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{"title":"Intersectional Bullying, LGBT Youth and the Construction of Power","authors":"Elle Hilke Dominski","volume":117,"journal":"International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences","pagesStart":3275,"pagesEnd":3280,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10006012","abstract":"<p>This paper explores the impact of intersectional bullying of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) youth from a multi-layered experience perspective within bullying incidents at school. Present inclusionary measures at school may not be designed as a continuous process of finding better methods for responding to diversity, rather remain &lsquo;fixed&rsquo; as singular solutions applied universally. This paper argues recognizing education through a lens of inclusion begins to realize most educational systems are poorly equipped to handle diversity.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\thttp:\/\/fra.europa.eu\/en\/publication\/2015\/lgbti-comparative-legal-update-2015Accessed 20\/10\/2015\r\n[2]\tWith further published reports including 2015 addressing broader social and legal issues. http:\/\/fra.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/fra_ uploads\/protection_against_discrimination_legal_update_2015.pdf\r\n[3]\tThe LGBT acronym serves as an umbrella term throughout this thesis for LGBTQQIAAP2-S that includes queer, questioning, intersex, asexual, ally, pansexual and two-spirit.\r\n[4]\thttp:\/\/fra.europa.eu\/en\/country-report\/2009\/country-reports-homophobia-and-discrimination-grounds-sexual-orientation-and. Accessed 05\/11\/2015\r\n[5]\thttp:\/\/fra.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/eu-lgbt-survey-results-at-a-glance_en.pdf\r\n[6]\tStonewall was founded in 1989 working on social and legal advancement. for LGBT people, http:\/\/www.stonewall.org.uk\/our-work. Accessed 19\/04\/2016\r\n[7]\tBullying aimed at homosexuals (homophobic), bisexuals (biphobic) and transgender\/sexuals (transphobic).\r\n[8]\thttps:\/\/www.stonewall.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/teachers_report_2014.pdf\r\n[9]\tG. Prati, L. Pietrantoni, and A. R. D'Augelli. \"Aspects of Homophobia in Italian high schools: Students' attitudes and perceptions of school climate.\" Journal of Applied Social Psychology, vol. 41 (11), 2011, pp. 2600-2620.\r\n[10]\thttps:\/\/www.sos-homophobie.org\/ Accessed 12\/05\/2016\r\n[11]\tV. Clarke, C. Kitzinger J. Potter, J. \u201cKids are just cruel anyway: Lesbian and gay parents\u2019 talk about homophobic bullying.\u201d British Journal of Social Psychology Volume 43(4), December 2004, pages 531-550. DOI: 10.1348\/0144666042565362\r\n[12]\tC. L. Cooper, H. Hoel, B. Faragher. \u201cBullying is detrimental to health, but all bullying behaviours are not necessarily equally damaging,\u201d British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, vol. 32, 2004, pp. 367-387, DOI: 10.1080\/03069880410001723594. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/03069880410001723594. Accessed 08\/10\/2015\r\n[13]\tB. R. Garnett, K. E. Masyn, K. E., Austin, B. S., Miller, M., Williams, D. R., & Viswanath, K. \u201cThe intersectionality of discrimination attributes and bullying among youth: an applied latent class analysis.\u201d J Youth Adolescent, vol. 43 (8), 2014, pp. 1225-39.\r\n[14]\thttps:\/\/mrdevin.files.wordpress.com\/2009\/06\/five-faces-of-oppression.pdf I. Young. \u201cThe Five Faces of Oppression.\u201d Oppression, Privilege, and resistance\u201d Theoretical Perspectives on Racism, Sexism, and Heterosexism. Lisa Heldeke and Peg O\u2019Connor. 1st ed. McGraw-Hill Education \u2013 Europe, 2003, pp. 37-63. Print.\r\n[15]\thttp:\/\/www.humanityinaction.org\/knowledgebase\/588-human-rights-diplomacy-amidst-world-war-lgbt-re-examining-western-promotion-of-lgbt-rights-in-light-of-the-. Accessed 05\/11\/2015 \r\n[16]\thttps:\/\/law.ucla.edu\/faculty\/faculty-profiles\/kimberle-w-crenshaw\/ Accessed 18\/11\/2015\r\n[17]\tE. Elam\u00e9 (2013) \u201cDiscriminatory Bullying; a new intercultural challenge.\u201d Milan, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London: Springer. ISBN 978-88-470-5234-5, DOI: 10.1007\/978-88-470-5235-2\r\n[18]\tA. Daley et al. \u201cTraversing the Margins: Intersectionalities in the Bullying of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Youth.\u201d Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, vol. 19 (3-4), 2008, pp. 9-29.\r\n[19]\tS. Kessel-Schneider, L. O'Donnell, A. Stueve, R. W.S. Coulter. \u201cCyberbullying, School Bullying, and Psychological Distress: A Regional Census of High School Students.\u201d American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 102, No. 1, 2012, pp. 171-177. DOI: 10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300308\r\n[20]\tE.D. Berlan, H.L. Corliss, A.E. Field, E. Goodman, S.R. Austin. \u201cSexual Orientation and Bullying Among Adolescents in the Growing Up Today Study.\u201d Journal of Adolescent Health, Vol. 46, Issue 4, 2010, pp. 366-371 \r\n[21]\tP.A. Michaud. \u201cBullying: We Need to Increase Our Efforts and Broaden Our Focus.\u201d Journal of Adolescent Health. Vol. 45 (4), October 2009, pp. 323-325.\r\n[22]\tI.M. Young. \u201cJustice and the Politics of Difference.\u201d Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990. Print.\r\n[23]\tR.J. Haines-Saah, C.T. Hilario, E.K. Jenkins, C.K.Y. Ng, J.L. Johnson. Understanding Adolescent Narratives About \u201cBullying\u201d Through an Intersectional Lens: Implications for Youth Mental Health Interventions. Youth & Society, 2016, pp. 1-23\r\n[24]\tD.L. Espelage, J.R. Polanin, S.K. Low. \u201cTeachers and Staff Perceptions of School Environment as Predictors of Student Aggression, Victimization, and Willingness to intervene in Bullying Situations.\u201d School Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2014, 287-305.\t\r\n[25]\tA. Tashakkori & I. Newman. \u201cMixed methods: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches to research.\u201d In B. McGaw, E. Baker, & P. P. Peterson (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (3rd ed.), 2010, pp. 514-520). Oxford, England: Elsevier","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 117, 2016"}