CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "epubs.siam.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '92d39afd2832ce26',cH: 'OqJFRbpZA_Z5tsaqdXZMIQJ44DeOopNq9Cb3DPQvx54-1744134609-1.2.1.1-aW0Usf12YW22mu1xvyyuWUccOUSgfw9M1gJjBNVS0v2ZD9V496SQ9DRyKdtchUiO',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1137\/090774100?__cf_chl_tk=QFZO63fVXQfgbHLDP3IfO.254Nt53w8M_gwc8GHILxE-1744134609-1.0.1.1-oUsKrYepfUdUpQdYvSLe1lKkdCY8L7bfY24HTjgg.pI",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1744134609',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported_browser_beacon",fa: "\/doi\/10.1137\/090774100?__cf_chl_f_tk=QFZO63fVXQfgbHLDP3IfO.254Nt53w8M_gwc8GHILxE-1744134609-1.0.1.1-oUsKrYepfUdUpQdYvSLe1lKkdCY8L7bfY24HTjgg.pI",md: "42ygmuSHVXqKAtDL9CStAo6fbOTTLeRmG6.3iuKw.7o-1744134609-1.2.1.1-5ozryS1HFjOo6fp8QBNk4wk.Z7EsokzhpZRyK1JYxDeJNf9rvQEsjrSOoe5PxOOeARr0yvZS2JdupSA0n5IBx4.K5ZE73AB4ulZWXWha_ffz8caI6PAdBIh83NSnq1uSCJMU7bMq71iyrXqLnvPxEhMOGz9cuRvXek9B0tPaP843SMyqMsmGuAXF.lZMCNZSIfrfJJOVUDD8YdgnM8YrBPYS1Xs8hvmtlYh_tzqfU8Tp7IdqUJmEvaz8x0ZAw8lBs3DaHBYsfwZbcFDhYvZcoKNzSt1cBOgW0RpT4ZWNcCcw2eB_urBZKX8SWA.0FLCpr53es1dQLSIeoomWROFfmutQdbtcHq_q81yTnGbse_Y1Sm_uY5EqTVVXwl2J0q036kZgPQn_QCxldb983dD833gyyAqQZaTa.yuQdvZPSEbp9VeCLXmwg6nheOlgJc2ngeB31.k_x6m.R_ws.E5HGqBu6HHb6dEBhuEKSQ8kR0tsWPKU019ThQv_HlLOEDCpUUhyh1SJsMS_oN_CDgZAly6E4bu.YzB5HXcUiiRGYTUUvF02a7bMycAyZSzFzxvvYrLg_Ip_ccvGUXTDdLbmyYbRRL1Ip_OoIiBYkdEjdxYIaQiYyCqiEJphlOcOzqBeYegOj4N9oJ96TpX7EZAiRuaucKaWjzONVcxjhlwwQr.Fyn.Nhgjq7fLPhVlFKYfdgUp38vh0Gw507pRO_tZYhcZ1UW.cEPzSqESQOCtN6R2dKNRLz7uBEbEFQCUyxgYHcM3JKJMoxOOwOXecO4f3JRFm8wAqixHJo.9FP._sxZSQa7n5Mknxw2vPi9S5ku9sr9WBUfwxs05o4DQXGmtYSI5IApjNsoTuNfw75wAK.BwYXCeVhZM_wv3eMknGAga7MquFNMe_RIGUMxY3eGidk4Bxkws0mX4aVhIsM4DZjoWXLeJSL5afgR4GEZuuX.PDd5YRhLdtq6YGiefAymhknceBzI9KPamzAvjTWI6yHS_BJ_41xdJRAVlUpZ8ZHytmfxwPROn1EChlCqjHRsJ0Bwl2o3KAD_jdGqYhckOCDe_QoDW0r_hleOrEswAWBNgHpJatcRPmlGVq0LZb1ycD6oZbOracsmaLRpE8AUrIt2qQu4edUWt4IeWfEJroFFr3e.b5Qym8f.FTK_Max.9jNKyzkQCcjkRoFZL59MxwSO4hSJEriYbhtFHzU37OgyFLFVXxTf9smrgzvAjW60ayK1SeeX5QNCMKh3_xxkwt8KIJWQVWeSGsPbQpvltS_dqT",mdrd: "Xf52.xWWq8F1sWVkwv2ju1cgaiw7l3YMkZ57a1DxVl0-1744134609-1.2.1.1-dh6TKOLUaWHu_D6d1T9Q9KP7zXb9VzRVaST4YQ1I.iE5OziCyNd15TAVC3IiGRmtXBQaY.uaEZlaHdUbple4HLAc1k6jwUa6gaPRjDQTesm7rfOPxiAsLNJtIbGNd.CBjjvW67EIVURfVrGSjOVacE0jW5Je_TUxLczK0LqrTY1kbPH6OOK0IxW3G4w2sUURHeiMcXrmZslByH566l5JtNX8qMgtr2Tqdc_9r7UNZ3W1WH6shgKW2p89g9cRm6sTgvOM56cJeNV19F.bzbE_00Mqvt0td6fe3E2OAbCL2UlP8ssyi6c4JRXva9b4VA8sWN454jKBAkM70UQkLMG3dJ7WYMte8deRPvRvx9RsGdRjbQK29vNbTN1t8rktI6VyBJilZ0GLDtdk1sYn5HUWDJSO5n.5y5OJ9AMIEfUJd93VBpDVqGQQ5AFgHdvV9__4i6qEt1bbMHxylvl3EL_UQtkpzMFQ36U5t0VXlEW5X0dec0wNYINJYKqyPpAlak9rXP9R5VblnuhsBWeTud95h777vvkdM.EfM_L77kx_nUxbVED1WYHdE3iXf4o0kU3_GbHkso47rXEqc3XZllbLXnosXILZtayG0THE21ILbdrB2TiRezaZ3rLQM3T9vIxRkq5kL.xFdtcl3IPP2sf_mwZLAT7D6Rlb9Y7XFNljlnNV1RKTu.K39Cw.W1BJOwkgzuwDUgx0Zg2yO6SC.QiZXqlhzim4_lSHc2_xy_uY5nfj_MswYWlDY2tQJKqi9Ot37dxOgtDGsJ2LODfJAQuroBPloQhFLPzF9s4eD4JYGUh0YBTEtfByQLKDWblQl1J8GhvnAuc6GIfYNIkdINilyPvVGxEhxuTel13Tuxq9fnEajgKmTJNeYnDbtMZs7gEqZIuZBK.fdJ.fZ0qb7iJBgIMvzP0lnBj0r2EuESFTbcPHMgRE5.L229kHLpetT0xu2k0J3i7Cno3mTJmr3yQQsaixngwbFZuKKeUlJs5fPJyCOaVVICBkwevaUoipz2jSBu2cdoQIrTo_97Ruji0hzxQ9PQxYi7VVdrdKCjSvTCFfSNJRETjU71bjRFMMjABBVveIU18pMdgeGEI4Iuw2NJC6wH57xDdN4y3XUI4azMHts2vJXRLosyOoDsd_PR.Xz0Wlr07CFTykBJS4oxm.Yl_JUcLjtih0C.0OdSsFZeDV8y29TW3c6Cn0o6LsSL8tNMml8FPl5UkIIPSZpK19DEuPB17h9KxxKLF9faJOuL760mCWByZkMyJYQmC_fOxMEbaGTkb1bICA551ixywvoiwTFU5EgbcQe4X3cE4LEmeGYGjXXqekZY2RNPGfXQuoFRb2bPvtqiy7KCZn6JX2Sxn_uls7IEcAldKkQqNfclP5BB4srYDs591K7zCzgHAB__a86Ev2e8UlAjjJun4WrUeyglrHONLzCFH820x8QFC4oiI.1QQSsvWWzHlCmDOEKiXO5rxiN0nv4mOvX0ftO7NbZFRz6_7hyLkVbaQ4nMMzb0PdMDwe1NrLqOle4a2SI7b8D1P0j06AEmXbDwYB0TunIS0jmGKauYV329tdnmhW2ouEAIwQP3XHm2PZOXySvjr7rtIAjQ8nsPn6zBM.ti6kRazbL2VduQFp2JbKgMFhGpf_2AJJG1acYpy_P1MnDUgq3bW0uukxKaeK3m.N8XewheJ5aiMv8E8igSCQLYqRtPiNsK.8ZoN.phM7cyhC9jTkYUQ_7IrALlyBcMswsPw2fYTPj39a62jnfw11pXdZ80HOc_p26t4.MSomizCjym3mya5Yn.Bp5nF1DnniA8LlhQx0Oho3mK0sXHl47YlOWRZcjsUZayY.GYxk9BB.C.GHeUDMrrxIaMohtho1NXX77Q0lOQpsFLKW8uj6BZJSCgQQAXrjF_zhh_Phm8pa.ulw4CtUSsne2btgw4Yro_iLcZxv.ey7XIu.15DO5u6QwcQ.uNkKSM2mPH7QQP.rdVeMOPxkxZaHJKHmHKGojH0_5FdpaJLz8BrMtf.GmuFE0ER8YVK7ORs_Yy1HP8F7mSb7xPZRbNLXHO4eoHIb8jfolShTgoSiltCXka.WuLk"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=92d39afd2832ce26';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1137\/090774100?__cf_chl_rt_tk=QFZO63fVXQfgbHLDP3IfO.254Nt53w8M_gwc8GHILxE-1744134609-1.0.1.1-oUsKrYepfUdUpQdYvSLe1lKkdCY8L7bfY24HTjgg.pI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>