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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organizational Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizational_Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Special Courts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Special_Courts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Special Courts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Special_Courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Establishment_and_Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_and_Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Establishment and Composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_and_Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jurisdiction_and_Powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jurisdiction_and_Powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Jurisdiction and Powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jurisdiction_and_Powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Supreme_Court_Rulings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supreme_Court_Rulings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Supreme Court Rulings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supreme_Court_Rulings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable cases</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_cases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable cases subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_Cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_Cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Major Cases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_Cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asset_Seizures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asset_Seizures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Asset Seizures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asset_Seizures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Legislative Impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conviction_rate_and_allegations_of_misuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conviction_rate_and_allegations_of_misuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Conviction rate and allegations of misuse</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Conviction_rate_and_allegations_of_misuse-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Conviction rate and allegations of misuse subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Conviction_rate_and_allegations_of_misuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conviction_rate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conviction_rate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Conviction rate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conviction_rate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_political_misuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_political_misuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Allegations of political misuse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_political_misuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acts_of_parliament_governing_the_ED" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acts_of_parliament_governing_the_ED"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Acts of parliament governing the ED</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acts_of_parliament_governing_the_ED-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="प्रवर्तन निदेशालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवर्तन निदेशालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AF" title="ಜಾರಿ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಾಲಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಾರಿ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಾಲಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="എൻഫോഴ്‌സ്‌മെന്റ് ഡയറക്ടറേറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എൻഫോഴ്‌സ്‌മെന്റ് ഡയറക്ടറേറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="अंमलबजावणी संचालनालय – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अंमलबजावणी संचालनालय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiston_Ijro_departamenti_(ED)" title="Hindiston Ijro departamenti (ED) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindiston Ijro departamenti (ED)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Enforcement Directorate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அமலாக்க இயக்குனரகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமலாக்க இயக்குனரகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ఎన్‌ఫోర్స్‌మెంట్‌ డైరెక్టరేట్‌ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎన్‌ఫోర్స్‌మెంట్‌ డైరెక్టరేట్‌" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5280618#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">Law enforcement agency and economic intelligence agency of India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Law enforcement agency</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;"><b>Enforcement Directorate</b><br /><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi">प्रवर्तन निदेशालय</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enforcement_Directorate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Official emblem of Enforcement Directorate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Enforcement_Directorate.svg/140px-Enforcement_Directorate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Enforcement_Directorate.svg/210px-Enforcement_Directorate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Enforcement_Directorate.svg/280px-Enforcement_Directorate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Official emblem of Enforcement Directorate</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">ED</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">1 May 1956<span class="noprint"><br />(68 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1956-05-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legal personality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_agency" title="Government agency">Government agency</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Jurisdictional structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency#fedlea" title="Law enforcement agency">Federal agency</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operations jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituting instruments</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Exchange_Management_Act" title="Foreign Exchange Management Act">Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Money_Laundering_Act,_2002" title="Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002">Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Economic_Offenders_Act,_2018" title="Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018">Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">General nature</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency#fedlea" title="Law enforcement agency">Federal law enforcement</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Operational structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Minister responsible</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Minister of Finance</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Rahul Navin, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Revenue_Service" title="Indian Revenue Service">IRS</a>, Director</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Revenue_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Revenue (India)">Department of Revenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enforcementdirectorate.gov.in/">enforcementdirectorate<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Enforcement Directorate</b> (ED) is a law enforcement and economic intelligence agency of the Government of India. Established on May 1, 1956, it is responsible for enforcing economic laws and combating financial crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ED operates under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance</a>, with its headquarters in New Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ED's primary mandate is to enforce two key laws: the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Money_Laundering_Act,_2002" title="Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002">Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Exchange_Management_Act" title="Foreign Exchange Management Act">Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA)</a>. Additionally, it is tasked with implementing the <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Economic_Offenders_Act,_2018" title="Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018">Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 (FEOA)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Directorate of Enforcement (ED) was established on May 1, 1956, as an "Enforcement Unit" within the Department of Economic Affairs, Government of India.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was created to handle violations of exchange control laws under the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Exchange_Regulation_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Exchange Regulation Act">Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947 (FERA '47)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, the unit was headed by a Legal Service Officer as the Director of Enforcement, assisted by an officer on deputation from the Reserve Bank of India and three inspectors from the Special Police Establishment. The unit started with two branches in Bombay (now Mumbai) and Calcutta (now Kolkata).<sup id="cite_ref-ed-history_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed-history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1957, the unit was renamed as the "Enforcement Directorate," and a new branch was opened in Madras (now Chennai). The administrative control of the Directorate was transferred from the Department of Economic Affairs to the Department of Revenue in 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-ed-history_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed-history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the years, the ED's mandate expanded. In 1973, FERA '47 was repealed and replaced by FERA, 1973. From 1973 to 1977, the Directorate was under the administrative jurisdiction of the Department of Personnel & Administrative Reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-ed-history_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed-history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With economic liberalization in the 1990s, FERA 1973 was repealed and replaced by the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA), which came into effect on June 1, 2000. The ED was entrusted with enforcing FEMA.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Money_Laundering_Act,_2002" title="Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002">Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA)</a> was enacted, and the ED was given the responsibility of enforcing it from July 1, 2005. More recently, the <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Economic_Offenders_Act,_2018" title="Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018">Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 (FEOA)</a> was passed, and the ED was entrusted with its enforcement from April 21, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-ed-history_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed-history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, the Enforcement Directorate operates under the Department of Revenue, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance, Government of India</a>, and plays a crucial role in combating economic crimes and enforcing economic laws in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-ed-history_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ed-history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizational_Structure">Organizational Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organizational Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Enforcement Directorate (ED) is headed by the Director of Enforcement, who is an officer of the rank of <a href="/wiki/Additional_secretary_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Additional secretary to the Government of India">Additional Secretary to the Government of India</a>. The Director is responsible for overseeing the agency's operations and reports to the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Director is assisted by several Special Directors, Additional Directors, Joint Directors, Deputy Directors, Assistant Directors, and Enforcement Officers. The organizational structure is designed to ensure efficient management and coordination across various regions and functions.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ED's headquarters is located in New Delhi, and it has five regional offices in Mumbai, Chennai, Chandigarh, Kolkata, and Delhi, each headed by a Special Director. These regional offices oversee the operations of zonal offices located in various cities across India, including Pune, Bengaluru, Chandigarh, Chennai, Kochi, Delhi, Panaji, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Jalandhar, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Patna, and Srinagar. Each zonal office is led by a Joint Director.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the zonal offices, the ED has sub-zonal offices in cities such as Mangaluru, Bhubaneshwar, Kozhikode, Indore, Madurai, Nagpur, Allahabad, Raipur, Dehradun, Ranchi, Surat, Shimla, Vishakhapatnam, and Jammu. These sub-zonal offices are headed by Deputy Directors.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ED's organizational structure also includes specialized units such as the Headquarters Office, Coordination, Intelligence, System & Training, Adjudication, and the Special Task Force (STF), each managed by Joint Directors and Special Directors.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_Courts">Special Courts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Special Courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) provides for the establishment of Special Courts to ensure the speedy trial of offenses under the Act.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_and_Composition">Establishment and Composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Establishment and Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Special Courts are established by the Central Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court.</li> <li>Each Special Court consists of a single judge appointed by the Central Government with the concurrence of the Chief Justice of the High Court.<sup id="cite_ref-indiacode_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indiacode-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jurisdiction_and_Powers">Jurisdiction and Powers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Jurisdiction and Powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Special Courts have exclusive jurisdiction to try offenses punishable under the PMLA. They follow the procedure prescribed in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC), for trials before a Court of Session.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supreme_Court_Rulings">Supreme Court Rulings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Supreme Court Rulings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In several landmark rulings, the Supreme Court of India has clarified the extent of the ED's powers, particularly concerning arrests and custody of accused individuals. </p> <ul><li><b>May 2024 Ruling on Arrest Powers</b>: On May 16, 2024, the Supreme Court ruled that the ED cannot arrest an accused under Section 19 of the PMLA after a Special Court has taken cognizance of the complaint. If the ED seeks custody of the accused for further investigation, it must apply to the Special Court, which will decide based on the necessity of custodial interrogation.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Conditions for Bail</b>: The Supreme Court also clarified that the stringent conditions for bail under Section 45 of the PMLA do not apply if the accused appears before the Special Court in response to a summons. This ruling makes it easier for accused individuals to obtain bail in money laundering cases.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Review of PMLA Amendments</b>: The Supreme Court has also reviewed amendments to the PMLA, addressing concerns about specific provisions such as the requirement to provide information reports to the accused and the reversal of the presumption of innocence.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_cases">Notable cases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notable cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Disputed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-disputed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/45px-System-search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/68px-System-search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/90px-System-search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's <b>factual accuracy is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Enforcement_Directorate#Disputed" title="Talk:Enforcement Directorate">talk page</a>. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliably sourced</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_Cases">Major Cases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Major Cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INX_Media_case" title="INX Media case">INX Media Case</a>: The ED played a significant role in the investigation of the INX Media case, which involved alleged financial irregularities and corruption. The case led to the arrest of several high-profile individuals, including former Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Mallya#Controversies" title="Vijay Mallya">Vijay Mallya Case</a>: The ED filed one of its longest charge sheets, approximately 5,300 pages, against Vijay Mallya, <a href="/wiki/Kingfisher_Airlines" title="Kingfisher Airlines">Kingfisher Airlines Ltd</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Breweries_Group" title="United Breweries Group">United Breweries (Holding) Ltd</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Money_Laundering_Act,_2002" title="Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002">Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA)</a>. The case involved allegations of money laundering and fraud.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2G_spectrum_case" title="2G spectrum case">2G Spectrum Case</a>: The ED investigated the 2G spectrum allocation scam, which was one of the largest corruption cases in India. The investigation led to the prosecution of several politicians and business executives.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_National_Bank_Scam" title="Punjab National Bank Scam">PNB Scam</a>: The ED was involved in the investigation of the Punjab National Bank (PNB) scam, which involved fraudulent transactions worth over ₹13,000 crore. The case led to the arrest of diamond merchants Nirav Modi and Mehul Choksi.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asset_Seizures">Asset Seizures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Asset Seizures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Seizure of Assets: Over the past eight years, the ED has conducted over 3,000 raids and seized assets worth more than ₹99 crore under the PMLA.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byju%27s#Accounting_practices" title="Byju's">Byju's Case</a>: On November 21, 2023, the ED issued a show-cause notice of ₹9,362 crore to Think & Learn, the company behind Byju's education platform, and its founder Byju Raveendran for alleged violations of forex rules while attracting foreign investments.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_Impact">Legislative Impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legislative Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Strengthening of Laws: The ED's investigations have led to significant legislative changes, including amendments to the <a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Money_Laundering_Act,_2002" title="Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002">Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA)</a> and the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_Economic_Offenders_Act,_2018" title="Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018">Fugitive Economic Offenders Act (FEOA)</a> in 2018. These laws have strengthened the agency's ability to combat economic crimes and ensure compliance with financial regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conviction_rate_and_allegations_of_misuse">Conviction rate and allegations of misuse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Conviction rate and allegations of misuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conviction_rate">Conviction rate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Conviction rate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Enforcement Directorate has reported a high conviction rate in money laundering cases, but this figure is based on a small number of completed trials. As of January 31, 2023, the ED had registered 5,906 Enforcement Case Information Reports (ECIRs) and arrested 513 persons.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, only a small fraction of these cases have completed trial. In July 2023, data shared by the union government in Parliament revealed that only 31 cases under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) had completed trial in the previous nine years. Of these, 29 resulted in convictions, yielding a conviction rate of 93.54%.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this rate exceeds the 57% national conviction rate for offences under the Indian Penal Code (IPC),<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is important to note that only 0.52% of PMLA cases have completed trial, compared to 10.5% of IPC cases.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_of_political_misuse">Allegations of political misuse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Allegations of political misuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ED has faced accusations of being used as a political tool, particularly against opposition parties. Critics argue that the agency has been selectively targeting opposition leaders, conducting raids, and making arrests, especially during election periods.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2024, 14 opposition parties filed a petition with the Supreme Court alleging misuse of the ED. Senior advocate A M Singhvi, representing the petitioners, argued that the number of politicians investigated by the ED had drastically risen after 2014, with 95% of those investigated belonging to opposition parties.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The allegations of misuse have been further fueled by incidents such as the one in August 2023, when <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Minister of State for External Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Lekhi" title="Meenakshi Lekhi">Meenakshi Lekhi</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)</a> warned opposition members during a parliamentary debate, saying, "<i>keep quiet, or ED may arrive at your home.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acts_of_parliament_governing_the_ED">Acts of parliament governing the ED</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Acts of parliament governing the ED"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation</a>, anti organised crime which are international, multi-state or multi-agency</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Revenue_Intelligence" title="Directorate of Revenue Intelligence">Directorate of Revenue Intelligence</a>, anti-smuggling</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Intelligence_Unit_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Intelligence Unit (India)">Financial Intelligence Unit</a>, anti money laundering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">National Investigation Agency</a>, anti terrorism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIA_Most_Wanted" title="NIA Most Wanted">NIA Most Wanted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotics_Control_Bureau" title="Narcotics Control Bureau">Narcotics Control Bureau</a>, anti drug trafficking</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_intelligence_agencies" title="List of Indian intelligence agencies">List of Indian intelligence agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Narcotics" title="Central Bureau of Narcotics">Central Bureau of Narcotics</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other countries</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Crimes_Enforcement_Network" title="Financial Crimes Enforcement Network">Financial Crimes Enforcement Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Foreign_Assets_Control" title="Office of Foreign Assets Control">Office of Foreign Assets Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serious_Fraud_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)">Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Agency" title="National Crime Agency">National Crime Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Japan)" title="National Police Agency (Japan)">National Police Agency (Japan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Criminal_Police_Office_(Germany)" title="Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)">Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enforcementdirectorate.gov.in/history-ed">"History of ED - Directorate of Enforcement"</a>. <i>Enforcement Directorate</i>. 14 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Enforcement+Directorate&rft.atitle=History+of+ED+-+Directorate+of+Enforcement&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenforcementdirectorate.gov.in%2Fhistory-ed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnforcement+Directorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dor.gov.in/foreignexchangemanagement/role-enforcement-directorate">"Role of Enforcement Directorate"</a>. <i>Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Revenue%2C+Ministry+of+Finance&rft.atitle=Role+of+Enforcement+Directorate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdor.gov.in%2Fforeignexchangemanagement%2Frole-enforcement-directorate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnforcement+Directorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enforcementdirectorate.gov.in/what-we-do">"What we do - Directorate of Enforcement"</a>. <i>Enforcement Directorate</i>. 14 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Enforcement+Directorate&rft.atitle=What+we+do+-+Directorate+of+Enforcement&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenforcementdirectorate.gov.in%2Fwhat-we-do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnforcement+Directorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enforcementdirectorate.gov.in/history-ed">"History of ED - Directorate of Enforcement"</a>. <i>Enforcement Directorate</i>. 14 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncrb.gov.in/uploads/nationalcrimerecordsbureau/custom/ciiyearwise2022/1701608543CrimeinIndia2022Book3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NCRB+Crime+Statistics+2022+Vol+3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fncrb.gov.in%2Fuploads%2Fnationalcrimerecordsbureau%2Fcustom%2Fciiyearwise2022%2F1701608543CrimeinIndia2022Book3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnforcement+Directorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.thewire.in/article/government/ed-is-claiming-it-has-a-high-conviction-rate-but-its-closed-only-25-cases-since-2005/amp">"ED Is Claiming it Has a High Conviction Rate – But it Has Closed Only 25 Cases Since 2005"</a>. <i>The Wire</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=ED+Is+Claiming+it+Has+a+High+Conviction+Rate+%E2%80%93+But+it+Has+Closed+Only+25+Cases+Since+2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.thewire.in%2Farticle%2Fgovernment%2Fed-is-claiming-it-has-a-high-conviction-rate-but-its-closed-only-25-cases-since-2005%2Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnforcement+Directorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncrb.gov.in/crime-in-india-year-wise.html?year=2022&keyword=">"भारत में अपराध वर्षवार | National Crime Records Bureau"</a>. <i>ncrb.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=India%27s+opposition+becomes+financial+crime+agency%27s+target+as+Modi+seeks+third+term&rft.date=2024-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Findia%2Fbeyond-modi-indias-opposition-struggles-with-financial-crime-agency-2024-03-22%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnforcement+Directorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/decoding-the-ed-understanding-its-history-powers-and-criticism-123112200730_1.html">"Decoding the ED: Understanding its history, powers, and criticism"</a>. <i>Business Standard</i>. 7 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard&rft.atitle=Decoding+the+ED%3A+Understanding+its+history%2C+powers%2C+and+criticism&rft.date=2023-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Findia-news%2Fdecoding-the-ed-understanding-its-history-powers-and-criticism-123112200730_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnforcement+Directorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230804032103/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/keep-quiet-or-ed-may-arrive-at-your-home-meenakshi-lekhi-warns-oppn-during-debate-over-delhi-ordinance-bill">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Keep Quiet Or ED May Arrive At Your Home': Meenakshi Lekhi Warns Oppn During Debate Over Delhi Ordinance Bill (WATCH)"</a>. <i>Free Press Journal</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/keep-quiet-or-ed-may-arrive-at-your-home-meenakshi-lekhi-warns-oppn-during-debate-over-delhi-ordinance-bill">the original</a> on 4 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Free+Press+Journal&rft.atitle=%27Keep+Quiet+Or+ED+May+Arrive+At+Your+Home%27%3A+Meenakshi+Lekhi+Warns+Oppn+During+Debate+Over+Delhi+Ordinance+Bill+%28WATCH%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freepressjournal.in%2Findia%2Fkeep-quiet-or-ed-may-arrive-at-your-home-meenakshi-lekhi-warns-oppn-during-debate-over-delhi-ordinance-bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnforcement+Directorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSDLyaDYn9k"><span class="plainlinks">Meenakshi Lekhi Warns Opposition Of ED Raid | Parliament Session</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF@Digitalhindi2023" class="citation web cs1">@Digitalhindi (3 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital-hindi.com/ed-full-form/">"What is ED and ED Full Form"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230104061907/https://digital-hindi.com/ed-full-form/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+ED+and+ED+Full+Form&rft.date=2023-01-03&rft.au=%40Digitalhindi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital-hindi.com%2Fed-full-form%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEnforcement+Directorate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enforcementdirectorate.gov.in/index_home.html?p1=1190221548130316763">Official website</a></span></span> <span 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Law_enforcement_in_India" title="Template:Law enforcement in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Law_enforcement_in_India" title="Template talk:Law enforcement in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Law_enforcement_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Law enforcement in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Law_enforcement_in_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_India" title="Law enforcement in India">Law enforcement in India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Law of India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="List of amendments of the Constitution of India">Amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_structure_doctrine" title="Basic structure doctrine">Basic structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directive_Principles" title="Directive 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India">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India">Judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_justices" title="List of current Indian chief justices">Chief Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_High_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sitting judges of High Courts of India">Judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_courts_of_India" title="District courts of India">District Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judicial_Magistrate_Court" title="Chief Judicial Magistrate Court">Chief Judicial Magistrate Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Munsiff_Court" title="District Munsiff Court">District Munsiff Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subordinate_judge" title="Subordinate judge">Subordinate Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gram_Nyayalayas_Act,_2008" title="Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008">Gram Nyayalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Adalat" title="Lok Adalat">Lok Adalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribunals_in_India" title="Tribunals in India">Tribunals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministries_and_departments_of_the_Government_of_India" title="List of ministries and departments of the Government of India">Ministries & departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_Commission_of_India" title="Law Commission of India">Law Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Ministry of Law and Justice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Home_(Bihar)" title="Department of Home (Bihar)">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Home_(Kerala)" title="Department of Home (Kerala)">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_Government_of_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Home Affairs Government of Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Home,_Prohibition_and_Excise" title="Department of Home, Prohibition and Excise">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Home_and_Confidential" title="Department of Home and Confidential">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Home_(West_Bengal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Home (West Bengal)">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_India" title="Crime in India">Crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse_laws_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Child sexual abuse laws in India">Against children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women_in_India" title="Violence against women in India">Against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste-related_violence_in_India" title="Caste-related violence in India">Caste related</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_India" title="Corruption in India">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_India" title="Mass surveillance in India">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_India" title="Rape in India">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_India" title="Suicide in India">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organised_crime_in_India" title="Organised crime in India">Organised</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_India" title="Drug policy of India">Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_black_money" title="Indian black money">Black money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawala" title="Hawala">Hawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paid_news_in_India" title="Paid news in India">Paid media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scandals_in_India" title="List of scandals in India">Scandals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_India" title="Terrorism in India">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Records_and_tracking" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Records and tracking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Records_Bureau" title="National Crime Records Bureau">National Crime Records Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_and_Criminal_Tracking_Network_and_Systems" title="Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems">Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_intelligence_agencies" title="List of Indian intelligence agencies">Intelligence agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Police_Research_and_Development" title="Bureau of Police Research and Development">Bureau of Police Research and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Revenue_Intelligence" title="Directorate of Revenue Intelligence">Directorate of Revenue Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">Intelligence Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Intelligence_Committee_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Intelligence Committee (India)">Joint Intelligence Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Technical_Research_Organisation" title="National Technical Research Organisation">National Technical Research Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Group_(India)" title="Special Group (India)">Special Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Frontier_Force" title="Special Frontier Force">Special Frontier Force</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Investigation_agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigation agency">Investigation agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Narcotics" title="Central Bureau of Narcotics">Central Bureau of Narcotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Income_Tax_Investigation" title="Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation">Directorate General of Income Tax Investigation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Enforcement Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigation_Division_of_the_Central_Board_of_Direct_Taxes" title="Investigation Division of the Central Board of Direct Taxes">Investigation Division of the Central Board of Direct Taxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotics_Control_Bureau" title="Narcotics Control Bureau">Narcotics Control Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">National Investigation Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Counter_Terrorism_Centre" title="National Counter Terrorism Centre">National Counter Terrorism Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Crime_Control_Bureau" title="Wildlife Crime Control Bureau">Wildlife Crime Control Bureau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Police_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Police in India">Police</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Police_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Police service">Police service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delhi,_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands_Police_Service" title="Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Police Service">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Police_Service_(Uttar_Pradesh)" title="Provincial Police Service (Uttar Pradesh)">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Police_Service_(Uttarakhand)" title="Provincial Police Service (Uttarakhand)">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Police_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="West Bengal Police Service">West Bengal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_police_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian police ranks">Police ranks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Police_(India)" title="Commissioner of Police (India)">Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_general_of_police" title="Director general of police">Director general</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Memorial_(India)" title="National Police Memorial (India)">National Police Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cases_of_police_brutality_in_India" title="List of cases of police brutality in India">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Complaints_Authority_(India)" title="Police Complaints Authority (India)">Police Complaints Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research and Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Police_Research_and_Development" title="Bureau of Police Research and Development">Bureau of Police Research and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Foundation_and_Institute" title="Indian Police Foundation and Institute">Indian Police Foundation and Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel_National_Police_Academy" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal police">Central agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Rifles" title="Assam Rifles">Assam Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Armed_Police_Forces" title="Central Armed Police Forces">Central Armed Police Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commando_Battalion_for_Resolute_Action" title="Commando Battalion for Resolute Action">Commando Battalion for Resolute Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Action_Force" title="Rapid Action Force">Rapid Action Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Railway_Police" title="Government Railway Police">Government Railway Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(India)" title="Home Guard (India)">Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guard" title="National Security Guard">National Security Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Force" title="Railway Protection Force">Railway Protection Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Group" title="Special Protection Group">Special Protection Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashastra_Seema_Bal" title="Sashastra Seema Bal">Sashastra Seema Bal</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Union_territories" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Union_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Union territories">Union territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Police" title="Andaman and Nicobar Police">Andaman and Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh_Police" title="Chandigarh Police">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Police" title="Delhi Police">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Police">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Police" title="Jammu and Kashmir Police">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh_Police" title="Ladakh Police">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep_Police" title="Lakshadweep Police">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_Police" title="Puducherry Police">Puducherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_police#India" title="State police">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Police" title="Andhra Pradesh Police">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Police" title="Arunachal Pradesh Police">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Police" title="Assam Police">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar_Police" title="Bihar Police">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh_Police" title="Chhattisgarh Police">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Police" title="Goa Police">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat_Police" title="Gujarat Police">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana_Police" title="Haryana Police">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh_Police" title="Himachal Pradesh Police">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Police" title="Jharkhand Police">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Police" title="Karnataka Police">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Police" title="Kerala Police">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_Police" title="Madhya Pradesh Police">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Police" title="Maharashtra Police">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Police" title="Manipur Police">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Police" title="Meghalaya Police">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram_Police" title="Mizoram Police">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Police" title="Nagaland Police">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Police" title="Odisha Police">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Police_(India)" title="Punjab Police (India)">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan_Police" title="Rajasthan Police">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Police" title="Sikkim Police">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu_Police" title="Tamil Nadu Police">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana_Police" title="Telangana Police">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Police" title="Tripura Police">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Police" title="Uttar Pradesh Police">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Police" title="Uttarakhand Police">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal_Police" title="West Bengal Police">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Armed_and_tactical_units" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/State_Armed_Police_Forces" title="State Armed Police Forces">Armed</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_police_tactical_units" title="List of police tactical units">tactical units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Terrorism_Squad" title="Anti-Terrorism Squad">Anti-Terrorism Squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Insurgency_Force" title="Counter Insurgency Force">Counter Insurgency Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Frontier_Rifles" title="Eastern Frontier Rifles">Eastern Frontier Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_One_(Mumbai_Police)" class="mw-redirect" title="Force One (Mumbai Police)">Force One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyhounds_(police)" title="Greyhounds (police)">Greyhounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Thunderbolts" title="Kerala Thunderbolts">Kerala Thunderbolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram_Armed_Police" title="Mizoram Armed Police">Mizoram Armed Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Police_SWAT_Team" title="Punjab Police SWAT Team">Punjab Police SWAT Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Group_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Special Operations Group (Jammu and Kashmir)">Special Operations Group (Jammu and Kashmir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operation_Group_(Odisha)" title="Special Operation Group (Odisha)">Special Operation Group (Odisha)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Tactical_Unit" title="Special Tactical Unit">Special Tactical Unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Provincial_Armed_Constabulary" title="Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary">Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Provincial_Armed_Constabulary" title="Uttarakhand Provincial Armed Constabulary">Uttarakhand Provincial Armed Constabulary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legal_education_in_India" title="Legal education in India">Bar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Council_of_India" title="Bar Council of India">Bar Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_India" title="Attorney General of India">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Solicitor General of India">Solicitor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additional_Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Additional Solicitor General of India">Additional Solicitor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocate_general_(India)" title="Advocate general (India)">Advocate General</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_emergency_telephone_numbers#Asia" title="List of emergency telephone numbers">Emergency phone numbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1-0-0" class="mw-redirect" title="1-0-0">1-0-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-0-8" class="mw-redirect" title="1-0-8">1-0-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1-1-2" class="mw-redirect" title="1-1-2">1-1-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Indian nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_activism_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial activism in India">Judicial activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_number_of_police_officers" title="List of countries and dependencies by number of police officers">Number of police officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendency_of_court_cases_in_India" title="Pendency of court cases in India">Pendency of court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Civil_Code" title="Uniform Civil Code">Uniform Civil Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&oldid=1243551715">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enforcement_Directorate&oldid=1243551715</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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