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Плацента. Большая российская энциклопедия
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class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><!--[--><!--[--><a href="/c/platsenta-451253/annotation" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18.2363 4.12686C18.2363 3.43651 18.796 2.87686 19.4863 2.87686C20.1767 2.87686 20.7363 3.43651 20.7363 4.12686C20.7363 4.81722 20.1767 5.37686 19.4863 5.37686C18.796 5.37686 18.2363 4.81722 18.2363 4.12686ZM19.4863 1.37686C17.9675 1.37686 16.7363 2.60808 16.7363 4.12686C16.7363 4.43206 16.786 4.72564 16.8778 4.99996H7C4.79086 4.99996 3 6.79082 3 8.99996V19C3 21.2091 4.79086 23 7 23H17C19.2091 23 21 21.2091 21 19V8.99996C21 8.16642 20.745 7.39244 20.3089 6.75173C21.4258 6.40207 22.2363 5.35911 22.2363 4.12686C22.2363 2.60808 21.0051 1.37686 19.4863 1.37686ZM7 6.49996H16.6319L14.6964 8.43547C14.4035 8.72837 14.4035 9.20324 14.6964 9.49613C14.9893 9.78903 15.4641 9.78903 15.757 9.49613L18.3547 6.89846C19.0438 7.34362 19.5 8.11852 19.5 8.99996V19C19.5 20.3807 18.3807 21.5 17 21.5H7C5.61929 21.5 4.5 20.3807 4.5 19V8.99996C4.5 7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a><!--]--><!--]--><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Аннотация</span></span></span><a href="/c/platsenta-451253/annotation" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18.2363 4.12686C18.2363 3.43651 18.796 2.87686 19.4863 2.87686C20.1767 2.87686 20.7363 3.43651 20.7363 4.12686C20.7363 4.81722 20.1767 5.37686 19.4863 5.37686C18.796 5.37686 18.2363 4.81722 18.2363 4.12686ZM19.4863 1.37686C17.9675 1.37686 16.7363 2.60808 16.7363 4.12686C16.7363 4.43206 16.786 4.72564 16.8778 4.99996H7C4.79086 4.99996 3 6.79082 3 8.99996V19C3 21.2091 4.79086 23 7 23H17C19.2091 23 21 21.2091 21 19V8.99996C21 8.16642 20.745 7.39244 20.3089 6.75173C21.4258 6.40207 22.2363 5.35911 22.2363 4.12686C22.2363 2.60808 21.0051 1.37686 19.4863 1.37686ZM7 6.49996H16.6319L14.6964 8.43547C14.4035 8.72837 14.4035 9.20324 14.6964 9.49613C14.9893 9.78903 15.4641 9.78903 15.757 9.49613L18.3547 6.89846C19.0438 7.34362 19.5 8.11852 19.5 8.99996V19C19.5 20.3807 18.3807 21.5 17 21.5H7C5.61929 21.5 4.5 20.3807 4.5 19V8.99996C4.5 7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><!--[--><!--[--><a href="/c/platsenta-451253/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a><!--]--><!--]--><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Медиа</span></span></span><a href="/c/platsenta-451253/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><!--[--><!--[--><a href="/c/platsenta-451253/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a><!--]--><!--]--><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Библиография</span></span></span><a href="/c/platsenta-451253/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><!--[--><!--[--><a href="/c/platsenta-451253/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a><!--]--><!--]--><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Версии</span></span></span><a href="/c/platsenta-451253/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a></div><!--]--></div></div></nav><!--[--><div><meta itemprop="image primaryImageOfPage" content="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=qtNuz6Wl_Ijpxb1TlWDe0Q&filename=vault/c091d250eb2930b649e2ca431e501906.webp&width=120"><article itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><div itemprop="copyrightHolder" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><meta itemprop="articleSection" content="Органы"><meta itemprop="headline" content="Плацента"><meta itemprop="keywords" content="Органы живых организмов, Анатомические структуры животных, Анатомические структуры растений"><!----><div class="bre-article-page max-md:tw-mt-10 md:max-lg:tw-mt-[81px] max-md:tw-mt-10"><!----><!----><div class="article-sidebar -hide-on-desktop-s"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><!--[--><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s">Плацента</div><!--]--></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><header class="bre-article-header -hide-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><!--[--><!--[--><a href="/t/internal_organs" class="bre-label _link">Органы</a><!--]--><!--]--><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Органы</span></span></span><!----></div><!--[--><!----><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Плацента</h1><!--]--><!----></header><section class="-hide-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"><!----></section><!----><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><!--[--><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Плацента женщины: поверхность, прилежащая к стенке матки (слева), и поверхность, обращённая к плоду с отходящей от неё "><meta itemprop="caption" content="Плацента женщины: поверхность, прилежащая к стенке матки (слева), и поверхность, обращённая к плоду с отходящей от неё пуповиной (справа)."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="БРЭ. Т. 26"><!----><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=qtNuz6Wl_Ijpxb1TlWDe0Q&filename=vault/c091d250eb2930b649e2ca431e501906.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Плацента женщины: поверхность, прилежащая к стенке матки (слева), и поверхность, обращённая к плоду с отходящей от неё " data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=qtNuz6Wl_Ijpxb1TlWDe0Q&filename=vault/c091d250eb2930b649e2ca431e501906.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=EEJPcz_rBDlyRxLJfDY3dA&filename=vault/c091d250eb2930b649e2ca431e501906.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=M0PmSy1Hs1QAFRobI3D7qQ&filename=vault/c091d250eb2930b649e2ca431e501906.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=j_mmRUUIB0FfgPh_EqRYgA&filename=vault/c091d250eb2930b649e2ca431e501906.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=s9rWa92qbmzagyc8VhHboA&filename=vault/c091d250eb2930b649e2ca431e501906.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=JD1Y8Q-6ZbIShG-dqYMB8g&filename=vault/c091d250eb2930b649e2ca431e501906.webp&width=1024 1024w" title="Плацента женщины: поверхность, прилежащая к стенке матки (слева), и поверхность, обращённая к плоду с отходящей от неё " class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span><!----></span><!--]--><!----></span><!----><!----></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><!--[--><!--[--><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>Анатомия и морфология</dd><!--]--><!--]--><!----></dl></div></div></div><div class="bre-article-page__container"><div class="bre-article-page__content bre-article-content"><header class="bre-article-header -show-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><!--[--><!--[--><a href="/t/internal_organs" class="bre-label _link">Органы</a><!--]--><!--]--><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Органы</span></span></span><!----></div><!--[--><!----><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Плацента</h1><!--]--><!----></header><section class="tw-flex"><div class="-show-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"><div><div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ViewAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ShareAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/LikeAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div></div><span></span></div></div><span></span></section><div class="js-preview-link-root"><div itemprop="articleBody" class="bre-article-body"><!--[--><section><section><p><b>Плаце́нта</b> (лат. placenta, от гр<span class="background-color-white">еч. πλακόεντα, вин. падеж от πλακόεις – лепёшка), </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/organ-v-biologii-b32fc5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->орган<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, ответственный за </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/obmen-veshchestv-3573d4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->обмен веществ<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> между </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/organizm-98d360" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->организмом<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> матери и </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/zarodysh-f75323" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->зародышем<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> в период внутриутробного развития у некоторых </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/bespozvonochnye-b06d7d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->беспозвоночных<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> и многих </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/khordovye-0e707d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->хордовых<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">. У позвоночных через плаценту зародыш получает </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/kislorod-a7f0c3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->кислород<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, а также питательные вещества из </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/krov-3aebf4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->крови<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> матери, выделяя в неё продукты распада и </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/dioksid-ugleroda-03592c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->диоксид углерода<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">. Плацента выполняет также барьерную функцию, активно регулируя поступление различных веществ в зародыш. В ней синтезируются </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/gormony-579059" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->гормоны<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> (хорионические </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/gonadotropiny-736e5f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->гонадотропин<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> и </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/platsentarnyi-laktogen-86260c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->соматомаммотропин<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/progesteron-7e0431" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->прогестерон<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/relaksin-a494bc" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->релаксин<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/estrogeny-ea6f76" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->эстрогены<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> и др.), воздействующие на жизненные функции матери и зародыша, а также участвующие в развитии родового акта. У позвоночных плацента образуется путём соединения </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/khorion-v-biologii-bf351a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->хориона<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> (участка стенки зародыша – т. н. трофобласта) со стенкой </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/matka-3686ef" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->матки<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">. На ранних стадиях развития зародыша по всей поверхности хориона образуются ворсинки (первичные, а затем вторичные), которые, разрастаясь, внедряются в образующиеся углубления слизистой оболочки матки (крипты). Во вторичные ворсинки обычно врастают кровеносные </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/sosudy-u-zhivotnykh-i-cheloveka-f2e88c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->сосуды<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/zheltochnyi-meshok-70a5e3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->желточного мешка<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> или </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/allantois-effd0f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->аллантоиса<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">. В зависимости от этого различают желточную и аллантоидную плаценту. Желточная плацента образуется у некоторых живородящих </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/ryby-22eb17" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->рыб<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> (</span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/akuly-904f49" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->акул<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">), </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/amfibii-bb27c5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->земноводных<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> и </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/presmykaiushchiesia-fc712a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->пресмыкающихся<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> (у последних формируется и аллантоидная плацента), а также у большинства </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/sumchatye-0256f3" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->сумчатых<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">. У высших </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/mlekopitaiushchie-bb76b2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->млекопитающих<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> сначала функционирует желточная плацента; через некоторое время она заменяется аллантоидной. У </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/kroty-19ba2d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->крота<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/kroliki-2914f1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->кролика<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/loshadinye-2276ae" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->лошади<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/verbliudy-e98b32" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->верблюда<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> и других функционируют плаценты обоих типов. Плацента живородящих беспозвоночных (некоторых </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/onikhofory-4da8da" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->онихофор<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/sal-py-423484" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->сальп<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/dvukrylye-f06bca" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->двукрылых<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">) ни по строению, ни по происхождению не сравнима с плацентой позвоночных (в данном случае </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/platsentarnye-c2e846" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->плацентарных<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, или живородящих, млекопитающих). У онихофор плацента формируется посредством срастания желточного мешка со стенкой матки. У сальп – при участии клеток фолликулярного </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/epitelii-bed009" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->эпителия<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, которые перемешиваются с зачатками органов и играют роль посредника между ними и организмом матери.</span></p><p><span class="background-color-white">В зависимости от степени проникновения ворсинок хориона в стенку матки различают несколько типов строения плаценты: т. н. полуплаценту </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/svinye-b2b5ef" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->свиней<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, тапиров, </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/kitoobraznye-d98ac7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->китообразных<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, верблюдов, лошадей, </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/begemoty-675513" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->бегемотов<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/lemurovye-c741d1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->лемуров<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, у которых ворсинки хориона не внедряются в стенку матки, а лишь погружаются в складки её слизистой оболочки; десмохориальную плаценту жвачных (ворсинки проникают в соединительнотканный слой матки, но не достигают её кровеносных сосудов); эндотелиохориальную плаценту </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/khishchnye-b97d2d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->хищных<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> (ворсинки достигают эндотелия кровеносных сосудов матки); гемохориальную плаценту приматов (в т. ч. плаценту женщин), некоторых </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/rukokrylye-e8887c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->рукокрылых<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/gryzuny-a1c4c9" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->грызунов<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> и </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/nasekomoiadnye-b82e68" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->насекомоядных<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">, характеризующуюся погружением ворсинок хориона в кровеносные сосуды матки. Отторжение эндотелио- и гемохориальной плаценты при родах сопровождается отпадением части слизистой оболочки матки и кровотечением.</span></p><p><span class="background-color-white">У женщин плацента (детское место) по форме напоминает круглую лепёшку или истончённый по краю диск. Располагается обычно на задней или передней стенке матки. При массе плода 3300–3400 г диаметр плаценты составляет 17–20 см, а масса 500 г. К центральной части плаценты, обращённой к плоду, прикрепляется </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/pupovina-0d3d6d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->пуповина<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">. После рождения плода плацента выделяется из матки вместе с пуповиной.</span></p><p><span class="background-color-white">У </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/tsvetkovye-rasteniia-b5d2fb" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->цветковых растений<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> плацента – место заложения и прикрепления </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/semiazachatok-a361fb" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->семязачатков<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> в </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/zaviaz-a5ee06" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->завязи<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white"> </span><span class="background-color-white"><a href="/c/tsvetok-5293b6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false"><!--[--><!--[-->цветка<!--]--><!--]--><!----></a></span><span class="background-color-white">.</span></p><span itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" class="-text-caption-2-italic tw-justify-end tw-mt-4 tw-mb-10 author _note-exclude"><a href="/a/lv-belousov-4df587" class=""><span itemprop="name">Белоусов Л. В.</span></a></span></section></section><!--]--></div><span class="bre-inline-menu _article-meta" style=""><meta itemprop="description" content="Плаце́нта, орган, ответственный за обмен веществ между организмом матери и зародышем в период внутриутробного развития у некоторых беспозвоночных и..."><span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block"><!--[-->Опубликовано <!--]--><span itemprop="datePublished">5 июля 2022 г. в 11:14 (GMT+3). </span></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block"> Последнее обновление <span itemprop="dateModified">5 июля 2022 г. в 11:14 (GMT+3).</span></span></span><span class="-flex-divider"></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item tw-items-start"><button type="button" class="b-button tw-gap-2 b-button--link -text-button-text tw-rounded-lg tw-cursor-pointer" data-v-cfbedafc><!----><span class="c-button__content" data-v-cfbedafc><!--[-->Связаться с редакцией<!--]--></span></button></span></span></div></div><div class="bre-tags-wrap"><!--[--><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/organy-zhivykh-organizmov-5eff5c" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Органы живых организмов</a><!----></span><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/anatomicheskie-struktury-zhivotnykh-b4c784" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Анатомические структуры животных</a><!----></span><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/anatomicheskie-struktury-rastenii-09ab15" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Анатомические структуры растений</a><!----></span><!--]--></div></div><aside class="bre-article-page__sidebar -show-on-desktop-s" style=""><!----><!----><div class="bre-article-page__sidebar-wrapper _loc"><div class="article-sidebar"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><!--[--><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"></div><!--]--></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><!----><!----><!----><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><!--[--><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Плацента женщины: поверхность, прилежащая к стенке матки (слева), и поверхность, обращённая к плоду с отходящей от неё "><meta itemprop="caption" content="Плацента женщины: поверхность, прилежащая к стенке матки (слева), и поверхность, обращённая к плоду с отходящей от неё пуповиной (справа)."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="БРЭ. 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