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high-skilled talent</h1> <div class="tabs"></div> <div class="node"> <div class="submitted">Submitted by <a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/users/sonia" title="View user profile.">Sonia</a> on Thu, 01/29/2009 - 16:56. </div> <div class="content"><p>Since the 1960s, much of the literature on the development impact of migration has focused on ‘brain drain,’ the emigration of qualified professionals from developing countries and the subsequent loss of skills (which occurs faster than the replacement rate).</p> <p>In the late 1990s, the literature shifted from brain drain to ‘brain gain,’ exploring the potential benefits of skilled migration arising from remittances, return migration, creation of trade and business networks, and the possible incentive effects of migration prospects on human capital formation at home.  You can see an extensive review of these issues <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053721/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPOVERTY/EXTMIGDEV/0,,contentMDK:21028240~menuPK:2865711~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:2838223,00.html ">here</a>.</p> <p>The questions related to the global mobility of high skilled workers can be grouped into two areas:</p> <ol> <li>Brain drain/gain, and the challenge of retaining and attracting high-skilled professionals such as doctors, scientists, and engineers; and</li> <li>The contribution of the diaspora in fostering the transfer of knowledge, technology, and finance, including remittances. ( link to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053721/http://www1.worldbank.org/prem/PREMNotes/premnote123.pdf" title="http://www1.worldbank.org/prem/PREMNotes/premnote123.pdf">http://www1.worldbank.org/prem/PREMNotes/premnote123.pdf</a>)</li> </ol> <p>A <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053721/http://www.census.gov/prod/2009pubs/p20-560.pdf">new report</a> from the U.S. Census Bureau on Educational Attainment states that “a larger percentage of foreign-born than native-born residents had a master’s degree or higher in 2007.”  Their numbers lead me to ask:</p> <ul> <li>What are the challenges for the U.S. in developing, finding, and retaining talent?</li> <li>Will foreign students continue to choose the U.S.  as a place to study or will they prefer other countries?</li> </ul> <div class="service-links"><div class="service-label">Bookmark/Search this post with: </div><ul class="links"><li class="first service_links_delicious"><a 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class="readmore-fill"></span> </div> <div id="linx"> <div id="linksbox"> <div class="links"><ul class="links inline"><li class="first blog_usernames_blog"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/blogs/sonia" title="Read Sonia's latest blog entries." class="blog_usernames_blog">Sonia's blog</a></li> <li class="comment_add"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/comment/reply/124#comment-form" title="Share your thoughts and opinions related to this posting." class="comment_add">Add new comment</a></li> <li class="last print"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/print/124" title="Display a printer-friendly version of this page." class="print-page print" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Printer-friendly version</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="taxonomy"><ul class="links inline"><li class="first taxonomy_term_118"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/migration" rel="tag" title="" class="taxonomy_term_118">Migration</a></li> <li class="taxonomy_term_120"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/diaspora-matters" rel="tag" title="" class="taxonomy_term_120">Diaspora Matters</a></li> <li class="last taxonomy_term_128"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/knowledge" rel="tag" title="" class="taxonomy_term_128">Knowledge and Skills</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div id="comments"><a id="comment-77"></a> <div class="comment "><div class="comment-inner"> <h3 class="title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/brain-drain-and-global-mobility#comment-77" class="active">Brain Bank or Brain Train?</a></h3> <div class="submitted"> Submitted by <a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/users/sonia" title="View user profile.">Sonia</a> on Sat, 01/31/2009 - 15:19. </div> <div class="content"> <p>Commenting on a post on the World Bank PSD blog regarding my recent post on the World Bank People Move blog, Ryan Han discussed the issued of “brain-train”.</p> <p>In the PSD post, it was mentioned that “the original goal of helping students from developing countries study in another country to complete a degree and return home is fading out”. I completely agree with it. At last year’s Global forum on Science and Technology organized for the World Bank, I discussed the issue on the role of the diaspora and how to tap into the networks of scientists and professionals from developing countries and how to facilitate virtual return, short visits, electronic communication to promote knowledge transfer and technology transfer. (See: session on “Building R&D Capacities in Developing Countries <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053721/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSTIGLOFOR/0,,contentMDK:21183813~menuPK:3360737~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:3156699,00.html" title="http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSTIGLOFOR/0,,contentMDK:21183813~menuPK:3360737~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:3156699,00.html">http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSTIGLOFOR/0,,contentM...</a></p> <p>The issue of mobility of talent has to be analyzed at three levels: (i) mobility of students; (ii) mobility of professors; and (iii) mobility of universities and programs. Each of these issues present several challenges for developing countries:<br/>  Mutual recognition of degrees and accreditation of universities do not exist for the majority of the developing countries institutions’ unless there are bilateral agreements between universities;<br/>  Students from developing countries find very hard to find a job in a developed country if they do not have a degree from a recognized university;<br/>  Visa issues for high skilled professionals from developing countries are becoming more stringent in terms of requirements (See a recent post on: The European Pact on Immigration and Asylum: Will there be more competition for skilled workers? <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053721/https://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/the-european-pact-on-immigration-and-asylum" title="https://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/the-european-pact-on-immigration-and-asylum">https://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/the-european-pact-on-immigra...</a></p> <p>My question to the international education experts is how the Bologna process taking place in Europe will affect the recognition of higher education systems around the world? Will these facilitate the mobility of talent or will it restrict the mobility of students and workers with higher education degrees from developing countries?</p> </div> <div class="links"> <ul class="links"><li class="first last comment_reply"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/comment/reply/124/77" class="comment_reply">reply</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></div>  <a id="comment-76"></a> <div class="comment "><div class="comment-inner"> <h3 class="title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/brain-drain-and-global-mobility#comment-76" class="active">I never quite liked the</a></h3> <div class="submitted"> Submitted by <a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/users/dilip" title="View user profile.">Dilip</a> on Fri, 01/30/2009 - 17:45. </div> <div class="content"> <p>I never quite liked the phrase "brain drain". Attaching the word "drain" to any thing makes one anxious to stanch it. That's why I think the so-called ethical recrutiment policies adopted by many destination countries seem superficial, or even, unethical! Why do we want to stop hiring doctors and not others? Is it because doctors are more important than plumbers or farmers? Or economists (Beware;)! Is it because stopping the emigration of doctors would improve the provision of health care to the poor and sick? Or is it because the cost of training a doctor may be higher than the remittances a migrant doctor might send during his/her lifetime? I have been apalled by the lack of clarity in defining "brain drain" and the associated set of ad-hoc policy prescriptions. So I am glad that these days people are talking more about brain gain, brain circulation, or "issues related to skilled migration", than "brain drain". And now comes the term "brain train" from this <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053721/http://psdblog.worldbank.org/psdblog/2009/01/brain-train.html">PSD Blog post</a>). An interesting, and definitely a more appropriate phrase!</p> </div> <div class="links"> <ul class="links"><li class="first last comment_reply"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/comment/reply/124/76" class="comment_reply">reply</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></div>  </div> </div> </td> <td id="sidebar-right"> <div class="block block-block" id="block-block-5"> <h2 class="title">Welcome</h2> <div class="content"><p><font color="#808080"><font color="#808080"><img class="" height="89" alt="" hspace="5" width="65" align="left" src="/web/20090201053721im_/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/files/image/dr-small(1).jpg"/>This blog is hosted by</font> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/users/dilip"><strong><font color="#006699">Dilip Ratha</font></strong></a></font><font color="#808080">, lead economist at the World Bank. Its goal is to leverage migration and remittances for development.  <br/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/about"><strong>Learn more ...</strong></a></font></p> </div> </div> <div class="block block-block" id="block-block-8"> <h2 class="title">Migration At A Glance</h2> <div class="content"><p align="left">A focal point on migration issues at the World Bank.  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053721/http://www.worldbank.org/migration"><strong><font color="#993300">Learn more ...</font></strong></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="block block-block" id="block-block-7"> <h2 class="title">Related Links</h2> <div class="content"><ul> <li><font color="#993300"><strong>Website: </strong></font><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053721/http://www.worldbank.org/prospects/migrationandremittances">Migration and Remittances</a> @ The World Bank</li> <li><font color="#993300"><strong>News: </strong></font><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053721/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:21996712~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html">Remittances May Buoy Developing Countries Caught in Financial Crisis</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="block block-block" id="block-block-11"> <h2 class="title">Multimedia</h2> <div class="content"><ul> <li><strong><font color="#993300">Podcast (mp3):</font></strong> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053721/http://digitalmedia.worldbank.org/podcast/audio/RemittancesPart2.mp3">Remittances Part 2</a></li> <li><font color="#993300"><strong>Podcast (mp3):</strong></font> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090201053721/http://digitalmedia.worldbank.org/podcast/audio/RemittancesPart1.mp3">Remittances Part 1</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="block block-block" id="block-block-2"> <h2 class="title">Topics</h2> <div class="content"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/peoples-journeys">People's Journeys</a> (3)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/migration">Migration</a> (31)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/remittance">Remittance</a> (30)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/diaspora-matters">Diaspora Matters</a> (6)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/demographics">Demographics</a> (3)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/financial-access">Financial Access</a> (0)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/themes/capital-markets">Capital Markets</a> (2)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/investments">Investments</a> (4)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/knowledge">Knowledge and Skills</a> (2)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/themes/labor">Labor</a> (6)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/policy">Policy</a> (16)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/politics">Politics</a> (0)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/themes/poverty">Poverty</a> (5)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/spanish">Spanish</a> (5)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/technology">Technology</a> (4)</li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/category/topics/trade">Trade</a> (4)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="block block-views" id="block-views-Recent_Posts"> <h2 class="title">Recent Posts</h2> <div class="content"><div class="view view-Recent-Posts"><div class="view-content view-content-Recent-Posts"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><div class="view-item view-item-Recent-Posts"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/escaping-from-poor-geography">Helping people escape from poor geography or poor governance - from World Development Report 2009</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-Recent-Posts"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/brain-drain-and-global-mobility" class="active">"Brain drain" and the global mobility of high-skilled talent</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-Recent-Posts"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/newly-released-data-from-nine-countries">Newly released data from nine countries underscore the resilience of remittances</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-Recent-Posts"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/the-financial-crisis-and-immigration-policy-how-some-developed-countries-are-coping">The financial crisis and immigration policy: how some developed countries are coping</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-Recent-Posts"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/india-to-nepal-remittance-service-launched">India to Nepal remittance service launched</a></div></div> </li></ul></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-views" id="block-views-Recent_Spanish_Posts"> <h2 class="title">Recent Spanish Posts</h2> <div class="content"><div class="view view-Recent-Spanish-Posts"><div class="view-content view-content-Recent-Spanish-Posts"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><div class="view-item view-item-Recent-Spanish-Posts"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/espa%C3%B1a-aprueba-plan-de-retorno-de-inmigrantes-0">España aprueba plan de retorno de inmigrantes</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-Recent-Spanish-Posts"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/negociaciones-comerciales">Negociaciones Comerciales entre la UE y la CAN están afectadas debido a la “directiva de retorno"</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-Recent-Spanish-Posts"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/trabajadores">Trabajadores de construcción latinoamericanos arrestados en Estados Unidos por no contar con permiso de trabajo</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-Recent-Spanish-Posts"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/ICE-sp">¿Será que el nuevo programa de la Agencia de Inmigración y Aduanas de los Estados Unidos dejara a muchos en el aire?</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-Recent-Spanish-Posts"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/es-la-directiva">¿Es la Directiva de Retorno Aprobada por la Unión Europea favorable para Latinoamérica?</a></div></div> </li></ul></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-views" id="block-views-recent_comments_view"> <h2 class="title">Recent comments</h2> <div class="content"><div class="view view-recent-comments-view"><div class="view-content view-content-recent-comments-view"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><div class="view-item view-item-recent-comments-view"><div class="view-field view-data-comments-subject"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/brain-drain-and-global-mobility#comment-77" class="active">Brain Bank or Brain Train?</a></div><div class="view-field view-data-comments-name"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/users/sonia" title="View user profile.">Sonia</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-recent-comments-view"><div class="view-field view-data-comments-subject"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/brain-drain-and-global-mobility#comment-76" class="active">I never quite liked the</a></div><div class="view-field view-data-comments-name"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/users/dilip" title="View user profile.">Dilip</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-recent-comments-view"><div class="view-field view-data-comments-subject"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/india-to-nepal-remittance-service-launched#comment-75">Will this really help Napali migrants?</a></div><div class="view-field view-data-comments-name">Bharath (not verified)</div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-recent-comments-view"><div class="view-field view-data-comments-subject"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/as-the-economic-crisis-deepens#comment-74">Thanks for your insightful</a></div><div class="view-field view-data-comments-name"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/users/dilip" title="View user profile.">Dilip</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-recent-comments-view"><div class="view-field view-data-comments-subject"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/as-the-economic-crisis-deepens#comment-73">quite a unique case of the philippines in studying migration and</a></div><div class="view-field view-data-comments-name">el joma (not verified)</div></div> </li></ul></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-views" id="block-views-Most_Popular_View"> <h2 class="title">Most popular</h2> <div class="content"><div class="view view-Most-Popular-View"><div class="view-content view-content-Most-Popular-View"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><div class="view-item view-item-Most-Popular-View"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/outlook-for-remittance-flows">Outlook for Remittance Flows 2008-2010: Growth expected to moderate significantly, but flows to remain resilient</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-Most-Popular-View"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/climate-change-and-the-migration-fallout">Climate change and the migration fallout</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-Most-Popular-View"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/the-european-pact-on-immigration-and-asylum">The European Pact on Immigration and Asylum: Will there be more competition for skilled workers?</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-Most-Popular-View"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/remittances-reduce-poverty">Remittances reduce poverty</a></div></div> </li><li><div class="view-item view-item-Most-Popular-View"><div class="view-field view-data-node-title"><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/content/espa%C3%B1a-aprueba-plan-de-retorno-de-inmigrantes-0">España aprueba plan de retorno de inmigrantes</a></div></div> </li></ul></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="block block-month" id="block-month-0"> <h2 class="title">Monthly Archives</h2> <div class="content"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/month/2009/01">January 2009 (7)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/month/2008/12">December 2008 (9)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/month/2008/11">November 2008 (3)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/month/2008/10">October 2008 (4)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/month/2008/09">September 2008 (12)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/month/2008/08">August 2008 (8)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20090201053721/http://peoplemove.worldbank.org/en/month/2008/07">July 2008 (5)</a></li><li><a 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