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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career (1961–1987)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career_(1961–1987)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career (1961–1987) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career_(1961–1987)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>House of Representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Senate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Martial_law_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martial_law_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Martial law years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Martial_law_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EDSA_People_Power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EDSA_People_Power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>EDSA People Power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EDSA_People_Power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PCGG_chairman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PCGG_chairman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>PCGG chairman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PCGG_chairman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate_presidency_(1987–1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate_presidency_(1987–1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Senate presidency (1987–1992)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Senate_presidency_(1987–1992)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Senate presidency (1987–1992) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Senate_presidency_(1987–1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rejection_of_the_Phil–U.S._Bases_Treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rejection_of_the_Phil–U.S._Bases_Treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Rejection of the Phil–U.S. Bases Treaty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rejection_of_the_Phil–U.S._Bases_Treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Removal_as_Senate_President" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal_as_Senate_President"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Removal as Senate President</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal_as_Senate_President-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1992_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1992_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>1992 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1992_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Senate_presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Senate_presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Post-Senate presidency</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-Senate_presidency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-Senate presidency subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-Senate_presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Honors and recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_years_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_years_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Final years and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_years_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7" title="جوفيتو سالونغا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جوفيتو سالونغا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Jovito Salonga" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jovito Salonga" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jovito Salonga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jovito Salonga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="جوفيتو سالونجا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوفيتو سالونجا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jovito Salonga" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jovito Salonga" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0,_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Салонга, Ховито – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Салонга, Ховито" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jovito Salonga" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jovito Salonga" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovito_Salonga" title="Jovito Salonga – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jovito Salonga" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E7%BB%B4%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E9%9A%86%E5%8A%A0" title="霍维托·萨隆加 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="霍维托·萨隆加" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q471876#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of the Senate of the Philippines from 1987 to 1992</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jovito_Salonga" title="Special:EditPage/Jovito Salonga">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jovito+Salonga%22">"Jovito Salonga"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jovito+Salonga%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jovito+Salonga%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jovito+Salonga%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jovito+Salonga%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jovito+Salonga%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jovito Salonga</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jovito_Salonga_1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jovito_Salonga_1965.jpg/220px-Jovito_Salonga_1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jovito_Salonga_1965.jpg/330px-Jovito_Salonga_1965.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jovito_Salonga_1965.jpg/440px-Jovito_Salonga_1965.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1276" data-file-height="1748" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Salonga in 1965</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">12th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">President of the Senate of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 27, 1987 – January 18, 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Abolished</i><br /><small>(Title last held by <a href="/wiki/Gil_Puyat" title="Gil Puyat">Gil Puyat</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali A. Gonzales, Sr.</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_Good_Government#Past_chairpersons" title="Presidential Commission on Good Government">1st</a> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_Good_Government" title="Presidential Commission on Good Government">Chairman of the Presidential Commission on Good Government</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 28, 1986 – March 5, 1987</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Ramon A. Diaz</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senator of the Philippines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 1987 – June 30, 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 30, 1965 – September 23, 1972<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">Philippine House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rizal%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Rizal's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Francisco S. Sumulong</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Frisco F. San Juan</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jovito Reyes Salonga</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1920-06-22</span>)</span>June 22, 1920<br /><a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" title="Insular Government of the Philippine Islands">Philippine Islands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 10, 2016<span style="display:none">(2016-03-10)</span> (aged 95)<br /><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a> (1961–2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Lydia Busuego</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1948; died 2010)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman" title="University of the Philippines Diliman">University of the Philippines Diliman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LL.B</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">LL.M</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Juridical_Science" title="Doctor of Juridical Science">SJD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>lawyer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jovito Reyes Salonga</b>, <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Rizal" title="Knights of Rizal">KGCR</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Tagalog pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">[hoˈvito<span class="wrap"> </span>sɐˈlɔŋga]</a></span>; June 22, 1920 – March 10, 2016) also called <b>"Ka Jovy,"</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino</a> politician and lawyer, as well as a leading opposition leader during the regime of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_No._1081" title="Proclamation No. 1081">declaration of martial law</a> in 1972 until the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a> in 1986, which removed Marcos from power. Salonga was the 14th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">president of the Senate of the Philippines</a>, serving from 1987 to 1992. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jovito Salonga was born in poverty in <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a> on June 22, 1920. His father was a <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> pastor, Esteban Salonga and his mother, Bernardita <i>Dinang</i> Reyes, was a market vendor.<sup id="cite_ref-rappler_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rappler-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents married in 1904. Jovito Salonga, the youngest of five brothers, worked his way through college and law school as a proofreader in the publishing firm of his eldest brother, Isayas. He spent time shoe-shining and selling newspapers in the streets of Pasig. Salonga graduated at Pasig Elementary School. During his senior year at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines_College_of_Law" title="University of the Philippines College of Law">College of Law</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">at the University of the Philippines (U.P.)</a> <a href="/wiki/UP_Manila" class="mw-redirect" title="UP Manila">in Manila</a>, he quit his job to prepare for the bar exam. Due to the beginning of World War II, he postponed taking the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Bar_Examination" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Bar Examination">Philippine Bar Examination</a> until 1944, when he and <a href="/wiki/Jose_W._Diokno" title="Jose W. Diokno">Jose W. Diokno</a>, a future ally in the Senate and during martial law, both topped the bar with a then-record grade point average of 95.3%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II_hero">World War II hero</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II hero"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A few months after the Japanese invasion in December 1941, Salonga went underground and engaged in anti-Japanese activities. In April 1942, he was captured and tortured by the Japanese Military Police in <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a> in the presence of his aging father. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He was transferred to Fort Santiago and several other prisons where he was subjected to further persecution. On June 11, 1942, he was sentenced to 15 years of hard labor by the Japanese and incarcerated at the <a href="/wiki/New_Bilibid_Prison" title="New Bilibid Prison">New Bilibid Prison</a> in <a href="/wiki/Muntinlupa" title="Muntinlupa">Muntinlupa</a>, but was pardoned on the <a href="/wiki/National_Foundation_Day_(Japan)" title="National Foundation Day (Japan)">Foundation Day</a> of Japan (Kigen Setsu) in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_education">American education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After passing the bar, he went back to the U.P. College of Law where he earned an LL.B in 1946. He traveled to the U.S. when he won a scholarship to attend <a href="/wiki/Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard">Harvard</a> for his master's degree. Recommended by Harvard professor <a href="/wiki/Manley_Hudson" class="mw-redirect" title="Manley Hudson">Manley Hudson</a> to <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a>, he was awarded a fellowship at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> where he earned a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Juridical_Science" title="Doctor of Juridical Science">Doctor of Juridical Science</a> (SJD) in 1949. He however turned down their offer of a faculty position because he felt he should participate in his country's post-war reconstruction. He was honored with the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100614045726/http://www.law.yale.edu/givetoyls/prizes.htm">Ambrose Gherini Prize</a> for writing the best paper in international law. At Yale, he met <a href="/wiki/Jose_B._Laurel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jose B. Laurel Jr.">Jose B. Laurel</a>, son of wartime President <a href="/wiki/Jose_P._Laurel" title="Jose P. Laurel">Jose P. Laurel</a>, who later became his law partner in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. In February 1948, he married Lydia Busuego in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a> who gave birth to their first son, Esteban Fernando Salonga, among other children. </p><p>Salonga returned to the Philippines to pursue teaching and the practice of law. He authored several books on corporate law and international law, and was appointed Dean of the <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_University" title="Far Eastern University">Far Eastern University</a> <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_University_Institute_of_Law" title="Far Eastern University Institute of Law">Institute of Law</a> in 1956. His student and later associate was future <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Philippines" title="Chief Justice of the Philippines">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Artemio_Panganiban" title="Artemio Panganiban">Artemio Panganiban</a>, who said the three finest lawyers in history were Salonga, fellow ally Sen. Diokno, and future Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Claudio_O._Teehankee" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudio O. Teehankee">Claudio Ong Teehankee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 16, 1988, <a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State University</a> selected him to receive an honorary degree. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Central_Philippine_University" title="Central Philippine University">Central Philippine University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silliman_University" title="Silliman University">Silliman University</a>, which were founded by Protestant <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">Americans</a>, conferred him with honorary degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-Evoking_the_experiences_of_Martial_Law_–_in_remembrance_of_its_declaration_-_Centralian_Link_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evoking_the_experiences_of_Martial_Law_–_in_remembrance_of_its_declaration_-_Centralian_Link-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career_(1961–1987)"><span id="Political_career_.281961.E2.80.931987.29"></span>Political career (1961–1987)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political career (1961–1987)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_of_Representatives">House of Representatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1960, he was persuaded by Vice President <a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a>, then president of the Liberal Party (LP), one of the two dominant political parties in the Philippines at the time, to run for Congress in the second district of Rizal, where two political dynasties dominated the bureaucracy. Salonga helped build the party from the grassroots, largely with the support of disgruntled young people who responded to the issues he raised, particularly the entrenchment of the political ruling class and their families in seats of governments, a major cause of disenchantment among the masses. In the November 1961 elections, he bested his two opponents by an overwhelming margin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Shortly after his election, he tangled with one of the best debaters of the opposing party, the <a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista Party</a> (NP), on the issue of proportional representation in various committees. He also composed a seminal article, published and editorialized in various papers, on the Philippines' territorial claim to North Borneo (Sabah). With the election of <a href="/wiki/Cornelio_Villareal" title="Cornelio Villareal">Cornelio Villareal</a> (LP, Capiz) as Speaker of the House, Salonga was appointed to the chairmanship of the prestigious Committee on Good Government and led the committee in conducting inquires in aid of legislation relentlessly about the prevailing graft and corruption in the government and recommended filing of charges against some government officials and employees. In June 1962, President Macapagal filed the Philippine petition against Malaysia's alleged illegal expropriation of North Borneo. Salonga was appointed to head the delegation in the January 1963 London negotiations. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate">Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After one term, Salonga was chosen to run for Senate under the LP banner in the <a href="/wiki/1965_Philippine_general_election" title="1965 Philippine general election">1965 elections</a>. Despite limited financial resources and the victory of NP candidate Marcos as president, Salonga was elected senator, garnering the most votes. In 1967, he was <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Benigno Aquino Jr.">Benigno Aquino Jr.</a>'s chief lawyer in the underage lawsuit filed against the latter by President Marcos. Largely through Salonga's skills in jurisprudence, Aquino won his case before the Commission on Elections. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Subsequently, Marcos' appeals to the Supreme Court and Senate Electoral Tribunal were overturned, granting a final victory to Salonga and Aquino. For his well-documented exposés against the Marcos administration, Salonga was hailed as the "Nation's Fiscalizer" by the Philippines Free Press in 1968. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He ran for re-election in 1971. Along with some members of the Liberal Party, he was critically injured on the <a href="/wiki/1971_Plaza_Miranda_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 Plaza Miranda bombing">August 21 bombing</a> of his party's proclamation rally at Plaza Miranda. His doctors' prognoses were grim—he was not expected to live. He survived, however, with impaired eyesight and hearing, and more than a hundred tiny pieces of shrapnel in his body. He topped the senatorial race for the second time. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He returned to the political arena and embarked on a successful law career. He protested <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> and was unjustly arrested. After his release from military custody, he was offered a visiting scholarship at Yale, where he engaged in the revision of his book on international law. He completed his book on the Marcos years, which included a program for a new democratic Philippines. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Martial_law_years">Martial law years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Martial law years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution#CAMEL" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution § CAMEL</a></div> <p>The imposition of martial law in September 1972 was the catalyst that radicalized hundreds of oppositionists and the pretext to arrest and imprison many of them, including moderate ones. Salonga openly and vigorously opposed it, and he and his law partners, future <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Secretary of Justice (Philippines)">Justice Secretary</a> Sedfrey Ordoñez and future Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Pedro_L._Yap" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro L. Yap">Pedro L. Yap</a>, defended many cases of well-known political prisoners as well as obscure detainees, most of them on a <a href="/wiki/Pro_bono" title="Pro bono">pro bono</a> basis. </p><p>In October 1980, after the bombing of the Philippine International Convention Center, Marcos again ordered Salonga's arrest; this time he was detained at Fort Bonifacio without any formal charges and investigation. He was allowed to leave with his wife for the U.S. in March 1981, to attend several international conferences and undergo medical procedures. Right after their departure, subversion charges—supposedly a well-known Marcos tactic to scare off his enemies from ever returning—were filed against him. Jovito and Lydia Salonga lived in self-exile in Hawaii, then moved to <a href="/wiki/Encino,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Encino, California">Encino, California</a>, where he was visited by many opposition leaders, including Ninoy Aquino. It was here where, at the request of LP President <a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Roxas" title="Gerardo Roxas">Gerry Roxas</a>, Salonga wrote the party's <i>Vision and Program of Government</i>. After Roxas' death in April 1982, Salonga was elected acting president of the Liberal Party. Salonga then became one of the candidates for president against Marcos, competing against the two <a href="/wiki/UNIDO" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIDO">UNIDO</a> leaders <a href="/wiki/Doy_Laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="Doy Laurel">Doy Laurel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eva_Estrada-Kalaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Eva Estrada-Kalaw">Eva Estrada-Kalaw</a>, with all three eventually agreeing to settle with <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> as the main candidate, who defeated Marcos in the 1986 election. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EDSA_People_Power">EDSA People Power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: EDSA People Power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The assassination of Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. in August 1983 prompted Salonga to return to the Philippines on January 21, 1985, to help resuscitate his party and unite democratic opposition. A month later, the Supreme Court unanimously dismissed subversion charges against him. He was elected president of the Liberal Party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PCGG_chairman">PCGG chairman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: PCGG chairman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after the EDSA Revolution, President <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a>, Aquino's widow, appointed Salonga Chair of the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), which was tasked with investigating and recovering the alleged ill-gotten wealth of Marcos and cronies. </p><p>As chairman of the Commission on Good Government, he "filed and perfected" the government's claim to the Marcos Swiss deposits through the Swiss lawyers dr. Salvioni, dr. Fontanet and Leuenberger. His unwavering pursuit of the Marcos ill-gotten wealth was, in one senator's words, the "moral equivalent of a war". His efforts were rewarded when the government sequestrated <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Cojuangco,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr.">Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr.</a>'s firms including 93% shares of the United Coconut Planters Bank and 27% shares of the San Miguel Corporation. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2000, the Swiss federal Court, after 14 years of litigation, decided to forfeit the corrupt Marcos funds received by the Swiss Credit bank in Zurich,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and delivered to the nation's government more than US$680,000,000. The commission also petitioned to expropriate several real estate properties and several of the nation's largest corporations that the Philippine government claim were bought through blackmail or money the Marcos family allegedly plundered from the Treasury. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senate_presidency_(1987–1992)"><span id="Senate_presidency_.281987.E2.80.931992.29"></span>Senate presidency (1987–1992)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Senate presidency (1987–1992)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his one-year stint in the PCGG, he was drafted to run for the senate in the 1987 elections.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For the third time, he won the number one spot in the senatorial race. He was subsequently elected as Senate President due to his colleagues' respect for his long standing career as lawyer, lawmaker and defender of human rights. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislation">Legislation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elected as Senate President by his peers, and as Senator by the people, Salonga authored three major legislative measures: the "Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees (R.A. 6713)", the "Anti-Coup d'état Act (R.A. 6968)", and the "Anti-Plunder Law (R.A. 7080)". In April 1990, he was conferred a Doctor of Laws degree, <a href="/wiki/Honoris_causa" class="mw-redirect" title="Honoris causa">honoris causa</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines</a> "for his brilliant career as <i>"an eminent political figure... for his unwavering, courageous stand against injustice, oppression, and dictatorship ... and for his sterling personal qualities of decency, humility, industry and moderation".</i> </p><p>Salonga, despite limited means, won three senatorial elections, garnering the largest number of votes under three different administrations: that of <a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a>. He has successfully legislated the State Scholarship Law, the Disclosure of Interest Act, the <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a> for Public School Teachers, the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, and the Act Defining and Penalizing the Crime of Plunder.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rejection_of_the_Phil–U.S._Bases_Treaty"><span id="Rejection_of_the_Phil.E2.80.93U.S._Bases_Treaty"></span>Rejection of the Phil–U.S. Bases Treaty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Rejection of the Phil–U.S. Bases Treaty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1991, Salonga personally organized the group of 12 senators called "The Magnificent Twelve" in rejecting the R.P.-U.S. Bases Treaty. Salonga gave the vote that broke the tie stating in his speech that awards did not mean that much to him anymore.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Removal_as_Senate_President">Removal as Senate President</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Removal as Senate President"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1991, he was ousted from his position as President of the Senate on the charge that he was using his post to boost his chances of becoming the President of the Philippines in the 1992 election in which he is a candidate, that he was obstructing the priority legislative measures of the Aquino administration, and that he was neglecting the administration the Senate, and was succeeded by Senator <a href="/wiki/Neptali_A._Gonzales,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Neptali A. Gonzales, Sr.">Neptali A. Gonzales, Sr.</a> who served as Senate President on January 1, 1992, following a transition of leadership agreement with Salonga. Due to the agreement, Salonga remained as Senate President until December 31, 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Incidentally, like Salonga, Senator Gonzales also served as Dean of the <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_University_Institute_of_Law" title="Far Eastern University Institute of Law">Far Eastern University Institute of Law</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992_presidential_election">1992 presidential election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1992 presidential election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1992 Philippine presidential election">1992 Philippine presidential election</a></div> <p>He then launched a bid for the presidency in 1992, running under the Liberal Party with <a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP–Laban">PDP–Laban</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel Jr.</a> running for vice president, but he lost (finishing sixth in a seven-person race in the official tally) despite the resounding support of students from various colleges and universities. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Senate_presidency">Post-Senate presidency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Post-Senate presidency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salonga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Salonga.jpg/220px-Salonga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Salonga.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption>Salonga at a speaking engagement, 2005</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activities">Activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his retirement from government service, he continued work in public service through <i>Kilosbayan</i> (People Action), a forum for raising political consciousness and citizens' participation in governance; the <a href="/wiki/Bantayog_ng_mga_Bayani" title="Bantayog ng mga Bayani"><i>Bantayog ng mga Bayani Foundation</i> (Heroes' Memorial)</a>, a private entity that honors the nation's martyrs and heroes for their sacrifices during martial law; and <i>Bantay Katarungan</i> (Sentinel of Justice), an organization that seeks to improve the administration of justice in the Philippines through the systematic monitoring of courts and quasi-judicial agencies by selected students from leading law schools. </p><p>On September 14, 2007, Salonga resigned as member of a minor fraternity in the University of the Philippines, Diliman. They are the so-called <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Rho" title="Sigma Rho">Sigma Rho</a> fraternity. Salonga resigned after their crime and implication in the hazing death of University of the Philippines, Diliman student, 20-year-old <a href="/wiki/Sigma_Rho#Death_of_Cris_Mendez" title="Sigma Rho">Cris Mendez</a>. Salonga joined Sigma Rho in the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salonga stated the reason for his resignation to be "because of recent events in which Sigma Rho has been involved." The NBI issued subpoenas to the Sigma Rho fraternity, but none of its members admitted responsibility for the brutal murder or shed light on the truth. Mendez suffered "bruises all over his body, particularly on the back of his arms and thighs."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 17, 2007, the "Grand Archon Emeritus" (leading alumnus of this Sigma Rho fraternity) attempted to save face by demanding an apology from Salonga over remarks against the fraternity. Their lawyer Tony Meer, a fellow member concocted a rouse to distract the public and stated: "I don't think its fair to us. I think he owes us an apology." The requested apology was never bestowed on them.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the media, historians, and experts, including columnist and Sigma Kappa Pi Alumni President <a href="/wiki/Jarius_Bondoc" title="Jarius Bondoc">Jarius Bondoc</a> praised Salonga for doing the right thing by rejecting this syndicate. </p><p>The Chair of Bantay Katarungan is former Secretary of Justice Sedfrey Ordoñez, who had been Salonga's law partner for over three decades. Salonga was a founder/adviser. Salonga remained active as a speaker, denouncing the moral and social ills in Philippine society. Since ending his political career in 1992, Salonga has been delivering lectures at such eminent universities such as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Santo_Tomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad de Santo Tomas">Universidad de Santo Tomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_University" title="De La Salle University">De La Salle University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_University" title="Far Eastern University">F.E.U.</a> He teaches regularly at the Lyceum of the Philippines where he holds the Jose P. Laurel Chair on Law, Government and Public Policy. He likewise launched the Dr. Jovito Salonga Center for Law and Development at the <a href="/wiki/Silliman_University_College_of_Law" title="Silliman University College of Law">Silliman University College of Law</a> to pioneer and develop what the law center calls as <i>Transformative Law</i> – "the study and application of law to transform society, shape policies through advocacy, legal education, research, training, and service learning".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salonga was president of the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ_in_the_Philippines" title="United Church of Christ in the Philippines">United Church of Christ in the Philippines</a> (UCCP) Constitutional Convention which took place September 1993 at Ellinwood-Malate Church in Manila. Always the nationalist, he persuaded the delegates to agree that the Filipino language text had equal weight to the English text. During the caucus, he was a calming influence and ran the assembly with a firm and fair hand.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Salonga wrote President <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> to warn her that the May 14, 2007, elections could turn out to be as "violent and fraudulent" as the Marcos-era polls. In an open letter to Secretary Eduardo Ermita, he stated that he saw Marcos in Arroyo, Ver in Esperon,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was rebuffed. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Arroyo rejected the concerns raised in Salonga's letter which mentioned that her decision to call out the military to help stop election violence and killings would make the May 14 polls similar to the violence- and fraud-tainted elections during the Marcos regime.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salonga branded the government's move to hand back an American citizen accused of rape, to the United States authorities as "a raw deal and a midnight transaction", whose victims were "Nicole" (the rape victim) and the country's justice system. Salonga claimed that a raw deal was done against "Nicole" and the judicial process by Judge Benjamin Pozon and the Court of Appeals under pressure from <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>'s government.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Senator <a href="/wiki/Joker_P._Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Joker P. Arroyo">Joker P. Arroyo</a> paid him the highest tribute when he said: "Some people make history, others write it. But there is a rare handful who, in writing-and in speaking-make history. These are the ones who illuminate the issues, and in so doing move men to answer them with noble actions ... In our country there was <a href="/wiki/Claro_M._Recto" title="Claro M. Recto">Claro M. Recto</a>. But if you consider the wealth of historical events surrounding a particular personality who shaped and even generated these events by his words, Jovito Salonga stands virtually alone." <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On August 15, 2007, Salonga's book <i>Not by Power or Wealth Alone</i> was published.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 24, 2007, Salonga's <i>Bantayog ng mga Bayani Foundation</i> launched a commemorative 200-page book, <i>Bantayog ng mga Bayani</i> (Monument of Heroes) at the Bantayog Memorial Center on Quezon Avenue corner <a href="/wiki/EDSA" title="EDSA">EDSA</a> to honor heroes, 160 Filipino student and community activists, priests, nuns, journalists, lawyers, Supreme Court justices and an Italian priest Tulio Favali, who was murdered in 1985 by a military-backed fanatic cult.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honors_and_recognition">Honors and recognition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Honors and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jovito_Salonga-_2010_Ka_Pepe_Diokno_Human_Rights_Award.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Jovito_Salonga-_2010_Ka_Pepe_Diokno_Human_Rights_Award.png/220px-Jovito_Salonga-_2010_Ka_Pepe_Diokno_Human_Rights_Award.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Jovito_Salonga-_2010_Ka_Pepe_Diokno_Human_Rights_Award.png/330px-Jovito_Salonga-_2010_Ka_Pepe_Diokno_Human_Rights_Award.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Jovito_Salonga-_2010_Ka_Pepe_Diokno_Human_Rights_Award.png/440px-Jovito_Salonga-_2010_Ka_Pepe_Diokno_Human_Rights_Award.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>Jovito Salonga receives the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Jose_Diokno" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Diokno">Ka Pepe Diokno</a> Human Rights Award.</figcaption></figure> <p>Salonga received the <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Award" title="Ramon Magsaysay Award">Ramon Magsaysay Award</a> for government service on August 31, 2007. He was honored for "the exemplary integrity and substance of his long public career in service to democracy and good government in the Philippines". Other awardees included Kim Sun Tae of <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahabir_Pun" title="Mahabir Pun">Mahabir Pun</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tang_Xiyang" title="Tang Xiyang">Tang Xiyang</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, Palagummi Sainath of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chen_Guangcheng" title="Chen Guangcheng">Chen Guangcheng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chung_To" title="Chung To">Chung To</a>, both of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 256 Asian people have won the award in various categories since its founding in 1957. Each awardee receives a certificate, a medallion and an undisclosed cash prize. Salonga was one of the 7 Asian awardees, from China, India, South Korea, Nepal and the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also received the prestigious <a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_University_College_of_Law#Ka_Pepe_Diokno_Human_Rights_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="De La Salle University College of Law">Ka Pepe Diokno Human Rights Award</a>, the premier national human rights award on February 26, 2010. Jovito Salonga was also conferred the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Rizal" title="Knights of Rizal">Order of the Knights of Rizal</a> with the highest rank, Knight Grand Cross of Rizal (KGCR). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His spouse was Lydia Busuego whom he married in 1948,<sup id="cite_ref-rappler_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rappler-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who died due to complications from diabetes on April 20, 2010, she was 88.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Salonga's children are Patricia, Victoria Regina, Ricardo, Esteban Fernando, and Eduardo.<sup id="cite_ref-rappler_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rappler-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_years_and_legacy">Final years and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Final years and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2016.jpg/200px-BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2016.jpg/300px-BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2016.jpg/400px-BantayogWall20181115Alternativity-2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Detail of the Wall of Remembrance at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani, showing names from the 2016 batch of Bantayog honorees, including that of Jovito Salonga.</figcaption></figure> <p>Salonga died on March 10, 2016, due to cardiac arrest at the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Heart_Center" title="Philippine Heart Center">Philippine Heart Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salonga has been called by his nephew <a href="/wiki/Rene_Saguisag" title="Rene Saguisag">Rene Saguisag</a> (Saguisag used to call him Uncle Jovy though Salonga is actually the second cousin once removed of Saguisag, as his paternal grandmother Talia Saguisag is the first cousin of Salonga's mother <i>Dinang</i> Reyes) as the finest statesman or the best president we never had, while <a href="/wiki/Joker_Arroyo" title="Joker Arroyo">Joker Arroyo</a> called him the most important historical figure who influenced the nation by his words alone. Bantayog ng mga Bayani renamed its main building in its compound as the Sen. Jovito R. Salonga Building. It houses the museum, amphitheater, and the office.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Silliman University's law school houses the Dr. Jovito R. Salonga Center for Law and Development. </p><p>Subic Naval Base has the Inang Laya Monument which shows plaques that feature handprints of the twelve senators who voted to end the military bases agreement, with Salonga's famous speech that broke the tie included in the plaque.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Vico_Sotto" title="Vico Sotto">Vico Sotto</a> of Pasig, who called Salonga his biggest hero, named the Pasig Elementary School building the Jovito R. Salonga Building.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Original Term until December 30, 1977; cut short pursuant to the Declaration of Martial Law on September 23, 1972.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rappler-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rappler_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rappler_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rappler_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBueza2016" class="citation news cs1">Bueza, Michael (March 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/nation/125357-jovito-salonga-dies">"Ex-Senate president Jovito Salonga dies"</a>. Rappler<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ex-Senate+president+Jovito+Salonga+dies&rft.date=2016-03-10&rft.aulast=Bueza&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2F125357-jovito-salonga-dies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view_article.php?article_id=84396">"Out of shadow of death, emerged the nationalist"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090608190743/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view_article.php?article_id=84396">Archived</a> 2009-06-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanganiban2018" class="citation web cs1">Panganiban, Artemio V. (April 29, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opinion.inquirer.net/112794/diokno-salonga-teehankee">"Diokno, Salonga and Teehankee"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diokno%2C+Salonga+and+Teehankee&rft.date=2018-04-29&rft.aulast=Panganiban&rft.aufirst=Artemio+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopinion.inquirer.net%2F112794%2Fdiokno-salonga-teehankee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evoking_the_experiences_of_Martial_Law_–_in_remembrance_of_its_declaration_-_Centralian_Link-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Evoking_the_experiences_of_Martial_Law_–_in_remembrance_of_its_declaration_-_Centralian_Link_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cpu.edu.ph/news/evoking-the-experiences-of-martial-law-in-remembrance-of-its-declaration/">Evoking the experiences of Martial Law – in remembrance of its declaration – Centralian Link</a>. Retrieved 09-25-2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">decision 1A.335/2005 (18.08.2006) in <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.bger.ch/it/index/juridiction/jurisdiction-inherit-template/jurisdiction-recht/jurisdiction-recht-urteile2000.htm">http://www.bger.ch/it/index/juridiction/jurisdiction-inherit-template/jurisdiction-recht/jurisdiction-recht-urteile2000.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrejas2015" class="citation web cs1">Orejas, Torette (March 10, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/677786/clark-museum-honors-magnificent-12">"Clark museum honors 'Magnificent 12'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clark+museum+honors+%27Magnificent+12%27&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.aulast=Orejas&rft.aufirst=Torette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F677786%2Fclark-museum-honors-magnificent-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/senpres/gonzales.asp">Biography of Senate President Gonzales – Senate of the Philippines</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304153815/http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/senpres/gonzales.asp">Archived</a> 2014-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7008522657">"Ex-Senate President Salonga Resigns From Fraternity After Hazing Death"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017121106/http://allheadlinenews.com/articles/7008522657">Archived</a> 2007-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view_article.php?article_id=88721">Inquirer.net, Salonga resigns from Sigma Rho</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080926163309/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view_article.php?article_id=88721">Archived</a> 2008-09-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=92853">"Sigma Rho alumni chief wants Salonga apology"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salongacenter.org/about.php">"Salonga Center: About Us"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090416233003/http://www.salongacenter.org/about.php">Archived</a> 2009-04-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Salonga Center. Retrieved 2010-04-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view_article.php?article_id=63595">"Salonga sees Marcos in Arroyo, Ver in Esperon" – Inquirer.net, Philippine News for Filipinos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714072939/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view_article.php?article_id=63595">Archived</a> 2007-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view_article.php?article_id=63827">"Palace rebuffs Salonga"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714073427/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view_article.php?article_id=63827">Archived</a> 2007-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://services.inquirer.net/print/print.php?article_id=40911">Nicole: "A stab in the back by Arroyo"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080219232903/http://services.inquirer.net/print/print.php?article_id=40911">Archived</a> 2008-02-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanews.tv/video/10410/Saksi-Former-senator-Jovito-Salonga-launches-new-book">"| Videos"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%26%23124%3B+Videos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanews.tv%2Fvideo%2F10410%2FSaksi-Former-senator-Jovito-Salonga-launches-new-book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view_article.php?article_id=84344">"Bantayog to launch book on Martial Law heroes"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080219231455/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view_article.php?article_id=84344">Archived</a> 2008-02-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109001854/http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/aug/01/yehey/top_stories/20070801top4.html">"Former Sen. Jovito Salonga leads Magsaysay Awardees"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Manila_Times" title="The Manila Times">The Manila Times</a>. August 1, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/aug/01/yehey/top_stories/20070801top4.html">the original</a> on January 9, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Former+Sen.+Jovito+Salonga+leads+Magsaysay+Awardees&rft.date=2007-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manilatimes.net%2Fnational%2F2007%2Faug%2F01%2Fyehey%2Ftop_stories%2F20070801top4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/08/02/news/phils.php">"Ramon Magsaysay Award recipients announced"</a>. International Herald Tribune. August 2, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ramon+Magsaysay+Award+recipients+announced&rft.pub=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.date=2007-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2F2007%2F08%2F02%2Fnews%2Fphils.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzarcon–dela_Cruz2000" class="citation news cs1">Azarcon–dela Cruz, Pennie (December 24, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoc1AAAAIBAJ&dq=asiong+salonga&pg=PA75&article_id=2404,5247727">"The Man Who Could Have Been President"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Sunday Inquirer Magazine</a></i>. pp. 3–5, 15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sunday+Inquirer+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Man+Who+Could+Have+Been+President&rft.pages=3-5%2C+15&rft.date=2000-12-24&rft.aulast=Azarcon%E2%80%93dela+Cruz&rft.aufirst=Pennie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyoc1AAAAIBAJ%26dq%3Dasiong%2Bsalonga%26pg%3DPA75%26article_id%3D2404%2C5247727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311110157/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/03/10/jovito-salonga-dies.html">"Former Senate President Jovito Salonga dies at 95"</a>. CNN Philippines. March 10, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/03/10/jovito-salonga-dies.html">the original</a> on March 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Former+Senate+President+Jovito+Salonga+dies+at+95&rft.date=2016-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnnphilippines.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2F03%2F10%2Fjovito-salonga-dies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bantayog.org/salonga-jovito-r/">"SALONGA, Jovito R."</a> November 29, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SALONGA%2C+Jovito+R.&rft.date=2016-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bantayog.org%2Fsalonga-jovito-r%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g424959-d7362866-Reviews-Inang_Laya_Monument-Subic_Zambales_Province_Central_Luzon_Region_Luzon.html">"Inang Laya (Monument) Evertything You Need to Know Before You Go"</a>. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inang+Laya+%28Monument%29+Evertything+You+Need+to+Know+Before+You+Go&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripadvisor.com%2FAttraction_Review-g424959-d7362866-Reviews-Inang_Laya_Monument-Subic_Zambales_Province_Central_Luzon_Region_Luzon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuzman2022" class="citation web cs1">Guzman, Jimmyley (June 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pia.gov.ph/news/2022/06/24/new-pasig-govt-buildings-to-take-names-of-prominent-locals">"New Pasig govt buildings to take names of prominent locals"</a>. <i>Philippine Information Agency</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Information+Agency&rft.atitle=New+Pasig+govt+buildings+to+take+names+of+prominent+locals&rft.date=2022-06-24&rft.aulast=Guzman&rft.aufirst=Jimmyley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpia.gov.ph%2Fnews%2F2022%2F06%2F24%2Fnew-pasig-govt-buildings-to-take-names-of-prominent-locals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDohertyJovito_R._Salonga1982" class="citation book cs1">Doherty, John F.; Jovito R. Salonga (1982). <i>Cronies and Enemies: The Current Philippine Scene</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawaii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cronies+and+Enemies%3A+The+Current+Philippine+Scene&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Doherty&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rft.au=Jovito+R.+Salonga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalonga2000" class="citation book cs1">Salonga, Jovito R. (2000). <i>Presidential Plunder: The Quest for the Marcos Ill-gotten Wealth</i>. Manila: Regina. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-8567-28-3" title="Special:BookSources/971-8567-28-3"><bdi>971-8567-28-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presidential+Plunder%3A+The+Quest+for+the+Marcos+Ill-gotten+Wealth&rft.place=Manila&rft.pub=Regina&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=971-8567-28-3&rft.aulast=Salonga&rft.aufirst=Jovito+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalonga2001" class="citation book cs1">Salonga, Jovito R. (2001). <i>A Journey of Struggle and Hope: The Memoir of Jovito R. Salonga</i>. Manila: Regina. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-8567-31-3" title="Special:BookSources/971-8567-31-3"><bdi>971-8567-31-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Journey+of+Struggle+and+Hope%3A+The+Memoir+of+Jovito+R.+Salonga&rft.place=Manila&rft.pub=Regina&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=971-8567-31-3&rft.aulast=Salonga&rft.aufirst=Jovito+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalonga2003" class="citation book cs1">Salonga, Jovito R. (2003). <i>The Intangibles that Make a Nation Great: Selected Speeches, Lectures, and Writings</i>. Manila: Regina. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-92791-1-7" title="Special:BookSources/971-92791-1-7"><bdi>971-92791-1-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Intangibles+that+Make+a+Nation+Great%3A+Selected+Speeches%2C+Lectures%2C+and+Writings&rft.place=Manila&rft.pub=Regina&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=971-92791-1-7&rft.aulast=Salonga&rft.aufirst=Jovito+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalonga2005" class="citation book cs1">Salonga, Jovito R. (2005). <i>The Task of Building a Better Nation</i>. Manila: Regina. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/971-92791-3-3" title="Special:BookSources/971-92791-3-3"><bdi>971-92791-3-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Task+of+Building+a+Better+Nation&rft.place=Manila&rft.pub=Regina&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=971-92791-3-3&rft.aulast=Salonga&rft.aufirst=Jovito+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalonga2007" class="citation book cs1">Salonga, Jovito R. (2007). <i>Not By Power or Wealth Alone</i>. Manila: Regina.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Not+By+Power+or+Wealth+Alone&rft.place=Manila&rft.pub=Regina&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Salonga&rft.aufirst=Jovito+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJovito+Salonga" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovito_Salonga&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jovito_Salonga" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jovito Salonga">Jovito Salonga</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041211035338/http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/former_senators/jovito_salonga.htm">Jovito Salonga biodata</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161103044130/http://www.txtmania.com/articles/jovy.php">Jovito Salonga bio</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.inq7.net/columns/view_columns.php?yyyy=2005&mon+06&dd=20&file=8">Jovito Salonga speaks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberalparty.ph/news/News-LP2006/lp_60artkl_dequiros.html">"Jovito Salonga: a Liberal for All Seasons"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070607144129/http://www.planetphilippines.com/archives/sept16-30/current/features_current/feature2.html">"Jovito R. Salonga: The Tangible Who Makes a Nation Great"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090901084933/http://www.salongacenter.org/"><b>Dr. Jovito R. Salonga Center for Law and Development</b></a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives of the Philippines</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Francisco Sumulong</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">Representative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rizal%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Rizal's 2nd congressional district">2nd District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rizal_(province)" title="Rizal (province)">Rizal</a> </b><br />1961–1965 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Frisco San Juan</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Roxas" title="Gerardo Roxas">Gerardo Roxas</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal Party</a> </b><br />1982–1993 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wigberto_Ta%C3%B1ada" title="Wigberto Tañada">Wigberto Tañada</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Supported <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas_ng_Bayan" title="Lakas ng Bayan">LABAN</a>)</div><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a_Jr." title="Sergio Osmeña Jr.">Sergio Osmeña Jr.</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal Party</a> nominee for President of the Philippines </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1992 Philippine presidential election">1992</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Lim" title="Alfredo Lim">Alfredo Lim</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Commission_on_Good_Government" title="Presidential Commission on Good Government">Chairman of the Presidential Commission on Good Government</a> </b><br />1986–1987 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Ramon Diaz</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Unicameral <a href="/wiki/Batasang_Pambansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Batasang Pambansa">Batasang Pambansa</a></div><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Gil_Puyat" title="Gil Puyat">Gil Puyat</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">President of the Senate of the Philippines</a> </b><br />1987–1992 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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id="RBP_←_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Philippines&#124;link=Philippines_Senators_of_the_8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines_(1987–92)_→_9th" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-right:.375rem;"><a href="/wiki/Regular_Batasang_Pambansa" title="Regular Batasang Pambansa">RBP</a> ←</span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/8th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="8th Congress of the Philippines">8th Congress of the Philippines (1987–92)</a> <span style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal; margin-left:.375rem;">→ <a href="/wiki/9th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="9th Congress of the Philippines">9th</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">Senate President</a></b><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jovito Salonga</a> (1987–92)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a> (1992–93)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4" style="font-weight:bold;">Senators (1987–92)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heherson_Alvarez" title="Heherson Alvarez">Heherson Alvarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Angara" title="Edgardo Angara">Edgardo Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agapito_Aquino" class="mw-redirect" title="Agapito Aquino">Agapito Aquino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Neptali Gonzales</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona_Jr." title="Teofisto Guingona Jr.">Teofisto Guingona Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Boy_Herrera" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernesto Boy Herrera">Ernesto F. Herrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotero_Laurel" title="Sotero Laurel">Sotero Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Lina" title="Joey Lina">Jose Lina Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Maceda" title="Ernesto Maceda">Ernesto Maceda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raul_Manglapus" title="Raul Manglapus">Raul Manglapus</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_S._Mercado" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando S. Mercado">Orlando S. Mercado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Paterno" title="Vicente Paterno">Vicente Paterno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Osme%C3%B1a" title="John Henry Osmeña">John Henry Osmeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Rasul" class="mw-redirect" title="Nina Rasul">Santanina Rasul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Romulo" title="Alberto Romulo">Alberto Romulo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rene_Saguisag" title="Rene Saguisag">Rene A.V. Saguisag</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jovito Salonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leticia_Ramos-Shahani" title="Leticia Ramos-Shahani">Leticia Ramos-Shahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamintal_A.J._Tamano" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamintal A.J. Tamano">Mamintal A.J. Tamano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigberto_Ta%C3%B1ada" title="Wigberto Tañada">Wigberto Tañada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ziga" title="Victor Ziga">Victor Ziga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4" style="font-weight:bold;"><i>Term ended June 30, 1992</i></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>‡</sup> — Appointed <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a> on October 15, 1987.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_1992_Philippine_presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 1992 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 1992 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 1992 Philippine presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_1992_Philippine_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/1992_Philippine_presidential_election" title="1992 Philippine presidential election">1992 Philippine presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Reform_Party" title="People's Reform Party">PRP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Cojuangco_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.">Eduardo Cojuangco Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">NPC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Mitra_Jr." title="Ramon Mitra Jr.">Ramon Mitra Jr.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">LDP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda Marcos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">KBL</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jovito Salonga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Philippines)" title="Liberal Party (Philippines)">Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#EEEEEE; color::#888; text-align:center;">Vice presidential<br />candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People's Coalition">NPC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Fernan" title="Marcelo Fernan">Marcelo Fernan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laban_ng_Demokratikong_Pilipino" title="Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino">LDP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Mario_Osme%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilio Mario Osmeña">Emilio Mario Osmeña</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Jr." title="Ramon Magsaysay Jr.">Ramon Magsaysay Jr.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Reform_Party" title="People's Reform Party">PRP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquilino_Pimentel_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Aquilino Pimentel Jr.">Aquilino Pimentel Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDP%E2%80%93Laban" class="mw-redirect" title="PDP–Laban">PDP–Laban</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Magsaysay" title="Vicente Magsaysay">Vicente Magsaysay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilusang_Bagong_Lipunan" title="Kilusang Bagong Lipunan">KBL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Estrada-Kalaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Eva Estrada-Kalaw">Eva Estrada-Kalaw</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ramon_Magsaysay_Award_recipients" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ramon_Magsaysay_Award_Winners" title="Template:Ramon Magsaysay Award Winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ramon_Magsaysay_Award_Winners" title="Template talk:Ramon Magsaysay Award Winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ramon_Magsaysay_Award_Winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ramon Magsaysay Award Winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ramon_Magsaysay_Award_recipients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Award" title="Ramon Magsaysay Award">Ramon Magsaysay Award</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramon_Magsaysay_Award_winners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ramon Magsaysay Award winners">recipients</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Government_Service_(1958–2008)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government Service (1958–2008)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Cambodia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ek Sonn Chan</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Longping" title="Yuan Longping">Yuan Longping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Deshmukh" title="C. D. Deshmukh">C.D. Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._Lyngdoh" class="mw-redirect" title="J. M. Lyngdoh">J. M. Lyngdoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Raden Kodijat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sadikin" title="Ali Sadikin">Ali Sadikin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morihiko_Hiramatsu" title="Morihiko Hiramatsu">Morihiko Hiramatsu</a></li> <li>Hiroshi Kuroki</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukiharu_Miki" title="Yukiharu Miki">Yukiharu Miki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Laos"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Keo Viphakone</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Malaysia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Suffian_Mohamed_Hashim" title="Mohamed Suffian Mohamed Hashim">Mohamed Suffian Mohamed Hashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._C._Shekhar" title="B. C. Shekhar">B. C. Shekhar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Pakistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Hameed_Khan" title="Akhtar Hameed Khan">Akhtar Hameed Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abdur_Rehman" title="Ibn Abdur Rehman">Ibn Abdur Rehman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jose Vasquez Aguilar</li> <li>Francisca Reyes-Aquino</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilario_Davide_Jr." title="Hilario Davide Jr.">Hilario Davide Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Padaca" title="Grace Padaca">Grace Padaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Robredo" title="Jesse Robredo">Jesse Robredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovito_R._Salonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Jovito R. Salonga">Jovito R. Salonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Defensor_Santiago" title="Miriam Defensor Santiago">Miriam Defensor Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haydee_Yorac" title="Haydee Yorac">Haydee Yorac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Singapore"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goh_Keng_Swee" title="Goh Keng Swee">Goh Keng Swee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Panyarachun" title="Anand Panyarachun">Anand Panyarachun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamlong_Srimuang" title="Chamlong Srimuang">Chamlong Srimuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Ungphakorn" title="Jon Ungphakorn">Jon Ungphakorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phon_Sangsingkeo" title="Phon Sangsingkeo">Phon Sangsingkeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prawase_Wasi" title="Prawase Wasi">Prawase Wasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puey_Ungpakorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Puey Ungpakorn">Puey Ungpakorn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Taiwan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shih-chu Hsu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Kwoh-ting" title="Li Kwoh-ting">Li Kwoh-ting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Menglin" title="Jiang Menglin">Jiang Menglin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Public_Service_(1958–2008)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Public Service (1958–2008)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Burma"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tee_Tee_Luce" title="Tee Tee Luce">Tee Tee Luce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Ceylon"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mary H. Rutnam</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Yaojie" title="Gao Yaojie">Gao Yaojie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Yanyong" title="Jiang Yanyong">Jiang Yanyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Congjie" title="Liang Congjie">Liang Congjie</a></li> <li>Wu Qing</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banoo_Jehangir_Coyaji" title="Banoo Jehangir Coyaji">Banoo Jehangir Coyaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manibhai_Desai" title="Manibhai Desai">Manibhai Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Shanta" title="V. Shanta">V. Shanta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.B._Jassin" class="mw-redirect" title="H.B. Jassin">H.B. Jassin</a></li> <li>Teten Masduki</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Pakistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Pfau" title="Ruth Pfau">Ruth Pfau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Orata" title="Pedro Orata">Pedro Orata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_Bank" title="Card Bank">Center for Agriculture and Rural Development Mutually Reinforcing Institutions (CARD MRI)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="South Korea"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kim Sun-tae</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Won-soon" title="Park Won-soon">Park Won-soon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Spain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></span><br />based in <span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Joaquin Villalonga</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#afc3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fua_Hariphitak" class="mw-redirect" title="Fua Hariphitak">Fua Hariphitak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechai_Viravaidya" title="Mechai Viravaidya">Mechai Viravaidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilawan_Pintong" title="Nilawan Pintong">Nilawan Pintong</a></li> <li>Phra Parnchand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prateep_Ungsongtham_Hata" title="Prateep Ungsongtham Hata">Prateep Ungsongtham Hata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirindhorn" title="Sirindhorn">Sirindhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sithiporn_Kridakara" title="Sithiporn Kridakara">Sithiporn Kridakara</a></li> <li>Sophon Suphapong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therdchai_Jivacate" title="Therdchai Jivacate">Therdchai Jivacate</a></li> <li>Thongbai Thongpao</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Community_Leadership_(1958–2008)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Community Leadership (1958–2008)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Bangladesh"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tahrunessa_Abdullah" title="Tahrunessa Abdullah">Tahrunessa Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazle_Hasan_Abed" title="Fazle Hasan Abed">Fazle Hasan Abed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafrullah_Chowdhury" title="Zafrullah Chowdhury">Zafrullah Chowdhury</a></li> <li>Mohammed Yeasin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Gomes" title="Angela Gomes">Angela Gomes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Burma"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Maung" title="Cynthia Maung">Cynthia Maung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mandakini Amte & <a href="/wiki/Prakash_Amte" title="Prakash Amte">Prakash Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabelle_Arole" title="Mabelle Arole">Mabelle Arole</a> & <a href="/wiki/Rajanikant_Arole" title="Rajanikant Arole">Rajanikant Arole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Shastri_Athavale" title="Pandurang Shastri Athavale">Pandurang Shastri Athavale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandi_Prasad_Bhatt" title="Chandi Prasad Bhatt">Chandi Prasad Bhatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Bhatt" title="Ela Bhatt">Ela Bhatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruna_Roy" title="Aruna Roy">Aruna Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantha_Sinha" title="Shantha Sinha">Shantha Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Singh" title="Rajendra Singh">Rajendra Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fusaye_Ichikawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusaye Ichikawa">Fusaye Ichikawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Laos"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sombath_Somphone" title="Sombath Somphone">Sombath Somphone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Malaysia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Nepal"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahabir_Pun" title="Mahabir Pun">Mahabir Pun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gawad_Kalinga_Community_Development_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gawad Kalinga Community Development Foundation">Gawad Kalinga Community Development Foundation</a></li> <li>Antonio Meloto</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aree Valyasevi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasae_Chanawongse" title="Krasae Chanawongse">Krasae Chanawongse</a></li> <li>Prayong Ronnarong</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b3c7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Tibet"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Journalism,_Literature,_and_the_Creative_Communication_Arts_(1958–2008)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts (1958–2008)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Bangladesh"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matiur_Rahman_(journalist)" title="Matiur Rahman (journalist)">Matiur Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Abu_Sayeed" title="Abdullah Abu Sayeed">Abdullah Abu Sayeed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Burma"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Michael_Law-Yone" title="Edward Michael Law-Yone">Edward Michael Law-Yone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Ceylon"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ceylon_%281951%E2%80%931972%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></span><br />or <span data-sort-value="Sri Lanka"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wannakuwatta_Amaradeva" class="mw-redirect" title="Wannakuwatta Amaradeva">Wannakuwatta Amaradeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarzie_Vittachi" title="Tarzie Vittachi">Tarzie Vittachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahasweta_Devi" title="Mahasweta Devi">Mahasweta Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palagummi_Sainath" title="Palagummi Sainath">Palagummi Sainath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitabha_Chowdhury" title="Amitabha Chowdhury">Amitabha Chowdhury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Atmakusuma Astraatmadja</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochtar_Lubis" title="Mochtar Lubis">Mochtar Lubis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a></li> <li>Yasuji Hanamori</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michiko_Ishimure" title="Michiko Ishimure">Michiko Ishimure</a></li> <li>Akio Ishii</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Nepal"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Koirala" title="Bharat Koirala">Bharat Koirala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zacarias_Sarian" title="Zacarias Sarian">Zacarias Sarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Sionil_Jos%C3%A9" title="F. Sionil José">F. Sionil José</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Brocka" title="Lino Brocka">Lino Brocka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Veritas" title="Radio Veritas">Radio Veritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reuter" title="James Reuter">James Reuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bienvenido_Lumbera" title="Bienvenido Lumbera">Bienvenido Lumbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Joaquin" title="Nick Joaquin">Nick Joaquin</a></li> <li>Raul Locsin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenia_Duran_Apostol" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugenia Duran Apostol">Eugenia Duran Apostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Coronel" title="Sheila Coronel">Sheila Coronel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayoon_Chanyavongs" title="Prayoon Chanyavongs">Prayoon Chanyavongs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#b7cbff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Great Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Great Britain</a></span><br />based in <span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Robert McCulloch Dick</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Peace_and_International_Understanding_(1958–2008)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Peace and International Understanding (1958–2008)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tang_Xiyang" title="Tang Xiyang">Tang Xiyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jockin_Arputham" title="Jockin Arputham">Jockin Arputham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxminarayan_Ramdas" title="Laxminarayan Ramdas">Laxminarayan Ramdas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Syafi%27i_Maarif" title="Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif">Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikuo_Hirayama" title="Ikuo Hirayama">Ikuo Hirayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsu_Nakamura" title="Tetsu Nakamura">Tetsu Nakamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saburo_Okita" title="Saburo Okita">Saburo Okita</a></li> <li>Seiei Toyama</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Nepal"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanduk_Ruit" title="Sanduk Ruit">Sanduk Ruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Pakistan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abdur_Rehman" title="Ibn Abdur Rehman">Ibn Abdur Rehman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Operation Brotherhood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Institute_of_Linguistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Institute of Linguistics">Summer Institute of Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Masterson" title="William Masterson">William Masterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Ray_Watson" title="Harold Ray Watson">Harold Ray Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Rural_Reconstruction" title="International Institute of Rural Reconstruction">International Institute of Rural Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Foundation_of_Asia" title="Press Foundation of Asia">Press Foundation of Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Institute_of_Management" title="Asian Institute of Management">Asian Institute of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="South Korea"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomnyun" title="Pomnyun">Pomnyun</a> Sunim</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Institute_of_Technology" title="Asian Institute of Technology">Asian Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Project_(Thailand)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Project (Thailand)">The Royal Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bbcfff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span><br />based in <span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Caulfield" title="Genevieve Caulfield">Genevieve Caulfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Emergent_Leadership_(2001–)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Emergent Leadership (2001–)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Burma"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burma</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ka_Hsaw_Wa" title="Ka Hsaw Wa">Ka Hsaw Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Guangcheng" title="Chen Guangcheng">Chen Guangcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Cambodia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oung_Chanthol" title="Oung Chanthol">Oung Chanthol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjiv_Chaturvedi" title="Sanjiv Chaturvedi">Sanjiv Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwal" title="Arvind Kejriwal">Arvind Kejriwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nileema_Mishra" title="Nileema Mishra">Nileema Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandeep_Pandey" title="Sandeep Pandey">Sandeep Pandey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ambrosius Ruwindrijarto</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dita_Indah_Sari" title="Dita Indah Sari">Dita Indah Sari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Abadiano" title="Benjamin Abadiano">Benjamin Abadiano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="South Korea"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yoon Hye-ran</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Sri Lanka"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ananda Galappatti</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="East Timor"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniceto_Guterres_Lopes" title="Aniceto Guterres Lopes">Aniceto Guterres Lopes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#bfd3ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span><br />based in <span data-sort-value="Hong Kong"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chung_To" title="Chung To">Chung To</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Uncategorized_(2009–)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>Uncategorized</i> (2009–)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Bangladesh"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rizwana_Hasan" title="Rizwana Hasan">Syeda Rizwana Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.H.M._Noman_Khan" title="A.H.M. Noman Khan">A.H.M. Noman Khan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Cambodia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yang Saing Koma</li> <li>Koul Panha</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fu Qiping</li> <li>Huo Daishan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Jun_(environmentalist)" title="Ma Jun (environmentalist)">Ma Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Yue_(politician)" title="Pan Yue (politician)">Pan Yue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Xiaogang" title="Yu Xiaogang">Yu Xiaogang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kulandei Francis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish_Hande" title="Harish Hande">Harish Hande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Joshi" title="Deep Joshi">Deep Joshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Indonesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hasanain Juaini</li> <li>Tri Mumpuni</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Japan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tadatoshi_Akiba" title="Tadatoshi Akiba">Tadatoshi Akiba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Alternative Indigenous Development Foundation, Inc. (AIDFI)</li> <li>Christopher Bernido</li> <li>Ma. Victoria Carpio-Bernido</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulo_Davide" title="Romulo Davide">Romulo Davide</a></li> <li>Antonio Oposa Jr.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Taiwan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shu-chu" title="Chen Shu-chu">Chen Shu-chu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;background:#c3d7ff; color:#001086; text-align:left;"><span data-sort-value="Thailand"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krisana_Kraisintu" title="Krisana Kraisintu">Krisana Kraisintu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines_from_Rizal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rizal_House_Representatives" title="Template:Rizal House Representatives"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rizal_House_Representatives" title="Template talk:Rizal House Representatives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rizal_House_Representatives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rizal House Representatives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines_from_Rizal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Rizal</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rizal%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Rizal's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lukban</li> <li>Luna</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Cruz_Herrera" title="Arsenio Cruz Herrera">Herrera</a></li> <li>A. Santos</li> <li>Ignacio</li> <li>Pascual</li> <li>Bautista</li> <li>Bernabe</li> <li>Magsalin</li> <li>Sevilla</li> <li>Diaz</li> <li>E. Rodriguez Jr.</li> <li>Padilla</li> <li>Antonio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Ilarde" title="Eddie Ilarde">Ilarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptali_Gonzales" title="Neptali Gonzales">Gonzales</a></li> <li>Sumulong Sr.</li> <li>Sanchez</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Duavit_Sr." title="Gilberto Duavit Sr.">Duavit Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Duavit" title="Jack Duavit">M.J. Duavit</a></li> <li>J. Duavit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Duavit" title="Jack Duavit">M.J. Duavit</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Philippine_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="490" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rizal%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Rizal's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Revilla</li> <li>Tupaz</li> <li>Angles</li> <li>Jabson</li> <li>E. Santos</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Melendres" title="Mariano Melendres">Melendres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulogio_Rodriguez" title="Eulogio Rodriguez">E. Rodriguez Sr.</a></li> <li>Santiago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulogio_Rodriguez" title="Eulogio Rodriguez">E. Rodriguez Sr.</a></li> <li>de la Paz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Sumulong" title="Lorenzo Sumulong">L. Sumulong</a></li> <li>de la Paz</li> <li>I. Salonga</li> <li>Salvador</li> <li>Sumulong Sr.</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Salonga</a></li> <li>San Juan</li> <li>Tanjuatco Jr.</li> <li>I. Rodriguez Jr.</li> <li>Rodriguez-Zaldarriaga</li> <li>I. Rodriguez Jr.</li> <li>Nograles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Tanjuatco" title="Dino Tanjuatco">Tanjuatco III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rizal%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Rizal's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Garcia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rizal%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Rizal's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nograles</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Rizal#At-large_(defunct)" title="Legislative districts of Rizal">At-large<br />(defunct)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1943–1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Molina</li> <li>Roxas</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984–1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sumulong Sr.</li> <li>Tanjuatco Jr.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Other districts within Rizal: (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Antipolo_House_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Antipolo House Representatives (page does not exist)">Antipolo</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471876#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471876#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471876#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000008455561X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/92517973">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/195428/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdMhkhym7XcpWRwvJyWXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1121825362">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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