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href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakta Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hj%C3%A4lp" title="Platsen där du hittar hjälp"><span>Hjälp</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img 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> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=R%C3%A4toromanska" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=R%C3%A4toromanska" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=R%C3%A4toromanska" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=R%C3%A4toromanska" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schweizisk_rätoromanska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schweizisk_rätoromanska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Schweizisk rätoromanska</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schweizisk_rätoromanska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Språkvarianter_och_skriftspråk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Språkvarianter_och_skriftspråk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Språkvarianter och skriftspråk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Språkvarianter_och_skriftspråk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Språkvarianter och skriftspråk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Språkvarianter_och_skriftspråk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sursilvan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sursilvan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sursilvan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sursilvan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sutsilvan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sutsilvan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sutsilvan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sutsilvan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surmiran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surmiran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Surmiran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surmiran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Puter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Puter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vallader" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vallader"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Vallader</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vallader-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rumantsch_grischun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rumantsch_grischun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Rumantsch grischun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rumantsch_grischun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Officiell_ställning_i_Schweiz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officiell_ställning_i_Schweiz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Officiell ställning i Schweiz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officiell_ställning_i_Schweiz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ljudsystem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ljudsystem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ljudsystem</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ljudsystem-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Ljudsystem</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ljudsystem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konsonanter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonanter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Konsonanter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonanter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vokaler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokaler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Vokaler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokaler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rätoromanska_i_populärkulturen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rätoromanska_i_populärkulturen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Rätoromanska i populärkulturen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rätoromanska_i_populärkulturen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rätoromanska</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 121 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-121" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">121 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romansch" title="Romansch – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Romansch" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4toromanische_Sprache" title="Rätoromanische Sprache – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Rätoromanische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AE%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%95%E1%88%BD" title="ሮማንሽ – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሮማንሽ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoromanisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Retoromanisc sprǣc – fornengelska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Retoromanisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornengelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الرومانشية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الرومانشية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_rumanche" title="Idioma rumanche – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma rumanche" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roumancho" title="Roumancho – frankoprovensalska" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Roumancho" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="frankoprovensalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanche" title="Romanche – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Romanche" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C3%A3che%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Romãcheñe'ẽ – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Romãcheñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C5%9F_dili" title="Romanş dili – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Romanş dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رومانش دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رومانش دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romansh-g%C3%AD" title="Romansh-gí – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Romansh-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Рэтараманская мова – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэтараманская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Рэтараманская мова – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэтараманская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Романшки език – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Романшки език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C5%A1" title="Romanš – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Romanš" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma%C3%B1cheg" title="Romañcheg – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Romañcheg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanx" title="Romanx – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Romanx" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9torom%C3%A1n%C5%A1tina" title="Rétorománština – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rétorománština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom%C3%A1nsh" title="Románsh – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Románsh" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A6toromansk_(sprog)" title="Rætoromansk (sprog) – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rætoromansk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorom%C3%A1nagiella" title="Retorománagiella – nordsamiska" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Retorománagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCndnerromanisch" title="Bündnerromanisch – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bündnerromanisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoroman%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Retoromanšćina – lågsorbiska" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Retoromanšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lågsorbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C5%A1i_keel" title="Romanši keel – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Romanši keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ρομανσική γλώσσα – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρομανσική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rum%C3%A0nc%27" title="Rumànc' – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Rumànc'" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Romansh language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanche" title="Romanche – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Romanche" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C4%89a_lingvo" title="Romanĉa lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Romanĉa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luenga_retu-rom%C3%A1nica" title="Luenga retu-románica – extremaduriska" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Luenga retu-románica" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremaduriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erromantxe" title="Erromantxe – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erromantxe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4" title="زبان رومانش – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان رومانش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romansh_bhasa" title="Romansh bhasa – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Romansh bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanche" title="Romanche – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Romanche" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_romanze" title="Lenghe romanze – friulianska" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe romanze" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_R%C3%B3mainis" title="An Rómainis – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Rómainis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romansh" title="Romansh – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Romansh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumantsch" title="Rumantsch – skotsk gäliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rumantsch" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gäliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_romanche" title="Lingua romanche – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua romanche" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%8C%EC%8A%88%EC%96%B4" title="로만슈어 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로만슈어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रूमान्त्च भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूमान्त्च भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C5%A1" title="Romanš – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Romanš" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romansh-linguo" title="Romansh-linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Romansh-linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Romansh" title="Bahasa Romansh – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Romansh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romancio" title="Romancio – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Romancio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanch" title="Romanch – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Romanch" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Романшаг æвзаг – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Романшаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_romancia" title="Lingua romancia – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua romancia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A9" title="רומאנש – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רומאנש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Romansh" title="Basa Romansh – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Romansh" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რეტორომანული ენა – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რეტორომანული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Романш тілі – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Романш тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roumantsh" title="Roumantsh – korniska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Roumantsh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirumanj" title="Kirumanj – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kirumanj" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Романш кыв – kome" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Романш кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="kome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_rumanc" title="Lingaz rumanc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz rumanc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Rhaetica_(Romanica)" title="Lingua Rhaetica (Romanica) – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Rhaetica (Romanica)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retorom%C4%81%C5%86u_valoda" title="Retoromāņu valoda – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Retoromāņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4toromanesch" title="Rätoromanesch – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rätoromanesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoroman%C5%B3_kalba" title="Retoromanų kalba – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Retoromanų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_romancia" title="Lengua romancia – liguriska" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua romancia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reto-Roemaans" title="Reto-Roemaans – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Reto-Roemaans" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumans_(lingua)" title="Rumans (lingua) – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rumans (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_rumancia" title="Lengua rumancia – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua rumancia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romans_nyelv" title="Romans nyelv – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Romans nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Реторомански јазик – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Реторомански јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_romantsa" title="Fiteny romantsa – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny romantsa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमान्श भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रोमान्श भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="რეტორომანული ნინა – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რეტორომანული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الرومانشيه – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الرومانشيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4" title="رومانش – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رومانش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Romansh" title="Bahasa Romansh – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Romansh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%81_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯟꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ретороманонь кяль – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ретороманонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reto-Romaans" title="Reto-Romaans – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Reto-Romaans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoromaansk" title="Retoromaansk – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Retoromaansk" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="ロマンシュ語 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロマンシュ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4toromaans_spriak" title="Rätoromaans spriak – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rätoromaans spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roemaansh" title="Roemaansh – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Roemaansh" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoromansk" title="Retoromansk – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Retoromansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoromansk" title="Retoromansk – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Retoromansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanchum" title="Romanchum – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Romanchum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanch" title="Romanch – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Romanch" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="رومانش بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رومانش بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="رومانسي ژبه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رومانسي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_rumantsch-grischun" title="Lenga rumantsch-grischun – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga rumantsch-grischun" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_romansz" title="Język romansz – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język romansz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_romanche" title="Língua romanche – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua romanche" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_retoroman%C4%83" title="Limba retoromană – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba retoromană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumantsch_dal_Grischun" title="Rumantsch dal Grischun – rätoromanska" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Rumantsch dal Grischun" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rätoromanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Романшский язык – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Романшский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%AA_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_romancia" title="Limba romancia – sardinska" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba romancia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romansh_leid" title="Romansh leid – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Romansh leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4to-Romanisk" title="Räto-Romanisk – saterfrisiska" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Räto-Romanisk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_roman%C3%A7e" title="Gjuha romançe – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha romançe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Romansh language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0vaj%C4%8Diarska_r%C3%A9torom%C3%A1n%C4%8Dina" title="Švajčiarska rétorománčina – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Švajčiarska rétorománčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoroman%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Retoromanščina – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Retoromanščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4" title="زمانی ڕۆمانش – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ڕۆمانش" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Романш (језик) – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Романш (језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C5%A1" title="Romanš – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Romanš" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoromaani" title="Retoromaani – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Retoromaani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Romanche" title="Wikang Romanche – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Romanche" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="உரோமாஞ்சு மொழி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உரோமாஞ்சு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Романш теле – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Романш теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษารูมันช์ – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษารูมันช์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%C5%9F%C3%A7a" title="Romanşça – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Romanşça" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Романшська мова – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Романшська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رومانش زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رومانش زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B4_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="رومەنىش تىلى – uiguriska" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رومەنىش تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Romansh" title="Tiếng Romansh – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Romansh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roumantche_(lingaedje)" title="Roumantche (lingaedje) – vallonska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Roumantche (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reto-Romoans" title="Reto-Romoans – västflamländska" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Reto-Romoans" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="västflamländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E4%BB%80%E8%AF%AD" title="罗曼什语 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗曼什语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A9" title="רומאנטש – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רומאנטש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="羅馬傳語 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅馬傳語" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retoruomanu_kalba" title="Retoruomanu kalba – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Retoruomanu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E4%BB%80%E8%AF%AD" title="罗曼什语 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗曼什语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵛⵜ – marockansk standard-tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏⵛⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="marockansk standard-tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13199#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-size:130%;background:#c9ffd9;">Rätoromanska</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;background:#c9ffd9;">rumantsch</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Talas i</th><td class="" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz"><img alt="Schweiz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz">Schweiz</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Region</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden">Graubünden</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Antal talare</th><td class="" style="">30 000–70 000 (<a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Status</th><td class="" style="">hotat</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Språkfamilj</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiska språk">Indoeuropeiska språk</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Italiska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Italiska språk">Italiska</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Romanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Romanska språk">Romanska</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Rätoromanska</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#c9ffd9;">Officiell status</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">Officiellt språk i</th><td class="" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz"><img alt="Schweiz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz">Schweiz</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#c9ffd9;">Språkkoder</th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐1</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=rm">rm</a></span></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐2</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=373">roh</a></span></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>‐3</th><td class="" style=""><kbd><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/roh" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:roh">roh</a></kbd></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL</a></th><td class="" style="">ROH</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rätoromanska</b> är ett <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k" title="Språk">språk</a> som talas i sydöstra <a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz">Schweiz</a>. Det är också namnet på en tänkt språkgrupp som även innefattar andra språk. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Definition" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Definition"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I den snävare – och vanligaste – betydelsen avses det <a href="/wiki/Romanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Romanska språk">romanska språk</a> som talas i den <a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz">schweiziska</a> <a href="/wiki/Schweiz_kantoner" title="Schweiz kantoner">kantonen</a> <a href="/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden" title="Graubünden">Graubünden</a>, vid sidan av <a href="/wiki/Italienska" title="Italienska">italienska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska">tyska</a>. </p><p>I en vidare betydelse avses den <i>rätoromanska språkgruppen</i>, vilken inbegriper dels det ovannämnda språket i Graubünden, dels de två språken <a href="/wiki/Friuliska" title="Friuliska">friuliska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ladinska" title="Ladinska">ladinska</a>, som talas i nordöstligaste <a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">Italien</a>. Relationerna mellan dessa språk, och sammanföringen av dem till en grupp är omtvistat. </p><p>Inom andra språk finns en tydligare terminologi för att skilja dessa betydelser åt. På exempelvis tyska kallas språket i Graubünden <i>Bündnerromanisch</i> (lokalt ofta bara <i>Romanisch</i>), på italienska kallas det <i>romancio</i>. I svenskt språkbruk finns inget motsvarande övergripande begrepp. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schweizisk_rätoromanska"><span id="Schweizisk_r.C3.A4toromanska"></span>Schweizisk rätoromanska</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Schweizisk rätoromanska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Schweizisk rätoromanska"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Karte_Sprachen_Graub%C3%BCnden.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Karte_Sprachen_Graub%C3%BCnden.png/400px-Karte_Sprachen_Graub%C3%BCnden.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Karte_Sprachen_Graub%C3%BCnden.png/600px-Karte_Sprachen_Graub%C3%BCnden.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Karte_Sprachen_Graub%C3%BCnden.png/800px-Karte_Sprachen_Graub%C3%BCnden.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="833" /></a><figcaption>Språkkarta över Graubünden, där utbredningsområdena för rätoromanskans fem idiom är utritade.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mehrheitssprachen_GR_1860.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mehrheitssprachen_GR_1860.png/400px-Mehrheitssprachen_GR_1860.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mehrheitssprachen_GR_1860.png/600px-Mehrheitssprachen_GR_1860.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mehrheitssprachen_GR_1860.png/800px-Mehrheitssprachen_GR_1860.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1115" /></a><figcaption>Språkmajoriteter i Graubünden 1860.<div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#ab649e; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Rätoromanska</div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#efbe3f; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska">Tyska</a></div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#958abd; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Italienska" title="Italienska">Italienska</a></div></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mehrheitssprachen_GR_2000.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mehrheitssprachen_GR_2000.png/400px-Mehrheitssprachen_GR_2000.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mehrheitssprachen_GR_2000.png/600px-Mehrheitssprachen_GR_2000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Mehrheitssprachen_GR_2000.png/800px-Mehrheitssprachen_GR_2000.png 2x" data-file-width="1522" data-file-height="1132" /></a><figcaption>Språkmajoriteter i Graubünden 2000.<div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#ab649e; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Rätoromanska</div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#efbe3f; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska">Tyska</a></div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#958abd; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Italienska" title="Italienska">Italienska</a></div></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:LinguaRumantsha.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/LinguaRumantsha.png/400px-LinguaRumantsha.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/LinguaRumantsha.png/600px-LinguaRumantsha.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/LinguaRumantsha.png/800px-LinguaRumantsha.png 2x" data-file-width="1078" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption>Rätoromanskans andel i Graubündens kommuner: Ju mörkare grönt, desto större andel rätoromanskspråkiga.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Romansh_language_spread.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Romansh_language_spread.svg/400px-Romansh_language_spread.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="543" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Romansh_language_spread.svg/600px-Romansh_language_spread.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Romansh_language_spread.svg/800px-Romansh_language_spread.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Rätoromanskans utbredning genom åren<br /> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#F9B775; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Övergång till tyska eller italienska 700–1100</div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#FFDF8E; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Övergångar till diverse språk under åren 1100–2020</div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#FCF3C2; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Rätoromanskspråkigt område cirka 2020</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Rätoromanska (<i>rumantsch, romontsch, rumauntsch</i>) är ett av fyra officiella <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k" title="Språk">språk</a> i Schweiz, och det i särklass minsta av dem: Det är huvudspråk för ungefär en halv procent av landets totala befolkning. Graubünden är den enda kanton som har det som officiellt språk, och där uppger 15% att de har det som huvudspråk, medan 22% anger det som modersmål, och 32% kan tala det. Att fastställa antalet språkbrukare är därför inte lätt, och beror på vilken definition som används: I Graubünden är det 30 000–60 000, beroende på hur strängt man räknar. I övriga delar av Schweiz tillkommer ytterligare minst 10 000 rätoromansktalande, som är inflyttade från Graubünden, eller avkomlingar till dessa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Språkvarianter_och_skriftspråk"><span id="Spr.C3.A5kvarianter_och_skriftspr.C3.A5k"></span>Språkvarianter och skriftspråk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Språkvarianter och skriftspråk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Språkvarianter och skriftspråk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rätoromanskan i Graubünden delas av tradition in i fem varianter, var och en med sitt eget skriftspråk. Dessa varianter brukar benämnas <i><a href="/wiki/Idiom_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Idiom (språk)">idiom</a></i>, till skillnad från språk (rätoromanskan betraktas som <i>ett</i> språk) eller dialekter (var och en av de fem varianterna består av flera olika dialekter). </p><p>Därtill kommer <b>rumantsch grischun</b>, vilket är det rätoromanska skriftspråk som används officiellt på kantons- och riksnivå, även om den egna språkvarianten brukar föredras på lokal nivå. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sursilvan"><a href="/wiki/Sursilvan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sursilvan">Sursilvan</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Sursilvan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Sursilvan"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Sursilvan</b> ("surselviska") talas och skrivs i floden <a href="/wiki/Vorderrhein" title="Vorderrhein">Vorderrheins</a> dalgång, närmare bestämt i distriktet <a href="/wiki/Surselva_(distrikt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Surselva (distrikt)">Surselva</a> (i <a href="/wiki/Foppa_(krets)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foppa (krets)">Foppa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadi" title="Cadi">Cadi</a> och <a href="/wiki/Lumnezia" title="Lumnezia">Lumnezia</a>) samt de angränsande kommunerna <a href="/wiki/Flims" title="Flims">Flims</a> och <a href="/wiki/Trin" title="Trin">Trin</a> i distriktet <a href="/wiki/Imboden" title="Imboden">Imboden</a>. Av tradition används sursilvan som skriftspråk även av rätoromaner i de andra kommunerna i Imboden, trots att dialekten där är surselvisk. </p><p>I Surselva står språket fortfarande starkt, och är undervisningsspråk i alla skolor i de traditionellt rätoromanska områdena. I Imboden har det däremot gått tillbaka kraftigt till förmån för <a href="/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska">tyska</a> på grund av industrialisering, inflyttning och inflytande från den närbelägna kantonshuvudstaden <a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>. På låg- och mellanstadieskolan i Trin är undervisningen tvåspråkig (tyska och sursilvan), i övrigt är skolorna i Imboden tyskspråkiga. </p><p>Under åren 2008–2009 infördes rumantsch grischun i flertalet skolor i de nedre delarna av det surselviska språkområdet (Foppa och Trin), men 2012–2013 gick samtliga av dem tillbaka till sursilvan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sutsilvan"><a href="/wiki/Sutsilvan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutsilvan">Sutsilvan</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Sutsilvan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Sutsilvan"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Sutsilvan</b> ("sutselviska") är det traditionella språket i stora delar av floden <a href="/wiki/Hinterrhein" title="Hinterrhein">Hinterrheins</a> dalgång, närmare bestämt i distriktet <a href="/wiki/Hinterrhein_(distrikt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinterrhein (distrikt)">Hinterrhein</a> (i <a href="/wiki/Domleschg_(krets)" class="mw-redirect" title="Domleschg (krets)">Domleschg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thusis_(krets)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thusis (krets)">Heinzenberg</a> och <a href="/wiki/Schams" title="Schams">Schams</a>) och i en del av distriktet Imboden (<a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A4z%C3%BCns_(krets)" title="Rhäzüns (krets)">Rhäzüns</a>-kretsen). I Imboden har dock av tradition sursilvan använts i skrift. </p><p>Sutsilvan är det rätoromanska idiom som har gått tillbaka mest, och vars existens är mest hotad. Det traditionella utbredningsområdet är numera i stort sett helt tyskspråkigt. Endast de mycket små kommunerna på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schamserberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schamserberg [inte skriven än]">Schamserberg</a>, med sammanlagt 350 invånare, har en knapp majoritet av rätoromaner, och dess lilla låg- och mellanstadieskola är den enda som använder sutsilvan som undervisningsspråk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surmiran"><a href="/wiki/Surmiran" class="mw-redirect" title="Surmiran">Surmiran</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Surmiran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Surmiran"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Surmiran</b> ("surmeiriska") talas och skrivs i distriktet <a href="/wiki/Albula_(distrikt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albula (distrikt)">Albula</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Berg%C3%BCn_(krets)" title="Bergün (krets)">Bergün</a>-kretsen har man dock, trots sin surmeiriska dialekt, av tradition använt sig av skriftspråket puter, men nuförtiden har tyska språket tagit över helt i denna krets. </p><p>I norra delen av distriktet (Albuladalen) har rätoromanskan gått tillbaka kraftigt till förmån för tyskan, bland annat genom inflytande från de närbelägna städerna Chur och <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a>, och flertalet skolor har gått över till att undervisa på tyska. I södra delen (<a href="/wiki/Surses" title="Surses">Surses</a>) står språket starkare, men är huvudspråk för bara omkring hälften av dess invånare. Från och med högstadiet bedrivs skolundervisningen uteslutande på tyska. </p><p>De rätoromanskspråkiga skolorna i distriktet gick 2007 över till att använda rumantsch grischun som skriftspråk, men surmiran skrivs dock alltjämt i många sammanhang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puter"><a href="/wiki/Puter" class="mw-redirect" title="Puter">Puter</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Puter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Puter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Puter</b> ("överengadinska") är tal- och skriftspråk i <a href="/wiki/Engadin#Övre_Engadin" title="Engadin">Övre Engadin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oberengadin" title="Oberengadin">Engiadin'Ota</a>). </p><p>De rätoromansktalande är sedan länge i minoritet i Övre Engadin (år 2000: 13% av hela befolkningen, 18% av dem med schweiziskt medborgarskap). Deras antal har inte minskat särskilt mycket, däremot har sedan 1800-talet pågått en stor inflyttning av tysk- och <a href="/wiki/Italienska" title="Italienska">italienskspråkiga</a>, vilket medförde att rätoromanernas andel av befolkningen redan vid sekelskiftet 1900 var mindre än hälften. I alla skolor (utom i <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Moritz" title="Sankt Moritz">Sankt Moritz</a>) används dock puter fortfarande som undervisningsspråk, och därför är det många fler som kan använda språket än de som har det som modersmål. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vallader"><a href="/wiki/Vallader" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallader">Vallader</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vallader" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vallader"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Vallader</b> ("underengadinska") är tal- och skriftspråk i <a href="/wiki/Engadin#Nedre_Engadin" title="Engadin">Nedre Engadin</a> (Engiadina Bassa) och <a href="/wiki/Val_M%C3%BCstair_(kommun)" title="Val Müstair (kommun)">Val Müstair</a>. </p><p>I Val Müstair talas en särskild variant av vallader, <a href="/wiki/Jauer_(dialekt)" title="Jauer (dialekt)">jauer</a>, men den har inget eget skriftspråk. 2007 infördes där rumantsch grischun som skriftspråk i skolan, men 2012 återinfördes vallader. </p><p>Vallader är, vid sidan av sursilvan, det rätoromanska idiom som har starkast livskraft. Även om tyska språket har brett ut sig även i detta distrikt så är fortfarande omkring två tredjedelar av befolkningen rätoromanskspråkiga, och vallader är undervisningsspråk i alla skolor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rumantsch_grischun">Rumantsch grischun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Rumantsch grischun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Rumantsch grischun"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Rumantsch_grischun" title="Rumantsch grischun">Rumantsch grischun</a></dd></dl></div> <p><b>Rumantsch grischun</b> ("graubündenromanska") är ett skriftspråk som är tänkt att fungera som ett övergripande standardspråk för alla rätoromaner. Det skapades <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a> av den <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>-baserade språkforskaren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Schmid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Schmid [inte skriven än]">Heinrich Schmid</a>. Rumantsch grischun har inte blivit särskilt väl emottaget, och de flesta föredrar fortfarande att använda sitt lokala tal- och skriftspråk. Talare av de sinsemellan mest svårförståeliga dialekterna tenderar att tilltala varandra på <a href="/wiki/Schweizertyska" title="Schweizertyska">schweizertyska</a>, då praktiskt taget alla rätoromansktalande också behärskar schweizertyska och standardtyska. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Officiell_ställning_i_Schweiz"><span id="Officiell_st.C3.A4llning_i_Schweiz"></span>Officiell ställning i Schweiz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Officiell ställning i Schweiz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Officiell ställning i Schweiz"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rätoromanskan har varit erkänd som ett av fyra "nationella språk" i den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schweiziska_federala_konstitutionen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schweiziska federala konstitutionen [inte skriven än]">schweiziska federala konstitutionen</a> sedan 1938. Det blev också erkänt som ett "officiellt språk" 1996, vilket innebär att rätoromansktalare kan använda sitt språk i korrespondens med den federala regeringen och förvänta sig ett svar på rätoromanska, närmare bestämt på rumantsch grischun, eftersom de federala myndigheterna uteslutande använder denna variant. Konstitutionen specificerar dock att enbart modersmålstalare kan kräva detta privilegium.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De federala myndigheterna översätter emellanåt några officiella texter till rätoromanska och landets officiella logo innehåller alla fyra språk. I allmänhet är dock efterfrågan på rätoromanskspråkiga tjänster låg. Detta beror på att talarna oftast inte är så förtjusta i rumantsch grischun och då föredrar att använda tyska. </p><p>På den <a href="/wiki/Schweiz_kantoner" title="Schweiz kantoner">kantonala</a> nivån är rätoromanskan ett <a href="/wiki/Officiellt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Officiellt språk">officiellt språk</a> enbart i den trespråkiga kantonen Graubünden, där kommunernas officiella språk fastställs enligt särskilda regler utifrån antalet talare av de olika språken enligt den senaste <a href="/wiki/Folkr%C3%A4kning" title="Folkräkning">folkräkningen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>År 15 erövrade <a href="/wiki/Romarriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Romarriket">Romarriket</a> det område som kom att kallas <a href="/wiki/Raetien" class="mw-redirect" title="Raetien">Raetien</a>, vilket innefattade bland annat nuvarande Graubünden. Det beboddes av <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ter" title="Räter">räter</a>, om vars ursprung och språk det mesta är okänt. De kom att ta till sig ockupationsmaktens språk <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> som fick sin egen lokala prägel och så småningom utvecklade sig till det som idag kallas rätoromanska. </p><p>Den starkt kuperade terrängen i området försvårade kommunikation mellan de olika dalarna, och i varje dal utvecklades därför språket tämligen oberoende av hur det talades i andra dalar. Därigenom uppstod flera sinsemellan svårförståeliga <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekter</a>. Först 1982 skapades ett standardspråk, <i>rumantsch grischun</i>, som dock inte blivit fullt accepterat. </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Medeltiden" title="Medeltiden">medeltiden</a> kallades rätoromanskan på tyska <i>Chur-Wälsch</i> ("Churvälska", det vill säga "det främmande språket i Chur") eftersom kantonshuvudstaden <a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a> tidigare var ett centrum för språket. Chur är dock tyskspråkigt sedan slutet av <a href="/wiki/1400-talet" title="1400-talet">1400-talet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Litteratur"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rätoromanskans framträdande som litteraturspråk brukar dateras till mitten av 1500-talet. Det överengadinska idiomet blev tryckt första gången 1552 i Jacob Bifruns <i>Christiauna fuorma</i>, en <a href="/wiki/Katekes" title="Katekes">katekes</a>. En översättning av <a href="/wiki/Nya_testamentet" title="Nya testamentet">Nya testamentet</a> följde 1560. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ljudsystem">Ljudsystem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ljudsystem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ljudsystem"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonanter">Konsonanter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Konsonanter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Konsonanter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Konsonant" title="Konsonant">Konsonant</a><a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">fonemen</a> i rätoromanskan (Rumantsch Grischun) visas i följande tabell: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>  </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_konsonant" title="Bilabial konsonant">Bilabiala</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_konsonant" title="Labiodental konsonant">Labio-<br />dentala</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_konsonant" title="Dental konsonant">Dentala</a> och<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_konsonant" title="Alveolar konsonant">alveolara</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_konsonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolo-palatal konsonant">Alveolo-<br />palatala</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_konsonant" title="Postalveolar konsonant">Post-<br />alveolara</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_konsonant" title="Palatal konsonant">Palatala</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_konsonant" title="Velar konsonant">Velara</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Klusil" title="Klusil">Klusiler</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">p  b</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">t  d</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">k  g</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Affrikata" title="Affrikata">Affrikator</a></b> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ts</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">tɕ  dʑ</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">tʃ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nasal_konsonant" title="Nasal konsonant">Nasaler</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">m</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">n</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɲ</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ŋ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Frikativa" title="Frikativa">Frikativor</a></b> </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">f  v</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">s  z</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ʃ  ʒ</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximanter</a></b> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">r</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">j</span> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral approximant">Laterala approximanter</a></b> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">l</span> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ʎ</span> </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vokaler">Vokaler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vokaler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vokaler"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rätoromanskans vokalfonem visas i tabellen nedan: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Monoftong" title="Monoftong">Monoftonger</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A4mre_vokal" class="mw-redirect" title="Främre vokal">Främre</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bakre_vokal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakre vokal">Bakre</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sluten_vokal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sluten vokal [inte skriven än]">Sluten</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">i</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">u</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mellanvokal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mellanvokal [inte skriven än]">Mellan</a></b> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ə</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mellan%C3%B6ppen_vokal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mellanöppen vokal [inte skriven än]">Mellanöppen</a></b> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɛ</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ɔ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96ppen_vokal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Öppen vokal [inte skriven än]">Öppen</a></b> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">a</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Diftong" title="Diftong">Diftonger</a> </th> <th>Slutnare komponent<br />är främre </th> <th>Slutnare komponent<br />är bakre </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Fallande</b> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ai</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">au</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Stigande</b> </td> <td align="center"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">ie</span> </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Schwa" title="Schwa">Schwa</a> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/ə/</span> förekommer enbart i <a href="/wiki/Betoning" title="Betoning">obetonade</a> stavelser. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokall%C3%A4ngd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokallängd [inte skriven än]">Vokallängden</a> är förutsägbar: </p> <ul><li>Obetonade vokaler är korta.</li> <li>Betonade vokaler i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sluten_stavelse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sluten stavelse [inte skriven än]">slutna stavelser</a> är: <dl><dd>långa före <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">/r/</span></dd> <dd>korta i övriga fall</dd></dl></li> <li>Betonade vokaler i öppna stavelser är: <dl><dd>korta före <a href="/wiki/Tonl%C3%B6s_konsonant" title="Tonlös konsonant">tonlösa konsonanter</a></dd> <dd>långa i övriga fall</dd></dl></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rätoromanska_i_populärkulturen"><span id="R.C3.A4toromanska_i_popul.C3.A4rkulturen"></span>Rätoromanska i populärkulturen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitt: Rätoromanska i populärkulturen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=16" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Rätoromanska i populärkulturen"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r51224235">.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border-collapse:collapse;background:#fbfbfb;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-merge{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .messagebox{border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f8f9fa;width:80%;margin:0 auto 1em auto;padding:.2em}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.merge{border:1px solid #c0b8cc;background-color:#f0e5ff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.cleanup{border:1px solid #9f9fff;background-color:#efefff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.nested-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;width:100%;margin:2px 4px}</style><table class="metadata ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/40px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/60px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/80px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Det här avsnittet <b>behöver <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:K%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Källhänvisningar">källhänvisningar</a> för att kunna <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet" title="Wikipedia:Verifierbarhet">verifieras</a>.</b> <small>(2023-11)</small> <br /><small>Åtgärda genom att lägga till pålitliga källor (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">gärna som fotnoter</a>). Uppgifter utan källhänvisning kan <a href="/wiki/Mall:K%C3%A4lla_beh%C3%B6vs" title="Mall:Källa behövs">ifrågasättas</a> och tas bort utan att det behöver diskuteras på <a href="/wiki/Diskussion:R%C3%A4toromanska" title="Diskussion:Rätoromanska">diskussionssidan</a>.</small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>En enda gång hittills (2015) har det schweiziska bidraget i <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a> sjungits på rätoromanska (sursilvan). Det var 1989 då kvartetten <i>Furbaz</i>, med medlemmar från <a href="/wiki/Surselva_(distrikt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Surselva (distrikt)">Surselva</a>-distriktet, framförde "Viver senza tei" vilken hamnade på plats 13 av 22. </p><p>Enligt en folksägen som återberättas i den italienska historikern Gioanna Lebres diktsamling "Rätoromanische Gedichte" var Prinsessan Alina (som inte var en riktig prinsessa, men hennes bruna lockiga hår gav henne ryktet) avgörande i spridningen av språket. Dikten "die geheimnisvolle Prinzessin" beskriver hur Alina sprang omkring på fälten i närliggande kantoner och sjöng så vackert att byinvånare öppnade sina fönster och ville förstå vad hon sjöng. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=17" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romansh&oldid=97427749"><i>Romansh</i> i engelskspråkiga Wikipedia, läst 2 januari 2007</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=18" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Se artikel <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/101/a4.html">4</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110212055734/http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/101/a4.html">Arkiverad</a> 12 februari 2011 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. och <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/101/a70.html">70</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101207032648/http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/101/a70.html">Arkiverad</a> 7 december 2010 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. i 1999 års federala konstitution. Om rätoromanskans juridiska ställning i allmänhet, se <cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFIsobel_Leybold-Johnson2006">Isobel Leybold-Johnson (21 september 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215521/http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/top_news/detail/Official_Romansh_still_has_some_way_to_go.html?siteSect=106&sid=7056834">”Official Romansh still has some way to go”</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swissinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Swissinfo">Swissinfo</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/top_news/detail/Official_Romansh_still_has_some_way_to_go.html?siteSect=106&sid=7056834">originalet</a> den 27 september 2007<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215521/http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/top_news/detail/Official_Romansh_still_has_some_way_to_go.html?siteSect=106&sid=7056834">https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215521/http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/top_news/detail/Official_Romansh_still_has_some_way_to_go.html?siteSect=106&sid=7056834</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 21 september 2006</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Official+Romansh+still+has+some+way+to+go&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Isobel+Leybold-Johnson&rft.au=Isobel+Leybold-Johnson&rft.date=21+september+2006&rft.pub=%5B%5BSwissinfo%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070927215521%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.org%2Feng%2Ftop_news%2Fdetail%2FOfficial_Romansh_still_has_some_way_to_go.html%3FsiteSect%3D106%26sid%3D7056834&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:R%C3%A4toromanska"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A4toromanska&action=edit&section=19" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="floatright metadata"> <table style="font-size: 90%; width: 22em; padding: 0; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin: .5em 0 .5em 1em; border-spacing: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 40px; vertical-align: middle; padding: 0.5em;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/75px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/100px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> har en <i><b><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="rm:">upplaga på <span style="text-transform: lowercase;">Rätoromanska</span></a></b></i>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110425051959/http://www.rtr.ch/home">RadioTelevisiun Svizra Rumantscha</a>. <i>Radio- och TV-sändningar på rätoromanska</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mypledari.ch/">Rätoromansk-engelsk översättare</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://retoromansk.blogspot.com/">Norsk infosida om rätoromanska i Schweiz</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F024594.php">024594</a></span> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland [inte skriven än]">LIR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-lir.ch/e-LIR___Lexicon.1440.450.0.html">1440</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Tjeckiska_nationalbiblioteket" title="Tjeckiska nationalbiblioteket">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph239897&CON_LNG=ENG">ph239897</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a 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