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.navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> <p><b>聲帶</b>（vocal folds）或稱聲腔、嗓子，是位于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%96%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="喉">喉</a>部的两瓣左右对称的膜状解剖結構，主要功能是振動以<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E8%81%B2%E6%85%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="發聲態">發聲</a>。聲帶肌肉受<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BF%B7%E8%B5%B0%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="迷走神经">迷走神经</a>的控制，可以調整聲帶的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%8A%9B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="張力">張力</a>，以改變振動頻率。在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="呼吸">呼吸</a>时，聲帶張開，允许<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%82%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="肺">肺</a>部与外界的空气交换；在憋氣時，聲帶關閉。在说话，唱歌等發聲动作时，聲帶通过与空气的相互作用产生<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8C%AF%E5%8A%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="振动">振动</a>。聲帶振动產生的声波是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="語音">語音</a>中<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清濁音">浊音</a>的声源。聲帶通常显白色，是因為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="血管">血管</a>分布的稀少。</p> <table class="infobox" style="width:21em"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">聲帶</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Gray1204_zh.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gray1204_zh.png/250px-Gray1204_zh.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gray1204_zh.png/375px-Gray1204_zh.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gray1204_zh.png/500px-Gray1204_zh.png 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="400"></a></span> <div class="infobox-caption"> 聲帶<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="喉鏡檢察術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Laryngoscope"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%89%E9%8F%A1%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="喉鏡檢察術（页面不存在）">喉鏡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngoscope" class="extiw" title="en:Laryngoscope"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Laryngoscope</span></a></span>）</span></span>視圖 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Illu07_larynx02.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Illu07_larynx02.jpg/250px-Illu07_larynx02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Illu07_larynx02.jpg/375px-Illu07_larynx02.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Illu07_larynx02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="246"></a></span> <div class="infobox-caption"> 外展和内收 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">基本信息</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E5%AD%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="胚胎学">发育自</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="">第六<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咽弓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="pharyngeal arch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%BD%E5%BC%93&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="咽弓（页面不存在）">咽弓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pharyngeal_arch" class="extiw" title="en:pharyngeal arch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">pharyngeal arch</span></a></span>）</span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="器官系統">系統</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="呼吸系統">呼吸系統</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">标识字符</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><i>plica vocalis</i></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E8%AF%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="医学主题词">MeSH</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui%3DD014827">D014827</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="解剖學術語">TA98</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%2520Tree/Entity%2520TA98%2520EN/06.2.09.013%2520Entity%2520TA98%2520EN.htm">A06.2.09.013</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="解剖學術語">TA2</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id%3D3198">3198</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="解剖学基础模型">FMA</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_55457">FMA:55457</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E6%B0%8F%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="格雷氏解剖學">格雷氏</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray%23page/1079/mode/2up">p.1079</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="解剖學術語">解剖學術語</a>》 <div style="text-align: right;"> <small class="noprint">[<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215558" class="extiw" title="d:Q215558">在维基数据上编辑</a>]</small> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Vocal_folds-201611.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vocal_folds-201611.jpg/220px-Vocal_folds-201611.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vocal_folds-201611.jpg/330px-Vocal_folds-201611.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Vocal_folds-201611.jpg/440px-Vocal_folds-201611.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="474"></a> <figcaption> 張開的聲帶 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Vocal_folds-speaking_201611.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vocal_folds-speaking_201611.jpg/220px-Vocal_folds-speaking_201611.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vocal_folds-speaking_201611.jpg/330px-Vocal_folds-speaking_201611.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Vocal_folds-speaking_201611.jpg/440px-Vocal_folds-speaking_201611.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="375"></a> <figcaption> 聲帶（說話中） </figcaption> </figure> <p>在成人，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%B7%E6%80%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="男性">男性</a>的声带一般较<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="女性">女性</a>的声带更粗更宽，导致男性语音的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%A0%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="基頻">基频</a>一般较低。一般认为这种情况是因为男性在青春期时声带长时间暴露于睾酮水平高的环境下。此外，在跨性别男性中他们的声带通常会随着<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB%E8%82%AF%E5%AE%9A%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="性别肯定激素治疗">性别肯定激素治疗</a>（GAHT）而逐渐变宽导致声音低沉，而在跨性别女性中一般极少有成功通过GAHT改变声带宽度以及声音基频的情况。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">目录</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">解剖構造</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%81%B2%E5%B8%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%8C%AF%E5%8B%95"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">聲帶的振動</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF%E7%99%BC%E8%81%B2%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%A0%E7%B4%A0"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">影響發聲的因素</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E8%81%B2%E5%B8%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%99%A8%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E7%97%85%E8%AE%8A"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">聲帶的器質性病變</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">參考文獻</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%82%E8%A6%8B"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">参見</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E9%80%A3%E6%8E%A5"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">外部連接</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="解剖構造"><span id=".E8.A7.A3.E5.89.96.E6.A7.8B.E9.80.A0"></span>解剖構造</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：解剖構造" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <ul> <li>黏膜</li> <li>固有層 <ul> <li>表層（Reinke's space）</li> <li>中層</li> <li>深層</li> </ul></li> <li>聲帶肌</li> </ul> <p>聲帶最外層的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黏膜">黏膜</a>是由非角質化的多層鱗狀細胞上皮（Non-keratinized stratfied squamous epithelium）所覆蓋；再往下則是黏膜<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%9C%89%E5%B1%82?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="固有层">固有層</a>（Lamina propria），固有層又可區分為三層：表層、中層、深層。固有層<b>表層</b>的組織是由疏鬆柔軟的彈性及<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E5%8E%9F%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="膠原纖維">膠原纖維</a>組織、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%A4%96%E6%B6%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="细胞外液">細胞外液</a>所組成的構造，又稱「<b>Reinke's space</b>」，其鬆軟的特性對於聲帶振動有絕對的重要性。<b>中層</b>部分主要是由緊密的彈性和膠原纖維組成，在聲帶振動時的作用類似一條橡皮帶。固有層的<b>深層</b>大部分是由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%86%A0%E5%8E%9F%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="膠原纖維">膠原纖維</a>組成，硬度較大，有吸收衝擊力的作用。固有層的中層和深層合稱為「<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B2%E5%B8%B6%E9%9F%8C%E5%B8%B6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="聲帶韌帶（页面不存在）">聲帶韌帶</a>」。固有層再往下即是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B2%E5%B8%B6%E8%82%8C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="聲帶肌（页面不存在）">聲帶肌</a>，屬於<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E6%9D%93%E8%82%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="甲杓肌">甲杓肌</a>的一部分，佔了聲帶大部分體積。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="聲帶的振動"><span id=".E8.81.B2.E5.B8.B6.E7.9A.84.E6.8C.AF.E5.8B.95"></span>聲帶的振動</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：聲帶的振動" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>聲帶利用振動，將肺部送來的氣流轉換成<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%96%8F%E5%AF%86%E6%B3%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="疏密波">疏密波</a>，產生聲音。這個過程是一系列複雜的生物力學現象。</p> <p>氣流通過氣管到了喉部，因為聲門附近的氣道（airway）比較狹窄，所以氣流通過聲門的速度加快，根據<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="伯努利定律">白努利定律</a>（Bernoulli's law），氣流加快處壓力會降低，加上兩側聲帶黏膜極為鬆軟，於是兩片聲帶就向中央靠近、合攏。緊接著當聲門閉合之後，來自肺部的氣流無法通過，累積的氣體壓力將再度將聲門推開，如此周而復始便產生振動。</p> <p>声带每开启和闭合一次的时间称为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E9%9F%B3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="基音周期（页面不存在）">基音周期</a>（Pitch period, T），其倒数称为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E9%9F%B3%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="基音频率（页面不存在）">基音频率</a>，范围在70-450Hz。基频越高，声音越尖细。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="影響發聲的因素"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF.E7.99.BC.E8.81.B2.E7.9A.84.E5.9B.A0.E7.B4.A0"></span>影響發聲的因素</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：影響發聲的因素" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>聲帶的黏膜和鬆軟的Reinke's space是影響發聲過程是否順利的核心部位。兩者的「黏稠度」（Viscosit）和傳導波動的順暢與否，是兩個最重要的因子。</p> <p>聲帶表面<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E6%B6%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黏液">黏液</a>層的成分和整個<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="呼吸道">呼吸道</a>表面的黏液層成分大致相同，水份和多醣體有固定比例。倘若發生<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="呼吸道感染">呼吸道感染</a>，黏液分泌會增加，或是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="空氣">空氣</a>中濕度減少，口乾缺水，都會造成表面黏液成份的改變，增加聲帶黏稠度，進而影響發聲。此外，聲帶充血和出血也會引起黏稠度上升，增加發聲的困難度。若是因為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%82%8E%E7%97%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="炎症">發炎</a>或<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E8%8F%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="吸菸">抽菸</a>等因素引起Reinke's space的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%85%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="水腫">水腫</a>或使得細胞外液變成含有大量<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BB%B2%E5%87%BA%E6%B6%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="滲出液">滲出液</a>（exudate），也會增加聲帶的黏稠度。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="聲帶的器質性病變"><span id=".E8.81.B2.E5.B8.B6.E7.9A.84.E5.99.A8.E8.B3.AA.E6.80.A7.E7.97.85.E8.AE.8A"></span>聲帶的器質性病變</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：聲帶的器質性病變" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ol> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%96%89%E7%99%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="喉癌">喉癌</a>（Laryngeal cancer）：95%以上屬於<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%B3%9E%E7%8A%B6%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%99%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="鳞状细胞癌">鱗狀細胞癌</a>（Squamous cell carcinoma,Scc），和抽菸有關。</li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E5%B8%B6%E5%9B%8A%E8%85%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="聲帶囊腫">聲帶囊腫</a>（Vocal fold cyst），黏膜下層因為腺體分泌阻塞，形成黏液聚積性囊腫（Retention cyst）；或因表皮內陷而形成<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%84%82%E8%85%BA%E5%9B%8A%E8%82%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="皮脂腺囊肿">上皮囊腫</a>（Epithelial cyst）。可採用顯微手術摘除囊腫。 <ol> <li>聲帶<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="小結">小结</a> (Vocal cord nodule)：常见于歌唱演员及教师。</li> </ol></li> <li>聲帶<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%82%89%E8%8A%BD%E8%82%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="肉芽肿">肉芽腫</a>（Vocal cord granulomas）：因某種形式的外傷導致上皮剝落，軟骨膜發炎，形成沒有上皮被覆的肉芽腫。可用<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="雷射">雷射</a>手術治療但復發率高。</li> <li>酸性<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%96%89%E7%82%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="喉炎">喉炎</a>（Acid laryngitis）：胃酸逆流灼傷喉部。導致較靠近<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="食道">食道</a>的聲帶後半段、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9D%93%E7%8B%80%E8%BB%9F%E9%AA%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="杓狀軟骨">杓狀軟骨</a>、後半部聲門發生充血、水腫，導致發聲障礙。</li> <li>喉結核（Laryngeal tuberculosis）：90%以上因為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%B5%90%E6%A0%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="肺結核">肺結核</a>上行感染喉部，少數為原位喉結核。</li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：參考文獻" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style> <div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul> <li><cite class="citation book">Richard L. Drake; A. Wayne Vogl; Adam W. M. Mitchell. Gray's Basic Anatomy. Elsevier; 2 edition (March 7, 2017). 2017: 640. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0323474047?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/978-0323474047"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0323474047</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6&rft.au=A.+Wayne+Vogl&rft.au=Adam+W.+M.+Mitchell&rft.au=Richard+L.+Drake&rft.btitle=Gray%27s+Basic+Anatomy&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0323474047&rft.pages=640&rft.pub=Elsevier%3B+2+edition+%28March+7%2C+2017%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Anne M Gilroy; Brian R MacPherson; , Michael Schuenke; Erik Schulte; Udo Schumacher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/atlasofanatomy0000unse_p9k7">Atlas of Anatomy</a>. Thieme; 3 edition (April 8, 2016). 2016: 760. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1626232525?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/978-1626232525"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1626232525</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6&rft.au=%2C+Michael+Schuenke&rft.au=Anne+M+Gilroy&rft.au=Brian+R+MacPherson&rft.au=Erik+Schulte&rft.au=Udo+Schumacher&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Anatomy&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1626232525&rft.pages=760&rft.pub=Thieme%3B+3+edition+%28April+8%2C+2016%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fatlasofanatomy0000unse_p9k7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Davids, Julia and Stephen A. LaTour. <i>Vocal Technique: A Guide for Conductors, Teachers, and Singers.</i> Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 2012.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREF蕭自佑（台大醫學院）1999" class="citation book">蕭自佑（台大醫學院）. 音聲醫學概論. 台灣: 藝軒圖書. 1999. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/957-616-559-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/957-616-559-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 957-616-559-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6&rft.au=%E8%95%AD%E8%87%AA%E4%BD%91%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%B0%E5%A4%A7%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%EF%BC%89&rft.btitle=%E9%9F%B3%E8%81%B2%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E6%A6%82%E8%AB%96&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=957-616-559-8&rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3&rft.pub=%E8%97%9D%E8%BB%92%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Dalley, Arthur F.; Moore, Keith L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/clinicallyorient00moor">Clinically Oriented Anatomy</a>. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 1999. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7817-5936-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:网络书源/0-7817-5936-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-7817-5936-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6&rft.au=Dalley%2C+Arthur+F.&rft.au=Moore%2C+Keith+L.&rft.btitle=Clinically+Oriented+Anatomy&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7817-5936-6&rft.place=Hagerstown%2C+MD&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclinicallyorient00moor&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>April, Ernest. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bookdepository.com/Clinical-Anatomy-Ernest-W-April/9780683061994">Clinical Anatomy</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002072042/https://www.bookdepository.com/Clinical-Anatomy-Ernest-W-April/9780683061994">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, 3rd ed. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins,01 Jan 1997. <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780683061994?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780683061994</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="参見"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A6.8B"></span>参見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：参見" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%96%89?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="喉">喉</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="声门">声门</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E8%81%B2%E8%B5%B7%E5%A7%8B%E6%99%82%E9%96%93?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="發聲起始時間">發聲起始時間</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%89%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="音色">音色</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E5%B8%B6%E5%9B%8A%E8%85%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="聲帶囊腫">聲帶囊腫</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="呼吸醫學期刊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Respiratory Medicine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="呼吸醫學期刊（页面不存在）">呼吸醫學期刊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_Medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Respiratory Medicine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Respiratory Medicine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耳科學耳鼻喉科與喉科學年鑑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B3%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%B3%E9%BC%BB%E5%96%89%E7%A7%91%E8%88%87%E5%96%89%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E9%91%91&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="耳科學耳鼻喉科與喉科學年鑑（页面不存在）">耳科學耳鼻喉科與喉科學年鑑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annals_of_Otology,_Rhinology,_and_Laryngology" class="extiw" title="en:Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="運動解剖術語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anatomical terms of motion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="運動解剖術語（页面不存在）">運動解剖術語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion" class="extiw" title="en:Anatomical terms of motion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anatomical terms of motion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="外部連接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部連接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：外部連接" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ncvs.org/">National Center for Voice and Speech's official website</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010153433/http://www.ncvs.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>Lewcock, Ronald, et al. "Acoustics: The Voice." In <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com">Grove Music Online</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410045043/http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</i> (by subscription)/ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/00134pg6">Please Login in Oxford Music Online</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/zh-tw/%E5%A3%B0%E5%B8%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stembande" title="Stembande – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stembande" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmlippe" title="Stimmlippe – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stimmlippe" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584_%25D8%25B5%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="أحبال صوتية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أحبال صوتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C9%2599s_ba%25C4%259F%25C4%25B1" title="Səs bağı – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Səs bağı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8" title="Гласни струни – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гласни струни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plecs_vocals" title="Plecs vocals – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plecs vocals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlasivky" title="Hlasivky – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hlasivky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemmeb%25C3%25A5nd" title="Stemmebånd – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stemmebånd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmlippe" title="Stimmlippe – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stimmlippe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A6%25CF%2589%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B7%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AD%25CF%2582_%25CF%2587%25CE%25BF%25CF%2581%25CE%25B4%25CE%25AD%25CF%2582" title="Φωνητικές χορδές – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φωνητικές χορδές" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cords" title="Vocal cords – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vocal cords" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vo%25C4%2589kordoj" title="Voĉkordoj – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Voĉkordoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuerdas_vocales" title="Cuerdas vocales – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuerdas vocales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%25C3%25A4%25C3%25A4lekurrud" title="Häälekurrud – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Häälekurrud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahots-kordak" title="Ahots-kordak – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ahots-kordak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587%25E2%2580%258C%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B5%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C" title="پرده‌های صوتی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرده‌های صوتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2584%25C3%25A4nihuulet" title="Äänihuulet – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Äänihuulet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corde_vocale" title="Corde vocale – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Corde vocale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25A9ada_an_ghutha" title="Téada an ghutha – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Téada an ghutha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A9%25D7%25A4%25D7%25AA%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA_%25D7%2594%25D7%25A7%25D7%2595%25D7%259C" title="שפתות הקול – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפתות הקול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25B0-%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2581" title="स्वर-रज्जु – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वर-रज्जु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangszalag" title="Hangszalag – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hangszalag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2581%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580" title="Ձայնալարեր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ձայնալարեր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pita_suara" title="Pita suara – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pita suara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raddb%25C3%25B6nd" title="Raddbönd – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Raddbönd" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corde_vocali" title="Corde vocali – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Corde vocali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A3%25B0%25E5%25B8%25AF" title="声帯 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="声帯" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B0%25D1%2583%25D1%258B%25D1%2581_%25D1%2588%25D1%258B%25D0%25BC%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B4%25D1%258B%25D2%2593%25D1%258B" title="Дауыс шымылдығы – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дауыс шымылдығы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2584%25B1%25EB%258C%2580_(%25EA%25B8%25B0%25EA%25B4%2580)" title="성대 (기관) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성대 (기관)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25DA%25BE%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%2595_%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2595" title="پھورٕ داوٕ – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پھورٕ داوٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25AAv%25C3%25AAn_deng" title="Lêvên deng – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lêvên deng" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plica_vocalis" title="Plica vocalis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Plica vocalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stumbenj" title="Stumbenj – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Stumbenj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balso_klost%25C4%2597s" title="Balso klostės – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Balso klostės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8" title="Гласилки – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гласилки" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemband" title="Stemband – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stemband" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemmeband" title="Stemmeband – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stemmeband" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemmeb%25C3%25A5nd" title="Stemmebånd – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stemmebånd" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25A9rette" title="Pérette – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pérette" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%25C5%2582d_g%25C5%2582osowy" title="Fałd głosowy – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fałd głosowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2596%25D8%25BA%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%2587" title="ږغیز تارونه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ږغیز تارونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordas_vocais" title="Cordas vocais – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cordas vocais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coardele_vocale" title="Coardele vocale – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coardele vocale" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%258B%25D0%25B5_%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8" title="Голосовые складки – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Голосовые складки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cords" title="Vocal cords – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vocal cords" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlasivky" title="Hlasivky – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hlasivky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5" title="Гласне жице – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гласне жице" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%25C3%25A4mband" title="Stämband – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stämband" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ses_teli" title="Ses teli – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ses teli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D1%2596_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B2%2527%25D1%258F%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8" title="Голосові зв'язки – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Голосові зв'язки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C3%25A2y_thanh_%25C3%25A2m" title="Dây thanh âm – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dây thanh âm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A9%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%259D_%25D7%2591%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A0%25D7%2593%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8" title="שטים בענדער – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שטים בענדער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2581%25B2%25E5%25B8%25B6" title="聲帶 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聲帶" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" alt="维基百科" width="105" height="22" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> </div> <ul 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