CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Mandaean calendar - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"9a446d50-c7e0-4d10-ac19-00bdfbbc3e33","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Mandaean_calendar","wgTitle":"Mandaean calendar","wgCurRevisionId":1252617209,"wgRevisionId":1252617209,"wgArticleId":68640133,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles containing Classical Mandaic-language text","Articles containing Arabic-language text","Mandaean calendar","Specific calendars","Calendar eras","Solar calendars","Liturgical calendar"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Mandaean_calendar","wgRelevantArticleId":68640133,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q110029524","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Mandaean calendar - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaean_calendar"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaean_calendar"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Mandaean_calendar rootpage-Mandaean_calendar skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mandaean+calendar" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mandaean+calendar" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mandaean+calendar" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mandaean+calendar" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Months" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Months"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Months</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Months-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Days_and_hours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Days_and_hours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Days and hours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Days_and_hours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seasons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seasons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Seasons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seasons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_chronology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_chronology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>World chronology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_chronology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epochs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epochs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Epochs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epochs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Example_calendar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example_calendar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Example calendar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example_calendar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calendar_makers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calendar_makers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Calendar makers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calendar_makers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mandaean calendar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q110029524#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_calendar" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Mandaean_calendar" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_calendar"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_calendar"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Mandaean_calendar" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Mandaean_calendar" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&oldid=1252617209" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Mandaean_calendar&id=1252617209&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMandaean_calendar"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMandaean_calendar"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mandaean_calendar&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q110029524" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Solar calendar used by the Mandaeans</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Mandaeism" title="Category:Mandaeism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Drabsha" title="Drabsha"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg/100px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg/150px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg/200px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Prophets</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Names for adherents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabians" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_(sect)#Nasoraean_Mandaeans" title="Nazarene (sect)">Nasoraeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mandaean_texts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mandaean texts">Scriptures</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Ginza Rabba</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Right_Ginza" title="Right Ginza">Right Ginza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Left_Ginza" title="Left Ginza">Left Ginza</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_Book_of_John" title="Mandaean Book of John">Mandaean Book of John</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qulasta" title="Qulasta">Qulasta</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Qulasta_prayers" title="List of Qulasta prayers">list</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haran_Gawaita" title="Haran Gawaita">Haran Gawaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wedding_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="The Wedding of the Great Shishlam">The Wedding of the Great Shishlam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baptism_of_Hibil_Ziwa" title="The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa">The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Abatur" class="mw-redirect" title="Diwan Abatur">Diwan Abatur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Thousand_and_Twelve_Questions" title="The Thousand and Twelve Questions">The Thousand and Twelve Questions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_Exalted_Kingship" title="Scroll of Exalted Kingship">Scroll of Exalted Kingship</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="The Coronation of the Great Shishlam">The Coronation of the Great Shishlam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Rba" title="Alma Rišaia Rba">Alma Rišaia Rba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Zu%E1%B9%ADa" title="Alma Rišaia Zuṭa">Alma Rišaia Zuṭa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zihrun_Raza_Kasia" title="Zihrun Raza Kasia">Zihrun Raza Kasia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Parwanaya" title="Scroll of the Parwanaya">Scroll of the Parwanaya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Zodiac" title="Book of the Zodiac">Book of the Zodiac</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dmut_Ku%C5%A1%E1%B9%ADa" title="Dmut Kušṭa">Dmut Kušṭa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Rivers" title="Scroll of the Rivers">Scroll of the Rivers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Ancestors" title="Secrets of the Ancestors">Secrets of the Ancestors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Ancestors" title="Scroll of the Ancestors">Scroll of the Ancestors</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_priest" title="Mandaean priest">Priests</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rishama" title="Rishama">Rishama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzibra" title="Ganzibra">Ganzibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmida" title="Tarmida">Tarmida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shganda" title="Shganda">Shganda</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Individual leaders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miriai" title="Miriai">Miriai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlama_beth_Qidra" title="Shlama beth Qidra">Shlama beth Qidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazai_of_Gawazta" title="Zazai of Gawazta">Zazai of Gawazta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anush_Bar_Danqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anush Bar Danqa">Anush Bar Danqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Bihram" title="Yahya Bihram">Yahya Bihram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakhil_Aidan" title="Dakhil Aidan">Dakhil Aidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabbar_Choheili" title="Jabbar Choheili">Jabbar Choheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattar_Jabbar_Hilow" title="Sattar Jabbar Hilow">Sattar Jabbar Hilow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najah_Choheili" title="Najah Choheili">Najah Choheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Choheili" title="Salah Choheili">Salah Choheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brikha_Nasoraia" title="Brikha Nasoraia">Brikha Nasoraia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Rituals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masbuta" title="Masbuta">Masbuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masiqta" title="Masiqta">Masiqta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamasha_(ablution)" title="Tamasha (ablution)">Tamasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishama_(ablution)" title="Rishama (ablution)">Rishama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushta" title="Kushta">Kushta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabin" title="Qabin">Qabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misha_(Mandaeism)" title="Misha (Mandaeism)">Misha</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ritual food and drink</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mambuha" title="Mambuha">Mambuha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halalta" title="Halalta">Halalta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamra_(Mandaeism)" title="Hamra (Mandaeism)">Hamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pihta" title="Pihta">Pihta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatira" title="Fatira">Fatira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidqa_brikha" title="Zidqa brikha">Zidqa brikha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofani" title="Lofani">Lofani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_(Mandaeism)" title="Sa (Mandaeism)">Sa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukrana" title="Dukrana">Dukrana</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Belief in Oneness of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakha" title="Brakha">Daily prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masbuta" title="Masbuta">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauma" title="Sauma">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidqa" title="Zidqa">Almsgiving</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Objects and symbols</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drabsha" title="Drabsha">Drabsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasta_(Mandaeism)" title="Rasta (Mandaeism)">Rasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burzinqa" title="Burzinqa">Burzinqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandama" title="Pandama">Pandama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klila" title="Klila">Klila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taga_(Mandaeism)" title="Taga (Mandaeism)">Taga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riha_(Mandaeism)" title="Riha (Mandaeism)">Riha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandola" title="Skandola">Skandola</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_cosmology" title="Mandaean cosmology">Cosmology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Light" title="World of Light">World of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_(Mandaeism)" title="Mana (Mandaeism)">Mana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_(Mandaeism)" title="Manda (Mandaeism)">Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Uthra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_d-Hayyi" title="Manda d-Hayyi">Manda d-Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushamin" title="Yushamin">Yushamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abatur" title="Abatur">Abatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahil" title="Ptahil">Ptahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibil" title="Hibil">Hibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitil" title="Shitil">Shitil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anush_(Mandaeism)" title="Anush (Mandaeism)">Anush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ziwa" title="Sam Ziwa">Sam Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihram" title="Bihram">Bihram Rabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adathan" class="mw-redirect" title="Adathan">Adathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadathan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadathan">Yadathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilmai" title="Shilmai">Shilmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidbai" title="Nidbai">Nidbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawar_Ziwa" title="Yawar Ziwa">Yawar Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simat_Hayyi" title="Simat Hayyi">Simat Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yufin-Yufafin" title="Yufin-Yufafin">Yufin-Yufafin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsab" title="Nsab">Nsab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbat" title="Nbat">Nbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubran" title="Gubran">Gubran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihlun" title="Shihlun">Shihlun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfeil" class="mw-redirect" title="Urfeil">Urfeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marfeil" class="mw-redirect" title="Marfeil">Marfeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saureil" title="Saureil">Saureil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zihrun" title="Zihrun">Zihrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etinsib_Ziwa" title="Etinsib Ziwa">Etinsib Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piriawis" title="Piriawis">Piriawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tarwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yura_(Mandaeism)" title="Yura (Mandaeism)">Yura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurba" title="Yurba">Yurba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukashar" title="Yukashar">Yukashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziwa_(Aramaic)#Mandaeism" title="Ziwa (Aramaic)">Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrat" title="Shahrat">Shahrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Malwasha">Malwasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishimta" title="Nishimta">Nishimta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinanukht" title="Dinanukht">Dinanukht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishlam" title="Shishlam">Shishlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezlat" title="Ezlat">Ezlat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shkinta" title="Shkinta">škina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmuta" title="Dmuta">Dmuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mshunia_Kushta" title="Mshunia Kushta">Mshunia Kushta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_kasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam kasia">Adam kasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_pagria" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam pagria">Adam pagria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatrin" title="Shatrin">Shatrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laufa" title="Laufa">Laufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitfun" title="Hitfun">Hitfun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibil" title="Tibil">Tibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Darkness_(Mandaeism)" title="World of Darkness (Mandaeism)">World of Darkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Suf" title="Sea of Suf">Sea of Suf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siniawis" title="Siniawis">Siniawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matarta" title="Matarta">Matarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruha" title="Ruha">Ruha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur_(Mandaeism)" title="Ur (Mandaeism)">Ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krun" title="Krun">Krun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaf_(Mandaeism)" title="Gaf (Mandaeism)">Gaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_(Mandaeism)" title="Qin (Mandaeism)">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahreil" title="Zahreil">Zahreil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anathan" title="Anathan">Anathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giu_(Mandaeism)" title="Giu (Mandaeism)">Giu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shdum" title="Shdum">Shdum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zartai-Zartanai" title="Zartai-Zartanai">Zartai-Zartanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hag_and_Mag" title="Hag and Mag">Hag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hag_and_Mag" title="Hag and Mag">Mag</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Festivals">Festivals</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Parwanaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_d-Shishlam_Rabba" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehwa d-Shishlam Rabba">Dehwa d-Shishlam Rabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Daimana" title="Dehwa Daimana">Dehwa Daimana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Hanina" title="Dehwa Hanina">Dehwa Hanina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Haris" title="Abu al-Haris">Abu al-Haris</a> (Ashoriya)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Festivals">Ead Fel</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Places</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yardna" title="Yardna">Yardena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Manda" class="mw-redirect" title="Beth Manda">Beth Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkinta" title="Shkinta">Shkinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andiruna" title="Andiruna">Andiruna</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Brakha" title="Brakha">Prayers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidra_d-Nishmata" title="Sidra d-Nishmata">Sidra d-Nishmata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asut_Malkia" title="Asut Malkia">Asut Malkia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushuma" title="Rushuma">Rushuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahma_(Mandaeism)" title="Rahma (Mandaeism)">Rahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabahatan" title="Tabahatan">Tabahatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumhata" title="Shumhata">Shumhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bshuma" title="Bshuma">Bshuma</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px lightblue solid; border-bottom:1px lightblue solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mandaeism" title="Template:Mandaeism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mandaeism" title="Template talk:Mandaeism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mandaeism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mandaeism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Mandaean calendar</b> is a 365-day <a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">solar calendar</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaean people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of twelve 30-day months, with five extra days at the end of <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0umbulta" class="mw-redirect" title="Šumbulta">Šumbulta</a> (the 8th month). The <a href="/wiki/Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Parwanaya</a> (or Panja) festival takes place during those five days.<sup id="cite_ref-Aldihisi_2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldihisi_2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no leap year therefore every four years all Mandaean dates (like beginnings of the months or festivals) move one day back with respect to the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Months">Months</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Months"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each month (<i>iahra</i> or <i>yahra</i><sup id="cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Häberl_2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 220">: 220 </span></sup>) is named after a constellation (<i>manzalta</i><sup id="cite_ref-Haberl_2017_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haberl_2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-Aldihisi_2008_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldihisi_2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mandaic names of the twelve constellations of the <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">Zodiac</a> are derived from common <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a> roots. As with the <a href="/wiki/Seven_planets" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven planets">seven planets</a>, the constellations, frequently known as the <i>trisar</i> (<a href="/wiki/Classical_Mandaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Mandaic language">Classical Mandaic</a>: <span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡕࡓࡉࡎࡀࡓ</span>, "The Twelve") or <i>trisar malwašia</i> ("Twelve Constellations") in <a href="/wiki/Mandaic_texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandaic texts">Mandaic texts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Nasoraia_2021_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasoraia_2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are generally not viewed favorably since they constitute part of the entourage of <a href="/wiki/Ruha" title="Ruha">Ruha</a>, the Queen of the <a href="/wiki/World_of_Darkness_(Mandaeism)" title="World of Darkness (Mandaeism)">World of Darkness</a>, who is also their mother.<sup id="cite_ref-Bhayro_2020_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhayro_2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ther is also another alternative set of names for the Mandaean months cognate with the month names found in the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar" title="Babylonian calendar">Babylonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a> calendars.<sup id="cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Häberl_2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Order of month </th> <th>Constellation </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Classical_Mandaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Mandaic language">Written Mandaic</a><br />name </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic script</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Modern_Mandaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Mandaic">Modern Mandaic</a><br />pronunciation<sup id="cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Häberl_2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Alternative name<br />of month </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(astrology)" title="Aquarius (astrology)">Aquarius</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daula_(month)" title="Daula (month)">Daula</a> </td> <td>ࡃࡀࡅࡋࡀ </td> <td>Dawlā </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0aba%E1%B9%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Šabaṭ">Šabaṭ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pisces_(astrology)" title="Pisces (astrology)">Pisces</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuna_(month)" title="Nuna (month)">Nuna</a> </td> <td>ࡍࡅࡍࡀ </td> <td>Nunā </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adar_(Mandaean_month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adar (Mandaean month)">Adar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aries_(astrology)" title="Aries (astrology)">Aries</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Embra_(month)" title="Embra (month)">ʿmbra</a> </td> <td>ࡏࡌࡁࡓࡀ </td> <td>Embərā </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nisan_(Mandaean_month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nisan (Mandaean month)">Nisan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(astrology)" title="Taurus (astrology)">Taurus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taura_(month)" title="Taura (month)">Taura</a> </td> <td>ࡕࡀࡅࡓࡀ </td> <td>Tawrā </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ayar_(Mandaean_month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayar (Mandaean month)">Ayar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(astrology)" title="Gemini (astrology)">Gemini</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silmia" title="Silmia">Ṣilmia</a> </td> <td>ࡑࡉࡋࡌࡉࡀ </td> <td>Ṣelmi </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siwan_(Mandaean_month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siwan (Mandaean month)">Siwan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cancer_(astrology)" title="Cancer (astrology)">Cancer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sartana_(month)" title="Sartana (month)">Sarṭana</a> </td> <td>ࡎࡀࡓࡈࡀࡍࡀ </td> <td>Ṣ/Sarṭānā </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamuz_(Mandaean_month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamuz (Mandaean month)">Tamuz</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tammuz_(Mandaean_month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tammuz (Mandaean month)">Tammuz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leo_(astrology)" title="Leo (astrology)">Leo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aria_(month)" title="Aria (month)">Aria</a> </td> <td>ࡀࡓࡉࡀ </td> <td>Aryā </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ab_(Mandaean_month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab (Mandaean month)">Ab</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virgo_(astrology)" title="Virgo (astrology)">Virgo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shumbulta" title="Shumbulta">Šumbulta</a> </td> <td>ࡔࡅࡌࡁࡅࡋࡕࡀ </td> <td>Šomboltā </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aylul" class="mw-redirect" title="Aylul">Aylul</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libra_(astrology)" title="Libra (astrology)">Libra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qaina" title="Qaina">Qaina</a> </td> <td>ࡒࡀࡉࡍࡀ </td> <td>Qaynā </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ti%C5%A1rin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tišrin">Tišrin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scorpio_(astrology)" title="Scorpio (astrology)">Scorpio</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arqba" title="Arqba">Arqba</a> </td> <td>ࡀࡓࡒࡁࡀ </td> <td>Arqəwā </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%A1rwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mašrwan">Mašrwan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_(astrology)" title="Sagittarius (astrology)">Sagittarius</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hitia" title="Hitia">Hiṭia</a> </td> <td>ࡄࡉࡈࡉࡀ </td> <td>Heṭyā </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Mandaean_month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanun (Mandaean month)">Kanun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)" title="Capricorn (astrology)">Capricorn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadia_(month)" title="Gadia (month)">Gadia</a> </td> <td>ࡂࡀࡃࡉࡀ </td> <td>Gadyā </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%ACabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Ṭabit">Ṭabit</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Each month consists of exactly 30 days.<sup id="cite_ref-Gelbert_2005_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelbert_2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Parwanaya</a> festival comes between the 8th month (<a href="/wiki/%C5%A0umbulta" class="mw-redirect" title="Šumbulta">Šumbulta</a>) and 9th month (<a href="/wiki/Qaina" title="Qaina">Qaina</a>) to make up for 5 extra days in the solar calendar. </p><p>Due to a lack of a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap year</a> included in the Mandaean calendar, dates change by one day every four years with respect to the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>. Currently, for example in 2022 CE, <a href="/wiki/Sartana_(month)" title="Sartana (month)">Sarṭana</a>, meaning <a href="/wiki/Cancer_(astrology)" title="Cancer (astrology)">Cancer</a>, corresponds to December / January in the Gregorian calendar, instead of June / July. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Days_and_hours">Days and hours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Days and hours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The hours of the day are counted starting at dawn (<i>ṣipra</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-Aldihisi_2008_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldihisi_2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 75">: 75 </span></sup> although Mandaeans formerly counted the hours of the day starting at sunset or evening (<i>paina</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Häberl_2021_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Häberl_2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Mandaic, a 24-hour day is known as a <i>yuma</i>, daytime as <i>ʿumama</i>, and nighttime as <i>lilia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Häberl_2021_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Häberl_2021-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An hour is called a <i>šaia</i>, 5 minutes is called a <i>šuša</i>, and a minute is called a <i>pigia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Häberl_2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 218–219">: 218–219 </span></sup> </p><p>Some days are considered to be auspicious, while others are ominous (<i>mbaṭṭal</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Aldihisi_2008_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldihisi_2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The days of the week are as follows. <i>Habšaba</i> (Sunday) is considered to be the first day of the week. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Day of<br />the week </th> <th>English </th> <th>Mandaic </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunday" title="Sunday">Sunday</a> </td> <td>Habšaba (<span title="Classical Mandaic-language text"><span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡄࡀࡁࡔࡀࡁࡀ</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monday" title="Monday">Monday</a> </td> <td>Trin Habšaba </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuesday" title="Tuesday">Tuesday</a> </td> <td>Tlata Habšaba </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wednesday" title="Wednesday">Wednesday</a> </td> <td>Arba Habšaba </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thursday" title="Thursday">Thursday</a> </td> <td>Hamša Habšaba </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Friday" title="Friday">Friday</a> </td> <td>Yuma ḏ-Rahatia </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturday" title="Saturday">Saturday</a> </td> <td>Yuma ḏ-Šafta (Shabta) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seasons">Seasons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Seasons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The four seasons are as follows, with the year starting with winter.<sup id="cite_ref-Aldihisi_2008_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldihisi_2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three months of each season, given below, are also referred to in Mandaic as the beginning, middle, or end of the season.<sup id="cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Häberl_2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>sitwa</i> (winter): <a href="/wiki/Daula_(month)" title="Daula (month)">Daula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuna_(month)" title="Nuna (month)">Nuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embra_(month)" title="Embra (month)">ʿmbra</a></li> <li><i>abhar</i> (spring): <a href="/wiki/Taura_(month)" title="Taura (month)">Taura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silmia" title="Silmia">Ṣilmia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sartana_(month)" title="Sartana (month)">Ṣarṭana</a></li> <li><i>giṭa</i> (summer): <a href="/wiki/Aria_(month)" title="Aria (month)">Aria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shumbulta" title="Shumbulta">Šumbulta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qaina" title="Qaina">Qaina</a></li> <li><i>paiz</i> (autumn): <a href="/wiki/Arqba" title="Arqba">Arqba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitia" title="Hitia">Hiṭia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gadia_(month)" title="Gadia (month)">Gadia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Years">Years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Mandaean year is called a <i>šidta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Häberl_2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 219">: 219 </span></sup> </p><p>The Mandaean calendar is calculated from the year that Adam was born,<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_2002_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley_2002-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or approximately 443,370 BCE. <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._H%C3%A4berl" title="Charles G. Häberl">Charles G. Häberl</a> calculates the date 18 July 2019 CE corresponds to 1 <i><a href="/wiki/Dowla" class="mw-redirect" title="Dowla">Dowla</a></i> 481,343 AA (AA = after the creation of Adam).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter half of 2024 would correspond to 481,348 AA. </p><p>All Mandaean years consist of exactly 365 days (12 regular months of 30 days each, plus the 5 intercalary days of the <a href="/wiki/Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Parwanaya</a>). Since Mandaean months do not have <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap years</a> accounted for every four years, seasons "slip back" and will not correspond to the same Gregorian months over time.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasoraia_2021_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasoraia_2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_chronology">World chronology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A chronology of the world according to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Ginza_Rabba/Right_Ginza/Book_18" class="extiw" title="s:Translation:Ginza Rabba/Right Ginza/Book 18">Book 18</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Right_Ginza" title="Right Ginza">Right Ginza</a></i> is as follows.<sup id="cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Häberl_2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 269–271">: 269–271 </span></sup> </p> <ul><li>216,001 AA – first cataclysm: destruction and pestilence</li> <li>372,001 AA – second cataclysm: flame and fire</li> <li>472,001 AA – third cataclysm: <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">flood</a></li> <li>478,001 AA – founding of Jerusalem</li> <li>478,401 AA – birth of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Jesus</a> (Ešu Mšiha)</li> <li>479,853 AA – rise of the Arab kings</li> <li>530,001 AA – green waters; final cataclysm; <a href="/wiki/Bil_(Mandaeism)" title="Bil (Mandaeism)">Bil</a> (Jupiter) assumes the throne of <a href="/wiki/Ptahil" title="Ptahil">Ptahil</a>.</li> <li>530,043 AA – the end of the worlds: <a href="/wiki/Ur_(Mandaeism)" title="Ur (Mandaeism)">Ur</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leviathan" title="Leviathan">Leviathan</a>) devours <a href="/wiki/Tibil" title="Tibil">Tibil</a> and the planets, while "splendor and light" (<i><a href="/wiki/Ziwa_(Aramaic)" title="Ziwa (Aramaic)">ziwa</a> u-nhura</i>) are created.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epochs">Epochs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Epochs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Ginza_Rabba/Right_Ginza/Book_18" class="extiw" title="s:Translation:Ginza Rabba/Right Ginza/Book 18">Book 18</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Right_Ginza" title="Right Ginza">Right Ginza</a></i>, there are four <a href="/wiki/Epoch" title="Epoch">epochs</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Era" title="Era">eras</a>; <a href="/wiki/Classical_Mandaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Mandaic language">Classical Mandaic</a>: <i lang="myz" dir="rtl">dara</i><sup id="cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Häberl_2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 215">: 215 </span></sup>) of the world, which is given a duration of 480,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-GR_Lidzbarski_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR_Lidzbarski-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GR_Gelbert_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR_Gelbert-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Epoch of <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Hawa</a>: 1st generation of humans (216,000 years; 30 generations according to <i>Right Ginza</i> Book 1)</li> <li>Epoch of <a href="/wiki/Ram_and_Rud" title="Ram and Rud">Ram and Rud</a>: 2nd generation of humans (156,000 years; 25 generations according to <i>Right Ginza</i> Book 1)</li> <li>Epoch of <a href="/wiki/Shurbai_and_Sharhabeil" title="Shurbai and Sharhabeil">Šurbai and Šarhabʿil</a>: 3rd generation of humans (100,000 years; 15 generations according to <i>Right Ginza</i> Book 1)</li> <li>Epoch of <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_wife" title="Noah's wife">his wife</a> Nuraita/Nhuraita (current and final epoch): 4th generation of humans (remaining years, which would be 8,000 years if taking the 480,000 years into account)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals">Festivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mandaean festivals are:<sup id="cite_ref-Aldihisi_2008_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldihisi_2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Parwanaya</a></i>: Five days that <a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a> created the angels and the universe. The 5 <a href="/wiki/Intercalation_(timekeeping)" title="Intercalation (timekeeping)">epagomenals</a> (extra days) inserted at the end of every Šumbulta (the 8th month) constitute the Parwanaya intercalary feast.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Daimana" title="Dehwa Daimana">Dehwa Daimana</a></i> or <i>Dehwa Daymaneh</i> (<i>Dihba ḏ-Yamana</i>, <i>Dihba Daimana</i>, or <i>Dihba Rba ḏ-Daima</i>): Birthday of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>. Children are baptized for the first time during this festival.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasoraia_2021_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasoraia_2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 28">: 28 </span></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanshiy_u-Zahly" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanshiy u-Zahly">Kanshiy u-Zahly</a></i>: New Year's Eve</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a></i>: New Year's Day</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="Feast of the Great Shishlam">Feast of the Great Shishlam</a></i> (Classical Mandaic: <span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡃࡉࡄࡁࡀ ࡖࡔࡉࡔࡋࡀࡌ ࡓࡁࡀ</span>) or <i><a href="/wiki/Nauruz" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruz">Nauruz</a> Zūṭa</i> (<span title="Classical Mandaic-language text"><span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡍࡀࡅࡓࡅࡆ ࡆࡅࡈࡀ</span></span>): Little New Year, on the 6th-7th days of Daula, corresponding to <a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a> in Christianity. The Night of Power takes place on the night of the 6th day (similar to <a href="/wiki/Qadr_Night" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadr Night">Qadr Night</a>), during which the heavenly gates of <a href="/wiki/Abatur" title="Abatur">Abatur</a> are open to the faithful. Priests visit Mandaean households and give them myrtle wreaths to hang on their houses for the rest of the year to protect against evil. The households also donate alms to the priests.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Hanina" title="Dehwa Hanina">Dehwa Hanina</a></i> (Classical Mandaic: <span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡃࡉࡄࡁࡀ ࡄࡀࡍࡉࡍࡀ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Classical Mandaic-language romanization"><i lang="myz-Latn">Dihba Hanina</i></span>) or <i>Dehwa Ṭurma</i> (<i>Dihba ḏ-Tirma</i>): the Little Feast, begins on the 18th day of Taura. This holiday commemorates the ascension of <a href="/wiki/Hibil_Ziwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibil Ziwa">Hibil Ziwa</a> from the underworld to the Lightworld. The feast lasts for three days. On the first day, Mandaean families visit each other and have a special breakfast of rice, yogurt, and dates. Baptisms are performed, and the dead are commemorated with <a href="/wiki/Lofani" title="Lofani">lofani</a> (ritual meals).</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ead_Fel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ead Fel (page does not exist)">Ead Fel</a></i>: Crushed dates with roasted sesame seeds (<i>shoshma</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) are eaten.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Haris" title="Abu al-Haris">Abū al-Harīs</a></i> (Arabic: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أبو الهريس</span>) or Ashoriya, "day of remembrance": on the 1st day of the 6th month, <a href="/wiki/Sar%E1%B9%ADana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarṭana">Sarṭana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Häberl_2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> Day of remembrance for the drowned people of <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Noah's flood">Noah's flood</a>. Grains and cereals are eaten as part of a special <a href="/wiki/Lofani" title="Lofani">lofani</a>. Mandaeans believe that on this day, Noah and his son Sam made the food of forgiveness of sins for the souls of those who died in the flood. The food of forgiveness consists of seven grains representing the seven days of the week, and from the grounding of these seven grains came the name Abū al-Harīs. (See <a href="/wiki/Ashure" title="Ashure">Ashure</a> or Noah's pudding.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example_calendar">Example calendar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Example calendar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is an example of a calendar year for the Mandaean year 445375, which corresponds to the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> years 2005–2006 or <a href="/wiki/Jewish_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish calendar">Jewish calendar</a> year 5766 (Gelbert 2005: 274).<sup id="cite_ref-Gelbert_2005_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelbert_2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fasting (<a href="/wiki/Classical_Mandaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Mandaic language">Classical Mandaic</a>: <span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡑࡀࡅࡌࡀ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Classical Mandaic-language romanization"><i lang="myz-Latn">ṣauma</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-Nasoraia_2021_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasoraia_2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is practiced on some days. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No.</th> <th>Mandaean month</th> <th>Gregorian month</th> <th>Festival(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daula_(month)" title="Daula (month)">Dowla</a></td> <td>July / August</td> <td>1st and 2nd day of Dowla: the New Year – <a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a><br />6th and 7th day of Dowla: festival of <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0i%C5%A1lam_Rabba" class="mw-redirect" title="Šišlam Rabba">Šišlam Rabba</a> (festival of trees). Eating meat, fish and eggs is not permitted. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuna_(month)" title="Nuna (month)">Nuna</a></td> <td>August / September</td> <td>25th of Nuna: light fasting </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Embra_(month)" title="Embra (month)">Ambero</a></td> <td>September / October</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taura_(month)" title="Taura (month)">Towra</a></td> <td>October / November</td> <td>1st of Toura: Memorial Day (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ead_Fel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ead Fel (page does not exist)">Ead Fel</a>)<br />2nd, 3rd, and 4th of Toura: light fasting<br />18th of Towra: <a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Hanina" title="Dehwa Hanina">Dehwa Hanina</a> (celebration of the completed creation) </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silmia" title="Silmia">Selmi</a></td> <td>November / December</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sartana_(month)" title="Sartana (month)">Saratana</a></td> <td>December / January</td> <td>1st of Saratana: Noah returned to dry land (<a href="/wiki/Ashoriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashoriya">Ashoriya</a>)<br />9th of Saratana: light fasting<br />15th of Saratana: light fasting<br />23rd of Saratana: light fasting </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aria_(month)" title="Aria (month)">Aria</a></td> <td>January / February</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shumbolta" class="mw-redirect" title="Shumbolta">Shumbolta</a></td> <td>February / March</td> <td>From 26th to 30th of Shumbolta: full fasting </td></tr> <tr> <td>(Panja)</td> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Panja</a>)</td> <td></td> <td>Panja or <a href="/wiki/Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Parwanaya</a> – 5 <a href="/wiki/Intercalary_days" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercalary days">intercalary days</a>: days of remembrance (or "days without night"). Single and group baptizing (<a href="/wiki/Masbuta" title="Masbuta">masbuta</a>) is permitted. Eating bread with yeast is not allowed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qaina" title="Qaina">Qina</a></td> <td>March / April</td> <td>1st of Qina: light fasting </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arqwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Arqwa">Arqwa</a></td> <td>April / May</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hi%E1%B9%ADia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiṭia">Heṭia</a></td> <td>May / June</td> <td>1st of Heṭia: <a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Daimana" title="Dehwa Daimana">Dehwa Daimana</a> (birthday of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">Yehya Yehanna</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadia_(month)" title="Gadia (month)">Gadia</a></td> <td>June / July</td> <td>28th and 29th of Gadia: light fasting<br />30th of Gadia (<a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a>): <a href="/wiki/Kanshiy_u-Zahly" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanshiy u-Zahly">Kanshiy u-Zahly</a> (cleaning and washing the whole household, baptism and buying new clothes). At sunset, Mandaeans will close their doors and stay inside for 36 hours to commemorate the assembly of the angels in heaven. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Below are some Mandaean holiday dates for 2024:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>March 13-17 – <a href="/wiki/Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Parwanaya</a></li> <li>May 17 – <a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Daymaneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehwa Daymaneh">Dehwa Daymaneh</a></li> <li>July 15 – <a href="/wiki/Kanshiy_u-Zahly" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanshiy u-Zahly">Kanshiy u-Zahly</a></li> <li>July 16 – <a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a></li> <li>October 14 – Ead Fel</li> <li>October 31 – <a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Hanina" title="Dehwa Hanina">Dehwa Hanina</a></li> <li>December 13 – Ashoriya (<a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Haris" title="Abu al-Haris">Abu al-Haris</a>)</li></ul> <p>Every four years, the dates are shifted back by one day, since the Mandaean calendar lacks a <a href="/wiki/Leap_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Leap day">leap day</a>. As a result, Mandaean holiday dates for 2028 are: </p> <ul><li>March 12-16 – <a href="/wiki/Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Parwanaya</a></li> <li>May 16 – <a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Daymaneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehwa Daymaneh">Dehwa Daymaneh</a></li> <li>July 14 – <a href="/wiki/Kanshiy_u-Zahly" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanshiy u-Zahly">Kanshiy u-Zahly</a></li> <li>July 15 – <a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a></li> <li>October 13 – Ead Fel</li> <li>October 30 – <a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Hanina" title="Dehwa Hanina">Dehwa Hanina</a></li> <li>December 12 – Ashoriya (<a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Haris" title="Abu al-Haris">Abu al-Haris</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calendar_makers">Calendar makers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Calendar makers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dakhil_Shooshtary" title="Dakhil Shooshtary">Dakhil Shooshtary</a>, an Iranian-American Mandaean, was known for making Mandaean calendars.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_2023_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley_2023-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xxxii">: xxxii </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar" title="Babylonian calendar">Babylonian calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercalary_month_(Egypt)" title="Intercalary month (Egypt)">Intercalary month (Egypt)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Drower, Ethel Stefana. <i>The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran</i>. Oxford At The Clarendon Press, 1937.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aldihisi_2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aldihisi_2008_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aldihisi_2008_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aldihisi_2008_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aldihisi_2008_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aldihisi_2008_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aldihisi_2008_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAldihisi2008" class="citation thesis cs1">Aldihisi, Sabah (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1444088/"><i>The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba</i></a> (PhD). University College London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+story+of+creation+in+the+Mandaean+holy+book+in+the+Ginza+Rba&rft.inst=University+College+London&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Aldihisi&rft.aufirst=Sabah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F1444088%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Häberl_2022-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Häberl_2022_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHäberl2022" class="citation book cs1">Häberl, Charles (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/book/10.3828/9781800856271"><i>The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire</i></a>. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-80085-627-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-80085-627-1"><bdi>978-1-80085-627-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Kings+and+the+Explanations+of+This+World%3A+A+Universal+History+from+the+Late+Sasanian+Empire&rft.place=Liverpool&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-80085-627-1&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4berl&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk%2Fdoi%2Fbook%2F10.3828%2F9781800856271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haberl_2017-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haberl_2017_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHäberl2017" class="citation journal cs1">Häberl, Charles G. (Spring 2017). "The Origin and Meaning of Mandaic". <i>Journal of Semitic Studies</i>. <b>62</b> (1). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjss%2Ffg%3F000">10.1093/jss/fg?000</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Semitic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Origin+and+Meaning+of+Mandaic&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjss%2Ffg%3F000&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4berl&rft.aufirst=Charles+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nasoraia_2021-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nasoraia_2021_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasoraia_2021_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasoraia_2021_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasoraia_2021_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasoraia2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brikha_Nasoraia" title="Brikha Nasoraia">Nasoraia, Brikha H.S.</a> (2021). <i>The Mandaean gnostic religion: worship practice and deep thought</i>. New Delhi: Sterling. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-950824-1-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-950824-1-4"><bdi>978-81-950824-1-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1272858968">1272858968</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mandaean+gnostic+religion%3A+worship+practice+and+deep+thought&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Sterling&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1272858968&rft.isbn=978-81-950824-1-4&rft.aulast=Nasoraia&rft.aufirst=Brikha+H.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bhayro_2020-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bhayro_2020_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhayro2020" class="citation book cs1">Bhayro, Siam (2020-02-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004400566/BP000051.xml"><i>Cosmology in Mandaean Texts</i></a>. Brill. pp. 572–579. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004400566_046">10.1163/9789004400566_046</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmology+in+Mandaean+Texts&rft.pages=572-579&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004400566_046&rft.aulast=Bhayro&rft.aufirst=Siam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fbook%2Fedcoll%2F9789004400566%2FBP000051.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelbert_2005-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gelbert_2005_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gelbert_2005_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelbert2005" class="citation book cs1">Gelbert, Carlos (2005). <i>The Mandaeans and the Jews</i>. Edensor Park, NSW: Living Water Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9580346-2-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9580346-2-1"><bdi>0-9580346-2-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/68208613">68208613</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mandaeans+and+the+Jews&rft.place=Edensor+Park%2C+NSW&rft.pub=Living+Water+Books&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F68208613&rft.isbn=0-9580346-2-1&rft.aulast=Gelbert&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Häberl_2021-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Häberl_2021_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Häberl_2021_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHäberl2021" class="citation journal cs1">Häberl, Charles (2021-01-07). "The Mandaean Day". <i>Academia Letters</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.20935%2Fal122">10.20935/al122</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academia+Letters&rft.atitle=The+Mandaean+Day&rft.date=2021-01-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.20935%2Fal122&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4berl&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buckley_2002-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buckley_2002_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2002" class="citation book cs1">Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). <i>The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-515385-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-515385-5"><bdi>0-19-515385-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/65198443">65198443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mandaeans%3A+ancient+texts+and+modern+people&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F65198443&rft.isbn=0-19-515385-5&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Jorunn+Jacobsen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_G._Häberl2021" class="citation journal cs1">Charles G. Häberl (13 January 2021). "Of Calendars—and Kings—and Why the Winter is Boiling Hot". <i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>. <b>31</b>: 535-544.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=Of+Calendars%E2%80%94and+Kings%E2%80%94and+Why+the+Winter+is+Boiling+Hot&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=535-544&rft.date=2021-01-13&rft.au=Charles+G.+H%C3%A4berl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR_Lidzbarski-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR_Lidzbarski_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLidzbarski1925" class="citation book cs1">Lidzbarski, Mark (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MN41563ucmf_2"><i>Ginza: Der Schatz oder Das große Buch der Mandäer</i></a>. Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ginza%3A+Der+Schatz+oder+Das+gro%C3%9Fe+Buch+der+Mand%C3%A4er&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen&rft.pub=Vandenhoek+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=Lidzbarski&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FMN41563ucmf_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR_Gelbert-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR_Gelbert_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelbert2011" class="citation book cs1">Gelbert, Carlos (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://livingwaterbooks.com.au/product/ginza-rba/"><i>Ginza Rba</i></a>. Sydney: Living Water Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780958034630" title="Special:BookSources/9780958034630"><bdi>9780958034630</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ginza+Rba&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Living+Water+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780958034630&rft.aulast=Gelbert&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flivingwaterbooks.com.au%2Fproduct%2Fginza-rba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mandaeansynod.org.au/mandaean-calendar.html">"Mandaean Calendar"</a>. <i>Mandaean Synod of Australia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mandaean+Synod+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Mandaean+Calendar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmandaeansynod.org.au%2Fmandaean-calendar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/items/show/54">"Sydney 2014 Masbuta 08: Shoshma (Sesame)"</a>. <i>The Worlds of Mandaean Priests</i>. 2014-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Worlds+of+Mandaean+Priests&rft.atitle=Sydney+2014+Masbuta+08%3A+Shoshma+%28Sesame%29&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://letterly.github.io/calendar.html">"Universal Calendar Project"</a>. <i>Universal Calendar Project</i>. 2024-03-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Universal+Calendar+Project&rft.atitle=Universal+Calendar+Project&rft.date=2024-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fletterly.github.io%2Fcalendar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buckley_2023-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buckley_2023_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2023" class="citation book cs1">Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2023). <i>1800 Years of Encounters with Mandaeans</i>. Gorgias Mandaean Studies. Vol. 5. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4632-4132-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4632-4132-2"><bdi>978-1-4632-4132-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1935-441X">1935-441X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1800+Years+of+Encounters+with+Mandaeans&rft.place=Piscataway%2C+NJ&rft.series=Gorgias+Mandaean+Studies&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.issn=1935-441X&rft.isbn=978-1-4632-4132-2&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Jorunn+Jacobsen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandaean+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mandaeansynod.org.au/mandaean-calendar.html">Mandaean calendar</a> from the Mandaean Synod of Australia</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Calendars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendars" title="Template:Calendars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Calendars" title="Template talk:Calendars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Calendars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In wide use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_week_date" title="ISO week date">ISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">In more<br />limited use</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_calendar" title="Akan calendar">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_calendar" title="Assamese calendar">Assamese (Bhāshkarābda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí</a> <ul><li>Badí‘</li></ul></li> <li>Bali <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pawukon_calendar" title="Pawukon calendar">Pawukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi calendar">Bangladeshi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borana_calendar" title="Borana calendar">Borana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earthly_Branches" title="Earthly Branches">Earthly Branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Stems" title="Heavenly Stems">Heavenly Stems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_term" title="Solar term">Solar term</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_holidays" title="Heathen holidays">Germanic heathen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_calendar" title="Georgian calendar">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_calendar" title="Hmong calendar">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalali_calendar" title="Jalali calendar">Jalali</a> <ul><li>medieval</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_calendar" title="Irish calendar">Irish</a> <ul><li>Gaelic</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasli_calendar" title="Fasli calendar">Fasli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabular_Islamic_calendar" title="Tabular Islamic calendar">Tabular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vira_Nirvana_Samvat" title="Vira Nirvana Samvat">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_calendar" title="Kurdish calendar">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_calendar" title="Lithuanian calendar">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_Panchang" title="Tirhuta Panchang">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_calendar" title="Malayalam calendar">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_calendar" title="Meitei calendar">Manipuri (Meitei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanau_calendar" title="Melanau calendar">Melanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_calendar" title="Mongolian calendar">Mongolian</a></li> <li>Nepal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Sambat" title="Nepal Sambat">Nepal Sambat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yele_Sambat" title="Yele Sambat">Yele Sambat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a#Nisga’a_calendar/life" title="Nisga'a">Nisg̱a'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_calendar" title="Odia calendar">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_calendar" title="Punjabi calendar">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_calendar" title="Romanian calendar">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shona_calendar" title="Shona calendar">Shona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_calendar" title="Somali calendar">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_calendar" title="Sotho calendar">Sesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_calendar" title="Slavic calendar">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith%27s_calendars_and_holidays" title="Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays">Slavic Native Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_months" title="Macedonian months">Macedonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_calendar" title="Tamil calendar">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_calendar" title="Thai calendar">Thai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_lunar_calendar" title="Thai lunar calendar">lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_calendar" title="Tripuri calendar">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_calendar" title="Tulu calendar">Tulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_calendar" title="Vietnamese calendar">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_the_Year" title="Wheel of the Year">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_calendar" title="Xhosa calendar">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_calendar" title="Yoruba calendar">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_calendar" title="Zulu calendar">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runic_calendar" title="Runic calendar">Runic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars" title="Mesoamerican calendars">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Long_Count_calendar" title="Mesoamerican Long Count calendar">Long Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_round" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar round">Calendar round</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Christian variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian and Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">Revised</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabian_calendar" title="Pre-Islamic Arabian calendar">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Aztec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dnalp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Tōnalpōhualli">Tōnalpōhualli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuhp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Xiuhpōhualli">Xiuhpōhualli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar" title="Babylonian calendar">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_calendar" title="Bulgar calendar">Bulgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_calendar" title="Cappadocian calendar">Cappadocian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_calendar" title="Cham calendar">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Sakarat" title="Chula Sakarat">Culāsakaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coligny_calendar" title="Coligny calendar">Coligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_calendar" title="Egyptian calendar">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_calendar" title="Enoch calendar">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_calendar" title="Florentine calendar">Florentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar">French Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic calendar">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_calendars" title="Ancient Greek calendars">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca calendar">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_calendar" title="Ancient Macedonian calendar">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haab%CA%BC" title="Haabʼ">Haabʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzolk%CA%BCin" title="Tzolkʼin">Tzolkʼin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecontad_calendar" title="Pentecontad calendar">Pentecontad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisan_calendar" title="Pisan calendar">Pisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumran_calendrical_texts" title="Qumran calendrical texts">Qumran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_calendar" title="Rapa Nui calendar">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_calendar" title="Rumi calendar"><i>Rumi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">Sexagenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_calendar" title="Soviet calendar">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_calendar" title="Swedish calendar">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_renaming_of_Turkmen_months_and_days_of_week" title="2002 renaming of Turkmen months and days of week">Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene</a> <ul><li>anthropological</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">Proleptic Gregorian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Julian_calendar" title="Proleptic Julian calendar">Proleptic Julian</a> <ul><li>historiographical</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darian_calendar" title="Darian calendar">Darian</a> <ul><li>Martian</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamspell" title="Dreamspell">Dreamspell</a> <ul><li>New Age</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Pataphysics#Pataphysical_calendar" title="'Pataphysics">'Pataphysical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_reform" title="Calendar reform">Reform proposals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanke%E2%80%93Henry_Permanent_Calendar" title="Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar">Hanke–Henry Permanent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fixed_Calendar" title="International Fixed Calendar">International Fixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Calendar" title="Pax Calendar">Pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positivist_calendar" title="Positivist calendar">Positivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetry454" title="Symmetry454">Symmetry454</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Calendar" title="World Calendar">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Displays and<br />applications</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendaring_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendaring software">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_calendar" title="Perpetual calendar">Perpetual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(stationery)" title="Calendar (stationery)">Wall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Year naming<br />and numbering</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch" title="Epoch">Epoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">Leap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">Regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_zero" title="Year zero">Year zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anka_year" title="Anka year">Anka year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a>/<a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Lucis" title="Anno Lucis">Anno Lucis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_the_Martyrs" title="Era of the Martyrs">Anno Martyrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym_dating_system" title="Eponym dating system">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">Before Present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_era_name" title="Chinese era name">Chinese Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Chinese Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English and British regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">Hijri year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Human (Holocene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_era_name" title="Korean era name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirayana_system" title="Nirayana system">Nirayana system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_era" title="Spanish era">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">Yugas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Yuga" title="Satya Yuga">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treta_Yuga" title="Treta Yuga">Treta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvapara_Yuga" title="Dvapara Yuga">Dvapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_era_name" title="Vietnamese era name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discworld_(world)#Calendar" title="Discworld (world)">Discworld</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Discworld" title="Discworld">Discworld</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanaess#Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Flanaess">Greyhawk</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-earth calendar">Middle-earth</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardate" title="Stardate">Stardate</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_calendars" title="List of calendars">List of calendars</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Calendars" title="Category:Calendars">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mandaeism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mandaeism_footer" title="Template:Mandaeism footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mandaeism_footer" title="Template talk:Mandaeism footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mandaeism_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mandaeism footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mandaeism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_Americans" title="Mandaean Americans">Mandaean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_Australians" title="Mandaean Australians">Mandaean Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeans_in_Sweden" title="Mandaeans in Sweden">Mandaeans in Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabians" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_(sect)#Nasoraean_Mandaeans" title="Nazarene (sect)">Nasoraeans</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png/70px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png/105px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png/140px-Darfash_-_Mandaean_cross.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical identities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essenes" title="Essenes">Essenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentaeans" title="Kentaeans">Kentaeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_priest" title="Mandaean priest">Priesthood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rishama" title="Rishama">Rishama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzibra" title="Ganzibra">Ganzibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmida" title="Tarmida">Tarmida</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Shganda" title="Shganda">Shganda</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Mandaean_priests" title="List of Mandaean priests">List of Mandaean priests</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlama_beth_Qidra" title="Shlama beth Qidra">Shlama beth Qidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazai_of_Gawazta" title="Zazai of Gawazta">Zazai of Gawazta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anush_bar_Danqa" title="Anush bar Danqa">Anush bar Danqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Bihram" title="Yahya Bihram">Yahya Bihram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Zihrun" title="Ram Zihrun">Ram Zihrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibia_Mudalal" title="Bibia Mudalal">Bibia Mudalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Khaffagi" title="Abdullah Khaffagi">Abdullah Khaffagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negm_bar_Zahroon" title="Negm bar Zahroon">Negm bar Zahroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bar_Negm" title="Abdullah bar Negm">Abdullah bar Negm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_bar_Sam" title="Abdullah bar Sam">Abdullah bar Sam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakhil_Aidan" title="Dakhil Aidan">Dakhil Aidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabbar_Choheili" title="Jabbar Choheili">Jabbar Choheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Choheili" title="Salah Choheili">Salah Choheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najah_Choheili" title="Najah Choheili">Najah Choheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taleb_Doraji" title="Taleb Doraji">Taleb Doraji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaldoon_Majid_Abdullah" title="Khaldoon Majid Abdullah">Khaldoon Majid Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahi_Bashikh" title="Sahi Bashikh">Sahi Bashikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattar_Jabbar_Hilow" title="Sattar Jabbar Hilow">Sattar Jabbar Hilow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhana_Nashmi" title="Yuhana Nashmi">Yuhana Nashmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brikha_Nasoraia" title="Brikha Nasoraia">Brikha Nasoraia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafid_al-Sabti" title="Rafid al-Sabti">Rafid al-Sabti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salwan_Alkhamas" title="Salwan Alkhamas">Salwan Alkhamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_Council_of_Ahvaz" title="Mandaean Council of Ahvaz">Mandaean Council of Ahvaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabian_Mandaean_Association_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabian Mandaean Association in Australia">Sabian Mandaean Association in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mandaic_manuscripts" title="List of Mandaic manuscripts">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Ginza Rabba</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Right_Ginza" title="Right Ginza">Right Ginza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Left_Ginza" title="Left Ginza">Left Ginza</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_Book_of_John" title="Mandaean Book of John">Mandaean Book of John</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Qulasta_(list)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Qulasta" title="Qulasta">Qulasta</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Qulasta_prayers" title="List of Qulasta prayers">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sidra_d-Nishmata" title="Sidra d-Nishmata">Sidra d-Nishmata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rushuma" title="Rushuma">Rushuma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asut_Malkia" title="Asut Malkia">Asut Malkia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eniana" title="Eniana">Eniana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahma_(Mandaeism)" title="Rahma (Mandaeism)">Rahma</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabahatan" title="Tabahatan">Tabahatan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shumhata" title="Shumhata">Shumhata</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Priestly texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Thousand_and_Twelve_Questions" title="The Thousand and Twelve Questions">The Thousand and Twelve Questions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_Exalted_Kingship" title="Scroll of Exalted Kingship">Scroll of Exalted Kingship</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="The Coronation of the Great Shishlam">The Coronation of the Great Shishlam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wedding_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="The Wedding of the Great Shishlam">The Wedding of the Great Shishlam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Rba" title="Alma Rišaia Rba">Alma Rišaia Rba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Zu%E1%B9%ADa" title="Alma Rišaia Zuṭa">Alma Rišaia Zuṭa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zihrun_Raza_Kasia" title="Zihrun Raza Kasia">Zihrun Raza Kasia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Parwanaya" title="Scroll of the Parwanaya">Scroll of the Parwanaya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Great_Baptism" title="Scroll of the Great Baptism">Scroll of the Great Baptism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Ancestors" title="Scroll of the Ancestors">Scroll of the Ancestors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baptism_of_Hibil_Ziwa" title="The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa">The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_Abatur" title="Scroll of Abatur">Scroll of Abatur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dmut_Ku%C5%A1%E1%B9%ADa" title="Dmut Kušṭa">Dmut Kušṭa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Ancestors" title="Secrets of the Ancestors">Secrets of the Ancestors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scroll_of_the_Rivers" title="Scroll of the Rivers">Scroll of the Rivers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Zodiac" title="Book of the Zodiac">Book of the Zodiac</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Haran_Gawaita" title="Haran Gawaita">Haran Gawaita</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic</a> texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incantation_bowl" title="Incantation bowl">Incantation bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_lead_rolls" title="Mandaic lead rolls">Lead rolls</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%A1ra_d-Ainia" title="Pišra d-Ainia">Pišra d-Ainia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_cosmology" title="Mandaean cosmology">Cosmology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibil" title="Tibil">Tibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardna" title="Yardna">Yardna</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_of_Light" title="World of Light">World of Light</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkinta" title="Shkinta">Shkina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piriawis" title="Piriawis">Piriawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mshunia_Kushta" title="Mshunia Kushta">Mshunia Kushta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tarwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasana" title="Yasana">Yasana</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Uthras" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Uthras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushamin" title="Yushamin">Yushamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abatur" title="Abatur">Abatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahil" title="Ptahil">Ptahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibil" title="Hibil">Hibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitil" title="Shitil">Shitil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anush_(Mandaeism)" title="Anush (Mandaeism)">Anush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ziwa" title="Sam Ziwa">Sam Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_d-Hayyi" title="Manda d-Hayyi">Manda d-Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilmai" title="Shilmai">Shilmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidbai" title="Nidbai">Nidbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adathan_and_Yadathan" title="Adathan and Yadathan">Adathan and Yadathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yufin-Yufafin" title="Yufin-Yufafin">Yufin-Yufafin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfeil_and_Marfeil" title="Urfeil and Marfeil">Urfeil and Marfeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tar and Tarwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihram" title="Bihram">Bihram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zihrun" title="Zihrun">Zihrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etinsib_Ziwa" title="Etinsib Ziwa">Etinsib Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbat" title="Nbat">Nbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsab" title="Nsab">Nsab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubran" title="Gubran">Gubran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihlun" title="Shihlun">Shihlun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yura_(Mandaeism)" title="Yura (Mandaeism)">Yura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurba" title="Yurba">Yurba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukabar" title="Yukabar">Yukabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukashar" title="Yukashar">Yukashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawar_Ziwa" title="Yawar Ziwa">Yawar Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simat_Hayyi" title="Simat Hayyi">Simat Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saureil" title="Saureil">Saureil</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Concepts" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anana_(Mandaeism)" title="Anana (Mandaeism)">Anana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gufna" title="Gufna">Gufna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziwa_(Aramaic)" title="Ziwa (Aramaic)">Ziwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intermediary realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matarta" title="Matarta">Matarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitfun" title="Hitfun">Hitfun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrat" title="Shahrat">Shahrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatrin" title="Shatrin">Shatrin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_of_Darkness_(Mandaeism)" title="World of Darkness (Mandaeism)">World of Darkness</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Suf" title="Sea of Suf">Sea of Suf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siniawis" title="Siniawis">Siniawis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mšiha</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demons_in_Mandaeism" title="Demons in Mandaeism">Demons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruha" title="Ruha">Ruha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur_(Mandaeism)" title="Ur (Mandaeism)">Ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krun" title="Krun">Krun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaf_(Mandaeism)" title="Gaf (Mandaeism)">Gaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_(Mandaeism)" title="Qin (Mandaeism)">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anathan" title="Anathan">Anathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shdum" title="Shdum">Shdum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giu_(Mandaeism)" title="Giu (Mandaeism)">Giu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hag_and_Mag" title="Hag and Mag">Hag and Mag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zartai-Zartanai" title="Zartai-Zartanai">Zartai-Zartanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahreil" title="Zahreil">Zahreil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_cosmology#Planets" title="Mandaean cosmology">Planets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shamish" title="Shamish">Shamish</a> (Sun)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libat" title="Libat">Libat</a> (Venus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbu" title="Nbu">Nbu</a> (Mercury)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_(Mandaeism)" title="Sin (Mandaeism)">Sin</a> (Moon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwan" title="Kiwan">Kiwan</a> (Saturn)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bil_(Mandaeism)" title="Bil (Mandaeism)">Bil</a> (Jupiter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirig" title="Nirig">Nirig</a> (Mars)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enos_(biblical_figure)" title="Enos (biblical figure)">Enosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriai" title="Miriai">Miriai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legendary figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinanukht" title="Dinanukht">Dinanukht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishlam" title="Shishlam">Shishlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezlat" title="Ezlat">Ezlat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kushta" title="Kushta">Kushta</a> (truth)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_(Mandaeism)" title="Manda (Mandaeism)">Manda</a> (gnosis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laufa" title="Laufa">Laufa</a> (communion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmuta" title="Dmuta">Dmuta</a> (image)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishimta" title="Nishimta">Nishimta</a> (soul)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruha#As_the_spirit" title="Ruha">Ruha</a> (spirit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_(Mandaeism)" title="Mana (Mandaeism)">Mana</a> (mind)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Kasia" title="Adam Kasia">Adam Kasia</a> (hidden Adam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Pagria" title="Adam Pagria">Adam Pagria</a> (bodily Adam)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects and symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drabsha" title="Drabsha">Drabsha</a> (banner)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misha_(Mandaeism)" title="Misha (Mandaeism)">Misha</a> (oil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riha_(Mandaeism)" title="Riha (Mandaeism)">Riha</a> (incense)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandola" title="Skandola">Skandola</a> (talisman seal)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ritual food and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mambuha" title="Mambuha">Mambuha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halalta" title="Halalta">Halalta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamra_(Mandaeism)" title="Hamra (Mandaeism)">Hamra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pihta" title="Pihta">Pihta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatira" title="Fatira">Fatira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_(Mandaeism)" title="Sa (Mandaeism)">Sa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dukrana" title="Dukrana">Dukrana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofani" title="Lofani">Lofani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidqa_brikha" title="Zidqa brikha">Zidqa brikha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rasta_(Mandaeism)" title="Rasta (Mandaeism)">Rasta</a> (robe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burzinqa" title="Burzinqa">Burzinqa</a> (turban)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandama" title="Pandama">Pandama</a> (mouth-veil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himiana" title="Himiana">Himiana</a> (girdle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margna" title="Margna">Margna</a> (staff)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klila" title="Klila">Klila</a> (wreath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taga_(Mandaeism)" title="Taga (Mandaeism)">Taga</a> (crown)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rituals and practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masbuta" title="Masbuta">Masbuta</a> (baptism)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamasha_(ablution)" title="Tamasha (ablution)">Tamasha</a> (triple ablution)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishama_(ablution)" title="Rishama (ablution)">Rishama</a> (minor ablution)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masiqta" title="Masiqta">Masiqta</a> (death mass)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabin" title="Qabin">Qabin</a> (wedding)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakha" title="Brakha">Brakha</a> (prayer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bshuma" title="Bshuma">Bshuma</a> (name of God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauma" title="Sauma">Sauma</a> (fasting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidqa" title="Zidqa">Zidqa</a> (almsgiving)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Naming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandi_(Mandaeism)" title="Mandi (Mandaeism)">Mandi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabian%E2%80%93Mandaean_Mandi_of_Baghdad" title="Sabian–Mandaean Mandi of Baghdad">Baghdad Mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzibra_Dakhil_Mandi" title="Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi">Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Yuhana_Mandi" title="Yahya Yuhana Mandi">Yahya Yuhana Mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallacia_Mandi" title="Wallacia Mandi">Wallacia Mandi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkinta" title="Shkinta">Shkinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andiruna" title="Andiruna">Andiruna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feasts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="Feast of the Great Shishlam">Feast of the Great Shishlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Hanina" title="Dehwa Hanina">Dehwa Hanina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Haris" title="Abu al-Haris">Abu al-Haris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Parwanaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehwa_Daimana" title="Dehwa Daimana">Dehwa Daimana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daula_(month)" title="Daula (month)">Daula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuna_(month)" title="Nuna (month)">Nuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embra_(month)" title="Embra (month)">ʿmbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taura_(month)" title="Taura (month)">Taura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silmia" title="Silmia">Ṣilmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartana_(month)" title="Sartana (month)">Sarṭana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_(month)" title="Aria (month)">Aria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumbulta" title="Shumbulta">Šumbulta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaina" title="Qaina">Qaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arqba" title="Arqba">Arqba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitia" title="Hitia">Hiṭia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadia_(month)" title="Gadia (month)">Gadia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Epochs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_and_Rud" title="Ram and Rud">Ram and Rud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shurbai_and_Sharhabeil" title="Shurbai and Sharhabeil">Shurbai and Sharhabeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_wife#In_Mandaeism" title="Noah's wife">Nuraita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_language" title="Mandaic language">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Mandaic" title="Neo-Mandaic">Neo-Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_(Unicode_block)" title="Mandaic (Unicode block)">Unicode block</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholarly disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_studies" title="Mandaean studies">Mandaean studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Mandaeism" title="Category:Mandaeism">Category</a></b>  <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Mandaeism" title="Outline of Mandaeism">Outline</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&oldid=1252617209">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&oldid=1252617209</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mandaean_calendar" title="Category:Mandaean calendar">Mandaean calendar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Specific_calendars" title="Category:Specific calendars">Specific calendars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Calendar_eras" title="Category:Calendar eras">Calendar eras</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Solar_calendars" title="Category:Solar calendars">Solar calendars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liturgical_calendar" title="Category:Liturgical calendar">Liturgical calendar</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Classical_Mandaic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Classical Mandaic-language text">Articles containing Classical Mandaic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 October 2024, at 05:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandaean_calendar&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-5blz9","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.861","walltime":"1.049","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4496,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":170545,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1690,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":82871,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 836.465 1 -total"," 30.66% 256.500 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.06% 151.106 6 Template:Langx"," 16.90% 141.400 13 Template:Navbox"," 14.87% 124.392 1 Template:Cite_thesis"," 12.13% 101.457 1 Template:Mandaeism"," 11.99% 100.320 1 Template:Short_description"," 11.80% 98.729 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 10.56% 88.348 10 Template:Rp"," 9.59% 80.241 10 Template:R/superscript"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.511","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16245927,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-g6cgs","timestamp":"20241122163549","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Mandaean calendar","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mandaean_calendar","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q110029524","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q110029524","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2021-09-03T23:47:21Z","dateModified":"2024-10-22T05:03:42Z","headline":"Solar calendar used by the Mandaeans"}</script> </body> </html>