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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ededed">Second Ballot Act 1908</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Assented to</th><td class="infobox-data">6 October 1908</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Legislative history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ward" title="Joseph Ward">Joseph Ward</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Reading_(legislature)#Third_reading" title="Reading (legislature)">Third reading</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8 September 1908</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Passed</th><td class="infobox-data">6 October 1908</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:#FFCCCC;"><b>Status:</b> <a href="/wiki/Repeal" title="Repeal">Repealed</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Second Ballot Act 1908</b> was an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a> for regulating elections to the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">New Zealand House of Representatives</a>. The Act implemented the <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">two-round voting system</a> to ensure that Members of Parliament were elected by a majority, not a simple plurality like the <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post voting system</a> that had been used since the <a href="/wiki/1853_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1853 New Zealand general election">1853 New Zealand general election</a>. </p><p>The Second Ballot Act 1908 was in force for the <a href="/wiki/1908_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1908 New Zealand general election">1908</a> and <a href="/wiki/1911_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1911 New Zealand general election">1911 general elections</a>, and a number of by-elections.<sup id="cite_ref-teara_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teara-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Legislature Amendment Act 1913 removed the two-round voting system and reinstated first past the post.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Ballot_Act_1908&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Act required every successful candidate in a parliamentary election to receive an absolute majority of votes. If a majority was not obtained on election night, a second ballot between the two highest-polling candidates was required to be held seven days later (except, in 1908 only, in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Islands_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Bay of Islands (New Zealand electorate)">Bay of Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Plenty_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Bay of Plenty (New Zealand electorate)">Bay of Plenty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaipara_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kaipara (New Zealand electorate)">Kaipara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsden_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Marsden (New Zealand electorate)">Marsden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motueka_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Motueka (New Zealand electorate)">Motueka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taumarunui_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taumarunui (New Zealand electorate)">Taumarunui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tauranga_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tauranga (New Zealand electorate)">Tauranga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wakatipu_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Wakatipu (New Zealand electorate)">Wakatipu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallace_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Wallace (New Zealand electorate)">Wallace</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Westland_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Westland (New Zealand electorate)">Westland</a> electorates, where any required second ballot would be held fourteen days later). </p><p>Candidates at the second ballot were not permitted to withdraw from the election. If a candidate at the second ballot election died between the first and second ballots, the Act required a fresh election to be held. The Act specified that, if a judicial recount on the first ballot determined that a candidate in fact had a majority, the second ballot was to be abandoned or ignored if it had already been conducted. Consistent with the previous <a href="/wiki/Tiebreaker" title="Tiebreaker">tiebreaker</a> method used under New Zealand's primary electoral legislation of the time, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electoral_Act_1905&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electoral Act 1905 (page does not exist)">Electoral Act 1905</a>, a tie on the second ballot was broken by the returning officer's casting vote.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early draft of the legislation proposed considering a margin of more than 500 votes sufficient to be interpreted as a majority, but this was struck out by Parliament in its consideration of the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_history">Legislative history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Ballot_Act_1908&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legislative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enactment">Enactment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Ballot_Act_1908&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Enactment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Second ballot legislation had been regularly debated without success in the New Zealand Parliament for the previous twelve years. Three second ballot bills, in the name of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Seddon" title="Richard Seddon">Richard Seddon</a>, were introduced in 1896, 1897 and 1898;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all lost. A fourth attempt was made by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ward" title="Joseph Ward">Joseph Ward</a>, then the <a href="/wiki/Postmaster-General_(New_Zealand)" title="Postmaster-General (New Zealand)">Postmaster-General</a>, in 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ward made his second attempt, and the fifth overall, to pass second ballot legislation in 1908 after he had become prime minister. The Second Ballot Act 1908 was passed 37–14 in the <a href="/wiki/16th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="16th New Zealand Parliament">16th session of the New Zealand Parliament</a> in late 1908, ahead of <a href="/wiki/1908_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1908 New Zealand general election">that year's general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leader of the large, broadly left-of-centre <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party" title="New Zealand Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a>, Ward feared that the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Political_Labour_League" title="Independent Political Labour League">Independent Political Labour League</a> would split the vote on the political left and thus be beneficial to the conservative opposition (who in 1909 would coalesce as the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Reform Party (New Zealand)">Reform Party</a>). Ward expected that the two-round voting system would result in all second ballots to be between Liberal and conservative independent (later Reform) candidates. Opponents of the bill, such as <a href="/wiki/William_Herries" title="William Herries">William Herries</a>, who preferred the <a href="/wiki/Contingent_vote" title="Contingent vote">contingent vote system</a> (a variation of <a href="/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting">instant-runoff voting</a>), cautioned that second ballot voting would "throw the power more into the hands of the faddists and the supporters of the candidates who are not in the first two [who could] fix practically the whole election if it is likely to be close."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Second Ballot Act applied to general electorates only, and not to the four <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Maori constituencies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-teara_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teara-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repeal">Repeal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Ballot_Act_1908&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Repeal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A new <a href="/wiki/Reform_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Reform Government of New Zealand">Reform government</a> came to power between the 1911 and 1914 elections, when independents who had previously supported the Liberal Party changed allegiances. The new government repealed the Second Ballot Act 1908 through the Legislature Amendment Act 1913, a bill in the name of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Internal_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Internal Affairs (New Zealand)">internal affairs minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Francis Bell (New Zealand politician)">Francis Bell</a>, restoring <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first past the post</a> elections that continued until 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application">Application</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Ballot_Act_1908&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Application"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_elections">General elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Ballot_Act_1908&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: General elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/1908_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1908 New Zealand general election">1908 New Zealand general election</a> and <a href="/wiki/1911_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1911 New Zealand general election">1911 New Zealand general election</a></div> <p>The Second Ballot Act was in force for only two general elections: 1908 and 1911. In 1908, second ballots took place in 23 constituencies, when 15 of the leading candidates were elected and eight were defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-teara_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teara-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1911, 30 elections went to a second ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ward's prediction that the second ballot system would always disadvantage Labour did not come true. In the 1908 <a href="/wiki/Wellington_East_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Wellington East (New Zealand electorate)">Wellington East</a> electorate contest, the Liberals stood two candidates who were both eliminated on the first ballot. This left the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Political_Labour_League" title="Independent Political Labour League">Independent Political Labour League</a> (IPLL) candidate, <a href="/wiki/David_McLaren_(politician)" title="David McLaren (politician)">David McLaren</a>, facing a conservative candidate and with many liberal voters transferring their allegiance to McLaren, he became the only candidate of the IPLL who was ever elected to the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McLaren lost his 1911 re-election bid but four other Labour-affiliated candidates were elected in other constituencies that year, all on the second ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1911_election_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1911_election-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By-elections">By-elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Ballot_Act_1908&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: By-elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seven by-elections were held while the Second Ballot Act was in force. The two by-elections where a second ballot was required both saw <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)">Social Democratic Party</a> candidates elected, with <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Liberal_Party" title="New Zealand Liberal Party">Liberal</a> support, over <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Reform Party (New Zealand)">Reform</a> candidates. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th colspan="2">Electorate and by-election</th> <th>Date</th> <th colspan="2">Incumbent</th> <th>Cause</th> <th colspan="2">Winner </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thames_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Thames (New Zealand electorate)">Thames</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1909_Thames_by-election" title="1909 Thames by-election">1909</a> </td> <td>4 February </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDF00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_McGowan_(politician)" title="James McGowan (politician)">James McGowan</a> </td> <td>Appointed to <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legislative_Council" title="New Zealand Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDF00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Taylor_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Edmund Taylor (New Zealand politician)">Edmund Taylor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rangit%C4%ABkei_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rangitīkei (New Zealand electorate)">Rangitikei</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1909_Rangitikei_by-election" title="1909 Rangitikei by-election">1909</a> </td> <td>16 September </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDF00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Remington" title="Arthur Remington">Arthur Remington</a> </td> <td>Death </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDF00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Smith_(politician)" title="Robert William Smith (politician)">Robert Smith</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Auckland_East" title="Auckland East">Auckland East</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1910_Auckland_East_by-election" title="1910 Auckland East by-election">1910</a> </td> <td>16 June </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDF00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Baume" title="Frederick Baume">Frederick Baume</a> </td> <td>Death </td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFAA; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Myers" title="Arthur Myers">Arthur Myers</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_North_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Christchurch North (New Zealand electorate)">Christchurch North</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1911_Christchurch_North_by-election" title="1911 Christchurch North by-election">1911</a> </td> <td>17 August </td> <td style="background-color:#FFA500; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Taylor_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Tommy Taylor (New Zealand politician)">Tommy Taylor</a> </td> <td>Death </td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFAA; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Isitt_(minister)" title="Leonard Isitt (minister)">Leonard Isitt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Egmont_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Egmont (New Zealand electorate)">Egmont</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1912_Egmont_by-election" title="1912 Egmont by-election">1912</a> </td> <td>17 September </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDF00; color:inherit; width:5;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mackenzie" title="Thomas Mackenzie">Thomas Mackenzie</a> </td> <td>Resignation </td> <td style="background-color:#00BB00; color:inherit; width:5;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wilkinson_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Charles Wilkinson (New Zealand politician)">Charles Wilkinson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grey_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Grey (New Zealand electorate)">Grey</a><sup>†</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1913_Grey_by-election" title="1913 Grey by-election">1913</a><sup id="cite_ref-Grey_1913_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grey_1913-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>17 & 24 July </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDF00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Guinness_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Arthur Guinness (New Zealand politician)">Arthur Guinness</a> </td> <td>Death </td> <td style="background-color:#FF79BC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Webb" title="Paddy Webb">Paddy Webb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Lyttelton (New Zealand electorate)">Lyttelton</a><sup>†</sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1913_Lyttelton_by-election" title="1913 Lyttelton by-election">1913</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lyttelton_1913_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lyttelton_1913-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>9 & 16 December </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDF00; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Laurenson" title="George Laurenson">George Laurenson</a> </td> <td>Death </td> <td style="background-color:#FF79BC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_McCombs" title="James McCombs">James McCombs</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup>†</sup> depicts by-elections in which a second ballot was held. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Ballot_Act_1908&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-teara-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-teara_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teara_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teara_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFoster1966" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Bernard John (1966). A. H. McLintock (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/government-parliamentary-elections/page-9"><i>Second Ballot System (1908–13)</i></a>. Wellington: <a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopaedia_of_New_Zealand" title="An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand">An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Second+Ballot+System+%281908%E2%80%9313%29&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=An+Encyclopaedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Bernard+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2F1966%2Fgovernment-parliamentary-elections%2Fpage-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Ballot+Act+1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/research-papers/document/00PLLawRP11031/parliamentary-voting-systems-in-new-zealand-and-the-referendum">"Parliamentary Voting Systems in New Zealand and the Referendum on MMP - New Zealand Parliament"</a>. <i>www.parliament.nz</i>. 5 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.parliament.nz&rft.atitle=Parliamentary+Voting+Systems+in+New+Zealand+and+the+Referendum+on+MMP+-+New+Zealand+Parliament&rft.date=2024-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.nz%2Fen%2Fpb%2Fresearch-papers%2Fdocument%2F00PLLawRP11031%2Fparliamentary-voting-systems-in-new-zealand-and-the-referendum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Ballot+Act+1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/sba19088ev1908n226224/"><i>Second Ballot Act 1908</i></a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_bill/sbb1908385141/"><i>Second Ballot Bill 1908</i></a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_bill/sbb1896751141/"><i>Second Ballot Bill 1896</i></a> , <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_bill/sbb1897771141/"><i>Second Ballot Bill 1897</i></a> , <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_bill/sbb1898331141/"><i>Second Ballot Bill 1898</i></a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_bill/sbb1905831141/"><i>Second Ballot Bill 1905</i></a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.32106019788493&view=1up&seq=726">"Second Ballot Bill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. Vol. 144. New Zealand Parliament: House of Representatives. 8 September 1908. p. 682-701.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Second+Ballot+Bill&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.place=New+Zealand+Parliament&rft.pages=682-701&rft.pub=House+of+Representatives&rft.date=1908-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.32106019788493%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Ballot+Act+1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Herries1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Herries" title="William Herries">William Herries</a> (8 September 1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.32106019788493&view=1up&seq=726">"Second Ballot Bill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. Vol. 144. New Zealand Parliament: House of Representatives. p. 690.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Second+Ballot+Bill&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.place=New+Zealand+Parliament&rft.pages=690&rft.pub=House+of+Representatives&rft.date=1908-09-08&rft.au=William+Herries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.32106019788493%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Ballot+Act+1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_bill/lab1913883229/"><i>Legislature Amendment Bill 1913</i></a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/laa19134gv1913n36291/"><i>Legislature Amendment Act 1913</i></a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Gustafson" title="Barry Gustafson">Gustafson, Barry</a> (1980). <i>Labour's path to political independence: The Origins and Establishment of the New Zealand Labour Party, 1900–19</i>. <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand: <a href="/wiki/Auckland_University_Press" title="Auckland University Press">Auckland University Press</a>. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-647986-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-647986-X"><bdi>0-19-647986-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Labour%27s+path+to+political+independence%3A+The+Origins+and+Establishment+of+the+New+Zealand+Labour+Party%2C+1900%E2%80%9319&rft.place=Auckland%2C+New+Zealand&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Auckland+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-19-647986-X&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Ballot+Act+1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1911_election-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1911_election_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1912-II.2.4.2.20">"The General Election, 1911"</a>. National Library. 1912. pp. 1–14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+General+Election%2C+1911&rft.pages=1-14&rft.pub=National+Library&rft.date=1912&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatojs.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fatojs%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DAJHR1912-II.2.4.2.20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Ballot+Act+1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grey_1913-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grey_1913_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=GRA19130724.2.5.4">"Declaration of Result of Poll and Notification of Second Ballot"</a>. 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Northern Advocate. 17 December 1913. p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mr+McCombs+Returned&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Northern+Advocate&rft.date=1913-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26cl%3Dsearch%26d%3DNA19131217.2.16.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Ballot+Act+1908" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Ballot_Act_1908&oldid=1219767513">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Ballot_Act_1908&oldid=1219767513</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Repealed_New_Zealand_legislation" title="Category:Repealed New Zealand legislation">Repealed New Zealand legislation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Election_legislation" title="Category:Election legislation">Election legislation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1908_in_New_Zealand_law" title="Category:1908 in New Zealand law">1908 in New Zealand law</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_New_Zealand_English_from_April_2024" title="Category:Use New Zealand English from April 2024">Use New Zealand English from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_New_Zealand_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English">All Wikipedia articles written in New Zealand English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2022">Use dmy dates from April 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 April 2024, at 18:16<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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