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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-Islamic_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Islamic_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Pre-Islamic era </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pre-Islamic_era-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Pre-Islamic era subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Pre-Islamic_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Migration_to_Jabal_Tayy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration_to_Jabal_Tayy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Migration to Jabal Tayy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration_to_Jabal_Tayy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Sassanids_and_Byzantines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Sassanids_and_Byzantines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Relations with Sassanids and Byzantines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Sassanids_and_Byzantines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fifth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Fifth century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sixth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Sixth century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Islamic era </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Islamic_era-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Islamic era subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Islamic_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prophet_Muhammad's_days" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prophet_Muhammad's_days"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Prophet Muhammad's days </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prophet_Muhammad's_days-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ridda_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ridda_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Ridda Wars </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ridda_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rashidun_conquests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rashidun_conquests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Rashidun conquests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rashidun_conquests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Umayyad_period" class="vector-toc-list-item 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href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thayyi%27" title="Thayyi' – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Thayyi'" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Tayy" title="Banu Tayy – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Banu Tayy" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beni_Tay" title="Beni Tay – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beni Tay" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B7%DB%92" title="بنو طے – 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Banu Tayy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="border-top: #aaa 1px solid; border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/Kahlan" title="Kahlan">Kahlanite</a> Arab tribe</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Tayy_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tayy_Flag.svg/220px-Tayy_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tayy_Flag.svg/330px-Tayy_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tayy_Flag.svg/440px-Tayy_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="780" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Banner of the Tayy from the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin" title="Battle of Siffin">Battle of Siffin</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nisba_(onomastics)" title="Nisba (onomastics)">Nisba</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: الطائي, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: Aṭ-Ṭāʾī</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">2nd century CE–10th century: <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Shammar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Shammar">Jabal Tayy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert" title="Syrian Desert">Syrian Desert</a> 10th century–16th century: Jabal Tayy, Syrian Desert, <a href="/wiki/Al-Sharat" title="Al-Sharat">Jibal al-Sharat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transjordan_(region)" title="Transjordan (region)">al-Balqa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyrene Steppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamia</a>, Northern <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Descended from</th><td class="infobox-data">Julhumah ibn 'Udad ibn Malik ibn 'Udad ibn Zaid</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent tribe</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Madhhaj" title="Madhhaj">Madhhaj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branches</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Sakher" title="Bani Sakher">Bani Sakher</a></li> <li>Al al-Ghawth</li> <li>Banu Thu'al</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarrahids" title="Jarrahids">Banu Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Fadl" title="Al Fadl">Al Fadl</a></li> <li>Banu Nabhan</li> <li>Banu Hani</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shammar" title="Shammar">Shammar</a></li> <li>Al Jadilah</li> <li>Al al-Tha'alib</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Lam" title="Banu Lam">Banu Lam</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Polytheism</a> (pre-630) <a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysite Christianity</a> (pre-638) <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (post 630)</td></tr></tbody></table> The Tayy (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: طيء/<a href="/wiki/ALA-LC" class="mw-redirect" title="ALA-LC">ALA-LC</a>: Ṭayyi’), <a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">(Musnad</a>: 𐩷𐩺), also known as Ṭayyi, Tayyaye, or Taiyaye, are a large and ancient <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> tribe, among whose descendants today are the tribes of <a href="/wiki/Bani_Sakher" title="Bani Sakher">Bani Sakher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shammar" title="Shammar">Shammar</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nisba_(onomastics)" title="Nisba (onomastics)">nisba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a>) of Tayy is aṭ-Ṭāʾī (ٱلطَّائِي). In the second century CE, they migrated to the northern <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian</a> ranges of the <a href="/wiki/Shammar_Mountains" title="Shammar Mountains">Shammar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salma_Mountains" title="Salma Mountains">Salma Mountains</a>, which then collectively became known as the Jabal Tayy, and later Jabal Shammar. The latter continues to be the traditional homeland of the tribe until the present day. They later established relations with the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> empires. Though traditionally allied with the Sasanian client state of the <a href="/wiki/Lakhmid_kingdom" title="Lakhmid kingdom">Lakhmids</a>, the Tayy supplanted them as the rulers of <a href="/wiki/Al-Hirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hirah">al-Hirah</a> in the 610s. In the late sixth century, the Fasad War split the Tayy, with members of its Jadila branch converting to Christianity and migrating to Syria where they became allied with the <a href="/wiki/Ghassanids" title="Ghassanids">Ghassanids</a>, and the Ghawth branch remaining in Jabal Tayy. A chieftain and poet of the Al Ghawth, <a href="/wiki/Hatim_al-Tai" title="Hatim al-Tai">Hatim al-Ta'i</a>, is widely known among Arabs until today. <a href="/wiki/Adi_ibn_Hatim" title="Adi ibn Hatim">Adi ibn Hatim</a> and another Tayy chieftain, <a href="/wiki/Zayd_al-Khayr" title="Zayd al-Khayr">Zayd al-Khayr</a>, converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> together with much of their tribe in 629–630, and became <a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">companions of the Prophet</a>. The Tayy participated in several Muslim military campaigns after Muhammad's death, including in the <a href="/wiki/Ridda_Wars" title="Ridda Wars">Ridda Wars</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim conquest of Persia</a>. Al-Jadila in northern <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> remained Christian until the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Muslim conquest of the Levant</a> in 638. The Tayy were split during the <a href="/wiki/First_Fitna" title="First Fitna">First Fitna</a>, with those based in <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> supporting <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> as caliph and those in Syria supporting <a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'awiya">Mu'awiya</a>. The latter and his <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad kinsmen</a> ultimately triumphed and members of the Tayy participated in the Umayyad conquest of <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> in the early eighth century. Nonetheless, a branch of the Tayy under <a href="/wiki/Qahtaba_ibn_Shabib_al-Ta%27i" title="Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i">Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i</a> were among the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid Revolution">Abbasid Revolution</a> which toppled the Umayyads in the mid-eighth century. The Tayy fared well under the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>, producing military officials and renowned poets such as <a href="/wiki/Buhturi" title="Buhturi">Buhturi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Tammam" title="Abu Tammam">Abu Tammam</a>. By the mid-9th century, Abbasid authority had eroded and the Tayy were left dominant in the southern Syrian Desert and Jabal Tayy. Under the <a href="/wiki/Jarrahids" title="Jarrahids">Jarrahids</a>, they established themselves in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> under <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a> rule. As the virtually independent rulers of the area between <a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a> and Jabal Tayy, they controlled the key routes between Egypt, Syria, Arabia and Iraq. They vacillated between the Fatimids and the Byzantines and then between the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">Crusaders</a> until the late 12th and early 13th centuries, when the Tayy's various subbranches, chief among them the <a href="/wiki/Al_Fadl" title="Al Fadl">Al Fadl</a>, were left as the last politically influential Arab tribe in the region extending from <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> northward to <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamia</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genealogy">Genealogy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Genealogy">edit</a>]</div> The Tayy's <a href="/wiki/Progenitor" title="Progenitor">progenitor</a>, according to early Arab genealogists, was Julhumah ibn Udad, who was known as "Tayy" or "Tayyi".<a href="#cite_note-Brau624-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tabari85-2">[2]</a> The theory in some Arab tradition, as cited by 9th-century Muslim historian <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">al-Tabari</a>, holds that Julhumah's <a href="/wiki/Laqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Laqab">laqab</a> (surname) of Ṭayyiʾ derived from the word ṭawā, which in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> means "to plaster".<a href="#cite_note-Tabari85-2">[2]</a> He received the name because he was said to have been "the first to have plastered the walls of a well", according to al-Tabari.<a href="#cite_note-Tabari85-2">[2]</a> Julhumah's ancestry was traced to <a href="/wiki/Kahlan" title="Kahlan">Kahlan ibn Saba ibn Ya'rub</a>, great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/Qahtan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qahtan">Qahtan</a>, the semi-legendary, common ancestor of the Arab tribes of southern Arabia. Julhumah was a direct descendant of Kahlan via Julhumah's father Zayd ibn Yashjub,<a href="#cite_note-Tabari85-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rabbih294-3">[3]</a> who in turn was a direct descendant of 'Arib ibn Zayd ibn Kahlan.<a href="#cite_note-Rabbih294-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Branches">Branches</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Branches">edit</a>]</div> The two main branches of Tayy were Al al-Ghawth and Al Jadilah. The former was named after al-Ghawth, a son of Julhumah.<a href="#cite_note-Rabbih294-3">[3]</a> The immediate offspring of al-Ghawth's son, 'Amr, were Thu'al, Aswadan (commonly known as Nabhan), Hani, Bawlan and Salaman.<a href="#cite_note-Rabbih295-4">[4]</a> The offspring of Thu'al (Banu Thu'al) and Aswadan (Banu Nabhan) became leading sub-branches of the Tayy in northern Arabia, while the offspring of Hani (Banu Hani) became a major sub-branch in southern Mesopotamia.<a href="#cite_note-Rabbih295-4">[4]</a> According to traditional Arab genealogists, the Banu Thu'al were the ancestors of the <a href="/wiki/Jarrahids#Descendants" title="Jarrahids">Banu Rabi'ah</a> of Syria, and in turn of the <a href="/wiki/Al_Fadl" title="Al Fadl">Al Fadl</a> emirs.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The Al Jadilah's namesake was a woman of the Tayy named Jadilah, whose sons Hur and Jundub became the progenitors of Banu Hur and Banu Jundub, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Rabbih294-3">[3]</a> The latter produced the numerous Al al-Tha'alib (Tha'laba) subbranch, which itself produced the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Lam" title="Banu Lam">Banu La'm</a>, which became a leading sub-branch of Al Jadilah in northern Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-Rabbih294-3">[3]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jarm" title="Jarm">Jarm</a> (or Jurum) may have also been a branch of the Al al-Tha'alib.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> According to the 14th-century Arab historian and sociologist, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a>, the Tayy were among those Qahtanite tribes who lived in the hills and plains of Syria and Mesopotamia and intermarried with non-Arabs.<a href="#cite_note-Khaldun99-7">[7]</a> Ibn Khaldun further stated that Tayyid tribesmen did "not pay any attention to preserving the (purity of) lineage of their families and groups".<a href="#cite_note-Khaldun99-7">[7]</a> Thus the lineage of the Tayy's many subbranches was difficult for genealogists to accurately ascertain.<a href="#cite_note-Khaldun99-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-Islamic_era">Pre-Islamic era</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-Islamic era">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration_to_Jabal_Tayy">Migration to Jabal Tayy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Migration to Jabal Tayy">edit</a>]</div> The Banu Tayy were originally based in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, but migrated to northern <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a> in the late 2nd century CE,<a href="#cite_note-Fattah127-8">[8]</a> in the years following the dispersion of the <a href="/wiki/Azd" title="Azd">Banu Azd</a> from Yemen.<a href="#cite_note-Kay217-9">[9]</a> They largely lived among the north Arabian mountain ranges of Aja and Salma with <a href="/wiki/Khaybar" title="Khaybar">Khaybar</a> north of Medina as their most important oasis, and from there they would make incursions into Syria and Iraq during times of drought.<a href="#cite_note-Fattah127-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rets-10">[10]</a> Their concentration in Jabal Aja and Jabal Salma lent the mountain ranges their ancient, collective name "Jabal Tayy".<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> Prior to the Tayy migration, the mountains had been the home of the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Assad" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Assad">Banu Assad</a>, who lost some territory with the arrival of Tayyid tribesmen.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> However, the two tribes ultimately became allies in later centuries and intermarried.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> In ancient times, the two main branches of the Tayy were the Al al-Ghawth and Al Jadila.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> The tribesmen lived in different parts of the region, with those living among the mountains known as the "al-Jabaliyyun" (the Mountaineers), those on the plain (mostly from Al Jadila) known as "as-Sahiliyyun" (the Plainsmen) and those on the desert sands known as "al-Ramliyyun".<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relations_with_Sassanids_and_Byzantines">Relations with Sassanids and Byzantines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Relations with Sassanids and Byzantines">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fifth_century">Fifth century</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fifth century">edit</a>]</div> The Tayy were so widespread and influential throughout the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert" title="Syrian Desert">Syrian Desert</a> that <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> authors from Mesopotamia used their name, Taienos, Tayenoi, Taiyaya or Tayyaye (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%9D%DC%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:ܛܝܝܐ">ܛܝܝܐ</a>), to describe Arab tribesmen in general in much the same way "<a href="/wiki/Saracen" title="Saracen">Saracenos</a>" was often used by authors from Byzantine Syria and Egypt as a generic term for Arabs.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shahid117-14">[14]</a> The Syriac word also entered into the language of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanid Persians</a> as Tâzī (<a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Persian language">Middle Persian</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/t%CA%BEcy%27" class="extiw" title="wikt:tʾcy'">tʾcy'</a>)and later Tâzī (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:تازی">تازی</a>), also meaning "Arab".<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> For the Tayy specifically, the Syriac authors would use the word "Tu'aye".<a href="#cite_note-Shahid117-14">[14]</a> The Tayy were subjects of the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid Persians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> However, they were also counted as allies by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>' chief Arab <a href="/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati">foederati</a> in the early to mid-5th century, the <a href="/wiki/Sal%C4%ABhids" class="mw-redirect" title="Salīhids">Salihids</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> The Tayy are mentioned in the late 5th century as having raided numerous villages in the plains and mountains of the Syrian Desert, including parts of Byzantine territory.<a href="#cite_note-Greatrex49-18">[18]</a> This prompted the Byzantine army to mobilize its Arab clients at the desert frontiers with Sassanid-held Mesopotamia to confront the Tayy.<a href="#cite_note-Greatrex49-18">[18]</a> The Byzantines demanded restitution from the Tayy, but the Sassanid general Qardag Nakoragan instead opened negotiations that called for the Byzantines' Arab clients to restore livestock and captives taken from Sassanid territory in previous years in return for compensation from the Tayy.<a href="#cite_note-Greatrex49-18">[18]</a> The negotiations succeeded, and moreover, the Sassanids and Byzantines delineated their borders to prevent future raiding between their respective Arab clients.<a href="#cite_note-Greatrex49-18">[18]</a> However, to the embarrassment of the Sassanids and the outrage of the Byzantines, four hundred Tayyid tribesmen raided several minor villages in Byzantine territory while representatives of the two sides were meeting in <a href="/wiki/Nisibis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nisibis">Nisibis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greatrex49-18">[18]</a> Despite this violation of the bilateral agreement, the Sassanid-Byzantine peace held.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sixth_century">Sixth century</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sixth century">edit</a>]</div> Throughout the 6th century, the Tayy continued their relations with the Sassanids and their chief Arab clients, the <a href="/wiki/Lakhmids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhmids">Lakhmids</a> of Mesopotamia.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> Towards the end of the 6th century, a Tayyid chief named Hassan assisted the Sassanid king <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> when the latter fled from his usurper, <a href="/wiki/Bahr%C4%81m_Ch%C5%8Dbin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahrām Chōbin">Bahram Chobin</a>, by giving Khosrow a horse.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> A few years later, the Lakhmid governor of <a href="/wiki/Al-Hirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hirah">al-Hirah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Nu%27man_III_ibn_al-Mundhir" title="Al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir">al-Nu'man III</a> fell out with Khosrow II, who had been restored to the Sassanid throne, and sought safety with the Tayy.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> The tribe refused to grant refuge to al-Nu'man, who was married to two Tayyid women, and he was ultimately killed by the Sassanids in 602.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> A Tayyid chief, <a href="/wiki/Iyas_ibn_Qabisah_al-Ta%27i" title="Iyas ibn Qabisah al-Ta'i">Iyas ibn Qabisah al-Ta'i</a>, subsequently migrated to al-Hirah with some of his tribesmen and became its governor, ruling from 602 to 611 CE.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Banu_Bakr" title="Banu Bakr">Banu Bakr ibn Wa'il</a> tribe opposed the rule of Iyas and began raiding Sassanid territory in southern Mesopotamia.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In response, Iyas commanded pro-Sassanid Arab and Persian troops against the Banu Bakr at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dhi_Qar" title="Battle of Dhi Qar">Battle of Dhi Qar</a> in 609, in which the Sassanids were defeated.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Irfan_Shahid" class="mw-redirect" title="Irfan Shahid">Irfan Shahid</a>, evidence suggests clans of the Tayy moved into Byzantine-held Syria beginning in the 6th century.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> By then, the <a href="/wiki/Ghassanids" title="Ghassanids">Ghassanids</a> had largely supplanted the Salihids as the Byzantines' main foederati, and the Salihids began living alongside the Tayy in the region of <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In the late 6th century, the Al al-Ghawth and Al Jadila fought against each other in the 25-year-long Fasad War (harb al-Fasad) in northern Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-Ali-xliii-22">[22]</a> Numerous atrocities were committed by both factions and the war resulted in the migration of several Jadila clans from the north Arabian plains to Syria,<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-HittiBaladhuri224-23">[23]</a> while the Al Al-Ghawth remained in Jabal Aja and Jabal Salma.<a href="#cite_note-HittiBaladhuri224-23">[23]</a> The Jadila tribesmen founded a hadir (military encampment) near <a href="/wiki/Qinnasrin" title="Qinnasrin">Qinnasrin</a> (Chalcis) called "Hadir Tayyi" after the tribe.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-HittiBaladhuri224-23">[23]</a> The Ghassanid king <a href="/wiki/Al-Harith_ibn_Jabalah" title="Al-Harith ibn Jabalah">al-Harith ibn Jabalah</a> brokered a peace between the Tayy factions, ending the Fasad War.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Afterward, the Tayy's relations with the Ghassanids, which had previously been checkered, were much improved.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> The Al Jadila converted to Christianity, the religion adopted decades earlier by the Ghassanids.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> Some other clans of the Banu Tayy remained pagan, worshiping the <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">deities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ruda_(deity)" title="Ruda (deity)">Ruda</a> and al-Fils.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> Those who converted to Christianity apparently embraced their new faith zealously and produced two well-known priests, named in Syriac sources as Abraham and Daniel.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid117-14">[14]</a> Sometime during the 6th century, the Tayy and the Asad formed a confederation, which was later joined by the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Ghatafan" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Ghatafan">Banu Ghatafan</a> as well.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The alliance collapsed when Asad and Ghatafan assaulted both the Al al-Ghawth and Al Jadilah and drove them out of their territories in Jabal Tayy.<a href="#cite_note-TabariDonner68-26">[26]</a> However, one of the leaders of the Asad, Dhu al-Khimarayn Awf al-Jadhami defected from the Ghatafan soon after and reestablished the alliance with the Tayy.<a href="#cite_note-TabariDonner68-26">[26]</a> Together, they campaigned against Ghatafan and restored their territories in Jabal Tayy.<a href="#cite_note-TabariDonner68-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islamic_era">Islamic era</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Islamic era">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prophet_Muhammad's_days">Prophet Muhammad's days</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Prophet Muhammad's days">edit</a>]</div> The Tayy's initial reaction to the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in Arabia was varied, with some embracing the new faith and others resistant. The Tayyid clans of Jabal Tayy, all of whom lived within close proximity of each other, had maintained close relationships with the inhabitants and tribes of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>, the setting of Islam's birth.<a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui89-27">[27]</a> Among their contacts in Mecca were tribesmen from the <a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a>, the tribe of the Islamic prophet and leader, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui89-27">[27]</a> There was a degree of intermarriage between the Tayy and Quraysh.<a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui89-27">[27]</a> The Tayy also had a level of interaction with the Jewish tribe of <a href="/wiki/Banu_Nadir" title="Banu Nadir">Banu Nadir</a>, with the father of one of its leading members and enemy of the early Muslims, <a href="/wiki/Ka%27b_ibn_al-Ashraf" title="Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf">Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf</a> (died 624), being from Tayy.<a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui89-27">[27]</a> In the first years of Muhammad's mission, individual members of certain Tayyid clans converted to Islam.<a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui90-28">[28]</a> Among these early converts were Suwayd ibn Makhshi who fought against the pagan Arabs of Mecca, including two of his kinsmen, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Battle of Badr</a> in 624 CE; Walid ibn Zuhayr who served as a guide for the Muslims in their expedition against the Banu Asad in <a href="/wiki/Qatan" title="Qatan">Qatan</a> in 625; and Rafi' ibn Abi Rafi' who fought under Muslim commander <a href="/wiki/Amr_ibn_al-As" title="Amr ibn al-As">Amr ibn al-As</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chains" title="Battle of Chains">Battle of Chains</a> in October 629.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In 630, Muhammad dispatched his cousin <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Abi Talib">Ali ibn Abi Talib</a> on an expedition to destroy the Tayy's principal idol, al-Fils, in Jabal Aja.<a href="#cite_note-Brau624-1">[1]</a> As a result of the expedition, the Tayy's Kufa-based Christian chieftain, <a href="/wiki/Adi_ibn_Hatim" title="Adi ibn Hatim">Adi ibn Hatim</a>, who belonged to the Banu Thu'ayl branch of Al al-Ghawth,<a href="#cite_note-Landau62-30">[30]</a> fled to Syria with some of his tribesmen to join other Tayyid clans, but his sister was captured.<a href="#cite_note-Haykal-31">[31]</a> The Tayyid clans that remained in Jabal Tayy, including Banu Ma'n, Banu Aja, Banu Juwayn and Banu Mu'awiya, converted to Islam.<a href="#cite_note-Siddiqui90-28">[28]</a> Meanwhile, Adi's sister beckoned Muhammad to release her, which he did after learning that her father was Hatim ibn Abdullah.<a href="#cite_note-Haykal-31">[31]</a> Out of respect for the latter's honorable reputation, Muhammad gave her good clothes and money and had her escorted to her family in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-Haykal-31">[31]</a> Impressed by Muhammad's treatment of his sister, Adi met Muhammad and converted to Islam, along with most of his kinsmen.<a href="#cite_note-Haykal-31">[31]</a> In 630–31, a delegation of fifteen Tayyid chiefs led by <a href="/wiki/Zayd_al-Khayr" title="Zayd al-Khayr">Zayd al-Khayl</a>, who belonged to the Banu Nabhan clan of the Al al-Ghawth,<a href="#cite_note-Landau62-30">[30]</a> converted to Islam and pledged allegiance to Muhammad. The latter was uniquely impressed by Zayd,<a href="#cite_note-Haykal-31">[31]</a> who died a year later.<a href="#cite_note-Landau57-32">[32]</a> Thus by the time of Muhammad's death, the Arabia-based clans of the Al Jadilah and Al al-Ghawth had become Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-Omidsalar-33">[33]</a> In doing so, they firmly broke away from their long-time alliance with the Banu Assad and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Ghatafan" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Ghatafan">Banu Ghatafan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Patel140-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ridda_Wars">Ridda Wars</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ridda Wars">edit</a>]</div> Following Muhammad's death in 632, several Arab tribes rebelled against his <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a> successor, Caliph <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>, switching their allegiance to <a href="/wiki/Tulayha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulayha">Tulayha</a> of the Banu Asad. The Tayy's allegiance during the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Ridda_Wars" title="Ridda Wars">Ridda Wars</a> is a "widely disputed matter", according to historian Ella Landau-Tasseron.<a href="#cite_note-Landau53-35">[35]</a> Some Muslim traditions claim all of the Tayy remained committed to Islam, while <a href="/wiki/Sayf_ibn_Umar" title="Sayf ibn Umar">Sayf ibn Umar</a>'s tradition holds they all defected. Landau-Tasseron asserts that neither extreme is correct, with some Tayy leaders, foremost among them Adi ibn Hatim, fighting on the Muslim side and others joining the rebels. However, Tayyid rebels did not engage in direct conflict with the Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-Landau53-35">[35]</a> Muhammad had appointed Adi to collect <a href="/wiki/Sadaqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadaqa">sadaqa</a> (tribute) from the Tayy and Banu Asad.<a href="#cite_note-Landau54-36">[36]</a> After Muhammad's death and the resulting chaos among the Muslims and the belief that Islam would imminently collapse, those among the Tayy who had paid their sadaqa (in this case, 300 camels) to Adi demanded the return of their camels or they would rebel.<a href="#cite_note-Landau54-36">[36]</a> Adi either advised them to abandon this demand because Islam would survive Muhammad's death and they would be viewed as traitors or threatened to fight against them if they revolted.<a href="#cite_note-Landau54-36">[36]</a> After this encounter, the accounts of contemporary and early Muslim historians vary.<a href="#cite_note-Landau54-36">[36]</a> It is clear, that Adi played an integral role in preventing much of the rebellious clans of Tayy from actually fighting the Muslims and preventing the Muslims from attacking the Tayy.<a href="#cite_note-Landau54-36">[36]</a> When he heard news of Abu Bakr's dispatch of a Muslim army against the Tayy in Syria, he sought to stop their march by smuggling the contested 300 camels to Abu Bakr, making the Tayy the first tribe to pay the sadaqa, an action that was widely lauded by Muhammad's companions.<a href="#cite_note-Landau54-36">[36]</a> It is apparent that Adi's traditional rivals within the Tayy from the Banu Nabhan (led by Zayd's son Muhalhil) and Banu La'm (led by Thumama ibn Aws), or at least some of their members, joined Tulayha in Buzakha (in northern <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a>), while their other members also defected but remained in Jabal Tayy.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Adi persuaded the latter to return to Islam, which they agreed to.<a href="#cite_note-Landau60-1-38">[38]</a> However, they refused to abandon their tribesmen in Buzakha, fearing Tulayha would hold them hostage if he discovered they joined the Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-Landau60-1-38">[38]</a> Thus, Adi and the Muslim Tayyids devised a strategy to lure the Tayy in Tulayha's camp to return to Jabal Tayy by issuing a false claim that the Muslims were attacking them.<a href="#cite_note-Landau60-1-38">[38]</a> When the apostate Tayyids reached their tribesmen in Jabal Tayy, far from Tulayha's reach, they discovered the false alarm and were persuaded to rejoin Islam.<a href="#cite_note-Landau60-1-38">[38]</a> With this, the entirety of the Al al-Ghawth had returned to the Muslim side.<a href="#cite_note-Landau60-1-38">[38]</a> However, the Al Jadila remained in revolt and the Muslim commander <a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid">Khalid ibn al-Walid</a> was set to move against them.<a href="#cite_note-Landau60-1-38">[38]</a> He was stopped by the intercession of Adi, who was able secure the Al Jadila's allegiance through diplomacy.<a href="#cite_note-Landau60-1-38">[38]</a> The consensus in all Muslim traditions is that the Tayy of Arabia was firmly on the Muslims' side by the time of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buzakha" title="Battle of Buzakha">Battle of Buzakha</a> in September 632.<a href="#cite_note-Landau66-39">[39]</a> The Tayy supposedly were given their own banner in the Muslim army, per their request, which was a testament to their influence since only the <a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Ansar</a> (core of the Muslim force) had their own banner.<a href="#cite_note-Landau64-40">[40]</a> At the Battle of Buzakha against Tulayha, Adi and Muknif ibn Zayd, who unlike Zayd's other son Muhalhil had fought alongside the Muslims from the start, commanded the right and left wings of the Muslim army.<a href="#cite_note-Landau64-40">[40]</a> The "Tayyaye d-Mhmt" were reported by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Presbyter" title="Thomas the Presbyter">Thomas the Presbyter</a> as fighting with Romans 12 miles east of Gaza in 634. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rashidun_conquests">Rashidun conquests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rashidun conquests">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bridge" title="Battle of the Bridge">Battle of the Bridge</a> against the Sassanids in 634, another of Zayd's sons, Urwah, participated and was said by <a href="/wiki/Al-Baladhuri" title="Al-Baladhuri">al-Baladhuri</a> to have "fought so fiercely that his action was estimated to be equivalent to be that of a whole group of men".<a href="#cite_note-HittiBaladhuri404-41">[41]</a> During the battle, Christian Tayy tribesmen on the Sassanid side defected to the Muslim army, preventing an imminent Muslim rout.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Among those who defected were the poet Abu Zubayd at-Ta'i.<a href="#cite_note-HittiBaladhuri404-41">[41]</a> Urwah later fought at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qadisiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qadisiyah">Battle of al-Qadisiyah</a> and died fighting the <a href="/wiki/Daylamites" title="Daylamites">Daylamites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The Al Jadila tribesmen based in Qinnasrin did not join their Arabian counterparts and fought alongside the Byzantines during the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim conquest of Syria">Muslim conquest of Syria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> The Muslim general <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ubaidah_ibn_al-Jarrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah">Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah</a> encountered them in their hadir in 638, after which many agreed to convert to Islam, though a large section remained Christian and agreed to pay <a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">jizya</a> (poll tax).<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-HittiBaladhuri224-23">[23]</a> Most of the Christian tribesmen became Muslims in the few years after, with few exceptions.<a href="#cite_note-HittiBaladhuri224-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Umayyad_period">Umayyad period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Umayyad period">edit</a>]</div> In the <a href="/wiki/First_Fitna" title="First Fitna">first Muslim civil war</a>, the Tayy under Adi were strong supporters of Ali against the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Omidsalar-33">[33]</a> They fought alongside him at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Camel" title="Battle of the Camel">Battle of the Camel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin" title="Battle of Siffin">Battle of Siffin</a> in 656 and 657, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Omidsalar-33">[33]</a> During the latter battle, a chief of the tribe, Sa'id ibn Ubayd at-Ta'i, was slain.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Unlike the Tayy of Arabia, the Tayy in Syria led by Habis ibn Sa'd at-Ta'i aligned with the Umayyads, who assigned Habis as the commander of <a href="/wiki/Jund_Hims" title="Jund Hims">Jund Hims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Madelung246-46">[46]</a> In a confrontation between the two sides in Iraq, Habis was killed.<a href="#cite_note-Madelung246-46">[46]</a> Habis was the maternal uncle of Adi's son, Zayd, and the latter was angered by his slaying, prompting him to seek out and kill the Ali loyalist, a member of the Banu Bakr, responsible for Habis's death.<a href="#cite_note-Madelung246-46">[46]</a> Zayd's act was sharply condemned by Adi who threatened to hand him over to Ali, prompting Zayd to defect to the Umayyads. Afterward, Adi smoothed over the consequent tension with Ali's camp by reaffirming his loyalty.<a href="#cite_note-Madelung246-46">[46]</a> The Umayyads ultimately triumphed and established a <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a> that had reached the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a> by the early 8th century. A Tayyid commander named al-Qasim ibn Tha'laba ibn Abdullah ibn Hasn played an instrumental role in the Umayyad conquest of <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> in 712 by killing the country's Hindu king <a href="/wiki/Raja_Dahir" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Dahir">Raja Dahir</a> in battle.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abbasid_period">Abbasid period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Abbasid period">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasids</a> contested leadership of the caliphate and overtook the Umayyads in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid Revolution">Abbasid Revolution</a> in the mid-8th century. The leader of the Abbasid movement in <a href="/wiki/Khurasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khurasan">Khurasan</a> in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> was a member of the Tayy, <a href="/wiki/Qahtaba_ibn_Shabib_al-Ta%27i" title="Qahtaba ibn Shabib al-Ta'i">Qahtaba ibn Shabib</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> The tribe fared well during Abbasid rule.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> A prominent <a href="/wiki/Akhbar_(Shia_Islam)" title="Akhbar (Shia Islam)">akhbari</a> (transmitter of <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a>) in the early 9th century was a Tayyid named <a href="/wiki/Al-Haytham_ibn_Adi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Haytham ibn Adi">al-Haytham ibn Adi</a> (died 822).<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Two major poets from the Tayy also emerged in the 9th century: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Tammam" title="Abu Tammam">Abu Tammam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Buhturi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Buhturi">al-Buhturi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Shahid402-11">[11]</a> The former, who authored the <a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Hamasah" title="Kitab al-Hamasah">Hamasah</a> anthology, may not have been an actual member of the tribe, but had adopted the tribe as his own.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Abbasid authority in Syria and Iraq eroded considerably after the beginning of the "<a href="/wiki/Anarchy_at_Samarra" title="Anarchy at Samarra">Anarchy at Samarra</a>" in 861, which left the vast expanse of the Syrian and Arabian deserts without governmental oversight.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi43-49">[49]</a> During this period, the Tayy dominated the southern part of the Syrian Desert, the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Kilab" title="Banu Kilab">Banu Kilab</a> dominated the northern part and the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Kalb" title="Banu Kalb">Banu Kalb</a> dominated central Syria.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi43-49">[49]</a> The latter tribe, whose presence in the region had preceded the Muslim conquest and the migration of the Tayy and Kilab, was largely <a href="/wiki/Sedentism" title="Sedentism">sedentarized</a>, while the Tayy and Kilab, being relative newcomers to the region, were still highly mobile nomadic groups.<a href="#cite_note-Tayy85-50">[50]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Salibi" title="Kamal Salibi">Kamal Salibi</a>, the Tayy's "chief military asset, in fact, was their Bedouin swiftness of movement".<a href="#cite_note-Tayy85-50">[50]</a> Moreover, the durable connections the Tayy of Syria maintained with their north Arabian counterparts in Jabal Tayy made them virtually independent and prone to revolt against the various Muslim states in Syria and Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-Tayy85-50">[50]</a> The Tayy made their abode in <a href="/wiki/Transjordan_(region)" title="Transjordan (region)">Transjordan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Al-Sharat" title="Al-Sharat">Bilad al-Sharat</a> mountains between Transjordan and the Hejaz.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi47-51">[51]</a> Here they first received attention in 883 when they launched a revolt that spanned southern Syria and the northern Hejaz.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi47-48-52">[52]</a> The Tayy's revolt prevented the passage of the annual <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> caravan from Damascus to Mecca until it was quashed by the <a href="/wiki/Tulunid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulunid dynasty">Tulunid</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Khumarawayh_ibn_Ahmad_ibn_Tulun" title="Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun">Khumarawayh</a> (884–896) in 885.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi47-48-52">[52]</a> For the remainder of Khumarawayh's reign, the Tayy remained suppressed, possibly due to the help of older-established Arab tribes like the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Judham" title="Banu Judham">Judham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lakhmids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakhmids">Lakhm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi47-48-52">[52]</a> However, law and order once again broke down during the reigns of Khumarawayh's successors <a href="/wiki/Abu_%27l-Asakir_Jaysh_ibn_Khumarawayh" title="Abu 'l-Asakir Jaysh ibn Khumarawayh">Jaysh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harun_ibn_Khumarawayh" title="Harun ibn Khumarawayh">Harun</a> between 896 and 904.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi47-48-52">[52]</a> This coincided with the rising strength of the anarchist <a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatian</a> movement in eastern Arabia and southern Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi47-48-52">[52]</a> The Tayy associated themselves with the Qarmatians to establish their dominance of southern Syria; with likely Qarmatian encouragement, the Tayy launched a revolt between Syria and the Hejaz in 898, during which they plundered caravans and disrupted lines of communication.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi47-48-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fatimid_period">Fatimid period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fatimid period">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jarrahids" title="Jarrahids">Jarrahids</a></div> When the Qarmatians attacked <a href="/wiki/Ikhshidid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikhshidid">Ikhshidid</a>-controlled <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> in 968, the leading Tayyid clan of <a href="/wiki/Jarrahids" title="Jarrahids">Jarrah</a> came with them and firmly established themselves in the country.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi91-53">[53]</a> However, under the Jarrahid chieftains, the Tayy assisted the <a href="/wiki/Fatimids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimids">Fatimids</a>, who conquered the Ikhshidids, against the Qarmatians in 971 and 977.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi91-53">[53]</a> During the latter occasion, the Jarrahid chieftain <a href="/wiki/Mufarrij_ibn_Daghfal_ibn_al-Jarrah" title="Mufarrij ibn Daghfal ibn al-Jarrah">Mufarrij ibn Daghfal</a> captured the pro-Qarmatian rebel, <a href="/wiki/Alptakin" title="Alptakin">Alptakin</a>, and handed him over to the Fatimids in exchange for a large reward.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi91-53">[53]</a> In return for his support, Mufarrij was appointed by the Fatimids as the governor of <a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a>, the traditional Muslim capital of Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi91-53">[53]</a> Mufarrij was also the preeminent chieftain of the Banu Tayy tribe as a whole, giving him authority over his Bedouin and peasant kinsmen in an area extending from the coast of Palestine eastward through <a href="/wiki/Balqa_(region)" title="Balqa (region)">Balqa</a> and to the Tayy's traditional homeland in northern Arabia.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi91-53">[53]</a> While his Fatimid assignment gave him prestige, Mufarrij's tribal authority was the source of his independent power.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi91-53">[53]</a> The Tayyid-dominated region was the location of the overland routes connecting <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, Syria, Iraq and Arabia. This gave Mufarrij significant leverage with the Fatimids, who thus could not afford alienating him and risk him switching allegiance to the Fatimids' rivals in Iraq, the <a href="/wiki/Buwayhids" class="mw-redirect" title="Buwayhids">Buwayhids</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Salibi91-53">[53]</a> In 981–82, relations between the Jarrahids and the Fatimids collapsed and the former were driven out of Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-Canard483-54">[54]</a> They sacked a <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> pilgrim caravan later in 982, then annihilated a Fatimid army at <a href="/wiki/Ayla_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayla (city)">Ayla</a>, before being defeated and forced to flee north toward <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Canard619-20-55">[55]</a> Between then and Mufarrij's death in 1013, the Tayy switched allegiance between the various regional powers, including the Fatimids, Byzantines, and the <a href="/wiki/Hamdanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamdanids">Hamdanids</a>' Turkish governor of Homs, <a href="/wiki/Bakjur" title="Bakjur">Bakjur</a>. By the time of Mufarrij's death, the Jarrahids had restored their dominant position in Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-Canard483-54">[54]</a> Mufarrij's son, Hassan, maintained relations with the Fatimids under Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">al-Hakim</a>, but when the latter disappeared, Hassan's relations with his successor deteriorated.<a href="#cite_note-Canard6484-56">[56]</a> In 1021, the Banu Nabhan led by Hamad ibn Uday besieged the Khurasani pilgrim caravan in Fayd near Jabal Tayy despite being paid off by the Khurasani sultan, <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni" title="Mahmud of Ghazni">Mahmud of Ghazni</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> During this period, in 1025, the Tayy made an agreement with the Kilab and the Kalb, whereby Hassan ibn Mufarrij of Tayy ruled Palestine, Sinan ibn Sulayman of the Kalb ruled Damascus and <a href="/wiki/Salih_ibn_Mirdas" title="Salih ibn Mirdas">Salih ibn Mirdas</a> of the Kilab ruled Aleppo. Together, they defeated a Fatimid punitive expedition sent by Caliph <a href="/wiki/Ali_az-Zahir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali az-Zahir">az-Zahir</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ascalon</a>, and Hassan conquered al-Ramla.<a href="#cite_note-Canard484-58">[58]</a> The alliance fell apart when the Kalb defected to the Fatimids, who decisively defeated the Tayy and Kilab near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tiberias" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Tiberias">Lake Tiberias</a> in 1029, prompting Hassan and his tribesmen to flee northward.<a href="#cite_note-Canard484-58">[58]</a> The Tayy established an alliance with the Byzantines and upon the latter's invitation, the 20,000-strong Tayy of Syria relocated their encampments from the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a> to the al-Ruj plain, near Byzantine-held <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>, in 1031.<a href="#cite_note-Canard484-58">[58]</a> The Tayy continued to fight alongside the Byzantines under Hassan and his son Allaf, protecting <a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessa</a> from <a href="/wiki/Numayrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Numayrid">Numayrid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marwanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Marwanid">Marwanid</a> advances in 1036.<a href="#cite_note-Canard484-58">[58]</a> In 1041, the Jarrahids regained control of Palestine, but the Fatimids continued to go to war against them.<a href="#cite_note-Canard484-58">[58]</a> The Jarrahids continued to disrupt Fatimid rule until the Fatimids were driven out of Syria and Palestine in 1071.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_Islamic_era">Later Islamic era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Later Islamic era">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Al_Fadl" title="Al Fadl">Al Fadl</a></div> With the end of the Fatimid era in Syria and Palestine, descendants of Mufarrij entered the service of the Muslim states of the region, first with the cadet branches of the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a>, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Toghtekin" title="Toghtekin">Burids</a> of Damascus,<a href="#cite_note-Canard484-58">[58]</a> then their <a href="/wiki/Zengid_dynasty" title="Zengid dynasty">Zengid</a> successors, who came to rule all of Syria and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hiyari513-60">[60]</a> At times, the Tayy fought alongside the <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">Crusaders</a>, who had conquered the Syrian coastal regions, including Palestine, in 1098–1100.<a href="#cite_note-Canard484-58">[58]</a> By the end of the 11th century, the Banu Rabi'ah branch of the Tayy (direct descendants of Mufarrij) and the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Mazyad" title="Banu Mazyad">Mazyadid</a> branch of the Banu Assad were the last influential Arab tribes in Syria and Iraq, with the rest having "disappeared from the political map", according to historian Mustafa A. Hiyari.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The tribal distribution in the Syrian and north Arabian deserts had significantly changed by the late 12th century as a result of the decline of several major tribes, the expansion of others, namely the Tayy, and the gradual assimilation of substantial Bedouin population with the settled inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The Tayy were left as the predominant tribe of the entire <a href="/wiki/Syrian_steppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian steppe">Syrian steppe</a>, Upper Mesopotamia, <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> and the northern <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hiyari513-60">[60]</a> The Tayy divisions and their respective territories at the time were as follows: The <a href="/wiki/Al_Fadl" title="Al Fadl">Al Fadl</a> of Banu Rabi'ah controlled the regions of Homs and <a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a> eastward to <a href="/wiki/Qal%27at_Ja%27bar" title="Qal'at Ja'bar">Qal'at Ja'bar</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphrates River">Euphrates Valley</a> and southward along the valley through <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a> and ultimately to the al-Washm region of central Najd; the Al Mira of Banu Rabi'ah controlled the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> and the area southward to the <a href="/wiki/Al_Harrah,_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Harrah, Saudi Arabia">al-Harrah</a> field north of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>; the Al Ali branch of the Al Fadl controlled the <a href="/wiki/Ghouta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghouta">Ghouta</a> region around Damascus and southeastward to <a href="/wiki/Tayma" title="Tayma">Tayma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sakakah" title="Sakakah">al-Jawf</a> in northern Najd; the <a href="/wiki/Shammar" title="Shammar">Shammar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Lam" title="Banu Lam">Banu Lam</a> controlled Jabal Aja and Jabal Salma; the Ghuzayya held territories within parts of Syria, the Hejaz and Iraq that were controlled by the Banu Rabi'ah.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a>, the Sunbis branch of the Tayy lived in the <a href="/wiki/Beheira_Governorate" title="Beheira Governorate">Buhayrah</a> district, while the Tha'laba branch inhabited the area stretching from Egypt's <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> coast northeastward to al-Kharruba in the western <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sato98-64">[64]</a> The Tha'laba were particularly influential in the <a href="/wiki/Al_Sharqia_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Sharqia Governorate">al-Sharqiyah</a> district in the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sato98-64">[64]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jarm" title="Jarm">Banu Jarm</a>, who inhabited the area stretching from <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a> to the northern coastline of Palestine,<a href="#cite_note-Sato98-64">[64]</a> were also a Tayyid tribe according to some sources, while others consider them to be from the <a href="/wiki/Quda%27a" title="Quda'a">Quda'a</a> tribe.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> During Mamluk rule, the Bedouin of Syria were used as auxiliaries in the Mamluks' wars with the Mongols based in Iraq and Anatolia. In central and northern Syria, the Bedouin came under the authority of the Al Fadl emirs in their capacity as the hereditary officeholders of the <a href="/wiki/Amir_al-%CA%BFarab" title="Amir al-ʿarab">amir al-ʿarab</a> (commander of the Bedouin) post, beginning with Emir <a href="/wiki/Isa_ibn_Muhanna" title="Isa ibn Muhanna">Isa ibn Muhanna</a> (r. 1260–1284). The Al Mira emirs held a similar, but lower-ranking office, in southern Syria, and its preeminent emir was known as malik al-ʿarab (king of the Bedouin).<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In al-Sharqiyah, the Tha'laba, whose encampments were close to the Mamluk seat of government, were tasked with maintaining and protecting the barid (postal route) in their district and were occasionally appointed to government posts.<a href="#cite_note-Sato98-64">[64]</a> The Tayy in Syria and Egypt were both required to supply Arabian horses to the Mamluks for use in the army and barid.<a href="#cite_note-Sato98-64">[64]</a> Sultan <a href="/wiki/An-Nasir_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="An-Nasir Muhammad">an-Nasir Muhammad</a> had a special affinity for the Bedouin and maintained strong relations with the tribes of Syria and Egypt. However, following his death, the state's relations with the Bedouin deteriorated. The Tha'laba left their semi-permanent camp in al-Sharqiya to maraud across the country and joined the revolt of the al-A'id tribe in the mid-14th century.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brau624-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brau624_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brau624_1-1">b</a> Bräu 1936, p. 624. </li> <li id="cite_note-Tabari85-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tabari85_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tabari85_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tabari85_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tabari85_2-3">d</a> Landau-Tasseron 1998, pp. 85–86. </li> <li id="cite_note-Rabbih294-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rabbih294_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rabbih294_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rabbih294_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rabbih294_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rabbih294_3-4">e</a> Ibn Abd Rabbih, ed. Boullata, 2011, p. 294. </li> <li id="cite_note-Rabbih295-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rabbih295_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rabbih295_4-1">b</a> Ibn Abd Rabbih, ed. Boullata 2011, p. 295. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPopper1955" class="citation book cs1">Popper, William (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F5QOAQAAIAAJ&q=Thu%27al+Fadl+Tayy">Egypt and Syria Under the Circassian Sultans, 1382–1468 A.D.: Systematic Notes to Ibn Taghrî Birdî's Chronicles of Egypt, Volumes 15–17</a>. University of California Press. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egypt+and+Syria+Under+the+Circassian+Sultans%2C+1382%E2%80%931468+A.D.%3A+Systematic+Notes+to+Ibn+Taghr%C3%AE+Bird%C3%AE%27s+Chronicles+of+Egypt%2C+Volumes+15%E2%80%9317&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Popper&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF5QOAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DThu%2527al%2BFadl%2BTayy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohenLewis1978" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Amnon; Lewis, Bernard (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MVp9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA134">Population and Revenue in the Towns of Palestine in the Sixteenth Century</a>. Princeton University Press. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400867790" title="Special:BookSources/9781400867790"><bdi>9781400867790</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Population+and+Revenue+in+the+Towns+of+Palestine+in+the+Sixteenth+Century&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9781400867790&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Amnon&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMVp9BgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khaldun99-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khaldun99_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khaldun99_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khaldun99_7-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Khaldun1967" class="citation book cs1">Ibn Khaldun, Abd ar-Rahman ibn Muhammad (1967). Dawood, N. J. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FlNZ5wmo5LAC&q=Tayy">The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History</a>. Translated by Rosenthal, Franz. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 99–100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691017549" title="Special:BookSources/9780691017549"><bdi>9780691017549</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muqaddimah%3A+An+Introduction+to+History&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=99-100&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=9780691017549&rft.aulast=Ibn+Khaldun&rft.aufirst=Abd+ar-Rahman+ibn+Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFlNZ5wmo5LAC%26q%3DTayy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fattah127-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fattah127_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fattah127_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFattah2009" class="citation book cs1">Fattah, Hala (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofir0000fatt">A Brief History of Iraq</a>. Facts on File, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofir0000fatt/page/127">127</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816057672" title="Special:BookSources/9780816057672"><bdi>9780816057672</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Iraq&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Facts+on+File%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780816057672&rft.aulast=Fattah&rft.aufirst=Hala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbriefhistoryofir0000fatt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kay217-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Kay217_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Hakami1802" class="citation book cs1">Al-Hakami, Najm ad-Din Omarah (1802). 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Reading: Garnet Publishing Limited & Southern Court. pp. 294–295. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781859642405" title="Special:BookSources/9781859642405"><bdi>9781859642405</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unique+Necklace%2C+Volume+III&rft.place=Reading&rft.pages=294-295&rft.pub=Garnet+Publishing+Limited+%26+Southern+Court&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781859642405&rft.au=Ibn+%27Abd+Rabbih&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdQ9KCcDUBT4C%26pg%3DPA294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandau-Tasseron1984" class="citation journal cs1">Landau-Tasseron, Ella (1984). "The Participation of Tayyi in the Ridda". Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Studies+in+Arabic+and+Islam&rft.atitle=The+Participation+of+Tayyi+in+the+Ridda&rft.volume=5&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Landau-Tasseron&rft.aufirst=Ella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevanoni1995" class="citation book cs1">Levanoni, Amalia (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YT_pUKZFdt4C&pg=PA192">A Turning Point in Mamluk History: The Third Reign of Al-Nāṣir Muḥammad Ibn Qalāwūn (1310–1341)</a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004101821" title="Special:BookSources/9789004101821"><bdi>9789004101821</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Turning+Point+in+Mamluk+History%3A+The+Third+Reign+of+Al-N%C4%81%E1%B9%A3ir+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+Ibn+Qal%C4%81w%C5%ABn+%281310%E2%80%931341%29&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9789004101821&rft.aulast=Levanoni&rft.aufirst=Amalia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYT_pUKZFdt4C%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung1997" class="citation book cs1">Madelung, Wilferd (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2QKBUwBUWWkC&pg=PA246">The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521646963" title="Special:BookSources/9780521646963"><bdi>9780521646963</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Succession+to+Muhammad%3A+A+Study+of+the+Early+Caliphate&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780521646963&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2QKBUwBUWWkC%26pg%3DPA246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandau-Tasseron1998" class="citation book cs1">Landau-Tasseron, Ella (1998). Yar-Shater, Ehsan (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ztahJV58oLcC&pg=PA85">The History of al-Tabari, Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and their Successors</a>. 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Delmar: Caravan Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780882060132" title="Special:BookSources/9780882060132"><bdi>9780882060132</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syria+Under+Islam%3A+Empire+on+Trial%2C+634%E2%80%931097%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=Delmar&rft.pub=Caravan+Books&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780882060132&rft.aulast=Salibi&rft.aufirst=Kamal+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXzWCAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSato1997" class="citation book cs1">Sato, Tsugitaka (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MycQL-9_bqwC&pg=PA98">State and Rural Society in Medieval Islam: Sultans, Muqtaʻs, and Fallahun</a>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10649-9" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10649-9"><bdi>90-04-10649-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+and+Rural+Society+in+Medieval+Islam%3A+Sultans%2C+Muqta%CA%BBs%2C+and+Fallahun&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=90-04-10649-9&rft.aulast=Sato&rft.aufirst=Tsugitaka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMycQL-9_bqwC%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahid1986" class="citation book cs1">Shahid, Irfan (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mvQ8MKpVtqkC">Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fourth Century</a>. Washington, D. C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88402-116-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-88402-116-5"><bdi>0-88402-116-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Arabs+in+the+Fourth+Century&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.+C.&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Research+Library+and+Collection&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-88402-116-5&rft.aulast=Shahid&rft.aufirst=Irfan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmvQ8MKpVtqkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahid1989" class="citation book cs1">Shahid, Irfan (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6oYCfWor5AIC">Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century</a>. Washington, D. C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88402-152-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-88402-152-1"><bdi>0-88402-152-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Arabs+in+the+Fifth+Century&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.+C.&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Research+Library+and+Collection&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-88402-152-1&rft.aulast=Shahid&rft.aufirst=Irfan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6oYCfWor5AIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahid1995" class="citation book cs1">Shahid, Irfan (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6oYCfWor5AIC">Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 1, Part 1: Political and Military History</a>. 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Delhi: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organisation+of+Government+Under+the+Prophet&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Idarah-i+Adabiyat-i+Delli&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Siddiqui&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Yasin+Mazhar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tayy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The History of Shammar by John Frederich Williamson.</li> <li>The Tribes of Iraq by Abbas Alazzawi.</li> <li>The Days of the Arabs before Islam by Alfudaily.</li> <li>A comprehensive history of Shammar by Amer Aladhadh.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shmmr.net">Shammar tribe official website</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmmar_Al_Sanjari2005" class="citation web cs1">Ammar Al Sanjari (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.albayan.ae/sports/2005-10-30-1.985595">"تسمية العرب بالطائيين نظراً لسطوة القبيلة على المنطقة"</a> [The Arabs were called Tayys due to their dominance over the area]. Al-Bayan. Retrieved 23 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Bayan&rft.atitle=%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B+%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Ammar+Al+Sanjari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.albayan.ae%2Fsports%2F2005-10-30-1.985595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATayy" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_Arab_tribes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_Arab_tribes" title="Template:Historical Arab tribes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_Arab_tribes" title="Template talk:Historical Arab tribes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_Arab_tribes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical Arab tribes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_Arab_tribes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical <a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arab tribes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>These prefixes ignored in the alphabetical ordering: Al, Bani, Banu.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_%27Akk" title="Banu 'Akk">Akk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Amila" title="Banu Amila">Amila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Amr" title="Banu Amr">Banu Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anmar" title="Anmar">Anmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Asad" title="Banu Asad">Banu Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ash%27ar" title="Banu Ash'ar">Ash'ar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aslam" title="Banu Aslam">Aslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azd" title="Azd">Azd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Ansar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aws" title="Banu Aws">Aws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bariq" title="Bariq">Bariq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Daws" title="Banu Daws">Daws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghamd" title="Ghamd">Ghamd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahran_tribe" title="Zahran tribe">Zahran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajila" title="Bajila">Bajila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hamdan" title="Banu Hamdan">Hamdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haram_(tribe)" title="Al-Haram (tribe)">Al-Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hudhayl" title="Banu Hudhayl">Hudhayl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Judham" title="Banu Judham">Judham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ju%27fa" title="Banu Ju'fa">Ju'fa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurhum" title="Jurhum">Jurhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Kanz" title="Banu Kanz">Banu Kanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahlan" title="Kahlan">Kahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khath%27am" title="Khath'am">Khath'am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Khuza%27ah" title="Banu Khuza'ah">Khuza'a</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Mustaliq" title="Banu Mustaliq">Mustaliq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinana" title="Kinana">Kinana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Bakr_ibn_Abd_Manat" title="Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat">Bakr ibn Abd Manat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Damrah" title="Banu Damrah">Damrah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ghifar" title="Banu Ghifar">Ghifar</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Jadhimah" title="Banu Jadhimah">Jadhima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Abd-Shams" title="Banu Abd-Shams">Abd-Shams</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Umayya" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Umayya">Umayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Adi" title="Banu Adi">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Hashim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_dynasty" title="Abbasid dynasty">Abbas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Jumah" title="Banu Jumah">Jumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sahm" title="Banu Sahm">Sahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Taym" title="Banu Taym">Taym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Zuhrah" title="Banu Zuhrah">Zuhra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinda_(tribe)" title="Kinda (tribe)">Kinda</a></li> <li>Khuthir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Lahyan" title="Banu Lahyan">Lihyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Lakhm" title="Banu Lakhm">Lakhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhhaj" title="Madhhaj">Madhhaj</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_al-Hakam" title="Banu al-Hakam">Banu al-Hakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ansi" title="Al-Ansi">Ans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Awd" title="Banu Awd">Awd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukha_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukha (tribe)">Nukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubaid" title="Zubaid">Zubaid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqil" title="Maqil">Maqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Muzaina" title="Banu Muzaina">Muzayna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabi%60ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabi`ah">Rabi'a</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qays" title="Abd al-Qays">Abd al-Qays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anizah" title="Anizah">Anizah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Bakr" title="Banu Bakr">Bakr ibn Wa'il</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Dhuhl" title="Banu Dhuhl">Banu Dhuhl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hanifa" title="Banu Hanifa">Hanifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ijl" title="Banu Ijl">Ijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Shayban" title="Banu Shayban">Shayban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taym_Allah" title="Taym Allah">Taym Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Yashkur" title="Banu Yashkur">Banu Yashkur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghlib" title="Taghlib">Taghlib</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qays" title="Qays">Qays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghatafan" title="Ghatafan">Ghatafan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Dhubyan" title="Banu Dhubyan">Dhubyan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Fazara" title="Banu Fazara">Fazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Murra" title="Banu Murra">Murra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Talabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Banu Talabah">Tha'laba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Abs" title="Banu Abs">Abs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawazin" title="Hawazin">Hawazin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sa%27d" title="Banu Sa'd">Sa'd ibn Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Thaqif" title="Banu Thaqif">Thaqif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Amir" title="Banu Amir">Amir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hilal" title="Banu Hilal">Hilal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ka%27b" title="Banu Ka'b">Ka'b</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Uqayl" title="Banu Uqayl">Uqayl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khafaja" title="Khafaja">Khafaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Kilab" title="Banu Kilab">Kilab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qushayr" title="Banu Qushayr">Qushayr</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sulaym" title="Banu Sulaym">Sulaym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Ghani" title="Banu Ghani">Ghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahila" title="Bahila">Bahila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Muharib" title="Banu Muharib">Muharib</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qedarites" title="Qedarites">Qedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quda%27a" title="Quda'a">Quda'a</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahra%27" title="Bahra'">Bahra'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_(tribe)" title="Bali (tribe)">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_al-Qayn" title="Banu al-Qayn">Balqayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarm" title="Jarm">Jarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhaynah" title="Juhaynah">Juhaynah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Kalb" title="Banu Kalb">Kalb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salihids" title="Salihids">Salih</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_al-Samayda" title="Banu al-Samayda">al-Samayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sa%27ida" title="Banu Sa'ida">Sa'ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Shehr" class="mw-redirect" title="Bani Shehr">Shehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Shuja" title="Banu Shuja">Shuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Tamim" title="Banu Tamim">Tamim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hanzala" title="Banu Hanzala">Hanzala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Sa%27d_ibn_Zayd_Manat" title="Banu Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat">Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanukhids" title="Tanukhids">Tanukh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tayy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarrahids" title="Jarrahids">Jarrah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Fadl" title="Al Fadl">Al Fadl</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaman_(tribal_group)" title="Yaman (tribal group)">Yaman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Part of <a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_tribes" title="Template:Arab tribes">Arab tribes</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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