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id="toc-Hybrid_processing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hybrid_processing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hybrid processing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hybrid_processing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Advantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disadvantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disadvantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Disadvantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disadvantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web-inhoudsbestuurstelsel" title="Web-inhoudsbestuurstelsel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Web-inhoudsbestuurstelsel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="نظام إدارة محتوى الويب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام إدارة محتوى الويب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Уеб система за управление на съдържанието – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уеб система за управление на съдържанието" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_gesti%C3%B3n_de_contenido_web" title="Sistema de gestión de contenido web – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema de gestión de contenido web" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8" title="سامانه مدیریت محتوای وب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سامانه مدیریت محتوای وب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_gestion_de_contenu_web" title="Système de gestion de contenu web – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Système de gestion de contenu web" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_maneja_contenidas_ueb" title="Sistem de maneja contenidas ueb – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sistem de maneja contenidas ueb" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%82" title="വെബ് കണ്ടന്റ് മാനേജ്മെന്റ് സിസ്റ്റം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെബ് കണ്ടന്റ് മാനേജ്മെന്റ് സിസ്റ്റം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0" title="Webコンテンツ管理システム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Webコンテンツ管理システム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਵੈੱਬ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਨ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੈੱਬ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਨ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Система управления веб-содержимым – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Система управления веб-содержимым" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_content_management_system" title="Web content management system – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Web content management system" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWW-sis%C3%A4ll%C3%B6nhallinta" title="WWW-sisällönhallinta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="WWW-sisällönhallinta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9A" title="ระบบจัดการเนื้อหาเว็บ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบจัดการเนื้อหาเว็บ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_qu%E1%BA%A3n_l%C3%BD_n%E1%BB%99i_dung_web" title="Hệ thống quản lý nội dung web – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ thống quản lý nội dung web" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Content management system specifically for web content</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Web_content_management_system" title="Special:EditPage/Web content management system">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Web+content+management+system%22">"Web content management system"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Web+content+management+system%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Web+content+management+system%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Web+content+management+system%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Web+content+management+system%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Web+content+management+system%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For broader coverage of this topic, see <a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">Content management system</a>.</div> <p>A <b>web content management system</b> (<b>WCM</b> or <b>WCMS</b>) is a software <a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">content management system</a> (CMS) specifically for <a href="/wiki/Web_content" title="Web content">web content</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It provides <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a> authoring, collaboration, and administration tools that help users with little knowledge of web <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a> or <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup languages</a> create and manage website content. A WCMS provides the foundation for collaboration, providing users the ability to manage documents and output for multiple author editing and participation. Most systems use a <a href="/wiki/Content_repository" title="Content repository">content repository</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> to store page content, <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>, and other information assets the system needs. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_content_and_presentation" title="Separation of content and presentation">presentation</a> layer (<a href="/wiki/Template_engine_(web)" class="mw-redirect" title="Template engine (web)">template engine</a>) displays the content to website visitors based on a set of <a href="/wiki/Web_template" class="mw-redirect" title="Web template">templates</a>, which are sometimes <a href="/wiki/XSL_Transformations" class="mw-redirect" title="XSL Transformations">XSLT</a> files.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most systems use <a href="/wiki/Cache_(computing)" title="Cache (computing)">server side caching</a> to improve performance. This works best when the WCMS is not changed often but visits happen frequently. Administration is also typically done through browser-based interfaces, but some systems require the use of a <a href="/wiki/Fat_client" class="mw-redirect" title="Fat client">fat client</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capabilities">Capabilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_content_management_system&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Capabilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A web content management system controls a dynamic collection of web material, including <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> documents, <a href="/wiki/Image" title="Image">images</a>, and other forms of media.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A WCMS facilitates document control, auditing, editing, and timeline management. A WCMS typically has the following features:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Automated templates</dt> <dd>Create standard templates (usually HTML and <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>) that users can apply to new and existing content, changing the appearance of all content from one central place.</dd> <dt>Access control</dt> <dd>Some WCMS systems support user groups, which control how registered users interact with the site. A page on the site can be restricted to one or more groups. This means an anonymous user (someone not logged-on), or a logged on user who is not a member of the group a page is restricted to, is denied access.</dd> <dt>Scalable expansion</dt> <dd>Available in <a href="/wiki/List_of_content_management_systems" title="List of content management systems">most modern WCMSs</a>.is the ability to expand a single implementation (one installation on one server) across multiple domains, depending on the server's settings. WCMS sites may be able to create <a href="/wiki/Microsite" title="Microsite">microsites</a>/<a href="/wiki/Web_portal" title="Web portal">web portals</a> within a main site as well.</dd> <dt>Easily editable content</dt> <dd>Once content is separated from the visual presentation of a site, it usually becomes much easier and quicker to edit and manipulate. Most WCMS software includes <a href="/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> editing tools allowing non-technical users to create and edit content.</dd> <dt>Scalable feature sets</dt> <dd>Most WCMS software includes plug-ins or modules that can be easily installed to extend an existing site's functionality.</dd> <dt>Web standards upgrades</dt> <dd>Active WCMS software usually receives regular updates that include new feature sets and keep the system up to current web standards.</dd> <dt>Workflow management</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Workflow" title="Workflow">Workflow</a> management is the process of creating cycles of sequential and parallel tasks that must be accomplished in the WCMS. For example, one or many content creators can submit a story, but it is not published until the copy editor cleans it up and the editor-in-chief approves it.</dd> <dt>Collaboration</dt> <dd>WCMS software may act as a <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaboration platform">collaboration platform</a> where many users retrieve and work on content. Changes can be tracked and authorized for publication or ignored reverting to old versions. Other advanced forms of collaboration allow multiple users to modify (or comment) a page at the same time in a collaboration session.</dd> <dt>Delegation</dt> <dd>Some WCMS software allows for various user groups to have limited privileges over specific content on the website, spreading out the responsibility of content management.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Document management</dt> <dd>WCMS software may provide a means of collaboratively managing the life cycle of a document from initial creation time, through revisions, publication, archive, and document destruction.</dd> <dt>Content virtualization</dt> <dd>WCMS software may provide a means of allowing each user to work within a virtual copy of the entire website, document set, and/or code base. This enables viewing changes to multiple interdependent resources in context before submission.</dd> <dt>Content syndication</dt> <dd>WCMS software often helps distribute content by generating <a href="/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atom_(standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (standard)">Atom</a> data feeds to other systems. They may also e-mail users when updates become available.</dd> <dt>Multilingual</dt> <dd>Many WCMSs can display content in multiple languages.</dd> <dt>Versioning</dt> <dd>Like <a href="/wiki/Document_management_system" title="Document management system">document management systems</a>, WCMS software may implement <a href="/wiki/Version_control" title="Version control">version control</a>, by which users check pages in and out of the WCMS. Authorized editors can retrieve previous versions and work from a selected point. Versioning is useful for content that changes and requires updating, but it may be necessary to start from or reference a previous version.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_content_management_system&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A WCMS can use one of three approaches: <i>offline processing</i>, <i>online processing</i>, and <i>hybrid processing</i>. These terms describe the deployment pattern for the WCMS in terms of when it applies presentation templates to render web pages from structured content. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Offline_processing">Offline processing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_content_management_system&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Offline processing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These systems, sometimes referred to as "static site generators",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pre-process all content, applying templates before publication to generate web pages. Since pre-processing systems do not require a server to apply the templates at request time, they may also exist purely as design-time tools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online_processing">Online processing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_content_management_system&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Online processing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These systems apply templates on-demand. They may generate HTML when a user visits the page, or the user might receive pre-generated HTML from a <a href="/wiki/Web_cache" title="Web cache">web cache</a>. Most open source WCMSs support add-ons that extended the system's capabilities. These include features like forums, blogs, wikis, web stores, photo galleries, and contact management. These are variously called modules, nodes, widgets, add-ons, or extensions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hybrid_processing">Hybrid processing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_content_management_system&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hybrid processing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>JavaServer Pages|Some systems combine the offline and online approaches. Some systems write out executable code (e.g., <a href="/wiki/JavaServer_Pages" class="mw-redirect" title="JavaServer Pages">JSP</a>, ASP, PHP, ColdFusion, or Perl pages) rather than just static HTML. That way, personnel don't have to deploy the WCMS itself on every web server. Other hybrids operate in either an online or offline mode. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advantages">Advantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_content_management_system&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Advantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Low cost</dt> <dd>Some content management systems are free, such as <a href="/wiki/Drupal" title="Drupal">Drupal</a>, <a href="/wiki/EZ_Publish" title="EZ Publish">eZ Publish</a>, <a href="/wiki/TYPO3" title="TYPO3">TYPO3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joomla" title="Joomla">Joomla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zesty.io" title="Zesty.io">Zesty.io</a>, and <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a>. Others may be affordable based on size subscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although subscriptions can be expensive, overall the cost of not having to hire full-time developers can lower the total costs. Plus <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> can be bought based on need for many WCMSs.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Easy customization</dt> <dd>A universal layout is created, making pages have a similar theme and design without much code. Many WCMS tools use a drag and drop <a href="/wiki/AJAX" class="mw-redirect" title="AJAX">AJAX</a> system for their design modes. It makes it easy for beginner users to create custom front-ends.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Easy to use</dt> <dd>WCMSs accommodate non-technical people. Simplicity in design of the admin <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">UI</a> lets website content managers and other users update content without much training in coding or system maintenance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Workflow" title="Workflow">Workflow</a> management</dt> <dd>WCMSs provide the facility to control how content is published, when it is published, and who publishes it. Some WCMSs allow administrators to set up rules for <a href="/wiki/Workflow" title="Workflow">workflow</a> management, guiding content managers through a series of steps required for each of their tasks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Good For <a href="/wiki/SEO" class="mw-redirect" title="SEO">SEO</a></dt> <dd>WCMS websites also accommodate <a href="/wiki/Search_engine_optimization" title="Search engine optimization">search engine optimization</a> (SEO). Content freshness helps, as some search engines prefer websites with newer content. Social media plugins help build a community around content. RSS feeds automatically generated by blogs, or WCMS websites can increase the number of subscribers and readers to a site. URL rewriting can be implemented easily—clean URLs without parameters further help in SEO.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>Some plugins specifically help with website SEO.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disadvantages">Disadvantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_content_management_system&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Disadvantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Cost of implementations</dt> <dd>Larger scale implementations may require training, planning, and certifications. Certain WCMSs may require hardware installation. Commitment to the software is required on bigger investments. Commitment to training, developing, and upkeep are costs incurred in any enterprise system.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Cost of maintenance</dt> <dd>Maintaining WCMSs may require license updates, upgrades, and hardware maintenance.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Latency issues</dt> <dd>Larger WCMSs can experience latency if hardware infrastructure is not up-to-date, databases are used incorrectly, or <a href="/wiki/Web_cache" title="Web cache">web cache</a> files that reload every time data updates grow too large. <a href="/wiki/Load_balancing_(computing)" title="Load balancing (computing)">Load balancing</a> issues may also impair caching files.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Tool mixing</dt> <dd>Because the URLs of many WCMSs are dynamically generated with internal parameters and reference information, they are often not stable enough for static pages and other web tools, particularly search engines, to rely on them.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Security</dt> <dd>WCMS's are often forgotten about when hardware, software, and operating systems are patched for security threats. Due to lack of patching by the user, a hacker can use unpatched WCMS software to exploit vulnerabilities to enter an otherwise secure environment. WCMS's should be part of an overall, holistic security <a href="/wiki/Patch_management" title="Patch management">patch management</a> program to maintain the highest possible security standards.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_content_management_system&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Content_management" title="Content management">Content management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">Content management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_web_page" title="Dynamic web page">Dynamic web page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_content_management" title="Enterprise content management">Enterprise content management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headless_content_management_system" title="Headless content management system">Headless content management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAMP_(software_bundle)" title="LAMP (software bundle)">LAMP (software bundle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_content_management_systems" title="List of content management systems">List of content management systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_portal" title="Web portal">Web portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website_builder" title="Website builder">Website builder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_content_development" title="Web content development">Web content development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">Wiki</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_content_management_system&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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governance</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_control_panel" title="Web hosting control panel">Web hosting control panels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_web_hosting_control_panels" title="Comparison of web hosting control panels">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/AlternC" title="AlternC">AlternC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPanel" title="CPanel">cPanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectAdmin" title="DirectAdmin">DirectAdmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Technologie_Control" title="Domain Technologie Control">Domain Technologie Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froxlor" title="Froxlor">Froxlor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-MSCP" title="I-MSCP">i-MSCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterWorx" title="InterWorx">InterWorx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISPConfig" title="ISPConfig">ISPConfig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispmanager" title="Ispmanager">Ispmanager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kloxo" title="Kloxo">Kloxo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plesk" title="Plesk">Plesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usermin" title="Usermin">Usermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webmin" title="Webmin">Webmin</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">Top-level domain</a> registries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFNIC" class="mw-redirect" title="AFNIC">AFNIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.au_Domain_Administration" title=".au Domain Administration">auDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNS_Belgium" title="DNS Belgium">DNS Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CentralNic" class="mw-redirect" title="CentralNic">CentralNic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Internet_Registration_Authority" title="Canadian Internet Registration Authority">CIRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Internet_Network_Information_Center" title="China Internet Network Information Center">CNNIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CZ.NIC" title="CZ.NIC">CZ.NIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DENIC" title="DENIC">DENIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURid" title="EURid">EURid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freenom" class="mw-redirect" title="Freenom">Freenom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoDaddy" title="GoDaddy">GoDaddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Domains" title="Google Domains">Google Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Digital" title="Identity Digital">Identity Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Research_in_Fundamental_Sciences" title="Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences">IPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Registry_Services" title="Japan Registry Services">JPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Internet_%26_Security_Agency" title="Korea Internet & Security Agency">KISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIC_M%C3%A9xico" title="NIC México">NIC México</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominet">Nominet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Interest_Registry" title="Public Interest Registry">PIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucows" title="Tucows">Tucows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign">Verisign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">Domain name</a> managers and <a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registrar" title="Domain name registrar">registrars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluehost" title="Bluehost">Bluehost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domainz" title="Domainz">Domainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DreamHost" title="DreamHost">DreamHost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynadot" title="Dynadot">Dynadot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enom" title="Enom">Enom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epik" title="Epik">Epik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandi" title="Gandi">Gandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMO_Internet" title="GMO Internet">GMO Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoDaddy" title="GoDaddy">GoDaddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Domains" title="Google Domains">Google Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hover_(domain_registrar)" title="Hover (domain registrar)">Hover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infomaniak" title="Infomaniak">Infomaniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimdo" title="Jimdo">Jimdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name.com" title="Name.com">Name.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namecheap" title="Namecheap">Namecheap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostinger" title="Hostinger">Hostinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NameSilo" title="NameSilo">NameSilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NearlyFreeSpeech" title="NearlyFreeSpeech">NearlyFreeSpeech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Solutions" title="Network Solutions">Network Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OVH" class="mw-redirect" title="OVH">OVH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Register.com" title="Register.com">Register.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squarespace" title="Squarespace">Squarespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucows" title="Tucows">Tucows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK2_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="UK2 Group">UK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcentral" title="Webcentral">Webcentral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web.com" title="Web.com">Web.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wix.com" title="Wix.com">Wix.com</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Web content management system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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