n kinh t\\u1ebf c\\u0169ng nh\\u01b0 th\\u00e1i \\u0111\\u1ed9 v\\u00e0 gi\\u00e1 tr\\u1ecb c\\u1ee7a Canada. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003EN\\u00f3 th\\u01b0\\u1eddng kh\\u00f4ng \\u0111\\u00e1ng x\\u1ea5u h\\u1ed5 v\\u1ec1 m\\u1eb7t kinh t\\u1ebf v\\u00e0 ph\\u00e2n bi\\u1ec7t \\u0111\\u1ed1i x\\u1eed v\\u1ec1 s\\u1eafc t\\u1ed9c ho\\u1eb7c ch\\u1ee7ng t\\u1ed9c m\\u1eb7c d\\u00f9 \\u0111\\u00e3 g\\u00f3p ph\\u1ea7n t\\u1ea1o ra m\\u1ed9t x\\u00e3 h\\u1ed9i \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003E\\u0111a v\\u0103n h\\u00f3a\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E (\\u003Cem\\u003Exem\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E Ch\\u00ednh \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003Es\\u00e1ch nh\\u1eadp c\\u01b0 \\u1edf\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Canada; Ng\\u01b0\\u1eddi t\\u1ecb n\\u1ea1n \\u0111\\u1ebfn Canada).\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Nh\\u1eadp c\\u01b0 c\\u0169ng \\u0111\\u00e3 \\r\\n g\\u00f3p ph\\u1ea7n t\\u01b0\\u1edbc \\u0111o\\u1ea1t c\\u00e1c d\\u00e2n \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003Et\\u1ed9c b\\u1ea3n \\u0111\\u1ecba kh\\u1ecfi v\\u00f9ng \\u0111\\u1ea5t\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E t\\u1ed5 ti\\u00ean c\\u1ee7a h\\u1ecd.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022nhapvicu\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022vi\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:8,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-11T14:51:27.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-11T14:51:27.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229db12732-acde-4ba0-8953-afe53125491c\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Immigration to Canada [\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u4e00\\u4e2a\\u56fd\\u5bb6\\u7684\\u4eba\\u4e3a\\u4e86\\u91cd\\u65b0\\u5b89\\u7f6e\\u800c\\u8fc1\\u79fb\\u5230\\u53e6\\u4e00\\u4e2a\\u56fd\\u5bb6\\u662f\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u5386\\u53f2\\u7684\\u6838\\u5fc3\\u3002\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u7684\\u6545\\u4e8b\\u4e0d\\u662f\\u4eba\\u53e3\\u6709\\u5e8f\\u589e\\u957f\\uff1b\\u76f8\\u53cd\\uff0c\\u5b83\\u4e00\\u76f4\\u662f\\u2014\\u2014\\u800c\\u4e14\\u4ecd\\u7136\\u662f\\u5173\\u4e8e\\u7ecf\\u6d4e\\r\\n\\u53d1\\u5c55\\u4ee5\\u53ca\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u7684\\u6001\\u5ea6\\u548c\\u4ef7\\u503c\\u89c2\\u7684\\u6545\\u4e8b\\u3002\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003E\\u5c3d\\u7ba1\\u5b83\\u4e3a\\u5efa\\u7acb\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003E\\u591a\\u5143\\u6587\\u5316\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u793e\\u4f1a\\u505a\\u51fa\\u4e86\\u8d21\\u732e\\uff0c\\u4f46\\u5b83\\u5f80\\u5f80\\u5728\\u7ecf\\u6d4e\\u4e0a\\u6beb\\u4e0d\\u63a9\\u9970\\u5730\\u81ea\\u79c1\\u81ea\\u5229\\uff0c\\u5e76\\u5b58\\u5728\\u79cd\\u65cf\\u6216\\u79cd\\u65cf\\u6b67\\u89c6\\uff08\\u003Cem\\u003E\\u89c1\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003E\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u653f\\u7b56\\uff1b\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u96be\\u6c11\\uff09\\u3002\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u8fd8\\u52a9\\u957f\\u4e86\\r\\n\\u5265\\u593a\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u571f\\u8457\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u4eba\\u6c11\\u7956\\u5148\\u7684\\u571f\\u5730\\u3002\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022zh\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:19,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-10T14:45:24.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-10T14:45:24.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e24168a-8f9e-4dd7-8a96-ebc6444e20df\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002276085\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Immigration to Canada [\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u70ba\\u4e86\\u91cd\\u65b0\\u5b9a\\u5c45\\u7684\\u76ee\\u7684\\uff0c\\u4e00\\u500b\\u570b\\u5bb6\\u7684\\u500b\\u4eba\\u79fb\\u52d5\\u5230\\u53e6\\u4e00\\u500b\\u570b\\u5bb6\\u662f\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u6b77\\u53f2\\u7684\\u6838\\u5fc3\\u3002\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u7684\\u6545\\u4e8b\\u4e26\\u4e0d\\u662f\\u6709\\u5e8f\\u7684\\u4eba\\u53e3\\u589e\\u9577\\u7684\\u6545\\u4e8b\\uff0c\\u800c\\u662f\\u95dc\\u65bc\\u7d93\\u6fdf\\u767c\\r\\n\\u5c55\\u4ee5\\u53ca\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u7684\\u614b\\u5ea6\\u548c\\u50f9\\u503c\\u89c0\\u3002\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/refugees\\u0022\\u003E\\u5118\\u7ba1\\u6709\\u52a9\\u65bc\\u5275\\u9020\\u591a\\u5143\\u6587\\u5316\\u793e\\u6703\\uff0c\\u4f46\\u5b83\\u7d93\\u5e38\\u5728\\u7d93\\u6fdf\\u4e0a\\u6beb\\u7121\\u907a\\u61be\\u5730\\u81ea\\u6211\\u670d\\u52d9\\u548c\\u6c11\\u65cf\\u6216\\u7a2e\\u65cf\\u6b67\\u8996\\uff08\\u898b\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/multiculturalism\\u0022\\u003E\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-policy\\u0022\\u003E\\u653f\\u7b56\\uff1b\\u003Cem\\u003E\\u52a0\\u003C\\\/em\\u003E\\u62ff\\u5927\\u96e3\\u6c11\\uff09\\u3002\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u4e5f\\u6709\\u52a9\\r\\n\\u65bc\\u4f54\\u9818\\u539f\\u4f4f\\u6c11\\u4ed6\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u5011\\u7956\\u5148\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u7684\\u571f\\u5730\\u3002\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\\r\\n\\r\\n\\u003Cp\\u003E\\uff08\\u672c\\u6587\\u662f\\u95dc\\u65bc\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u7684\\u5168\\u9577\\u6587\\u672c\\u3002\\u5982\\u679c\\u60a8\\u60f3\\u95b1\\u8b80\\u666e\\u901a\\u8a9e\\u8a00\\u6458\\u8981\\uff0c\\u8acb\\u53c3\\u95b1\\u79fb\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration-to-canada-plain-language-summary\\u0022\\u003E\\u6c11\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\uff08\\u666e\\u901a\\u8a9e\\u8a00\\u6458\\u8981\\uff09\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u3002\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022zh-TW\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:4,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-05T17:59:01.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-05T17:59:01.000000Z\u0022}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002277747\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022Yar Slavutych\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:null,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:null,\u0022indigo\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:null,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:null,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222015-06-11T14:06:59.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/ukrainian-writing\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Ukrainian Writing\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022ukrainian-writing\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Ukrainian Writing in Canada began in the 1890s with the first major wave of UKRAINIANS. The first story was written in 1897 by Nestor Dmytriw while he was visiting Calgary, and the first poem in 1898 by Ivan Zbura near Edmonton.\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022b8e43707-1dbc-4a3f-85dd-62662d61861c\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002277747\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022b31764c6-c25b-4c67-904e-286aa94084d7\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002277747\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Ukrainian Writing\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Ukrainian Writing in Canada began in the 1890s with the first major wave of UKRAINIANS. The first story was written in 1897 by Nestor Dmytriw while he was visiting Calgary, and the first poem in 1898 by Ivan Zbura near Edmonton.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022ukrainian-writing\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222015-06-11T14:06:59.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022ad0ca235-1024-483d-bae6-5346c437fbc6\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002277747\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Langue ukrainienne, publications de\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Les premi\\u00e8res publications en ukrainien paraissent d\\u0027abord dans les ann\\u00e9es 1890 avec la premi\\u00e8re grande vague d\\u0027immigrants UKRAINIENS au Canada. Le premier r\\u00e9cit est r\\u00e9dig\\u00e9 en 1897 par Nestor Dmytriw alors qu\\u0027il visite Calgary, et le premier po\\u00e8me est \\u00e9crit en 1898 par Ivan Zbura, pr\\u00e8s d\\u0027Edmonton.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022langue-ukrainienne-publications-de\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:null,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222015-06-11T14:06:59.000000Z\u0022}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022Gerald Friesen\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:\u0022Andrew McIntosh\u0022,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222019-12-23T21:33:07.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prairie-west\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022History of Settlement in the Canadian Prairies\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022prairie-west\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022The Canadian Prairies were peopled in six great waves of \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/migration\\u0022\\u003Emigration\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, spanning from \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prehistory\\u0022\\u003Eprehistory\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E to the present. The migration from Asia, about 13,300 years ago, produced an \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003EIndigenous population\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E of 20,000 to 50,000 by about 1640. Between 1640 and 1840, several thousand European and Canadian \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/timeline\\\/the-fur-trade\\u0022\\u003Efur traders\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E arrived, followed by several hundred British \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003Eimmigrants\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. They created dozens of small outposts and a settlement in the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/red-river-colony\\u0022\\u003ERed River Colony\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, where the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/metis\\u0022\\u003EM\\u00e9tis\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E became the largest part of the population. The third wave, from the 1840s to the 1890s, consisted mainly but not solely of Canadians of \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/english\\u0022\\u003EBritish heritage\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. The fourth and by far the largest wave was drawn from many nations, mostly European. It occurred from 1897 to 1929, with a pause (1914\\u201322) during and after the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/first-world-war-wwi\\u0022\\u003EFirst World War\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. The fifth wave, drawn from other Canadian provinces and from Europe and elsewhere, commenced in the late 1940s. It lasted through the 1960s. The sixth wave, beginning in the 1970s, drew especially upon peoples of the southern hemisphere. It has continued, with fluctuations, to the present. Throughout the last century, the region has also steadily lost residents, as a result of migration to other parts of Canada, to the United States, and elsewhere.\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022b8e43707-1dbc-4a3f-85dd-62662d61861c\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e17bbee-0ab4-49d3-9e90-90ef7ba34475\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022History of Settlement in the Canadian Prairies [\\u062a\\u0627\\u0631\\u064a\\u062e \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0633\\u062a\\u064a\\u0637\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0641\\u064a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631\\u064a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u0646\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u0643\\u0627\\u0646\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u0631\\u0627\\u0631\\u064a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u0646\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0645\\u0623\\u0647\\u0648\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0628\\u0633\\u062a \\u0645\\u0648\\u062c\\u0627\\u062a \\u0643\\u0628\\u064a\\u0631\\u0629 \\u0645\\u0646 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/migration\\u0022\\u003E\\u0627\\u0644\\u0647\\u062c\\u0631\\u0629\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u060c \\u0627\\u0645\\u062a\\u062f\\u062a \\u0645\\u0646 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prehistory\\u0022\\u003E\\u0639\\u0635\\u0648\\u0631 \\u0645\\u0627 \\u0642\\u0628\\u0644 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0627\\u0631\\u064a\\u062e\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0625\\u0644\\u0649 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0648\\u0642\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u0627\\u0636\\u0631. \\u0623\\u0646\\u062a\\u062c\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0647\\u062c\\u0631\\u0629 \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0622\\u0633\\u064a\\u0627\\u060c \\u0645\\u0646\\u0630 \\u062d\\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u064a 13300 \\u0639\\u0627\\u0645\\u060c \\u0639\\u062f\\u062f\\u064b\\u0627 \\u0645\\u0646 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u0627\\u0644\\u0633\\u0643\\u0627\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u0635\\u0644\\u064a\\u064a\\u0646\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u064a\\u062a\\u0631\\u0627\\u0648\\u062d \\u0628\\u064a\\u0646 20.000 \\u0648 50000 \\u0628\\u062d\\u0644\\u0648\\u0644 \\u0639\\u0627\\u0645 1640 \\u062a\\u0642\\u0631\\u064a\\u0628\\u064b\\u0627. \\u0628\\u064a\\u0646 \\u0639\\u0627\\u0645\\u064a 1640 \\u0648 1840\\u060c \\u0648\\u0635\\u0644 \\u0639\\u062f\\u0629 \\u0622\\u0644\\u0627\\u0641 \\u0645\\u0646 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/timeline\\\/the-fur-trade\\u0022\\u003E\\u062a\\u062c\\u0627\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0641\\u0631\\u0627\\u0621\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u0648\\u0631\\u0648\\u0628\\u064a\\u064a\\u0646 \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u0646\\u062f\\u064a\\u064a\\u0646\\u060c \\u062a\\u0644\\u0627\\u0647\\u0645 \\u0639\\u062f\\u0629 \\u0645\\u0626\\u0627\\u062a \\u0645\\u0646 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003E\\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0647\\u0627\\u062c\\u0631\\u064a\\u0646\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u0631\\u064a\\u0637\\u0627\\u0646\\u064a\\u064a\\u0646. \\u0644\\u0642\\u062f \\u0623\\u0646\\u0634\\u0623\\u0648\\u0627 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0639\\u0634\\u0631\\u0627\\u062a \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0628\\u0624\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u0633\\u062a\\u064a\\u0637\\u0627\\u0646\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u063a\\u064a\\u0631\\u0629 \\u0648\\u0645\\u0633\\u062a\\u0648\\u0637\\u0646\\u0629 \\u0641\\u064a \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/red-river-colony\\u0022\\u003E\\u0645\\u0633\\u062a\\u0639\\u0645\\u0631\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0647\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u062d\\u0645\\u0631\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u060c \\u062d\\u064a\\u062b \\u0623\\u0635\\u0628\\u062d \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/metis\\u0022\\u003E\\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u064a\\u062a\\u064a\\u0633\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0627\\u0644\\u062c\\u0632\\u0621 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u0643\\u0628\\u0631 \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0633\\u0643\\u0627\\u0646. \\u062a\\u0623\\u0644\\u0641\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0648\\u062c\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062b\\u0627\\u0644\\u062b\\u0629\\u060c \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0623\\u0631\\u0628\\u0639\\u064a\\u0646\\u064a\\u0627\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0642\\u0631\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0627\\u0633\\u0639 \\u0639\\u0634\\u0631 \\u0625\\u0644\\u0649 \\u062a\\u0633\\u0639\\u064a\\u0646\\u064a\\u0627\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0642\\u0631\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0627\\u0633\\u0639 \\u0639\\u0634\\u0631\\u060c \\u0628\\u0634\\u0643\\u0644 \\u0623\\u0633\\u0627\\u0633\\u064a \\u0648\\u0644\\u0643\\u0646 \\u0644\\u064a\\u0633 \\u0641\\u0642\\u0637 \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u0646\\u062f\\u064a\\u064a\\u0646 \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0623\\u0635\\u0644 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/english\\u0022\\u003E\\u0628\\u0631\\u064a\\u0637\\u0627\\u0646\\u064a\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. \\u062c\\u0627\\u0621\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0648\\u062c\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0631\\u0627\\u0628\\u0639\\u0629 \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u0643\\u0628\\u0631 \\u0625\\u0644\\u0649 \\u062d\\u062f \\u0628\\u0639\\u064a\\u062f \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0639\\u062f\\u064a\\u062f \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062f\\u0648\\u0644\\u060c \\u0645\\u0639\\u0638\\u0645\\u0647\\u0627 \\u0623\\u0648\\u0631\\u0648\\u0628\\u064a\\u0629. \\u062d\\u062f\\u062b \\u0630\\u0644\\u0643 \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0639\\u0627\\u0645 1897 \\u0625\\u0644\\u0649 \\u0639\\u0627\\u0645 1929\\u060c \\u0645\\u0639 \\u062a\\u0648\\u0642\\u0641 \\u0645\\u0624\\u0642\\u062a (1914-1922) \\u0623\\u062b\\u0646\\u0627\\u0621 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u0631\\u0628 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0639\\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u064a\\u0629 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/first-world-war-wwi\\u0022\\u003E\\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u0648\\u0644\\u0649\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0648\\u0628\\u0639\\u062f\\u0647\\u0627. \\u0628\\u062f\\u0623\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0648\\u062c\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062e\\u0627\\u0645\\u0633\\u0629\\u060c \\u0627\\u0644\\u0642\\u0627\\u062f\\u0645\\u0629 \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0642\\u0627\\u0637\\u0639\\u0627\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u0646\\u062f\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u062e\\u0631\\u0649 \\u0648\\u0645\\u0646 \\u0623\\u0648\\u0631\\u0648\\u0628\\u0627 \\u0648\\u0623\\u0645\\u0627\\u0643\\u0646 \\u0623\\u062e\\u0631\\u0649\\u060c \\u0641\\u064a \\u0623\\u0648\\u0627\\u062e\\u0631 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u0631\\u0628\\u0639\\u064a\\u0646\\u064a\\u0627\\u062a. \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a\\u0645\\u0631\\u062a \\u062e\\u0644\\u0627\\u0644 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0633\\u062a\\u064a\\u0646\\u064a\\u0627\\u062a. \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0648\\u062c\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0633\\u0627\\u062f\\u0633\\u0629\\u060c \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u064a \\u0628\\u062f\\u0623\\u062a \\u0641\\u064a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0633\\u0628\\u0639\\u064a\\u0646\\u064a\\u0627\\u062a\\u060c \\u062c\\u0630\\u0628\\u062a \\u0628\\u0634\\u0643\\u0644 \\u062e\\u0627\\u0635 \\u0634\\u0639\\u0648\\u0628 \\u0646\\u0635\\u0641 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u0631\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062c\\u0646\\u0648\\u0628\\u064a. \\u0648\\u0642\\u062f \\u0627\\u0633\\u062a\\u0645\\u0631\\u062a\\u060c \\u0645\\u0639 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0642\\u0644\\u0628\\u0627\\u062a\\u060c \\u062d\\u062a\\u0649 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0648\\u0642\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u0627\\u0636\\u0631. \\u0637\\u0648\\u0627\\u0644 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0642\\u0631\\u0646 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0627\\u0636\\u064a\\u060c \\u0641\\u0642\\u062f\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0646\\u0637\\u0642\\u0629 \\u0623\\u064a\\u0636\\u064b\\u0627 \\u0633\\u0643\\u0627\\u0646\\u0647\\u0627 \\u0628\\u0634\\u0643\\u0644 \\u0645\\u0637\\u0631\\u062f\\u060c \\u0646\\u062a\\u064a\\u062c\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0647\\u062c\\u0631\\u0629 \\u0625\\u0644\\u0649 \\u0623\\u062c\\u0632\\u0627\\u0621 \\u0623\\u062e\\u0631\\u0649 \\u0645\\u0646 \\u0643\\u0646\\u062f\\u0627 \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u0648\\u0644\\u0627\\u064a\\u0627\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u062a\\u062d\\u062f\\u0629 \\u0648\\u0623\\u0645\\u0627\\u0643\\u0646 \\u0623\\u062e\\u0631\\u0649. \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022baryaryaroyst\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ar\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-30T14:35:43.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-01-30T14:35:43.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022a0369f6e-89a4-42e5-be54-5bc867888a43\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022History of Settlement in the Canadian Prairies\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022The Canadian Prairies were peopled in six great waves of \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/migration\\u0022\\u003Emigration\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, spanning from \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prehistory\\u0022\\u003Eprehistory\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E to the present. The migration from Asia, about 13,300 years ago, produced an \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003EIndigenous population\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E of 20,000 to 50,000 by about 1640. Between 1640 and 1840, several thousand European and Canadian \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/timeline\\\/the-fur-trade\\u0022\\u003Efur traders\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E arrived, followed by several hundred British \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003Eimmigrants\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. They created dozens of small outposts and a settlement in the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/red-river-colony\\u0022\\u003ERed River Colony\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, where the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/metis\\u0022\\u003EM\\u00e9tis\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E became the largest part of the population. The third wave, from the 1840s to the 1890s, consisted mainly but not solely of Canadians of \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/english\\u0022\\u003EBritish heritage\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. The fourth and by far the largest wave was drawn from many nations, mostly European. It occurred from 1897 to 1929, with a pause (1914\\u201322) during and after the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/first-world-war-wwi\\u0022\\u003EFirst World War\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. The fifth wave, drawn from other Canadian provinces and from Europe and elsewhere, commenced in the late 1940s. It lasted through the 1960s. The sixth wave, beginning in the 1970s, drew especially upon peoples of the southern hemisphere. It has continued, with fluctuations, to the present. Throughout the last century, the region has also steadily lost residents, as a result of migration to other parts of Canada, to the United States, and elsewhere.\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022prairie-west\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222019-12-23T21:33:07.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e3e393d-53d3-423f-9c4f-ed1959fe5d45\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022History of Settlement in the Canadian Prairies [Historia de los asentamientos en las praderas canadienses]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Las praderas canadienses se poblaron en seis grandes oleadas de \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/migration\\u0022\\u003Emigraci\\u00f3n\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, que se extendieron desde la \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prehistory\\u0022\\u003Eprehistoria\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E hasta el presente. La migraci\\u00f3n desde Asia, hace unos 13.300 a\\u00f1os, produjo una \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003Epoblaci\\u00f3n ind\\u00edgena de entre 20 000 y 50 000 habitantes\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E hacia 1640. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003EEntre 1640 y 1840, llegaron varios miles de \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/timeline\\\/the-fur-trade\\u0022\\u003Ecomerciantes de pieles\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E europeos y canadienses, seguidos de varios cientos de inmigrantes brit\\u00e1nicos.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Crearon docenas de peque\\u00f1os puestos de avanzada y un asentamiento en la \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/red-river-colony\\u0022\\u003Ecolonia del R\\u00edo Rojo\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, donde los \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/metis\\u0022\\u003Emestizos se convirtieron en\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E la mayor parte de la poblaci\\u00f3n. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/english\\u0022\\u003ELa tercera ola, desde la d\\u00e9cada de 1840 hasta la de 1890, estuvo formada principalmente, pero no exclusivamente, por canadienses de ascendencia brit\\u00e1nica.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E La cuarta ola, y con mucho la m\\u00e1s grande, provino de muchos pa\\u00edses, en su mayor\\u00eda europeos. Ocurri\\u00f3 entre 1897 y 1929, con una pausa (1914-1922) durante y despu\\u00e9s de la \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/first-world-war-wwi\\u0022\\u003EPrimera\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Guerra Mundial. La quinta ola, con participantes de otras provincias canadienses y de Europa y otros lugares, comenz\\u00f3 a fines de la d\\u00e9cada de 1940. Dur\\u00f3 hasta la d\\u00e9cada de 1960. La sexta ola, que comenz\\u00f3 en la d\\u00e9cada de 1970, se centr\\u00f3 especialmente en los pueblos del hemisferio sur. Ha continuado, con fluctuaciones, hasta el presente. A lo largo del \\u00faltimo siglo, la regi\\u00f3n tambi\\u00e9n ha perdido residentes de manera constante, como resultado de la migraci\\u00f3n a otras partes de Canad\\u00e1, a los Estados Unidos y a otros lugares. \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022pradesraesoest\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022es\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:3,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-18T17:47:34.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-18T17:47:34.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022201826b5-0157-41b2-be16-c48db73fc992\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Histoire de la colonisation des Prairies canadiennes\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ELes Prairies canadiennes se peuplent au cours de six grandes vagues \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/migration\\u0022\\u003Emigratoires\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E s\\u2019\\u00e9talant de la \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/prehistory\\u0022\\u003Epr\\u00e9histoire\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u00e0 aujourd\\u2019hui. La migration depuis l\\u2019Asie, il y a environ 13\\u2009300 ans, engendre une \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003Epopulation autochtone\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E qui se compte entre 20\\u2009000 et 50\\u2009000 individus en 1640. De 1640 \\u00e0 1840, plusieurs milliers de \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/timeline\\\/the-fur-trade\\u0022\\u003Ecommer\\u00e7ants de fourrure\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E europ\\u00e9ens et canadiens, suivis de centaines d\\u2019immigrants britanniques, arrivent sur le territoire, cr\\u00e9ant des douzaines d\\u2019avant-postes ainsi que la \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/red-river-colony\\u0022\\u003Ecolonie de la rivi\\u00e8re Rouge\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, o\\u00f9 les \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/metis\\u0022\\u003EM\\u00e9tis\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E deviennent la plus importante portion de la population. La troisi\\u00e8me vague, qui s\\u2019\\u00e9tend des ann\\u00e9es\\u00a01840 aux ann\\u00e9es\\u00a01890, consiste principalement, mais pas uniquement, de Canadiens d\\u2019\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/english\\u0022\\u003Eascendance britannique\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. La quatri\\u00e8me, et de loin la plus importante, est constitu\\u00e9e de plusieurs nations, surtout europ\\u00e9ennes, et a lieu de 1897 \\u00e0 1929, avec une interruption pendant et apr\\u00e8s la \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/first-world-war-wwi\\u0022\\u003EPremi\\u00e8re Guerre mondiale\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E (1914-1922). La cinqui\\u00e8me vague, compos\\u00e9e de Canadiens d\\u2019autres provinces, d\\u2019Europ\\u00e9ens et d\\u2019immigrants d\\u2019autres pays, commence \\u00e0 la fin des ann\\u00e9es\\u00a01940 et se poursuit durant les ann\\u00e9es\\u00a01960. La sixi\\u00e8me vague, qui commence au d\\u00e9but des ann\\u00e9es\\u00a01970, est principalement compos\\u00e9e de gens de l\\u2019h\\u00e9misph\\u00e8re sud. Elle se poursuit, avec fluctuations, jusqu\\u2019\\u00e0 aujourd\\u2019hui. Tout au long du dernier si\\u00e8cle, la r\\u00e9gion conna\\u00eet un exode continu de sa population qui migre dans d\\u2019autres r\\u00e9gions du Canada, aux \\u00c9tats-Unis et ailleurs.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022prairies-occidentales\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222006-02-08T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222019-12-23T21:33:07.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e3e3aca-65bb-4c63-bc10-4d860e402ce5\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022History of Settlement in the Canadian Prairies [\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u306e\\u5927\\u8349\\u539f\\u306b\\u304a\\u3051\\u308b\\u5b9a\\u4f4f\\u306e\\u6b74\\u53f2]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u5927\\u8349\\u539f\\u306b\\u306f\\u3001\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prehistory\\u0022\\u003E\\u5148\\u53f2\\u6642\\u4ee3\\u304b\\u3089\\u73fe\\u5728\\u306b\\u81f3\\u308b\\u307e\\u3067\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u3001\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/migration\\u0022\\u003E6\\u3064\\u306e\\u5927\\u304d\\u306a\\u79fb\\u4f4f\\u306e\\u6ce2\\u304c\\u62bc\\u3057\\u5bc4\\u305b\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u3002\\u7d0413,300\\u5e74\\u524d\\u306e\\u30a2\\u30b8\\u30a2\\u304b\\u3089\\u306e\\u79fb\\u4f4f\\u306b\\u3088\\u308a\\u3001\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E1640\\u5e74\\u9803\\u307e\\u3067\\u306b2\\u4e07\\u4eba\\u304b\\u30895\\u4e07\\u4eba\\u306e\\u5148\\u4f4f\\u6c11\\u304c\\u8a95\\u751f\\u3057\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u3002\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003E1640\\u5e74\\u304b\\u30891840\\u5e74\\u306e\\u9593\\u306b\\u3001\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/timeline\\\/the-fur-trade\\u0022\\u003E\\u30e8\\u30fc\\u30ed\\u30c3\\u30d1\\u3068\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u306e\\u6570\\u5343\\u4eba\\u306e\\u6bdb\\u76ae\\u5546\\u4eba\\u304c\\u5230\\u7740\\u3057\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u3001\\u7d9a\\u3044\\u3066\\u6570\\u767e\\u4eba\\u306e\\u30a4\\u30ae\\u30ea\\u30b9\\u4eba\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u304c\\u5230\\u7740\\u3057\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u3002\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/red-river-colony\\u0022\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/metis\\u0022\\u003E\\u5f7c\\u3089\\u306f\\u30e1\\u30c6\\u30a3\\u65cf\\u304c\\u4eba\\u53e3\\u306e\\u5927\\u90e8\\u5206\\u3092\\u5360\\u3081\\u308b\\u3088\\u3046\\u306b\\u306a\\u3063\\u305f\\u30ec\\u30c3\\u30c9\\u30fb\\u30ea\\u30d0\\u30fc\\u30fb\\u30b3\\u30ed\\u30cb\\u30fc\\u306b\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u3001\\u4f55\\u5341\\u3082\\u306e\\u5c0f\\u3055\\u306a\\u524d\\u54e8\\u57fa\\u5730\\u3068\\u96c6\\u843d\\u3092\\u4f5c\\u308a\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u3002\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/english\\u0022\\u003E\\u7b2c3\\u306e\\u6ce2\\u306f1840\\u5e74\\u4ee3\\u304b\\u30891890\\u5e74\\u4ee3\\u306b\\u304b\\u3051\\u3066\\u3001\\u4e3b\\u306b\\u82f1\\u56fd\\u7cfb\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u4eba\\u3067\\u69cb\\u6210\\u3055\\u308c\\u3066\\u3044\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u304c\\u3001\\u305d\\u308c\\u3060\\u3051\\u3067\\u306f\\u3042\\u308a\\u307e\\u305b\\u3093\\u3067\\u3057\\u305f\\u3002\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u7b2c\\u56db\\u306e\\u3001\\u305d\\u3057\\u3066\\u7fa4\\u3092\\u629c\\u3044\\u3066\\u6700\\u5927\\u306e\\u6ce2\\u306f\\u3001\\u30e8\\u30fc\\u30ed\\u30c3\\u30d1\\u3092\\u4e2d\\u5fc3\\u3068\\u3059\\u308b\\u591a\\u304f\\u306e\\u56fd\\u304b\\u3089\\u5f15\\u304d\\u5bc4\\u305b\\u3089\\u308c\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u3002\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/first-world-war-wwi\\u0022\\u003E\\u3053\\u306e\\u6ce2\\u306f1897\\u5e74\\u304b\\u30891929\\u5e74\\u306b\\u304b\\u3051\\u3066\\u767a\\u751f\\u3057\\u3001\\u7b2c\\u4e00\\u6b21\\u4e16\\u754c\\u5927\\u6226\\u4e2d\\u304a\\u3088\\u3073\\u6226\\u5f8c\\uff081914\\u5e74\\u304b\\u308922\\u5e74\\uff09\\u306b\\u304b\\u3051\\u3066\\u4e00\\u6642\\u505c\\u6b62\\u3057\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u3002\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u306e\\u4ed6\\u306e\\u5dde\\u3084\\u30e8\\u30fc\\u30ed\\u30c3\\u30d1\\u306a\\u3069\\u304b\\u3089\\u96c6\\u3081\\u3089\\u308c\\u305f\\u7b2c5\\u6ce2\\u306f\\u30011940\\u5e74\\u4ee3\\u5f8c\\u534a\\u306b\\u59cb\\u307e\\u308a\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u3002\\u305d\\u308c\\u306f1960\\u5e74\\u4ee3\\u307e\\u3067\\u7d9a\\u304d\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u30021970\\u5e74\\u4ee3\\u306b\\u59cb\\u307e\\u3063\\u305f\\u7b2c6\\u6ce2\\u306f\\u3001\\u7279\\u306b\\u5357\\u534a\\u7403\\u306e\\u4eba\\u3005\\u3092\\u5f15\\u304d\\u5bc4\\u305b\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u3002\\u5909\\u52d5\\u306f\\u3042\\u308a\\u307e\\u3059\\u304c\\u3001\\u73fe\\u5728\\u307e\\u3067\\u7d9a\\u3044\\u3066\\u3044\\u307e\\u3059\\u3002\\u524d\\u4e16\\u7d00\\u3092\\u901a\\u3058\\u3066\\u3001\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u306e\\u4ed6\\u306e\\u5730\\u57df\\u3001\\u7c73\\u56fd\\u3001\\u305d\\u306e\\u4ed6\\u306e\\u5730\\u57df\\u3078\\u306e\\u79fb\\u4f4f\\u306e\\u7d50\\u679c\\u3001\\u3053\\u306e\\u5730\\u57df\\u3067\\u306f\\u4f4f\\u6c11\\u304c\\u7740\\u5b9f\\u306b\\u5931\\u308f\\u308c\\u3066\\u304d\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u3002\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ja\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-18T17:51:55.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-18T17:51:55.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e26f79b-b0e9-4be4-9048-3f327ed2be4d\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022History of Settlement in the Canadian Prairies [\\u0a15\\u0a48\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a40\\u0a05\\u0a28 \\u0a2a\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a48\\u0a30\\u0a40\\u0a1c\\u0a3c \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a \\u0a2c\\u0a70\\u0a26\\u0a4b\\u0a2c\\u0a38\\u0a24 \\u0a26\\u0a3e \\u0a07\\u0a24\\u0a3f\\u0a39\\u0a3e\\u0a38]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u0a15\\u0a48\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a40\\u0a05\\u0a28 \\u0a2a\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a48\\u0a30\\u0a40\\u0a1c\\u0a3c \\u0a2a\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a35\\u0a3e\\u0a38 \\u0a26\\u0a40\\u0a06\\u0a02 \\u0a1b\\u0a47 \\u0a2e\\u0a39\\u0a3e\\u0a28 \\u0a32\\u0a39\\u0a3f\\u0a30\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a \\u0a32\\u0a4b\\u0a15 \\u0a38\\u0a28, \\u0a1c\\u0a4b \\u0a2a\\u0a42\\u0a30\\u0a35 \\u0a07\\u0a24\\u0a3f\\u0a39\\u0a3e \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/migration\\u0022\\u003E\\u0a38 \\u0a24\\u0a4b\\u0a02 \\u0a32\\u0a48\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0a15\\u0a47 \\u0a35\\u0a30\\u0a24\\u0a2e\\u0a3e\\u0a28 \\u0a24\\u0a71\\u0a15 \\u0a2b\\u0a48\\u0a32\\u0a40\\u0a06\\u0a02 \\u0a39\\u0a4b\\u0a08\\u0a06\\u0a02 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prehistory\\u0022\\u003E\\u0a38\\u0a28\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. \\u0a32\\u0a17\\u0a2d\\u0a17 13,300 \\u0a38\\u0a3e\\u0a32 \\u0a2a\\u0a39\\u0a3f\\u0a32\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a0f\\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a40\\u0a06 \\u0a24\\u0a4b\\u0a02 \\u0a2a\\u0a30\\u0a35\\u0a3e\\u0a38 \\u0a28\\u0a47 \\u0a32\\u0a17\\u0a2d\\u0a17 1640 \\u0a24\\u0a71\\u0a15 20,000 \\u0a24\\u0a4b\\u0a02 50,000 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u0a26\\u0a40\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0a38\\u0a35\\u0a26\\u0a47\\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a40 \\u0a06\\u0a2c\\u0a3e\\u0a26\\u0a40 \\u0a2a\\u0a48\\u0a26\\u0a3e \\u0a15\\u0a40\\u0a24\\u0a40. 1640 \\u0a05\\u0a24\\u0a47 1840 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a1a\\u0a15\\u0a3e\\u0a30, \\u0a15\\u0a08 \\u0a39\\u0a1c\\u0a3c\\u0a3e\\u0a30 \\u0a2f\\u0a42\\u0a30\\u0a2a\\u0a40\\u0a05\\u0a28 \\u0a05\\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a15\\u0a48\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a40\\u0a05\\u0a28 \\u0a2b\\u0a30 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/timeline\\\/the-fur-trade\\u0022\\u003E\\u0a35\\u0a2a\\u0a3e\\u0a30\\u0a40 \\u0a06\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0a0f, \\u0a07\\u0a38\\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a2c\\u0a3e\\u0a05\\u0a26 \\u0a15\\u0a08 \\u0a38\\u0a4c \\u0a2c\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a3f\\u0a1f\\u0a3f\\u0a38\\u0a3c \\u0a2a\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a35\\u0a3e\\u0a38\\u0a40\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003E.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0a09\\u0a28\\u0a4d\\u0a39\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a28\\u0a47 \\u0a30\\u0a48\\u0a21 \\u0a30\\u0a3f\\u0a35\\u0a30 \\u0a15\\u0a32\\u0a4b\\u0a28\\u0a40 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a \\u0a26\\u0a30\\u0a1c\\u0a28\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a1b\\u0a4b\\u0a1f\\u0a40\\u0a06\\u0a02 \\u0a1a\\u0a4c\\u0a15\\u0a40\\u0a06\\u0a02 \\u0a05\\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a07\\u0a71\\u0a15 \\u0a2c\\u0a70\\u0a26\\u0a4b\\u0a2c\\u0a38\\u0a24 \\u0a2c\\u0a23\\u0a3e \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/red-river-colony\\u0022\\u003E\\u0a08\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\u0a1c\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a25\\u0a47 \\u0a2e\\u0a48 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/metis\\u0022\\u003E\\u0a1f\\u0a3f\\u0a38 \\u0a06\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0a2c\\u0a3e\\u0a26\\u0a40 \\u0a26\\u0a3e \\u0a38\\u0a2d \\u0a24\\u0a4b\\u0a02 \\u0a35\\u0a71\\u0a21\\u0a3e \\u0a39\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a38\\u0a3e \\u0a2c\\u0a23 \\u0a17\\u0a3f\\u0a06. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/english\\u0022\\u003E\\u0a24\\u0a40\\u0a1c\\u0a40 \\u0a32\\u0a39\\u0a3f\\u0a30, 1840 \\u0a24\\u0a4b\\u0a02 1890 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a26\\u0a39\\u0a3e\\u0a15\\u0a47 \\u0a24\\u0a71\\u0a15, \\u0a2e\\u0a41\\u0a71\\u0a16 \\u0a24\\u0a4c\\u0a30 \\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a3e\\u0a2e\\u0a32 \\u0a38\\u0a40 \\u0a2a\\u0a30 \\u0a38\\u0a3f\\u0a30\\u0a2b \\u0a2c\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a3f\\u0a1f\\u0a3f\\u0a38\\u0a3c \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a30\\u0a3e\\u0a38\\u0a24 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a15\\u0a48\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a40\\u0a05\\u0a28 \\u0a28\\u0a39\\u0a40\\u0a02.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0a1a\\u0a4c\\u0a25\\u0a40 \\u0a05\\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a39\\u0a41\\u0a23 \\u0a24\\u0a71\\u0a15 \\u0a26\\u0a40 \\u0a38\\u0a2d \\u0a24\\u0a4b\\u0a02 \\u0a35\\u0a71\\u0a21\\u0a40 \\u0a32\\u0a39\\u0a3f\\u0a30 \\u0a2c\\u0a39\\u0a41\\u0a24 \\u0a38\\u0a3e\\u0a30\\u0a47 \\u0a26\\u0a47\\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a24\\u0a4b\\u0a02 \\u0a16\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a\\u0a40 \\u0a17\\u0a08 \\u0a38\\u0a40, \\u0a1c\\u0a3f\\u0a06\\u0a26\\u0a3e\\u0a24\\u0a30 \\u0a2f\\u0a42\\u0a30\\u0a2a\\u0a40\\u0a05\\u0a28. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/first-world-war-wwi\\u0022\\u003E\\u0a07\\u0a39 \\u0a2a\\u0a39\\u0a3f\\u0a32\\u0a47 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a35 \\u0a2f\\u0a41\\u0a71\\u0a27 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a26\\u0a4c\\u0a30\\u0a3e\\u0a28 \\u0a05\\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a2c\\u0a3e\\u0a05\\u0a26 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a \\u0a07\\u0a71\\u0a15 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a30\\u0a3e\\u0a2e (1914-22) \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a28\\u0a3e\\u0a32 1897 \\u0a24\\u0a4b\\u0a02 1929 \\u0a24\\u0a71\\u0a15 \\u0a39\\u0a4b\\u0a07\\u0a06 \\u0a38\\u0a40.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0a2a\\u0a70\\u0a1c\\u0a35\\u0a40\\u0a02 \\u0a32\\u0a39\\u0a3f\\u0a30, \\u0a39\\u0a4b\\u0a30 \\u0a15\\u0a48\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a40\\u0a05\\u0a28 \\u0a2a\\u0a4d\\u0a30\\u0a3e\\u0a02\\u0a24\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a05\\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a2f\\u0a42\\u0a30\\u0a2a \\u0a05\\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a39\\u0a4b\\u0a30 \\u0a25\\u0a3e\\u0a35\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a24\\u0a4b\\u0a02 \\u0a16\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a\\u0a40 \\u0a17\\u0a08, 1940 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a05\\u0a16\\u0a40\\u0a30 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a \\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a41\\u0a30\\u0a42 \\u0a39\\u0a4b\\u0a08. \\u0a07\\u0a39 1960 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a26\\u0a39\\u0a3e\\u0a15\\u0a47 \\u0a24\\u0a71\\u0a15 \\u0a1a\\u0a71\\u0a32\\u0a3f\\u0a06. \\u0a1b\\u0a47\\u0a35\\u0a40\\u0a02 \\u0a32\\u0a39\\u0a3f\\u0a30, 1970 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a26\\u0a39\\u0a3e\\u0a15\\u0a47 \\u0a35\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a \\u0a38\\u0a3c\\u0a41\\u0a30\\u0a42 \\u0a39\\u0a4b\\u0a08, \\u0a16\\u0a3c\\u0a3e\\u0a38\\u0a15\\u0a30 \\u0a26\\u0a71\\u0a16\\u0a23\\u0a40 \\u0a17\\u0a4b\\u0a32\\u0a3f\\u0a38\\u0a2b\\u0a3e\\u0a07\\u0a30 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a32\\u0a4b\\u0a15\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a35\\u0a71\\u0a32 \\u0a16\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a1a\\u0a40 \\u0a17\\u0a08. \\u0a07\\u0a39 \\u0a05\\u0a71\\u0a1c \\u0a24\\u0a71\\u0a15 \\u0a09\\u0a24\\u0a30\\u0a3e\\u0a05-\\u0a1a\\u0a5c\\u0a4d\\u0a39\\u0a3e\\u0a05 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a28\\u0a3e\\u0a32 \\u0a1c\\u0a3e\\u0a30\\u0a40 \\u0a30\\u0a3f\\u0a39\\u0a3e \\u0a39\\u0a48. \\u0a2a\\u0a3f\\u0a1b\\u0a32\\u0a40 \\u0a38\\u0a26\\u0a40 \\u0a26\\u0a4c\\u0a30\\u0a3e\\u0a28, \\u0a15\\u0a48\\u0a28\\u0a47\\u0a21\\u0a3e \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a26\\u0a42\\u0a1c\\u0a47 \\u0a39\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a38\\u0a3f\\u0a06\\u0a02, \\u0a38\\u0a70\\u0a2f\\u0a41\\u0a15\\u0a24 \\u0a30\\u0a3e\\u0a1c \\u0a05\\u0a2e\\u0a30\\u0a40\\u0a15\\u0a3e \\u0a05\\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a39\\u0a4b\\u0a30 \\u0a15\\u0a3f\\u0a24\\u0a47 \\u0a2a\\u0a30\\u0a35\\u0a3e\\u0a38 \\u0a26\\u0a47 \\u0a28\\u0a24\\u0a40\\u0a1c\\u0a47 \\u0a35\\u0a1c\\u0a4b\\u0a02, \\u0a16\\u0a47\\u0a24\\u0a30 \\u0a28\\u0a47 \\u0a28\\u0a3f\\u0a30\\u0a70\\u0a24\\u0a30 \\u0a35\\u0a38\\u0a28\\u0a40\\u0a15\\u0a3e\\u0a02 \\u0a28\\u0a42\\u0a70 \\u0a17\\u0a41\\u0a06 \\u0a26\\u0a3f\\u0a71\\u0a24\\u0a3e \\u0a39\\u0a48. \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022pa\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-07T04:20:01.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-07T04:20:01.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e3e3aa1-2b3c-45fe-84c8-467c0d5deb58\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022History of Settlement in the Canadian Prairies [Hist\\u00f3ria da coloniza\\u00e7\\u00e3o nas pradarias canadenses]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022As pradarias canadenses foram povoadas em seis grandes ondas de \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/migration\\u0022\\u003Emigra\\u00e7\\u00e3o\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, desde a \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prehistory\\u0022\\u003Epr\\u00e9-hist\\u00f3ria\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E at\\u00e9 o presente. A migra\\u00e7\\u00e3o da \\u00c1sia, h\\u00e1 cerca de 13.300 anos, produziu uma \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003Epopula\\u00e7\\u00e3o ind\\u00edgena\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E de 20.000 a 50.000 por volta de 1640. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003EEntre 1640 e 1840, v\\u00e1rios milhares de \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/timeline\\\/the-fur-trade\\u0022\\u003Ecomerciantes de peles\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E europeus e canadenses chegaram, seguidos por v\\u00e1rias centenas de imigrantes brit\\u00e2nicos.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Eles criaram dezenas de pequenos postos avan\\u00e7ados e um assentamento na \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/red-river-colony\\u0022\\u003ECol\\u00f4nia do Rio Vermelho\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, onde os \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/metis\\u0022\\u003EM\\u00e9tis\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E se tornaram a maior parte da popula\\u00e7\\u00e3o. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/english\\u0022\\u003EA terceira onda, das d\\u00e9cadas de 1840 a 1890, consistiu principalmente, mas n\\u00e3o apenas, de canadenses de ascend\\u00eancia brit\\u00e2nica.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E A quarta e de longe a maior onda foi retirada de muitas na\\u00e7\\u00f5es, principalmente europeias. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/first-world-war-wwi\\u0022\\u003EOcorreu de 1897 a 1929, com uma pausa (1914\\u201422) durante e ap\\u00f3s a Primeira Guerra Mundial.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E A quinta onda, vinda de outras prov\\u00edncias canadenses, da Europa e de outros lugares, come\\u00e7ou no final da d\\u00e9cada de 1940. Durou at\\u00e9 a d\\u00e9cada de 1960. A sexta onda, iniciada na d\\u00e9cada de 1970, atraiu especialmente os povos do hemisf\\u00e9rio sul. Continuou, com flutua\\u00e7\\u00f5es, at\\u00e9 o presente. Ao longo do \\u00faltimo s\\u00e9culo, a regi\\u00e3o tamb\\u00e9m perdeu constantemente residentes, como resultado da migra\\u00e7\\u00e3o para outras partes do Canad\\u00e1, para os Estados Unidos e outros lugares. \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022radariaptoespte\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022pt\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-18T17:51:28.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-18T17:51:28.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229dbd8b3b-a784-4bcb-9f43-7932b9117a0b\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022History of Settlement in the Canadian Prairies [\\u0418\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u044f \\u0437\\u0430\\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0434\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u0439]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u041a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0434\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u044b \\u0448\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c\\u044e \\u043a\\u0440\\u0443\\u043f\\u043d\\u044b\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/migration\\u0022\\u003E\\u043c\\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0438\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0441 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prehistory\\u0022\\u003E\\u0434\\u043e\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u0447\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d \\u0438 \\u0437\\u0430\\u043a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0447\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u044f \\u043d\\u0430\\u0448\\u0438\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0434\\u043d\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. \\u0412 \\u0440\\u0435\\u0437\\u0443\\u043b\\u044c\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0438\\u0437 \\u0410\\u0437\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043e\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e 13 300 \\u043b\\u0435\\u0442 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0437\\u0430\\u0434 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u0447\\u0438\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c \\u043a\\u043e\\u0440\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043d\\u0430\\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u043a 1640 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0443 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0442 20 000 \\u0434\\u043e 50 000 \\u0447\\u0435\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0435\\u043a. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003E\\u0412 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0438\\u043e\\u0434 \\u0441 1640 \\u043f\\u043e 1840 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434 \\u0441\\u044e\\u0434\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u043e \\u043d\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e \\u0442\\u044b\\u0441\\u044f\\u0447 \\u0435\\u0432\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u0435\\u0439\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0438 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0434\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/timeline\\\/the-fur-trade\\u0022\\u003E\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0433\\u043e\\u0432\\u0446\\u0435\\u0432 \\u043c\\u0435\\u0445\\u043e\\u043c\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\u0430 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435\\u043c \\u043d\\u0435\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e \\u0441\\u043e\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0438\\u043c\\u043c\\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u041e\\u043d\\u0438 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0437\\u0434\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0434\\u0435\\u0441\\u044f\\u0442\\u043a\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0431\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0448\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432 \\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0432 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/red-river-colony\\u0022\\u003E\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u041a\\u0440\\u0430\\u0441\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u0440\\u0435\\u043a\\u0430\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\u0433\\u0434\\u0435 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/metis\\u0022\\u003E\\u043c\\u0435\\u0442\\u0438\\u0441\\u044b\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c\\u044e \\u043d\\u0430\\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/english\\u0022\\u003E\\u0422\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442\\u044c\\u044f \\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u0430, \\u0441 1840-\\u0445 \\u043f\\u043e 1890-\\u0435 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u044b, \\u0441\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0432 \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c, \\u043d\\u043e \\u043d\\u0435 \\u0442\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e \\u0438\\u0437 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0434\\u0446\\u0435\\u0432 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0438\\u0441\\u0445\\u043e\\u0436\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0427\\u0435\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0442\\u0430\\u044f \\u0438, \\u0431\\u0435\\u0437\\u0443\\u0441\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e, \\u0441\\u0430\\u043c\\u0430\\u044f \\u0431\\u043e\\u043b\\u044c\\u0448\\u0430\\u044f \\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0431\\u044b\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0438\\u0437 \\u043c\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d, \\u0432 \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e\\u043c \\u0438\\u0437 \\u0415\\u0432\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u044b. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/first-world-war-wwi\\u0022\\u003E\\u041e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u044c \\u0441 1897 \\u043f\\u043e 1929 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434 \\u0441 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0443\\u0437\\u043e\\u0439 (1914\\u20141922 \\u0433\\u0433.) \\u0432\\u043e \\u0432\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u044f \\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435 \\u041f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0439 \\u0432\\u043e\\u0439\\u043d\\u044b.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u041f\\u044f\\u0442\\u0430\\u044f \\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u0430, \\u043e\\u0445\\u0432\\u0430\\u0442\\u0438\\u0432\\u0448\\u0430\\u044f \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0434\\u0441\\u043a\\u0438\\u0435 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0438\\u043d\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438, \\u0415\\u0432\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u0443 \\u0438 \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b, \\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u044c \\u0432 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043d\\u0446\\u0435 1940-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u0432. \\u041e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u044c \\u0434\\u043e 1960-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u0432. \\u0428\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u044f \\u0432\\u043e\\u043b\\u043d\\u0430, \\u043d\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u0432\\u0448\\u0430\\u044f\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432 1970-\\u0445 \\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0430\\u0445, \\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e \\u0437\\u0430\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043d\\u0443\\u043b\\u0430 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u044b \\u044e\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u043f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0443\\u0448\\u0430\\u0440\\u0438\\u044f. \\u041e\\u043d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u043e\\u043b\\u0436\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f, \\u0441 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0431\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438, \\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e \\u0441\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u044c. \\u041d\\u0430 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0442\\u044f\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u043b\\u0435\\u0434\\u043d\\u0435\\u0433\\u043e \\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0442\\u0438\\u044f \\u0440\\u0435\\u0433\\u0438\\u043e\\u043d \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0436\\u0435 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u044f\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e \\u0442\\u0435\\u0440\\u044f\\u043b \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u0439 \\u0432 \\u0440\\u0435\\u0437\\u0443\\u043b\\u044c\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u0435 \\u043c\\u0438\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u0438 \\u0432 \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u041a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0434\\u044b, \\u0421\\u043e\\u0435\\u0434\\u0438\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0428\\u0442\\u0430\\u0442\\u044b \\u0438 \\u0434\\u0440\\u0443\\u0433\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u044b. \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022zapadruprueruii\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ru\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-16T18:35:03.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-16T18:35:03.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e3e3947-9cfd-4b28-b1e6-3d6ba992b5e6\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022History of Settlement in the Canadian Prairies [Taariikhda Dhageysiga ee Dalka Canada]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Dalka Canada ayaa dadka ku dhacay lix madax weyn ee socdaalka socdaalka, kuwaas oo ka baxa \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/migration\\u0022\\u003Etaariik\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E hda hore illaa had \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prehistory\\u0022\\u003Eda.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Socdaalka ka socda Asia oo qiyaastii 13,300 sano ka hor ayaa waxaa soo saaray dadweynaha guud \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003Eah oo ah\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E 20,000 ilaa 50,000 ilaa ilaa ilaa ku dhacay ilaa ku U dhaxeeya 1640 ilaa 1840-kii waxaa soo gaaray ganacsatada dhawr kun \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/timeline\\\/the-fur-trade\\u0022\\u003Eoo Yurub iyo\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Canada ayaa gaaray, iyadoo ka socday boqol \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003Edhowr\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Waxay abuuray tobanaan bobanaan boosto yar oo yar iyo deegaan ku yaala Gumey \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/red-river-colony\\u0022\\u003Esiga Wabiga Cas\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E as, halkaas oo \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/metis\\u0022\\u003EM\\u00e9tis\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E noqotay qeybtii ugu weyn ee dadka. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/english\\u0022\\u003EGoolka saddexaad, ilaa 1840-kii ilaa 1890-kii, waxaa ugu badan kooban laakiin aan kaliya Kanaadiyiinta Dhaxaha Ingiriiska.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Afaraad iyo hadda waxa uu ugu weyn ayaa laga soo saaray qaranka badan oo badan oo ay badan yihiin Yurub. Waxaa ka dhacay ilaa 1897 ilaa 1929, iyadoo joojin (1914\\u201422) xilligii iyo kadib Dagaalkii Aduunka Koow \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/first-world-war-wwi\\u0022\\u003Eaad\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Kala dalka, oo laga soo saaray gobolada kale ee Canada iyo ka socda Yurub iyo meel kale, ayaa bilaabatay dambe sanadkii 1940-kii. Waxay soo dhaafay 1960kii. Wararka lixaad oo bilaabatay sanadkii 1970kii, ayaa gaar ahaan ku soo jeediyey dadweynaha koonfurta. Waxaa sii socoday, iyadoo isugu jira, ilaa hadda. Dhan qarnihii la soo dhaafay, gobolka ayaa sidoo kale deegaanka ku waayay dadka deegaanka, iyadoo ka dhacay tahriirada qeybo kale ee dalka Canada, Mareykanka, iyo meel kale. \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022prairiesogalbeed\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022so\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-18T17:47:41.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-18T17:47:41.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e3e3906-ed26-49d9-9d9e-1080b33601b2\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022History of Settlement in the Canadian Prairies [Kasaysayan ng Pagtatrahan sa Canadian Prairies]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022Ang mga Prairies ng Canadian ay nabubuo sa anim na dakilang alon ng paglipat, na umaabot mula sa pa \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/migration\\u0022\\u003Eunang\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E kasaysayan hanggang sa kasaluku \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prehistory\\u0022\\u003Eyan\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Ang paglipat mula sa Asya, mga 13,300 taon na ang nakalilipas, ay gumawa ng \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003Eisang katutubong popul\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E asyon na 20,000 hanggang 50,000 noong mga 1640. Sa pagitan ng 1640 at 1840, maraming libong mga mangangalakal ng balahibo sa Europa at \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/timeline\\\/the-fur-trade\\u0022\\u003ECanada ang dumating\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, na sinundan ng ilang daang mga \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003Eimigrante sa Britanya\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Lumikha sila ng dose-dosenang maliliit na mga outpost at isang pamayanan sa \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/red-river-colony\\u0022\\u003ERed River Colony\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, kung saan ang \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/metis\\u0022\\u003EM\\u00e9tis\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E ay naging pinakamalaking bahagi ng populasyon. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/english\\u0022\\u003EAng ikatlong alon, mula 1840s hanggang 1890s, ay binubuo higit sa lahat ngunit hindi lamang ng mga Canadian ng pamana ng Britanya.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Ang ikaapat at sa kalagayan ang pinakamalaking alon ay ginuhit mula sa maraming mga bansa, karamihan sa Europa. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/first-world-war-wwi\\u0022\\u003ENangyari ito mula 1897 hanggang 1929, na may isang pahinto (1914\\u201422) sa panahon at pagkatapos ng Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Ang ikalimang alon, na nakuha mula sa iba pang mga lalawigan ng Canada at mula sa Europa at sa ibang lugar, ay nagsimula noong huling bahagi ng 1940s. Tumagal ito hanggang sa 1960. Ang ikaanim na alon, simula noong dekada 1970, lalo na umaabot sa mga tao sa timog hemisfera. Nagpatuloy ito, na may mga pagbabagu-bago, hanggang sa kasalukuyan. Sa buong huling siglo, ang rehiyon ay patuloy din na nawawalan ng mga residente, bilang resulta ng paglipat sa ibang bahagi ng Canada, patungo sa Estados Unidos, at sa ibang lugar. \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022prairietlkantluran\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022tl\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-18T17:46:59.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-18T17:46:59.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229daf8b64-ec74-4d21-bcbd-15e9654556d6\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022History of Settlement in the Canadian Prairies [\\u0406\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0456\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044f \\u0432 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0434\\u0441\\u044c\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0440\\u0456\\u044f\\u0445]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u041a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0434\\u0441\\u044c\\u043a\\u0456 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0440\\u0456\\u0457 \\u0431\\u0443\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0437\\u0430\\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0456 \\u0448\\u0456\\u0441\\u0442\\u044c\\u043c\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u0438\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0445\\u0432\\u0438\\u043b\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/migration\\u0022\\u003E\\u043c\\u0456\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0446\\u0456\\u0457\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\u0449\\u043e \\u043e\\u0445\\u043e\\u043f\\u043b\\u044e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0432\\u0456\\u0434 \\u0434\\u043e\\u0456\\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0456\\u0457 \\u0434\\u043e \\u0441\\u044c\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044f\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prehistory\\u0022\\u003E.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u041c\\u0456\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0446\\u0456\\u044f \\u0437 \\u0410\\u0437\\u0456\\u0457, \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0431\\u043b\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u043e 13 300 \\u0440\\u043e\\u043a\\u0456\\u0432 \\u0442\\u043e\\u043c\\u0443, \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0437\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0434\\u043e \\u0442\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e, \\u0449\\u043e \\u043a\\u043e \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u0440\\u0456\\u043d\\u043d\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044f \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u0438\\u043b\\u043e\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0432\\u0456\\u0434 20 000 \\u0434\\u043e 50 000 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0431\\u043b\\u0438\\u0437\\u043d\\u043e \\u0434\\u043e 1640 \\u0440\\u043e\\u043a\\u0443. \\u041c\\u0456\\u0436 1640 \\u0456 1840 \\u0440\\u043e\\u043a\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438 \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0431\\u0443\\u043b\\u043e \\u043a\\u0456\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0442\\u0438\\u0441\\u044f\\u0447 \\u0454\\u0432\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u0435\\u0439\\u0441\\u044c\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0442\\u0430 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0434\\u0441\\u044c\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u0433\\u043e\\u0432\\u0446\\u0456\\u0432 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/timeline\\\/the-fur-trade\\u0022\\u003E\\u0445\\u0443\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043c, \\u0430\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0437\\u0430 \\u043d\\u0438\\u043c\\u0438 \\u043a\\u0456\\u043b\\u044c\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0441\\u043e\\u0442\\u0435\\u043d\\u044c \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u044c\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003E\\u0456\\u043c\\u043c\\u0456\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043d\\u0442\\u0456\\u0432\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. \\u0412\\u043e\\u043d\\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u043e\\u0440\\u0438\\u043b\\u0438 \\u0434\\u0435\\u0441\\u044f\\u0442\\u043a\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u0444\\u043e\\u0440\\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0456\\u0432 \\u0456 \\u043f\\u043e\\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044f \\u0432 \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/red-river-colony\\u0022\\u003E\\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u043e\\u043d\\u0456\\u0457 \\u0427\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u043e\\u043d\\u043e\\u0457 \\u0440\\u0456\\u0447\\u043a\\u0438\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/metis\\u0022\\u003E\\u0434\\u0435 \\u041c\\u0435\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0442\\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043b\\u0438 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0439\\u0431\\u0456\\u043b\\u044c\\u0448\\u043e\\u044e \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043d\\u043e\\u044e \\u043d\\u0430\\u0441\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u044f. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/english\\u0022\\u003E\\u0422\\u0440\\u0435\\u0442\\u044f \\u0445\\u0432\\u0438\\u043b\\u044f, \\u0437 1840 -\\u0445 \\u0434\\u043e 1890 -\\u0445 \\u0440\\u043e\\u043a\\u0456\\u0432, \\u0441\\u043a\\u043b\\u0430\\u0434\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u044f \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0432\\u0430\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e, \\u0430\\u043b\\u0435 \\u043d\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0438\\u043a\\u043b\\u044e\\u0447\\u043d\\u043e, \\u0437 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0434\\u0446\\u0456\\u0432 \\u0431\\u0440\\u0438\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u0441\\u044c\\u043a\\u043e\\u0457 \\u0441\\u043f\\u0430\\u0434\\u0449\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u0427\\u0435\\u0442\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0456, \\u0431\\u0435\\u0437\\u0443\\u043c\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u043e, \\u043d\\u0430\\u0439\\u0431\\u0456\\u043b\\u044c\\u0448\\u0430 \\u0445\\u0432\\u0438\\u043b\\u044f \\u0431\\u0443\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0432\\u0437\\u044f\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0437 \\u0431\\u0430\\u0433\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c\\u043e\\u0445 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u0456\\u0432, \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0432\\u0430\\u0436\\u043d\\u043e \\u0454\\u0432\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u0435\\u0439\\u0441\\u044c\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/first-world-war-wwi\\u0022\\u003E\\u0426\\u0435 \\u0432\\u0456\\u0434\\u0431\\u0443\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e\\u0441\\u044f \\u0437 1897 \\u043f\\u043e 1929 \\u0440\\u0456\\u043a, \\u0437 \\u043f\\u0430\\u0443\\u0437\\u043e\\u044e (1914\\u201422) \\u043f\\u0456\\u0434 \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441 \\u0456 \\u043f\\u0456\\u0441\\u043b\\u044f \\u041f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0448\\u043e\\u0457 \\u0441\\u0432\\u0456\\u0442\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0457 \\u0432\\u0456\\u0439\\u043d\\u0438.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u041f\\u0026#39;\\u044f\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0445\\u0432\\u0438\\u043b\\u044f, \\u043e\\u0442\\u0440\\u0438\\u043c\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430 \\u0437 \\u0456\\u043d\\u0448\\u0438\\u0445 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0434\\u0441\\u044c\\u043a\\u0438\\u0445 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0456\\u043d\\u0446\\u0456\\u0439, \\u0437 \\u0404\\u0432\\u0440\\u043e\\u043f\\u0438 \\u0442\\u0430 \\u0456\\u043d\\u0448\\u0438\\u0445 \\u043a\\u0440\\u0430\\u0457\\u043d, \\u043f\\u043e\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u044f \\u043d\\u0430\\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043a\\u0456\\u043d\\u0446\\u0456 1940 -\\u0445 \\u0440\\u043e\\u043a\\u0456\\u0432. \\u0426\\u0435 \\u0442\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e \\u0434\\u043e 1960-\\u0445 \\u0440\\u043e\\u043a\\u0456\\u0432. \\u0428\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0445\\u0432\\u0438\\u043b\\u044f, \\u0449\\u043e \\u043f\\u043e\\u0447\\u0430\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u044f \\u0432 1970-\\u0445 \\u0440\\u043e\\u043a\\u0430\\u0445, \\u043e\\u0441\\u043e\\u0431\\u043b\\u0438\\u0432\\u043e \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0435\\u0440\\u043d\\u0443\\u043b\\u0430 \\u0443\\u0432\\u0430\\u0433\\u0443 \\u043d\\u0430\\u0440\\u043e\\u0434\\u0456\\u0432 \\u043f\\u0456\\u0432\\u0434\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0457 \\u043f\\u0456\\u0432\\u043a\\u0443\\u043b\\u0456. \\u0426\\u0435 \\u0442\\u0440\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u043b\\u043e, \\u0437 \\u043a\\u043e\\u043b\\u0438\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u044f\\u043c\\u0438, \\u0434\\u043e \\u0442\\u0435\\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0456\\u0448\\u043d\\u044c\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0443. \\u041f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0442\\u044f\\u0433\\u043e\\u043c \\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u044c\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0441\\u0442\\u043e\\u043b\\u0456\\u0442\\u0442\\u044f \\u0440\\u0435\\u0433\\u0456\\u043e\\u043d \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u0436 \\u043d\\u0435\\u0443\\u0445\\u0438\\u043b\\u044c\\u043d\\u043e \\u0432\\u0442\\u0440\\u0430\\u0447\\u0430\\u0432 \\u0436\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u0456\\u0432, \\u0432\\u043d\\u0430\\u0441\\u043b\\u0456\\u0434\\u043e\\u043a \\u043c\\u0456\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u0446\\u0456\\u0457 \\u0432 \\u0456\\u043d\\u0448\\u0456 \\u0447\\u0430\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043d\\u0438 \\u041a\\u0430\\u043d\\u0430\\u0434\\u0438, \\u0432 \\u0421\\u0428\\u0410 \\u0442\\u0430 \\u0456\\u043d\\u0448\\u0456 \\u043c\\u0456\\u0441\\u0446\\u044f. \u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022preriiaukzaxid\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022uk\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:3,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-09T19:33:54.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-09T19:33:54.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e23ff1d-dfd8-414f-b850-05cd151b77d0\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002279376\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022History of Settlement in the Canadian Prairies [\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u5927\\u8349\\u539f\\u5b9a\\u5c45\\u53f2]\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u4ece\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prehistory\\u0022\\u003E\\u53f2\\u524d\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u5230\\u73b0\\u5728\\uff0c\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u5927\\u8349\\u539f\\u7ecf\\u5386\\u4e86\\u516d\\u6b21\\u5927\\u89c4\\u6a21\\u7684\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/migration\\u0022\\u003E\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u6d6a\\u6f6e\\u3002\\u5927\\u7ea6\\u572813,300\\u5e74\\u524d\\uff0c\\u6765\\u81ea\\u4e9a\\u6d32\\u7684\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u52301640\\u5e74\\u5de6\\u53f3\\u4f7f\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people\\u0022\\u003E\\u571f\\u8457\\u4eba\\u53e3\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u8fbe\\u52302\\u4e07\\u81f35\\u4e07\\u4eba\\u3002\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003E1640\\u5e74\\u81f31840\\u5e74\\u95f4\\uff0c\\u6570\\u5343\\u540d\\u6b27\\u6d32\\u548c\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u7684\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/timeline\\\/the-fur-trade\\u0022\\u003E\\u76ae\\u8349\\u5546\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u4eba\\u62b5\\u8fbe\\uff0c\\u968f\\u540e\\u662f\\u6570\\u767e\\u540d\\u82f1\\u56fd\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u3002\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u4ed6\\u4eec\\u5728\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/red-river-colony\\u0022\\u003E\\u7ea2\\u6cb3\\u6b96\\u6c11\\u5730\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u5efa\\u9020\\u4e86\\u6570\\u5341\\u4e2a\\u5c0f\\u578b\\u524d\\u54e8\\u57fa\\u5730\\u548c\\u5b9a\\u5c45\\u70b9\\uff0c\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/metis\\u0022\\u003E\\u6885\\u8482\\u65af\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u4eba\\u6210\\u4e3a\\u90a3\\u91cc\\u4eba\\u53e3\\u7684\\u6700\\u5927\\u6bd4\\u4f8b\\u3002\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/english\\u0022\\u003E\\u4ece 19 \\u4e16\\u7eaa 40 \\u5e74\\u4ee3\\u5230 19 \\u4e16\\u7eaa 90 \\u5e74\\u4ee3\\uff0c\\u7b2c\\u4e09\\u6ce2\\u6d6a\\u6f6e\\u4e3b\\u8981\\u7531\\u5177\\u6709\\u82f1\\u56fd\\u8840\\u7edf\\u7684\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u4eba\\u7ec4\\u6210\\uff0c\\u4f46\\u4e0d\\u53ea\\u662f\\u5982\\u6b64\\u3002\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u7b2c\\u56db\\u6ce2\\u4e5f\\u662f\\u8fc4\\u4eca\\u4e3a\\u6b62\\u6700\\u5927\\u7684\\u6d6a\\u6f6e\\u6765\\u81ea\\u8bb8\\u591a\\u56fd\\u5bb6\\uff0c\\u4e3b\\u8981\\u662f\\u6b27\\u6d32\\u56fd\\u5bb6\\u3002\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/first-world-war-wwi\\u0022\\u003E\\u5b83\\u53d1\\u751f\\u57281897\\u5e74\\u81f31929\\u5e74\\uff0c\\u5728\\u7b2c\\u4e00\\u6b21\\u4e16\\u754c\\u5927\\u6218\\u671f\\u95f4\\u548c\\u4e4b\\u540e\\u66fe\\u6682\\u505c\\uff081914\\u201422\\u5e74\\uff09\\u3002\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u7b2c\\u4e94\\u6ce2\\u6d6a\\u6f6e\\u59cb\\u4e8e20\\u4e16\\u7eaa40\\u5e74\\u4ee3\\u672b\\uff0c\\u6765\\u81ea\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u5176\\u4ed6\\u7701\\u4efd\\u4ee5\\u53ca\\u6b27\\u6d32\\u548c\\u5176\\u4ed6\\u5730\\u65b9\\u3002\\u5b83\\u4e00\\u76f4\\u6301\\u7eed\\u52301960\\u5e74\\u4ee3\\u3002\\u7b2c\\u516d\\u6ce2\\u6d6a\\u6f6e\\u59cb\\u4e8e1970\\u5e74\\u4ee3\\uff0c\\u7279\\u522b\\u5438\\u5f15\\u4e86\\u5357\\u534a\\u7403\\u7684\\u4eba\\u6c11\\u3002\\u5b83\\u4e00\\u76f4\\u6301\\u7eed\\u5230\\u73b0\\u5728\\uff0c\\u4f46\\u6ce2\\u52a8\\u4e0d\\u5b9a\\u3002\\u5728\\u6574\\u4e2a\\u4e0a\\u4e2a\\u4e16\\u7eaa\\uff0c\\u7531\\u4e8e\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u5230\\u52a0\\u62ff\\u5927\\u5176\\u4ed6\\u5730\\u533a\\u3001\\u7f8e\\u56fd\\u548c\\u5176\\u4ed6\\u5730\\u65b9\\uff0c\\u8be5\\u5730\\u533a\\u7684\\u5c45\\u6c11\\u4e5f\\u5728\\u7a33\\u6b65\\u6d41\\u5931\\u3002\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022zh\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-05T16:53:31.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-05T16:53:31.000000Z\u0022}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002283409\u0022,\u0022author_text\u0022:\u0022David J. Hall\u0022,\u0022revisor\u0022:\u0022Tabitha Marshall, Andrew McIntosh\u0022,\u0022major_update\u0022:null,\u0022trigger_warning\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022shares\u0022:0,\u0022type\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022itunes_songs\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022itunes_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_en\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022indigo_title_fr\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222008-01-23T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222021-04-12T16:19:33.000000Z\u0022,\u0022deleted_at\u0022:null,\u0022link\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/sir-clifford-sifton\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Clifford Sifton\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022sir-clifford-sifton\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ESir Clifford Sifton, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/privy-council\\\/\\u0022\\u003EPC\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, KCMG, KC, lawyer, politician, businessman (born 10 March 1861 near Arva, Canada West; died 17 April 1929 in New York City, New York). Sir\\r\\n\\tClifford Sifton was one of the ablest politicians of his time. He is best known for his aggressive promotion of \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eimmigration\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E to settle the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prairie-west\\\/\\u0022\\u003EPrairie West\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\r\\n\\tUnder his leadership, immigration to Canada increased significantly; from 16,835 per year in 1896 to 141,465 in 1905. A \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/liberal-party\\u0022\\u003ELiberal\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E politician of considerable influence and vision,\\r\\n\\the was also a controversial figure. Sifton promoted a single \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/education\\u0022\\u003Eeducation\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E system and opposed the public funding of denominational schools, largely disregarding the concerns of French\\r\\n\\t\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/catholicism\\u0022\\u003ECatholics\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. He also showed little interest in the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people-plains\\u0022\\u003EIndigenous peoples of the Prairies\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E; he oversaw\\r\\n\\tcuts to \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people-education\\\/\\u0022\\u003EIndigenous education\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E and approved \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/treaty-8\\\/\\u0022\\u003ETreaty 8\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. His brother, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/arthur-lewis-sifton\\\/\\u0022\\u003EArthur Lewis Sifton\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E,\\r\\n\\twas \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/premiers-of-alberta\\\/\\u0022\\u003Epremier of Alberta\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E from 1910 to 1917.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022This article is currently being translated. It will be available shortly. Please check back at a later date or add it to your saved articles.\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022b8e43707-1dbc-4a3f-85dd-62662d61861c\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002283409\u0022},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022c9789fb5-0c4e-48e6-9fc3-72a821bf1bf0\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002283409\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Clifford Sifton\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ESir Clifford Sifton, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/privy-council\\\/\\u0022\\u003EPC\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, KCMG, KC, lawyer, politician, businessman (born 10 March 1861 near Arva, Canada West; died 17 April 1929 in New York City, New York). Sir\\r\\n\\tClifford Sifton was one of the ablest politicians of his time. He is best known for his aggressive promotion of \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eimmigration\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E to settle the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prairie-west\\\/\\u0022\\u003EPrairie West\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E.\\r\\n\\tUnder his leadership, immigration to Canada increased significantly; from 16,835 per year in 1896 to 141,465 in 1905. A \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/liberal-party\\u0022\\u003ELiberal\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E politician of considerable influence and vision,\\r\\n\\the was also a controversial figure. Sifton promoted a single \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/education\\u0022\\u003Eeducation\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E system and opposed the public funding of denominational schools, largely disregarding the concerns of French\\r\\n\\t\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/catholicism\\u0022\\u003ECatholics\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. He also showed little interest in the \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people-plains\\u0022\\u003EIndigenous peoples of the Prairies\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E; he oversaw\\r\\n\\tcuts to \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people-education\\\/\\u0022\\u003EIndigenous education\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E and approved \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/treaty-8\\\/\\u0022\\u003ETreaty 8\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. His brother, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/arthur-lewis-sifton\\\/\\u0022\\u003EArthur Lewis Sifton\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E,\\r\\n\\twas \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/premiers-of-alberta\\\/\\u0022\\u003Epremier of Alberta\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E from 1910 to 1917.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022sir-clifford-sifton\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222008-01-23T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222021-04-12T16:19:33.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002271e44983-8483-4881-ae27-1d5ab9851be8\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002283409\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Clifford Sifton\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ESir Clifford Sifton,\\u00a0\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/privy-council\\\/\\u0022\\u003ECP\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, chevalier de l\\u2019Ordre de Saint-Michel et Saint-Georges, CR, avocat, personnage politique, homme d\\u2019affaires (n\\u00e9 le 10 mars 1861 pr\\u00e8s d\\u2019Arva, dans le\\u00a0\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/canada-west\\\/\\u0022\\u003ECanada-Ouest\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E; d\\u00e9c\\u00e9d\\u00e9 le 17 avril 1929 \\u00e0 New York). L\\u2019un des hommes politiques les plus remarquables de son temps, Clifford Sifton est surtout connu pour son importante promotion de l\\u2019\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/immigration\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eimmigration\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, visant \\u00e0 coloniser les\\u00a0\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/prairie-west\\\/\\u0022\\u003EPrairies occidentales\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. Sous sa gestion, l\\u2019immigration au Canada a consid\\u00e9rablement augment\\u00e9, passant de 16 835 habitants en 1896 \\u00e0 141 465 habitants en 1905. Homme politique lib\\u00e9ral d\\u2019une influence consid\\u00e9rable et \\u00e0 la fois visionnaire, il est aussi une figure controvers\\u00e9e. Clifford Sifton d\\u00e9fend un syst\\u00e8me scolaire unique et s\\u2019oppose au financement public des \\u00e9coles confessionnelles, \\u00e9cartant les principales pr\\u00e9occupations des catholiques francophones. Son fr\\u00e8re,\\u00a0\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/arthur-lewis-sifton\\\/\\u0022\\u003EArthur Lewis Sifton\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, est le\\u00a0\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/premiers-of-alberta\\\/\\u0022\\u003Epremier ministre de l\\u2019Alberta\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u00a0de 1910 \\u00e0 1917.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022sifton-sir-clifford\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:false,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:0,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222008-01-23T00:00:00.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222021-04-12T16:19:33.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229dbd9b62-a53d-4118-b661-99f351b53d84\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002283409\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Clifford Sifton\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ESir Clifford Sifton, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/privy-council\\\/\\u0022\\u003EPC\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, KCMG, KC, avoka, politisyen, biznisman (f\\u00e8t 10 mas 1861 tou pre Arva, Kanada West; mouri 17 avril 1929 nan vil New York, New York). Sir \\r\\n Clifford Sifton se te youn nan politisyen yo ablest nan tan li. Li se pi byen li te ye pou pwomosyon agresif \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eli nan imigr\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E asyon rezoud \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prairie-west\\\/\\u0022\\u003EPrairie West\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E la. \\r\\nAnba lid\\u00e8chip li, imigrasyon nan Kanada ogmante siyifikativman; soti nan 16,835 pou chak ane nan 1896 a 141,465 nan 1905. Yon politi \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/liberal-party\\u0022\\u003Esyen Liberal\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E nan enfliyans konsiderab ak vizyon, \\r\\n li te tou yon figi kontwov\\u00e8syal. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/catholicism\\u0022\\u003ESifton ankouraje yon sist\\u00e8m \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/education\\u0022\\u003Eedi\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E kasyon s\\u00e8l epi li te opoze finansman piblik la nan lek\\u00f2l denominasyon\\u00e8l, lajman mezi enkyetid yo nan katolik franse. \\r\\n\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/treaty-8\\\/\\u0022\\u003ELi te montre tou ti enter\\u00e8 nan p\\u00e8p Endij\\u00e8n \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people-plains\\u0022\\u003Eyo nan Prairies\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E yo; li te sip\\u00e8vize koupe nan edikasyon En \\r\\n dij\\u00e8n ak ap \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people-education\\\/\\u0022\\u003Ewouve Tre\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E te 8.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Fr\\u00e8 l \\u0026#39;yo, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/arthur-lewis-sifton\\\/\\u0022\\u003EArthur Lewis Sifton\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, te pre \\r\\n mye minis \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/premiers-of-alberta\\\/\\u0022\\u003Enan Alberta soti nan\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E 1910 rive 1917.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022sirhtcliffordhtsifhton\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ht\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-16T19:20:13.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-16T19:20:13.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229db49c74-0c61-4d4c-8a1c-41b645172a30\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002283409\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022\\u30b5\\u30fc\\u30fb\\u30af\\u30ea\\u30d5\\u30a9\\u30fc\\u30c9\\u30fb\\u30b7\\u30d5\\u30c8\\u30f3\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u30b5\\u30fc\\u30fb\\u30af\\u30ea\\u30d5\\u30a9\\u30fc\\u30c9\\u30fb\\u30b7\\u30d5\\u30c8\\u30f3\\u3001\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/privy-council\\\/\\u0022\\u003EPC\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u3001KCMG\\u3001KC\\u3001\\u5f01\\u8b77\\u58eb\\u3001\\u653f\\u6cbb\\u5bb6\\u3001\\u5b9f\\u696d\\u5bb6\\uff081861\\u5e743\\u670810\\u65e5\\u3001\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u897f\\u90e8\\u306e\\u30a2\\u30fc\\u30d0\\u8fd1\\u90ca\\u3067\\u751f\\u307e\\u308c\\u30011929\\u5e744\\u670817\\u65e5\\u306b\\u30cb\\u30e5\\u30fc\\u30e8\\u30fc\\u30af\\u5dde\\u30cb\\u30e5\\u30fc\\u30e8\\u30fc\\u30af\\u5e02\\u3067\\u6b7b\\u53bb\\uff09\\u3002\\u30b5\\u30fc\\u30fb\\u30af\\u30ea\\u30d5\\u30a9\\u30fc\\u30c9\\u30fb\\u30b7\\u30d5\\u30c8\\u30f3\\u306f\\r\\n\\u3001\\u5f53\\u6642\\u6700\\u3082\\u6709\\u80fd\\u306a\\u653f\\u6cbb\\u5bb6\\u306e\\u4e00\\u4eba\\u3067\\u3057\\u305f\\u3002\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prairie-west\\\/\\u0022\\u003E\\u5f7c\\u304c\\u6700\\u3082\\u3088\\u304f\\u77e5\\u3089\\u308c\\u3066\\u3044\\u308b\\u306e\\u306f\\u3001\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\\/\\u0022\\u003E\\u30d7\\u30ec\\u30fc\\u30ea\\u30fc\\u30fb\\u30a6\\u30a7\\u30b9\\u30c8\\u306b\\u5b9a\\u4f4f\\u3059\\u308b\\u305f\\u3081\\u306b\\u7a4d\\u6975\\u7684\\u306b\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u3092\\u63a8\\u9032\\u3057\\u305f\\u3053\\u3068\\u3067\\u3059\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u3002\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\r\\n\\u5f7c\\u306e\\u6307\\u5c0e\\u306e\\u4e0b\\u3001\\u30ab\\u30ca\\u30c0\\u3078\\u306e\\u79fb\\u6c11\\u306f1896\\u5e74\\u306e\\u5e74\\u959316,835\\u4eba\\u304b\\u30891905\\u5e74\\u306b\\u306f141,465\\u4eba\\u306b\\u5927\\u5e45\\u306b\\u5897\\u52a0\\u3057\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u3002\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/liberal-party\\u0022\\u003E\\u5f7c\\u306f\\u5927\\u304d\\u306a\\u5f71\\u97ff\\u529b\\u3068\\u30d3\\u30b8\\u30e7\\u30f3\\u3092\\u6301\\u3063\\u305f\\u81ea\\u7531\\u515a\\u306e\\u653f\\u6cbb\\u5bb6\\u3067\\u3042\\u308a\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u3001\\u7269\\u8b70\\u3092\\u91b8\\u3057\\u305f\\u4eba\\u7269\\u3067\\u3082\\u3042\\u308a\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u3002\\r\\n\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/education\\u0022\\u003E\\u30b7\\u30d5\\u30c8\\u30f3\\u306f\\u5358\\u4e00\\u6559\\u80b2\\u5236\\u5ea6\\u3092\\u63a8\\u9032\\u3057\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/catholicism\\u0022\\u003E\\u3001\\u6559\\u6d3e\\u5236\\u306e\\u5b66\\u6821\\u3078\\u306e\\u516c\\u7684\\u8cc7\\u91d1\\u63d0\\u4f9b\\u306b\\u53cd\\u5bfe\\u3057\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u3002\\u30d5\\u30e9\\u30f3\\u30b9\\u306e\\u30ab\\u30c8\\u30ea\\u30c3\\u30af\\u6559\\u5f92\\u306e\\u61f8\\u5ff5\\u306f\\u307b\\u3068\\u3093\\u3069\\u7121\\u8996\\u3057\\u3066\\u3044\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u3002\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people-education\\\/\\u0022\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/treaty-8\\\/\\u0022\\u003E\\u307e\\u305f\\u3001\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people-plains\\u0022\\u003E\\u5927\\u8349\\u539f\\u306e\\u5148\\u4f4f\\u6c11\\u65cf\\u306b\\u306f\\u307b\\u3068\\u3093\\u3069\\u95a2\\u5fc3\\u3092\\u793a\\u3055\\u306a\\u304b\\u3063\\u305f\\u3002\\u5f7c\\u306f\\u5148\\u4f4f\\u6c11\\u6559\\u80b2\\u306e\\u524a\\u6e1b\\u3092\\u76e3\\u7763\\u3057\\u3001\\u7b2c8\\u6761\\u3092\\u627f\\u8a8d\\u3057\\u305f\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u3002\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/arthur-lewis-sifton\\\/\\u0022\\u003E\\u5f7c\\u306e\\u5f1f\\u3067\\u3042\\u308b\\u30a2\\u30fc\\u30b5\\u30fc\\u30fb\\u30eb\\u30a4\\u30b9\\u30fb\\u30b7\\u30d5\\u30c8\\u30f3\\u306f\\u30011910\\u5e74\\u304b\\u30891917\\u5e74\\u307e\\u3067\\u30a2\\u30eb\\u30d0\\u30fc\\u30bf\\u5dde\\u306e\\u9996\\u76f8\\u3092\\u52d9\\u3081\\u307e\\u3057\\u305f\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/premiers-of-alberta\\\/\\u0022\\u003E\\u3002\\r\\n\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022ja\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T08:00:45.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-12T08:00:45.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229dbd9bac-38d4-46ce-bcc7-0b6adf324685\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002283409\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Clifford Sifton\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ESir Clifford Sifton, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/privy-council\\\/\\u0022\\u003EPC\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, KCMG, KC, advogado, pol\\u00edtico, empres\\u00e1rio (nascido em 10 de mar\\u00e7o de 1861 perto de Arva, Canad\\u00e1 Oeste; morreu em 17 de abril de 1929 na cidade de Nova York, Nova York). Sir \\r\\n Clifford Sifton foi um dos pol\\u00edticos mais h\\u00e1beis de sua \\u00e9poca. Ele \\u00e9 mais conhecido por sua promo\\u00e7\\u00e3o agressiva da \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eimigra\\u00e7\\u00e3o\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E para colonizar a \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prairie-west\\\/\\u0022\\u003EPrairie West\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. \\r\\nSob sua lideran\\u00e7a, a imigra\\u00e7\\u00e3o para o Canad\\u00e1 aumentou significativamente; de 16.835 por ano em 1896 para 141.465 em 1905. Pol\\u00edtico \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/liberal-party\\u0022\\u003Eliberal\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E de consider\\u00e1vel influ\\u00eancia e vis\\u00e3o, \\r\\n ele tamb\\u00e9m foi uma figura controversa. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/catholicism\\u0022\\u003ESifton promoveu um sistema \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/education\\u0022\\u003Eeducacional\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u00fanico e se op\\u00f4s ao financiamento p\\u00fablico de escolas denominacionais, ignorando amplamente as preocupa\\u00e7\\u00f5es dos cat\\u00f3licos franceses. \\r\\n\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Ele tamb\\u00e9m demonstrou pouco interesse pelos \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people-plains\\u0022\\u003Epovos ind\\u00edgenas das pradarias\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E; supervisionou \\r\\n cortes na \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people-education\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eeduca\\u00e7\\u00e3o ind\\u00edgena\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E e aprovou o \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/treaty-8\\\/\\u0022\\u003ETratado\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E 8. Seu irm\\u00e3o, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/arthur-lewis-sifton\\\/\\u0022\\u003EArthur Lewis Sifton\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\r\\n foi \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/premiers-of-alberta\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eprimeiro-ministro de Alberta de\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E 1910 a 1917.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022senhorptcliffordptsifpton\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022pt\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-16T19:21:01.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222024-12-16T19:21:01.000000Z\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00229e242d74-3d79-4685-9d58-bc0ae076c541\u0022,\u0022article_id\u0022:\u002283409\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Clifford Sifton\u0022,\u0022summary\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ESir Clifford Sifton, \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/privy-council\\\/\\u0022\\u003EPC\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, KCMG, KC, abogado, politiko, negosyante (ipinanganak 10 Marso 1861 malapit sa Arva, Canada West; namatay noong 17 Abril 1929 sa Lungsod ng New York, New York). Si Sir \\r\\n Clifford Sifton ay isa sa mga pinakamataas na pulitiko sa kanyang panahon. Kilala siya sa kanyang agresibong promosyon ng \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eimigrasyon upang\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E manirahan ang \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/prairie-west\\\/\\u0022\\u003EPrairie West\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E. \\r\\nSa ilalim ng kanyang pamumuno, ang imigrasyon sa Canada ay tumaas nang malaki; mula 16,835 bawat taon noong 1896 hanggang 141,465 noong 1905. Isang \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/liberal-party\\u0022\\u003ELiberal\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E na politiko na may malaking impluwensya at pangit \\r\\n ain, siya rin ay isang kontrobersyal na pigura. \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/catholicism\\u0022\\u003EIsinulong ni Sifton ang isang solong sistema ng \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/education\\u0022\\u003Eedukasyon at su\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E masalungat sa pampublikong pagpopondo ng mga paaralan ng denominasyonal, na higit na binabanggit ang mga alalahanin ng mga Pranses \\r\\n\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/treaty-8\\\/\\u0022\\u003ENagpakita rin siya ng kaunting interes sa mga katutubong \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people-plains\\u0022\\u003Etao ng Prairies\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E; pinangangasiwaan niya ang mga pagbawas sa \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/aboriginal-people-education\\\/\\u0022\\u003Eedukasyon ng Katut \\r\\n ubo at inaprubahan ang\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Treaty 8.\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E Ang kanyang kapatid na \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/arthur-lewis-sifton\\\/\\u0022\\u003Esi Arthur Lewis Sifton\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E, \\r\\n ay \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/premiers-of-alberta\\\/\\u0022\\u003Epremier ng Alberta mula\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E 1910 hanggang 1917.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022slug\u0022:\u0022sirtlctlipfordtlsiftlon\u0022,\u0022alt_slug\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022twitter_summary\u0022:null,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022tl\u0022,\u0022automated\u0022:true,\u0022hidden\u0022:0,\u0022views\u0022:1,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-05T19:03:06.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222025-02-05T19:03:06.000000Z\u0022}]}],\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Former Minister Sifton Praises Immigration of \\u201cStalwart Peasants\\u201d\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/sir-clifford-sifton\\u0022\\u003ESir Clifford Sifton\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E was the federal minister of the interior and superintendent-general of Indian Affairs from 1896 until 1905. He initiated the program that raised the number of \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003Eimmigrants to Canada\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E from around 16,000 to more than 140,000 per year. He specifically sought Central and Eastern European farm families. In 1922, when asked about bringing so many non-British settlers to Canada, Sifton said, \\u201cI think a stalwart peasant in a sheep-skin coat, born on the soil, whose forefathers have been farmers for ten generations, with a stout wife and a half-dozen children, is good quality.\\u201d\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00223e227706-1dfe-4131-9dc6-f90642692840\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022b8e43707-1dbc-4a3f-85dd-62662d61861c\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Former Minister Sifton Praises Immigration of \\u201cStalwart Peasants\\u201d\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/sir-clifford-sifton\\u0022\\u003ESir Clifford Sifton\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E was the federal minister of the interior and superintendent-general of Indian Affairs from 1896 until 1905. He initiated the program that raised the number of \\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/en\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003Eimmigrants to Canada\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E from around 16,000 to more than 140,000 per year. He specifically sought Central and Eastern European farm families. In 1922, when asked about bringing so many non-British settlers to Canada, Sifton said, \\u201cI think a stalwart peasant in a sheep-skin coat, born on the soil, whose forefathers have been farmers for ten generations, with a stout wife and a half-dozen children, is good quality.\\u201d\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00222ffc8ecb-c604-4d90-9caf-0e362ca3ed83\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022b8e43707-1dbc-4a3f-85dd-62662d61861c\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022L\\u2019ancien ministre Clifford Sifton fait l\\u2019\\u00e9loge de l\\u2019immigration de \\u00ab robustes paysans \\u00bb\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003E\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/sir-clifford-sifton\\u0022\\u003ESir Clifford Sifton\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E est ministre f\\u00e9d\\u00e9ral de l\\u2019Int\\u00e9rieur et surintendant g\\u00e9n\\u00e9ral des Affaires indiennes de 1896 \\u00e0 1905. C\\u2019est lui qui lance le programme qui a fait passer le nombre d\\u2019\\u003Ca href=\\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca\\\/fr\\\/article\\\/immigration\\u0022\\u003Eimmigrants au Canada\\u003C\\\/a\\u003E d\\u2019environ 16\\u2009000 \\u00e0 plus de 140\\u2009000 par an. Il sollicite sp\\u00e9cifiquement des familles d\\u2019agriculteurs d\\u2019Europe centrale et orientale. En 1922, lorsqu\\u2019on lui demande pourquoi il a fait venir autant de colons non britanniques au Canada, Clifford Sifton d\\u00e9clare\\u0026nbsp;: \\u00ab\\u0026nbsp;Je pense que les paysans robustes, v\\u00eatus de manteaux de peau de mouton, n\\u00e9s de la terre, dont les anc\\u00eatres sont agriculteurs depuis dix g\\u00e9n\\u00e9rations, avec des femmes solides et une demi-douzaine d\\u2019enfants, \\u00e7a fait des citoyens de qualit\\u00e9.\\u0026nbsp;\\u00bb\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00225093\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/media\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u002253d34b2e-01bc-41b9-9770-72b430fceec7\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022jpg\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/jpeg\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:100000,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-07T22:54:33.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222013-10-21T13:24:14.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Clifford Sifton, politician\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Sir Clifford Sifton, politician\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022One of the ablest politicians of his time, Sifton is best known for his aggressive promotion of immigration to settle the West.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Library and Archives Canada\\\/PA-27943)\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/53d34b2e-01bc-41b9-9770-72b430fceec7.jpg\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/media\\\/53d34b2e-01bc-41b9-9770-72b430fceec7.jpg\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Library and Archives Canada\\\/PA-27943)\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u0022b8e43707-1dbc-4a3f-85dd-62662d61861c\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225093\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00223720b09e-7472-4dbd-8337-da67503888b0\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225093\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Clifford Sifton, politician\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Sir Clifford Sifton, politician\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022One of the ablest politicians of his time, Sifton is best known for his aggressive promotion of immigration to settle the West.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Library and Archives Canada\\\/PA-27943)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(courtesy Library and Archives Canada\\\/PA-27943)\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022e38c2e1e-9f46-4da8-b7ee-aa01c801da55\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00225093\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Sir Clifford Sifton, homme politique\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022Sir Clifford Sifton, homme politique\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022L\\u0027un des hommes politiciques les plus dou\\u00e9s de son \\u00e9poque, Sifton est renomm\\u00e9surtout pour avoir fait des efforts afin de favoriser l\\u0027immigration pour la colonisation de l\\u0027Ouest.\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:null,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(avec la permission des Biblioth\\u040fque et Archives Canada\\\/PA-27943)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(avec la permission des Biblioth\\u040fque et Archives Canada\\\/PA-27943)\u0022}]}]},{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022f9a15922-061d-47dd-b500-73a11009b08c\u0022,\u0022event_type\u0022:\u0022historical\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:null,\u0022start_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022end_era\u0022:\u0022ce\u0022,\u0022status\u0022:\u0022published\u0022,\u0022published_by_id\u0022:null,\u0022started_at\u0022:\u00221990-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022ended_at\u0022:\u00221990-03-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022published_at\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_from\u0022:null,\u0022schedule_until\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222020-07-10T22:14:51.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222020-07-10T22:14:51.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Golf Course Approved; Barricade Erected\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThe mayor of Oka gives the greenlight for the golf course construction. Soon after, the Mohawks of Kanesatake build a barricade on chemin de Milieu, a dirt road connecting to highway 344.\\u003Cbr\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null,\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022701a5770-bdac-4402-9f3a-400e0cf41a61\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022f9a15922-061d-47dd-b500-73a11009b08c\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Golf Course Approved; Barricade Erected\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EThe mayor of Oka gives the greenlight for the golf course construction. Soon after, the Mohawks of Kanesatake build a barricade on chemin de Milieu, a dirt road connecting to highway 344.\\u003Cbr\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null},{\u0022id\u0022:\u002231982f96-aa87-4490-8b5d-30af217cc530\u0022,\u0022timeline_event_id\u0022:\u0022f9a15922-061d-47dd-b500-73a11009b08c\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Terrain de golf approuv\\u00e9 : barricade \\u00e9rig\\u00e9e\u0022,\u0022body\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003ELe maire d\\u2019Oka donne le feu vert pour la construction du terrain de golf. Peu de temps apr\\u00e8s, les Mohawks de Kanesatake \\u00e9rigent une barricade sur le Chemin du Milieu, un chemin de terre qui relie la route 344.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003Cbr\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022date_label\u0022:null}],\u0022articles\u0022:[],\u0022media\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u00220020e68f-0f7f-4b80-979e-9d0970fd5fe4\u0022,\u0022disk\u0022:\u0022s3\u0022,\u0022directory\u0022:\u0022media\\\/new_article_images\\\/OkaCrisis\u0022,\u0022filename\u0022:\u00221990_C_16_31 (005)\u0022,\u0022extension\u0022:\u0022jpg\u0022,\u0022mime_type\u0022:\u0022image\\\/jpeg\u0022,\u0022aggregate_type\u0022:\u0022image\u0022,\u0022size\u0022:1120761,\u0022variant_name\u0022:null,\u0022original_media_id\u0022:null,\u0022created_at\u0022:\u00222020-07-10T21:54:40.000000Z\u0022,\u0022updated_at\u0022:\u00222020-07-10T21:54:40.000000Z\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Barricade\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022barricade\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EA Photojournalist joins several Mohawk people on a barricade in the Pines, summer 1990.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(\\u00a9Robert J. Galbraith, courtesy Kanien\\u2019keh\\u00e1:ka Onkwaw\\u00e9n:na Raotiti\\u00f3hkwa Language and Cultural Center)\u0022,\u0022conversion_urls\u0022:{\u0022original\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/new_article_images\\\/OkaCrisis\\\/1990_C_16_31 (005).jpg\u0022},\u0022url\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net\\\/media\\\/new_article_images\\\/OkaCrisis\\\/1990_C_16_31 (005).jpg\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(\\u00a9Robert J. Galbraith, courtesy Kanien\\u2019keh\\u00e1:ka Onkwaw\\u00e9n:na Raotiti\\u00f3hkwa Language and Cultural Center)\u0022,\u0022pivot\u0022:{\u0022mediable_id\u0022:\u0022f9a15922-061d-47dd-b500-73a11009b08c\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00220020e68f-0f7f-4b80-979e-9d0970fd5fe4\u0022,\u0022mediable_type\u0022:\u0022App\\\\Models\\\\TimelineEvent\u0022,\u0022tag\u0022:\u0022feature\u0022,\u0022order\u0022:1},\u0022translations\u0022:[{\u0022id\u0022:\u0022b0880387-0ec1-4585-b1eb-afaa9a5ecc4a\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00220020e68f-0f7f-4b80-979e-9d0970fd5fe4\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Barricade\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022barricade\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EA Photojournalist joins several Mohawk people on a barricade in the Pines, summer 1990.\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(\\u00a9Robert J. Galbraith, courtesy Kanien\\u2019keh\\u00e1:ka Onkwaw\\u00e9n:na Raotiti\\u00f3hkwa Language and Cultural Center)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022en\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(\\u00a9Robert J. Galbraith, courtesy Kanien\\u2019keh\\u00e1:ka Onkwaw\\u00e9n:na Raotiti\\u00f3hkwa Language and Cultural Center)\u0022},{\u0022id\u0022:\u00221b49c981-6026-4743-a278-17a89263fc7c\u0022,\u0022media_id\u0022:\u00220020e68f-0f7f-4b80-979e-9d0970fd5fe4\u0022,\u0022title\u0022:\u0022Barricade\u0022,\u0022alt\u0022:\u0022barricade\u0022,\u0022caption\u0022:\u0022\\u003Cp\\u003EUn photojournaliste rejoint plusieurs Mohawks \\u00e0 une barricade dans les Pins, \\u00e9t\\u00e9 1990.\\u003Cbr\\u003E\\u003C\\\/p\\u003E\u0022,\u0022creator\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022source\u0022:\u0022(\\u00a9Robert J. Galbraith, avec la permission du Kanien\\u2019keh\\u00e1:ka Onkwaw\\u00e9n:na Raotiti\\u00f3hkwa Language and Cultural Center)\u0022,\u0022locale\u0022:\u0022fr\u0022,\u0022credit\u0022:\u0022(\\u00a9Robert J. Galbraith, avec la permission du Kanien\\u2019keh\\u00e1:ka Onkwaw\\u00e9n:na Raotiti\\u00f3hkwa Language and Cultural Center)\u0022}]}]}]')" /> </div> </div> </article> <article class="module module-template-block span-12 "> <div class="callout callout-split "> <div class="callout-split-img"> <img class="callout-img callout-img-lg" src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/720x439/media/quizzes/Queenston-Heights.jpg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="callout-split-desc"> <span class="g-category callout-cat text-xsmall">quiz</span> <h3 class="section-title"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/quiz/heritage-minutes"> Heritage Minutes </a> </h3> <div class="section-text"> <p>How well do you know the Heritage Minutes? Take this quiz to find out!</p> </div> <p class="b-link b-arrow">Take this Quiz</p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="module module-template-block span-12 even"> <div class="callout callout-split even "> <div class="callout-split-img"> <img class="callout-img callout-img-lg" src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/720x439/media/media/1354ebca-0c98-466e-88d2-cbb9b2cabab1.jpg" alt="Battle of Ridgeway" loading="lazy" /> </div> <div class="callout-split-desc"> <span class="g-category callout-cat text-xsmall">timeline</span> <h3 class="section-title"> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/fenian-raids"> Fenian Raids </a> </h3> <div class="section-text"> The Fenians were a secret society of Irish patriots who had emigrated from Ireland to the United States. Some North American members of this movement were intent on taking Canada by force and exchanging it with Britain for Irish independence. From 1866 to 1871 the Fenians launched a series of small, armed incursions of Canada, each of which was put down by government forces — at the cost of dozens killed and wounded on both sides. </div> <p class="b-link b-arrow">Explore the Timeline</p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="module module-template-content span-1 separator"> </article> <article class="module module-template-study-guide-banner span-8 "> <div class="callout callout--hasOverlay"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/950x579/media/study_guide_img/Fenian-thumb.jpg" data-scale="best-fill" data-align="center" alt="" class="scale callout-img callout-img-lg" > <div class="callout-overlay"> <div class="callout-overlay-content"> <span class="g-category callout-cat text-xsmall">Education Guide</span> <h3 class="callout-title">The Fenian Raids Education Guide</h3> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/studyguide/the-fenian-raids-education-guide" class="b b-md b-primary">View resource</a> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article class="module module-template-educator-resources-callout span-3 "> <div class="callout-learning"> <div class="callout-learning-info"> <i class="i i-educator"></i> <h2 class="callout-title">Educator Resources</h2> <span class="callout-subtitle">Find resources for teachers and students here.</span> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/educators" class="b b-md b-primary">Find resources</a> </div> </div> </article> <article class="module module-template-latest span-12 "> <div class="callouts-layout main-grid__content--full"> <h3 class="large callouts-layout__title">Latest</h3> <div class="callouts-layout__grid"> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/common-minke-whale" > Common Minke Whale </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Article</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/commonminkewhale/Minke-Whale-2.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="Underwater photograph of a minke whale." loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pauline-johnson-tekahionwake-plain-language-summary" > Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake) (Plain-Language Summary) </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Article</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/media/media/4c5ce9f8-0ef1-4a75-aa7a-f2f892483bde.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="Pauline Johnson" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-corps-of-guides" > Canadian Corps of Guides </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Article</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/Guides/Schwartz-Guides.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="Captain George Bryant Schwartz" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="callout-item"> <div class="callout-item__container"> <h6 class="callout-item__title"> <a class="callout-item__link" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadian-corps-cyclist-battalion" > Canadian Corps Cyclist Battalion </a> </h6> <span class="callout-item__category">Article</span> </div> <div class="image-container"> <img src="https://d14fiu1i7ba797.cloudfront.net/340x207/Cyclists-FWW/Cyclists-near-Ypres.jpg" class="image-container__image" alt="Members of the Canadian Corps Cyclist Battalion near Ypres" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </main> <footer id="footer"> <div class="full-width footer-first-part"> <div class="wrap--narrow"> <div class="footer-information grid--col2"> <div class="divider"> <h6>Updates? Omissions? Article suggestions?</h6> <a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/contact" class="b b-md b-primary">We want to hear from you</a> </div> <div> <h6>Did you like your experience?</h6> <a href="https://www.cognitoforms.com/HistoricaCanada1/TheCanadianEncyclopediaUserSurvey" target="_blank" class="b b-md b-primary">Take our survey</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="full-width full-width-grey footer-second-part"> <div class="wrap--narrow footer-sub-first"> <div class="footer-utilities"> <form class="newsletter" action="https://HistoricaCanada.us1.list-manage.com/subscribe/post" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="u" value="8b239f6d4c109489e40480d52"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="307fa49399"> <input type="hidden" style="display: none" name="MERGE1" id="MERGE1" value="a"> <input type="hidden" style="display: none" name="MERGE2" id="MERGE2" value="a"> <select type="hidden" style="display: none" class="select-small" id="MERGE17" name="MERGE17"> <option selected=true value="English | Anglais">English | Anglais</option> <option value="French | Français">French | Français</option> </select> <label for="MERGE0" class="newsletter__label">Subscribe to our newsletter</label> <div class="newsletter__container"> <input type="email" name="MERGE0" id="MERGE0" placeholder="Enter your email" class="newsletter__input"> <button class="newsletter__button b b-md b-primary">Subscribe</button> </div> </form> <div class="randomize-12"> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>62 640</b> images</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>25 564</b> articles</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>65</b> collections</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>4 172</b> primary sources</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>47</b> quizzes</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>74</b> timelines</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>84</b> studyguides</div> <div class="footer-articles-count randomBlock" style="display: none;">We have <b>5 176</b> authors</div> </div> <div class="footer-socials"> <h4 class="footer-socials__title">Follow us elsewhere</h4> <ul> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/HistoricaCanada" class="footer-social-twitter" target="_blank"><i class="i i-invert i-twitter" aria-label="X"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/TheCanadianEncyclopedia" class="footer-social-facebook" target="_blank"><i class="i i-invert i-facebook" aria-label="Facebook"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtagGjDO8X1rBROhmSQXZsA" class="footer-social-youtube" target="_blank"><i class="i i-invert i-youtube" aria-label="Youtube"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wrap--narrow container-grey top-divider-footerlinks footer-sub-second"> <ul class="footer-links"> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/contributors">Contribute</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/contact">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/privacy-policy">policies</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="wrap--narrow container-grey top-divider footer-sub-third"> <div class="footer-sitemap grid--col12"> <div class="footer-copyright"> <a href="/en/copyright">The Canadian Encyclopedia © 2025 <span class="copyright-separator-spacing">|</span> Historica Canada</a> </div> <div class="footer-canada-logos"> <ul> <li tabindex="0" class="footer-image-submenu"> <img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/historica-canada-logo.png?v=d8609094fb353837d01f458c7a6f905b" alt="Historica Canada" title="Historica Canada" loading="lazy"> <ul class="external_links"> <li><a href="https://www.historicacanada.ca/" target="_blank">Historica Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/en/quiz/cc-quiz-citizenship" target="_blank">Citizenship challenge</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historicacanada.ca/heritageminutes" target="_blank">Heritage minutes</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.thememoryproject.com/" target="_blank">The memory project</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://www.canada.ca/en.html" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/images/gov-canada.svg?v=fdda8701f4d83ce99144e160774c2965" alt="Funding by the gouvernment of Canada" title="Funding by the gouvernment of Canada" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="highlight-menu" style="display:none;"> <a href="#">Suggest an Edit</a> <div class="caret"></div> </div> <div id="overlayPopup"></div> <div id="definitionOverlayPopup"></div> <div id="overlay"></div> <div class="fullpageLoader"> <svg class="circular-loader" viewBox="25 25 50 50"> <circle class="loader-path" cx="50" cy="50" r="20" fill="none" stroke="#FFFFFF" stroke-width="4" /> </svg> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/js/manifest.js?v=069add80cc340895762d04c204a6279a"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/js/vendor.js?v=bad4c73f65ec1c7706543fa4a9ea4830"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/js/app.js?v=efc40233a3006944c927943e0b78a15c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/js/layout.js?v=beaebd25c9a5059050695d1edaf766de"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/js/header.js?v=dbec2b1321fb517fb2121c91c293125b"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/js/event-bus.js?v=5e4c1d3e6f42f0c3e6c9410dd9164894"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/js/image-scale.js?v=9c719b6e3da705632a5f6afd99100d6d"></script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/js/slider.js?v=82068eadbd2c2981294bd5b981ad9474"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/js/lazyload.min.js?v=c1238b309b71a0d2a1f46179635b599d"></script> <script> var myLazyLoad = new LazyLoad({ class_loading: "loading", class_loaded: "loaded" }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/js/search.js?v=c7c70246f5f7881af57df6d9ed1d3e16"></script> </body> </html>