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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Mekka" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Mekka" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Mekka" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis_van_Mekka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis_van_Mekka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis van Mekka</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geschiedenis_van_Mekka-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geschiedenis van Mekka-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis_van_Mekka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Voor_Mohammed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voor_Mohammed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Voor Mohammed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voor_Mohammed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mohammed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mohammed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Mohammed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mohammed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Na_Mohammed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Na_Mohammed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Na Mohammed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Na_Mohammed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Mekka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Mekka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Modern Mekka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_Mekka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onthoofdingen_en_kruisigingen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onthoofdingen_en_kruisigingen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Onthoofdingen en kruisigingen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onthoofdingen_en_kruisigingen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niet-moslims_en_Mekka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niet-moslims_en_Mekka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Niet-moslims en Mekka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niet-moslims_en_Mekka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verkeer_en_vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verkeer_en_vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verkeer en vervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verkeer_en_vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uitdrukking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uitdrukking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Uitdrukking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uitdrukking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Spelling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geboren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geboren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Geboren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geboren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mekka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 193 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-193" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">193 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meukah" title="Meukah – Atjehs" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Meukah" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atjehs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8A%AB" title="መካ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መካ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Meca" title="A Meca – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="A Meca" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9" title="مكة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9" title="مكة – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مكة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D9%87" title="مكه – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مكه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="মক্কা – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মক্কা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99kk%C9%99" title="Məkkə – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məkkə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="مکه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مکه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BA%D3%99" title="Мәккә – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәккә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah" title="Mekkah – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mekkah" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мэка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мека – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мека" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0)" title="मक्का (शहर) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मक्का (शहर)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="মক্কা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মক্কা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8D" title="མ་ཁ། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་ཁ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokkah" title="Mokkah – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Mokkah" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%A9%DB%95" title="مەککە – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەککە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekke" title="Mekke – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Mekke" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maka" title="Maka – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Maka" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%86%DE%A7" title="މައްކާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މައްކާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Μέκκα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέκκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekko" title="Mekko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mekko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="مکه – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Mecque" title="La Mecque – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Mecque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meche" title="La Meche – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="La Meche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meice" title="Meice – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meice" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Meca" title="A Meca – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="A Meca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9ka" title="Méka – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Méka" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkah" title="Mekkah – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Mekkah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌰 – Gothisch" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE" title="મક્કા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મક્કા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Makkah" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Hawaïaans" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaïaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%94" title="מכה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0)" title="मक्का (शहर) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मक्का (शहर)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%84%D6%84%D5%A1" title="Մեքքա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեքքա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%84%D6%84%D5%A1" title="Մեքքա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մեքքա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Makkah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Mecca" title="La Mecca – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La Mecca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB" title="メッカ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メッカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Jamaicaans Creools" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaicaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/makax" title="makax – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="makax" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekah" title="Mekah – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mekah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90" title="მექა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მექა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekke" title="Mekke – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Mekke" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maka" title="Maka – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Maka" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokkah" title="Mokkah – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Mokkah" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Мекке – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мекке" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6" title="ម៉ិកកា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ិកកា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE" title="ಮೆಕ್ಕಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೆಕ್ಕಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%B9%B4" title="메카 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81%D9%95" title="مکہٕ – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مکہٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meke" title="Meke – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Meke" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Меке – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Меке" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Lezgisch" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Meca" title="La Meca – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="La Meca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Madoerees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madoerees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka_(Arabia_Saodita)" title="Meka (Arabia Saodita) – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Meka (Arabia Saodita)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makah" title="Makah – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Makah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мека – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мека" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="മക്ക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മക്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯥ – Meitei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meitei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Makkah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meca" title="Meca – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Meca" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA" title="မက္ကာဟ်မြို့တော် – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက္ကာဟ်မြို့တော်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Мекка ош – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мекка ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="مکه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مکه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मक्का – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मक्का" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%AB" title="ߡߞߊ߫ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߞߊ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_M%C3%A8ca" title="La Mèca – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="La Mèca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Меккæ – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Меккæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੱਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੱਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Papiaments" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiaments" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_M%C3%A8ke" title="El Mèke – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="El Mèke" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_M%C3%ABcca" title="La Mëcca – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="La Mëcca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81" title="مکہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مکہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meca" title="Meca – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Meca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27A_Mecca" title="'A Mecca – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="'A Mecca" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱚᱠᱠᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%AA%D9%88" title="مڪو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مڪو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%B8" title="මක්කම – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මක්කම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81" title="مکہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="مکہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мека – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мека" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekah" title="Mekah – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mekah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecka" title="Mecka – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mecka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mekka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="மக்கா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE" title="మక్కా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మక్కా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Макка – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Макка" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="มักกะฮ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มักกะฮ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekge" title="Mekge – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mekge" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meka" title="Meka – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Meka" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99kk%C9%99" title="Məkkə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Məkkə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekke" title="Mekke – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mekke" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BA%D3%99" title="Мәккә – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәккә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D9%83%D9%83%DB%95" title="مەككە – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەككە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мекка – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мекка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%81" title="مکہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مکہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81a_Meca" title="Ła Meca – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ła Meca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekk" title="Mekk – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mekk" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4kk%C3%A4" title="Mäkkä – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Mäkkä" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mecca" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%8A%A0" title="麦加 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="麦加" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90" title="მექა – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მექა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%90" title="מעקא – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעקא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B9%CC%81kk%C3%A0" title="Mẹ́kkà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mẹ́kkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵎⴰⴽⴽⴰ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⴰⴽⴽⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makka" title="Makka – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Makka" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0" title="麥加 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="麥加" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5806#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mekka" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Mekka" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/35px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/46px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nl&params=21_25_21_N_39_49_34_E_type:city(1400000)_region:SA&pagename=Mekka">21° 25′ NB, 39° 50′ OL</a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="sjabloon_zie_artikel" class="hatnote" style="padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Voor de gelijknamige provincie, zie <a href="/wiki/Mekka_(provincie)" title="Mekka (provincie)">Mekka (provincie)</a>.</i> </div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <caption class="notheme" style="font-size:large; margin-bottom:0.5em;"><b>Mekka</b><br />مكة المكرّم </caption> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Plaats in <a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië">Saoedi-Arabië</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Saoedi-Arabië"><img alt="Vlag van Saoedi-Arabië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:white; color:inherit; padding:0;" class="center" colspan="2"><div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; width: 266px; max-width: 266px; float:none; clear:both;"><div style="position: relative;border: 1px solid none; padding: 0px; width: 266px; max-width: 266px;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mekka (Saoedi-Arabië)"><img alt="Mekka (Saoedi-Arabië)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg/266px-Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg/399px-Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg/532px-Saudi_Arabia_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1802" data-file-height="1501" /></a></span><br /><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 67.2%; left: 25.8%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; line-height:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mekka"><img alt="Mekka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; top:-2.65em; left:-3em; text-align: center;"><span style="padding: 1px;"></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size: 90%"> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Situering </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Provincies_van_Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Provincies van Saoedi-Arabië">Provincie</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mekka_(provincie)" title="Mekka (provincie)">provincie Mekka</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Geografische_co%C3%B6rdinaten" title="Geografische coördinaten">Coördinaten</a> </th> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="coordinates plainlinks"><span id="text_coordinates"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nl&params=21_025_00_N_39_049_00_E_type:city_scale:25000_region:SA&pagename=Mekka">21° 25′ NB, 39° 49′ OL</a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Algemeen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bevolking" title="Bevolking">Inwoners</a> <br /><small class="nowrap">(2004)</small> </th> <td>1.294.168 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hoogte_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoogte (hoofdbetekenis)">Hoogte</a> </th> <td>277 m </td></tr> <tr> <th>Website </th> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hmm.gov.sa/">hmm<wbr />.gov<wbr />.sa</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" colspan="2"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Portaal:Saoedi-Arabië">Saoedi-Arabië</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/260px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/390px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/520px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_al-Haram" title="Al-Masjid al-Haram">al-Masjid al-Haram</a>, de moskee met de <a href="/wiki/Ka%27aba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka'aba">Ka'aba</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm/260px--Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="260" height="146" data-durationhint="56" data-mwtitle="Mekka,_Geburtsort_des_Islam_(CC_BY-SA_4.0).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Bestand:Mekka,_Geburtsort_des_Islam_(CC_BY-SA_4.0).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm/Mekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm&lang=bn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bn" label="বাংলা ‪(bn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm&lang=la&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="la" label="Latina ‪(la)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMekka%2C_Geburtsort_des_Islam_%28CC_BY-SA_4.0%29.webm&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands ‪(nl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Animatie over de stad Mekka</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mekka</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a>: مكة of مكة المكرّمة , <i>Makka al-Mukarrama</i>) (1.294.168 inwoners (2004)) is de hoofdstad van de <a href="/wiki/Mekka_(provincie)" title="Mekka (provincie)">provincie Mekka</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië">Saoedi-Arabië</a> in de historische regio <a href="/wiki/Hidjaz" title="Hidjaz">Hidjaz</a>. Het ligt 73 kilometer van <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, in de zanderige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abrahamvallei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abrahamvallei (de pagina bestaat niet)">Abrahamvallei</a> op 277 meter boven zeeniveau en 80 km van de <a href="/wiki/Rode_Zee" title="Rode Zee">Rode Zee</a>. </p><p>De stad is de belangrijkste stad binnen de <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>, en de <a href="/wiki/Hadj" title="Hadj">hadj</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Pelgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelgrimage">pelgrimage</a> naar Mekka, is verplicht voor iedere <a href="/wiki/Moslim" title="Moslim">moslim</a> die het zich financieel en qua gezondheid kan veroorloven. Voor een moslim is de <a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_al-Haram" title="Al-Masjid al-Haram">al-Masjid al-Haram</a>, de moskee met de <a href="/wiki/Ka%27aba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka'aba">Ka'aba</a>, de belangrijkste plaats op aarde. Zowel de moskee als de gehele stad is streng verboden voor <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_visies_op_niet-moslims" title="Islamitische visies op niet-moslims">niet-moslims</a>. </p><p>Overal ter wereld bidden moslims in de richting van Mekka. Deze richting noemen ze <a href="/wiki/Kibla" title="Kibla">kibla</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Moskee" title="Moskee">moskeeën</a> geeft een speciale gebedsnis, de <a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrab</a>, de kibla aan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis_van_Mekka">Geschiedenis van Mekka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis van Mekka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis van Mekka"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voor_Mohammed">Voor Mohammed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voor Mohammed" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voor Mohammed"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Alexandrië">Alexandrijnse</a> wetenschapper <a href="/wiki/Claudius_Ptolemaeus" title="Claudius Ptolemaeus">Ptolemaeus</a> (<a href="/wiki/87" title="87">87</a>-<a href="/wiki/150" title="150">150</a>) noemt in zijn werk <i>Geographia</i> de plaats <i>Makuraba</i>; moslimhistorici menen dat hij daarmee Mekka bedoelde.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Voor het ontstaan van de islam zou Mekka reeds een belangrijke handelsstad zijn geweest. Volgens Arabische historische bronnen was er bijvoorbeeld handel met de toenmalige <a href="/wiki/Byzantijnse_Keizerrijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantijnse Keizerrijk">Byzantijnse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perzische_Rijk" title="Perzische Rijk">Perzische</a> en andere rijken, maar in de talen van die landen wordt nooit over Mekka gesproken. Voor een handelsstad was de ligging trouwens geografisch gezien minder gunstig dan die van de nabijgelegen stad <a href="/wiki/Taif" title="Taif">Taif</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al voor de komst van de islam was de <a href="/wiki/Ka%27aba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka'aba">Ka'aba</a> (betekent: kubus) een belangrijk heidens heiligdom, zoals er zovele waren in Arabië. De Ka'aba verschilde van de andere heiligdommen in Arabië, doordat het pretendeerde een universeel heiligdom te zijn. Naar verluidt verbleef elke van de circa 360 goden van het voor-islamitische Arabië in dit heiligdom. Dit heiligdom trok <a href="/wiki/Pelgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelgrim">pelgrims</a> aan. De stam de <a href="/wiki/Koeraisj" class="mw-redirect" title="Koeraisj">Koeraisj</a> controleerde in de zesde eeuw de Ka'aba en daarmee ook de pelgrims en hun handel. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Abessijnen" class="mw-redirect" title="Abessijnen">Abessijnen</a>, christenen die oorspronkelijk uit Ethiopië kwamen, hadden in de loop van de zesde eeuw een kerk gebouwd in <a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a>, nu de hoofdstad van <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a>. Zij vielen in het <a href="/wiki/Jaar_van_de_Olifant" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaar van de Olifant">Jaar van de Olifant</a>, vermoedelijk <a href="/wiki/570" title="570">570</a> of <a href="/wiki/571" title="571">571</a>, met olifanten Mekka aan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mohammed">Mohammed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Mohammed" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Mohammed"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Geboortejaar_van_Mohammed" title="Geboortejaar van Mohammed">datzelfde jaar</a> werd volgens de overlevering <a href="/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed">Mohammed</a> geboren in Mekka. Zijn precieze geboortedatum is onbekend en hij wist deze zelf waarschijnlijk ook niet, omdat dat toentertijd nu eenmaal niet gebruikelijk was. </p><p>In zijn veertigste levensjaar ontving hij de eerste <a href="/wiki/Openbaring_(concept)" title="Openbaring (concept)">Openbaring</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Grot_van_Hira" title="Grot van Hira">grot van Hira</a>, zo'n 3 kilometer buiten de stad Mekka. Vele Openbaringen volgden nog en deze zijn later vastgelegd in de <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a>. De Mekkanen moesten niets hebben van Mohammed. In <a href="/wiki/622" title="622">622</a> besloot hij dan ook naar <a href="/wiki/Medina_(Arabi%C3%AB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Medina (Arabië)">Jathrib</a> (het latere Medina) te trekken. Deze zogenoemde <i><a href="/wiki/Hidjra" title="Hidjra">hidjra</a></i> vormde later het begin van de <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_kalender" title="Islamitische kalender">islamitische jaartelling</a>. Acht jaar later keerde Mohammed naar Mekka terug, waarna hij twee jaar later in <a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632</a> te Medina stierf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Na_Mohammed">Na Mohammed</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Na Mohammed" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Na Mohammed"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Mecca_prayer,_1889.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif/lossless-page1-250px-Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif/lossless-page1-375px-Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif/lossless-page1-500px-Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="1142" /></a><figcaption>Foto van de Kaaba en omgeving in 1889, voor de grootschalige vernietiging van de stad. Door Abd al-Ghaffār, al-Sayyid.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Makkah_1880.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Makkah_1880.png/250px-Makkah_1880.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Makkah_1880.png/375px-Makkah_1880.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Makkah_1880.png/500px-Makkah_1880.png 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>Historische woningen naast de grote moskee in de stijl gangbaar voor de regio Hejaz. De meeste van deze gebouwen zijn gesloopt. Dergelijke architectuur treft men tegenwoordig voornamelijk nog in de Saudische stad <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Na Mohammeds dood regeerden de vier rechtgeleide <a href="/wiki/Kalief" title="Kalief">kaliefen</a> nog vanuit Mekka, maar daarna verplaatste het centrum van de macht zich naar Medina, <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> en later <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a>. Hoewel Mekka de belangrijkste stad bleef, bleef haar economische positie beperkt. Onder Osmaans bestuur werden verschillende gebouwen toegevoegd aan de stad, zoals moskeeën en tombes. Ook renoveerden de Osmaanse Turken meermaals de Ka'aba en pre-Ottomaanse gebouwen in de stad. In 1806 was de stad al eens veroverd geweest door de eerste 'Saudische Staat', waarbij veel historische religieuze gebouwen als moskeeën, tombes en graven vernietigd werden. Tussen 1848 en 1860 herbouwden en herstelden de Ottomaanse Turken echter veel van deze bouwwerken. Tot in de 20e eeuw was Mekka een grotendeels 'Osmaanse' stad; haar gebouwen en pleinen waren allen door hen aangelegd, maar waren (in de Osmaanse traditie) door lokale architectonische en sociale aspecten beïnvloed. Dit veranderde in de volgende decennia drastisch. </p><p>Tot <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a> regeerden de <a href="/wiki/Sjarif_van_Mekka" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjarif van Mekka">Sjarifen van Mekka</a> over Mekka en de <a href="/wiki/Hidjaz" title="Hidjaz">Hidjaz</a>. De sjarif was een lijnrechte afstammeling van Mohammed. De laatste sjarif die over het gebied regeerde was <a href="/wiki/Hoessein_bin_Ali" title="Hoessein bin Ali">Hoessein bin Ali</a>. Na de periode van de Sjarifen werd het land een onderdeel van Saoedi-Arabië. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_Mekka">Modern Mekka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Modern Mekka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Modern Mekka"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De officiële staatsgodsdienst, het <a href="/wiki/Wahabisme" title="Wahabisme">Wahabisme</a>, dat sinds de overname van de stad van de Ottomanen ook in Mekka werd geïmplementeerd, is zeer fel gekant tegen elke vorm van verering van aardse zaken. Veel tombes, moskeeën, graven en andere historische bouwwerken zijn in opdracht van het Saudisch koningshuis in de loop van de 20e en 21e eeuw vernietigd. Onder de vernietigde gebouwen zijn vijf van de zeven moskeeën die zijn gebouwd door de dochter van de profeet, en vier die door zijn metgezellen zijn gebouwd.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andere gesloopte objecten omvatten het huis waar de profeet geboren zou zijn en de huizen van zijn familie en metgezellen. Op de plaats van de moskee van abu-Qubais staat nu het paleis van de koning. Waar enkele jaren geleden het huis van de vrouw van de profeet stond, is nu een openbaar toilet.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nog maar iets meer dan een dozijn gebouwen resteert in de stad uit de tijd van de profeet. Ook een deel van de 5 eeuwen oude Grote Moskee naast de Kaaba is in 2013 gesloopt.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996 is de Kaaba zelf al een keer volledig afgebroken. Bij de 'restauratie' werd de oude fundering gesloopt en vervangen door beton en ook het originele metsel- en houtwerk van het interieur werd verwijderd. Sinds de vorige eeuw is Mekka in rap tempo 'gemoderniseerd'; de skyline bestaat nu grotendeels uit betonnen flats met hotels en winkelcentra en de 7 wolkenkrabbers van de <a href="/wiki/Abraj_Al_Bait_Toren" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraj Al Bait Toren">Abraj Al Bait Toren</a>. Dit laatste complex is (net als veel andere 'moderne' gebouwen in de stad) gebouwd op de plaats waar een historisch gebouw stond. Hier stond tot enkele jaren geleden een Ottomaans fort. Volgens schattingen zijn 95% van alle historische gebouwen, duizenden jaren aan geschiedenis, vernietigd.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Niet enkel honderden religieuze gebouwen zijn gesloopt, ook woonhuizen in het oude Osmaanse centrum worden vernietigd zonder dat bewoners compensatie krijgen.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ook de parken, begraafplaatsen, natuur en het landschap zelf zijn aangetast. Zo zijn de meeste bomen in de stad verwijderd en zijn alle bergtoppen rond de stad met dynamiet opgeblazen. Mekka onderscheidt zich wegens de grootschalige vernietiging van historisch erfgoed en de komst van westerse fastfood-ketens als Burger King en McDonald's en merkwinkels in grote winkelcentra, steeds minder van andere steden in de Arabische wereld. De stad heeft zich volledig toegelegd op de pelgrimindustrie. Wegens de economische ontwikkeling in de Islamitische wereld sinds de tweede helft van de 20e eeuw is het aantal pelgrims geëxplodeerd. Enkele islamitische landen (met name Turkije, Iran en Egypte) hebben felle kritiek geuit op deze praktijken. In 2014 haalde de Turkse geestelijk leider Mehmet Görmez van <a href="/wiki/Diyanet" title="Diyanet">Diyanet</a> fel uit naar de Saudische regering na zijn bezoek aan de stad: "Elke dag wordt de geschiedenis vernietigd in het heilige land. [...] Ik zou willen dat ik in staat was de geschiedenis te beschermen".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kleinere islamitische landen durven de Saudische regering vaak niet tegen te spreken, uit angst om minder plaatsen voor de hadj toegewezen te krijgen. In Saoedi-Arabië zelf is er voornamelijk kritiek van architecten als Sami Angawi.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onthoofdingen_en_kruisigingen">Onthoofdingen en kruisigingen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Onthoofdingen en kruisigingen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Onthoofdingen en kruisigingen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Mekka worden met enige regelmaat mensen publiekelijk onthoofd volgens de Wahabitische traditie. De lijken worden hierna tentoongesteld of gekruisigd.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De onthoofdingen vinden tegenwoordig plaats bij de <a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_al-Haram" title="Al-Masjid al-Haram">Al-Masjid al-Haram</a>. Voorheen vonden zij plaats bij de Koning Abd Al-‘Aziz-poort. De positie van <a href="/wiki/Beul" title="Beul">beul</a> is erfelijk; al van jongs af aan worden zij voorbereid op hun toekomstig werk.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Niet-moslims_en_Mekka">Niet-moslims en Mekka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Niet-moslims en Mekka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Niet-moslims en Mekka"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Christian_Bypass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Christian_Bypass.jpg/300px-Christian_Bypass.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Christian_Bypass.jpg/450px-Christian_Bypass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Christian_Bypass.jpg/600px-Christian_Bypass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>Geen toegang tot Mekka voor niet-moslims</figcaption></figure> <p>Niet-moslims mogen de stad Mekka niet betreden. De toegangswegen tot de stad worden dan ook gecontroleerd. Ook wordt dit in het Engels en Arabisch vermeld op de bewegwijzeringsborden in de omgeving van de stad, zoals is te zien op de foto hiernaast. Men baseert zich hiervoor op vers 9:28 uit de <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a>: </p> <blockquote style="margin:1em 0; padding:0 32px;"><p>O, gij die gelooft, de afgodendienaren zijn voorzeker onrein. Zij zullen daarom na (verloop van) dit jaar de heilige Moskee niet naderen. En als gij armoede vreest, zal Allah u als Hij wil, uit Zijn overvloed verrijken. Voorzeker, Allah is Alwetend, Alwijs.</p><div style="padding-left:1.6em; font-size:90%;">— Koran 9:28</div></blockquote> <p>Een van de eerste niet-moslims die het lukte de stad te bezoeken was de Britse ontdekker <a href="/wiki/Richard_Francis_Burton" title="Richard Francis Burton">Richard Burton</a> in <a href="/wiki/1853" title="1853">1853</a>. Door zichzelf als een <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghaanse</a> moslim te vermommen wist hij Mekka binnen te komen. Hij legde zijn ervaringen vast in <i>Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and Meccah</i>. De Nederlander <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Snouck_Hurgronje" title="Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje">Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje</a> bezocht de stad in <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>, terwijl hij zich uitgaf als <a href="/wiki/Bekeerling" class="mw-redirect" title="Bekeerling">bekeerling</a>. In 2013/14 moesten enkele werknemers van een Nederlands sloopbedrijf zich bekeren om de site te mogen betreden. Ze sloopten een deel van de historische grote moskee naast de Ka'aba.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verkeer_en_vervoer">Verkeer en vervoer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verkeer en vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verkeer en vervoer"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mekka zelf beschikt slechts over een klein vliegveldje, de meeste pelgrims arriveren via de haven of het vliegveld van <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>. Rond de stad ligt een netwerk van snelwegen, die aangelegd zijn om de enorme verkeersdrukte van de hadj te verwerken. De verstopte wegen waren aanleiding om de <a href="/wiki/Metro_van_Mekka" title="Metro van Mekka">metro van Mekka</a> te bouwen. Op 15 november 2010 opende de metro, die uit een lijn met negen stations bestaat. De lijn volgt de route van de pelgrims, vanaf de oostzijde van Mekka via <a href="/wiki/Mina_(Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB)" title="Mina (Saoedi-Arabië)">Mina</a> naar het eindpunt, de <a href="/wiki/Vlakte_van_Arafat" title="Vlakte van Arafat">vlakte van Arafat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uitdrukking">Uitdrukking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Uitdrukking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Uitdrukking"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In het <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a> wordt <i>mekka</i> ook als soortnaam gebruikt voor andersoortige reisdoelen, namelijk voor oorden die een aantrekkingskracht uitoefenen op <i>"bedevaartgangers"</i> van <i>niet</i>-religieuze aard, in de uitdrukking <i>het mekka van ...</i>. Zo wordt <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_(Nevada)" title="Las Vegas (Nevada)">Las Vegas</a> wel het mekka van het gokken genoemd, <a href="/wiki/Brussel_(stad)" title="Brussel (stad)">Brussel</a> het mekka van de strips, en <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> het mekka van de <a href="/wiki/Informatie-_en_Communicatietechnologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Informatie- en Communicatietechnologie">IT</a>-industrie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spelling">Spelling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Spelling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Spelling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de <a href="/wiki/1980-1989" title="1980-1989">jaren 80</a> heeft Saoedi-Arabië de Engelse <a href="/wiki/Transliteratie" title="Transliteratie">transcriptie</a> van de naam <i>Mekka</i> veranderd in <i>Makkah</i>. In het geschreven Arabisch bestaat er geen onderscheid tussen <i>Mekka</i> en <i>Makkah</i>: de a wordt in diverse dialecten een è-klank als de a volgt op bijvoorbeeld de m. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Psalm" title="Psalm">Psalm</a> 84, vers 7, is sprake van het Baka-dal. Er is weleens een verband gelegd met de aanduiding <i>Bekka</i> voor de stad Mekka die op enkele plaatsen in de Koran voorkomt als oudere naam voor de stad, maar dit is speculatief. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geboren">Geboren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geboren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geboren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdoellah_I_van_Jordani%C3%AB" title="Abdoellah I van Jordanië">Abdoellah I van Jordanië</a> (1882-1951), emir/koning van Jordanië (1923-1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulaziz_Khathran" title="Abdulaziz Khathran">Abdulaziz Khathran</a> (1973), voetballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Noor" title="Mohammed Noor">Mohammed Noor</a> (1978), voetballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osama_Hawsawi" title="Osama Hawsawi">Osama Hawsawi</a> (1984), voetballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wojdan_Shaherkani" title="Wojdan Shaherkani">Wojdan Shaherkani</a> (1996), judoka</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brand_in_meisjesschool_te_Mekka" title="Brand in meisjesschool te Mekka">Brand in meisjesschool te Mekka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_van_Mekka" title="Metro van Mekka">Metro van Mekka</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mekka&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170429114647/http://www.qibla.com.br/">Mekka</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Watson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Watson (de pagina bestaat niet)">Watson, Peter</a> (2005) <i>Ideeën. De geschiedenis van het menselijk denken.</i> <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-274-8058-3" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-274-8058-3">ISBN 90-274-8058-3</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Reza_Aslan" title="Reza Aslan">Aslan, Reza</a> (2005) <i>Geen god dan God</i> <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-234-1753-8" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-234-1753-8">ISBN 978-90-234-1753-8</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Crone" title="Patricia Crone">Crone, Patricia</a> (1987) <i>Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam</i>, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-295-6282-9" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-295-6282-9">ISBN 978-90-295-6282-9</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theamericanmuslim.org/tam.php/features/articles/saudi_destruction_of_muslim_historical_sites1/">Saudi Destruction of Muslim Historical Sites</a> The American Muslim, 19 juli 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/latenightlive/the-destruction-of-mecca/4409652">The destruction of Mecca</a> ABC radio Late Night Live, 5 december 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304013700/https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/latenightlive/the-destruction-of-mecca/4409652">Gearchiveerd</a> op 4 maart 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/oct/14/as-the-hajj-begins-the-destruction-of-meccas-heritage-continues">As the Hajj begins, the destruction of Mecca's heritage continues</a> The Guardian, 14 oktober 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240901133022/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/oct/14/as-the-hajj-begins-the-destruction-of-meccas-heritage-continues">Gearchiveerd</a> op 1 september 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/the-photos-saudi-arabia-doesnt-want-seen--and-proof-islams-most-holy-relics-are-being-demolished-in-mecca-8536968.html">The photos Saudi Arabia doesn't want seen – and proof Islam's most holy relics are being demolished in Mecca</a> The Independent, 15 maart 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysia-chronicle.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=315272:mecca-for-the-rich-islams-holiest-site-turning-into-vegas&Itemid=2#axzz38279RFLK">Mecca for the rich: Islam's holiest site 'turning into Vegas'</a> Malaysia Chronicle, 5 juli 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys-top-cleric-slams-saudi-arabia-over-mecca-skyscrapers.aspx?pageID=238&nID=72377&NewsCatID=393">Turkey’s top cleric slams Saudi Arabia over Mecca skyscrapers</a> Hurriyet Daily News, 2 oktober 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lobelog.com/mecca-money-and-monotheism/">Mecca, Money and Monotheism</a> Thomas W. Lippman op Lobelog.com, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/11804380">Pilgrim beheaded in Mecca</a> The Argus, 21 januari 1944, via de 'National library of Australia'. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230118172250/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/11804380">Gearchiveerd</a> op 18 januari 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/secret-saudi-executions-shame-the-west-1576699.html">Secret Saudi executions shame the West</a> The Independent, 9 oktober 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240704134129/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/secret-saudi-executions-shame-the-west-1576699.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op 4 juli 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/man-who-filmed-woman-being-publicly-beheaded-in-mecca-reportedly-arrested-in-saudi-arabia-9988062.html">Man who filmed woman being publicly beheaded in Mecca reportedly arrested in Saudi Arabia</a> The Independent, 19 januari 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240901133306/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/man-who-filmed-woman-being-publicly-beheaded-in-mecca-reportedly-arrested-in-saudi-arabia-9988062.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op 1 september 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/08/saudi-crucifixion/567128/">Saudi Arabia Rejects Human-Rights Criticism, Then Crucifies Someone</a> The Atlantic, 9 augustus 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240714202625/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/08/saudi-crucifixion/567128/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 14 juli 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2006/12/01/saudi-state-executioner-loves-his-job/">Saudi state executioner loves his job</a> Foreign Policy, 1 december 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231201013251/https://foreignpolicy.com/2006/12/01/saudi-state-executioner-loves-his-job/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 1 december 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraaf.nl/binnenland/22781165/__Werknemers_bekeerd_voor_klus__.html">Werknemers bekeerd voor klus</a> Telegraaf, 25 juni 2014</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Islam_(portaal)"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_islam" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie islam"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_islam" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b><a href="/wiki/Islam_van_A_tot_Z" title="Islam van A tot Z">Algemeen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Arabisch)" title="Adab (Arabisch)">Adab</a> · <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dawa" title="Dawa">Dawa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fitra" title="Fitra">Fitra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tawhied" title="Tawhied">Tawhied</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ummah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ummah">Ummah</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zuilen_van_geloof" title="Zuilen van geloof">Zuilen van geloof</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Vijf_zuilen_van_de_islam" title="Vijf zuilen van de islam">Vijf zuilen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Sjahada" title="Sjahada">Sjahada</a> · <a href="/wiki/Salat_(islam)" title="Salat (islam)">Salat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Siyam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hadj" title="Hadj">Hadj</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Islamitische_kalender" title="Islamitische kalender">Kalender</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Dag_van_Arafat" title="Dag van Arafat">Arafat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Asjoera" title="Asjoera">Asjoera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gezegende_Nachten" class="mw-redirect" title="Gezegende Nachten">Gezegende Nachten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitisch_Nieuwjaar" title="Islamitisch Nieuwjaar">Islamitisch Nieuwjaar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Offerfeest" title="Offerfeest">Offerfeest</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suikerfeest" title="Suikerfeest">Suikerfeest</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Moslim" title="Moslim">Personen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Asharatu_mubashirun" title="Asharatu mubashirun">10 mubashirun</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a> · <a href="/wiki/Boodschapper_(islam)" title="Boodschapper (islam)">Boodschappers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Emigranten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ansaar" title="Ansaar">Helpers</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kinderen_van_Mohammed" title="Kinderen van Mohammed">Kinderen van Mohammed</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mahdi_(islam)" title="Mahdi (islam)">Mahdi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sahaba" title="Sahaba">Metgezellen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vrouwen_van_Mohammed" title="Vrouwen van Mohammed">Moeders der Gelovigen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mohammed" title="Mohammed">Mohammed</a> · <a href="/wiki/Profeten_in_de_islam" title="Profeten in de islam">Profeten</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rechtgeleide kaliefen</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Stromingen_in_de_islam" title="Stromingen in de islam">Stromingen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_(geloofsgemeenschap)" title="Ahmadiyya (geloofsgemeenschap)">Ahmadiyya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kharidjisme" title="Kharidjisme">Kharidjisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koranisme" title="Koranisme">Koranisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moetazilisme" title="Moetazilisme">Moetazilisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Qadarisme" title="Qadarisme">Qadarisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sjiisme" title="Sjiisme">Sjiisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Soefisme" title="Soefisme">Soefisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Soennisme" title="Soennisme">Soennisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Volksislam" title="Volksislam">Volksislam</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Wet en recht</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">Fatwa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fikh" title="Fikh">Fikh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a> · <a href="/wiki/Halal_en_haram" title="Halal en haram">Halal en haram</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitisch_bankieren" title="Islamitisch bankieren">Islamitisch bankieren</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kalam_(islam)" title="Kalam (islam)">Kalam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Madhhab</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ridda" title="Ridda">Ridda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Soenna" title="Soenna">Soenna</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme">Politiek</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Emiraat" title="Emiraat">Emiraat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Imamaat" title="Imamaat">Imamaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_monarchie" title="Islamitische monarchie">Islamitische monarchie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_republiek" title="Islamitische republiek">Islamitische republiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kalifaat" title="Kalifaat">Kalifaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sjeikdom" title="Sjeikdom">Sjeikdom</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sultanaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanaat">Sultanaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wilaya" title="Wilaya">Wilaya</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_islam" title="Geschiedenis van de islam">Geschiedenis</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Beknopte_chronologie_van_de_islam" title="Beknopte chronologie van de islam">Beknopte chronologie van de islam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hidjra" title="Hidjra">Hidjra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_gouden_tijdperk" title="Islamitische gouden tijdperk">Islamitische gouden tijdperk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_veroveringen" title="Islamitische veroveringen">Islamitische veroveringen</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oorsprong_van_de_islam" title="Oorsprong van de islam">Oorsprong van de islam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jahiliyya" title="Jahiliyya">Pre-islamitisch</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Wetenschap_in_de_middeleeuwse_islamitische_wereld" title="Wetenschap in de middeleeuwse islamitische wereld">Wetenschap</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Islamitische_architectuur" title="Islamitische architectuur">Architectuur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arabische_en_islamitische_astrologie" title="Arabische en islamitische astrologie">Astrologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arabische_filosofie" title="Arabische filosofie">Filosofie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Huis_der_Wijsheid" title="Huis der Wijsheid">Huis der Wijsheid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_kunst" title="Islamitische kunst">Kunst</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamologie" title="Islamologie">Islamologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arabische_agrarische_revolutie" title="Arabische agrarische revolutie">Landbouw</a> · <a href="/wiki/Oelama" title="Oelama">Oelama</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Akhirah" title="Akhirah">Hiernamaals</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Barzakh" title="Barzakh">Barzakh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jahannam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahannam">Hel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Djannah" title="Djannah">Paradijs</a> · <a href="/wiki/As-Sir%C4%81t" title="As-Sirāt">Sirat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Qiyamah" title="Qiyamah">Wederopstanding</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862"> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Steden_in_Saoedi-Arabië"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_steden_Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie steden Saoedi-Arabië"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_steden_Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div class="navigatie-afb-rechts noviewer"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Saoedi-Arabië"><img alt="Vlag van Saoedi-Arabië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div id="Steden_in_Saoedi-Arabië" class="navigatie-titel">Steden in Saoedi-Arabië</div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <p><a href="/wiki/Abha" title="Abha">Abha</a> · <a href="/wiki/Al-Bahah_(stad)" title="Al-Bahah (stad)">Al-Bahah</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bariq" title="Bariq">Bariq</a> · <a href="/wiki/Buraidah" title="Buraidah">Buraidah</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dammam" title="Dammam">Dammam</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dhahran" title="Dhahran">Dhahran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">Hail</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jizan_(stad)" title="Jizan (stad)">Jizan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jubail" title="Jubail">Jubail</a> · <a href="/wiki/Al-Kharj" title="Al-Kharj">Al-Kharj</a> · <a href="/wiki/Khobar" title="Khobar">Khobar</a> · <a href="/wiki/Medina_(Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB)" title="Medina (Saoedi-Arabië)">Medina</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mekka</a> · <a href="/wiki/Najran_(stad)" title="Najran (stad)">Najran</a> · <a href="/wiki/Riyad_(stad)" title="Riyad (stad)">Riyad</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tabuk_(stad)" title="Tabuk (stad)">Tabuk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Taif" title="Taif">Taif</a> · <a href="/wiki/Unayzah" title="Unayzah">Unayzah</a> · <a href="/wiki/Yanbu" title="Yanbu">Yanbu</a> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië">Saoedi-Arabië</a> · <a href="/wiki/Provincies_van_Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Provincies van Saoedi-Arabië">Provincies</a></i> </p> </div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mecca#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mecca">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 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